The Missionary Review of the World — January 1933

1933

!.., An Appraisal of the Appraisal Robert E. Speer What Is Our Commission?

Henry W. Frost Elias Riggs-Pioneer in Turkey Charles Trowbridge Riggs The Berry Schools of Georgia Tracy Byers Missionaries to Convert the Church w. Wilson Cash A Woman's View of the Layme.n's Report'

Lucy W. Peabody

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FINANCIAL Beginning with this new year, the REVIEW is being published in Harris- PLAN burg, Pa. The Evangelical Press is an old friend and our former printer. …is what hundreds of satisfied Subscriptions, orders for single copies persons consider the annuity and advertising contracts should be agreements of the American addressed to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Bible Society. Here is what OF THE WORLD, Third and Reily Sts., Mrs. M. D. of NewYork writes: Harrisburg, Pa. Keep the trade alive I "I know of no safer wa, to inC/est ••• molle)'. 'The pa,ments are alwa,s Do not fail to read the appraisals paid just when they of the "Laymen's Appraisal Report!' are due. I onl, wish Dr. Robert E. Speer examines it with I had thousands to a microscope. Mrs. Henry W. Pea- body tackles it with a surgeon's lan- Read the en# cet. Already a thousand extra copies thusiastic testi# of this issue have been ordered. It monyofMr.E.W.ofIIlinois: should be in the hands of every pas- tor and every missionary. Send in "No other wa, of making inC/estments requires so your order now-before copies are little attention and care. No fret or worry." exhausted. • • • Advancing years need not be feared Many stirring articles have been when you know that this Society, crowded out of this issue. Look for them. They include papers by Dr. indispensable to the missionary en# Samuel M. Zwemer, Kenneth S. La- terprise, and of unquestioned fi# tourette, John A. Mackay, C. S. Det- nancial stability, is behind this weiler and others. Then there are annuity articles on Abyssinia, John R. Mott, Latin America, Alaska, Tibet, Mo- That Gives rocco, China and Home Missions.

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Lord of the Mountain DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Reared with the mountain, Young man, chieftain, VOL. LVI JANUARY, 1933 No.1 Hear a young man's prayer! Hear a prayer for cleanness. FRONTISPIECE PAGE 2 Keeper of the strong rain Drumming on the mountain; TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………… . Lord of the small rain That restores the earth in newness; The New Year Outlook HUllWll Slavery Keeper of the clean rain, Rethinking the Laymen's Appraisal TaskH f01' a l'uited ChUrch Hear a prayer for wholeness. The Need for a ChriRtinn Sor.ial Ord(,f ~orifLI IdpalR and PPfRonnl Heligion Young man, chieftain, AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL ……………….. . 7 Hear a prayer for fleetness. Keeper of the deer's way, By Dr. Robert E. Speer. for forty years Secretary of thp Doard of Forpign Reared among the eagles, Missions of the Presbyterian Church, ('. S. A. Clear my feet of slothness. Keeper of the paths of men, WHAT IS OUR COMMISSION? ………………………. . 28 Hear a prayer for straightness. By Dr. Henry W. Frost, for nearly forty years Home Director of the China Hear a prayer for courage, Inland Mission. Lord of the thin peaks, Reared among the thunders; ELIAS RIGGS-PIONEER IN TURKEY ……………….. . 30 Keeper of the headlands Holding up the harvests; By Dr. Charles Trowbridge Riggs, for thirty-five years missionary of the Keeper of the strong rocks, American Board in Turkey. Hear a prayer for staunchness. THE BERRY SCHOOLS OF GEORGIA ……………….. . 33 Young man, chieftain, Spirit of the Mountain.. By Tracy Byers. author of ":Warth" Berry, the Sunday Lady of Possum Trot." Do. yQU like this CQPy Qf THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF MISSIONARIES TO CONVERT THE CHURCH 37 THE WORLD? By the Rev. W. Wilson Cash, former missionary and now Secretary of the If so., do. yQU knQw Qf any friends . Church Missionary Society. who. WQuld like it enQugh to. become subscribers? Kindly send us names. A WOMAN'S CRITICISM OF THE LAYMEN'S REPORT … 39 Name By Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, for forty years a leader in foreign missionary work among women. Address … THE GO-BETWEEN ………………………………… . 42 Name ……… A Poem by Miss Lereine Ballantine. Address ………………………. REACTIONS TO THE LAYMEN'S REPORT …………… . 43 Name EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING …………………… . 46 Address ….. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison.

WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 49 Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBBRT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON T. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAI>l, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L. WARNSHUIg WrALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD SAMl'EL M. ZWEMER ERIC 11. NORTH DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary cfrl.–_T..:…..;..H;;;…E~..;;,B.-.,;O=–.::.:A;.::R;;;…D~….:O:-:..F—-::.F….:O:….;R:.:..::E:…:I….:G:….;N:..:…-….:M=.;:I…:S:…:S:..:I:….;O=–=-N:….:S::…….–.~ DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITlES Name …….. . YOUR GIFT NOW Address ….. . WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE Name GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Address .. INCOME FOR LIFE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pennsylvania PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Golden Channel of Service*

By S. D. GORDON Author ot "Quiet Talks on Power," etc.

MONEY supplies a golden channel of service through which one may reach most intimately to others, near by and around the world. If God be the dominating motive power in a man's life, then does gold come the nearest to omnipotence of any tangible thing. It takes on the quality of Him who breathes upon it.

The man who in his use of money thinks only or chiefly of the years making up his own present life is-a fool. The man who takes into his reckoning not only the present generation, but all coming generations, in disposing of his money is the shrewd financier.

Money is not riches. Perhaps we have not all quite escaped that delusion. And money is neither righteous nor unrighteous. It gets its moral quality from the man owning it for the time being. It takes on the color of its ownership.

Jesus Christ gives us the simple law for the right use of money. Make friends by means of the money that comes into your control that when it fails they may receive you. Exchange your money into the coin that is current in the Kingdom of God. Exchange your gold into lilies. This yellow stuff that we call riches they use for paving stones up in the Homeland. Would that we might put it under our feet down here, instead of being ruled by it.

The current coin of heaven is the lives of men. And these too will be reckoned the precious metal when the Kingdom of God comes to the earth. Exchange your money into men; purified, uplifted, redeemed men. Buy letters of credit that will be good in the Homeland, and in the coming Kingdom days on the earth, if you would be wealthy.

"That when it fails," Jesus says with fine discernment. Money will fail. There is an I I end to the power of gold in itself. Money will be bankrupt some day. It has enormous buying power now. Some day its power will all be gone. Then it will take the place of paving stones. Yet it would seem to be a failure even there unless some new hardening process had been found for it. Better use it while it has the power of purchase. Better not be caught with much of the yellow stuff sticking to you when the true values are being settled. It will all be dead loss then; dead stock, not worth the space it occupies.

Exchange your gold into men. Buy up some of the kind of coin that they use in the Homeland, so that you may have some wealth there . . . People who expect to go to a foreign country provide the recognized coinage of that country before going.

Here is a man who goes from life on the earth into the other life. He will attempt to take some of his belongings with him for they seem inseparable from him . . . But that sort of thing doe!i not pass current up in the Heavenly land . , . There will be a strange readjustment of values on the other side . . . Some who have been reckoned poor among men will be found to be the shrewdest investors. They will be the millionaires of the Kingdom time and in the Homeland-not dollar-millionaires, but life-millionaires. The standard of wealth in the Homeland is lives, not dollars.

The element of sacrifice must be in the giving if it is to be effective. Sacrifice was the dominant factor in God's giving of His Son, real sacrifice. It was dominant in Jesus' giving His own self and His life, keen cutting sacrifice. Who will follow in their train? All beyond one's need should be out in circulation for the Master in His campaign to save the world.

" Condensed from "Quiet Talks on Service," by S. D. Gordon, published by Fleming H. Revell Company, New York.

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS —- .. ————~——— VOLUME LVI JANUARY, 1933 NUMBER ONE Topics of the Times THE NEW YEAR OUTLOOK may well accept the admonition and encourage- ment of Jesus, the Christ, given to His little band Never have men faced a New Year with more of disciples in the darkest hour of history, just perplexity and apprehension than we face the before His crucifixion. They were a small, weak year 1933. The whole world seems in a turmoil band of peasants; their little country was sub- -warfare and threatened upheavals mark politi- ject to an alien power; the political, social and cal life in Central America, in Ecuador and Co- religious leaders were against them; their aclombia, in Bolivia and Paraguay, in Chile and cepted Messiah was condemned to die a felon's Argentina; in Europe and in India, in China, death and their own little chosen band included Manchukuo and Japan. War debts and economic a traitor and timid and self-seeking disciples. In distress threaten to overturn the social and in- that hour Jesus Christ gave His disciples (in John dustrial institutions of Germany and Britain, of xiv) the remedy for discouragement: America, Australia and other countries. Soviet Russia is struggling to put through her economic 1. "Believe in God"-the creator and loving heaven- Five-Year Program but with small prospects of ly Father whom He had come to reveal. success; her leaders threaten to outlaw all religion in five years. Atheistic communism is also 2. "Believe in me"-the eternal Son of God, and Saviour who had come to redeem a lost and sinful carrying on a tireless and systematic missionary propaganda in other lands, taking advantage of WO:.ldB~~i~vt~ i~r!~! ~~~~a~~~/~~~:t~~;~r!Olil:!~~d folthe present world-wide unrest. In America and Great Britain-the foremost nations established low the Way of Life that He came to point out and to somewhat on Christian ideals-economic de- make possible. pression and unemployment threaten the very existence of many philanthropic, religious and 4. Believe in God's power and readiness to do missionary enterprises. Poverty stares former "greater things" for His people in the future than He liberal givers in the face; mission boards are cut- had ever done in the past. ting down appropriations and churches are fac- 5. Believe in God's abiding presence and continued ing deficits. revelation of Christ, and His carrying out of His lov- This is a time of crisis, but it is not unprece- ing purposes through His Holy Spirit-ever abiding with His true followers. dented. Many times in past years the world has been in a worse plight. Had we lived in the days These promises were all fulfilled in the days of the crucifixion of Christ or in the Dark Ages, following the resurrection; they are being realand had we known world conditions then as we ized today where the conditions are fulfilled. We know them now, we might well have been dis- do not always see the fulfillment and our miscouraged. Today we know and are affected by taken expectations and ambitions often mislead conditions in other lands; we are disturbed be- us as the early disciples were misled by false cause our desires for peace, prosperity and en- ideas. Today, as of old, only God can tell the lightenment are so far from realized. Conditions number of those who "have not bowed the knee may not be essentially worse but our ideals are to Baal"-but they include unnumbered multihigher and we have experienced great past pros- tudes in many lands. It is not possible to estiperity. mate the volume of prayer that is offered con- tinually that the rule of God may be established What then should be our New Year outlook as and recognized in all the earth. The New Year we face present distress and opportunity. We begins with a Universal Week of Prayer in which Christians of every race and tribe and nation unite to honor Almighty God, as revealed turough [3 ]

Jesus Christ, and to seek His guidance and power informed Christian what he writes will come with authority. for the work He has commissioned His Church Mrs. Henry W. Peabody also gives "A Woman's to do in the world. Appraisal" of the Laymen. She is held in high esteem for her wisdom and devotion and her Suffering may come to Christians today, as it views will carry weight because of her experience as a missionary in India, her forty years as a came to the early Church, but all the machina- missionary executive and her wide travel and extensive authorship in the interest of foreign tions of atheistic communism and of other forces missions. Her views are expressed frankly and clearly. of evil, and even death itself, cannot prevail Another paper in this number deserving attenagainst the Church of Christ-in Russia, or in tion deals with the fundamental question: "What Is Our Missionary Commission?" In it Dr. America or in any other land. We have His Henry W. Frost, for forty years Home Director of the China Inland Mission for North America, promise. The forces of evil have tried in vain to takes clear issue with the missionary aims and purpose expressed by the Appraisal Commission. overthrow the power of Christ through lies, cor- We quote elsewhere terse comments on the Reruption, persecution, and death but they have port and reactions expressed by various church boards, pastors, editors, missionaries, and laynever succeeded and never will. men. So many debatable questions are raised by the Appraisal Commission that we purpose to de~ The New Year outlook-with God-is one that vote some space each month to their considera- tion. Articles on the Christian missionary ideals, calls for a clearer understanding of His ideals, aims, message, personnel, methods and adminis- tration will be written by such leaders as Dr. a reconsecration to His service, readjustments to Julius Richter of Germany, Dr. W. Wilson Cash of London, Dr. John A. Mackay, Dr. Wm. B. His program, and deeper experience of His life. Anderson, Dr. Hugh R. Monro and others. The questions have to do with the whole basis and It is not a disheartening outlook but one full of purpose, the message and plan of Christian mis- sions; they relate to the best use of the large promise and of opportunity-wITH GOD. . sums of money expended; to the type of mission- aries that should be sent out; to the methods and RETHINKING THE LAYMEN'S APPRAISAL equipment most effective in educational and med- ical work; to the initiative, leadership and au- As might have been expected, the publication thority of the churches established in the mission of the Report of the Appraisal Commission of the fields; to the whole success or failure of the work; Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry has aroused and to the need for its continuance on the old or considerable interest and much criticism. Fol- on a new basis. lowing the twenty-two newspaper releases, the Report itself has been published in a volume Many experienced leaders at home and abroad under the title "Rethinking Missions." This ap- are preparing papers for the REVIEW on one or peared on November 18 simultaneously with an another of these topics. Their views and presoral interpretation and defense of the Report by entation of the facts will be interesting and the Appraisal Commissioners. Many boards have worthy of careful study. The whole future of issued official statements concerning the Report, missionary interest and cooperation at home and and pastors, missionaries, laymen and editors the success of work abroad depends on a right have expressed their opinions-pro and con. One attitude toward these questions now under disboard advises all the clergy to read the volume; cussion. This is a time of crisis not only in misbut the truth is that comparatively few clergy or sionary work but in Christian thinking. Shall chu:rch members are well enough acquainted with we go forward or retreat? Does this missionary real facts of missions to enable them to form a enterprise depend on human energy and sagacity, discriminating judgment on the subjects under or does it depend on divine leadership and power? discussion. Are we to attempt to blaze new trails under the leadership of men or are we to follow more fully In this number of the REVIEW we devote con- the divine Leader who has declared Himself to be siderable space to the Report and its recom- the Way, the Truth and the Life? mendations. This is not because of its peculiar originality, wisdom or authority but because the pUblicity given to the views of these fifteen men and women has aroused interest and even threaten to create a division in the Church. On another page Dr. Robert E. Speer writes a long, fairminded and careful review of the Report. He is undoubtedly the foremost authority in America on the subject of foreign missions. He has studied the subject for over forty years, has many times visited Asia and Latin America, has written a dozen or more books on missionary topics and for over forty years has been secretary of one of the largest Protestant foreign mission boards in America. As an open-minded and well-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

THE NEED FOR A CHRISTIAN SOCIAL dous readjustment in the scale of living and of ORDER wages. The only solution of industrial and other problems is through the adoption of truly Chris- The Baptist Social Service Committee has re- tian ideals and methods in which cooperation will cently published a call for "A Christian Recon- replace competition; where brotherly love will struction of Society." There seems to be no take the place of self-aggrandizements; where ground for denial of the fact that in every land there will be a return to a simple mode of living; the present social order is based on selfishness- where many will serve without remuneration in which is far from Christian. The Baptist sum- political, social and religious spheres; where the marizes the committee findings as follows: number of wage earners in a family will be lim- ited to necessity; where wealth will not be ac- Our civilization is not condemned as wholly bad, cumulated but will be quickly distributed; and but it is in its policies, practises, and results, grossly where the principles and Spirit of Christ rather at variance with the principles of Christ. It is ma- than the rule of mammon, will prevail in State, terialistic and selfish, exalting personal possessions industry and society. Is there any ground for above public service. It condones injustice, exploiting hope that this time will come except with the comthe poor, crushing the rich under accumulations of un- ing of Jesus Christ to reign in all the world and earned income, distorting the social vision of the peo- in every sphere of life? ple, wasting the common wealth, reducing millions of citizens to privation and a humiliating dependence upon charity.

The solution, according to the report adopted HUMAN SLAVERY by the Northern Baptist Convention, lies in the "The abolition of slavery is an unfinished task courageous application of the teachings of Christ facing Christianity and modern civilization." as to all human relationships. These teachings This is a challenge issued by the Committee on include the conviction that African Welfare 0 f the Federal Council of The principles of the Gospel are socially valid; that Churches. It is true that human slavery is not goodwill, guided by intelligence, is a sound basis for a wholesome community life; that society can be made yet abolished from the earth. Hundreds of thou- Christian in spirit, structure, and function; that the sands of domestic slave girls are reported to be people are educable for social living; that higher in- still bought and sold in China; these servants centives than avarice, ambition, or any other motive are household drudges, often abused and without of predatory self-interest, can be invoked to bring out civil rights. It is estimated that half a million the best service of the individual to his fellows; that men and women are slaves in African and Arab the people can be entrusted with the power of demo- homes; many are kept in ignorance and servile cratic control over their economic life; that industry labor or form part of Moslem harems. But the can be organized on the principle of cooperation for evil is not confined to Asia or Africa.

the common good; that distribution can be so coordi- The Committee of the Federal Council is connated as to supply the needs of all; that there need cerned especially with the matter of enforced and be no dispossessed class sinking into servitude, pov- slave labor in Africa. Liberia is now under scruerty, ignorance, vice, and misery; that civil govern- tiny by the League of Nations because of unment can be made ~he democratic agent of the com- savory reports of slavery in that Black Republic. munity for the impartial promotion of the welfare of There is also contract labor in Portuguese Africa all the people; that disagreements among groups, and other parts of the continent; this is degradclasses, and nations can be adjusted peaceably; that the cooperative commonwealth is practicable on a ing and inhuman. To clear forests, build roads world-wide scale. and railways, to work in mines or till the soil, Such faith is inherent in the acceptance of Jesus thousands of men and women are taken from Christ as the exponent of the true way of life. It their homes and compelled to work for less than glows with the love of Christ for humanity. Its sym- it costs to live in decency. The inhuman exploitabol is the Cross. tion brings misery, disease and moral and physi- The findings of the new "technocracy" are be- cal disaster. Thus many tribes are ruined and ing studied by economic and social experts in an families are blotted out. In some districts forced attempt to solve unemployment, overproduction labor means practically slavery.

and faulty distribution problems in this machine The Committee on African Welfare plans to age. Some of the technocracy group go so far study the problems affecting native peoples of as to say that if we are to absorb the output of Africa from the standpoint of social and economic modern factories where the electric eye, the robot progress and human rights; they will advise with and other machines are taking the place of hu- other groups interested in promoting the welfare man labor, then the hours of employment may of primitive peoples and will make public the in- be reduced to one or four days a week or two to formation gathered on the subject.

four hourf'l a day. Thif'l would mean a tremen- But there are other human slaves-not all so

classed. These are the prostitutes of Japan and TASKS FOR A UNITED CHURCH other lands who are slaves of human lust. They have no liberty because they cannot buy their Organic union is less effective than spiritual freedom. There are economic slaves in Europe and America who are compelled by hunger to unity. There is room enough for individualism work for a pittance and have no freedom to enjoy life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Among and varied activities in any church or group of these are multitudes of child workers whose impoverished or cruel parents compel them to labor churches. The unity required is that which cenand then absorb the meager fruits of their hard service. Even employed workers are fortunate if ters in loyalty to Christ and cooperation in His we do not all become slaves of economic conditions and of the machine age which keeps men service. At Indianapolis (December 6-9) the grinding away at materialistic tasks, with no spiritual eyesight, like Samson, following a tread- Federal Council of Churches held its Quadrenmill existence without making progress. But the worst evils come from the fact that everywhere nial Meeting and considered the tasks which conmen and women are still in the slavery of sinbound by chains of desire and of habit. Today front the united Protestant Church of America America is threatened by the domination of gangsters, of bootleggers, of unprincipled politicians today. Dr. Arthur W. Beaven, President of Coland plutocrats. Not ready to learn from past experience, the legislatures are preparing again to gate-Rochester Divinity School, was elected preslicense the manufacture and sale of soul and body destroying intoxicants which take away self-con- ident to succeed Bishop Francis J. McConnell. trol and bring inebriates under slavery to lust, dishonesty, insanity, and murderous passion. This Quadrennial Meeting was significant be- What is the way out of this human slavery? cause of the plans made for reorganization in the The condition was even more prevalent and more recognized in the days when Christ was on earth. interest of relating the Council more closely to He came "to proclaim liberty to the captive," and said clearly, "If the son shall make you free-ye the constituent denominations. These plans inshall be free indeed." If men are to be set free they must be liberated from the control of lust for clude the following: gold and power and slavery to personal appetite. Real slavery is spiritual rather than physical. 1. The Council is to meet every two years, instead Let Christ rule in Japan and there will be no li- of every four. This is to secure closer oversight and censed quarter and no vice in the home. Let larger exercise of responsibility by the official repre- Christ rule in China and domestic slavery will be no more. Let Christ rule among Arabs and the sentatives of the denominations. The size of the greed for gold and for enlarged harems will be Council is reduced, each denomination being entitled taken away; let Christ rule in Africa and men and women will work without compulsion to de- to three members with an additional member for every velop the earth and will receive a living wage. 100,000 of its communicants. Let Christ rule in Europe and America and truth, justice, purity and brotherly love will drive out 2. The Executive and Administrative Committees the desire to exploit humanity for the sake of are combined as the Executive Committee, to meet "filthy lucre." monthly. Each denomination is entitled to two mem- bers on this Committee with an additional member for "Whosover commits sin is the bondservant of every 500,000 communicants after the first 500,000. sin." Men are set free from the domination of sin and selfishness as they are drawn into the 3. All members, both of the Council and of the Exservice of Christ and stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ has made us free. It is not ecutive Committee, are to be named directly by the necessary again to be entangled by the yoke of bondage-to forms and ceremonies, to passions denominations. There are to be no coopted members. and love of gold and material things, to fear or favoritism. The freest people in the world are 4. The commissions and committees are reorganized the voluntary hond-Rlaves of Jesus Christ. into eight departments,-Field, Evangelism, Research and Education, Social Service, Race Relations, Inter- national Justice and Goodwill, Relations with Churches Abroad, Radio. There is to be also a Committee on W<lrl!.hill.

5. All departments and committees are to be ap- pointed by, and under the direcUon of, the Executive Committee. .

Social Ideals and Personal Religion Another center of interest was the stateme.nt of revised "Social Ideals." These ideals deal pri- marily with the meaning of the Christian Gospel for our economic and industrial life, but add sec- tions on problems of race, world peace, rural life, and the family. The section on Marriage and the Hom'e, particularly the part relating to informa- tion about birth control by physicians and other qualified persons was referred to the Executive Committee for further study and report.

There was also emphasis on the basic necessity of personal religion and Christian faith. No fewer than five speakers dealt trenchantly with this question. Larger Christian Unity was the subject of the farewell address of BiRhop McCon- nell as preRident of the Council.

Appraisal of the

An attempt at a lust Review of the Report of the Appraisal Commission of the Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Author of "The Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions," etc., etc.

OUR first desire ought to be and is to ex- in which the Commission tried to consider the press hearty appreciation of the purpose work of foreign missions. The Commission and spirit of this Inquiry and Report and sought "to be thorough in its inquiry and objec- of the unselfish devotion of time and effort which tive in its attitude" and "to consider always the it represents. It was undertaken and has been greater interest rather than the lesser, the good carried through with the highest motives and of humanity rather than the growth of a special with the earnest intent of advancing the mission- movement." (Report, p. 3.) ary cause in its efficiency on the field, and of en- This was the right method for the Commission listing at home a far larger body of laymen in in its study of missions and it is the right method its adequate support. There ought to be no ques- for all of us in the study of the Commission's tion of motive or purpose raised with regard to Report. Our only question should be, Is this a this able and friendly criticism of the work of just and true Report? If not, wherein does it foreign missions. And likewise there should be err? If in other matters it does not err, what no such question raised in the case of criticism help can we derive from it? Missionaries and of this criticism. Missionaries and missionary missionary administrators are not holding jobs.

administrators ought to welcome this review of They are spending their lives and they want to them and their work with no reference to motive spend them in the wisest and most fruitful way.

or intentions, except gladly and unreservedly to The Criticisms of Missions acknowledge that both the Inquiry and the Re- port have been animated by the highest and the Let it be said at once that there ought to be no worthiest purpose. Likewise those who must sensitiveness at all on the part of Missions and now appraise this appraisal must not be charged Boards with regard to their being passed under with prejudice or obstinacy if they find things the severest criticism. The Report begins with from which they must dissent. They must be the recognition of the fact that this has been the credited with the same sincerity and open-mind- lot of Protestant missions since they began. In- edness and right purpose with which they gladly deed it was the lot of St. Paul at the outset. And credit others. modern missions were launched against an ocean Some of those engaged in this Inquiry and Re- of criticism both within and without the Church.

port are among one's best and dearest friends, Never during their history have foreign missions who have been known and loved for many years, been free from scrutiny and appraisal. They but the matter to be considered is not concerning have not asked to be. On the contrary, if I may the devoted persons engaged in the Report but repeat words written many months before the the Report itself. The Report is an objective Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry was first document, now printed and copyrighted in final suggested: form, and it is to be studied and judged for what "The foreign mission enterprise criticizes itself far it is and as it stands. Interpretations and quali- more within than it is criticized without. There could fications, such as were offered at the Conference be made with little difficulty a list of reports, books on November 18 and 19 (to which reference will and articles by missionaries and missionary adminis- be made), will not reach the tens of thousands trators which deal far more radically and intelligently of persons to whom the Report and the publicity with the problems of missions than the critics have done from without. Noone ever dealt more vigor- releases will have gone. It is these documents ously with the problem of the relation of missions and and the judgments contained in them that alone education than Rufus Anderson, or of missions and are to be considered and they ought to be con- subsidies that John L. Nevius, or of missions and sidered in the same unflinching and objective way economics than A. G. Jones, or of missions and gov- [7]

ernments than R. N. Cust, or of missions and society fact the financial response from the laymen was than J. C. Gibson, or of missions and national char- negligible and the Inquiry was carried through, acter than Guido Verbeck and Samuel A. Barnett, or not as a great and widespread movement of layof missionary administration than S. J. Clark. The men, but by a very small and devoted group. In foreign mission movement is full of shortcomings. It this it was in the true line of foreign missions must inevitably be. Its central idea becomes con- which has always been a small minority movefused. The great religious and theological convictions ment, a few individuals leading and seeking to back of it become relaxed or distorted. Its best agents inspire and carry the rest. realize most their inadequacy. And all of its agents are not the best. But so far as it is genuine and true And the Report itself is not really a laymen's it will go on, and criticism will help it and not hurt it. Report. A full third of it is a careful discussion It will winnow and clarify, and while it may cut down of the theological and religious and psychological the volume of support, especially the unjustified criti- basis of foreign missions, written by two of the cism that goes on within the Church and among the ablest and most justly respected philosophers of Christian people who ought to be supporting missions, our country. Three of the fifteen members of all this will be beneficial. Foreign missions have al- the Commission were ministers and three were ways been a small minority cause, and will continue ,so. women. Only three members would class with The worthwhile causes live by their worthwhileness, the type of business laymen to whom the newsnot by majority commendation. papers and the popular impression attribute the Report. Is It a Laymen's Report? All this does not discredit the Report or affect The special elements of significance in the criti- our judgments about it, which must be absolutely cisms of this Appraisal Commission's Report are objective. The Report is the Report and it is its friendly intent, its comprehensiveness, its with it alone that we have to deal. It is very deserious and persuasive presentation, the gravity sirable, however, that we should approach it and of the fundamental issues which it raises and the deal with it on a basis of absolute truth and realextraordinary publicity which has been organized ity as to how it originated and what it represents. for it. As a matter of fact, the "laymen" idea can be easily overdone. It is overdone in such state- Before we go on to study the Report there are ments as the one made on November 18, "It is two or three matters which deserve comment. we laymen who furnish the money." Most of First, in the interest of absolute truth and real- the money comes from women, and in many ity we should examine the impression that this is churches the largest individual donor is the pasa laymen's report and that it represents a great tor. Churches can be named where almost the body of lay concern which undertook the move- whole contribution is from the minister and his ment spontaneously because, as stated at the wife. There is no more infallability or authority meeting on November 18 and 19, "Things were in the views of laymen than in the views of any not right on the foreign field. There were omi- other class. And it does not matter whether the nous rumors. The Boards themselves did not Report was produced by laymen or by theologians seem to know how to direct the work under their or philosophers or women. It must be taken for care." It was stated also that as soon as the what it is and considered as a serious and honest idea of the Inquiry was broached by one denomi- appraisal by sincere and honest and capable men national group "the other denominations came and women. The only relevant question is, how and asked, why can't we join the enterprise?" far is it right and how far is it wrong? The Report itself states the matter more accurately. Members of the other denominations Why the Publicity Releases? were invited and urged to join, and in some cases were persuaded only with difficulty because of The other matter regarding which in all hontheir doubt as to the timeliness of the undertak- esty a word should be said is the "publicity reing, only two years after the Jerusalem Council, leases." When the first copies of the Report were and as to the character and value of the investi- placed in the hands of the Boards in September, gation proposed. Later when the Inquiry Com- after the meeting in Mohonk at which the Committee was constituted, consisting of seven groups mission presented its Report formally to those of five members each from seven denominations, members of the Inquiry who were present, they the real activity was undertaken by a small ex- contained the assurance and admonition that the ecutive committee of seven, and the actual burden Report was to be held confidential until Novemwas borne by a still smaller number. An earnest ber 18, when the Commission expected to present effort was made to enlist a large number of spon- the Report formally to members of the Missionsors, partly to help finance the Inquiry and partly ary Boards. The Mission Boards scrupulously in hope that when the Report was made it might observed this requirement. The Inquiry did not lead, with their support, to a great revival of the do so. It gave as its reason for the enormous Laymen's Missionary Movement. As a matter of

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

publicity campaign which was launched, that it appointed by the Boards. This was the only was desired to awaken public interest and secure form in which the matter ever came before some the wide reading of the full Report when it should of the Boards. The few laymen who were guid- appear. It would seem that the only possible ing it, however, decided that it was better to ethical corollary should have been to release the carry it forward in complete independence of the Boards from the prohibition which the Inquiry Boards, and this was done. The confusion as to had ignored. This was not done and the Boards the scope of the Report is over the question as to were in consequence obliged to be silent when whether the representations and recommenda- their constituents were demanding why they tions of the Report relate only to the missions made no explanation of their position under the of the seven denominations to which the members flood of criticism, and demanded change in the of the Inquiry belong or if they apply to other releases. denominations and also to the missions of other These releases were limited to actual quota- nationalities. It was said by some of the Com- tions from the Report, but the publicity agent missioners at the meeting on November 18 and used the sections most likely to arouse public con- 19 that while the commissioners had viewed other cern, and the character of newspaper editorials work than that of the seven denominations, and headlines was not always unwarranted by nevertheless the Report confined itself to them.

his selections, especially as he set in heavy-faced The Report, however, does not support this view.

type any paragraphs that might be given a sensa- The Foreword makes no mention of any limita- tional construction. tion. It says the study "was to include an objec- The publicity releases have indeed aroused tive view of the presuppositions of the entire en- great interest and also great concern. They were terprise," and was to offer recommendations re- welcomed chiefly by those newspapers which have garding "missionary activities of every sort."

been hostile to missions and by those individuals And the proposals of the Report regarding the who were already antagonistic. They have so basis of missions, policies of work, cooperation aroused a great body of the Christian constitu- and unity, evangelism, personnel, organization encies that they have frustrated their own pur- and administration, are not limited at all to the pose and have made it difficult to secure a fair missions of the seven American denominations consideration of the good elements in the Report. but affect not one whit less all missions of all na- It is interesting to note that in Great Britain, tions. It is this that gives very grave concern after the first few releases, the whole publicity to our British and Canadian missionaries and effort was suppressed by the British Missionary Boards and the large number of groups in the Societies and the British newspapers. It is in- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, teresting also to note that the whole psychology which had no relationship to the Inquiry and Re- of this approach to the Church at home is dia- port. With no voice in the matter they are as metrically opposed to the advice of the Report as deeply affected as anyone else, and the publicity to the missionary approach abroad. The first act releases were poured upon their constituencies of the Inquiry was to do the very sort of thing as elsewhere.

the Report condemns, namely, to antagonize in- The Spirit and Extent of the Appraisal stead of conciliate, to magnify variance instead As we read the Report we cordially recognize of agreement. And does the Report itself always the high mindedness of it, the beautiful literary escape this danger? statement, especially of the first four chapters, Who Was Responsible? the conscientious effort to express accurate and This fact brings to light one more confused just judgments, the ability with which so many feature of the situation which in the interest of different minds and types as the Commission accuracy and truthfulness needs to be clarified, comprise were brought into effective accord, the namely, the responsibility of the Inquiry and the positive confidence and assuredness of opinion, scope of the Report. The Inquiry has been more the courageous destructiveness combined with than once spoken of as representing the seven the purpose of construction, the fearlessness of denominations and sometimes as representing the prediction, the rich humanism, the effort at in- Boards of the seven denominations from which clusion, the unhesitating counsels of perfection, there were members on the Inquiry (Baptist, the competence with which the materials have Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presby- been admitted or discarded, the severity and the terian, Reformed Church in America, United urbanity. One must recognize also, however, the Presbyterian). The Report itself speaks twice of utter inadequacy of the time allowed for such a the "Boards cooperating in this Inquiry." colossal task as the appraisal of the most ex- Originally it was intended that an Inquiry tensive and intricate activity of the Christian should be conducted by a commission of laymen Church. The calendar indeed appears to have

been kind to the Commission, since the Report depth of background. It lacks the evidence of itself states that the Commission was able to the saturation of men's minds in the history and spend three weeks in Central China with head- life of the expansion of Christianity as a great quarters in Shanghai between March 11 and organic movement. It was stated on November March 25! If it means, however, that of three 18 that a chapter on the history of missions had weeks spent in Central China two were spent in been prepared for the Report but had been omit- Shanghai, that would signify that the Commis- ted for lack of room. It would be interesting to sion had one week for Central China and the see that chapter. The Report itself does not bear whole Yangtse Valley. the marks of sufficient first-hand knowledge of The time spent in India and Burma was three the missionary issues in the Apostolic, the medi- months. And why was Burma included and eval and the modern Church. Indeed St. Paul is Korea, racially, politically and religiously at least left out entirely of the first four chapters on the as close to Japan as Burma is to India, omitted? basis of missions except for one reference to his The whole time in China was two and a half tact at Athens (which passes over the sequel), months, at a time of great political disturbances and for the statement that he was not a "foreign limiting travel, and in Japan less than six weeks. missionary after our present pattern." But apart Only the bravest folk would venture on such a from the New Testament, there is no background responsible appraisal as this Report on the basis of appreciation of the evolution of missions or of of such an experience, unless they already had the true motives of the early missionaries, their formed convictions regarding many of the issues attitude to the non-Christian religions and their involved. Nine months would not warrant such interest in social and physical welfare as well as a Report as this unless it rests also, as it ob- in the salvation of souls. The Report defines the viously does, and as it was certain that it must, historical missionary motive as including "'a con- on broad postulates, such as the conceptions of cern for the spiritual welfare of the Orient," "a Christianity and the Church, which were carried fundamental groping toward the moral unity of to Asia and were not drawn from the observa- the world," "a regard for the inner health and tions of those nine months. truth of the existing Church" (p. 9).

Even the work of the three "Fact Finding This is not an authentic picture, especially Groups" which preceded by a year the visit of when we add to it the touches of the Report with the Commission, and whose work was submitted regard to the absorption of the early missionaries'

to the Commission for its use, could not have been thought in saving individuals souls (pp. 19, 61), so adequately exhaustive and accurate as to carry and their want of interest in economic and social the warrant of complete authority. These pre- issues. The most nearly adequate statement of liminary groups were made up of diligent and the early motive is given in the Report on careful workers and it is to be hoped that the page 35: results of their work will be made available. But The original objective of the mission might be stated a pamphlet distributed with the expressed ap- as the conquest of the world by Christianity; it was a proval of the Inquiry, at the meeting on Novem- world benevolence conceived in terms of a world cam- ber 18, stated that there were not a few men "of paign. There was one way of salvation and one only, rather small calibre" in the fact finding groups. one name, one atonement; this plan with its particular Perhaps one may say good-naturedly that this historic center in the career of Jesus must become the judgment may comfort the main body of mission- point of regard for every human soul. The universal aries of whom, as we shall see, the Report says, quality of Christianity lay not alone in its valid prin- "The greater number seem to us of limited out- ciples of truth and morals, but in an essential paradox, look and capacity" (p. 15). They and the "Fact the universal claim of one particular hi·storic fact: Finders" must console one another. the work of Christ. General principles may be rea- soned out, and perhaps proved, so that all men must As we come now to the substance of the Report accept them. But particular facts cannot be proved; there are many right and sound counsels in it they must be recognized. Hence, in respect to its and with some of these we shall deal later. And central fact Christianity was neces,sarily dogmatic- there are also some counsels, which are the major it could only say Ecce Homo, Behold the Man; and it issues of the Report, which seem to us so grave, was committed to a certain intolerance, beneficent in so unsound, so dangerous that one must speak purpose-in the interest of the soul it could allow no of them in the same straightforward and un- substitute for Christ. It came to proclaim truth, flinching manner which characterizes the Report. which is universal; but its truth was embodied in a particular person and his work.

A Lack of Missionary Background The implication is that the new objective and Before taking these matters up in detail there motive must be different. Even this, however, are three broad observations to be made. would need to be supplemented to give it full his- 1. The Report suffers from a lack of adequate toric validity, (a) by recognition of the place in

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

the historic motive of the personal love for their program. And those who were the most Christ. Even with David Livingstone in his ex- intense in their conception of Christianity as sal- ploring days this was the motive: "Shall not the vation for the individual soul for eternity were love of Christ carry the missionary where the more zealous than others who were philanthro- love of gain carries the trader1" Whether it is pists only, in the wealth of their human service.

called delusion or reality, the fact is that this and I pick out only two illustrations. They are not nothing else has been the primary element in the exceptions. They are truly representative.

historic missionary motive. One was William Carey. The missionary meth- (b) By realizing the scope and depth of the ods which he advocated included agriculture, the introduction of good cattle, and promotion of the social ideals of the early missionaries. It has conscious interests of the people. The project come to be accepted as assured fact that the which he set about accomplishing at once upon founders of the modern foreign missionary enter- his arrival in India was a mission which would prise were destitute of the social ideal. Their maintain itself upon and for the industrial life motives and aims, it is supposed, were purely in- of the community. He engaged in the manufacdividualistic and other-worldly. They were seek- ture of indigo. He made the best type and the ing to save souls one by one from a futUre doom best paper in India. He devised new methods of and had no conception of the mission of Chris- paper manufacture. He introduced the first tianity to bind men together in a purified human steam engine erected in India. He began the first society. Therefore their one method was to pre. Indian newspaper. He studied the natural hissent the Gospel orally, to the neglect of those tory of the country and began great collections forms of social service and those conceptions of and laid out experimental gardens. "Spare no human ministry which to our modern view are an pains to get me seeds and roots," he wrote to his essential part of the Gospel and an indispensable son William and names several specimens he deagency in its propagation, because without them sires. His letters are full of these matters. On words alone can neither express nor convey it. August 5, 1794, he wrote to the Society at home, Almost all of our recent missionary literature ac- "I wish you also to send me a few instruments cepts without question this view of the motive of husbandry, viz., scythes, sickles, plough-wheels, and method of the early missionaries.

The Early Missionaries and Social Service and such things; and a yearly assortment of all garden and flowering seeds, and seeds of fruit In affirming the presence in the early mission- trees, that you can possibly procure; and let aries of an intensely rigorous and solemn spirit, them be packed in papers, or bottles well stopped, modern writers are wholly right. These mission- which is the best method. All these things at aries did believe that eternal issues hang upon whatever price you can procure them, and the the relation of men to Christ. They accepted seeds of all sorts of field and forest trees, etc., I without wavering the New Testament view of the will regularly remit you the money for every significance for the world to come of human faith year; and I hope that I may depend upon the and character in this world. They believed that exertions of my numerous fri~nds to procure all men needed to be saved, and that there was them. Apply to London seedsIl}en ,and others, as none other Name given under heaven among men it will be a lasting advantage to this country; by which they might be saved, except the name and I shall have it in my power to do this for of Christ. They did seek to reach men one by what I now call my own country. – Only take care one and to secure the conversion of individuals. that they are new and dry." He founded in 1820 They did believe that the things which are seen "The Agricultural and Horticultural Society in are temporal and that the things which are un- India" and prepared its inquiries which, as Dr. seen are eternal, and they did conceive separately George Smith said, "show a grasp of principles, of Christianity and of the physical and social a mastery of detail and a kindliness of spirit fruitage which it might bear. The earnestness which reveal the practical farmer, the accomof their convictions in these respects cannot be plished observer, and the thoughtful philanthrooverstated. Without it they would never have pist all in one." One only we may quote: faced the inertia and resistance of the Church and of society and succeeded in launching their In what manner do you think the comforts of the undertaking. It would be easy to put together a peasantry around you could be increased, their health mass of testimony illustrative of the strength of better secured, and their general happiness promoted?

their grasp of the individualistic elements in This Society' became a great influence for good Christianity and of their sense of its eternal sig- in India, and later grew into three and formed nificance. the model for the Royal Agricultural Society of But the early missionaries did not lack the so- England, founded in 1838. He justified his ac- cial idea. Many· of them, indeed, over-socialized tion in these matter, "by quoting his hero, David

Brainerd, who was constrained to assist his In- about, that is not traceable in its origin to the< Chrisdian converts with his counsels in sowing their tian missionaries. I have inquired among all kinds of maize and arranging their secular concerns. people from all parts of China for such an activity of 'Few,' he adds with the true breadth of genius non-Christian origin without finding one. which converted the Baptist shoemaker into the Christian statesman and scholar, 'who are ex- The other illustration is from a home administensively acquainted with human life, will esteem trator, Jeremiah Evarts, Secretary of the Amerthese cares either unworthy of religion or incon- ican Board. In his "Address to the Christian Pubgruous with its highest enjoyments.''' He pro- lic," issued in 1812 he declares: tested against the narrowness of supporters of the work in America who had given money for It is now generally seen and felt, by those who have theological teaching which was not to be used any claim to be considered as proper judges, that for teaching science. "I never heard anything Christianity is the only remedy for the disorders and more illiberal. Pray, can youth be trained up for miseries of this world, as well as the only foundation the Christian ministry without science? Do you of hope for the world to come. No other agent will in America train up youths for it without any ever control the violent passions of men, and without knowledge of science?" the true religion all attempts to meliorate the condi- tion of mankind will prove as illusory as a feverish Carey began the great movements for the care dream. The genuine patriot, therefore, and the genuof the leper, for the abolition of widow burning ine philanthropist must labor, so far as they value the and infanticide, and for the abatement of other prosperity of their country and the happiness of the moral evils which "he opposed all his life with human race, to diffuse the knowledge and the influence a practicable reasonableness till he saw the pub- of Christianity at home and abroad. Thus will they lic opinion he had done so much to create tri- labor most effectually to put a final period to oppresumph. He knew the people of India, their re- sion and slavery, to per1idy and war, and to all the ligious, social, and economic condition as no trains of evils which falsehood, ambition and cruelty Englishman before him had done. He stood be- have so profusely scattered through the world. tween them and their foreign Government at the beginning of our intimate contact with all classes Some of the contrasts and judgments of the as detailed administrators and rulers." Carey's Report would have been modified and given a difbiography is one long record of ceasless fidelity ferent tone and proportion if those who made to his central, individual, spiritual aim at the them had been thinking of the missionary entersame time that he served society with more power prise with the kind of saturation in its organic and vigor, pouring out of this one man, than can character and tradition without which they would be found in some whole present-day governments. hesitate to be so positive in the sphere of busi- And yet the Appraisal Report says, "earlier mis- ness or medicine or education or philosophy. The sionaries were quite ignorant of social programs," Report does not realize that the whole missionary etc. (p. 245), and "nowhere in these countries effort is human and natural and that a missionary have missions made any notable or significant lives as a neighbor and friend among the people contribution to the solution of social and eco- and brings his message through normal human nomic problems nor promoted a program for relationships. their amelioration except in local situations" (p. 250). A deeper background and a more organic feel- ing and a richer and more real human apprehen- Contrast this with F. W. Stevens' testimony sion would have resulted in a more evolutionary regarding China. Mr. Stevens was on the faculty approach to the problems of the Report. The Reof the law school of the University of Michigan. port has been called "revolutionary." That is He went to China as the American representative hardly.true except with regard to its great basic of the Banker's Consortium, with no knowledge proposal, which the Report itself declares· must of and no special sympathy with the missionary supplant the old basis. Apart from that, the movement. He said in a public address in Peking: recommendations are not so novel or radical, but they are presented with what the Report itself I have come to believe that America's greatest con- declares to be a wrong psychology. Instead of tribution to China, greater even than American politi- building them into, the Report would build them cal friendship is the work of the American Christian instead of, what is. It would get rid of the people missionaries in China. This statement may indicate who alone are doing the work and would replace the importance I attach to the need of moral regenera- them with others of a different type and motive, tion which must precede any great political and in- on the bold assumption (which is untested and, dustrial improvement. In all China there is not a we believe, unfounded) that the others will be single organization on a scale of importance that aims available, and that the present ones who are to be at moral improvement or that is calculated to bring it relieved as unsatisfactory will await their supe- rior successors and then retire. It handles a great organic movement as though it were a piece of

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

administrative mechanism, with inadequate imag- anywhere. They have supported and served the inative realization of human reactions. A richer Red Cross. They have been cooperators and "feel" for life and reality would have given a dif- often the chief administrators in famine relief.

ferent cast and tone to the Report. But the Commission's Report insists that the only A Lack of Comprehensiveness kind of missionary work that is entitled to sup- port is work according to the Commission's "own 2. The Report, as so often happens, while dis- type of thought and practice" !

approving exclusivism and partisanship is itself, The seriousness of the counsel sent out in the re- it is to be feared, exclusive and partisan. At the leases, and not really modified in the final Report, outset it deprecates "promoting one's own type of cannot be exaggerated. The public has been ad- thought and practice," (p. 4) and later it speaks vised that mission work is not entitled to con- sharply of the "trail of self-interest within the tinued support in its present form and on its pres- organization" which "lies like a sinister shadow ent basis. Even if this work were to be discon- over many phases of mission work." "Sinister tinued and replaced by work on the basis and of shadow" was "serpent" in the original and in the the form advocated by the Commission, the change releases, but has been softened in the printed should be gradual and evolutionary. But the Re- Report. And yet the Report itself is not less port sweeps off the board all that now is, "these positive and self-assertive. missions as a whole." Of course, the Commission At the beginning it declares that while much intended nothing of the sort. It later names spe- mission work excites no feeling of approval, there cific enterprises deserving larger support. Its are still "beginnings of good work which it would members wish the work to accept the changes they be a pity not to continue and develop," "arousing propose, and then to go on. But they have used in the observer a perpetual wish for more funds language, printed in heavy type and underlined so that it might be done better." These are (the only passage so underlined) in the releases, cautious words, "beginnings of good work," "be which means nothing less than advising the dis- done better." The members of the Commission continuance of further support of the existing in reality feel a far warmer glow than this and foreign mission work. This is not breadth and when they speak, speak with an enthusiasm inclusion.

which is too much repressed in the Appraisal. Must the Whole Report Be Accepted? The Report goes on to say that of this good work which is beginning but might be done better, as 3. The text of the Report makes the grave is undoubtedly true of all the good work of the error, which we must all seek to correct, of requir- world, "there is enough to bankrupt Christen- ing that all shall be taken or none. This is unwise dom." Then the Report adds the significant tactics, and happily at the meeting on November words: 18 it was made clear by the Commission that it There is in this fact, however, no ground for a did not wish the Report to be considered as a renewed appeal for the support, much less for the en- closed unity which the Boards and Missions need largement, .of these missions as a whole in their pres- not consider at all unless they were prepared to ent form and on their present basis. This Commission accept it in its entirety. But if we were to be makes no such appeal. In our judgment, there is not bound by the character of the Report we could not alone room for change, there is necessity for change, deal with it thus. It declares that the work must in respects which our report will indicate; and the be changed in the respects which the Report indieffecting of such change should be the condition for cates and that "the effecting of such change should every further ,enlargement of the enterprise (p. 5). be the condition for any further enlargement of The words;"as a whole" have been added to the the enterprise." Repeatedly in the book the spe- original Report and to the releases, but they cific recomn;t€ndations made are bound to the pro- change nothing. The statement was plainly made 'i>osals for a' change in the theological basis and and is now made permanent, that there is no room the establishment of a centralized administration for any missionary work except that which will (pp. 5, 152, 163, 279, 310, 312, 315, 321, 329).

accept the basis and form recommended in the In commenting on the Educational Commission Report. There are also some severe references to China in 1915, of which Dr. Burton was chair- later to the independent and "faith missions" man, the Report states, in its insistence upon edu- which appear to imply that in the Commission's cational consolidation: "Here again the futility of judgment there is no room for them (p. 85 f.). recommending concentration, without conferring Is this the principle of tolerance and inclusion? upon some competent and disinterested person or The missionary agencies which rest on the evan- group of persons the actual authority to carry it gelical basis and hold the evangelistic aim have out, is painfully apparent" (p. 171). This state- never sought to exclude any forces which in hu- ment is not altogether clear. The Appraisal Re- man sympathy and good will would work for men port recommends concentration. But it says such

recommendation is futile unless the power to ef- involved and who will be stirred, as they have alfect it is actually conferred. Has the Commission ready been stirred, to know whether their Boards done this or can it do it? If not why is the recom- accept or reject the proposed basic philosophy of mendation of concentration made? It does not Missions and of Christianity. say that the recommendation of concentration should be accompanied by the recommendation of The Proposed New Basis of Missions the conferring of power, but that it must be accompanied by the actual conferring of power. What is this proposed basis? The Report itself indicates that is is fundamentally different from This is incidental, however. The essential point the old and that only work built on the new basis is that the Report is self-frustrating in its present can be approved. The Report names Jesus, with form. It ties all of its recommendations to two Buddha and Mohammed, as one of the great majer proposals, both of which, whatever we may founders of religion who have been teachers of think of them on their merits, and we shall come men; who have "spent themselves speaking to to that, are impossible. The Churches, with one their own people and have left behind them an imor two barely possible exceptions, will not accept pulse which has moved on steadily across boundthe proposed change in theological basis, and they ary after boundary" (pp. 6, 7). "Through Jesus, cannot accept the suggested overhead autonomous and through such wills as His, God works" (p. control, unless there should be some Boards which 58). It describes as the old view the idea that cannot go on and which might welcome such an "there was but one way, the way of Christ" (p. 8). opportunity to give up their work. It is unfortu- The business of missions is not to "transmit the nate that no one on the Commission brought it letter of doctrine" but to "fulfill the religious life into contact with these hard realities and coun- of the Orient" (p. 16). What Christians believe to selled it to say what it wished to say on these sub- be the authentic historic facts of the New Testajects in less imperative ways, and especially in ment appear to be regarded as the "symbolical ways that would make it easy and not difficult to and imaginative expression" of Christianity (pp. consider the recommendations, many of them 19, 52). We are to consider ourselves not as the sound, on other subjects. bearers of a definite message but as "brothers in a common quest" with the non-Christian religions The Theological Basis (p. 31). We are to find and "stand upon the com- mon ground of all religion" (p. 33), "to recognize It is time to turn to the two central issues of and associate" ourselves "with whatever kindred the Report, the recommendations regarding the elements there are in the non-Christian religions" basis and the administration of Missions. At first (p. 33). The new objective must take the place of sight it may seem incongruous that a Laymen's the old, which was "the conquest of the world by Missions Inquiry should deal first, and for nearly Christianity" (p. 35). The Christian Church must a third of its space, with the theological basis. not do what the early Church did, "aim at de- Indeed some of the laymen of the Inquiry have stroying or displacing the whole structure" of realized so little the importance and significance other religions (p. 40). The only mention of the of this section that they have been impatient to New Testament is in the strange sentence, "The hear it discussed and have not seen why it could final truth, whatever it may be, is the New Testanot be ignored, or accepted for what it is, and as ment of every existing faith" (p. 44). Christianfar as it goes, with the assurance that anyone can ity and the other religions must join in a common add as much more as ,he wants to at this point quest for truth and experience which are not offor himself. But on second thought any reflecting fered in any final and absolute way in Christianperson will understand that Dr. Hocking was en- ity. The missionary "will look forward not to the tirely right when h~ said that the religious and destruction of these religions but to their contheological basis is the primary and essential tinued co-existence with Christianity, each stimuthing. It is one of the great merits of the Report lating the other in growth toward the ultimate that it discerns and declares this, even though goal, unity in the completest truth" (p. 44). "It later chapters deprecate the very thing which would be difficult to point out anyone general these opening chapters enforce. And it is well principle (in Christianity) which could not surely that the new basis proposed should have been set be found nowhere else" (p. 49). "The relation beforth so clearly and competently by such high- tween religions must take increasingly hereafter minded and able scholars as Professor Hocking the form of a common search for truth" (p. 47). and Dr. Rufus Jones. The importance of the pro- And the aim of missions is defined thus, "To seek posals here made cannot be exaggerated and they with people of other lands a true knowledge and cannot be passed over. For anyone layman who love of God, expressing in life and word what we will not put his mind on them or who thinks them have learned through Jesus Christ and endeavorof minor importance, there will be ten laymen in ing to give effect to His spirit in the life of the our churches who will clearly understand what is

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

world" (p. 59). Note here, "religion" is dropped reality some members of the Commission hold the and "people" substituted, which is a very differ- second or third who do not hold the first. And the ent idea. Report is written in terms of the second and the Some Serious Omissions third and not at all of the first. In later passages There is much noble statement of some of the it is made plain that while many Christians beintellectual ideas of Christianity and there are lieve in Jesus as in a unique sense the "Son of frequent references to rich and abundant life and God" or the "Incarnation of God," and hold faith to the spirit of Christ, but it is made clear that in His Miracles and Resurrection, and that "into what is original is not the ideas that are found in the Person of Jesus, as the central symbol as well Christianity but the way in which they are com- as the central historic reality of this faith, Chrisbined (p. 49), that life is construed in humanistic tians are prone to compress its entire meaning" this-world terms, and that the spirit of Christ is (pp. 51, 56, 58), the Report desires "to use the not the Holy Spirit of the New Testament, who is privilege of laymen in avoiding as far as possible nowhere mentioned. And in general the theologi- the language of the unexplained symbol," and to cal basis is the basis of the old Protestant liberal- separate Christianity from the terms of the hisism which has been already superseded in Eu- toric Christian doctrine (p. 52). All these matrope by a deep evangelical wave. It is a basis ters are regarded as simply differences of conwhich passes over the ideas which give power both ception. "Beneath them are underlying agreeto evangelicalism and to the Roman Catholic faith. ments, belonging to the essence of Christianity" Nowhere is there any mention of prayer or of the (p. 56). "We need look forward to no time when supernatural forces of the Gospel. the authentic spirit of Christ, if freed from ham- pering organizational purposes, will be an unde- Christianity is conceived as the life and teach- sired visitor in any land. It can be recognized by ing of Jesus and as our thoughts of God and life non-Christians as well as by Christians, which is based on this life and teaching. The Report not one reason for suggesting that such representaonly does not commit itself to the position of the tives should be selected in part by invitation" (p. New Testament and of the faith of the Church 26,cf.John1:1l; 18:40; 19:6; Acts 16:22-24). with regard to the Deity of Christ and the mean- ing of His death and the great facts of the Incar- Christ and the N o'n-Christian Religions nation and the Resurrection, but it makes it clear that the Report is not based on this position. In Now this construction of Christianity and of the Foreword occurs this statement: its relation to non-Christian religions and this conception of Christ and His person, place and To some of our members the enduring motive of nature as a teacher and example and spirit, with Christian missions can only be adequately expres-sed no avowed acceptance of Christ as God or as Reas loyalty to Jesus Christ regarded as the perfect deemer or Saviour, and with no witness to the revelation of God and the only Way by which men meaning of His Death and the significance of His can teach a satisfying experience of Him. To others, Resurrection, are not possible for the Churches this motive would best be called the spirit of altruistic which hold still the great creeds, or even the service, the desire to share with all mankind the bene- fits and the ideals of a Christian community. To still ,Apostles' Creed, or which base themselves on the others, it would best be named the de-sire for a deeper New Testament. The unique meaning of Christ knowledge and love of God, seeking with men every- as the Son of God and the Divine Saviour is to where a more adequate fulfilment of the divine possi- them the very essence of Christianity. That was bilities of personal and social life. what Christianity was. Its simple confession was "Jesus, the Son of God, is Lord." It is so still. These views are not mutually exclusive: no one Christianity is not for us the life and teaching of statement is likely to exhaust the aim of a great Jesus only, or man's thought of God, or man's enterprise. In so far as the differences are those of search for God. For us Christ is still the Way language, some prefer the words which unite the pres- not a way, and there is no goal beyond Him or ent with the earlier language of the Christian world. Others desire to avoid the language of tradition, not as untrue, but perhaps as obscurely figurative or sym- apart from Him, nor any search for truth that is bolical, and for this reason an obstacle to the spon- to be found outside of Him, nor any final truth to taneous recognition of the majesty of that Figure to be sought by a universal religious quest except it whom men's thoughts return as by a natural instinct be sought in Him who is the Way, the Truth and of the heart (p. 14). the Life.

This statement, it has been frankly said, was Moreover Christianity is not what Jesus taught included to satisfy the members of the first group alone, it is what He did as Saviour, by His Life referred to who were not satisfied to concur in and Death and Resurrection. All this is not to us the Report otherwise. But the statement is in- obscurely figurative (p. XV) or "unexplained correct that "these views are not mutually exclu- symbol" (p. 52). It cannot be left out because the sive." The truth is they are not inclusive. In words which alone can explain or communicate it

have been often used. It is not to us a set of Lord. Recent experiments which might easily archaic ideas remote from real life, phraseology be cited are sufficient demonstration that some- unrelated to vital present-day experience, "the thing more than and different from the view of stiff and hardened phrases in which the living Christ and of Christianity represented here is es- faith of the Founder seemed to be stifled" (p. 83). sential to call forth the sacrifice and steadfastness The only truly authentic Christianity there ever without which no great unselfish and continuing was or ever will be is the Christianity that is both missionary work will be done. And back of all Jesus, the historic Son of Man and Son of God, is the witness of nineteen centuries of Christian and the Eternal Christ, the risen and ever-living history.

Master and Lord. The question of the right relations of Christi- The view of Christianity which the Churches anity to the non-Christian religions is too great believe to be true is that it is not a religion in the to be treated here. But long, long ago the theory sense of the non-Christian religions. It is not a and practice of Christian missions settled upon search of man for God. It is God's offer of Him- principles not comprehended in the Report. It re- self to men in Christ, who was not a fellow seeker veals no adequate first-hand knowledge of the with us after God, or a founder of a religion like real corporate attitude of the missionary move- Buddha or Mohammed, but "the fulness of the ment to the ethnic faiths. These principles can Godhead bodily." Our churches believe in Christ be briefly stated: Christianity should be pro- as a wholly unique Person. They include in their claimed in a simple positive message by words and view of Him and of Christianity all that the Re- deeds transfused with love. It should recognize port includes but a great deal more and they be- joyfully all the good in the non-Christian reli- lieve that the essential and important part is in gions and build upon it. It should not attack or this "great deal more." They believe that the deride the non-Christian religions, nor should it motive and power are not in man but in Christ slur over or ignore their points of difference from and that the view of human nature implied in the Christianity. It should make no compromises, Report, namely that it is capable in itself of con- but anticipate the absolute triumph of Christ as stant progress and improvement and of advancing acknowledged Lord and Saviour. It should wel- to the goal, is not a true view of human nature or come all transformations of the thought of non- in accord with the reality of human experience Christian peoples which bring it nearer to Chris- and the chastened conviction of mankind. tianity. It should perceive and hold fast the truth The comedy and the tragedy of life are both of its own uniqueness. It should .welcome any deeper, it seems to us, than the philosophy of the contribution to a fuller understanding of its own Report. This view of the Christian Church seems character. Everyone of these principles is old to us no more symbolical or imaginative than the and familiar in missionary policy.

conception of the Report of "life," "richer life," The Report accepts without adequate critical etc. These cannot mean simply better crops for examination the view presented at Jerusalem in farmers and more decent homes. They mean in- 1928 and inadequately examined there, namely, visible and spiritual values. The Church holds, that Christianity should make common cause and regarding the facts of Christian history and the partnership with non-Christian religions against conceptions of its Christology, that they are the secularism. There is a great deal more involved springs of reality and life, of all true and funda- here than appears and than can be discussed now, mental good here and hereafter, that they produce and I must be content simply to quote a striking the philanthropy and human service, and that statement by an able Methodist missionary in without them the ideals and energies of rich and India, the Rev. J. W. Pickett, at the meeting of abundant living thin out and die away. the Foreign Missions Conference of North Amer- It is a profound mistake to think that the re- ica in 1930: placement of this conception of Christianity and Of all the fine things that we have heard from the of Christ by the proposed view will vivify the mis- two speakers this morning, I am, I am sure, most sionary enterprise and supply it with new motive grateful for the declaration of Dr. William Adams and power. This is not the view of Christianity Brown that we must meet the challenge of humanism which is to command the youth of the world. in the same spirit of sympathy in which the Jerusalem Conference viewed the great ethnic religions. Out of It has already turned from it. Such ideas have India I have been compelled to feel very keenly that prevailed once and again since the end of the first many of the declarations that are being made with recentury, but the proposed reconstruction of Chris- gard to humanism and the whole wide range of secutianity has never launched and maintained a sin- larism have hardly been fair. There have been suggesgle mission. Individual missionaries may have such tions that it isencumbent upon the Christian forces to views but they and their work are borne along on unite with the forces of other religions to crush secuthe momentum of an unique collective faith in larism. The fact is that secularist forces, as I meet Jesus Christ as the One and sufficient and Divine them in India, are more akin to us in spirit and in

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

program than the forces of organized religion with of the Lord of utter Love and Truth. Is our which we are in contact there. Many of the very finest orthodox speech inseparably bound always to pure spirits of India have been driven into secularism by love and efficient help to human lives? Are our the abuses of religion, and I feel that it is wrong to words made flesh? Is our New Testament faith call the Christian forces to any alliance with those always transfused with the New Testament tenforces against which these fine spirits are in revolt, derness? Have we always before our eyes the in order to crush them. Lord of the smoking flax and the bruised reed? Can we who believe we hold the "sound doctrine" Call attention certainly to the dangers of that secu- in trust abide the test, "The tree shall be known laristic outlook, but let us not be unfair to those peo- by its fruits?" We must answer these question8 ple, as I feel and as I know that some others in India not to any critics or commissions but to our only are feeling, we have been unfair in some of our dec- Lord and Master. We should be thankful to this larations. Report or aught else that drives us back in hu- mility and trust to Him. More than that, let us not ally or seem to ally Christianity with the forces that have been guilty of oppres- An Impracticable Plan of Administration sion. I feel we can do nothing that will more definitely check Christian progress in India than to say to The other main proposal of the Report is that India or seem to say to India that Christianity is in the Mission Boards should continue as promoalliance with all religious forces, for India is awake tional agencies to gather funds but that the entire today to the evils that some of these religious forces administration of these funds should be in the have forced upon them. She is in revolt against them, hands of a centralized autonomous body on which and she will not think more highly of our Lord be~ there would be one or two representatives from cause we, His disciples, seek today, in our apprecia~ each assenting denomination, but which would be tion of the finer things of the ethnic religions, and in responsible to none of them nor to all of them. our repentance, shall I say, of the older attitudes that This is not a possible idea. we have taken towards those religions, to ally ourselves with them now." (1) It assumes that the donors would continue to give to such an agency operating on the motive In the matter of the truth which Christianity and methods of this Report. They would not do has to learn from the non-Christian religions, the so. Donors feel that they are the trustees of only specification given is "meditation" which their own money and they will only give it when should be learned from Buddhism where, how- it is spent as they approve and determine. One ever, it is recognized that it is overdone (p. 45). of the Commissioners on November 19 declared But while we Christians do need more practice that donors had no right to act thus, that they of meditation, it is not a new conception to Chris- should give their money and let the overhead body, tianity. The Bible and Christian biography and which knows better than they do, spend it. There devotion are full of it. As a matter of fact, as is truth in this, but only within limits. Founda- Professor Pratt has pointed out, there is nothing tions and rich individuals are adamant in deterof good in any non-Christian religion which we mining the use and conditions of their gifts. Why do not already have in Christ. "The best that the is this right for them and wrong for the individ- East has to give we might have gained from our ual of modest means who has only a little to give? own Great Teacher if we only would." Another of the Commissioners argued that the right and only possible way to accomplish some We must not leave our statement of inability changes in the national churches was to coerce to abandon the old basis of missions, however, them with money pressure. It would seem that without a recognition of the questions which the the principle differs according to the foot which opening chapters of the Report suggest to our own the shoe pinches. But in any case it is obvious consciences. to anyone who knows the great mass of the giving constituency that the present donors would The Failure of Christians not allow their funds to be passed on to the new agency. This would be not because of denomina- The report says truly, "Everywhere Christi- tional narrowness, so frequently deprecated in anity is suffering from the poverty, the rigidity, the Report (pp. 69, 72, 85, 100, "the trivialities of the inertness of the conception which Christians denominationalism," p. 208) but because of unhave of its significance; everywhere Christians certainty as to the evangelical basis and evanare called upon to search the sources of their own gelistic purpose of the new body. faith" (p. 45). These are faithful and right words. And they turn our mind not to the non- (2) It is a mistake to think that in Christian Christian religions but to Christ. Are we really missions or anywhere else centralized monopoly apprehending Him and His power? Are we will- is a good thing. All life is cellular and it is far ing to let God in Christ work supernaturally in better to have freedom and experimentation and us today? Or is our Christianity only an idealistic ethic, on the one hand, or a dead opinion on the other? These are cutting questions which we ought to be forever asking ourselves as disciples

often individual failures than to trust everything If one saw a single navvy trying to remove a moun- to a group of such super-men as really have no tain, the desolation of the situation would be suffi- ciently appalling. Most of us have seen a man or two, ('xistpncp. Only the same kind of people would he or a hundr"d or t.wo~minfsters, missionaries, Chrisavailahle for this central hody as those who oper- tian laymen—at work upon the higher evolution of the ate great trusts and foundations and they have world; but it is when one sees them by the thousand shown themselves as prone to error and not more in every land, and in every tongue, and the mountain efficient than smaller and freer and more respon- honey-combed, and slowly crumbling on each of its sible groups. frowning sides, that the majesty of the missionary work fills and inspires the mind. (Smith's Life of (3) This scheme contemplates larger and per- manent control of foreign missions from the home Drummond, pp. 430-438.) base. We would move in the opposite direction Why could not the Report have sounded some and have the Church in each nation develop ulti- such heartening and ennobling notes as this? mately, though far away, into the sole represen- Its criticisms would have been all the more effectative of Christianity there, any further activities tive if borne on a tide of warm and appreciative of ours to be not foreign mission activities but and veracious recognition of what the foreign misservices of cooperation between the great Church- sionary, with all his shortcomings, really is and es of the East and the great Churches of the what his work, with all its deficiencies, has West. What the Report has to say, wisely, re- wrought in changing the world. This is very garding devolution and, not so wisely, of having different from the view that, in its present form the national Churches, as they are now, deter- and on its present basis, the work of foreign mismine the whole form and personnel of missionary sions is not justified in a renewed appeal for supwork, does not comport with the proposal of au- port (p. 5). thoritative and permanent American control in a centralized and irresponsible body. The Commission cannot have met personally more than a very small fraction of the mission- Before we come to the many valuable proposals aries in the Far East. Their judgment must rest of the Report regarding the various forms of on this small number, and yet the Report conforeign missionary work there are three other im- demns the "greater number" of missionaries as portant matters requiring comment. "unduly weak," who "seemed to us of limited out- What Kind of Missionaries look and capacity" (pp. 15, 16). But the Com- 1. The matter of missionary personnel. This mission did not see that "greater number." The is dealt with in two different places (pp. 15-18, standard of judgment as described on November 289-302). Here as in many other matters the 18th and 19th, in answer to questions, was a very Report balances statements favorable and unfa- high ideal standard, embodied in the words, "the vorable in a way that makes it possible to quote best or none." But no men and women with a the Report on either side of contradictory inter- sense of humor and any Christian humility will pretations of it. The newspapers and the public offer themselves for appointment under such an have had no hesitation, however, in understanding ideal. Some of the best missionaries in the world the net judgment of the Commission to be very would never have been appointed under such severe and unfavorable. Recognizing that there standards. The poor Apostles would have been are many people of only moderate ability and the disqualified from the start. "The best or none"

natural proportion of failures, it is nevertheless is an impossible slogan anywhere in life. The the common judgment of those who know the whole work of the world would stop under it. missionary personnel far more extensively than The best that can be had-yes-but no rule of either the Commission or the "fact-finding "perfection or nothing."

groups" that the judgment of the Commission is It was this judgment of the Report on person- not just. nel, next to the theological basis, which has Henry Drummond's ideal of true missionaries aroused most distress in our Churches. Literally, and their work was as high as the Commission's of course, the majority of the missionaries are and he said in 1890 in principle all that the Com- of limited outlook and capacity. So are the mi- mission says about quality, about specialists, nority. So are all other human beings. Surely about evolution VS. evangelism, as he puts it, the Commissioners do not know any mortal of about relations to existing truths, about "waste unlimited outlook and capacity. But the thou- and confusion," but he makes no such generaliza- sands of homes which have sent out their own tions as the Commission about the majority of children, and the Churches and colleges and uni- the missionaries as of "limited outlook and capac- versities which have sent out their best young ity," and his estimate of the quality of the people, and who know them well, have been deeply Churches is not that of the Commission, and his aggrieved at the sum total of the Commission's final opinion of the mission field as he saw it was: judgment. The sixty-one foreign missionaries

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

sent by the Presbyterian Board in 1932 were, with right fields than David Livingstone and Griffith three or four exceptions in the case of women who John? The former wanted to go to China and had specialized training, graduates of State Uni- the latter to Africa. The London Missionary So- versities and of recognized colleges, including ciety reversed their desires. Both they and the Yale, Princeton, Vassar, Columbia, Radcliffe, Bar- world have blessed God for that reversal. The nard and Johns Hopkins. Postgraduate work Report is far from saying the last word on the was taken in our best professional institutions, subject of specialists and the selection and loca- theological, medical and educational. We who tion of missionaries. Let us say again, however, know our missionaries one by one and over periods it is right in its emphasis on personnel. The real not of six weeks or three months, but ten, twenty, problem is here-at home and abroad, in the mis- forty years, are not willing to have them discred- sionary staff and in the officers and membership ited all over the world as they have been by the of missionary boards, and in Church and college releases and the Report. We know the hundreds and business, indeed, even in committees and com- whom the Commissioners and the fact finders missions. Where is the Apostle Paul among us, never saw, many of whom are lost in the life of or Patrick or Columba or Boniface, or Raymond the people whom they serve like that missionary Lull, or Francis of Assisi? Where is the "faith in Japan of whom a Japanese was asked as he that rebels"? Who will break through all our passed on the street, "Who is that foreigner?" present conventions of method and process? Who The Japanese replied that he did not see any will kindle again the ancient fires? Let these· foreigner. "Why, yes, there he is." "Oh," was burn again and consume what they will.

the answer, "that is not a foreigner, that's Dr. Criticism of the Churches of Asia Norman." We know the failures and the misfits too and our ever-present problem is how to deal 2. The place of the Church. The Report thinks with them in the wise and Christian way. Alas, a the missionaries of the past were wrong in their full proportion of these failures and misfits are conceptions both of the place of the Church and among those who pass the highest tests and most as to the method of establis.hing it. They should nearly conform to the standards of the Report. not have tried to detach people from the old re- The Report does not solve the problem of how to ligions or their old social and religious rootage get the best men and women, the really best, or and environment but should have lived among of how to find specialists who are true mission- them as community servants, waiting until the aries as well. These problems are beyond our people themselves asked about their religious con- human solving. ceptions and wished to constitute themselves into The charges of narrow denominational self-in- a church integrally related to their own religious terest are surely overdone. The almost unbe- and social past (pp. 83, 101).

lievable "trail of the serpent" expression may well This is an idyllic conception. It passes lightly be forgotten. But it is not true that the Boards as the whole Report does, over the moral and are ever demanding statistical demonstrations of spiritual inertia of mankind, the dead resistance success, that they stand in the way of cooperation which the early missionaries met, the actual, ter- and unity, that all of them expect denominational rible facts of religion in these lands a century and churches to be built (pp. 85, 109, 110), that the more ago, and even today, and the "sin and indif- whole work is darkened by the "sinister shadow" ference" which, as one of the leading educators of "self-interest within the organization," (p. 17). of India remarked, are the basic facts which have Some of our Boards and Missions at least cannot to be dealt with everywhere. But of sin or moral recognize themselves in this picture. They know resistance the Report says next to nothing. The that it is not a true picture. Report sees the problem too much in terms of a This emphasis of the Report on personnel is small section of the people of Asia, the upper right. This is the central thing and all that can crust already permeated with Christian thoughts be done to raise the level of efficiency and power as a result of the old type and basis of mission- ought to be done, including better training, wiser ary work, no longer worthy of support! And it selection, larger freedom. It is a mistake to sup- has drawn its judgments too much, one fears, pose, as the Report does, that Mission Boards from conferences with non-Christian or ex-Chris- are foes of freedom, and that they impose checks tian leaders in the Far East.

and thwarts. With the rarest exceptions mis- The national and local churches which have sionaries are sent to the field of their choice and been established, with all their deficiencies, de- never to any field without their happy assent. serve a warmer judgment than the Report pre- The Report cites Morrison and Grenfell as having sents. One's thought goes out to them and to the chosen their own fields and demonstrated thus the missions in their hard struggle against such ter- desirability of such unhindered chc;>ice. Well, rific odds, as they read the Commission's discour- were ever men more unmistakably Rent to the aging eRtirnate of th~rn. What would su~h n

Commission in Paul's day have said of his little "a sectarian view" or with "the inherited divisions churches? We know what it would have said of of the Church," which do not "express the living the churches at the end of the second century, for theological issues of the present" (p. 69). It it was said pretty effectually by Celsus, who also appeals for an "Eternal Gospel" emancipated thought that it did not matter by what name God from "unalterable dogmas" (p. 83). "The standwas called among the various nations, that the ard preaching is far too doctrinal and is a comissue between Judaism and Christianity was un- plicated system of ideas instead of being a important, and that we should seek a general thrilling way of life" (p. 89). "The message has human consensus of unity in truth, "the identi- been doctrine-centered" (p. 94), "built around ties among the religions" (pp. 32, 46). These theological conceptions," "with complicated abpoor little churches of Asia are nevertheless the stract doctrines," "stereotyped patterns of docreal cells of life, however feeble and faltering. trine and static phrases which have gone dead" It is not biologically possible to establish Chris- (p. 95). Theological differences ought to sink tianity in Asia by disembodied fellowships. It into insignificance (p. 105). They are not almust come in concrete personalities, who will lowed to do so however, if a definite theological come the whole way to Christ without apology or view is urged as the only proper basis of missions self-defense, and in small groups who will pay and a central administration proposed to apply the price of clear Christian discipleship. The "the new conception of this scope and aim" (p. idea of the Report that Christianity should enter 321). Asia only as an invited guest and in the ways prescribed by Asia (it is not clear always whether The references to oral evangelism are almost in this the Report means by the Church or by the without exception derogatory (pp. 64 f, 74, 99). non-Christian religions or by the people generally) is not historically valid. Were the martyrs all And it is repeatedly urged that human service foolish suicides, who ought to have stayed away without any words at all is better evangelism. or conformed? And if it is the Church that is to decide the matter it will have to be a maturer Medical missions are declared to "represent in church than the Commission has found. If it did themselves the essentials of the Christian enterfind a Church equal to these responsibilities then prise" and their use and the use of education for it does not describe it justly in the Report. "ulterior ends," i. e., the winning of men to Christ, is challenged, (p. 199). The five aims of medical The Report is right in its insistence that the Church is too often thought of as an end and that missions which are given make no mention either the Church too often thinks this of itself and of evangelism or of Christianity or of Christ claims as a matter of right the continued support (p. 200). The work cannot be done by "evanof the Church in America. The Church with its gelization which begins and ends with preaching" sacraments, which are never mentioned, and as (p. 74) . No such disqualification is proposed with the living body of Christ, not a mere voluntary regard to medical and educational work. It is human association, is not adequately conceived by not said that "the work cannot be done by medical the Report. It is more of an end than stated in work which begins and ends with healing." Just Chapter IV, but both missions and Churches will the opposite is said. And it is held that philando well to take to heart the admonition of the thropies, hospitals and schools, which are not Report and conceive the Church more fully as an burdened with evangelistic purpose but are left to instrument for evangelization and for human render service with no "ulterior end," are welservice. comed and will be welcomed even when evangelis- tic propaganda is not and will not be (pp. 26, 70). The Place of Evangelism in Missions The contrary fact is that in some countries mis- sionary doctors and schools are not allowed at all 3. The third matter is evangelism. There is or are allowed only with increasing limitations, one clear and satisfactory statement on evangel- no matter how secular they become, while the ism: "The main contribution of the Mission has evangelist whose "authentic spirit of Christ" is been not in devising· new social programs but in stilI tied to the "hampering organizational purforming the men who do the devising. Nothing pose" of establishing a church of confessed Christherefore can displace or minimize the influence tian believers is allowed to go on with his work. of a true and well-qualified evangelism" (p. 64). And it is clearly declared "that the time has come to set the educational and other philanthropic But the Report proceeds to disapprove the em- aspects of mission work free from organized rephasis on "giving messages in words," and on the sponsibility to the work of conscious and direct doctrinal formulation of the message (pp. 64, 65). evangelism" (p. 326). This is the very opposite It continually identifies the spoken message with of the view taken in practically all of our present missions. The Lakeville Conference of the Pres- byterian Board with representatives of all itR

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

missions and national leaders in June, 1931, unan- the Report named a few of these recommenda- imously declared: tions "which taken apart from its (i. e., the Re- We believe that the Gospel is to be proclaimed and port's) theological basis, it believes to be sound, Jesus Christ to be made known, not by word or deed which represent policies and judgments which the but by word and deed; that preaching Christ and liv- Board believes to be right, and which it has sought ing Christ are not to be dissociated; that truth and and will continue to seek to carry out in the work life go together and that this union is to be effected under its care." Among these were mentioned: not by having some missionaries who only preach and other missionaries who only heal or teach but by hav- (1) The recognition in the Report of the large coning all missionaries communicate the Gospel by both tribution of foreign missions to goodwill and human deed and word. service and human unity.

(2) Its emphasis upon the need of the ablest and There is just warning here against both ex- most devoted men and women as missionaries, ·of the tremes, a merely verbal approach and presenta- intelligent understanding of the conditions of thought and life in each land and of the spirit of genuine tion which reduces the Gospel to dao-li, or mere friendship and community interest. doctrine, as has been done too often on the one hand, or mere physical or social activity, (3) Its discernment of the special importance and deeds divorced from,meaning and inward purpose beneficent influence of the work done by missionary on the other. "The Word made flesh" is the di- women. vine method, neither the Word unincarnated nor the flesh without the Word in it and through it. (4) Its insistence on the principle of self-support and genuine independence in the indigenous churches. The Report shares the view of Mr. Gandhi and (5) Its appeal for a higher type of representatives of American trade who will sympathize and cooperate Mr. C. F. Andrews against the use of philanthrop- with the missionary movement.

ic and educational and social agencies for evangel- (6) Its call for the largest possible measures of co- istic ends. But the problem will not be escaped operation and unity among all the Christian forces by emancipating these agencies from the evan- engaged in the work of foreign missions. gelistic purpose, if, as a matter of fact, they have the effect of interesting men in Christ and draw- (7) Its insistence on the desirability of reality in ing them to Him. At a recent meeting of Jewish the transfer of authority to the indigenous agencies rabbis and Christian leaders, the rabbis made it in plans of devolution. clear that they objected most to anything concealed and surreptitious. It would not to do euphe- (8) Its emphasis on the vast preponderance of rural population and the need of effort directed toward them.

(9) Its call for better religious teaching in all schools.

mize social activities under such phrases as "in (10) Its discernment of the duty of Christian mis- the spirit of Christ," or "in the name of a disciple" sions toward the great masses of men dissatisfied with (p. 214). Either they must be absolutely secu- their old religions. larly philanthropic or else openly and avowedly (11) Its insistence on the best quality of service evangelistic or else, the rabbis held, they are deceitful. It is certain that the non-Christian re- that is possible in every form of work which is done ligions will take the same view, as John Lawrence in the Christian name. and Herbert Edwardes pointed out long ago. And it is beyond doubt as to what the view of our (12) Its constant emphasis on the need of the ap- plication of Christianity to human life and relation- ships, etc., etc.

Christian Churches in America is. They are not It would be a great satisfaction to have space supporting schools and hospitals as philanthro- to go through the seven chapters on the different pies only. They are supporting them because they aspects of mission work and deal with their probelieve that when rightly conducted they make posals one by one. There are few of these that Jesus Christ, the living source of all philanthro- are new. Indeed the Commission stated on N0pies that abide, known not by deed only but also vember 18 and 19 that almost every recommenda- tion was based on some good piece of work which by word. they had seen. Some, it is true, are as idealistic Some Excellent Recommendations· as it would be to advise the consolidation of the It is a relief to turn from these somewhat crit- ten or a dozen theological seminaries in and be- ical comments, which the use of the Commission's tween New York and Boston; or to propose the own standards of objective scrutiny requires, to establishment of a single Board to coordinate and some of the many excellent recommendations of unify the thirty-eight colleges and universities the Report. I have read the Report three times of New England with their vast endowments and and marked scores of paragraphs With which one their immens~ duplication and overlapping; or to is in hearty accord. (The concrete recommenda- employ someone to prepare a completely satisfac- tions of the Report are found on pp. 114, 134, 143, tory and convincing-"the best or none"-apolo- 161 f, 177 ff, 192, 212, 249, 284, 313-321.) The getic for Christianity for use among our Amer- action of the Presbyterian Board with regard to ican students; or to require of the churches on

Fifth Avenue in New York City that they should the native ministry; in advising caution with rereform the city government. But idealistic pro- gard to the plans for a Christian University in posals are good things and it will be good for Japan and a new Christian Medical School of unimissions to be stung by the criticisms of the Re- versity grade in India; in urging the remolding port into asking whether old errors cannot be of school curricula and adapting mission schools, escaped and whether things that have seemed im- and especially theological seminaries, far more efpossible heretofore cannot be accomplished. fectively to actual social and economic conditions and to the direct service of the Church and the Self-support and Consolidation community. I think it is an error to set in opposi- tion here, things that ought to be combined. The We welcome the strong emphasis of the Report Report speaks of the danger "of subordinating on self-support in the native Churches. Its dec- the educational to the religious objective." There larations will help many missions to press this is such a danger. There is also the opposite danwith new earnestness and also to enforce the ger. No more schools should be conducted than right rule recommended and which the Lakeville the number in which both dangers are averted. Conference had already adopted, that men em- And life and words ought not to be set in conployed by Church and mission funds should not trast. Things are too often presented as conflictbe upon the boards which employ them and fix ing which should be combined as complementary. their own salaries. This will militate in some cases against other recommendations of the Re- Better Literature and Medical Work port such as native control of colleges, but it is a right rule. Missionary administrators have The Report is right in its emphasis on the need pressed this matter of self-support upon the of more effective and adequate Christian litera- Churches of India and China for years and have ture. But it is one thing to recognize the existmade themselves very unpopular with the na- ence of this problem and another thing to solve tionals in doing it. Both in China and in India it, or it would have been solved long ago, and it the idea has been maintained of the Church as a may be doubted whether it is to be solved by the "universal fellowship," not wholly unlike the idea assumption of responsibility by the Missions even urged in the Report, into whose treasury the acting through local or national boards with full richer Churches of the West would pay the funds authority committed to them. The matter is not to be drawn by the poorer Churches of the East. primarily one of organization or of finance. It is It will be a help to have the Commission's reen- one of indigenous Christian literary genius. One forcement of the sound policy of the Korean and Kagawa is worth an organization, and his output Karen Missions and of the late Dr. Nevius. There supports and distributes itself. In no count:r:y in are, moreover, valid outreachings of this policy the world can this need be met by ecclesiastical into other aspects of missionary work, which the or administrative machinery. The Churches in Commission has either not discerned or has America learned that lesson long ago. It must passed over. It is applicable also to some of the wait for the right persons and when they arrive very activities which the Report anticipates as a everything else will be easy. This is not to say permanent charge upon the West (p. 28). that a great deal more could not be done by the Christian Literature Societies than, with all their The section on education is right in urging the good work, they have yet done. It can, and they consolidation of schools and the maintenance of ought to be supported with the resources of men schools of a better quality; in supporting the and women and money they need, for the work principle of intension against extension, a prin- the field needs, which mayor may not be identical ciple for which some of us have pled for years always with what it wants. Did Italy express a and in vain, against the pressure of the men and desire for the Epistle to the Romans or Mohamwomen who were doing the actual work; in ad- medans for Pfander's "Balance of Truth" or vising either that grants-in-aid should be given India for Goreh's "Shaddarshana Darpana," or up or that the question should be held an open any of these lands for the Bible itself until it was question; in demanding a far better quality of offered to them? religious and Bible teaching in all schools, though the method proposed for achieving this is not The Commission contained two able doctors, practicable and experiments that have been made one of whom had himself been a medical missionand the better methods under way are not men- ary in China. Both are now deans of large state tioned; in urging the developing· of Christian medical schools in Iowa and Indiana. They testify teachers, although the Report does not tell how that, with all drawbacks, mission hospitals "hold it is to be done and makes no contribution to the a high place usually in the esteem of the people solution of the salary problem in the case of na- whom they serve and in spite of the overshadowtive teachers demanding so much more than the ing excellence of a very few private and governscale of support in the general community or in mental institutions, still represent in general the

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

best demonstrations of professional skill and hu- one of the greatest life insurance societies 16 per man sympathy for the ailing poor of China" (p. cent, one of the greatest university faculties 10 198). The impressions of the "clinical work of per cent, an important steel industry 30 to 100 American missions" (no suggestion here of limi- per cent, and in the dry goods organizations gen- tation to the seven denominations with members erally 25 to 100 per cent. I submitted the facts on the Inquiry) "in the Orient was in general to one of the best actuaries in the country and he one of disappointment." On the principle of "the replied: best or none," most of it would have to cease. If, A leaving rate of less than 4% per annum is amazhowever, the beneficiaries were asked their view ingly good, standing by itself. When it is remembered and their desires were followed, in most cases that a very large proportion of your staff consists of what is offered would be pled for, as immeas- married ptrsons and that in the case of such you have urably better than what alone they would have two resignations where you would otherwise have only in its place. And as a matter of fact missionary one, it will be seen that the above figure, small as it is, medical work is very seldom duplicative. Native is really inflated. I have no doubt that a study of the cause of resignation would be reassuring. doctors, qualified according to modern standards, I find from the data which you sent me last Decemwill not go into the rural districts or small places, and the Missions in India, for example, must do ber that the average term of service of those who the best they can for the 85% of the population resigned was a little over 10 years for both men and in villages with only 15% of the available medi- women combined. For men alone it was a little over cal service of the land. The Report in this sec- 11 yeals, and for women alone it was a little under ten years. Without having any definite information, I tion sets forth the view that "medicine has a place have an idea that these figures will compare favorably of its own in the Christian program and that its with the average pastorate in this country, without worth and dignity are lowered by making it sub- making any allowance for the difficulty which churche·s serve directly ends of the Mission or Church" (p. sometimes experience in getting rid of the failures 206). that sometimes occur.

The Report proceeds to speak, as the later sec- I am afraid that the member of your board who extion on personnel does, of the "excessive turnover pressed amazement at your turnover is not cognizant of missionary physicians" (pp. 206, 207). This of what is occurring in business offices gtnerally. The and difficulties in recruiting are attributed to the facts are a wonderful tribute to your organization. alleged fact that most young candidates "are more interested in a broad social gospel than in Church It may be added that the turnover is greatest doctrines" (p. 206). This is familiar language among specialists, of whom the Report advises the Boards to appoint a larger number.

throughout the Report, although the "Church Importance of Rural and Industrial Work doctrines" referred to are nowhere mentioned.

Do they include the Deity of Christ, the life eter- The Report is right in its emphasis on the im- nal that is salvation in and through Him, the fact portance of the rural and vill;:tge areas, represent- and meaning of Christ's Death and Resurrec- ing so large a majority of the Oriental popula- tion? The nearest answer to this view is that tions. Christianity at the outset under Paul went many of our Boards have more candidates who straight for the cities and the large majority of believe in these "Church doctrines" than they can missionaries today are in the cities. It is desir- send or could send even before their funds were able that, in spite of the Commission's counsel reduced, and that the turnover is least among of concentration rather than diffusion, they those who believe these doctrines most firmly. should be more scattered. The national Churches Furthermore the representation of the Report think so too, preferring that the foreign mission- with regard to turnover is not well founded. It ary should do the lonely and pioneering work, is stated as a generalization without exception. and leave the cities and the established work to But in the Presbyterian Board the facts regarding nationals, which is right even though it is some- doctors are that this Board has 94 men medical times selfishly urged. In dealing with these as- missionaries, of whom 9 have served more than pects of the Report the Commission seems not to 30 years each; 38, more than 15 years; 50, more have recognized or used adequately the work done than 10. Of the 101 men medical missionaries by Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, Dr. Reisner, Mr.

sent out in the last 25 years, 73 are still on the William Wiser and Mr. Goheen of India, who is field. doing precisely what the Commission urges, with- Taking the entire staff of this one Board, out- out, however, abandoning his evangelistic aim, as side of deaths, the annual total losses from resig- the invited adviser of the chief of the native state nation and withdrawal, which are largely for of Ichalkaranji, and that English Socrates, Mr.

health reasons, are less than four per cent of the Brayne, and many others who are not "ama- missionary staff. By way of comparison, one of teurs." The Report has not used the recent Mass the greatest New York banks reports 17 per cent, Movement Survey almost completed. That Sur-

vey will represent, one judges, a far more in- the one place where the Commission allows itself formed and sympathetic view of the Mass Move- to speak with "enthusiasm" (p. 265). Missionment and of the village church. Indeed one can ary women know well the weaknesses and inaderecognize without difficulty some of the influences quacies of their work, but we dare to say, with which shaped the attitude of the Commission to care and deliberation, that it is the best work bethe Mass Movement. In addition to the real ing done in the world today. Even poor Bible gravity of the problems of this Movement on one women deserve something better than the charhand, there is not lacking a trace of hesitancy in acterizations of the Report, and Christianity and the Church in India, on the other, which shrinks Christian missions deserve a far larger measure from the low caste load. of credit than is given, even here, for the change in the life and thought of women in India, China The section on "Missions and Industry" has and Japan. essayed a very difficult task, and if present day progressive economists prove to be unsatisfied Cooperation and Unity with it, it is not to be wondered at. The writers have sought to take a generous and objective The Report is right in its repeated emphasis view, even though thinking, as most laymen natu- on cooperation and unity, though woefully defirally do, within the limits of our economic tradi- cient in its lack of recognition of what has been tion. One heartily welcomes the summons which accomplished and of the human realities of the the chapter (whether too radical or as many problem. It stops short of organized Church think far too tame) gives to Christians, East and unity because of reasons which one cannot but West, to face the new issues without fear, and think are equally valid against centralized adto go forward. There are two comments which ministration. To some of us, they are more valid suggest themselves. against the latter than against the former. But short of both of these, there are great pos- First that we must beware of the danger of sibilities of further and larger cooperation, coeasing our conscience here at home over our utter ordination and consolidation in theological failure to solve these economic and industrial is- schools, in local and provincial and national edusues by charging the foreign missionary and the cational projects, and in much more. There are national Churches abroad with the burden of some in the foreign missions ranks who have them. The report makes this mistake more than been making this appeal for a whole generation, once by demanding of foreign missions what and longer. They are ready for every further none of the institutions or agencies or individuals step that can be taken, and they are ready on of either the Inquiry or the Commission or the principle, not because dearth of funds admon- Church at home has been able to do in America, ishes economy and cooperation. This is no with vastly greater resources and against vastly ground on which to rest the plea for unity, and smaller difficulties. If the Report's recommenda- happily the Report does not rest it here. If we tions are valid for India, why not, as one of our are to unite only because we are too poor to comreligious papers states, for Indiana? And Dr. pete, then we ought not to be trusted with more William P. Merrill of the Commission has de- money, lest we misuse it. We ought to work toclared just this point with most positive em- gether because it is the only right and Christian phasis. The responsibility for all these matters, course. he says, rests in a thousandfold greater measure on the Church at home. Transfer of Authority Second, that this section of the Report is solici- The Report is right in its insistence on reality tous that there should be room in foreign mis- in all plans of devolution (pp. 24, 143, 304-306, sions for the Socialist and the Communist. Why 328). When we transfer authority and funds we not even for the Fundamentalist? (p. 299). Sure- ought to do so honestly, and not give nominally ly the principles of religious liberty urged by the with one hand, what we hold back in fact with Commission ought to cover him too. And, in the other. There have been many true instances passing, one may raise the question of the place of devolution but they have done the least adverof parental duty or of those in loco parentis in tising. Is there not, however, a fundamental dethe matter of required religious teaching. Surely fect here in the proposals of the Commission? the Commission does not mean to question in the They contemplate a permanent, authoritative, name of religious liberty this right and duty (pp. overhead organization at home, to enforce its 140, 155, 163). will by money control. A far tighter financial and statistical control than at present is pro- Women's Interests posed. The missions and national Churches (as indicated on pages 310, 311 and in the Perhaps the most satisfactory single chapter, addresses on November 18 and 19, and in spite though not without qualifications, is the chapter of the disclaimer on page 322) are to be required on "Women's Interests and Activities." This is

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

to make financial and statistical reports, not as themselves. Will they put it into effect in the en- they determine, but as may be determined for terprises with which they are related? If the them. A meticulous and full accounting system General Electric Company, the Westinghouse is to be imposed such as the author of the paper Company, the Standard Oil Company, the United distributed with the Inquiry's endorsement on States Steel Company, the National City Bank, November 18 denounced as intolerable (pp. 310- the British-American Tobacco Company, and 312). The right policy is trust and freedom and others like them would do what the Commission true devolution, not the consolidation of all mis- recommends a new day for the Church and the sionary control in one great central foundation world would begin.

or administrative trust.

For Better Commercial Representatives The Peril of Divisiveness From among the many more sound and wise This review must be brought to an end alsuggestions, I will select but one, namely, the ap- though a score of additional reflections press on peal for a higher type of representatives of one. Of all these the central and gravest issue American trade, who will sympathize and cooper- must be faced. It is the dreadful peril of diviate with the missionary movement. The Report siveness with which this Report is charged. Into says: many missionary groups that had found without compromise a happy basis of cooperation, the Re- The Commission has observed with deep regret port has already driven a plowshare of division. that there -seems to be a great gulf fixed between most Its very principle of claim for the exclusive domi- European and American business men and the mis- nation of a changed basis and of a single centralsionaries, especially in the largest cities. Whatever ized administration is divisive (pp. 5, 318-324). may be the reasons, this is unfortunate for both. It would be a splendid thing for business men could they It has sown discontent among the denominations come to know better the missionaries and their fami- which were not involved in the Inquiry, but all lies and learn accurately about their problems and of whose work falls under the judgments of the their aims. It would also be a splendid thing for the Report. It has raised grave questions in the case missionaries if they could recruit business men not of the Canadian Churches and in the maintenance only as friends but also as trustees a-ssociated in the of the Committee of Reference and Counsel and control of hospitals and schools. The Commission saw of the Foreign Missions Conference of North many business men of high character in the Orient. America. It would be most helpful not only to the cause of reli- gion but to good relations generally with oriental peo- The Report, itself, moreover holds out the in- ple, if more American business firms would take pains timation that it may be necessary to launch some to send out as their representatives only men of the new agency: "We earnestly hope, however, that highest type. no measures will be adopted so timid and com- This statement is made only incidentally, but promising, so uncertain of meeting obvious needs, in reality there is not one recommendation in the as to necessitate the organization of new chan- Report that would work a vaster change for good nels outside of the established boards" (p. 323).

in the world if it were heeded. The greatest There are already rumors of such an organiza- single hindrance to missions has been the char- tion. What a tragedy it would be if a movement acter of part of the American non-missionary which earnestly and fervently seeks for larger representation on the foreign field. There have unity among the Churches should issue in a new been many noble exceptions, but the rule has been and rival organization either within or outside that too many non-missionary Americans not of the Churches! This would be a far worse de- only have not shared in the effort to make Christ velopment at home than the type of union of the known to the world, but have obstructed it by Churches on the field, which the Commission their example and their hostility. The right way visits with not altogether discerning criticism for a religion to spread is by the spontaneous (pp. 93, 318). If such a new agency is really efforts of its adherents. It was thus that Chris- contemplated, it is safe to predict (1) that it will tianity spread in the beginning, as Harnack has have to depend upon a few large givers who may pointed out, and not by professional missionaries. sympathize with its basis; (2) that it will not The whole missionary enterprise would be trans- command the support and gifts of the general formed in ten years if this recommendation were membership of the evangelical Churches; (3) heeded. And the great merit of this recommenda- that it will soon discover the inefficacy of the mo- tion is that the laymen can put it into effect at tives upon which it plans to rely for missionary once, without waiting for the delay of action on candidates; (4) that it will have a turnover far in the part of missionaries and missionary boards. excess of the turnover of the boards; (5) that it All the other recommendations are addressed to will have the weakness of the inadequate founda- others; this one recommendation is to the laymen tion upon which it would rest; (6) that it will

lack the sacrifice, the economy and the persistence possibility for missionaries grown up in the conditions of the evangelical dynamic. of Western civilization to act as wise advisers in these matters to nations whose history, conditions and men- Let one thing, however, be clear. The Churches tality are so radically different from ours. For, irreand their Boards would go on their way in fidelity spective of this, it may lead to fatal consequences for to the New Testament, the historic tradition of the preaching of the Gospel if it includes definite sothe Christian Church and their Divine Saviour, cial theories and forgets that these must necessarily but they would not say that any work done by vary from country to country and from generation to earnest men for the relief of human suffering and generation. The preaching of the Gospel must always the enlightenment of human minds and the en- center on the New Testament message of salvation for richment of human life was not justified in ap- sinners, and we must trust and believe that this mespealing for support from those who were satisfied sage will, among the various nations on the mission with the grounds of its appeal. fields, prove to be the salt that will gradually tMough the native chttrches purify and raise the social con- The Danger Field of International Relations ditions.

But the most serious divisive danger in the Again agreements were reached and assurances Report is in the field of international relation- were given by the American delegates at Herrn- ships. At the Jerusalem Council the Continental hut which satisfied the Scandinavian and other Churches expressed their fear of what seemed to European members. The Council adopted a state- them to be the domination of American missions ment containing these paragraphs: by a humanistic activism and an intellectual and We have considered afresh what is central in our religious syncretism. They made their own posi- missionary work and where the chief emphasis should tion unmistakably clear and in the end were sat- be laid. We are convinced that our missionary task isfied. Since then, various things have reawak- is to proclaim in word and life God's revelation and re- ened their alarm, one of them being the Survey demption in Jesus Christ.

Report of the foreign work of the Y. M. C. A. If we have anything to bring in the name of God to and the Y. W. C. A., and there was fear that at a world in need, it is certainly not our own piety, our the meeting of the International Missionary own way of life, our own modes of thought or our own human help. What the Church has to give in its world Council in Herrnhut in the summer· of 1932 the mission is the good news of a Divine act in history, European delegates would feel obliged to with- of the Word made flesh. Apart from this there is no draw from the Council. A Memorial was pre- Christian mission. In face of the powerful antisented from the Northern Europe Missionary Christian forces operating in the world today we Council which declared: reaffirm our faith that the revelation of God in Christ Faithful alike to the character of the Northern is the only way of deliverance for mankind, and that Churches in their development up till the present day it alone can provide the foundation for an order of and to the evolution which has taken place in theologi- society that will be according to the will of God.

cal thinking and practical church life on the Continent We need continually to ask ourselves whether every- during the last decade, we feel under obligation to thing contained in the present missionary activity declare that the views on foreign missions prevalent serves the one dominant purpose of making clear the in the Northern Countries are on several points at Message of Jesus Christ in all its fulness.

variance with the tendencies which seem to receive We have no other task; for while there is much that increasing support on the part of the International is useful and good, "one. thing is needful." Yet, while Missionary Council, and which have been especially the task is one, the forms in which it has to be ful- emphasized in the resolutions of the Williamstown filled are many. A living faith must show its effects meeting. and fruits in every department of human life. We Since we are firmly convinced that the preaching of must not shrink from an uncompromising protest the Gospel is the essential task of missions and must against all that is un-Christian in modern thought and always remain so, we cannot help feeling anxious at life.

the growing tendency of making programs for the For the tasks before us we are wholly insufficient. solution of rural, social and industrial problems in the We take again on our lips the ancient prayer of the various mission fields. Naturally we do not object to Church: discussing these important problems from the point of view of missions. But if this is done beyond a certain Come Holy Ghost our souls inspire measure there is a real danger of diverting the mis- And lighten with celestial fire.

sionary zeal from its central objective to ·such social problems as will naturally present themselves when The situation throughout the world which consti- Christianity has had a long period of development in tutes the background of all the deliberations of the a nation, but which in no wise need be put in the fore- Committee is an urgent call to a bolder and more con- ground at the time of laying the foundation of a Chris- vincing presentation of the Christian message. The tian Church in a nation. world is in desperate need of regeneration. Chris- We do not in this connection lay stress upon the tianity calls men to a complete conversion of the mind strong doubts which may be entertained a·s to the and a radically new life. Our evangelistic task is so

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

to present Christ to men that they will be confronted site error of failing to discern and to declare its with the necessity of a real decision. We desire to definite intellectual content? Are we adequately call the churches and missions to immediate coopera- expressing the Christian Gospel in terms of hution in a more earnest evangelistic endeavor. man service, and ministering to conscious physi- cal and social need? Or are we thinning it out Our aim is the personal conversion of men to a new to be only a message of material interests amid life in Christ, to complete surrender to God, and to the transitoriness of visible things? Are we new relations of love with their fellowmen. From a fully, truly, persuasively making Christ known, true conversion of heart and mind there must follow both His name and His power? a new discernment .f ways of living that are in accordance with the mind of Christ, and a new determi- Fourth, the individual members of the Comnation to wage war on the evils of society and to mission, now dissolved, should review their judgredress the wrongs of the world. ments in the light of a longer perspective and against the ever pressing question: Are our What will the European Churches and their churches, schools and hospitals going to do in our missionary boards have to say now, when they own work here at home the things we have joined read this Report? Let them be assured that the in admonishing the missionaries to do? American Churches hold the same faith with them and let us pray that by the miracle of God Fifth, the laymen of the Inquiry should study the unity of our world-fellowship may not be the Report with thorough-going intellectual apbroken. plication, and determine what measure of re- sponsibility they bear for it and what their view Our Present Duty of Christ is; and the laymen of the country, in whose name a small company of their number Now, lastly, what is our present duty in this have unselfishly and devotedly projected and cargrave matter? ried through this Inquiry, should study this whole matter with penetrating care and ask themselves First, we must all work together in faith and what duty they have to perform which they have trust to get all the good and as little as possible not fulfilled to the missionary cause. of evil out of this situation. We must strive to keep unimpaired all that we have gained in the Lastly, every missionary board should settle cooperation and unity of the Church and the mis- itself anew on the Rock that is Christ, the one sionary enterprise. and only basis and foundation, never to be altered, the true motive and message and aim, Second, all missionaries should study this Re- and standing there, consider this criticism and port and ask themselves whether, apart from its appraisal honestly, fully and fearlessly, with comtheological basis, they cannot go a great deal fur- plete readiness for any and every wise change. ther in achieving some of the ideals which they It should do this, not under any passing, human have long held and which have been given such pressure, but under the unrelenting pressure of strong reenforcement. Let them not, however, its own conscience, and now and always under be alarmed or discouraged or think that any Re- the shadow of Christ's Cross, the unsparing scruport is the final and authoritative word. tiny of the Holy Spirit and the blessed presence of our Living Lord. Third, we should keep open, under constant critical review, such questions as these: Are we giving Christianity a too dominantly intellectual and doctrinal cast; or are we making the oppo- THE BEST INVESTMENT When James M. Thoburn was called to India in the early days, mission service there was very difficult and even dangerous. • When, after nearly half a century qf service, he came to the age of retirement, he said: "When I went to India I never expected to see my mother again. But I not only came back to. see my mother but, through the Providence of God, I have lived to have a home and a mother in every city of any size on the face of the globe, where the friends of the mission field open their homes to me."

Everywhere this servant of Christ found companionship in these faithful friends. I com- mend you that the best investment for life is to invest it in such a good cause. What puts the most joy in life is to expend one's life for Christ and His cause without thought of self. "Ex- cept a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die it abideth alone, but if it die it bringeth forth much fruit." Except our lives are invested in a great cause we will decline to make sacrifices and will live in selfish ease. If we put ourselves into the Cause we will grow and will find the meaning in the words of Jesus, our Lord; "I came that they may have life and that they might have it more abundantly." BISHOP NICHOLSON.

Is Our Commission?

The Primal Truths Contained in the Great Command of Christ J By the REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., i Princeton, New Jersey u'"_ f.l+ o, – Director-Emeritus of the China Inland Mission for North America THE natural religions of the world cannot be Christians, who are called to be witnesses, our compared with Christianity. Those religions whole relationship is with Christ. This brings us are the product of human thought, from man to several conclusions in reference to the great to God; Christianity is a divine revelation, from commission.

God to man. They, at best, are seeking after God; The One who commands. The position which Christianity, from first to last, is a finding of Christ occupies as related to His Church is that of God. They are mutually related; Christianity is Saviour and Lord. As Saviour, He is the possessor unique. They are systems; of those whom He has re- Christianity is a Person. deemed; as Lord, He is the di- This last fact is vastly im- The Report of the Appraisal rector of those whom He pos- portant, for we find in it the Commission of the Laymen's sesses. It is, therefore, His in- intimation and explanation of Foreign Mission Inquiry has herent and unlimited right to what our relationship to Chris- raised again the question of ask of His people what He tianity is. If Christianity were the real aim and basis of the pleases, to require what He the result of human thinking, Christian Missionary enter- asks and to command what He then we should have to think prise. Dr. Frost, who has requires. Moreover, He is not the more and at last propound given over forty years to the obligated to consult with those our thought as best we could. work as Home Director of whom He commands or to ex- If Christianity were a system, the China Inland Mission, plain the commandments which then we should be required to states here clearly the New He gives. He may be at any systematize our system the Testament basis on which time, by reason of His person- more perfectly, and then pro- the enterprise rests. ality and redemptive work, an claim and defend it to the ut- autocrat and dogmatist. His most of our ability. But, since words, therefore, are fiats, Christianity is a Person, our problem is simplified, which being uttered, call for immediate, full and for the only requisite is to know the Person, and continued obedience, until they are fulfilled. These then to witness concerning Him. This is what are first principles as related to Christ, in conse- Jesus meant when He said, "Ye shall be wit- quence of His individuality, official position and nesses," not unto human concepts however great atoning sacrifice.

and impressive these may be, but "unto me." Those who are commanded. The Christian lives This thought is fundamental because it is essen- in consequence of a sacrificial act which saved him tial. Expound religion without Christ, though the from death and brought to him the possibility and address may be superbly and passionately given, privilege of living. There is, therefore, not a and Christianity has not been preached. Pro- moment of time when he can consider himself in- pound religion with Christ, however humbly and dependent of that act or under little or no obliga- tranquilly it may be expressed, and Christianity tion to it. On one day or another, in things great has been preached. Christ is the centre, the cir- or small, in all the relationships which common or cumference, the all in all of Christianity; hence, uncommon existence brings to him, he must look He is the One whom we are to present and pro- upon himself as one who is required to learn his claim. The New Testament throbs with this Redeemer's wish and to do His will. To act thus thought, because its very heart is Christ. The is not to his credit, for it is his bounden duty.

Gospel, therefore, is the good-tidings of Jesus Not to act thus indicates that he has little appre- Christ, and it is this because it proclaims One hension of what has been done for him and what who is mighty to save and to keep. Hence, as he owes in return. Hence, if his Saviour-Lord [ 281 commands him to do this or that, be it easy or occupier of a sacred office. If he loses this balhard, he neglects to do it at his loss and refuses ance, he is a man of misapprehension, a waster of to do it at his peril. The soldier under the com- his own time, a spendthrift of other men's money, mand of his general is not so much under duty to an occupier of a position which a better man obey orders as is the Christian to obey his Com- might fill and he is the wearer of a dignified and mander. In the one case, to refuse is disloyalty; honored name of which he is not worthy. Let a in the other, it is treason. In other words, the man be narrow, if he is on1y true. If he can be whole Church is under sacred obligation to fulfil true and at the same time sympathetically and Christ's command to evangelize the world, and altruistically broad, let him be broad, only, let each Christian in his own appointed way is to be him always be true. Truth is the essential which at it and always at it. God requires and which the condition of the world demands. Our Commission, therefore, is this: to The thing which is commanded. Christ has preach the truth, that is, the Gospel. Anything given to His Church many commands. But one else than this, before the commandment of Christ command is primal and preeminent. It is to and the bitter need of the world, is secondary and preach the Gospel to every creature. This man- comparatively inconsequential. date is clear in its intention and expression, so that its meaning cannot be misunderstood. Also, it is It was largely the foregoing conception of things plain, both as to its content and extent. As to content, we are told to preach one thing, not less or which sent of old so many noble men and women more, namely, the Gospel; as to extent, the into the regions beyond. For the love they bore preaching is to be continued until every person has their Master they obeyed His Word, went to lonely heard. places, lived often in sordid surroundings and laid down their lives, slowly or suddenly, in willing Paul's conception of the Gospel was, "Christ sacrifice for the One whom they served and for and him crucified." This great missionary is our exemplar and we are to speak as he spoke. We those who needed the Gospel that they preached. may understand, as was true in the apostle's day, that the preaching of this Gospel will produce re- And they saw signs following their service. sults besides salvation and sanctification, for the Dark faces were brightened; malformed lives Gospel is a civilizer individually and collectively. But secondaries are not primaries; and by-prod- were transformed; and fearful souls were filled ucts are never to be put in the place of central with radiant peace and joy and hope. In other truths. After all, so-called "civilization" is not so important, as present-day developments in words, these men and women who were not "diswestern nations are proving; and, at its best, it obedient unto the heavenly vision" found that the never saves. The Gospel, on the other hand, is simple Gospel of Christ was a panacea, healing necessary and is the power of God unto salvation. the open sores of the world, even beyond anything It is, therefore, to be persistently held and de- which they had imagined. They thus became clared. A witness is a "martyr." And the kind enamored of Christ, discovering that His autocof martyr needed in these tragic days is one who racy was the most wise, loving, gentle and comwill put and hold himself in the place of self-denial passionate experience that this world knows. and then repeat after the great missioner of old, Those, therefore, who have been truest, served "Woe is unto me if I preach not the Gospel"; "I longest and suffered most have been the ones who am determined not to know anything among you wished that they had a thousand lives to give to save Jesus Christ, and Him crucified." their Saviour-Lord. It was so with Brainerd, Carey, Morrison, Judson, Moffat, Duff, Paton, The way the command is to be fulfilled. The Chalmers, Taylor and others. These were great good, a.s w:e.c~ll know, is often the enemy of the men, with large minds and many interests. But best. Social reform is good, but it is not the Gos- also, they were consecrated and concentrated men, pel. Education is good, but it is not the Gospel. who could say, "This one thing I do"; they thus Medical work is good, but it is not the Gospel. focused thefr iives upon the life of Christ and mag- Indeed, these matters, good as they are,. may de- nified His Name above all other names. Hence, in stroy the Gospel; and without the Gospel Christ their places of service, they turned the world upis gone and all is gone. Missionary service, there- side down and innumerable lives were turned fore, is a matter of perspective and proportion, as right side up. It will be so with any man who to what shall be mostly in sight and chiefly empha- will follow in their steps. sized. If a missionary keeps the balance between the primary and the secondary, he has a true con- Let us to our tents, 0 Israel, and our knees. ception of the Great Commission and is a rightful There in the secret place of prayer and dedication let us hear what Christ would say to us. Then, let us rise and go forth, to do God's work, in God's place and in God's way.

ON THE BOSPHORUS-WHERE ELIAS HIGGS LABORED AS A

Elias Riggs – A Pioneer in Turkey Missionary of the American Board, from 1832 to 1901 By the REV. CHARLES TROWBRIDGE RIGGS, D.D., _.ootJif Istanbul, Turkey }i+o.- Missiollary of the Americall Board sillce 1898 T HE year 1932 marked the centennial of the of Hebrew. He was ready for college before he beginning of missionary work by one of the was fifteen, was graduated from Amherst at nine- outstanding representatives of Christ in for- teen and from Andover Theological Seminary at eign lands. As far as the writer knows, no mis- twenty-two. During his college course he acquired sionary has surpassed the record of sixty-eight a very good pronunciation of Greek by the help of years of active service given to the cause by Dr. two young Greeks studying there; and before his Elias Riggs. His graduation from theological graduation from the seminary had published a seminary, ordination, marriage, commissioning as Manual of the Chaldee Language which became a foreign missionary, sailing, and arrival on the the standard for all the theological seminaries of field, all fall within the year 1832, although he did the country for the next half-century. Among not actually reach his particular field until Jan- his classmates at Andover were Messrs. Lyman uary of 1833. He kept actively at work until a and Munson, the martyrs of Sumatra, and Sam- few weeks before he passed to his reward in Jan- uel Francis Smith, author of "My Country, 'tis of uary of 1901, sixty-eight years and three months Thee."

after he was commissioned as a missionary. Elias Riggs was ordained as a missionary evan- Elias Riggs, the son of a Presbyterian clergy- gelist by the Presbytery of Elizabeth, N. J., on man, was born in New Jersey, November 19, 1810, September 20, 1832. Soon after, with his young in the year that the American Board of Commis- bride, he crossed the ocean.in a brig of 180 tons.

sioners for Foreign Missions was organized. At As he took only one furlough in all his long career, an early age he showed the scholarly tendency he crossed the ocean only twice more, both times that was later such a help to him; he learned to by sailing vessel. In 1858 steamers were too ex- read at four, and at nine he had such facility in pensive for missionaries to use. We may add that Latin that he took up the study of Greek, using a although Dr. Riggs never saw his native land after Latin grammar; at thirteen he began the study 1858, and never knew it without slavery, he was [30 ]

ELIAS RIGGS-A PIONEER IN TURKEY

always keenly interested in every new develop- Armenian hymns, a large share of the most pop- ment in America, and was a most loyal citizen. ular today are those which he put into that lan- His breadth of Christian thought was character- guage. Besides this, he was for many years editor istic, and while he was loyal to his denomination, or associate editor of weekly and monthly peri- yet his life work was under another board. He odicals in both Bulgarian and Armenian – papers was loyal to his alma mater, but sent his three that, aside from the Bible, were the sole reading sons to another college. The one loyalty that would matter for thousands of homes. He also took his yield to no other was his loyalty to Christ and full share in the issuing of tracts, school books, His work. devotional and biblical literature, including a His first field of service was Greece, later Asia Bible Dictionary in Bulgarian, and several com- Minor, and then Constantinople; while his efforts mentaries.

for the Bulgarians took him often into Bulgaria. Dr. Riggs also had a free use of French for Twice calls of other fields were put before him. preaching, as well as conversation; he used Ger- Shortly after his arrival in Greece, an invitation man, Italian, Russian and Arabic easily for read- came to go to Persia for work among the Nes- torians; and again, in 1858, when he was on his one furlough in America, and had been teaching Hebrew in Union Theological Seminary (where, among others, the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was his pupil), the directors extended an urgent invi- tation to the chair of Hebrew Literature, backed up by an offer to endow the chair if he would ac- cept. In each case, after prayer and thought, the invitation was declined, since he believed that the field of service in Greece and Turkey was a call of God.

It was a noble group of missionary giants with whom Dr. Riggs was associated through his long life, especially at Constantinople. It would be diffi- cult to match the galaxy of Goodell, Dwight, Schauffler, Wood, Hamlin, Temple, and later H. O.

Dwight, Herrick, Greene and Peet. Among these were several with more spectacular careers than that of Elias Riggs; but in his own special line of literary effort, no one came near his record. He was also a fine teacher, whether in a girls' school THE BIBLE IN ARMENINN, TURKISH, GREEK AND or in a theological seminary; he was a most ac- BlTLGARIAN TRANSLATIONS, MADE BY DR. ceptable and helpful preacher in half a dozen dif- RIGGS AND HIS COLADORERS ferent languages; he served a term as treasurer ing and somewhat in speaking. He had a scholarly of the mission very competently. But his great use of Syriac, Coptic and Ethiopian as well as work was literary. To few men is it granted to Latin, Hebrew and Aramaic, as far as Oriental translate the entire Bible into three separate lan- studies and the purposes of translation were con- guages, each with its own distinct alphabet, be- cerned. He took great interest in delving into the sides assisting in a fourth. Practically the entire grammar and construction of many other tongues.

responsibility for the Armenian and Bulgarian His commonplace book contains copies which he versions was his; and he was a member of the made, with comments, of the Russian, Georgian, translation committee for Turkish, while he as- Chinese, and Sabean characters, showing the sisted in the translation of Prof. Bambas into breadth of his interests. But his scholarship was Greek, particularly of portions like Daniel and deep as well as broad. He was never satisfied with Ezra, translating from the Chaldee or Aramaic. surface work.

His knowledge of all these tongues was so idio- One secret of Dr. Riggs' remarkable ability to matic that he was able to put the sacred Word into help others was his humble and teachable spirit.

a form acceptable to the people. He was always eager to learn, no matter from how Next to Bible translation, his most valued and humble a source. Hearing that there were said permanent contribution was to the hymnology of to be valuable ancient Greek manuscripts in the these Near Eastern peoples. Over three hundred library of the Mosque of St. Sophia, he did not of the hymns in the Bulgarian book are his work; rest until by personal investigation he had ascer- while each edition of the Greek hymn book has tained that this was not true. At another time, he been dedicated to his memory; and among the questioned a young graduate of one of the Amer-

ican universities as to whether he had found any very young; and this gave Dr. Riggs a special insatisfactory explanation of the precession of the terest in the blind. It was through his personal equinoxes, saying that he had read many articles care and ingenuity that a system of characters about that phenomenon, but without finding an was brought out for the blind in Armenian, based explanation that satisfied him. The young grad- on the Moon system. Portions of the Bible printed uate was forced to confess that, with all his astro- in this way were a great boon to many blind pernomical training, he knew less about it than the sons throughout Turkey. missionary of sixty years standing! Dr. Riggs was never quite satisfied with what he had done, There was one handicap under which Dr. Riggs but was constantly revising, correcting, and bring- constantly worked, which is not usually expected ing up to date his books and other work. Neither in the case of one who lives as long. He never his universality of interests nor his profound was of robust health. Shortly after moving to Smyrna from Greece, in 1839 he was brought so ELIAS RIGGS (left), WILLIAM GOODELL AND WM. G. SCHAUFFLER, TRANSLATORS AT WORK IN CONSTANTINOl'LE scholarship along so many lines, led him to speak low by malarial fever that the family physician as an expert; he was never assertive, but modest did not think he would live two years, but a trip and retiring. Moreover, he was always willing to to Syria and Palestine set him up again. In 1856, give up one line of work when need was shown in 1862, twice in 1864, and again in 1872, he was for his aid along a different line. So he turned compelled to leave his beloved work in an effort from educational work to literary, and from that to recover his health. During all the years from to the work of a treasurer, just as he was willing the time of his golden wedding and the fiftieth anto leave Greece and begin again in Smyrna, or niversary of his entry on missionary life until his again in Constantinople; or to take up one new end, his associates were accustomed to look at the language after another, thinking nothing of the thin form of the white-haired old man as a frail labor and drudgery involved. thing which any wintry blast might destroy. Yet constant care, regular and abstemious living, and Three of his children and eleven of his grand- a sublime faith and trust in the heavenly Father, children followed him into the foreign field. His kept him at work till his ninety-first year. youngest son was stricken with blindness while

Berry Schools of

The Romance of a Sunday School that Became Famous By TRACY BYERS, Mount Berry, Georgia _,o~1 Author of the biography of "Martha Berry, the Sunday Lady of Possum Trot"; published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, I New York, $3.50 Miss Berry's Sunday school grew rapidly until it had passed all bounds. Children brought their ONE Sunday afternoon about thirty years ago parents and came flocking from miles around. On Martha Berry was sitting in a log cabin Sunday the grounds around the stately pillared playing on a little old-fashioned organ. Berry mansion became a shambles of ox carts, The cabin had been built as a playhouse for the mule wagons, horses and buggies. Her sisters Berry children and to it were attracted the chil- ana brothers looked on amused at first, then prodren of poor families living in the hills back of her tested wearily': father's plantation. One boy who came roaming through the woods, peered in at the cabin window "But, Martha, you can't educate all the hilland watched Miss Berry as if fascinated. Calling billies of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Even the him in, with three other children of the neighbor- state has not undertaken the job. You'll lose all hood, she told them Bible stories. They were so your beaux and never get married if you keep fascinated and astonished by these old stories that filling your buggy with dirty little brats off the she asked, "Haven't you ever read a Bible or heard mountains. Every time we go down the streets it read before?" with you all the worst-looking characters in town yell, 'How-dy, Miss Marthy.' Forget your Sun- "No'm. Pappy, he's goter Bible," said one, day school for a day and come on the picnic this "bu't he cain't read hit and we didn't know it had afternoon." stories in hit." But Martha did not go. Instead, she kept at "Will you come back next Sunday?" she asked work and opened new Sunday schools in four suras they left. "I'll tell you soma more Bible stories." rounding communities.

"Yes'm, weuns'll come back and bring some Driving around the country on Sundays, she more chillun, too." visited the Possum Trot and Mount Alto churches. Far down the Coosa River at Foster's Bend she The next Sunday afternoon the first four chil- opened another Sunday school, and in the meandren brought half a dozen more. They appeared time kept up the services in the log cabin on her in ragged and dirty clothes so that Miss Berry ran father's plantation. Soon she decided that Sunto the house to get soap and towels, which she in- days were not enough to teach the poor boys and vited the children to use. They washed in a large girls who came to her meetings. She opened a rain barrel standing beneath the eaves of the day school for them across the Summerville Pike cabin. Then with faces shining and eyes spar- on land given to her by her father, Captain kling, they gathered around their new-found Thomas Berry. friend and teacher. Once more her family protested, but the young Martha Berry told them of the beginning, of woman continued on her course, determined to do Adam and Eve, of Noah and the Ark; of Moses her bit to lift the pall of ignorance from the southand the Ten Commandments. They listened in ern highlands. rapt astonishment. Shadows were lengthening over the hil1,B and the sun near setting in the haze This was not an easy task-and it was not one over Laven'dar mountain, when the children re- for which she had been trained by the typical luctantly left for their shabby homes. schooling of a wealthy girl of the South of thirty years ago. She had been taught by a private gov- The next Sunday Miss Berry brought out an old erness at home until she was sent away for a year microscope which she had used in school. After in a fashionable "finishing school" in Baltimore. the children had washed she showed them the germs left in the water. As they looked through Somewhere out of this she developed strength the microscope, fascinated by the sight of the of character and wholesome trust. As a result the wriggling creatures, they said: "Heh! We'll sure-enough drown the bugs on us arter this !"

[33 ]

Sunday school grew into a boarding school for There has never been a letting down from that, boys. despite the difficulties.

"We just had to do something," she says, as she "After the boy's boarding school had been go- . smiles today at early memories. "There were ing on for ten years it became necessary to open times when all the children had nothing to eat in a girls' school-to train girls for better homes, to the School but corn bread and grits. Our old col- make them a match for the boys. The trustees ored mammy had taught me how to make delicious told me that we had extended ourselves as much biscuits and many nights when all our spirits were as was possible right then. Without telling them, I sent a group of boys a mile away to the farthest corner of the school's property, where they erected two log cabins. Here we put the first girls' school teacher and twelve girls.

"A year later, when the girls had beautified their cabins and had accomplished much work, I dared at last to show the trustees what I had done. Today the girls' school is as important and cer- tainly as lovely and practical a part of the indus- trial system as any other."

Later the grounds of the Schools were extended to include the Foundation School for Boys. By gifts of land the campus has grown until now it reaches more than ten miles from end to end and varies from two to five miles in width.

Great physical changes have come about at the Berry Schools during the thirty years that have passed since Martha Berry began to teach Bible stories in her log cabin.

Naturally far more important changes have been made in the lives of the ten thousand stu- dents who have attended Berry Schools. During these thirty years never a meal has been eaten without a prayer being asked and thanks returned to the Lord.

An endless stream of America's purest-blooded Anglo-Saxon boys and girls, the mountain whites, have attended these Schools.

MARTHA BERRY-TODAY Strangely enough, in this day of material things, the 'only requirement for admission is that low, I slipped into the kitchen of the first old dor- the prospective student be poor and unable to go mitory; made biscuits, 'borrowed' some jam from to school elsewhere. If he has no money he may home and we all feasted together." work for his clothes, his room and board and tui- tion. Between 600 and 700 yearly take advantage Early students, recalling those days, testify that of this opportunity and from 200 to 300 others when "Miss Martha" took charge of the kitchen pay the nominal charge of $150 a year. Altothe best food was forthcoming. gether there are about 1,000 students enrolled.

"Nowadays it has become stylish to be poor," The Schools are unlike any others in the world. says Miss Berry. "People talk of how much they On six mornings a week classes begin at seven can do without. For thirty years we have been o'clock, following breakfast at 6: 15. The classes that poor at the Berry Schools, doing without continue until five o'clock in the afternoon with many things that I always had thought were neces- some vacant periods during the day. Chapel servsities when I wa's a girl. ices are held at 11: 45 every day and attendance is compulsory. "The little motto on my desk, Prayer Changes Things, was put there by students long ago. I The students do all the work of the Schools, for walked out on a little plank of faith in God and there is not one hired man or woman on the 25,000 we built the Schools as best we could. By prayer acres. One third of the students are always enand work all things have been made possible. gaged in these tasks while the other two thirds From the early log cabins we walked along gravel are in classes. 'One third of the student body paths that somehow seemed hallowed by the work. works Monday and Tuesday; another third on

THE BERRY SCHOOLS OF GEORGIA

Wednesday and Thursday and the last third on One graduate of the Schoob has started a sim- Friday and Saturday. ilar institution in North Carolina and has a school The boys and girls clean the buildings, cook the with nearly 350 students. Another school, similar meals and serve them; bake the bread; milk the to Berry, is operated in northern Florida by two dairy herd of more than a hundred blooded J er- Berry graduates. Throughout the South are other seys; make the furniture and erect the buildings; schools patterned upon the Berry system of diver- bake the bricks in the brick plant owned by the sified industrial and vocational education.

Schools; cultivate the fields and care for orchards; It is encouraging to note that of the 10,000 tend the sheep and chickens. All in all they lead former students more than 3,000 are now teachers an extremely busy and useful life. and community leaders. Hundreds are farm ,:l'here is no time for football at Berry and no demonstrators and county teachers of home eco- interscholastic athletic life; but many games and nomics. Many become Christian ministers and sports are played between the different classes and doctors.. Many return to the farms, where they divisions of the Schools. improve the condition of the soil and the animals 'Boys and girls who have never had an oppor- tui:lity for an education plead to enter these Schools, so that, at the age of twenty, many young me.ll and young women are found here beginning t? learn their ABC's.

' Reclaiming human waste, making useful citi- zens from boys and girls that would otherwise have no chance in life, has been the aim of Martha Berry. There seems to be an endless influx of such boys and girls from these southern states, the most backward section educationally in Amer- ica. The mountain people of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and the Carolinas, from- whom most of the Berry boys and girls come, lead America in illiteracy and misery.

J One student enrolled recently from the hills of Tennessee who is a direct descendant of Daniel Boone; another is a great-grandniece of General Robert E. Lee. Some of the boys and girls trace their descent directly to the pure-blooded French Huguenots, who fled to South Carolina when THE MARTHA BERRY SCHOOL AT POSSUM TROT driven from their own land by persecution. on the land. This has been one of Miss Berry's The Anglo-Saxons of these mountains speak a great aims. dialect that is the lovely old-country English of With good sense and an unfaltering sense of two hundred years ago. Somehow these people humor, Martha Berry guides and advises these were left behind as modern civilization swept youngsters; encouraging them to grow into ideal across America. Today they are appealing for Christian citizens, into men and women who will an opportu~ity to step into something better than feel that character is the greatest need of life, and the one-room and lean-to cabin homes that cover 'commercial success of secondary importance. the hills of the s~uthland. Maw of the girl graduates become nurses. , These boys aDd girls, when educated, quickly Sever;il are now superintendents of nursing prove their worth. Today the professor of agron- homes. One of these girls nursed Miss Berry duromi at the Georgia State Unjversity is a Berry ing a severe illness, helping in real fashion to graduate. More than twenty years ago he came "pull through'; the founder of the Schools.

to the Schools driving a span of oxen, which .he The graduatef?,. have scattered into every state exchanged for his "larnin'." He is also secretary of America and into many foreign lands. One of the alumni association of the State TJi!Tiversity. former student, who now is a missionary in Brazil, Another boy who worked his way through the recently gave the address in chapel. One came Schools, and has since helped to educate his back from several years of teaching in a mission younger brothers, is today a vice-president of the school in India. Another is working in a school Chase National Bank in New York City. The in Persia. president of the Rotary Club of Asheville, North A girl, who was graduated about eight years Carolina last year and a trust officer in a large ago, has given addresses on temperance to the bank there, is a Berry graduate who is helping student bodies of almost every college east of the educate his younger brothers. Mississippi River.

STliDENTS AT THE MARTHA BERRY SCHOOLS. AND ONE OF THF] DORMITORTFJS The young men and women prove their intelli- picture which Miss Berry made during the years gence on every side. Psychological tests and mind as she walked about, saying in her charming measurement tests reveal great native intelligence southern accent, "Cut down that hill….. Fill which only needs training to develop them into that hollow ….. Move that tree nearer the road." useful citizens. She says with a smile, "It isn't much fun to stay A feature of the School life which for years in one place forever! I suspect even the trees like puzzled the South is the religious training and to move about a bit. Any way they grow better." compulsory chapel. The School is non-sectarian, with its chaplains recruited variously from Meth- "God has blessed us with friends," Miss Berry odist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopalian, Con- says quietly, "without the help and prayers of gregational and other churches. In early days the our friends throughout the years, I should long mountaineers suspected that they would be evan- since have given up. To our beloved friends we gelized into some strange belief. The Hardshell are the most grateful for reclaiming the 10,000 Baptist ministers wrote letters to Miss Berry in~ lives to usefulness for our country and our God." quiring her "persuasion" and the strength of her shell. But Christianity is placed above sectarian ONE RACE-ONE SAVIOUR creeds. By FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D.D. Through it all Miss Berry has fought and smiled. Buildings have burned down, but classes A Japanese evangelist said to a group of his counand meals have continued as before. Tornadoes trymen: have swept the campus, but no one was daunted. Teachers have attempted insurrections, but have "When I attended a surgical clinic, and saw the forfailed of their purpose. A railroad attempted to eign teacher preparing to remove a cataract from the bisect the campus with a spur line, but Miss Berry eye of an old woman, I wondered to myself: 'Suppose finally halted work by telling the foremen she that we Christians are mistaken, and that instead of would have the boys-tear up the rails every night one God there are many, and that the one that made if they went any further onto the grounds. She the American did not consult with the one that made hurried to the president of the road and persuaded the Japanese, and as a result there is a difference in him to run the track in a different section. the anatomy of the eye, and so this operation proves a failure.''' Visitors who see the miles of campus, the graceful lawns and beautiful trees, seldom vision the But the one God has "made Qf one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth."

Sin has infected the spiritual life of all races and nations and Christ is the only power that can cleanse this human race.

to Convert the

The Message from the Foreign Field to the Home Church By the REV. W. WILSON CASH, London, England General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society FIFTEEN centuries ago there came to the pret to the people of Great Britain the message Church one of the decisive hours in the ex- of Jesus Christ and His redemptive love and pansion of Christianity. In A. D. 432 St. power, in terms of what has been taking place Patrick landed in Ireland and the fruits of his on the mission field. We have sought to give the evangelization may be traced not qnly in the evangelistic message of our churches, explain- Western Island but also throughout the sixth and ing what God is doing in other lands. What He seventh centuries as the Gos- has don e in China, India, pel Message flowed back to aWryhawt iosrwk?ronWg hwaitthismiwssrioonng- Africa, and elsewhere He can England through Iona and with the Church at home? do for congregations to whom Lindisfarne and across the we preach at home. This has continent of Europe. The prin- Can we expect unconverted caused a heart-searching for ciple of the New Testament Christians to evangelize the some of us. We have realized surely is that what is given world? Feeling convinced that if we go out and explain in missionary service overseas that, if the Kingdom of God how Christ has transformed flows back again in increasing is to continue to spread, the the life of pagan Africans and blessing to the home Church, aCrhoruissetida,ntsheaCt hhuormceh Mmiussstiobne- Hindus and has given those and every age of the Church ary Society of England has people victory over sin, then we has proved it. brought home a missionary must face the same need and In this twentieth century we from Persia to conduct evan- possibility in our own lives. To are not simply in a world crisis gelistic missions in Anglican be honest in our evangelism we which affects foreign missions. churches. Would not this be must rediscover Christ as su- We are emerging into a new a good plan for some of our premely adequate for ourselves.

era when things will not be American churches? As i a We will not attempt here to ex- the same as before. The moral may evyaent gbeleizecaAllemderuicpao!n to plain this personal aspect of crisis of the western world is the campaign. Suffice it to say not whether missionary work that we have sought to sur- be maintained in the future at the same financial render our lives anew and wholly to God so that level and efficiency as before but whether the nothing in us would hinder His purpose either Church of God can stem the tide and in doing so for the work we represent or for the world. As can meet the crisis with a positive message of we have studied the situation we have become Christ for a broken and a disillusioned world. more and more convinced that the mission field Can Christianity survive the impact of secular- holds the evidence of the truth of Christ and the ism? This question is fundamental to the mission- Way of Life for which the Western world is ary situation, for a collapse of vital Christianity waiting. In England the question is constantly in the West would react at once throughout the being asked whether there is anything definite to world. show that Christ can me.et human needs. Be- It is because of the serious challenge thrown hind such a question there is a hunger for real- down to the Church by the materialism of the day ization of a God who can be discoverable in the that some of us are conviflced that only in a re- ordinary life of this modern age.

discovery of the Gospel as the power of God for How can we bring this evidence to the atten- this present age can we help the missionary cause. tion of the home Church?

In other words, we cannot advance in the mission The ordinary methods of missionary promo- field without a new spiritual revival in the home tion are inadequate. Study circles, missionary Church. We have therefore been seeking to inter- addresses, exhibitions and the many other forms [37 ]

of activity <ire not: converting people to God, and thank God that blessing is ilowing back to the unless we were winning people to God we were home Church from the mission fields but let us failing. It is one thing to convert people to for- make no mistake about the issue involved in it all. eign missions and, by a broad policy of social :>ervice, to secure from them a donation. It is a We have today largely an unconverted church very different proposition to make the mission- membership. We must either win Church and ary appeal so vital and personal as to challenge nation for God or we cannot carryon the misthe man in the pew to consider seriously the sionary work entrusted to us. In many ways claims of Jesus Christ for himself and to win him the spiritual level of the home Church determines to a full surrender to Christ as his personal the progress of the Kingdom of God overseas. Saviour and Lord. . Our policy in the campaign upon which we have embarked is definitely evan- Weare at the parting of the ways. It is time gelistic with the objective of changing lives to close our ranks, heal our divisions and with a through the power of Christ. united front go forward cooperatively with all who love our Lord in sincerity in a new effort to Some have said that it is not the work of a win the world for Jesus Christ. missionary society to do home evangelism. The days are too critical for us to consider whether In recent years evangelism has often been in this or that task is specifically ours as a mission- the background in missionary policy and we have ary board. We are convinced that every ounce given our congregations the pap they wanted in of spiritual energy in the Church should be mobi- a nebulous kind of religion based upon what we lized to this one end-the conversion of the peo- thought leading laymen would approve. Now we ple of our nation to God. As Christian workers are called to bring home to ourselves and to our we feel we have a distinctive contribution to laity the one great missionary objective given to make. It may. not be peculiarly our missionary us by Jesus Christ-to preach the Gospel by life task, but having seen God at work in other lands, and word in all the world, at home and abroad. we believe that He would have us summon the home Church to take up unitedly this great work. The young churches overseas are alive to the Our effort therefore is only a small contribution menace of this hour. With reduced grants from to the larger task of the whole Church. the sending churches and with fewer mission- aries they are themselves embarking upon ag- Last year Bishop J. H. Linton of Persia was gressive evangelism. The Kingdom of God Moveasked to come to England for a year to lead the ment in Japan and the Five-Year Movement in campaign which the Church Missionary Society China are two instances of this. planned to initiate. He began the work last autumn and has already held a number of evan- Many other efforts are being made by the gelistic missions so it is possible to gauge to some churches themselves to advance through personal extent the result of the campaign. evangelism. If these daughter churches of ours are feeling that the need today is a militant evan- The Bishop's messages have been simple evan- gelism, how much more should we at home stress gelical talks based upon his personal experience it also? The lesson for us to learn from the misof Jesus Christ. He has never been ashamed to sion field in this world crisis is undoubtedly a tell his audiences about his own life and how ringing call to join with them in a world-wide Christ has met his needs. Most of his missions evangelistic effort. Revival in many places has have been called "A Week of Witness." already begun. I believe it has begun in Eng- land. Are we going to stifle this movement of Anglican churches like to have things done the Spirit or will we clear the channels so that decently and in order, and yet as the tide has revival may be world-wide? risen we have seen young men and women mounting the pulpits of large Anglican churches and THE NEED OF TODAY witnessing to the saving power of Jesus Christ. We sorely need to recover a radiant passion for In one industrial center the Bishop of the the redemption of the lost. Sylvester Horne rediocese sat humbly in a pew and listened to the minds us that "A new note is required in much of messages thus given. Hundreds of men and our preaching if men and women are to be won to women, mainly young people, have found new Christ. Scholarly accuracy, literary finish and life in Christ and every series of mission meet- charm of style we will not despise, but these alone ings reveals a tremendous hunger for God. Thus cannot probe the sore of sin or lead men out of far those who have been won have been mainly bondage into spiritual liberty. The antagonism church people and in this the way is being pre- some would raise between evangelism and relipared for a much wider evangelism later on. If gious education is absurd. We must put more educhurch people show that they have a faith worth cation into our evangelism and more passionate passing on, the Church will soon discover that it evangelism into our education." is a faith worth exporting to other lands. We BISHOP ARTHUR J. MOORE.

A Woman's Criticism of the Laymen's

Report By Mrs. HENRY W. PEABODY, I Orlando, Florida I r~~'- ~~==========================~ T HE report of the Appraisers of Foreign best that modern liberals can present as a mo- Missions sent out by a committee of laymen tive. is perhaps the worst attack and the most We, therefore, must take exception to the dangerous ever made on this great enterprise. qualifications of men, with such standards and In the guise of friends backgrounds, to survey the fifteen appraisers and appraise the divinely have prepared and sent For a full half century foreign missionary inspired work of foreign through the secular press work has been the major interest of Mrs. Lucy missions. The charter for Waterbury Peabody. As a young woman she their statements, claim- spent nearly six years in Madras, studying the this work was given by ing the backing of seven the Risen Lord, who comgreat evangelical denomi- Telugu language, working in village schools for manded His followers to nations. low caste people; training Bible women and do- go into all the world and Glancing through the ing zenana work with high caste women, Hindu and Moslem. In 1887, she returned to America, preach the Gospel, baplist of Appraisers, we tI"ZIng I. n H' find lacking the names of and was for eighteen years Home Secretary of name and men and women who the Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission Society. IS Later she was Foreign Vice-President of the have been in close touch teaching what He taught. with the foreign mission Woman's Foreign Mission Board. Some of the men and Mrs. Peabody was for ten years editor of the women who meet the ap- woman's magazine and the children's paper of proval of the s e Ap- the Baptist Board; in 1900 she became a mem- ber of the United Study on Foreign Missions, work and workers on the and under her chairmanship four million mis- praisers h a v e reversed sion study books were printed and distributed fields of Asia. In this for women and children of all denominations. the order of Christ. Acgroup of eminent men we cording to the divine pro- She has been for thirty years a leader in the find the chairman, a Pro- formation of summer schools of missions, was gram, the Kingdom of fessor of Philosophy in chairman of the interdenominational Woman's God and His righteous- Har.vard University, the ness is followed by other Foreign Mission Jubilee in 1911-12; was invice-chairman a vic e- temporal and physical strumcntal in organizing the Federation of For- eign Mission Boards. She made an extensive visit to foreign mission fields with Helen Bar- president of the Univer- rett Montgomery in 1913-14, and was founder "things." These might sity of Chicago, the presi- and editor of Everyland, the children's world include education, medical friendship and foreign mission magazine.

dent of Brown University, Mrs. Peabody is a well-known writer and W 0 r k, social, economic formerly a Baptist insti- and physical aids. Such speaker and was chairman of the Building Fund tution but now separated Committee for seven Christian colleges for benefits are effects, not from religious affiliation. women in Japan, China, India, raising $2,000,_ causes. Here lies the Another represents the 000 to secure $1,000,000 from the Laura Spel- great difference between man Rockefeller Foundation. At present she is a member of the Board of Woman's Christian Friends College of Haver- Medical Collelol"e of Shanghai, and of the Madras this body of Appraisers ford. These institutions, Christian College for Women. Vellore Mission- and the truly great body presumably the model for ary Medical School and St. Christopher College of evangelical mission- for Teachers.

the new work in foreign What Mrs. Peabody writes in regard to the aries who are out on the mission fields, seem not layman's appraisal of foreign missions is worthy foreign fields, represent- of careful attention. .

to have made any vital re- ing millions of men and ligious impression on women of our American their own communities. Unfortunately, Chicago, churches, who stilI stand by the divine origin of New York, Boston, Providence and Philadelphia this movement as set forth by the Risen Christ.

do not show many marks of religious progress, Every missionary would probably agree that but rather we should say they show the influ- it should be the aim of those. who proclaim the ence of extreme humanitarianism, which is the Gospel of Christ to improve conditions of family [39 ]

life, especially where polygamy maintains, to is there offered for women of that faith as bring about better living for all, and tender care taught by Buddhist priests? Kagawa of Japan for those who suffer. But evangelical churches knows that there is no hope in the Shinto faith. and missionaries cannot accept the Appraisers' He preaches Jesus Christ and Him crucified and report as a basis for the change. These men and makes no compromise with idolatry. women have had opportunity for only a superficial and cursory glimpse of the work, and evi- Education and Healing Without God? dently have been greatly influenced by prejudice and hearsay and the wisdom of men who stand The Appraisal Commission makes another rectheologically where most of the missionaries on ommendation regarding missionary educational the field do not stand. institutions. It recommends that evangelistic work be discontinued in missionary institutions We can touch briefly on only a few points founded and financed through the prayers and where there are notable differences in conclu- gifts of Christians who supposed they were buildsions based on the difference in belief, precedent, ing schools and colleges where Christian teaching and preparation. and training would be predominant. Whatever has been done-and the Appraisers graciously No Compromise With Non-Christian Faiths admit that something has been accomplished by our backward methods-has been done directly Having lived with the women of India for through religious work. Recently some mission nearly six years, and having made a life-study of boards have been willing to yield, as in China, the conditions which have not changed material:" agreeing to registration under a secular governly in the mass, we cannot accept the recommenda- ment which demanded a cessation of religious tion that as Christians we should compromise teaching in schools and colleges. with the non-Christian faiths of India. Even Gandhi, the highest exponent of Hindu idealism, Surely we have not yet accepted the atheistic had done nothing to remedy the terrible physical, viewpoint of the Russians. Either the mission moral and mental conditions of women which are boards should continue, as under honor bound, due directly to the religious life and beliefs of religious education as an integral part of the cur- Hinduism. If the Appraisal Commission will riculum in every mission school, or they should read "Mother India," by Katherine Mayo, and its close these schools. Christian schools are not later confirmation by Indian authorities, they supposed to maintain purely secular education in will be more accurately informed concerning the East, nor would the denominations reprepresent-day conditions in India. Long ago Max sented on the Laymen's Committee lead us to feel Muller said: "The Hindu religion is perhaps the that such unreligious, irreligious, agnostic or only religion that is worse than no religion." atheistic leadership would be of sufficient value to the Orient to enlist our gifts and the lives of The story of Amy Carmichael's redemptive our young men and women. Christian schools, work with the little girls devoted to the vile serv- supported by Christian churches, should be alice of the priests of the temples of India shows lowed to teach the Bible as the inspired Word of clearly the utter impossibility of any sympa- God, the basis of our Christian faith. It should thetic alliance with this religion so-called. From be taught by men and women who believe that Hebrew history, as told in the Old Testament, we this, the only historic record of the Lord Jesus learn the results of the attitude of Israel toward Christ, holds the major place in any education the prophets of Baal, with their pernicious, im- supported by the Church of Christ. Rather than moral, idolatrous worship. The prophets of divorce educational work from evangelical Chris- Israel, thank God, stood against these priests of tian teaching, it would be infinitely better to close Baal whose extermination was apparently ap- the doors of these institutions and allow the proved by the Lord God, Ruler of Nations. Oriental leaders to '!Conduct education in their own way, at their own expense. Having been in- In China, where moral conditions are in many strumental in the building of seven Christian colrespects better than in the greater part of India, leges for women in India, China and Japan, and we still have a very dark picture in the present knowing the nature of the appeal which brought books by Pearl Buck, who knows China. No mis- the great response from the Christian women of sionary of Christ will favor an intimate and America, we believe that it would be dishonest friendly cooperation even with 'a religion like dealing and a misappropriation of funds to dis- Confucianism or Buddhism in China. continue Christian teaching and training in those colleges. Some colleges in America have been se- We cannot compromise Christianity with these verely criticized for a similar misuse of legacies human faiths which reach their lowest depths in and endowments. the lives of the people. The religion of Christ is the only religion that can save the souls and Medical missions should be conducted on the bodies and minds of men and women. Buddhism is an improvement on Hinduism-but what hope

A WOMAN'S CRITICISM OF THE LAYMEN'S REPORT

same principles. We do not appeal to Christian entals. The Orientals who urge this are often churches for funds to carryon a purely scientific least fitted to take places of leadership. Humilor humanistic effort through hospitals and medi- ity, gratitude and ability to work with others or cal schools in the Orient. We are there, not mere- under direction must be characteristics of men ly to introduce a new science of medicine, but to and women who are safe to be left in charge of show the love and pity and power of the Great the great work in foreign fields. The mission- Physician. If we depart from the divine Char- aries now carrying on the work are as a rule ter, and cease to make Christ known through better able to discern ability in leadership, wisevery missionary doctor, nurse and teacher, then dom, judgment, spiritual religious power than we are unfaithful to our Commission and may are travelers from the West who spend a few as well give the field over to humanistic efforts months covering India, China and Japan with of modernistic groups. If their program is their total population of three-fourths of a biladopted the funds already invested should be re- lion people. The records of missionaries, spirturned to mission boards that will continue their itual and eternal, are known only in Heaven. work of evangelism through other channels. Why Help the Younger Churches? Christ's Representatives at the Front The Appraisers assert that the great body of The criticism in the Appraisal report that native preachers and Bible women are lacking in seems most unjust and unfair is that which ability and should not receive "subsidies" from stamps 95% of the missionaries, who are giving the home church. This is not a New Testament their lives for Christ in these foreign lands, as term. The churches of Jerusalem, Antioch and unworthy representatives of the American Macedonia felt a close bond, a brotherhood, with churches. Fifty years of intimate acquaintance the needy Christians who received the Word of with thousands of missionaries, and constant God through His missionaries, apostles, ambasstudy of their fields and attainments, may per- sadors. These needy Christians were helpedhaps fit me to make an appraisal of their char- not "subsidized." It would be impossible for acter and work. Not every missionary meets the missionaries to do effective work among the great highest requirements, and not every minister in masses of foreign peoples without the assistance America meets the high standards of God and of trained, loyal, humble representatives of His service. My appraisal of foreign mission- Christ, in the lands to which the Gospel is cararies is that 95% of them are worthy representa- ried. These helpers are willing to work for the tives of the Church of Christ, while perhaps 5% barest living; a few dollars a month suffice for are unfit for the task committed to them. In this their physical needs. If I had a million dollars latter group I would include rationalists, modern- to give I would invest it directly, through the ists, agnostics and humanists, who have really no kind of missionary I could trust (and there are Christian message for the people of the Orient. many of them), for the training and sending out of native evangelists who would in time become Among the greatest missionaries beginning pastors of the little churches of Christ which are with those who went out from Jerusalem down springing up throughout the Orient as the result to the present day, not many wise, not many of the preaching of God's Word. We "subsidize" mighty, according to human standards, have been leading ministers of the great churches of New called, and yet we have had such men as Carey, York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, and Provi- Morrison, Livingstone, Judson, Verbeck; and, dence. They do not always show the spiritual or thank God, we have today such women and social results we might expect, even though their men who are willing to count little in a worldly "subsidies," in the form of salaries, are large appraisal but who stand high in ability and schol- enough in some cases to maintain a whole flock arship. Some of these outstanding men and of evangelists in a foreign field. women would be quick to defend those who have laid down their lives for Christ, even as that We come back to our Charter. Most missionfirst group of humble, untrained fishermen gave aries who have gone out under evangelical themselves to carry the Gospel to the regions be- churches have gone at the call of God. They beyond. Most of the boards have rather high lieve in Christ, not merely as a way of life, but standards for health, moral character, education, they believe that, by the miracle of the new birth, and special training for their missionaries. We the "Way of Life" will be opened to people of should maintain these standards and we can tes- different races throughout the world. Most of tify to the ability of the great body of men and these missionaries accept the Gospel of the Lord women who are now on the mission fields. Jesus Christ, 'as recorded in the prophecies of the Old Testament and in the history of the New, as Another recommendation of the Appraisers is the only basis for their calling, their message, that missionaries in the main should be with- and their service. They have found no other drawn and should be replaced by trained Ori-

Saviour of men, 110 other redemption except that Foreign Bible Society (1902), we learn that to offered through the Cross of Christ and the res- date approximately five hundred million copies urrection of our Lord. of the Scripture and portions have been trans- Any true appraisal of mission work must be lated and distributed in six hundred languages, based on the truth represented in the great Com- largely the work of missionaries who were and mission of our Lord and in the Apostles Creed. are scholars.

Those messengers sent out by Christ had lived "The gift of tongues at Pentecost was a small and learned with him for three years. They often testimony compared with this Pentecostal gift failed and many made mistakes, but they were which enables all peoples of the earth to learn used to found the Church. They were not hu- in their own tongue the wonderful works of manists; they were not rationalists; they were God." Unless we recognize this record of the su- not philosophers; but they were born from pernatural as divine wisdom, rather than "super- above; they were called of God; they were sent stition," we shall fail. If the Holy Scriptures are out endued with the power of the Holy Spirit accepted as the rule of our faith and practice, without which they could not expect to accom- and are not set aside by those who seek to domiplish anything of permanent value. They were nate theological thinking today, we shall have promised the continued companionship of the the great spiritual miracle of foreign missions Lord Himself, and today wherever we find any- perpetuated among all peoples. There can be thing of value in foreign mission work, or in re- no foreign mission enterprise without adherence ligious work at home, it is based essentially on to the belief in the Bible as the Word of God and the truth of this divine Gospel proclaimed the divinely inspired Charter of the enterprise. through such missionaries by word and deed.

Many appraisers have gone out to investigate THE GO-BETWEEN and report, beginning with those who went out to investigate the Land of Canaan in the days of By LEREINE BALLANTYNE, Toronto, Canada Moses. In the first group of twelve only two seem to have brought back any hopeful report. SI'C1'ctary oj PHblication8~ H'omen's .J.~IissiollarY' Society, Presbyt(,Tiull Church in Canada; author of ({Spirit Fire/' uThe Seven Seas of Scrvicc/' HFi'f(;li[lht F'ancies/' etc.

Caleb and Joshua sensed what was the real se- The Easterner's Quest The Christian's Answer cret of victory. Centuries later other appraisers, Paul and Barnabas, Peter, Luke and John and White clouds ride high; Seek not beyond others, investigated and made their reports con- The sun is dim; The drifting clouds; cerning the field and the work. They were endowed with the Holy Spirit. The main quali- God lives beyond- Nor yet within fication for any group of appraisers is their I know not Him. Ancestral shrouds. enduement with the Holy Spirit and their ability to recognize His work. The spirit of modern The earth I see; God has sent down humanistic philosophy is not sufficient to make I feel its wealth; To Earth's slopes, green, Its food I eat; His own true Son, Absorb its health. As Go-Between.

their appraisal of value. We believe in a divinely Yet something strong He made the perfect inspired call and preparation for the messengers Within me cries; Sacrifice. of Christ and in a divine program. We shall I seek to know God needs no more continue to believe and to work according to the Some paradise. Burnt flesh, or rice.

program. Some truth secure, Something more sweet The work of foreign missions is not com- Some knowledge pure, And true He gives; pleted. But only as it is carried on in conformity That Life goes on A faith more deep with the Charter, the Commission and prepara- And shall endure. A hope that lives.

tion required in the Word of God, will it have God lives beyond Take it, and know any power to bring men to know Him and the The mountains lean. The life supreme. power of His resurrection. I need, Great One, Lord Jesus is In the Centenary Report of the British and A Go-Between. God's Go-Between.

A critic of mi~sions who says: "I am not willing to spend my money to try to impose my beliefs on others," represents those who seem to think that missionary activity is designed merely to change people's opinions. Could that man see what is going on in many communities where missionaries are laboring-in the cities, and mountains of America and in the neglected lands he would discover that lives are being changed and communities are being made over by Christian missionary activity, especially by the patient, "shining" of Christian lives, giving forth light in dark places. Missionaries go to take Christ who changes men's lives.

to the Laymen's

AMONG the many comments on the Laymen's not by having some missionaries who only preach and .r-. Commission Report the following show other missionaries who only heal or teach but by hav- ing all missionaries communicate the Gospel by both the preliminary reactions in some mission deed and word." fields, in American churches and mission boards. Occasional reviews and appraisals of missionary The Board adheres unqualifiedly to this purpose in methods and results are useful but these may be the prosecution of its commission…. overdone. They are valuable in proportion as the appraisers appreciate the true purpose, ideals The Board is prepared to make any changes in meth- and abiding fruits of the work. Goodwill, hon- ods and policies and administration which will advance esty and care are not enough to assure sound the cause of Christ throughout the world, and which judgment. Our methods of work should change will bring to all men those saving gifts of truth and but only God has the right to change the basic life which can come through Him alone. nature and purpose of His commission to evan- gelize the world. The AlIwrican Baptist Foreign Missionary So- ciety has issued a preliminary statement which is A general criticism has been against the to be followed by others. This statement says: method of advance releases of sections of the Re- port, not only in all parts of America, but in None of the mission boards is responsible for the Europe and in mission lands. The effect of this observations and conclusions of the Report. Many of the recommendations cover ground entirely familiar is shown in a letter from Dr. George S. McCune, to the missionary organizations…. The Report does our missionaries less than justice. . . . This service President of the Union Christian College of calls for a high degree of self-sacrifice and many are Korea, who writes as follows: bearing burdens far beyond their strength on account of our inability to send reinforcements…. Our boards We are greatly exercised over the report of the Lay- have expressed their own viewpoint (as to the basis men's Commission. We feel that a great injustice and and scope of the enterprise) that "The paramount aim harm is being done here by their publication. All the of the Christian missionary enterprise is to lead men vernacular papers are tarrying the findings (releases). everywhere to accept Jesus Christ as Saviour and At the time when we are trying hard to keep our Lord, through whom they may find the Father and to school work up to tone and evangelistic in effect, to establish among them New Testament churches. . . . have such suggestions made by a Commission from The specific recommendation of parts II and III (of our home churches certainly cramps the wheels of the Report) will be taken into serious consideration. progress. . . . Not all of the proposals are acceptable to our boards or to our constituency." Mission boards have received the Report with varied expressions. The official pronouncement The preliminary statement adopted by the Ex- of the General Council of the Presbyterian ecutive Committee of the Board of Foreign Mis- Church "emphatically dissents from the conclu- sions of the Reformed Church in America states: sions of the Commission as effecting the aim and message of the missionary enterprise. What is The Reformed Church in America is committed to proposed is virtually a denial of evangelical the purpose of making Jesus Christ known to all men Christianity." as Redeemer and Master, both for the saving of their souls and for the rectifying of their lives personally The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions and socially. The Board of Foreign Missions has this has issued a statement which says in part: mandate from the great Head of the Church. No other basis can be considered. No less or other pur- The Board recognizes with appreciation the earnest- pose could command the support of the Reformed ness a,nd sincerity and devotion of the members of the Church for so weighty an enterprise as that of for- Commission and the Inquiry. . . . The Board affirms eign missions, nor call to its forces the young men its abiding loyalty to the evangelical basis of the mis- and women who are needed on the field…. sionary enterprise…. The Board will continue to give the most careful The Board regards the evangelistic purpose of mis- scrutiny to its work, both at the home base and on the sions, when truly conceived, to be paramount. As the field, to see where adjustment or revision may be Lakeville Conference of the Board and representatives needed at any time to make it more efficient, keeping . of all its missions with representatives of the national always in mind its primary purpose and its obligation churches in June, 1931, declared: to the Church for which it acts and which looks to it fOI" leadership in its foreign missionary work. "We believe that the Gospel is to be proclaimed and .J esus Christ to be made known, not by word or deed The American Boar'd of Commissioners for but by word lind deed; that pl'eaching Christ and liv- Poreign Missions (Congregational) has viewed iug Christ are not to be dissociated; that truth and the whole basil'! and recommendations of the Lay- life go togethel' and that this union is to he effected [ 43 ]

men's Commission in a much more favorable Christ and His Gospel as will inspire so vast an underlight. The Board says in a published letter: taking as that of winning the world to Him.

After adequate discussion and conference on the DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, for over forty years three missionary fields surveyed, and after securing a pioneer missionary to Moslems, and now Prothe well-considered opinions of pastors and corporate fessor of History of Religion and Christian Mismembers, the Board stands ready to accept whatever sions in Princeton Theological Seminary, writes future changes in method and policy may -seem wise. as follows in The Presbyterian Banner: So important are the proposals of the Commission- The old Biblical Christo-centric basis for missions ers that the Board is issuing as an aid to its study, is discarded in the Report…. The message here is a sixty-four page booklet which will contain in eight humanistic idealism, not redemption. "An idealism chapters (1) a brief statement of the recommenda- solidly based upon the testimony of human experience tions of the Report on each aspect of missionary work, and upon the eternal nature of the universe"-what- (2) concrete examples of work in our own missions ever that may mean. "All fences and private properto which the propo-sals apply, (3) comment upon the ties in truth are futile," they -say; "the final truth, merit of the recommendations by our secretarial whatever it may be, is the New Testament of evenj staff. . . . existing faith."

At the Annual Meeting of the Board the fol- Such an appraisal of the basis and aim of missions lowing was adopted: is out .of focus. It resembles a passport photograph, sufficiently accurate for purposes of identification to We urge upon our churches that they study care- outsiders, but hardly suited for enlargement and adfully this masterly survey. Our very confidence in miration. The appraisal in our opinion will not prothe missionary cause and our faith in the integrity duce a new Laymen's Movement, nor greatly increase and permanence of the movement causes us to rejoice missionary gifts to the boards concerned, nor secure in every criticism which tends to break up compla- an array of qualified volunteers from the universities. cency and compels us to compare our actual perform- When Moses at the command of God -sent out his apance with the precise needs of the people with whom praisal committee and they brought in their report, it was not a victorious document: "We saw the giants, we work. the sons .of Anak, and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight." Joshua The Board of Foreign Missions of the Method- and Caleb tried to -save the situation, but mob psycholist Episcopal Church also views the Report more ogy took a hand at Kadesh Barnea, and unbelief trifavorably than many others. Bishop McConnell, umphed. Absit omen. the President of the Board, has already appointed a committee on "Inter-Church Cooperation." The Dr. Paul deSchweinitz, for some years the Secstatement issued by the Board does Dot comment retary-Treasurer of Moravian Missions in North on the doctrinal basis of the Report but deals America-that great pioneer missionary society with other features: now celebrating its two hundredth anniversary, says briefly: The Commissioners revealed breadth .of sympathy, keen insight and an earnest conviction that foreign The attitude of the Appraisal Commission runs dimissions, while needing constructive changes in the rectly counter to the underlying motives of all Moramethods of approach and policies and programs of vian missionary endeavor. work, must go on. As the Commission stated, "To any man or Church posse-ssed of religious certainty, From the United Lutheran Church comes a the mission in some form is a matter not of choice brief word from Dr. George Drach, Secretary of but of obligation…." the Board of Foreign Missions: The inescapable challenge .of this Report should ap- From the religious point of view, the Appraisal is peal to our laymen and should serve to turn apathy entirely unsatisfactory, but from the practical point and indifference into interest and support. Further, of view, as far as administration and -some adjustment the search for reality and courageous facing of the in foreign fields are concerned, the Report may be issues so characteristic of this Inquiry are in full ac- helpful. cord with the temper of youth today and will give new meaning and effect to the Christian message as it is The China Inland Mission, with over thirteen presented to this disturbed and di-stracted modern hundred missionaries in China and a long history world. of remarkable achivement, is one of the inde- pendent missions outside the purview of the Ap- Dr. James Endicott, Secretary of the Board of praisal Commission. The Home Director, Dr. Missions of the United Church of Canada, and Robert H. Glover, a former missionary in China, formerly a missionary in China, calls attention says in a personal letter: to the critical difference between the position taken by the Appraisal Commission and that My protest against the views and findings of this taken by the Jerusalem Conference (on nOD- Commission will be not so much in word as in action, Christian religions). for I shall be stimulated to more earnestness and de- votion than ever before to carry out the Saviour's true While the latter group stated in an unmistakable missionary commissi.on and to help complete the taRk way the supremacy of Christ and the infinite value of enjoined by Him. the Gospel message, the Appraisal Commission Report lacks any satisfactory indication of such a faith in

REACTIONS TO THE LAYMEN'S REPORT

In The Alliance Weekly, of the Christian and Foreign Missions of our Church, and to the whole mis- Missionary Alliance (another independent so- sionary enterprise of every church the world over. ciety), the Rev. David Mason, one of the Secretaries of the Alliance, voices the convictions of all DR. SHERWOOD EDDY, formerly a missionary "Faith Missions" on the great Christian motive and Y. M. C. A. worker, and now an author, a which the Appraisal Commission would discard: traveler and lecturer, says in The World To- morrow: We believe that millions of souls are in danger of eternal death and ought to have an opportunity of It is an able document, objective, scientific, fearless, life, and that that life is to be had only in Christ Jesus. soundly critical but also constructive and creative, and We believe also that the King's business requires will in time force the bulk of the foreign missionary haste, and the need is more urgent today than ever; enterprise to revise its methods and enter the modern world as the great history making dynamic which it is therefore "Go ye." capable of becoming.

Some pastors have voiced the views of churches Dr. Howard Agnew Johnston, pastor of the at home which are supporting the work carried Immanuel Presbyterian Church of Milwaukee, a on by the church boards. One of these, Dr. world traveler and long a student of missions, George W. Arms, pastor of the large Bedford writes: Presbyterian Church in Brooklyn, New York, The report is utterly unjust to the rank and file of writes in The Presbyterian: missionary workers. The failure to magnify the es- The Report of the Appraisal Commission . . . has sential place of Jesus Christ as the only hope and Savdenied the Scriptural ground of revealed, truth. . . . iour of the whole world is the most glaring fault in The position on which they build their criticisms is the report, and the ,suggestion about a super-board in purely "another Gospel." It means that either our the matter of administration is a startling presumpown church board must repUdiate this Report or else tion. It looks as if we had come to the point where the Church will repudiate the church board. the Church will be challenged to take its stand on one side or the other in connection with the place that our Another pastor, a former moderator of the Lord Jesus Christ is to have in the Church. I hope Presbyterian General Assembly who recently very much that the attitude taken by the Presbyterian visited the mission fields, Dr. Hugh T. Kerr of Board will be adopted by the Protestant churches Pittsburgh, says in The Presbyterian Banner: generally.

There is much in the Report that is of great value The China Critic, an English monthly puband interest. . . . But the Report fails to point out lished in Shanghai, favors the recommendations the progress that has already been made along the on missionary education and in relation to nonlines of Christian unity…. It seems to champion Christian religions. It says: the position that Christianity is not the one and only saving faith…. This position Christians cannot take. The report is both fair in its opinion and C'onstruc- . . . The idea of having a non-theological religion is tive in its recommendations.

nonsense. A non-theological religion is a non-intel- DR. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, professor and pastor lectual religion. at Princeton, New Jersey, an author and a trav- LAYMEN also comment on the Laymen's Re- eler in mission lands, a former moderator of the port. Dr. Hugh R. Munro, President of the Presbyterian General Assembly, and President of Montclair National Bank, says briefly: the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, ex- The fundamental defect, as I see it, is that these presses his views in The Presbyterian, from good men have lost sight of the true missionary mo- which we quote: tive. The Report is disappointing, not to say distressing.

A group of Congregational laymen, however, In contrast with the unifying and comprehensive dewarmly commend the Report and approve in prin- liverances of the Missionary Conference at Jerusalem, ciple its recommendations. They adopted resolu- this Report is divisive and defective. It does contain tions recommending to the American Board: commendable features. Some of its critici,sms are fair, but these are also familiar. Certain of its pro- (1) That it shape its policies along the lines recom- posals are wise, but for the most part these already mended in the Report, and (2) that it cooperate with have been acted upon in principle….

the Laymen's Committee and other denominations in The vital defect of the Report, however, is found in working out the measures to be taken toward united its doctrinal statements and implications. Christian- action in mission work. ity is not presented as a supernatural revelation of FRANK A. HORNE, a Methodist layman, and a the redemption wrought by Christ, but rather as "the member of the Laymen's Committee, writes in religion of the modern man, the religious aspect of the coming world culture." "The uniqueness of Chris- The Christian Advocate: tianity" consists in its selection and grouping of doc- Personally I am thrilled with the Report, and I know .trines which -it holds "in common with other reli- the other members of the Methodist Episcopal Com- gions," instead of its distinctive truths, such as mittee of laymen are equally enthusiastic over its incarnation, atonement, resurrection and the incom- value to the future plans and work of the Board of parable character and claims of Christ.

Ways of

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO '~II ~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~=~____________1~1i§i TIMELY SUGGESTIONS Missionary Society entertains Meeting" in place of fruit basket the juniors, Mrs. William H. when you want to change places.

TURNING OVER NEW LEAVES Veenboer says: Twist your pic- "The Treasure Train" is the This title heads the first pro- ture of the Pied Piper of Ham- name of the new gift container gram in the Yearbook of the lin to represent the Woman's for the children, as used by Bap- Woodruff Place Baptist Church, Home Missionary Society play- tists this year. "It pictures a Indianapolis. Its symposium on ing enticing tunes with all types railroad engine and two cars. Missionary Education features of children following after. The wheels are slots in which "World Friendship Cultivated Careful searching will produce when filled there will be two Through (1) Books, (2) Schools a trumpeter, and children may quarters and eight dimes. The be cut from many sources. If of Missions, (3) Study Classes, your meeting is in the after- train is loaded with mission- (4) Denominational Papers, (5) noon, your program will doubt- aries, churches, schools, hos- Stories, (6) Visualization, (7) less be well on its way before pitals, Bibles, medicine, etc., all Pageants." A meditation on the children arrive from school, ready to help tell the world "Information, Thought, Deci- about our Saviour as soon as we sion, Action," furnishes the de- and yet they may be there for a supply the wheels. These gift votional portion. By means of good portion of it…. Children containers may be used in Suna large book made of wrapping do not think in abstract terms. day schools or other children's Visualize so that they can folpaper, denominational papers low. Use plenty of posters to il- organizations if the money is to and magazines, missionary lustrate or work up interesting be given to the denominational exhibits. When talking about work and reported." books and leaflets were pro- migrants, a simple thing to do moted by another group. "Turn- OUR MISSIONARY HEROES ing the Leaves" as the program would be to have some cans of progressed brought to view tomatoes, shrimps, oysters and In a setting of pictures and copies of the magazines, book other fruits and vegetables with patriotic decorations relative to jackets and leaflets mounted on little dolls representing tired the birthdays of Washington the pages of the improvised vol- boys and girls grouped about. and Lincoln, introduce well told ume. Missionary magazine subscriptions were solicited at the Since we are entertaining the stories of Paton, Livingstone, close of the meeting and other juniors, we want to play at least Sheldon Jackson, Grenfell, and literature was sold. Leaflets one game with them. Animated others, whose patriotism exwere used as place cards at the alphabet is a lively one. Make pressed in world-service has two sets of the alphabet-one in done so much to extend brotherensuing luncheon. red, one in blue-or choose your hood and promote Kingdom-citi- CHILDREN'S WORK IN THE own color scheme. Divide the zenship. Give a similar turn to NEW YEAR group into reds and blues with luncheons and dinners during The missionary training of a cleared space for the contest- the month of February. the children is our only insur- ants to stand. Have ready a list ance policy for the perpetuation of words of missionary interest ApPLIED NEW YEAR'S RESOof our missionary interests, for the children to spell. The object is to see which side can LUTIONS form the word first. The junhence it is of paramount im- iors having the right letters Pass around slips of paper on portance. The beginning of the rush up to the front and form which each person at the meetcalendar year is an appropriate ing is asked to express (1) her time for any senior missionary organization to invite the jun- the word. A tally is kept so wish for the missionary society iors either to be entertained or that the winning side may be in the opening year, and (2) her to give an entire program of determined. resolve as to personal service in their own-and how enthusi- "Fruit Basket" can become a actuating the ideal. Let the astic the little folks are over the missionary game by giving the papers be exchanged without latter plan. Writing of devices names of institutions in place of signature and read by the reto he used when the Woman's fruit, and by calling "Annual cipients.

[ 46 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Majoring on the Devotional And again, there are the per- Last year circles died; hopes ennial hymns whose fitness for died, and many budgets died- Service the devotionals consists in their mention of desert sands or "the all owing to these wet blankets: The mainspring of a method heathen in his blindness"-fine "The depression is on and we must be its spiritual intent and hymns, but cheapened by their just can't meet our budget"; not its technique. While fresh- too frequent repetition and by "No use trying new plans in our ness, variety and adaptability to lack of specific adaptation to the modern thought and conditions subject in hand. With all the Conference-the girls won't atare striven for, it is the earnest choice religious music available, tend"; "You just cannot interintention of the editor of this hymns and special selections est girls in missions these days" ; department to put motive, pur- may fit the theme as an appeal "Girls can't afford to take the fits the need. Away with all missionary magazine"; "Girls pose and attitude of mind ahead such if we would give the devoof mere performance. A spir- tionals the place, preparation haven't sixty cents to pay dues," and emphasis due the power- and so on ad infinitum. Enough itual dynamic is an absolute generator in the meeting. prerequisite for the release of wet blankets were available last power on near and far fields of (This theme to be continued year to supply a whole army of missionary service. Nowhere is next month.) "It-can't-be-dones" !

this more imperative than in the Now wouldn't it be marvelous devotional service. On the ac- at the beginning of this year to cumulated evidence of a con- follow the Indian custom for all siderable lifetime of missionary Navajo Blankets versus Wet these deaths and have a huge meetings, the author feels quali- Blankets bonfire to burn up the wet blan- kets of discouragement? "With fied to say that in too many Hannah Pennock Miller, Na- God all things are possible." If cases, the devotionals are a tional Secretary of the Depart- only folks would keep affirming pious form to be gone through, ment of Young People under the and believing this, "miracles" Woman's Home Missionary So- would continue to happen. Even with perfectly good intentions ciety of the Methodist Episco- the New Psychology has proven but with precious little prepara- pal Church, sends THE REVIEW what such affirmations do in our tion, as an accredited clearance this inspiring article designed lives. for the program to follow. primarily for the younger work- In this Indian year, don't wait ers but equally applicable with- for others. Begin throwing A survey of ruts would in- out age limitations. It is a your own wet blankets on the evitably include "the usual mis- timely message in the midst of funeral pyre and using the Nasionary meeting," in which the our Great Depression. It is vaj 0 blanket instead. Now a devotional path is as hard-trod- Miss Miller's custom to cor- Navajo blanket is perfect in deden as any old buffalo trail and respond regularly with her sec- sign. (Here the writer urges a as deep as the sunken roads of retaries by personal letters and complete application of the de- China. What inherent merit is also with the girls' missionary nominational plans for the there in a long passage of Scrip- organizations through a month- year.) ture followed by a more or less ly letter in the missionary magunrelated prayer? or why must azine of her denomination, gen- A Navajo blanket is beauti- erally following a theme with . jul. (Application to a missionit last 15 minutes? Why are which is interwoven the specific women, not gifted for other pro- ary circle of girls working in gram appearance, tucked away things she desires the girls to order, harmony and unity toin the devotional period "to give do. The following is a sample, them something to do"? ward a goal they are determined . abridged from a letter at the to reach.) Then there are the late begin- opening of the new fiscal year: nings for the meetings, prefaced A Navajo blanket has warmth. with the remark: "We might Enthusiasm, ardor, hospitality, wait ten minutes for the others to come and meanwhile sing two DEAR GIRLS: good cheer, kindle love and stanzas of 'Rescue the Perish- As this is Indian year, and as neighborliness. Let every girl ing' as part of our devotionals." many of us stilI cannot think of put on her Navajo blanket and Perishing indeed, and some do the Indian without thinking of sit around a real fire of burning not realize the reason why! his blanket, I am prompted to desire to do her part this year Then there are the hit-or-miss write you this little disserta- to make her circle succeed. Scripture passages with the en- tion. There is a custom among A Navajo blanket is attrac- suing request for the minister's some Indians that when a death ave. In these days, girls' miswife to offer a short prayer; occurs in the family, everything sionary organizations must com- and the hasty selection of "a is burned and there is a com- pete with high school clubs and Psalm with 'heathen' in it for plete new beginning. While this all other organizations doing appropriateness-O, yes, here is wasteful custom tends to pro- girls' work. We just can't ex- 'Why do the heathen rage,' that Ion g poverty by destroying pect modern girls to come to will do nicely." Rage indeed; things that should be kept,' I dull meetings. We need to use they ought to, at our lack of would like to recommend a bon- all our ingenuity, originality, moral earnestness in seeking fire for the wet blankets all over ability, to prove that missionary their salvation! the land. meetings can be made attrac-

tive, if they are earnestly and promotes good will between the U. S. others; for a renewal of confidence painstakingly planned for in ad- and China: (3) endeavors to modern- in the sufficiency of Christ for every ize Chinese Life. crisis in the affairs of men: for the vance. people dedicated for missionary serv- A N a v a j 0 blanket costs Key to Right Answers Ice .at the Northern Baptist Con- ventIOn: for those now going into money, but everything in this 1. About 400,000,000. unknown territory with the first mesworld worth having has a price, 2. Republic. sage of the Gospel: for the native and why not a thing as worthful 3. Eighteen. churches that carry alone the task of as missionary endeavor? (Enu- 4. Native religion of China. winning their own communities' for meration of the several items of 5. Nanking. the Christians in China in this'time benevolence in the denomina- 6. Uprising against foreigners. of great political change and ecot ion a I organization.) Who 7. Last emperors of China. nomic distress; for the Kingdom of would begrudge the money it 8. Japanese. ~od Movement in Japan and for its costs to be missionary-spirited, 9. First president of Chinese Re- mfluence . here at home in deeper aft e r catching a vision of public. consecratIOn; for all missionaries Christ's objective in the com- 10. Endeavors to modernize Chi- eve~y,,:here ',¥ho are handicapped by mand, "Go ye into all the nese life. preJudIce, mIsunderstanding and opworld"? Just try putting Him position; that churches at home and -MRS. GRACE H. HONDELINK, first this year and see how all First Reformed Church, abrofd may. tes.t thefr belief that things necessary for your well- Rochester, N. Y. man s extre?mty 'IS God s opportunity; being will be added unto you. that all d~rectly related to mission He has promised and He never A Missionary Keynote in work may have courage and faith to fails. face seemingly impossible tasks. Depression Intelligence Test on China The whole thing is intended as a "Shall We Be Christian?" practical test of the reality of our The following introductory This startling but by no professed faith in the power of exercise was used as an ice- means redundant question was prayer, and a gauge of how much we breaker in my classes at the the theme for multi-discussion believe in it. "This," says Dr. How- La keG e n e v a (Wisconsin) at the annual meeting of the a!"d B. Grose: in Missions, "is begin- School of Missions last summer Northern Baptist Convention at nmg at the rIght place. In a revived and proved very effective in San Francisco; and the ans";er, spiritual life in the churches, the restirring up interest. After com- expressed in terms of missions sult of the communion with God pleting the test, the pupils and as well as church, social and which is involved in the pray-itteacher discussed the topics but civic endeavor, involved a right- through idea, lies the promise and papers were not handed in. about-face in many lines of en- possibility of the solution of the mis- deavor. The outgrowth of the sionary problems that make this a Multiple Choice-Check Right soul-searching discussions was peculiarly solemn and testing year." Answers the adoption of a slogan and a program, the former being an The overwhelming response 1. China's population is (1) about injunction pertinent to the to the plan up to date evithe same as that of the U. S.: (2) Great Depression-no less in dences the consciousness of need nearly 200,000,000: (3) about 400,- spiritual than in economic life: to which it appeals. Would that 000,000. "PRAY IT THROUGH." The pro- with disregard of denomina- 2. The government is a (1) mon- gram involved a definite, per- tional lines, Christians of every archy: (2) republic: (3) an empire. sonal pledge to follow daily a name might unite to "Pray It 3. China is made up of (1) three' schedule of prayer for which a Through"; for talk learnedly as ,(2) eighteen: (3) twenty-five prov: list of topics is provided each you will in terms of economics, Inces. month, the chairman of the sociology or psychology, about 4. Confucianism is a (1) Chinese planning committee, Dr. Ber- t~e roots of t?is greatest deprescas.te system: (2) religion brought to nard C. Clausen, of Syracuse SIOn of all tImes, the main tap Chma from Japan: (3) native reli- spending the entire month of root that refuses to budge for gion of China. October making addresses in mere erudition is the decline of 5. The capital of China is (1) Nan- prominent Baptist centers in spirituality and dependence king: (2) Pieping: (3) Shanghai. order to organize, energize and upon God. We shall never 6. The Boxer War was (1) an up- activate the movement. "snap out" of the depression, rising against foreigners: (2) a con- The trend of the intercession nor y;et find relief by pressing flict between professional wrestlers' will be seen from a few excerpts the rIght button for a shift in (3) an inter-provincial war. ' selected from the October sched- our individual or national psy- 7. Manchus were (1) rulers of ule, each request representing chology. The great Method of Manchuria: (2) the last emperors a day's assignment: Methods the editor of this deof China: (3) discharged soldiers partment would impress is, from Manchuria. Pray for honesty to examine your PRAY IT THROUGH, with sincere 8. The Sino-Japanese war was won life in God's presence and to follow repentance and bringing forth by (1) Japanese: (2) Chinese' (3) His guidance: for that consecration of the fruits thereof. ended in victory for neither. ' which lives in sacrifice as it ministers ~. Sun Yat.Sen was (1) an ancient to the world; for an intimate dis- They are not gone who pass Chmese warrIOr: (2) the first presi- cipleship with Christ and a loving Beyond the clasp of hand, dent of the Chinese Republic: (3) and understanding spirit towards They are not lost who find the last emperor of China. The sunset gate, the goal 10. The New Thought Movement is Of all their faithful years (1) a purely religious effort: (2) Who find the light of sun' And stars and God.

-Selected.

'~I==,",","",===============I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'_ _ _ _ _ _———————_ _ _ _ _ _I~'

WORLD PEACE CHRISTIAN SERVICE AMONG MIGRANTS The eighth Conference on the of prayer and giving for others. From the Diary of a Migrant Center Cause and Cure of War, in From beans, to peas, to letwhich eleven national women's Six hundred Italian migrants are organizations are cooperating, tuce, to cantaloupe, to cotton, here for "beans" and "peas." Buildwill be held at Hotel Washing- to berries, these children have ings constructed for winter quarters ton, Washington, D. C., January come-a part of the great pro- for a circus have been remodeled and 17-20, 1933. The program pre- cession following the crops in now house these migrant families. sents unusual variety, providing response to the demand for sea- Three rooms in the heart of these challenging addresses and de- sonal labor in harvest and can- "migrant homes," quarters assigned bate upon every fundamental ning seasons, thus losing the sometimes to three families, are to be dispute involved in the discus- advantages of organized com- our center. They look out upon the sion upon peace and war. munity life. Here the Christian beautiful wooded hills which rise center is sheltering the little above the "shack village." Many missionary societies are children from weary days of including in their program of toil in the heat of the fields and The center opened today to the work the study of WorId Peace. danger of the cannery, and is bangs and knocks of a carpenter's There have been prepared five building in them spiritual and hammer plus the cries of a multitude oackets on Disarmament, The physical strength. In areas of children. The carpenter really World Court, Militarism in where the migrants are widely was building shelves for our three- Education, The League of Na- scattered, the Christian nurse room center and the children were tions, and The Cause and Cure travels from shack to shack as clamoring for the nice, new toys. of War, which may be secured friend and counselor. Their calls of "Teacher, gimme a from the office of the Council of ball"; "I want a doll"; "Can I have Women for Home Missions. In this Christian program what she's got?" are still ringing in They are loaned for the price of among the migrant people the our ears. postage or sold for one dollar churches are working unitedly each. through the Council of Women We finished straightening the for Home Missions in Califor- rooms–kitchen, nursery and play- WORLD DAY OF PRAYER nia, Oregon, Washington, Colo- room. Each has a congoleum rug, r ado, Arkansas, Connecticut, screen door, shelves and curtains. On March 3, 1933, groups New York, New Jersey, Dela~ The migrants visited and exclaimed throughout the world will be ware and Maryland, bringing to each other, "Nize, huh?" uniting in the observance of the together forces that can help to World Day of Prayer. This meet the needs of the migrant We followed our program todayyear, in addition to the adult child. clean-up, recording attendance, worprogram, there has been pre- ship, handwork, games, lunch, rest pared a children's program, [49 ] hour, stories, crackers and milk. printed attractively on paper of different colors ($.01 each; $.50 As these last were being served toa hundred). The four mission- day most of the children waited paary projects for which the offer- tiently to say grace but little Lewis ings are to be given-the two grew a bit impatient and asked, home projects, Indian Work and "Ain't we going to say, 'Thank you, Migrant Work, described on God'?-the first real interest shown these pages, and the two foreign in the blessing. projects, Union Christian Colleges and Christian Literature for Women and Children in Foreign Fields-may be presented through brief talks by women of the group, through impersonation or simple dramatization. The day is essentially one

Now the gang goes to the field so COOPERATION WITH INDIAN AMERICANS early in the morning the children are sleepy when they come to the center, Young Indian Americans in giously, they need more friends, so each morning at seven o'clock all their efforts to become useful and they need them now! the children rest. So far the great citizens in the U. S. A. and in majority sleep till eight-thirty or nine the Kingdom of God find in The Christian work carried o'clock and then, after lunch, they all their way mountains of mis- on by religious work directors understanding concerning their supported by fourteen denomisleep again. past history, barriers of racial nations jointly through the Such confusion today! A strike is discrimination on the part of Council of Women for Home some fellow citizens, and Missions and Home Missions on. The "gang" wants more pay. Of "hurts" from others through Council is helping young Incourse, the excitement reacts on the indifference and ignorance conchildren. cerning their present situation. dians to overcome obstacles and find the Way of Life. Because The older boys and girls were given They appreciate the friend- of lack of funds, this work is at the privilege of taking out books from ship of government officials and present limited to seven schools our small library today. At least teachers, of missionaries and of whereas there are about fifty twenty-five books were taken. And the Christian town-folk. Edu- United States Indian schools in the clinics-poor Miss Margaret had cationally, economically, rei i- which interdenominational reliher hands full. She worked from gious work directors could be nine till twelve treating wounds, and then finished the day by treating placed. more when the "gang" came back from the field this evening.

This morning Mr. B. came and took me to the cannery to see how beans were canned. It was most interesting. When we had gone through nearly the whole process we came to the place where beans were packed into the cans. The girls pressed them in firmly. They barely glanced at the can. In a flash it came to me that some of the children were being placed in life as the beans were placed in the cans. By a firm, powerful force beyond their control. Some were being packed in straight and fine, others crooked, bent and cracked, others were cut off by the sharp edge of the can as they were being placed in. It is a glorious privilege to help some of the children enter life a bit straighter and stronger.

Excerpts from Reports of Interde- Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas ent time there is in the process of construction a new shop building. nominational Work of Directors "Our Sunday school is organized This will greatly increase the interest with student officers. Miss Scudder of Haskell students in vocational Among Indian Boys and is the sponsor and director of these work." officers. Each Sunday morning we Girls in Government have a general assembly for a thirty- Sherman Institute, Riverside, Cali- minute worship period. The different fornia Schools classes take turns in providing the program. The program is something "This year we had 840 Protestant Theodore Roosevelt Indian School, as follows: A song, Scripture read- students with 20 of our junior and Fort Apache, Arizona ing, prayer, talk by one of the stu- senior class members as leaders in dents, the offering, a song, reports of our Sunday school. We have a splen- "It is interesting to notice the dif- did choir as in past years. Miss ference in response that I get from class attendance of the previous Sun- Wight is in charge of the Junior the children this year in comparison day." Church, 125 smaller children, which with that of last year. It is really a meets in the basement of the chapel. crime to change workers with the In- "The second semester of this year Our Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. dian children every year. They are there were interdenominational classes organizations have been wonderful. just beginning to feel as if they knew taught in the high school department Christine Reuben and Patrick Honme now." of the school. These met five times owa were the presidents. We have a a week and were given the same large Christian Endeavor Society "My Monday group of Girl Re- amount of credit as any other elective Sunday afternoons. Our socials have serves are a picked group. I chose course in the high schooL" been on a high order throughout the 12 girls who seemed to have some entire year. All in all, we have been leadership qualities. I want to see "Our Student Council of Religious wonderfully blessed by our heavenly what I can do to develop them. They Education has been a great help in Father in all we have attempted to are the older girls of the school. I planning and carrying out our ac- do. Remember us in your prayers." asked them what they would like to do this year. I had various sugges- tivities." "Everywhere I went on my trip to tions but one of the girls said, 'Why "Our Young Men's Forum club has Arizona and New Mexico, I was corcan't we practice on a program and dially received by young and old as put it on in a school far away?' I started out better than ever before. soon as they were told I was a misliked the suggestion and I am quite We have had to move from our old sionary from Sherman. The returned sure it will do the girls good to have room, which holds about a hundred, students seemed to be taking a promthis experience. The principal says to a larger hall. The added emphasis inent place in the Indian life on the that we can arrange to have a gov- that is being placed on vocational reservation." ernment truck take us to some near- work at Haskell perhaps has someby Indian school for such a program." thing to do with the interest in our Forum club. Our programs are based on vocational subjects. At the pres-

~[~ OUf World~wide Outlook '1'1"

~~I ~~~~=A=M=iss=ion=ar=y ~New=sp=ap~er~of~Cu=rr=en=t E=ven~ts~~~~~I~' __ God in Human Lives Scripture supplied to the world Among the European countries the in the one year-and this in the following figures are given: The Evangelisches Missions- face of the depression of 1931. magazin of the Basel Mission Poland ………. 3,150,000 has been publishing a survey of AMERICA 1931 Soviet Russia …. 2,800,000 missionary effort during the last Rumania …….. 920,000 ten years. The close of this sur- Volumes Germany …….. 582,000 vey contains the following in- Hungary …….. 485,000 teresting paragraph: American Bible Society .. 9,745,356 Czecho-Slovakia .. 400,000 England …….. 300,000 In thus looking back upon the last GREAT BRITAIN Austria ……… 270,000 ten years of mission work in all fields France ………. 225,000 we note most clearly that wherever British and Foreign Bible Lithuania ……. 170,000 Christ has taken possession of human Society (1804) …… 10,552,284 Holland ……… 160,000 hearts there are creative forces at work that make weak men strong National Bible Society of The Jewish population of the and equip them for tasks which they Scotland (1861) .. , .. 4,615,109 United States is given at 4,400,000. could never carry out according to For the largest cities the following human estimates. We see the cour- Scripture Gift Mission .. 2,185,043 figures are given: age of the Japanese and Chinese Christians in beginning a magnificent GERMANY 20,500 New york …… . 1,800,000 evangelistic activity at a time when 10,951 Warsaw …….. . 360,000 all human reasoning would demand Baden Bib I e Society, 74,270 Chicago …….. . 325,000 a cautious holding back and conduct Karlsruhe ……….. 86,727 Philadelphia …. . 270,000 that is entirely passive. We note 23,291 Budapest ……. . 240,000 further the reaching over of the re- Bavarian (or Central) 606,100 Vienna …….. . 220,000 vival movement of the casteless peo- Bible Society (1823). Lodz ………. .. 180,000 ple of South India into the higher Moscow …….. . 140,000 castes. Finally there is everywhere Bergische Bible Society in the Near East a growing feeling (1814) ………….. Children's Project for China of responsibility for the winning of Mohammedans for Christ, among the Prussian Bible Society Following the friendship very ones who had to suffer the se- (1806) ………….. projects for Japan, Mexico and verest persecution. These and many the Philippines, the Committee other facts show us, with the clarity Saxony Bib I e Society on World Friendship Among that is evident only in concrete ex- (1814) ………….. Children (287 Fourth Avenue, amples, what the grace and power of New York) is promoting for God can effect in human hearts. They Wurttemberg Bible Insti- the coming year a fourth projare a renewed testimony for the word tution (1812) …….. ect for the children of China. of St. Paul, "God hath chosen the This will consist of portfolios foolish things of the world, that He FRANCE 3,313 prepared by children of Amermight put to shame them that are 7,016 ica in churches, schools and wise." Bible Society of France homes. Each portfolio is to (1864) ………….. contain a message of goodwill; Thirty Million Bibles a Year six attractive pictures to hang Bible Society of Paris on the wall; snapshots of Amer- An impression of the number (1818) ………….. ican children, homes, churches of volumes of Scripture being and schools,' and other pictures annually issued by the Protes- DENMARK 50,249 of American animals, sports tant Bible Societies of America and scenes. The China Departand Europe can be gathered Danish Bible Society .,. ment of Education will distribfrom the figures below. But ute the portfolios among the they do not represent a com- HOLLAND 190,000 public schools of China. plete statement for 1931. The The time for the project extends societies named are those which Netherlands Bible Society to August, 1933, and portfolios publish Christian scriptures and (1815) ………….. 148,691 may now be obtained from the represent, in some measure, a Committee at 60 cents each. national enterprise. Adding to NORWAY 76,071 the figures below to the vol- A fun d for starving and umes iss u e d by commercial Norwegian Bible Society undernourished Chinese chi 1firms and by Roman Catholics, (1816) ………… .. dren is being raised to send with one finds a tremendous total of the portfolios. Five dollars will o v e r 30,000,000 volumes of SWEDEN 25,098 provide 500 meals to be admin- Swedish Bible Society (1809) World's Jewish Population The Jewish Daily Bulletin of April, 1932, publishes statistics concerning the number and dis- tribution of Jews in the world for the year 1931. The 15,- 870,000 in the world are dis- tributed among the continents as follows: Europe …….. . 9,886,000 America ……. . 4,823,000 Asia ……….. . 612,000 Africa ……… . 552,000 Australia ……. . 27,000 [ 51 ]

istered by the China Famine This year they have been cele- spiritual force and helpfulness Relief, U. S. A., and its advisory brating the i r anniversary. of church music in the family committee in Shanghai. In American Reformed C h u r c h life of the nation. Fifty-five 1926-27 thousands of dolls were members early began their sup- cities in ten states were represent to Japan and two million port of foreign missionary work sented by the pastors who offici- Japanese children contributed by sending funds through the ated, and fifteen denominations to send back to America 58 American Board of Commis- of the Protestant faith.

beautiful "doll ambassadors of sioners for Foreign Missions. In – Watchman-Examine?'.

goodwill." In 1928-29 Ameri- 1832 they organized their own can children sent 30,000 Friend- board but continued for twenty- Missionary Talking Picture ship Bags to Mexico and hun- five years to cooperate with the The first missionary "talkie" dreds of thousands of Mexican American Board. Many famous has been produced in Canada. children united to send back 49 missionaries have been sent by It is called "Through China and large exhibits of their school this Church to India, China, Japan." The film affords valuart work. In 1929-30 American Japan and Arabia. Among the able testimony to the efficiency army transports were used to pioneers were the famous Scud- of the work carried on by mistake 28,000 Friendship Treas- der family and the Chamber- sionary societies in China and ure Chests to the Philippines lains of India; David Abeel of Japan. The cinematographer's and thousands of "Thank you" China; Guida F. Verbeck of account of his work at Mukden letters came. back from Filipino Japan; Samuel M. Zwemer and during the Japanese occupation, children. James Cantine of Arabia. The his journey to Peking and to the work of this Church has been Great Wall, his experience at NORTH AMERICA noteworthy for its strength and Hankow with flood refugees and stability rather than for its at Shanghai with refugees from The Florida Chain wide extent. Chapei, are all full of interest. To this film missionaries and Another chain of Missionary The Amoy Mission of China others have added a running Assemblies will be held this commentary with musical acwinter in nine cities under the was founded in 1842; the Arcot companiment. There will be a direction of Mrs. Henry W. Pea- Mission of India in 1853; the silent edition of "Through China body and Miss B. Louise W ood- Japan Mission in 1859; the and Japan" for showing in ford. These assemblies are Arabian Mission in 1889, and places where a talkie is impracscheduled as follows: the United Mission of Meso- ticable. potamia in 1924. The present January 14-18-3acksonville. secretary of the Board is Dr. Lutheran Woman's Society January 18-20-Winter Haven Wm. 1. Chamberlain, a son of January 21-26-Miami. the famous Jacob Chamberlain.

January 25-27-The Palm Beaches. Radio as a Force The Women's Missionary So- ciety of the United Lutheran January 28-February 1- St. Pe- tersburg.

January 29-February 1-Tampa. The religious radio programs, Church supports the mission sponsored by fifty-three city, program of t hat Church in February 1-3-Clearwater. county and state church federa- Africa, China, India, Japan, February 4-8-0rlando. South America, West Indies, February 4-9~Deland. United States and Canada. This organization held its eighth bi- Similar assemblies made a tions and the Federal Council of ennial convention in Baltimore deep impression last winter and Churches, had a weekly distri- last October, and reported a promise similar feasts this year. bution of 364 station periods total membership of 64,643 in Among the speakers announced 31 synodical organizations, with are Dr. Royal J. Dye, who estab- during the first nine months of total receipts for the biennium, lished a Christian home among 1932, an increase of 309 periods July 1, 1930, to June 30, ·1932, primitive Africans where there since 1928. Approximately 280 $888,578.71. There are 29,028 is now a self-governing church life members and 5,447 memowith 870 native missionaries; ministers officiated during the rials, making a total value of Dr. and Mrs. Sam Higginbot- twelve months ending Septem- $403,690 in the life and in metom of Allahabad, India; Dr. ber 1. More than 60,000 copies m 0 ria m memberships. The John McDowell of New York; of radio sermons were sent on thank-offering for the last bien- Dr. Jan e t Miller, author· of request of people in every walk nium amounted to $224,551.88. "Jungles Pre fer red"; and of life, and from all parts of Students Seek Faith others fro m China, Brazil, America. In addition, 50,000 Alaska and various foreign and commendatory letters were rehome mission fields. ceived, among them many seek- ing advice fro m officiating ministers to meet personal prob- lems. More than 1,000 musical Dutch Reformed Missions compositions w ere broadcast. The secretary of the Yale Requests for favorite hymns Christian Association, Fay The Board of Foreign Mis- were received from all parts of Campbell, .is certain that the resions of the Reformed Church the country. Letters have come ligious situation in the colleges in America has had a notable from thousands of shut-ins, and he knows is the most encouraghistory in its century of service. hundreds have testified to the ing since the war. He says:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

There is a new' spirit abroad in stu- Lowe, Professor Brown of ing services·are held. There is dent circles. The liberalism which Princeton, and Dr. Sladen of the now a modern mission hospital has been fed to the campus gets no Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit. with seventy beds and a good response today. The man who wins On Sunday addresses on the clinic.-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. the attention of our best minds is Movement were given in thirtyone who has a real creed and knows five churches and during the Pioneering Among Mexican what he believes-and that creed in- week meetings were held at the cludes some positive information Ritz-Carlton Hotel. Farmers about God and Christ, alongside of some clear convictions as to the rev- Members of the Group ex- From a Mexican evangelist olutionary nature of the ethics of plained why they had become comes this account of a visit to Jesus. Students no longer need to be connected with the Movement the village of Ahuacapan: "For told that capitalism and war are and the change that had taken light, we had an old lantern and wicked. They want to hear from a place in their own lives. Prof. an occasional firebrand. The man who can help them to pray and Marshall Brown of Princeton people sat or stood in groups. at the same time train themselves to asked, "Was Jesus C h l' is t Those who had heard the Gosbuild a new world. right?" If He was, then it is up pel before had expectant faces, to us to follow Him without any while others glowered defiantly. -Congregationalist. reservations and to see the thing All sorts of remarks were heard, through with Him. while knives, machetes, and Olmypiad of Religion even firearms were brandished The solution of international, about. At last we started our One of the most successful co- political, and business problems conferencia (lecture). I spoke operative movements ever car- is to be found in Christ, said of the richness which God had ried out in Los Angeles was the Vice-Admiral Sidney Drury- bestowed upon their region, and crusade known as the Olympiad Lowe. This cannot be done, reminded them of the signs of of Religion, promoted by the however, until the individual destruction which was everychurch federation of that city life was surrendered to Christ. where to be seen, due largely to during the Olympic Games, the hatred and envy which prewhen the city entertained over -The Living Church. vail between man and man. Due 400,000 visitors from 50 na- to unwholesome diet, many of tions. The first event was called LATIN AMERICA the people, especially the chilthe Church Roll Call, held dur- dren, were sick. I told them ing three weeks of February, Progress in Santo Domingo that the land which they had reduring which time more than ceived from the former owners 50,000 names of prospects for This Spanish-speaking black would do them no good if they church membership were se- Republic has had a checkered continued hating and stealing cured. This was followed im- career of 440 years. Foreign from one another with no faith mediately by the Personal Work misrule and local rebellions have in themselves or in God. I told Campaign, leading up to Easter prevented development of an them that in their case the only Sunday, during which time more island rich in various woods and remedy was to sow goodness, than 10,000 new members were in agricultural possibilities. and that this can only be done added to the churches. The next Ninety per cent of the native through faith in God. They emphasis was the Pentecost pe- population are illiterate. asked us not to leave them, but riod, during which time hun- to show them how to lead a dreds were add e d to the In 1915 the Rev. Philo W. Christian life." churches and scores of sermons Drury of Puerto Rico visited on "The Ministry of the Holy the Dominican Republic, and his -Congregationalist. Spirit" were preached by co- report of the physical, mental operating pastors. The greatest and spiritual needs of the peo- Outbreak in Costa Rica event was the series of union ple bore fruit. A more extenevangelistic meetings conducted sive survey was made in 1919, A little evangelical church in through the period of the Olym- and later an interdenomina- Santa Barbara, Costa Rica, has pic Games, and the final event tional body was formed, made been steadily gaining ground, was a great union vesper serv- up of representatives of the Na- a fact which disturbed an unice in the Hollywood Bowl, seat- tional Mission Boards of the usually intolerant Spa n ish ing 22,000, on Sunday night, Presbyterian, Methodist E:rris- priest; and last summer a con- August 21. copal and U nit e d Brethren certed attempt was made to de- Churches. stroy this work. A mob of some -Federal Council Bulletin. 300 came directly out of Mass, With the exception of two or battered down doors and win- Oxford Groups in Canada three Dominicans, the Church dows and fired several shots. A work has all been carried by detachment of police agents, A team of thirty-three men Puerto Ricans, men of pioneer looking for moonshiners, came and women representing the type; not one of them but has along at the critical moment and Oxford Group Movement has faced hostility and even danger prevented murder. Since the created a deep impression in as he has preached the Gospel authorities had intervened, an Montreal. The visitors included of Christ. Seven churches have investigation was instituted. Dr. Frank N. Buchman, the been organized, and there are Rev. S. M. Shoemaker, Jr., New many outstations where preach- Yo l' k, Vice-Admiral Drury-

The serious thing is that while "comeback" of the Church is sor of the Prague University the authorities protest their de- prayer and action-action in the adds that a further 800,000 have termination to maintain the lib- form of benevolence. No church separated fro m the Roman erty of worship which the Con- is without its soup-kitchen, Catholic Church and constituted stitution concedes, there are clothes exchange, relief commit- a Reformed National Catholic indications that they resent hav- tee. Christian benevolent agen- Church-a so r t of halfway ing to take sides against the cies have gone back to the old house to Protestantism. Old Catholic Church. The following monastic procedure of taking in prejudices against Protestant- Sunday President Jimenez sup- the poor and the wretched. No ism prevent large numbers of plied protection while services man is sent away hungry, and ex-Romanists from going the were h e I d in perfect quiet, no hostile propaganda has been whole way.-Alliance Weekly.

thereby furnishing a precedent able to get around this fact.

that resulted in a strengthening The answer to prayer finds its Armenians in Athens of the evangelical cause, not expression in the largely in- In fourteen different localities only in Santa Barbara but else- creased evangelistic w 0 r k of in and about Athens, five Bible where. women are at work among Ar- -Latin American Evangelist. German Protestant churches. menians, who come from widely There is now a discernible move- separated reg ion s of Asia For the Girls of Peru ment back to the churches, and a very considerable decrease in Minor. There is no church, and A new high schol in Lima, re- the number of withdrawals. no school for children, but the cently opened by the Methodist Bible woman advises the women, -Presbyterian Banner.

Woman's Foreign Mission So- Religious Liberty Under Il Duce comforts them, rejoices with ciety, is the only Protestant them, leading them out of their school for girls in Peru. Among The General Director of the distress into a spirit of overcomother courses offered is one in Spezia Mission for Italy, Rev. ing faith. The Greek neighbors domestic science, an innovation H. H. Pullen, has received from are often invited in, and three in Peru. A two-year commer- II Duce confirmation of the fact such h a ve learned to know cial course is offered; there are that, though the new laws of Christ. A busy dressmaker lays also physics and chemistry lab- Italy permit Roman Catholic aside her work for two hours oratories, a large gymnasium, priests to teach for one hour each Wednesday to attend the club room, library, and play- each week in the public elemen- meetings. This work was cut ground. The new building oc- tary and secondary schools in 50% last winter. cupies a site of 5,000 square Italy, this concession does not met e r s. Excellent relations hold in the universities: that -Congregationalist.

exist between the Peruvian edu- Protestants have the right to AFRICA cational authorities and the demand that where, for lack of Opportunity in Egypt management of the Lima High a Protestant school, their chil- School and favorable comment dren must attend the public, All around Shebeen, owing to has been made in the press on communal or national schools the work of the Christian hosthe fact that Bible study courses they may be completely ex- pital, doors are wide open and are offered. empted from the priest's hour there is a ready hearing for the -Christian Advocate. of teaching: and that no child Gospel message. Bilbeis is the is allowed to suffer in the ex- first town in Egypt proper on aminations, or to be held back the old caravan route fro m EUROPE in any way from promotion, be- Syria, and was the first to meet Action Against Atheism cause he or she has not been the Moslem hordes, who be- German churches wage con- receiving Roman Catholic reli- seiged and took it. The Crustant warfare against aggres- gious teaching. In the schools saders on two occasions massive atheism, sweeping across of the Spezia Mission fullest lib- sacred many of the villagers. from Moscow. Atheistic organ- erty is allowed for daily sys- These events produced bitter izations find that the sort of tematic Bible teaching. hatred of Christianity. Every -Beyond Alpine Snows. Thursday at the market meetpublicity popular in Russia is unsuited to the German temper- Gains in Czecho-Slovakia ing, we see an exhibition of it. ament. Caricatures of Biblical Thus it was twenty years ago, characters, of God, of Christ The secretary of the Evan- and still it is today. and of His Mother, burlesques gelical Continental Soc i e t y At Ismailia station the playof church services and assaults writes that "nowhere has Prot- ground of the boys' school was on sacred festivals not only estantism gained such ground crowded, so that it was hard to failed to win recruits from the as in Czecho-Slovakia, with the find seats for the four hundred German bourgeoisie, but even Protestant Dr. Masaryk as who were present. There were tend to defeat their own pur- President of the State. Since many Moslems among them, pose, with the result that such the Armistice 200,000 h a v e and we praised God. manifestations have noticeably joined the Hussite Church of -Egypt General Mission lessened. The most effective the Czech Brethren." A profes- News.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The League and Liberia things have become new. Jesus, church service, including hymns, amen! To Thee be all the glory! I prayers and sermon. They are A plan recommended by a believe in the whole Bible, and I am eloquent, and when truly saved League of Nations committee ready to serve my Saviour anywhere. make ideal wayside preachers for the Republic of Liberia con- because of their cogent reasontains broad enough authority to Your young brother, ing. They are trustworthy, they permit the foreign adviser to are inexpensive, and often have eliminate alleged conditions of BALLA. a real longing for spreading the slavery in the Negro republic Gospel among those who have and otherwise put the country -Alliance Weekly. not heard it. on a stable basis. Reopening 0 f Spanish Guinea Student Evangelists in Rhodesia The Fin a n c e Corporation holds a contract undertaken in After a lapse of eight years, Seven students and one teach- 1926 to finance the government during which there was no mis- er of Mount SiIinda Institute of Liberia, presumably in re- sion activity in Spanish Guinea, spent some of their vacation in turn for the rubber concession. this region was reentered the evangelistic journeys. In Chief past summer by Rev. and Mrs. Ziiki's territory they found peo- The new plan provides that J oseph McNeill, Presbyterian ple begging that their schools the foreign adviser is to be ap- workers in the Cameroun. So might be opened again. They pointed by the Council of the far this new work has the full talked with about 2,000, and 149 League and will receive from approbation of the Spanish Re- professed conversion. S 0 m e the Liberian Government full pUblican Government, in which traveled in Portuguese terriauthority to administer the gov- a number of cabinet positions tory, and in Rhodesia talked ernment, and if a dispute should are occupied by men who recog- with 1,800; 83 professed conarise his judgment would pre- nize the value of a strong evan- version. Teacher Thompson vail pending an appeal to the gelical ferment in the Spanish and Nvowana had hard work League of Nations. world. finding the homes in the tall grass. They ran with their For purposes of administra- Under date of August 12, Mr. arms over their heads to protion Liberia is to be divided into McNeill writes: tect them from the grass, never three provinces, each to be ad- knowing when they would run ministered by a Provincial Com- The missionaries of two genera- into a buffalo or elephant, for missioner designated by the tions never saw the like of the day their district was full of these League Council and approved that is ours. They prayed for it and wild animals. by the President of the Repub- it has fully come. No obstacle is belic of Liberia. ing put in our way. Formerly hin- -Missionary Herald. tdhreancoenslyaplipmeiatraetdionfrsomarewistuhcohut·~snowwe From T oma Forest ourselves impose. Villages are wide open calling for catechists and teach- Balla Bea is a young man ers. For the time being we can send from Toma Forest, that south- volunteers from the Cameroun, but ern corner of French Guinea such an expedient must necessarily where darkness reigns supreme. After the missionary's arrival be temporary only. Being Cameroun Moslems in South Africa men they know no Spanish. We must last year, he attended every train the youth of Spanish Guinea The presence of 49,000 Mosservice, made diligent inquiry, itself. That is the immediate task of lems in the Union of South today. Africa, 25,000 of whom are gave his heart to the Master. concentrated in Cape Province Recently, a native evangelist Afrir:ans Organize Mission alone, justifies the description wrote a letter of encourage- of that Province as "the southment, asking him to meditate Negro Christians of the Cam- ern outpost of I s I a m," and upon 1 John 2: 3-6. In reply, eroun have organized a foreign makes it "an important strate- Balla Bea wrote the following mission society for the evangel- gic point in the conflict between ization of interior tribes. Most Mohammed and Christ for the testimony: of the Cameroun churches are soul of Africa." A Moslem self-supporting. In a country writer of Capetown declares where no one dared venture five that "the final struggle between miles from home at night before DEAR BROTHER: the Gospel came, representa- Christianity and Islam will take Here are a few words in reply to tives of eleven 0 n c e hostile place in Africa." your letter concerning 1 John 2: 3-6. I believe that the Lord Jesus Christ tribes met to organize this mis- Where ignorance is so dense, died for me, and that He saved me sionary society. the difference between the two by dying on the cross of Calvary. I religions is confusing, the more want to serve and obey Him. I be- Native African evangelists so because terms are strangely lieve with all my heart that I am are especially adapted to piosaved, and that He loves me, and I love Him also with all my heart. I neer work. They can travel up intermixed. The Moslems talk believe that He is soon coming to to forty-five miles a day with of "our Church" rather than take me with Him in the clouds. I ease-three times the limit of the mosque, a meeting of Malay the white missionary. They women in the mosque is called have believed in the Lord Jesus have wonderful memories and a "Bible class," and they give Christ, and I am saved. I believe that I was dead in my faults and sins, can recall family history thirty- each other "Christmas presbut now I am a new creature. Old ents." Only in Capetown is things have passed away, and all five generations back. They can Christian work among Moslems recite from memory the whole

attempted. There is the Mission mile. Their shacks are made INDIA of the Dutch Reformed, also the from old packing cases, the sides Anglican Mission, which has of Standard oil tins and pieces Student Greetings to China operated at intervals since 1848. of sacking. Many roofs are per- When Dr. E. Stanley Jones Greater results are anticipated forated and give glimpses of the left Lucknow for China, he bore from a recent conference of sky above. One is astonished to the following message from the workers among Moslems, called see how much they can do with students of Lucknow College: by the Archbishop of Capetown. next to nothing. Some make "To the students of China: This conference was mostly de- very usable combs out of old "On behalf of the students of fensive in its aim to see what camel bones. Lucknow Christian College we could be done to overcome the The children present one of send you greetings. We have lapsing of the poorer sort of the most acute problems of the watched with interest the strugcolored Christian to Islam. It camp. There are about 4,500 gle which you are making for was agreed that the essential children of school age in the the emancipation of your coundifferences between the two re- Beirut camp. Of these 3,000 are try and we wish to assure you ligions should be brought out in schools, there being accom- of our prayers and sympathy. for the use of teachers and that modation for only this number. It is a time when the youth of every opportunity should be The whole situation is unthink- the world should unite and take t a ken in adolescent Sunday able for a time of peace. a firm stand against the evils schools to set these differences which hinder the highest develclearly before the children. Students Work in Summer opment of personality. Let us -The Mission Field. The Junior College for Women unite in our opposition to war, at Beirut has felt for some time race prejudice, unjust distribu- WESTERN ASIA t hat a further contribution tion of wealth and other social could be made to the life of the inj ustices and try to make this IIDad Pays" in Turkey country by initiating some so- world a better place to live cial project in the villages to be where world brotherhood and Walking 15 to 20 miles, sleep- carried out during the summer Christian ideals will be pracing on hard beds, eating only by college students. The past ticed. bread for breakfast and lunch summer for the first time it was with perhaps s 0 m e soup at possible to accomplish such a "Kindly convey to the Chrisnight, earning 25 cents a day of project. During the year the tian Student Movement in China which 12 goes into food-that is students raised funds which, greetings of the Student Christhe way many of the boys in the with gifts, were used to finance tian Association of In d i a, American School at Talas, Tur- Burma and Ceylon." key, get an education. When a summer vacation school in the the father can find work he Metawali village of Bint Jubail -Christian Advocate. makes about 25 cents daily-a in the Sidon field. The school laborer's pay. This just about combined the features of a Changing India feeds the family. If the son's Daily Vacation Bible School and books cost 75 cents-well, it a health school. Several girls The unique, unparalleled opmeans the student is pretty con- volunteered their services as portunity that now confronts tinually on the edge of hunger. teachers. The village chosen for the Christian forces at work in Of course, there are some well India is the natural fruition of dressed boys in the school who the work has a primary school a century and a half of work. loaf through the summer. They of sorts for boys, but no educado not know what an education tional facilities for girls. Sani- In places where ten years ago costs, says the Rev. Paul E. Nil- tary conditions are unbelievably the mention of the name of son, any more than many lads Christ in a public gathering in America who go to school or bad. The life of the women is brought forth hisses, now men college-and "Dad pays." little better than that of the and women sit by the hour, rev- beasts of burden. erently listening to the frankest presentation of His message. The program of the school in- Jesus Christ has proven Him- Refugees in Syria cluded a Bible period, hygiene self to thousands who have and reading lessons, a song made the vital discovery of His Although it is fourteen years hour, supervised play and some power through self-surrender.

since the World War ended and handicraft. A I tho ugh four Men and women all over India great numbers of Armenians weeks was but a short time, the are, in these days of change and were driven into Syria, thou- mothers' pride in their clean agitation, faced with new spir- sands are still living in camps. and shining children was grati- itual needs and are realizing the About 30,000 depend on casual fying to see. The project served inadequacy of the old sources of labor; about 15,000 depend on two important ends. It brought power. For all classes Christ charity. In the Beirut area some of the Syrian girls into appears increasingly as the one alone are 25,000 refugees, the contact with the needs in their hopeful source of light and life.

cam p population being esti- country, and it began a worth Mass movements which sev- mated at 15,000, living upon an while work in Bint Jubail. enty-five years ago began among area of a fourth of one square -Syria News Quarterly. the depressed classes of central

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

southern India, in spite of the Prison-gate homes, women's homes, been reached that is acceptable resentment of high caste Brah- and beggars' homes are all meeting a to all parties. The British commins, have now stretched their need. Naval and military homes pro- munal reward gives the "Un~ power right up through to the vide a "home away from home" for touchables" separate electorates many men of the Empire on duty. top of the social structure. Within the last ten years, fully Scripture portions and sacred songs and representation. They are ten thousand high caste Brah- have been translated by Army officers given a voice in the Government mins have come into the Chris- who are excellent linguists. but not as a part of the general electorate. -Indian Witness.

tian Church and other thou- Mysore City Occupied SIAM sands press forward for teach- ing. An early missionary to The Ceylon and India General Siamese IIPoreign" Missionaries India said that he would as soon Mission has added Mr. and Mrs. expect to see the sun stand as to Neilson to the staff of Moslem An ordained Siamese evangelsee a Brahmin become a Chris- workers. They have spent al- ist has gone with his wife and tian. most a year studying Urdu and four young children to settle as otherwise seeking to fit them- foreign missionaries among a The Bible, and particularly selves for the work. They will group that had' sent a call to the New Testament, is being enter Mysore City in January, Pre s b y t e ria n missionaries. read in hundreds of thousands North S i a m Presbytery reof non-Christian Indian homes. where they will endeavor not sponded by ordaining two men There is a vastly larger reading only to catch up the threads of as evangelists. The one, who public in India today than there the abandoned w 0 r k among has gone with his family, will was ten years ago. women, but will begin work teach, preach and baptize while among Mohammedan men. My- his family will open a school for When the Gospel has changed sore City is a strategic center children. The second evangelist the character of their social life, has already completed a five millions of India's sons and for Moslem work. It has a Mos- months' tour of one district. daughters will turn to Christ. lem community of from forty to Already there is a Christian fifty thousand, and from it other Church 6,000,000 strong and larger Moslem communities can CHINA growing steadily. It has a be reached. South India has in standing and pervasive influence utterly disproportionate to all 4,000,000 Mohammedans. The Bible in the Revolution its relatively insignificant size. -Darkness and Light. Very largely because the Bible -GLENN B. OGDEN, of Kas- Moslems Reject New Accord was translated into the vernacu- ganj. The agreement on communal lar a revolution in the Chinese language has taken place. The representation in the proposed Salvation Army, 1882-1932 spread of Scripture teaching has All-India Federation, reached brought about a revolution in In 1882, a small party of by a number of Moslem, Hindu the ancient religions of the land. British Salvation Army work- and Sikh Nationalist leaders, Here is an instance of real revers were appointed to India. was unanimously repudiated by olution. Near the cradle of Aft e r persecution, imprison- the working committee of the China's civilization a group of ment and many discourage- All-India Moslem Conference, peasant Christians are challengments the fifty years just com- the council of the All-India Mos- ing red communism with a manpleted have yielded a victorious lem League and the working ner of life that resembles the harvest. committee of the J amiat-Ulema, early a p 0 s t 0 I i c experiment.

Hundreds of thousands of converts representing the orthodox Mo- They are seeking to be led by the have been led to abandon their super- Holy Spirit; each member of hammedans. A series of resolu- the group is to read, study and stitions and practices, and have be- tions reiterated the loyalty of come earnest Christians and efficient Salvation soldiers. Whole villages the Moslems to the British plan act on the teachings of the Bible. have been converted and heathen temples and household gods have been for the communal award. No vows are taken and no one destroyed. Pandit Malaviya, H i n d u, is asked to come unless he is led by the Spirit. The men work in Salvation has been brought to the champion of the Untouchables, criminal tribes, the most desperate has sought to settle the differ- the fields, tilling and irrigating and degraded criminals of India. ences between the Moslem, the land; the women carryon Farm colonies, land settlements and Hindu and Sikh political fac- domestic duties. The children village banks are helping the indus- tions. are all being educated together, trious to an improved social position. and all join in supporting the The Moslems seem prepared Hospitals and dispensaries are do- ing much for the diseased and dying. to accept the solution of the bright boy or girl for higher Boarding schools and day schools problem proposed by Prime education without questioning Minister MacDonald, "despite whose he may be. So cordial are fitting the young for futures of and so sincere is the atmosphere increased usefulness, both as citizens its defects, as no further prog- and Salvation Army soldiers.

Leper Settlements are prolonging ress toward responsible govern:" in these village communes that life, or alleviating suffering, and bringing hope into the lives of some ment appears possible except on everyone admires the simple that basis." This seems to in- practicability of 0 u r Lord's of the most needy of the world's sorrowing ones. dicate that no agreement has principles. The groups are mul-

tiplying. Their only rule is to Drug Evil Flourishes change i15 less than four thou- read and study the Bible under During recent years the opium sand dollars gold, but considerthe guidance of the Holy Spirit, situation has gone from bad to ing the grade of life in this land and to act according to His lead- worse, due to the disturbed state and comparative money values, ership. They are finding that of the country. War lords must it is worth more than fifteen for themselves the word of God have money to pay their troops, thousand dollars gold in Ameris sufficient to meet their prob- and opium is one of the most ica. This man is a well-to-do lems. They are practicing a profitable crops on earth. The merchant of Yaowan, an outcommunism not of taking but of Chinese doctor, Wu Rien Teh, station. giving, not of force but of love. an expert on this question, esti- mated the production of native He was baptized twelve years -Christian Advocate. opium in all China in 1930 to ago. For years he has had daily be 12,000 tons, an enormous family prayers. The employees New Chinese Hymnal quantity. Opium, morphia and in his shop are present at this heroin are mostly manufactured daily service and are taught the Six denominations are coop- in Europe, smuggled on board great truths of the Gospel. A erating to produce a hymnal to ship, and conveyed to the Far number of them have been won be used in common by the Chris- East. They are sold chiefly by to Christ and have been baptians of China. They are the unprincipled foreigners who are tized. His is the only large shop Methodist Episcopal Church, the protected by extraterritoriality. in Yaowan that is closed on Sun- Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h, In 1930 the Chinese Customs in days. It is largely through his South, the Protestant Episcopal Shanghai seized 10,000 ounces contributions that the Yaowan Church, the Baptist Church, the of morphia and 14,000 ounces church, with ninety-four mem- Congregational Church, and the of heroin, probably only a frac- bers, has been able to call a pas- Presbyterian Church. The ~ e tion of the amounts smuggled tor and assume his full support. churches include about 80 per through. In the autumn of that cent of the Christians in China. year on one steamer which ar- -Missionary Survey. At present, each group has its rived at Shanghai from Conown hymnal, comprising about Efforts in West China 2,000 hymns. The task of the stantinople there was discovered Hymnal Committee is to select by the customs officials nearly In addition to the steady adabout 500 suitable hymns for vance among Tibetan tribes in the new collection 200 pounds of heroin, while a West China and among Chi- few days later on another steam- nese and tribespeople in Sze- chwan and Kweichow, there has Cholera Kills 150,000 er they found 1,200 pounds of come to the Christian and Mis- morphia and heroin. It is the sionary Alliance an urgent call In the five months from May most profitable trade on earth, from South China for missionto September 150,000 Chinese and fabulous sums are made by ary reinforcements to aid in the died of cholera, the dread dis- international gangs who manu- evangelization of 3,000,000 ease that has scourged China in facture it secretly in various tribespeople in widely scattered the worst epidemic since 1919. parts of Europe and export it to areas in Kwangsi. Two mis- The epidemic this year was not the East. sionaries and a Chinese preach- unexpected. Dr. J. H. Jordan, The League of Nations Anti- er made an itinerating trip of British Commissioner of Public Narcotic Commission is doing nearly 2,000 Ii (665 miles) with- Health of the Shanghai Interna- its best to root out and destroy out seeing a Gospel chapel. tional Settlement, last winter, this awful trade. Among the Tung tribespeople predicted that the cholera toll in -Evangelical Christian. there is one missionary family for work in an area covering the summer would be heavy. Land Given for Church more than 20,000 square miles. According to Dr. Jordan the dis- In French Indo-China, in spite ease runs in cycles. Not long ago Mr. Liang Chin of shortage of funds, mission- Chen presented to Kiang-pei aries plan to go forward with The estimate of 150,000 deaths Presbytery a tract of goo d renewed effort. this year is considered conservative. It is believed that at least farm land worth fifteen thou- -Alliance Weekly. 500,000 Chinese throughout the sand dollars, Mexican, to be used country contracted the fever, for the Lord's work. He says Effective Testimony and that the mortality rate was that this land is given wholly to at least 30 per cent. In some the Lord Jesus Christ for use A deaf and dumb man who areas the mortality was reported by His Church, and stipulates can read and write a little wrote as virtually 100 per cent. It is that the presbytery shall see to five sentences in large characpossible that nearer 250,000 it that the whole income from ters, and by means of motions persons were swept away the gift shall always be used for and facial expressions explains through this cause, but statis- the glory of God and the salva- each sentence as he points to it: tics in China are nebulous. The tion of men through the redemp- I have no sin; Shanghai International Settle- tion of Jesus Christ. Fifteen I do not worship idols; Jesus is my Saviour; ment suffered a lighter toll than thousand dollars, Mexican, at On earth I am dumb; in past epidemics. In heaven I shall speak. the present abnormally high ex-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN lem. What will be the future holing individuals, and "fishing"

Rural Work Among Farmers of Japan if this state of affairs for invitations to their villages. is allowed to continue for any This year for the last twelve Rev. S. M. Erickson, Presby- length of time? What it is to Sundays I have been out in the terian missionary in Kagawa go without a meal, every adult country among the churches Province, writes of his field knows. If proper food is neces- continuously. In a Ford car we which comprises 92 and the 182 sary for adults, it is more so for can go out 30 miles, baptize, districts in this province. Most children. Poor food will hamper preach, hold communions and of the people are farmers, and the growth, both physical and other meetings for four hours in according to an American news- spiritual, of children. For edu- one place; then we go on to anpaperman visiting Kagawa, are cation to be effective, school other church ten miles away fifty years behind Tokyo. There children should be in proper and do it all over again. It was is very little public opinion. The physical condition. Education not so thirty years ago.

local Buddhist and S h i n t 0 does nothing for underfed chil- -CHARLES ALLEN CLARK, priests are, as a rule, of course, dren. There is talk of improv- in Presbyterian Banner.

anti-Christian. Often the school ing educational methods. Imteachers are also opposed to proved methods will not help Developing Future Leaders Christianity. The young people while the children are suffering Union Christian Coli e g e, from undernourishment." Pyengyang, Korea, is under conhave very few places for clean amusement. 0 n e missionary Roman Catholic Statistics trol of the five Presbyterian misgives his time to work with sions at work in that country. school children. He has a motor According to the latest statis- Of the 171 students enrolled in car and takes his native helper tics there were in 1931 in all the Liberal Arts and Agriculwith him. They take their places Japan 96,323 Roman Catholics. tural departments, 140 are bapin the road near the school at More than half of this number is tized church members. They noon recess and give the chil- in the diocese of Nagasaki. come from 29 middle schools in dren tracts. Sometimes a large There are 198 missionaries and twelve of the thirteen provinces. number of children will linger; 63 native priests. There are Nine of this year's 22 graduates these are taught a Bible verse 224 students now in the semi- entered the theological semiand a Christian song which is naries. In the mission brother- nary; four entered universities; printed on the tracts. They are hoods there are 116 natives and five are teaching and the others told that if they are interested 230 native sisters. they may send a post card to the are in business. The graduates missionary's home, and that he -Die Katkolischen Mis- of the college total 251, of whom will send them more reading sionen. 35 are ministers of the Gospel matter. Over two thousand chil- and evangelists; 54 theological dren have forwarded cards. Thirty Years Growth in Korea and university students; 67 are principals, professors and teach- Good results have followed Thirty years ago, when we ers; 68 in other professions; village work and a few have landed in Korea, there were but nine are farmers and 18 are debeen baptized. Several groups 5,796 communicants in all of the ceased. have been formed for Bible Presbyterian churches of the reading.-Missionary Herald. country. Last year there were Daily contact in classroom 94,728. The infant church has and laboratory, in chapel and Starving Children grown to 20 times the size in extracurricular activities, and in personal interviews g i v e s one generation. The Ministry of Education There was not one elder in all great opportunities to missionfixes the number of underfed Korea when we landed. Today aries in multiplying their efforts Japanese children of school age there are 2,120. Only one short manyfold in the developing of as 200,000, but a Tokyo daily two months' session of the theo- strong Christian character. The thinks the number is far in ex- logical seminary had been held 18 city churches and the near-by cess of this. The Nicki-Nicki in 1902. Since then we have non-Christian villages furnish a cites a government report to the graduated about 600 men, and field in which most of these stueffect that the more fortunate 429 are still in active service as dents are working as Sundayof the school children in the pastors. school teachers, C. E. leaders, island eat dumplings and Indian When I first took charge of night school teachers and piocorn for lunch, and that many the territory east of Seoul, there neer group directors. children cannot attend school were only three Presbyterian -C. F. BERNHEISEL.

because their parents are too churches in my territory, which For Neglected Children poor to provide food for them. was 50 miles wide and went 200 The paper points out: miles to the sea. The only way For street waifs, and down "The poor physical condition to establish churches then was and outers unable to attend of school children is a serious to "walk the five-day markets'" school, Pioneer Clubs were orproblem. It is not one for the with the peddlers, spreading out ganized in Pyengyang a few Ministry of Education alone to our books along wit h their years ago, and have been maintackle. It is a national proh- wares, preaching and button- tained successfully. What they

have done for these children of ligion. In nature what is an- talks with staff members about disadvantage can never be esti- cient and decayed retreats be- personal matters; attending vol- mated. Revival meetings have fore pitiless youth. In spiritual untary classes to discuss the been held. An annual song and life the position is the same. To Bible, the church or Christian story contest was held for three isolate Bali from the cultural work. A Student Union church hours before an assembled mul- life outside is impossible." has grown up, with an average titude. The first class of six has -Dutch News Bureau. attendance of 150, and an out- been graduated and an alumni Quezon Makes Appeal reach program for the com- association organized. Its first munity.

move was to buy tracts and go The Hon. Manuel Quezon, po- -National Christian Counout preaching. Some parents of litical leader of the Philippines, cil Bulletin. poor children have tried to move and reared a Roman Catholic, their homes near enough for issued a ringing evangelistic ap- West Borneo Unreached their children to attend one of peal to his countrymen on his these clubs. fifty-fourth birthday. "It is British North Borneo and precisely in the spirit of Christ, Sarawak have for some years But the police department properly practiced," said he, had missionaries at work. Three thinking that they too closely re- "that humanity will find its sal- years ago Christian Alliance semble schools to be allowed to vation from the menace that missionaries and workers of the continue, the movement will t h rea ten s civilization. Give Chinese For e i g n Missionary have to go forward under an- bread to the hungry, clothe the Union opened several stations other name with an altered pro- naked, practice charity-these along the east coast and at three gram. Henceforth it will be the are simple doctrines, but, if fol- points have penetrated the in- Children's Bible S c h 001 of lowed, will give us the desired terior; but along the west coast Korea, and all teaching will be remedy. The Philippines is a the only agency, the Methodist centered upon the Bible itself. Christian nation and if our peo- Mission, had to retrench and a ple follow the path of the Man few years ago retired complete- -Korea Mission Field. of Galilee, they need feel no con- ly. Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Bren- cern for the future. Let him nan are carrying on the only ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC who has much give generously Protestant work in West Bor- to the needy. Let him who is neo. Since their arrival five In the Isle of Bali first be the last. This is the years ago they have led 800 spirit of Christianity and this Dyaks to Christ, and this in the The island of Bali, East In- spirit should be the corner stone face of government opposition, dian Archipegalo, and well of all institutions. Herein we which was eventually overcome. known to tourists, has a primi- shall find true democracy, real A large portion of this field is tive isolation which is fostered liberty, sincere brotherhood of still untouched. by its Dutch rulers, especially man. Here, too, is the solution in regard to cultural and reli- of labor problems, which are the -Alliance Weekly. gious influence. Recently this problems of our age." attitude has been condemned by New Zealand Methodists the Indian press. The Handels- -Christian Century. blad, of Soerabaja, devotes two Ten years ago the New Zealeading articles to this question, Cebu Christian Center land Methodist Church assumed in which it is argued that the responsibility for missionary gods of Bali are dying gods and Twelve years ago a young work in the Solomon Islands that Bali is waiting for what Filipino ret urn e d from the previously carried on by the Netherlands has to give in the United States full of good ideas Methodist Missionary Society of sphere of religion and culture. and a Christian spirit. He Australasia. Within this time The Nieuws van den Dag, of poured his energy and influence medical work has been devel- Netherlands, India, expresses into a new project, and the Cebu oped, the work of boats and itself still more strongly. A Student Christian Center is the launches has expanded. The leading article in its number of result. From 300 to 500 people number of workers, both native August 4 states that Hinduism utilize the Center, now housed and European, has more than in Bali has become quite petri- in a 50,000 pes 0 building. doubled. Comparative figures fied, that the dewas are dying Thirty-two societies hold regu- supply the story of progress: gods and that there is absolutely no reason why Christian mis- 1922 1932 18 sions should only be admitted to lar business meetings there. European workers … 8 While people wait for their 174 the island when the other reli- Catechists and native gion evidences dec a y. "It meeting to begin, the Director teachers ………. 74 StlBms to us," writes the news- and three church officers talk to Native local preachers 67 140 Native class leaders .. 58 112 paper, "a hyena conception to them about Christ. 142 place Christianity in the posi- On any day young people may Day schools ……… 65 169 tion of only feeling itself at Day school teachers.. 90 6,134 be see n meeting for daily Native members ….. 3,406 home in the churchyards of cul- prayers, or studying, reading Attendants at public ture. This is not the history of magazines, u sin g reference worship ………. 7,870 11,810 Christianity or of any other re- book:;, Bibleg; having intimate -Malaysia Messa.qe.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information : I ~, _ _ _ _ _ _—-,",~——~=,-"==-"""""'~======——————-,"–"-_ _'~'

A Century of Faith. By Rev. Charles the wide range of work and the the Christian ministry. There richness of material it contains. he went through a period of re- L. White, D.D., with an Introduc- tion by President Austen Kennedy They include: ligious doubt but finally entered de Blois. 8 vo. 320 pp. The Jud- the Church of England and be- The Spiritual Conquest of a Conti- gan to work among the poor of son Press. Philadelphia. 1932. London, taking for his motto the nent It is sometimes said that for- BiSrtohcieotfy a National Home Mission "Golden Rule." His health sufeign missions are more interest- The Wise Men of the West fered and he returned to Cam- bridge as a teacher, but in 1904, ing than home missions because The Receding Frontier at the age of thirty-three, felt of the element of romance in The Voices of Past Heroes them. Distance lends enchant- WIinnndiinagnsthe First Americans-the called to go as an Anglican misment to foreign missions,-fa- The Negro at the Door of Oppor- sionary to India to work in the Cambridge mission at Delhi. miliarity breeds contempt for tunity Here he formed an intimate home missions. Evangelism friendship with a Mohammedan If you mean by romance a tale and a Hindu. His sympathies of fiction that has no foundation TBheyeoNndewtheFrNonattiieornal Borders broadened his views, and love, Fraternal and Corporate Relationin fact, then there is no romance manifesting the Spirit of Christ, either in foreign or home mis- ships became the expression of his resions, for they both are founded ligion. He left the mission and A Master Builder of the Denominaon facts and have to do with tre- wit h Samuel Stokes, Brother mendous realities. But, if you In~i~rble Harvests Western and Sad h u Sundar mean by romance that element Singh formed a new order of Yesterday and Tomorrow St. Francis, called the "Brotherof unusual interest that gives hood of the Imitation of Jesus." scope to imagination, that dash Appendix and Index. They went about caring for the of chivalry that stirs admira- sick and poor until the shorttion, that spirit of adventure While Dr. White has written lived order was broken up. For that awakens the heroic within the history of the missionary a year Andrews went to South us, then there is all the romance enterprise of his own denomina- Africa to help the Indian comin home missions that one could tion, including the history of the munity, and there became a desire. American Baptist Home Mis- close friend of Mr. Gandhi. On sion Society, which is celebrat- his return to India he became To realize this, one has but to ing its 100th Anniversary this associated wit h Rabindranath read "A Century of Faith," by year, he has given us also a fund Tagore, the Indian poet and Dr. Charles L. White. This is of information that will be help- member of the Brahma Somaj. a cross section of one hundred ful to all students of home mis- While remaining an Anglican years of home missions as car- sions. In tracing the developried on by the Northern Baptist ments of home missions in one communicant, Andrews gave up Convention, and is a splendid il- g rea t denomination, he has his office as an Anglican priest lustration of the romantic and made a valuable contribution to feeling that he could no longer heroic in home missions. the literature of home missions subscribe to the Thirty-nine Ar- . Dr. White was for many years Ibnoogkenbeeralr.eaNd obtyonelvyesrhyouBldaptthiisst ticles and the Book of Common general secretary of the Board but it should be read by all stu- Prayer. He j 0 in e d Tagore's of Home Missions of the North- dents of home missions. Santiniketan Ashram in Bengal, ern Baptist Church, and for six years president of the Home WILLIAM R. KING. where he is now professor in the Missions Council of which he International University. Was a member for a score of What lOwe to Christ. By C. F. years. He has had unusual op- Here is only the bare skeleton portunity to know home mis- Andrews. 12 mo. 281 pp. $1.50. of Mr. Andrew's experience. sions, having been in the very Abingdon Press. New York. 1932. The flesh and blood and spirit heart of the enterprise for so make up the substance of his many years. Not only does Dr. Here is a notable spiritual life story. It is interesting, White write with wide informa- autobiography of Charles Freer stimulating reading and one tion of his subject, but he writes Andrews. He was born in Eng- cannot fail to admire the man's with a ready pen and beauty of land, the son of a fer v en t spirit even though not always diction. preacher of the "Catholic Apos- tolic Church," founded by Ed- The twenty chapters indicate ward Irving. The son was soundly converted as a lad and in 1890 went to Pembroke Col- lege Cambridge, to prepare for [61 J

convinced by his method of by philosophers and theologians, in is to go into all the world and reasoning. He claims to adhere its popular versions it denotes a fun- preach the Gospel to every creato the "Universal Religion" and damentally human aspiration; to go ture. Not only to the extent to desires to follow Christ wholly. back to the mystery of our origins in which the Church performs her The lack seems to be in his fail- order to discover their first cause, to evangelistic duty will the call ure to see the necessity for a surprise in His work Him who reach every individual of the spiritual rebirth for all, accom- creates, preserves, or destroys all life. race." "The fact that we are panied by a full surrender to All is in all. The source of life is favored with the Gospel should Christ and open confession of one; the multiple comes from the be an incentive to do our utmost Him as Saviour and Lord. sole. What in short characterizes to bring the call to men every- Hinduism is its definitely monothe- where." Asiatic Mythology: A Detailed De- istic tendency under the pantheism of scription and Explanation of the its conceptions. When the Lord's Supper is Mythologies of all the Great Na- presented the discussion is rig- tions of Asia. By J. Hackin, The book is a notable work of idly Lutheran. "No general in- Clement Huart, Raymonde Linos- art; the style is fascinating; vitation should be extended by sier, H. De Wilman-Grabowska, the illustrations superb, and the the pastor to all those who be- Charles Henri Marchal, Henri Mas- index exhaustive. One is be- lieve in the Lord to come to His pero, Serge Eliseev. Introduction wildered in turning the pages table. Only those who believe by Paul-Louis Couchoud. Trans- and studying these extravagant the Lutheran doctrine of the lated from the French by F. M. At- symbolisms, exuberant polythe- real presence should be admit- kinson. 460 pp. $10.00. Crowell. istic pantheons and weird con- ted, in view of Paul's words on New York. 1932. ceptions of the future life which not discerning the Lord's body have kept millions in bondage of (1 Cor. 11: 29). Furthermore, Those who have visited the fear and superstition. In the admission to the Lord's Supper Musee Guimet at Paris will presence of Western civilization is an acknowledgment of unity know that it is incomparable as and education, not to speak of in the faith; and this does not a museum of religions. The edi- Christian influence, man y of exist in the case of those who tor of this book is the keeper or these wild and weird supersti- reject the Lutheran doctrine." director of this Museum and the tions are becoming things of the fifteen plates in color, together past. We must not forget, as CLELAND B. McAFEE. with three hundred and fifty- this volume tells us, that "alfour illustrations, are evidence though Buddhism was born on Gospel Dawn in Africa. By H. Beiderof the wealth of material at his the banks of the Ganges, it was becke, formerly Missionary to the on the banks of the Ganges that Herero, Southwest Africa, 1871disposal. it was most rapidly forgotten." 1881. Translation from German by The book does not present a Dr. E. F. Bachmann. Illustrated. S. M. ZWEMER. 8 vo. 183 pp. $1.25. Book Constudy of religions from a Chris- cern. Columbus, Ohio. 1932. tian viewpoint. It has been pre- The Christian Faith-A System of pared from the standpoint of Christian Dogmatics. By Joseph This small volume is an atphilosophy and science and not Stump, D.D., President of North- tempt to give the reader a of evangelical Christianity. This western Lutheran Theological Sem- glimpse of the history of modhas advantages for the student inary. 8 vo. 463 pp. $4.00. ~ac­ ern missions in the Dark Contibut explains the omission of millan. New York. 1932. nent since, under Moravian injudgment on certain aspects of fluence, the first Church was mythology which are degrading. President Stump presents a founded in 1806. There are special chapters on system of Christian theology in the reI i g i 0 u s mythology of Lutheran terms, avoiding wher- The author, starting from a Persia, Kafiristan, Buddhism in ever possible technical language, point in West Africa on Mount India, China, and Japan, the using subheadings wisely and Atlas, reviews all the principal Mythology of Hinduism, Lama- thus producing a book suitable missions of the huge continent, ism, and the ancient cults of for textbook or cursory reading. till he stands again on Mount Indo-China and Java. One brief For the most part this volume Atlas. He can only sketch the section is devoted to the myth- would meet approval among work as it began its mighty ology of the Shiahs of Persia, Christians of all connections; struggle with animism (called but the longest chapters deal naturally in s 0 m e points it more com m 0 n I y fetishism), with Hinduism and Buddhism. would be chiefly acceptable to coupled with manism (the ven- The c hap t e r on Brahmanic Lutherans. There is abundant eration or worship of ancesmythology opens with an invo- Scriptural reference and his- tors), and ending with Mohamcation to the Hindu gods and torical data to help the reader medanism, that doughty enemy. the concluding paragraph brings trace the currents of thought The sketch is full of historical us back to the question of the which have produced the opin- value as a handbook to the stuorigin of Hinduism: ions expressed. At s eve r a I dent who wishes to refresh his points the discussion leads to an memory on the progress of In India, as everywhere else, what earnest plea that "it is God's Christian missions. legends and their clumsy fictions try will that the Gospel shall actuto discover and explain is the genesis ally reach every individual. He A leadership has been trained of our humanity, the knowledge of has laid upon the Church the up in South Africa and elsethe phenomena of the universe. If obligation to make the call uni- where to take up the Church or- Hindu mythology has a definitely cos- ganized by Western missionmic character when it is interpreted versal in the actual sense. She

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

aries. The most remarkable Yellow Rivers. By Herbert Cressy. made in the direction of ridding Illustrated by drawings. 1 mo. 153 fact is that the Church has, in pp. $1.50. Harpers. New York. the world of leprosy through the 1932. all parts of the continent, had influence of the mission to These stories of "adventure~ little difficulty, except in the in a Chinese Parish" present a lepers setting an example to the fascinating revelation of Chimatter of c h u r c h discipline nese life and the Chinese mind. governments of all nations. The There are personal stories of where the members and some of soldiers and statesmen, of rob- reader of this book leaves it ber bands and rival clans, which the leaders are now working show in realistic pictures the with a clear understanding of conflict between the old and the under the "Ethiopian Church" new during this transition pe- the way in which the spirit of riod. slogan which demands a church the Christ, who said, "Cleanse Mr. Cressy is an American ruled entirely by the African. Baptist missionary who has the lepers," has been the main- lived in China for twenty years. The writer calls attention to He reveals a clear understand- spring of the movement which ing of the people and their proboutstanding successful missions, lems and a deep sympathy with has brought to pass these en- them in their struggles. His the rapid progress in We s t realistic stories are well told and couraging and desperately need- are adapted for reading circles Africa, in the Cameroons and and mission study groups. They ed changes. bring us into closer understandthe transformation of the Bel- ing of the Chinese mind and in- Miss Tin lin g graphically tracacies of missionary work. gian Congo and Angola; the Read about Sun Bei En and "An shows how the spirit of hope Inauspicious Beginning"; "The South Africa success, and rapid Barber and Forty Good-for- with which this seemingly hope- Nothings"; the Foreign Shepincrease in numbers of converts herd and "The Eye of the East" ; less problem has been shot Yin Fang and "A Question of in the Cape Provinces, among the Face"; Little Yang and "The through can become a realiza- Power of Darkness." Hottentots, Kaffirs, Hereroes, tion only as the work is multi- Hope for the Leper-A Present-day Zulus and others and in the East Solution ()f an Ancient Problem. plied a thousandfold and ex- By Christine I. Tinling. Foreword Africa zone, especially embrac- by Wm. M. Danner. 12 mo. 60 tended where the need is still cents. Revell. New York. 1932. ing large groups of Christians in appallingly great. The book is A good picture must present Nyasaland, Tanganyika, Kenya, contrasts of light and shade. a challenge for every follower With offsetting somber tones Uganda and Madagascar. highlights are seen at their best. of Christ. LOIS DANNER. For this reason the author of The North Africa work meets "Hope for the Leper" is justi- Sons. By Pearl Buck. 8 vo. 467 fied in presenting in her opening pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New the problem of African Moham- chapters a picture of leprosy York. 1932. conditions that are now fortumedanism. Here Christianity nately forever past. Her main This sequel to "Good Earth" theme is one of hope. She tells presents a realistic picture of meets the fast closed doors of of the thrilling pro g res s the development and activities achieved by medical science in of a Chinese bandit of the better fanaticism and religious tradi- checking and even apparently class. In this respect it is a dis- curing the disease. She tells of tinct help to our understanding tions of more than a thousand the victorious lives of lepers who have come into contact of China. The story is told in the years. with the Christian Gospel of same clear pure English and its love. She describes the work The s tat i s tic s scattered and the recreation, the surpris- characters are well drawn as in ingly cheerful and natural ex-" the previous story, but its movethroughout the book at the close istence which is made possible ment is slow and unnecessarily in the modern leper hospitaL prolonged. There is also an apof every mission story break in She sets forth the progress parent lack of knowledge and on the text so as to detract from appreciation of the higher type the continuity of interest. These of Chinese. One would never might have been assembled at guess from these two books that any noble characters exist in the close of the history, so that China-all presented in these books are sordid and low. Nor those interested in the numeri- is there the slightest hint that there are any Christ(ans in cal progress might study them China though so me 400,000 with care. L. B. WOLF. Protestants and twice as many Roman Catholics are scattered Seeing Ourselves Through Russia. through the eighteen provinces. Edited by Henry T. Hodgkin. 110 But to our mind the greatest pp. $1.25. Ray Long and Richard fault in the novel is the offense R. Smith. New York. to good taste in some of the scenes depicted. Not only are While giving important facts regarding Russia, the special these scenes sordid-which is to feature of this book is its dis- be expected-but the author's cussion of the problems of descriptions are unnecessarily America and Great Britain and detailed and show a lack of good what the Russian Soviet experi- taste which seems to us inexcusment offers toward their solution. The material is adapted able in any refined woman, and to private and group study, especially in a Christian.

with bibliographical references in connection with each chapter and, at the end of the book, an appendix with questions for review, and a good index. The discussion is thoughtful, judicious and suggestive, as is everything from the pen of this able missionary leader. A. J. B.

to Remember Woman's Board of Missions and the Southern Baptist Foreign

American Board, has resigned, and Board, and is now directing the January 1-7-Universal Wee k of plans to devote her time to the cause Every-Member Canvass. Prayer. of missions by personal service rather than in an official capacity. After January 5-February 16, 1933-Rural her graduation from Mt. Holyoke Christian Workers' Conference. College and some years as secretary Scarritt CoIl e g e for Christian of a Y. W. C. A., Miss Calder be- Obituary Notes Workers, Nashville, Tenn. came secretary of the Young Peo- January 9-11-Annual Home Missions ple's Department of the American Conference. Briarcliff Manor, New Board in 1905. Later she rendered Rai Bahadur ·M. L. Rallia Ram York. conspicuous service as Home Sec- died September 25 at Gurdaspnr, • retary. Punjab, India. He was the eldest son January 17-20-Cause and Cure of •• of Babu Rallia Ram, convert from War Conference. Washington, D. C. The Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, for ten . Hinduism in the early seventies. M. years one of the foreign secretaries L. Rallia Ram may be called the pio- January 23-February 18-C 0 r nell of the American Board, has resigned, neer Indian Christian nationalist. He School for Missionaries. Cornell but hopes to continue his missionary was closely identified with the Reli- University, Ithaca, N. Y. service either on the field or at home. gious Book Society, the National Mis- Mr. Riggs, the son of the late Dr. sionary Society and the Y. M. C. A. February 12-Race Relations Sunday. • • • Riggs of Turkey, was president: of March 3-World Day of Prayer. Euphrates College, Harpoot, from Florida Chain ot Mission"" 1910 to 1915, where he had been an. Assemblus The Rev. William A. Backenatoe, M.D., was born at Emaus, Pennsyl- January I4-18-Jacksonville: First vania, and died in South Africa on Presbyterian Church. instructor since 1904. By his unself- the 16th of October, aged sixty-one ish devotion and effective service Mr. years. Nearly thirty years were spent January 18-20-Winter Haven: First Riggs has ~eatly endeared himself in medical miSSionary work. UDder Presbyterian Church. to missionarIes and to workers at the the General Missionary Board of the • home base. Free Methodist Church of North January 21-26-Miami: First Baptist •• America. Ebenezer Rest Home, in Church. The Rev. William H. Matthews, D.D., has recently completed ten Natal, a nurses' training school for January 25-27-West Palm Beach: years of service as General Secretary African young women and a baby First Methodist at West Palm of the American Tract Society. Dur- welfare clinic were under the care of Beach. ing this period, a current indebted- this faithful missionary. Dr. Back- ness of $60,000 has been wiped out, enstoe was a licentiate of the Royal January 28-February 1-St. Peters- and the amount donated to the S0- College of Physicians and Surgeons burg: First Congregational Church. ciety has more than doubled; and the of Edinburgh and of the Royal Fac- output of Christian literature has ulty of Physicians and Surgeons of January Z9-February I-Tampa: First been increased from 2,170,925 pieces Glasgow and a fellow of the Ameri- Baptist Church. to 4,647,295. • • • can Medical Association.

February 1-3-Clearwater: Peace Me- Dr. Edward M. Haymaker, long as- PRAYER FOR PEACE morial Church. sociated with Presbyterian Missions in Guatemala, having reached the age February 4-8-0rlando: First Pres- of threescore years and ten, will be Eternal God, Father of all souls: brterian Church. DeLand: Meth- odist Episcopal Church. honorably retired on March 81. Grant unto us such clear vision of the ••• sin of war Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, iden- That we may earnestly seek that c0- tified with Methodist Home Mission work for more than a quarter of a operation between nations century, has filled various executive Which alone can make war impos- positions and has visited almost every sible.

Personal Items institution maintained by the Wom- an's Home Missionary Society. Since Dr. L. B. Wolf, for fifty years as- her retirement from executive duties Arouse in the whole body of the pe0lOCiated with the foreign missionary Mrs. Woodrufl' continues her public ple an adventurous willingness, speaking on missions. As they sacrificed greatly for war, work of the American Lutheran ••• So, also, for international good will, Church and for twenty-four years Miss Irene Sheppard, a secretary To dare bravely, think wisely, decide General Secretary of the Foreign Board of the General Synod and of of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign resolutely Missions, has sailed for South Amerthe United Lutheran .Church in ica to visit Presbyterian mission sta- And to achieve triumphantly. Amen. America is retiring from that serv- tions in Colombia and Venezuela. -Harry Emerson Fosdick.

Ice on july 1, 1938. Dr. Wolf was Miss Sheppard corresponds with mis- !!fduated from. Gettysburg Theologiwu Seminary and went to Guntur, sionaries in 12 stations in West Indl!, as a missionary of the Luther- Africa and 25 stations in six coun- tries of Latin America. For ten years an ueneral Synod in 1888. After she was a Y. W. C. A. secretary in ~ty'flve years of service in India Buenos Aires, Argentina, and in Val- ~~ elected to the office of General ; – -.nIw&ry of the Foreign Board • • • paraiso, Chile. The Rev. Archie Lowell Ryan. for ~!.~) three years later being made =- – Treasurer for five years. After eighteen years a Methodist mission- ary in the Philippine Islands, has anotber visit to India, Dr. Wolf is been elected Business Secretary of ing to rewrite his book, «After the World's Sunday School Associa- tion, succeeding the late Dr. Samuel ~No~ narYYyeeaarrsws,,"o" rtkoenrtoieftclointrhgdethiteLuf"othAreefirtgaennr D. Price. His office will be at 1 Madi- ….urch. son Avenue, New York City. ••• "ia Helen B. Calder, for twenty- • •• Dr. Charles E. Maddrey has been ……. years an able executive of the elected Executive Secretary of the

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: Whither 1.lam? ……..•.•…•.•….•….•.••••••••..•… Dunc:.nB. Macdonald •• 1.lam a Gristian Heresy? •……….••.••••••••••••••.••••.. D. S. Margoliouth AI·Ghiza'l on the Pre.ence of God ..•…..•••••••••••.•••••..•…Mergalet Smith Turlcey D'I.cover. the Koran …………..•.•••••.•.•••••••.. F. Lyman MacCallum 1.lam and Modern Educ:.tion …… ' …………………………. Annie E. Fox A Literacy Campaign Among. the Moro•…•.••••..••••••.•••••…. Franle Laubach The Creed of AI·Sanu.1. ……………………… , ………. Fredericle J. Barny. Mary Jane Lovell•••"Mother of the Blind" …..•••••••••… , .•••…'. Adele DJe.h The Law of Freedom (A Dialogue) …………•.••.•.•.•………Jen. Christensen From Marauder to Mystic ……. '…………………………… Pier,e C,abita Current Topics ..,…. Boole Review.,……Survey of Periodical. '

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1932

1932

THE "Lo Mo" of San Francisco Arthur J. Brown An Intense Probletn in Persia James H. Linton A Moravian Bi–Centennial J. Taylor Hamilton Do Foreign Missions Cost Too Much Cleland B. McAfee In the Reign of King Msidi Mrs. John M. Springer

Items The Rev. Juan E. Gattinoni, Super-

intendent of the Buenos Aires district The Rev. Will'on Carlile, founder of of the Eastern SDuth American Meth- odist Episcopal Church, was recently the Church Army of the Church of elected a bishDp by the Central Con- England, celebrated his eighty·fifth ference of SDuth America in session birthday anniversary on January 14th. at SantiagD, Chile. He will have This Church Army, which he founded episcopal residence in Buenos Aires, sixty years ago, has now a thousand where he was pastDr frDm 1920 to commissioned officers. He gave up his 1930. Bishop Gattinoni was born in business as a prosperous silk mer· Italy and went to Argentina as a chant, and chose poverty that he child. might minister to the needy in the slums of London. For fifty years the (Continued on 3d Cover) Church Army has sought to win men, women and children to Christ. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMEN:r Fastest *** Statement of the ownership. Dlanagement. etc.. required by the Act of Congress of !Aucrossing The Rev. J. W. C. Dougall has re- gust 24. 1912. of the ~Issionary Review of signed from the principalship of the the World. published monthly at Indianapolis. TOJAPAN Jeanes School in Kenya to serve as Indiana. for April 1. 1932. educational adviser to the missions in AND Kenya and Uganda. Mr. Dougall is State of New York. County of Westchester. 08: taking a year of studies at the Lon- Before me. a notary public, in and for the CHINA don Day Training College and hopes to take up his duties in Kenya in state and county aforesaid. personally ap- Fastest crossing of the Pacific is September. peared Delavan L. Pierson. who. having been by Empress Direct Express route. duly sworn according to law. deposes and says 10 days flat from Vancouver to *** that he is the editor and business manager of Yokohama. the Missionary Review of the World. and that Hastings K. Banda, the son of a the following is. to the best of his knowledge Empress of. Asia and Empress of chief in Nigeria, Africa, received his and belief, a true statement of the ownership. Russia, largest and fastest liners on Ph. B. degree at the recent convoca· management. etc., of the aforesaid publication thisrun,olfer First Class forthe most tion at the University of Chicago. He for the date shown in the above caption. re- fastidious •.. AT NEW LOW FARES. is the first member .of that tribe to quired by the Act of Congress August 24. 1912. become a Christian as well as the first embodied in section 411. Postal Laws and For a crossing with Honolulu to receive any education beyond the Regulations. interlude, book by Empress of sixth grade. His home is in the heart Japan, largest, fastest liner on the of the Livingstone country, where 1. That the names and addresses of the Pacific. Or take luxurious. Empress Scotch Presbyterian missionaries publisher. editor and business manager are: of Canada, her running mate. Sail· work among his people. He plans ings from San Francisco or Los to study medicine and will then re- Publisher–Missionary Review Publishing Angeles connect with them at turn to minister to his own people. Co., Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New Honolulu. Enjoy the smart, sump. York. tuous luxury of their First Class. *** On all Empresses, a Tourist Class, Editor and Business Manager-Delavan L. of true Empress standard. Countess Margit Bethlen of Hun- Pierson. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New gary was ordained as an elder in the York. All Empress sailings from Van· First Magyar Church of New York couver (trains go direct to ship. recently. Countess Bethlen, who is 2. That the owners and the names and ad- side, baggage checked through to the wife of the former Premier .of dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 state·room) and Victoria: Hungary, has been .on a lecture tDur per cent or more of total amount of stock are: in this cDuntry fDr several mDnths. Owner: Missionary Review Publishing- Co.• Fastest by Direct Express The Rev. Ladislaus Harsanyi, pastor Inc.. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York: Stock- Empress of Canada .. May 7. July 2 .of the church, asked the questiDns .of holders: Mrs. Wm. Borden. New York: Empress of Russia. May 21,July 16 ordination. Edwin L. Bulkley. Englewood. N. J.: H. N. Dougherty. New York: D. J. Fleming-. New Fastest Via Honolulu *** York; Dr. and Mrs. C. R. Erdman. Princeton. Empress of Japan .• June 5. July 30 N. J.: S. H. Gillespie. Morristown. N. J.; W. Empress of Asia .. June 18, Aug. 13 Canon Anson Phelps Stokes, .of the A. Harbison. New York: W. B. Hill, Pough· Protestant Episcopal Cathedral,Wash- keepsie. N. Y.; Mary L. Howard. Hartford. Reduced round trip fares. ington, D. C., has accepted an invita- Conn.: Manly R. Hubbs. Huntington. L. I.; Information, reservations, from tion of the Carnegie FoundatiDn to Mrs. A. McD. Kortright. Huntington. L. I.; your own agent or Canadian Pacific deliver a course .of lectures in the R. A. Long. Kansas City. Mo.: Walter Mc- offices in New York, Philadelphia, colleges of South Africa. He expects Dougall, Upper Montclair. N. J.; D. L. Pier- Chicago, Montreal and 3 1 other to leave in May and will visit Egypt, son. Upper Montclair. N. J.; E. R. D. Pierson. cities in United States and Canada. Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, the Upper Montclair. N. J.: James H. Post. New Belgian Congo, and South Africa. York: S. F. Shattuck. Neenah. Wis.,; R. E. CANADIAN Speer. New York; lIrs. J. Livingston Taylor. * '* * Cleveland. Ohio. PACIFIC Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal of 3. That the known bondholders. mortg-ag"". Tuskegee Institute, has been awarded and other security holders owning or holding the Spingarn Medal. for '1932 by the 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds. National Association for the Ad- mortgages or other securities are: None. vancement of CDIDred People. The award was made "for his thoughtful 4. That the two paragraphs next above. leadership of conservative .opinion and giving the names of the owners. stockholders. actiDn .on the NegrD in the United and security holders. if any. contain not only States, as shDwn in the U. S. Vet- the list of stockholders and security holders erans' Hospital contrDversy at Tus- as they appear upon the books of the com- kegee; by his stand. on education in pany but also. in cases where the stockhold..r Haiti; by his support .of equal oppor- or security holder appears upon the books of tunity for the Negro in the American the company as trustee or in any other public SChDDI system, and by his ex- fiduciary relation. the name of the person or pressiDn of the best ideals .of the corporation for whom such trustee is acting. NegrD in his book, 'What the Negro is given; also that the said two paragraphs Thinks.' H contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees. hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person; as- sociation. 01" corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock. bon,ds. or other securities than as so stated by him.

DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor and Business Manager.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of March. 1932.

[SEAL] EDITH ARER. Notary Public.

to Remember THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

May 2-General Conference of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- lantic City, New Jersey. Vol. LV' M~y, 1932 No.5 May 5-11-Biennial Convention of the Page YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Asso- FRONTISPIECE-Scenes in the Country of Msidi, Central Africa .. CIATIONS, Minneapolis, Minn. TOP'ICS OF THE TIMES……………………………….. 259 May 15-2I-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. Reports on the Crime Wave A Time for Courage and Sacrifice Meeting Deficits and Making Budgets Facing the Crisis in England May I8-Annual Conference, METH- ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- "LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO…………………………. 263 bus, Ohio. By the Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., LL.D., Secretary Emeritus of th"" May I8-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH Presbyterjan Board of Foreign Missions WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. AN INTENSE PROBLEM IN PERSIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267 May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHURCH By Bishop James H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church Mis- IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. sionary Society May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., Denver, Colo. By J. Taylor Hamilton, D.D.. Bishop of the Moravian Church May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- TH~ PRINCETON DECLARATION ON CHURCH AND MISSIONS 274 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S., Mon- treat, N. C. DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH? …………….. 275 June 2-General Synod of REFORMED By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D.. LL.D., Executive Secretary of the CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. N. Y. "NIGHTS WITH GOD" IN AUCKLAND …………………… 277 June 8-15-Annual General Confer- ence, CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, By the Rev. A. S. Wilson Anderson, Ind. "IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI" ………………………. 279 June 14-24-Southwide Conference of the Young Woman's Auxiliary, By Mrs. John M. Springer, a Missionary of the American Methodist Woman's Missionary Union of the Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Central Africa Southern Baptist Convention, Ridgecrest, N. C. MAHATMA GANDHI OR CHRIST IN INDIA ……………….. 284 June 16-20-Annual Convention of the By C. L. Sury, B.A.. LL.B., Lahore, India WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 286 CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio. By the Rev. John S. Conning, D.D., Director of Jewish Work, Board of June 20-July 2-INSTITUTE OF INTER- National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. NATIONAL RELATIONS, NORTHWEST- ERN UNIVERSITY, Evanston, Ill. FENNELL PARISH TURNER-A Friend and Fellow Servant ….. 292 June 20-July I-Conference for Min- By the Rev. J. Lovell Murray, D.D., Director of the Canadian School isters and Religious Workers, and of Missions, Toronto, and formerly Educational Secretary of the one on Church Work in Cities and Student Volunteer Movement Industrial Communities, will meet jointly this year at Union Theolog- MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE LOCAL CHURCH ………. 295 ical Seminary, New York City. By the Rev. Norris L. Tibbetts, Pastor and Director of Religious Edu- Mission Suisse-A Correction cation in Hyde Park Baptist Church, Chicago, Ill.

Our attention has been called to an EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ………………………. 297 error that appeared in our December, 1931, issue (page 9(0) in reference to Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison the change of the "Mission Suisse Romande" to the "Mission Suisse dan WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 301 I'Mrique du Sud." The facts are given as follows by the Rev. D. P. Edited by Annp. Seesholtz and F10rence G. Tyler Lenoir, Secretary, whose address is 2 Cheman des Cedres, Lausanne, OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………. . 305 Switzerland: A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events "In 1929 the name of the society was changed, in recognition of the aid OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF ………………………… 317 given to the mission by various friends in the German-speaking Can- Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information tons. It had previously been under the Protestant churches of French- Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana speaking Switzerland. The society's fields of labor are in the Transvaal Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City and in Portuguese East Africa. The mission supports 100 missionaries Entered …. second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of and requires half a million Swiss francs for its annual budget. At the March 3, 1879. last annual missionary assembly the subscribers showed their firm resolve 25 cents a cop}'-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year to maintain the work in spite of the present financial difficulties. The Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by tbe Swiss Mission continues in faith to carryon the work God has given her MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC. to do." Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President A. L. W ARNSHUIS WALTER MCDOUGALL, Tre….urer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH

MEMORIAL CHURCH. ELISABETHVILLE. "SWANA"-CHARLES A. SWAN. MISSIONARY

CENTRAL AFRICA MSIDI'S PEOPLE.

Here are crowd'S of Christian Africans entering the Church which is built on the spot where fifty years ago witchcraft and murder were practiced.

MWENDA. MSIDI'S SON. AND HIS HEAD WIFE. BUHI-IN A LUBA WOMAN OF THE PRESENT DAY-NEAR BUNKEY~. FOREIGN DRESS. IN NATIVE DRESS.

SCENES IN THE COUNTRY OF KING MSIDI, CENTRAL AFRICA Rl3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1932 Topics. of the Times REPORTS ON THE CRIME WAVE What are the causes of this unhealthy state of Police reports for New York, and for most of society? Police magistrates and students of social the other large cities of the United States, reveal conditions declare that today these crimes are not a distressing and ominous increase in crime. The generally traceable to the economic depression or number of lawbreakers, their boldness. and the even to a larger use of intoxicants and drugs, proportion of youthful criminals, have all in- but they are due mainly to inadequate moral and creased since the World War. ThE:! police com- religious training. In other words crime, which missioner reports that in spite of all that 20,000 is an infraction of human laws, is due to a lack of policemen can do to protect life and property in a true sense of sin, which is a disregard for God's laws. The great safeguard against crime is char- New York City, murders there have risen 16% acter, and the basis of character is right relationduring the past year. The causes for these kill- ship to God. In proportion as men and women ings are described as due to personal quarrels and disregard God and His laws, they think lightly gangster disputes, to bootlegging and robbing, to of sin and crime increases. When personal de- "love affairs" and family quarrels. The cases of sires lead men to disregard the rights of others, they hesitate to break the laws of society only on assault and robbery have also increased by 23 % the basis of expediency. The cure for crime is the destruction of its root-sin-plantingin its and "holdups" 60 % in one year. Arrests for homicide have multiplied threefcld in 30 years.

The most disturbing feature of this report is, place reverence and love for God and unselfish however, the growth in the number of youthful goodwill for men.

criminals and in the women taking active part in America's weakness today is due to the fact crimes of violence. A few years ago practically that our homes are not sufficiently the center of all those arrested were middle-aged men experi- family life and the place of effective religious enced in crime. Today a very large number are training. The Church is neglected by parents who young men between the ages of seventeen and formerly attended, but now are failing to set a twenty-one, with a liberal sprinkling of young worthy example to their children. Multitudes of women. Of the 477,324 arrests made in New parents are actually afraid to restrain their minor York City last year, 6,327 were children under children in their reading, their amusements, their sixteen, and 136,949 were between sixteen and companions and their habits. They are no longer twenty-five years of age. true representatives of God in the home, for like The report of the New York Society for the David in his dealings with his son Adonijah Suppression of Vice is also disturbing. Last year (I Kings 1 :6), they fear to displease their chil- over five thousand obscene books and many thou- dren by correcting them. The result is disaster.

sands of similar pamphlets and pictures were con- What can be expected when society becomes dis- fiscated and destroyed. The prosecutions and con- eased at its base and when parents and the home fiscations would have been much more numerous no longer exercise a powerful counteracting influ- were it not for the fact that the censorship and ence to the allurements of the world, the flesh, and judgment as to what literature is obscene is much the devil?

less strict than it was twenty years ago. The America needs to return to the God of our type of theatricals and "movies" permitted is also fathers, as He is revealed in Jesus Christ, His reported as increasingly objectionable from a son. Many times judges on the bench have de- moral point of view. Some dance halls and clared that Christian training is the only hope "speakeasies" are naturally the breeding places of of youth, and youth forms the foundation of vice and crime. society.

[259]

MEETING DEFICITS AND MAKING BUDGETS China Inland Mission The "period of economic readjustment" through Income for 1931 shows increase of nearly 10% over 1930. which we are passing has been one of the causes The Mission makes no definite budget but spends accordfor the falling off in gifts to missions from 10 to 35 percent. It is not difficult to see what this ing to ,amount received. means. If a mission board has based its budget No reduction in remittances. Missionary salaries have on $1,000,000 income, is supporting on the field 600 missionaries and helping to maintain 100 been slightly increased to meet drop in silver market. schools and hospitals, then a reduction of the in- New missionaries have been sent out-two hundred in come to $700,000 or $800,000 means that the work the past two years when the "Forward Movement" has or the workers must suffer a severe cut. In most been in progress. cases, the expenses have been kept as low as seems Not anticipating curtailment in missionary program; consistent with efficiency, so that such a cut means seeking to enlarge evangelistic activities. either dismissal of workers, reduction in salaries, the closing of schools and hospitals or reductions Christian and Missionary Alliance all along the line. The latter has been the course followed during the past year in most cases. One Receipts considerably below 1930. society, the China Inland Mission, has, however, No fixed salaries paid; slight reduction made in allowin the last two years, been enabled to send to the field 200 new missionaries without reducing the ances fbr living expenses, pro rata to receipts, after living allowances of its workers. fixed charges ,are met. Native churches are assuming increased responsibility. A letter to the treasurers of the foreign mission Missionary interest at home is promoted by prayer and boards has brought out the following facts as to Bible study, literature and conferences. what adjustments have been made to meet the Hope to send out twenty or more new missionaries this reduced incomes. These statements are not all year. on the same time basis as fiscal years end at different dates. Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions American Baptist Foreign Mission Society Decrease in income about 18%. Budget is $1,000,000 less than three y;ears ago. Decrease in receipts to date about 13%. Serious reductions in property account and reinforce- All home staff voluntarily accepted 10% reduction and missionary salaries cut 10%. ments. No ,avoidable additions to appropriations. Home base expenses reduced and most of foreign property No reduction in salaries at home or abr.oad. items 11ave been cut from the budget. Voluntary offerings by members of the executive staff. Contemplating a reduced budget for 1932-3. Campaign to secure 100,000 individuals in churches who Board of Missionary Cooperation is promoting "The Main- will support missionaries on basis of $5 a day.

tenance Movement" to stimulate the church. Considering withdrawal from some fields, if slump con- Board hopes to maintain present scale of work. tinues, but opposition to this course is strong.

American Board (Congregational) Methodist Episcopal Church, South Income shows net loss of 15%. Income decreased $260,000 in past year-about 25%. No reductions in budget thus far but expect to reduce Budget reduced $500,000 (generally) since 1930-no new appropriations after September 1st. buildings authorized. Salaries at home and abroad reduced 5% to 10% from Headquarters staff and missionaries have accepted 10% May 1st. cut. Voluntary contributions by missionaries and home staff Plan intensive cultivation of home church with district amount to about 5% up to May 1st. institutes to discuss whole program. Chief reductions in appropriations to work under native Situation will be considered at annual meeting.

churches or missions; also in appointment of new mis- Moravians sionaries and in decrease in present staff. Proportionate cut in home expense and promotion work. Decrease of income from contributions 10%, and from Commission on Missions is sponsoring a "Dollar per Mem- investments about 12%. ber" plan to make up deficit; missionary education and information is promoted. Nicaraguan field budget cut about 25% and other adjust- Prudential Committee faces the difficult problem of budget ments made in the missions. Apparently a further cut readjustment. must be made next year.

American Friends Board of Missions Constant effort to arouse the church.

Anticipated deficit of 30% in budget.. Plan to reduce next Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (U. S. A.) year's budget 30%. Reduced receipts to date about 13%. Reduction in salaries; missionaries not yet called home. No change in authorized ,appropriations as commitments Drastic cuts in fields where self-support is most possible. Seeking to arouse interest by information and encourage- have already been made for the year. Missions all over the world notified of a reduction of 10% ment through church papers and local meetings. in the expenditures for the first quarter of the year. A similar reduction has been made in home administra- tion in salaries of staff. Efforts made to acquaint church with the situation and the opportunity. Missions asked to report on possible reductions-to be considered later.

Presbyterian Church in the United States (South) Decrease in receipts to date about 19%. Has been a 33% cut on all "work appropriations" for the field, and a 10% cut in official and clerical salaries at home base, missionaries' salaries, children's allowances and union work.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

January was month of special appeal to churches through Situation put before the churches. Called for month of correspondence, church papers, etc. self-denial in March.

Further reduction probable; one-fifth of debt and all cur- Considering readjustment expenses in order to meet rent year deficit must be included in budget for next possible further reduction in receipts. year.

Protestant Episcopal-Domestic and Foreign Missions TIME FOR COURAGE AND SACRIFICE Decrease in income 1931 was 15%. Pledges for 1932 show Evidently most of the mission boards and the decline of 22% from those of 1931 and 13% from re- missionaries on the field face a very serious finan- ceipts of last year. cial situation. The decrease in gifts, and in in- come from investments, has already meant a stop- Appropriations for 1932 reduced $576,654 or over 13%. ping of advance work and a cessation of building Budget still $400,000 short.

Salaries of all officers, employees and missionaries (over 3,000 people) cut 10%. Other cuts in every field of in most fields, the withdrawing or withholding of operation. some missionaries, less help to the nat i v e churches, and less adequate support for the work- Church is called to make special offerings by Whitsunday ers. It may be necessary and advantageous to re- (May 15) to realize additional $400,000 to meet the re- adjust and curtail expenditures in other direc- duced budget requirements and avoid further curtail- ment of missionary program.

Efforts being made to arouse the majority of church tions, at home and abroad, and to put still larger membership not now giving regularly to missions. The National Council calls for emphasis on need for responsibility upon national churches. There are encouragements and blessings, as strengthening practice of stewardship by church mem- bers. well as causes for disquietude, in the situation.

Seventh Day Adventists The effect on the world-wide work may not be Decrease in income this year about 9%. wholly harmful.

Necessary to reduce· appropriations for 1932 as the Mis- While missionary leaders and workers have sion Board does not borrow money to conduct its foreign or home work. been seeking the guidance of God, all are today more than ever looking to Him as the only hope. Salaries of home staff and of missionaries all reduced 10%. Building operations and institutional expansion Missions and mission boards are looking earn- have been checked. estly to discover and correct the mistakes of the Board is seeking to arouse home church and to lay larger past so that they may prove still more faithful responsibility for self-support on the church in the field. stewards. Some missionaries on furlough remain at home. The decrease in material income is leading There will be a general revision of budgets to meet the Christians to appreciate the spiritual values more, emergency.

United Brethren in Christ is showing many things we can do without, and is teaching valuable lessons in sacrifice. Decrease in income l,ast year about 12%. Bequests have been used for current expense funds in While the personal incomes of Christians in place of for building and equipment. Appropriations the home church have decreased from 15% to reduced 15 % in two years; some missionaries on fur- 100%, their contributions to benevolences have lough detained at home. generally decreased only between 10% and 35%. No reduction in salaries, but secretaries, clerical help and missionaries have voluntarily contributed 10% to Loy- There are few, if any, signs of pessimism, dis- alty Gift Fund. couragement or lessening of faith and effort on Aggressive steps taken to ,arouse the church by an Every the part of pastors and others in positions of re- Member Canvass in May. Woman's Department plan- sponsibility. ning a "World Mission Advancement Day" next autumn to raise special fund to return furloughed mis- Cuts in salary and in appropriations have been sionaries. Plans made to cultivate Sunday Schools met cheerfully and often voluntarily offered by more system.atically. those most deeply affected. Some have impover- .

No plans for further curtailment of missionary program. ished themselves to aid the work. No stations abandoned and no work closed. Larger re- The real basis of hope-of certainty-as to sponsibility is placed on national churches. progress and ultimate victory is in the fact that Un'ited Christian Missionary Society (Disciples of Christ) "the battle is not ours but God's." It is His cam- (Foreign mission expenditures are about 50% of total.) paign; His resources are scarcely touched, much Decrease last year in income 7% over previous year and less exhausted; He has not surrendered to the 13% for first eight months of this fiscal year. enemy; He has not become discouraged; He has not withdrawn his commission to spread the news Budget reduced $350,000-about 20% for the past three of life through Christ to all the world. He has years.

All salaries at home reduced (including secretaries, clerks and missionaries). No reduction of foreign missionary not lost faith in His servants.

salaries. There have been many darker days in the past Cuts made in all departments about equally. Mission- -politically, socially and economically; there are many spots on earth today where we find worse aries withdrawn from Tibetan border, and some from conditions than we find in the homes and offices in the Philippines, Japan and Puerto Rico; native churches are assuming larger responsibility.

America where the depression is felt most keenly. is being saved this year, principally by 5% cuts in salaries The sun is shining beyond the clouds. When ex- at home and abroad, the decision to withdraw from any perience and a closer fellowship with God has of the Society's spheres of service abroad has been posttaught us needed lessons Christians will be poned. stronger and wiser, more sacrificial and more effective in fulfilling their responsibilities as repre- The Baptist Missionary Society last October decided sentatives of Christ on earth. upon a reduction of expenditure of £17,000, and the For- eign Secretary was sent to India and Ceylon to confer FACING THE CRISIS IN ENGLAND with missionaries and church leaders as to how the reduc- tion can be effected. No missionaries are to be recalled The missionary societies in Great Britain are and no reduction is to be made in allow,ances, but in some encouraged to find that things are not so bad as areas, a larger measure of responsibility will be handed it was feared. All the societies have had to face over to native churches. While there is a deficit of increased expenditure because of the high bank £10,259 on last year's accounts, the income in contriburate, and unfavorable exchange rates. This item tions from the churches showed an increase of £2,000 alone means a charge of from $10,000 to $50,000 over that of the preceding year. A special eff.ort is to for the year to several societies. The difficulties be made to raise the income again for the present year. seem to have aroused the Christian givers, themselves hit by reduced salaries and increased taxa- The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society is basing tion, to make great sacrifices. The result is that its present efforts on the assumption that only one-third the home incomes of the Missionary Societies in of the church members are giving to the missionary work. Instead of devising special schemes for raising money, its the British Conference is only 5 % less for the energies are directed to spreading and deepening mis- sionary interest. The normal income of the Society from past year of crisis than the record home income the home districts decreased £10,000 in 1931 as compared of the boom year, 1921. The general decrease in with 1930 and £17,000 as compared with 1929. The whole gifts to missions this past year has been less than staff at home and abroad has imposed on itself a 5% salary cut, while a 2% % reduction in the s,alaries of na- 2%. tional workers in India, China and Africa has been ac- cepted. There are to be no withdrawals-the work every- The Secretary of the Conference of British Mis- where is to be maintained at minimum cost, ,and vacansionary Societies writes "that Church members cies with very few exceptions are being filled. are prepared to make every sacrifice in order that the response to the needs of the work of the King- The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel has issued dom of God shall be at least as striking as the re- a statement that the Society does not expect to curtail sponse of the nation to the needs of the State. . . . grants, or recall any missionaries. Vacancies can be filled if suitable candidates are forthcoming. There have been "Mission Boards are convinced that there is no voluntary surrenders of salaries at home and abroad, and occasion for pessimism or panic. They have had economies are being effected in certain fields through abundant evidence of a new spirit of sacrifice self supp.ort by the daughter churches. among supporters at home, missionaries in the field, and the native churches. In field after field The Foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church of missionaries have asked that their salaries should Wales is making no cuts in salaries, but a 5% cut in forbe cut rather than that work should be aban- eign grants is to be met by economies and withdrawals. doned or crippled, and with great reluctance There is to be no capital expenditure on buildings for the boards have had to take advantage of this g2ller- next five years. A strenuous effort is being made to exosity. . . . plain the position to members of the denomination and to encourage contributions. "It looks as if the crisis were going to mark the beginning' of a new era in missionary work in Primitive Methodist Missionary Society expects that the which the contribution made by the churches of present deficit ,of more than £2,000 will be increased. The the West may differ considerably from that which S;Ociety hopes to avoid cuts in missionaries salaries. they have been making for the past one hundred and fifty years. . . ." The Church of Scotland Foreign Mission Committee is planning a reduction in expenditure from the general Some of the important British Missionary So- fund at the rate of £10,000. Ways and means of effectcieties give interesting information as to the ing the necessary economies are under discussion. present position and as to plans for the future. The general application of measures for econ- The Church Missionary Society had a deficit last year omy cannot be made without the work of the misof more than £20,000. Cuts have accordingly been made sionary societies being handicapped, but it is enin grants to missions, allowances to missionaries and couraging to note that little work is being abanhome organizations and a further reduction of expendi- doned, that vacancies are being filled with few exture by £30,000 if necessary is contemplated. The ceptions, and new recruits are not being held back budgeted expenditure for the current year is £476,294. in Great Britain. The British are a great example of courage and fidelity in facing responsibility- The London Missionary Society was forced last year whether national or religious. to consider the withdrawal of missionaries from certain fields, but the response to a challenge to increase the in- Every Christian needs faith and courage, tocome £15,000 was so encouraging that while nearly £9,000 gether with a clearer vision of God as revealed in Christ; a deeper appreciation of the condition of men without Christ; a greater sense of our own indebtedness and a more intense devotion to the cause of our Lord and Redeemer.

"Lo Mo"" of San

The Story of Donaldina Cameron and Her Work For the Rescue of Chinese Girls By the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.~D., LL. D., New York ):..

Secretary Emeritus of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Author of "The Foreign Missionary"

I N all the widely extended and diversified work so the dealers in this slave trade adopted the de- of modern missions, it would be difficult to vice of having each girl met at the steamship pier mention any of deeper human interest and by a hil'ed Chinese who swore that she was his more thrilling adventure than the effort. to rescue wife, and to prove his claim presented a photo- many of the Chinese girls who have been brought graph that had been sent to him in advance. If to America. "Brought" is the a girl was too young to pass proper word, for with the ex- the immigration official as a ception of the comparatively WORTH SAVING wife, the Chinese made oath small number who have come that she was his daughter.

as wives or daughters of re- The plight of the poor girls spectable Chinese men, these was pitiable. All were young, girls did not come voluntarily some of them mere children.

but were imported under They did not indeed have the false representation to be- Christian idea of the sin of come virtual slaves for im- impurity, but they were treat- moral purposes. Some of them ed as prisoners. Save in the had been kidnapped in China m 0 s t expensive establish- and others had been bought ments, they were closely con- from poverty-stricken par- fined in wretched, dirty tene- ents who valued sons but ments, cruelly whipped if were callously indifferent to they disobeyed their evil mas- daughters. There was a prof- ters, and subjected to every itable market for them on the imaginable abuse. Health was Pacific Coast where about soon wrecked and then the twenty-nine out of every broken, worn-out little body thirty Chinese were men, was hurried to the Potter's most of whom had lax no- Field.

tions of sex morality or none To the Christian women of at all. Brothel keepers were California belongs the honor ready to pay high prices for of leadership in the effort to girls. Standard rates ranged rescue these unfortunate vic- from $200 to $500, but excep- tims of man's greed and lust. tionally attractive girls some- In 1873 a group of five Prestimes brought as high as byterian w 0 men, who s e $3,000. hearts had been stirred by the The· law restricting Chi- wretched lot of the little Chi- nese immigration was evaded nese slave girls in San Fran- by bringing the girls in as cisco, determined to under- "Picture Brides." Wives of take a work of rescue, and Chinese men who were al- for this purpose they organ- ready in the United States ized themselves as the Wom- were permitted to enter, and en's Occidental Board of Mis- [263 ]

sions. Realizing that rescued girls would have to told heavily upon her; but her spirit was as un- be sheltered and cared for, a small house was se- conquerable as it was beautiful and she carried cured on Prospect Street, San Francisco, with the burden of the superintendency with unflag- Miss S. M. Cummings of Philadelphia as the mis- ging devotion for fourteen years when, in 1885, sionary in charge and Mrs. Tam Ching as Chi- she was joined by one who was to become famous nese assistant. The rooms were soon filled, and as one of the Christian heroines and saints of the in 1876 larger quarters were secured on Sacra- universal Church, Miss Donaldina Cameron, mento Street. This building, too, was outgrown Mother "LoMo," as the Chinese affectionately call her.

Descended from a Highland chief in Scotland, Miss Cameron's parents had emigrated to New Zealand where Donaldina was born at Clydevale, July 26, 1869. When she was two years old, the family came to California and settled on a ranch in the San Joaquin Valley. After the death of her mother, her father removed first to San Jose, afterward to Oakland, and finally to the San Ga- briel Valley where he became manager of the fa- mous Puento Ranch. Donaldina attended the school in San Jose and Oakland and later entered the Normal School in Los Angeles. Her physical THE REFUGE AT 920 SACRAMENTO STREET and mental development were influenced by the and the present building was obtained as the com- free outdoor life of a California ranch where she bined headquarters of the Occidental Board and rode horses and took part in athletic sports. Mrs.

the Rescue Home. All over the world "920 Sac- P. D. Browne, who had become a friend of the ramento Street" became known as the center of a family during their residence in Oakland, occa- beneficent work for humanity and Christ. Many sionally visited at the ranch and Carol Green Wil- missionaries traveling to and from their fields in son, in her remarkably interesting book, "China- eastern Asia and many other Christian workers, town Quest," says that during one of these visits including the writer of these pages, have reason in the summer of 1885 Donaldina listened en- to remember the happy atmosphere of that blessed haven of Christian love and hospitality.

The leading spirit in this movement was Mrs.

P. D. Browne, a woman of remarkable force of character and missionary devotion. She it was who called together the original group, and when the Occidental Board was formed she became its first president. Only one of her indomitable energy and courage could have made headway against the opposition of the unscrupulous men who profited by the traffic in Chinese girls and the apathy of many Americans who felt that nothing could be done to combat successfully the evil. But Mrs. Browne was equal to every emer- gency and she labored with indefatigable zeal in raising funds and enlisting the cooperation of the women's societies, many of which she herself was instrumental in organizing.

Miss Margaret Culbertson, whom Mrs. Browne CAPTAIN ROBERT DOLLAR VISITS THE HOME persuaded to take charge of the Rescue Home in chanted as Mrs. Browne described her busy days 1881, was also a remarkable woman, who had in the fascinating city of San Francisco. With gone to California from western New York as glowing eyes she talked of the Chinese girls res- governess for the children of a brother of that cued by Miss Culbertson from brothels and opium pioneer magnate, D. O. Mills. Miss Culbertson dens. Suddenly she said to the young woman by and Mrs. Browne quickly became friends, and her side: "Dolly, don't you want to do some- when a successor to Miss Cummings was needed, .thing? Won't you come up and help Miss Cul- Miss Culbertson accepted the post. Her health bertson at the Chinese Home? She's getting so was not robust and the nervous strain of the work frail, and now that Miss Houseworth has to leave

"LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO

SOME OF THE RESCUED GIRLS IN MISS CULBERTSON'S TIME So began a career crowded with adventure, and characterized by a courage, devotion and reshe will be so overburdened." Miss Cameron sourcefulness that make the story of thrilling in- terest. The failing health and finally the death heard this appeal and afterward descr~bed her of Miss Culbertson in July, 1897, threw the whole burden of the rescue work upon the shoulders of momentous decision. She said to a friend: "I Miss Cameron, then only twenty-eight years of age. The widely extended and diversified operajust stepped into that great task as blithely as 1 tions that she has since directed have been sum- marized by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, as follows: stepped into your car today, in no way guessing The work of the Home is primarily that of rescuing what lay ahead, in no way prepared to undertake slave girls who have been brought unlawfully into this country and the search of these girls may lead from it. . . . From the first, I loved Miss Culbertson. I Seattle to Ph~nix into every f.orm of den or secret haunt of vice. Tidings concerning these girls come in every loved the Chinese. I never remember feeling any- way, by whispered word or secert note or police inquiry, often from Chinese themselves who know Miss Cameron's thing foreign about them. Never will I forget the indomitable courage and unfailing persistence. All over the United States her name is feared by Chinese and white laughing face of Ah Ying, the first Chinese girl I lawbreakers and oppressors of childhood. Tragedy and sordid crime tax to the breaking point the sympathy and came to know, as she tapped so gently on my door abilities of the workers. Threats and peril and danger are their daily portion. That rescue work is not at an to announce 'Lunch is ready.' " end, even in this enlightened day, seems sure when a San Francisco paper can carry in a flaring headline, as it did Very soon after Donaldina's arrival at Sacra- DONALDINA CAMERON IN CHINESE COSTUME mento Street, Miss Culbertson called her to the office and said: "Are you sure you will not be afraid in this work?"

"Oh, no!" she answered quickly.

"It isn't too late to change your mind there are dangers, you know."

Immediately her Scotch blood was aroused.

"Why?"

Without raising her voice, Miss Culbertson ex- plained that on that very morning the girl who was cleaning the halls had found a strange look- ing stick. Police were called and after a hasty investigation declared that there was enough ex- plosive in that "stick" to blow up a whole city block. This was unusual, for the Chinese seldom went so far with their bitter threats against the Home. But the latest slave girl rescued by Miss Culbertson had represented such a high purchase price that the owner had attempted to wreak di- rect vengeance. Then Miss Culbertson said quietly to her new helper: "Now, are you going to stay?"

"Are you?" just as calmly returned Donaldina Cameron.

"Of course."

"Then I shall stay, too."* * Chirw,town Quest, The Life Adventures of Donaldina Cameron, by Carol Green Wilson, published by Stanford University Press, Stan- ford, Calif. pP. 8-11. .

not long ago: "Five Slave Girls Rescued in Raid." This involves a fight with the evil men who have paid was the story of a recent raid by the police and our Mis- a high price for the girl and who fiercely oppose sion Home force. the effort to take her to the Home. Not infre- quently it has been necessary to break open with Other types of work have naturally fallen to the Mis- an axe doors of vile resorts; it has been necession Home. Cases have been committed by courts; orphan sary to contend against shyster lawyers who dechildren and nameless babies have become the charges fend the resort keepers in court proceedings, and .of the Home; business girls have found here shelter and to face hired scoundrels who pretend to be innosafety after business hours. A variety of care and train- cent husbands or fathers. But Miss Cameron ing must be provided for such a varied household-med- has learned all the tricks of the trade and has so ical care; schooling for these girls who cannot be allowed gained the confidence and esteem of policemen, to leave the Mission Home because of court pr.oceedings judges and reputable lawyers that they promptly for fear of kidnapping; trainin'g in household work; indus- respond to her calls for assistance. trial work that they may be able to make a livelihood with weaving or embroidery; and above all and thr.ough In reply to a recent visitor's question as to it all training in true Christian knowledge and living, whether the slave traffic in Chinese girls has such as has transformed these hundreds of girls who have really ceased, Miss Cameron said: "Not exactly. been sheltered by the Home. Through the generosity of Sergeant Manion and I were just discussing that a friend, Tooker Home in Oakland was provided to care question yesterday. We find that such girls are for a large group of the younger girls and the Baby House not often brought into San Francisco any more. charms all visitors. A new building on a site given by Our police are too quick for them. But in other Captain Hobert Dollar has provided more adequate ac- cities up and down the Coast, and even in the commodations for these younger groups. But the Rescue East, we are told that conditions are far from Home with its devoted group of Christian w.omen and its right." tender ministry to Chinese girls during fifty years remains on the San Francisco hillside. Over two thousand The Presbyterian Board of National Missions, girls have been under the influence of the Home and have which took over the care of the work in 1922, is gone out to be useful members of society, some in China continuing the warmly sympathetic support that as teachers .or home makers, some as helpers among their was formerly given by the Woman's Board of own people in the United States, many in homes of their Foreign Missions. This Christ-like ministry for own in America, and, some as business girls in the new the unfortunate Chinese girls on the Pacific Coast world opened up for Chinese women.t has a strong and continuing appeal to the Chris- tian heart of American womanhood. Many stirring experiences in Miss Cameron's life are described in Miss Wilson's fascinating story of the work. Almost every case of rescue t Leaflet, by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, publisbed by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Our Gifts to Benevolences According to the statistics compiled this year by the United Stewardship Council (of which Rev. Harry S. Myers, is Secretary) the total gifts of twenty-five leading denominations in " North America, for churches with a total membership of 23,416,365, last year amounted to $507,491,165. The benevolent gifts from this group amounted to $106,278,015, or about one- fifth 'Of the total. Gifts for foreign missions are not segregated. .

The highest per capita giving per annum for benevolence is found among the United Pres- byterians, ($12.65 each) and the lowest is among the Southern Baptists ($2.03 each). Many of these people are extremely poor and live in small communities. The largest denominational per capita giving for congregational expenses is in the Protestant Episcopal Church ($37.25 each) which stands twelfth in benevolence giving. The lowest per capita giving for congrega- tional expenses is from the Brethren ($7.43 ea:;h). They stand next to the Protestant Epis- copal in benevolence.

The denomination spending the largest total amount annually for congregational expenses ($75,712,174) is the Methodist Episcopal, which stands also first in total gifts to benevolence ($15,848,547). They stand twelfth in per capita giving. It would be interesting, if possible, to compare the per capita personal living expenses of members of these denominations, and the amounts expended on luxuries and amusements, with their per capita giving. Each one who keeps an account can compare his or her expenses and gifts. It would be an arresting study for many Christians.

Intense Problem In

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I!:"

Missionary of the Church Missionary Society H ERE are the bald facts, hot from my heart. engagement, and you can wait till you are free I cannot, for obvious reasons, give the and then marry her." real names. I was on a tour and reached the town of X late What an alluring way! How the man's own in the afternoon and found myself right in the heart longed to accept it! But he said he would thick of a very intense problem. Mirza is a Chris- do nothing till I arrived and he could talk it over tian working in a business house some miles away with me. Friends go on, pressing, pressing. from the town. Some years ago, whil~ he was "Fool," they say, "why wait for the Bishop? still a Moslem, he took a temporary wife, which Sign the contract and leave the rest to discuss is allowable under the Shiah Islamic law in Per- with the Bishop." sia. She was a widow with two children. Later he made her his legal wife. Some time after his Then came the news that I was arriving on marriage Mirza was converted and was baptized. Wednesday, and poison gas methods gave place He also won his wife for Christ and she, too, was to a veritable barrage in which even the girl's baptized. Then came a Moslem priest who told mother joined. Her father is dead, and her this wife that, as a Christian, her children could brother claimed the right to act instead of her not succeed to her late husband's inheritance. As father. He rushed off for a Moslem priest, and a result she renounced her faith in Christ and in her name he signed a contract of marriage. there began disaster in the home. She began to go into debt without the knowledge of her hus- When I arrived I was told the thing was finband, until he never knew what he possessed or ished and there was an end of the matter. But did not. She sold his clothes, gave away the sup- they had forgotten. Some weeks before a new law ply of wheat he had bought to last for a whole was passed, and among other clauses was one year, and finally, for a long time she refused to which took away from a brother this power of be a wife to him at all. Home was home no making a contract of marriage for his sister. longer. A year ago he told me a good deal of Only the father can now do this, and he only durthe story, and I urged him to do his best to wipe ing ·the girl's minority. When she comes of age out his debts. This has used up all his savings she can renounce the contract if she will. for many years. All the joy went out of Hfe, but he stood firm in his Christian witness and tried to The barrage which had been directed on the win his wife back to Christ. man was now turned on the girl also. Her rela- tions may have had some other hold on the man, Mirza has a young cousin, a sweet girl of I do not know. The girl asked her school prineighteen who, from her childhood, has always cipal to stay with her, asking for her protection. looked upon him as her favorite cousin. When The man came into town and demanded that the she was a child he played with her and was her girl be given to him! In despair they asked me hero. Being cousins they see one another freely, to see him. Though he had said that he would do -and she, too, is a very sincere Christian and a nothing till I came, now he refused to see me. teacher in a mission school. In his so bitter ex- "I will have her," he said. "Whether tonight, or perience with his wife, Mirza turned to his cousin in a week or a month. She shall be mine. You for sympathy and love. The voice of the tempter shall not keep her from me!" comes to him: "You are a Persian. The law allows you to take another wife. Why not take I found the woman missionary principal nearly her? You both love one another. Take her." broken with anxiety and advised that she ten the relatives of the written request for protection But Mirza and his cousin know that as Chris- that the girl had given her. If they gave any furtians they cannot accept that way out. ther trouble she would tell the police. That seemed to frighten the relatives. "Well," says the tempter, "at any rate sign the legal contract which need not be more than an Then Mirza'asked that the girl go to his house and there openly declare that she would not have' anything to do with him-"Come for only ten minutes." She refused and finally he went away.

[267 ]

That night I was asleep, tired out after the sired to have." And now–! Was it all for journey, when, about 10 :30 o'clock, I was called. nought? Surely not, or what is the use of our The missionary said that they had come again to being out in Persia preaching the Gospel of Him her house to demand the girl-"Just for ten min- who saved Peter by His prayer. "I have prayed utes." The girl would do nothing till she con- for thee," Jesus said, and His prayer was ansulted me. Off I went to the other end of the swered. He triumphed over Satan by His prayer. town with that missionary, who felt her own We prayed too, and, glory to Him, her faith has honor bound up in the honor of the girl. I found not failed. God does answer prayer. The girl is the girl quite firm in her resolution to stand by in the mother's house, and we are praying. Nothher Christian principles. She knew quite well ing less than sacrificial prayer is worth anything what was behind that request to go to his house in a case like this. Is it worth it to you as a for ten minutes. Christian mother or father? What is it worth for our Father in Heaven? We prayed together, and I advised her to offer to go to her mother's house for ten minutes, on I went off to the village where Mirza was at condition that the missionary go and stay with work and found him in his office. He was surher all the time. They accepted this, and she prised to see me and my heart went out to him. went and definitely declared that she would have He had aged since I saw him a year ago, for he nothing to do with the contract her brother had was grey and haggard. We talked; we prayed. made. You could not but feel for him. God feels for him, too. It is not blame, but love, fellowship, Next morning I had a heartbroken message and above all, trust that he needs. He changed from the missionary: "Her mother came at half- completely when I spoke to him in words of sympast three in the morning and took the girl away. pathy. I said that I trusted him to come through I could do nothing to keep her when the mother triumphant. We knelt and prayed together, and demanded the girl." he pledged himself to me and to God that he would have nothing more to do with the girl till The Devil! How he worked that night for vic- God made him a free man. So God triumphed tory? Was all lost ? No, for Jesus is on the over the strongest human desires that a man has. throne. God! How we prayed that day for the girl; for the man. Does God hear? Does He an- We hold on in prayer, in faith-for him, for swer prayer? her. The temptation is not over.

Swiftly the message went round to the inner "Why should he not divorce his other wife," circle of praying people. If the devil put his bar- says the world. "He married her as a Moslem, rage of temptation around those two of God's and such marriage is not necessarily lifelong in children, we put our barrage of prayer around its implications." True; but he became a Chris- God's throne. It seemed hopeless. She was in a tian and so is under the law of Christ. Persian home with the Persian outlook on marriage. "His legal wife renounced her faith," says the world. So the devil argues. But we come back "Why should he not have two wives?" said the to Christ. "He was in all points tempted like as mother, "any Persian is entitled to do so." But we are." That brings Him very near in times not any Persian; not a Persian who has become like this. It is true. "Sympathy," the same pasone of Christ's men. sion-for He was very human. The same pas- sion that swings and sways the life of every other Humanly speaking, all was lost. Evil seemed man, that passion Jesus in His humanity knew. to have triumphed over good, over God. The girl That is why I trust Him to help Mirza and that was in the power of the man who loved her and girl. That is why I think it is worth praying longed to have her as his wife. for them. That is why He "is able to succour them that are tempted." That is why "He ever Do you mothers, fathers know what sacrificial liveth to make intercession for us," and if that prayer is? Sacrifice? Well, it is just that. Be- is what Jesus lives for what do we live for? fore I left the town that woman missionary was in the hospital-broken. She had spent days and nights in prayer for the girl whom "(Satan de- There are no times in life when opportunity, the chance to be and to do, gathers so richly about the soul as when it has to suffer. Then everything depends upon whether the man looks to the lower or the higher helps. If he looks to God, the hour of suffering is the turning hour of life. PHILLIPS BROOKS.

A Moravian Missionary Bi~Centennial

By J. TAYLOR HAMILTON, D. D.

Bethlehem, Penn. Bishop 0/ the Moravian Church I N the providence of God the Moravian Church who had opened their lives to the influence of the will this summer round out two hundred Holy Spirit, in implicit reliance on the Bible. years of unbroken missionary activity among When, in the early dawn of an August day in heathen people. It is of God's grace, that the 1732, two young men, Leonard Dober and David preaching of her heralds has ever been and still Nitschmann, set out from Herrnhut, Saxony, remains Christo-centric. Him they have sought with the slaves of the island of St. Thomas -as and still seek to magnify; in His name there is their objective, they were bidden Godspeed by salvation but in no other name; His was the com- young Count Zinzendorf. More than any other plete atonement once and for all; lifted up on the man this young nobleman had been the human cross, He draws all men unto Him. Through their instrument in bringing about that revival amongst experience with many races, the Moravians can the people to whom he had given a refuge on his testify that the Bible is the book of all humanity estate, when they fled from religious tyranny. It -God's inspired revelation to man. was.a little village of some six hundred, mainly It need not surprise us that the story of the refugees for conscience sake, who formed their two hundred years is not one of unbroken and un- home base. But this little congregation had ex- interrupted advance. Ebb and flow are observ- perienced a baptism of the Spirit of God five years able in the history of the Church universal. .Sim- previously and its membership had been witness- ilar fluctuations are to be observed here. Here, ing widely in Christendom. Only such an experi- too, pulsations of inner life have left a record in ence could explain the cheerful spirit in which corresponding vigor of active missionary zeal, and the two pioneers made their way to Copenhagen, a relation may be traced between the decline of mainly on foot with only a couple of gold coins a spirit of revival and a lessening of aggressive between them, with no assurance of a passage witnessing together wit h concentration upon across the Atlantic and with no very clear idea placid cultivation of virtues at home, whilst the how they must make their living after reaching status quo in the foreign field was at best only St. Thomas. They did know that the Gospel of maintained. Christ is the power of God unto salvation; and Another parallel may be noted. Movements of they had confidence in the Good Shepherd whose world history have exerted an influence both in voice they knew they were following.

the life of the Church universal and in the con- This same revival spirit explains how within dition of Moravian missions. Every history of the ten following years Zinzendorf could despatch Christianity has to take into account the decay other Brethren to the Eskimos of Greenland, to of the Roman Empire and the deluge of barbar- wild tribes of Northern Russia, to the natives of ism, the military menace of Mohammedanism, the Gold Coast of Africa, to the Hottentots of the the reactionary naturalism of the Renaissance, Cape of Good Hope, to Negro slaves of Dutch and the self-sufficient agnosticism of the machine Guiana, to Arawak Indians of what is now Brit- age. Similarly, when the story of Moravian mis- ish Guiana, to Indian tribes of North America, sions is told, wars' destructiveness and their plac- and to the Singhalese in Asia. Before another ing impediments in the way of intercourse, as decade had passed other missionaries sought to well as their engendering mistrust and suspicion reach Kalmuck Tartars of Russia, attempted to and hates, also help to account for ebb tides in herald the Gospel in Persia, gained a footing on the enterprise of world evangelism. the mainland of India, perished when seeking to Like all effectual testimony Moravian missions found work in Labrador and contemplated a mis- were a fruit of personal experience of assurance sion to Abyssinia. Not all these undertakings at- of the grace of God, granted to faith. They were tained permanence, yet by 1747 converts had been the product of a deep religious revival among men won among eighteen different races. In some [269 ]

stroyed. Servile wars scattered the Arawak con- verts and occasioned the razing of mission sta- tions in the Guianas. War hampered communi- cations by sea and cut off missionaries from their base of supplies in men an~ means; and in great measure accounted for the abandonment of the at- tempt in India-that and the excessive mortality experienced there. During the Napoleonic wars the missionaries in Greenland were reduced to great straits; they had no bread and their cloth- ing gave out. For three years they could get no seeds to grow the crop of vegetables that gave some variety to their diet in times of peace. For a number of years flour was at an almost prohibi- tive price in Dutch Guiana.

Nevertheless in this very dark era the kind hand of God could often be discerned in the won- derful preservation of heralds who had been brought into perplexing positions. It was of His goodness that sympathy, called forth by these very experiences, on the part of Christian friends beyond the limits of the communion of the Breth- ren, in 1817 led them to found the London Asso- ciation in Aid of Moravian Missions, a society that still carries on its generous auxiliary activity.

The One Hundredth Anniversary The celebration of the one hundredth anni- cases hostile governments or governors interposed versary of the founding of Herrnhut in 1722 and a veto, or prejudiced religious leaders made such the recalling of God's wonderful dealings with the representations to officials of great trading com- fathers in 1727 prepared the home churches for a panies that held concessions in colonies, that the fresh experience of a season of refreshing from work was temporarily rendered impossible. In the presence of the Lord, that culminated in 1841 other instances the pioneers laid down their lives and the years immediately following. This in before organizing converts into a church. Some- turn bore fruit in missionary expansion and exem- plified the truth that the witness-spirit and suctimes war interfered with their work. In the decades following the death of Zinzen- cessful witnessing are closely connected with the dorf in 1760, and until the close of the Napoleonic revival-spirit, the two standing in the relation of wars, almost ceaseless strife in Europe and in cause and effect over against one another. various colonies partly accounted for a period of With the General Synod of 1848, the first of something like an ebb in Moravian missions. Yet these convocations after the full experience of the even in these years advances were attempted, new revival, began the modern advance of Morasuch as an entrance into Egypt with Abyssinia vian mISSlOns. That synod deliberated on ways as the objective, various undertakings in India and means for the more complete and effective and on the Nicobar Islands. Permanent success organization of existing fields and in particular attended the second landing in Labrador, contin- concerned itself with the problem of preparing uously occupied since 1770, and the Hottentot Mis- sons of certain of the newer churches to minister sion was re-established in 1792. Yet war ham- to their own people. It visioned the goal of ultipered. It accounted for very heavy financial mate financial self-dependence in these fields. But losses at the home base. It prevented the pass- it also determined that a favorable response age of missionaries to and from their posts. It should be given to several invitations to enter on led to and explained major reverses in the prom- new work. And the Church as a whole welcomed ising work among American Indians, notably the and became accustomed to the policy of expandestruction of the Christian Indian villages in sion.

Ohio and the massacre of the converts at Gnaden- As a result, in the rather more than eighty huetten. During the War of 1812 the Christian years since then new enterprises have been be- Indians of Fairfield, Ontario, saw their homes de- gun in Nicaragua, Western Tibet, Victoria, among

A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL

(LEFT) A GROUP OF BUSH NEGROES AT HOME IN SURINAM, (DUTCH GUIANA) SOUTH AMERICA (RIGHT) A SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS IN THE MORAVIAN MISSION AT LEH, LADAKH, LESSER TIBET A, W, HEYDE OF LEH (LEFT) AN OPEN AIR SCHOOL FOR EVANGELISTS OF THE MORAVIAN MISSION IN NICARAGUA CENTRAL AMERICA

the lepers of Palestine, in Demerara, in Alaska, in The World War most seriously affected Mora- California (Indians), in East Equatorial Africa, vian missions. Prior to it Herrnhut formed the in North Queensland, among the Asiatic contract missionary headquarters, with an international laborers imported into Dutch Guiana, and last of board, enjoying the hearty cooperation of auxilall, in 1930, among the Indians of the eastern iary boards in Britain and America. The war neregions of Honduras. With the best of intentions, cessitated financial decentralization, and for some however, for lack of men and means at least years communications were blocked. Administratwenty-five calls to enter upon other new work tion was also decentralized, and remains so. But have necessarily been declined during this period more than this, the financial support of the worldof advance. True, not all the fields actually en- wide undertakings was very seriously affected. tered were accepted as an objective beforehand; During the many years of missionary operations nor has every field been permanently held. When endowments had been built up, largely from legthe appeal of Gutslaff caused Pagell and Heyde to acies, for the pensioning of retired missionaries be sent from Herrnhut in 1853, it was in the hope and for the education of the children of missionthat the great Chinese Empire might be entered aries while active in the regions beyond, for the from the west via India, up the Indus valley and training of teachers and ministers in the lands across passes of the western ranges of the Hima- where new churches arose, the last mentioned enlayas. But, under orders from China proper, of- dowments being especially needed in view of the ficials blocked the way by a boycott that prohibit- type of peoples among whom the missionaries ed the supply of food. So the pioneers remained worked-peoples not blessed with money power. at Kyelang, many thousands of feet above sea level and commenced Christian work among the lama- Practically all the funds invested in Germany ridden Tibetan-speaking Buddhists. In 1848 a were swept away in the crash of Germany's finanmission was begun among the terribly backward cial system through the War and the subsequent black fellows of Victoria, Australia, and was at- period of inflation, and business undertakings in tended with success. But it proved to be a minis- Africa and South America also suffered most seritering beside the death-bed of a race. So their ous losses. A very heavy debt of honor now rests kinsfolk in North Queensland, reputed cannibals on the Moravian Church for the care of retired though they were, received the attention of Mora- missionary veterans and for the education of the vian missionaries, who were backed by the finan- children of those in the service. Indeed, the cial support and the practical sympathy of devot- American Province North in the United States is ed Presbyterians in Australia. Since the World so conscious of this, that it proposes to start build- War this last field has been wholly taken over by ing up a special fund as a chief feature of its bithe Presbyterian Church of Australia. centenary celebration, notwithstanding the pres- ent general depression. The Influence of War In spite of the seriousness of the present mis- During the past period of missionary advance, sionary situation and in spite of the causes for as in the former, war proved to be a mighty hin- anxiety the American Moravian Church perceives drance. The Kaffir mission in South Africa re- very much reason to thank God and take courage, peatedly experienced this in the first half of the as it proceeds to keep this significant anniversary. nineteenth century. During the American Civil God has done great things for us, whereof we are War the Cherokee Mission was so disrupted and glad. When Count Zinzendorf died in 1760, about received such blows, that it never really recov- fifty missionaries were at work and the baptized ered. The great World War involved the intern- membership in the mission fields has been estiment of German missionaries in India and in mated at that time as about 3,000. In 1848 the East Africa as prisoners of war, sometimes under total membership in those fields was about 64,000. terribly trying circumstances, they being separat- At the outbreak of the World War the total baped from wives and children, all being ultimately tized mission membership was 100,606. The latrepatriated. In East Africa it carried with it the est available statistics give a total of more than desolation of mission stations, involving heavy 135,400, served by 262 missionaries from the financial losses, at least temporarily put an end to home lands and 51 ministers and 16 assistant mineducational work in general and the training' of isters of the newer churches, with 408 of their native church workers in particular. In recent fellow-countrymen formally authorized to conduct years disturbances in Nicaragua have involved religious worshjp. In 240 mission day schools the martyrdom of a missionary and the temporary 40,806 children were being taught by 716 teachers. withdrawal from several important centers of ac- The ten advanced schools had 282 students in tivity, Indian converts taking refuge in the bush. charge of 32 teachers. Labrador, Alaska, Cali- fornia, the West Indies, Honduras, Nicaragua,

Demerara, Dutch Guiana, South Africa, East philus Solomon Schumann, the Apostle of the Equatorial Africa, the Western Himalayas and Arawaks in Berbice, who was permitted to bap- Jerusalem with its home for lepers, all of them tize more than four hundred Indians during his yet offer a scope for the zeal of the successors of comparatively brief day of work. Grunewald, Dober and Nitschmann. Sieboerger, and other missionaries in Nicaragua From the standpoint of missionary strategy gave the Miskito Indians the New Testament, realone the spending of energy among so many vari- vised by George R. Heath. A harmony of the ous backward peoples, in place of concentrating Gospels in Kaffir was the work of Moravian mis- on some one or two large nations that had de- sionaries, though the Kaffir Bible, printed in Lonveloped a native type of culture, may be open to don in 1879, was the work of Scotch missionaries. criticism as not being the best missionary policy. The New Testament, which in part or the whole But from the days of Count Zinzendorf, the Mo- has been done into four languages of what is now ravian Church has regarded it a duty to follow Tanganyika Territory, as well as hymnals and what seemed to be the call from our Saviour to manuals of doctrine came from the pens of misgo where great need existed among otherwise neg- sionaries of Herrnhut and of Berlin. Augustus lected people. Moravians have long been aware J aeschke, Heyde and Redslob and Augustus Her- that this entails special difficulty in bringing the mann Francke have as their common monument new churches to the stage of self-maintenance in the New Testament in the classical Tibetan, and men and means as a basis for further self-expan- Francke translated St. Mark's Gospel into four sion. Their first fruitage among the -ordained little known dialects of the Western Himalayan ministry of the newer churches was John Buckley, region. Space will not permit a recounting of ordained in Antiguae in 1856, when the abolition works prepared in connection with missionary unof slavery was of comparatively recent date. dertakings that failed of permanence. Schools for the training of native teachers had their start with the founding of the normal school It goes without saying that in the two centuries in Genadendal in Cape Colony by Bishop Hallbeck many Moravian missionaries have laid down their in 1838. lives for Christ's sake, some being lost at sea, many carried off by fevers, and some being On the other hand, the fact that -many of the martyred, like Carl Bregenzer recently at his early missionary undertakings were a m 0 n g post in Nicaragua. Yet God permitted many to slaves or among races that had felt the impact of give notably long years of service. The veteran Europeans simplified the linguistic approach. apostle of the Delawares, David Zeisberger, was Negroes cruelly torn from tribal homes in Africa active for sixty-two years. In the early period of acquired some use of their masters' speech; thus the Greenland Mission quite a number had more arose the "Negro-English" of the American trop- than forty years to their credit and Jacob Beck ics. This rendered the translation of the Scrip- was at work there for fifty-four years. In modern tures and of hymns a comparatively easy task. times Augustus William Heyde retired from the Similarly in South Africa the Hottentots substi- Tibetan mission in 1903, after more than fifty tuted the Dutch of the Cape for their own tongue. years in the field, and Frederick Augustus Hagen- But in many cases Moravian missionaries had to auer, who retired in 1907, gave more than fifty do linguistic work of a high order as pioneers in years to the black fellows of Victoria. Clement the opening up of strange languages or even in Oehler served at home in America and in the the reduction of these to writing. Moravian mis- West Indies and, though in retirement, is still sionary literature embraces 718 works in 17 lan- active after more than fifty years of service; and guages or groups of languages. The Bible or sep- Frank Wilde in J amacia, though technically rearate books of the Bible will account for 185 tired, does the full work of a missionary and may, works. John Beck and John Conrad Kleinschmidt please God, soon round out the half-century, while and Samuel Kleinschmidt are names that stand a number of others, like William Weinland, first a out in connection with the translation of the Scrip- pioneer in Alaska and then in Southern California tures into the Eskimo of Greenland. A. Erdmann among the Indians, and several in the West Inand Theodore Bourquin and Albert Martin are dian work, like Augustus B. Romig, and Bishop remembered in connection w.ith Labrador. Edwin C. Greider, went on well towards that mark.

"The Lord hath done great things for us, where- Various missionaries have done like work in of we are glad." Our special yearning at this connection with parts of the New Testament for time is for a season of refreshing from the pres- Alaska. In his more than sixty years of active ence of the Lord, that a renewal of our days may service among the various clans of the Delawares be brought about, with the coming of power from ::md the Six Nations, David Zeisberger was in- above, for more implicit obedience to the call and defatigable in literary work, and so was Theo- ~ more efficient consecration.

The Princeton Declaration on the Church and Missions A group of leaders, deeply interested in the development of greater missionary interest in the home church, and larger spiritual fruitage in the work abroad, met in Princeton on April 12th. There were present missionaries, pastors, laymen, seminary professors and board secretaries. These did not officially represent any organizations but met informally for con- ference and prayer. After careful consideration of the present crisis, through which many boards are passing, the following statement was adopted.

In the next issue of THE REVIEW we expect to publish extended comments on this State- ment, especially as it relates to the causes of apparent decline in missionary interest in the home churches and the supreme need of the hour. The Princeton Statement is signed, in be- half of the group, by a special committee consisting of Dr. Robert E. Spear of the Presbyte- rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. C. S. Cleland of the United Presbyterian Church and Dr. T. H. Mackenzie of the Reformed Church in America. It is as follows: In response to the call of the Committee of Foreign Missions of the Western Section of the Alliance of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, a group of members and officers of the foreign missionary agencies of some of these churches (the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., the Presbyterian Church in the U. S., the United Presbyterian Church and the Re- formed Church in America) met in Princeton on April 12, 1932, and after a day of prayer and conference and discussion voted to record: 1. Their gratitude to God for the measure in which, in spite of difficulties and finan- cial depression, their churches have been enabled to maintain their foreign missionary work; 2. Their assurance that by the blessing of God these churches will in due time restore and enlarge their work abroad and will go forward to the full accomplishment of their duty in association with the national Christian churches which have been established and with which it is their joy to cooperate; 3. Their unfaltering confidence in the true basis of missions; in the great acts of God for the redemption of mankind, and in particular in the historic fact and the univ~rsal meaning of God's deed in sending His only begotten Son to be our Saviour, and in His incarnation, His life and teaching, His death on the Cross for the redemption of the world, and His resurrec- tion as the beginning of a new God-given life for redeemed humanity; 4. Their conviction that the uniqueness and universality and absolute significance of Christ and His Gospel must be unswervingly maintained by our churches against all move- ments of syncretism or adjustment which compromise or imperil belief in the aloneness of our Lord Jesus Christ and the unique indispensableness of His Gospel, and that nowhere save in this truth of Christ and about Christ is there any hope for the love and righteousness and power of redeemed human lives and a redeemed human society; 5. Their joy in all the movements of change, or turning and over-turning, in the atti- tudes and conceptions of men's minds, in missionary methods and processes, in political and economic conditions, in the Church and in the world, which serve to lead men to Christ as the only Lord and Saviour, and to bring Christ to His rightful place as the only Lord and Mas- ter of mankind.

6. Their abiding faith in the Church as the enduring agency of the Gospel and their re- liance on the Holy Spirit as the sole source of its power.

7. Their deep sense of the need of prayer and their hope that all to whom God has entrusted leadership in the missionary enterprise should realize that prayer is their most important work; that prayer should be the atmosphere and spirit of our mission board of- fices, and that in missionary cultivation throughout the churches primary emphasis should be laid upon the development and strengthening of prayer groups and upon individual interces- sion.

Foreign Missions Cost Too Mu.ch'?

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D.

..:( New York j:..

Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Executive Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

A COMMON objection to current foreign mis- (a) Administrative costs may be carried in £".. sionary work is that its administrative small items at many local points. Pastors, church costs are too high. Most of its critics officers, women, committees of higher church have passed the point where men scoffed at bodies could and do carry many such items of "spending ninety cents of each dollar to get the service. Few can give full time to them; they other ten cents to the mission field." That was are compelled to slip the added expense of time never true, unless possibly in some irresponsible and money into busy lives otherwise supported.

organizations. The larger Mission Boards and Independent or voluntary agencies for mission- Committees have never de- ary work sometimes announce served such unfounded criti- that there are no costs for ad- cism. Does it "cost a dollar to send ministration and that all con- But there is a more rational a dollar" for missionary work tributions go direct to the field. This really means that some criticism of "too large an in foreign lands? If not, men give their money entirely overhead" expense. It is diffi- how much does it· cost and cult, however, to tell exactly w,hat is rightly chargeable to or largely to support the home where "overhead" ends and missionary administrations? end of the enterprise, paying the actual work begins. Busi- Why is it necessary to have the cost of securing and admin- expensive headquarters and ness organizations exist for the to employ so many salaried istering the money to support purpose of making money and officers and clerks? Dr. Mc- the work at the foreign end. they count it wise to spend Afee, who has wide experience Somebody must pay the necesmoney in order to get money. in the pastorate, in the theo- sary costs of administration Missionary agencies exist for logical seminary, in mission- and promotion. If a volunteer the purpose of extending the ary travel and in Mission worker can use time otherwise Kingdom of God by the wise Board Executive work, an- requited or living otherwise spending of money, not to make swers these questions clearly. provided, he must not theremoney. They are compelled to Most criticism comes from ig- fore have the impression that spend money in order to raise norance rather than from this obviates administrative money, and it is difficult to cost. Every Mission Board reknow where the line should be knowledge of the facts. ceives a large amount of volun- drawn in "overhead" costs. tary service for which it makes Still it remains true that all no payment in money, but as observers of missionary agencies should be the work grows it requires more complete atten- concerned lest the administration of the work con- tion than can be given by the odds and ends of sumeS too much of the available funds. Adminis- time and strength of busy people. The problem is trative staffs may become too large, administrative to determine when that time comes and then to salaries may be too high, administrative programs prevent the work of salaried people from cutting may become too heavy and expensive, administra- off the service of volunteers. Much of the work of tive methods may become too intricate. the Boards is really the business of people in the Most Mission Board officers and members con- home church, pastors, officers and others. Com- sider that the costs are higher than they wish, but mittees of church members and officers might do they mean that they are more centralized than most of the promoting and collecting, the spread- they ought to be. A large work cannot be car- ing of information, the maintaining of inspira- ried on effectively without expense and consider- tion, and the like. It is exactly this that causes able expense. This expense may be distributed at most of the overhead cost in the missionary en- three points. terprise. Churches which have retained this local [275 ]

activity have low "overhead" in their Boards. In necessities. Christians live in their Father's churches whose salaried workers have taken over world and He cannot mean them to live in a nigthis responsibility, relieving local leaders of the gardly fashion. Missionary homes steadily imburden, the "overhead" is high. Much work must prove as the pioneer stage passes; facilities for be done to maintain the interest of the home travel increase and the allowances for various inchurch and to increase its gifts. If this were terests, and more elaborate equipment, all call for done by local leaders, it would distribute the load more and more money. How much of this is unof missionary costs in such small amounts that it necessary "overhead" and how much is to be would not be oppressive anywhere. The irony of charged to direct missionary work? Clearly the it is that local leaders who fail to do this often money is not wasted, for it puts better facilities resent the activity of their central Boards and at the disposal of the most carefully selected group Committees in trying to make up for such failure. of workers now in the service of the Church. It would be a counsel of perfection to suggest Thoughtful missionaries everywhere are setting that all of this work might be cared for by local themselves to watch the whole outlay with care leaders, for the central agencies have access to and to guard against scaling the work at too high knowledge and inspiration which local leaders expense. cannot secure directly; it is wholly possible, however, that much has been undertaken by central The Home Office agencies which really belongs to local workers whose service would greatly enrich the whole en- (c) There remains that administration which terprise. is generally the one in mind when "overhead" and missionary costs are questioned-namely, the Field Administration Expense home Boards and central agencies. These have their headquarters either in a rented place or (b) Part of the administrative costs are on the owned building, or possibly in the back parlor of field. As missionary work grows larger it proves a kindly person who does the work at night, or necessary to have certain unifying organizations in a minister's study where the pastor gives of his and agencies which lift the load from the mission- own time or that of the church. At the long last aries in their distinctive tasks. It is a waste of all this has to be paid for. There are secretaries, time for the average missionary to be treasurer treasurers, clerks, messengers, speakers, departof a large mission. It requires bookkeeping, ments increasing in number and size as the work reckoning in local currencies, watchfulness that grows. This third administrative force is the benevolent gifts are rightly applied-a skill and most obvious one and its costs are most easily time which the average missionary does not have. calculated, but it is only one of the three. As This involves a mission treasurer, who will give either of the other unloads responsibility, the cenmore and more time to the work as the mission tral agency has to take it up. And this explains develops. Field problems arise also, and it be- much of its cost. What local leaders do not carry comes necessary to set apart capable men for ad- must still be done. Each denomination or church ministrative work, to go on short notice to a place body has laid on its Mission Board the duty of of complication or danger, to give advice where maintaining the work, so that any reduction of difficult situations arise, to determine policies, to local leadership shifts the work increasingly upon hold the work in balance. All the larger Boards the Board. This centers the costs at one point, try to increase the administrative work on the sometimes making them seem unduly high. The field and to reduce it at the home end. More ques- same amount, spread over the local leadership, tions are settled on the field and fewer are re- would be counted reasonable. served for home offices. This is administration as truly as though it occurred in New York or In the same way, until decisions are made on London, but because it is on the field it is not the field, they must be made in home offices and usually reckoned as "overhead." they are safe only if there are consultations by several minds. Many decisions so involve But even here there is reason to be watchful. the home church that they cannot be made on the The entire missionary enterprise can easily be field. It is necessary to have a home office, sensiscaled on too high a standard of expenditure, tive to what the home church may be expected to though this is seldom a fault. Many missionaries provide in men and money and prayer. This inlive too simply and rigidly for their bodily endur- volves a staff of varying size according to the deance. A few have independent means or are velopment of the work. A Board with an annual aided by friends. Most people in civilized lands turn-over of four million dollars cannot handle are now living beyond the point of real need and the money carelessly or without consideration; it have made of their fathers' luxuries their own cannot wisely leave decisions to hasty thinking by

DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH?

those who can give the work only the leavings of ference workers for six days and preachers or their time and strength. Capable workers must speakers on the Sabbath, often with wearisome be employed and their salaries must be provided. travel added. Those who have independent incomes, as some have, can carryall or part of their living costs Other central costs of administration are those themselves. If not, they must be cared for out of receiving, caring for and transmitting funds of available funds. If special funds could be se- according to the will of donors; providing and iscured for salaries and other expenses, so that mis- suing promotive literature; guiding local leaders sionary gifts shall not be used for this purpose, on points which are better known to the central this merely would mean that a few individuals agency because of its contact with the field; seshall be asked to pay for the transmission and curing and caring for candidates; furnishing itinsafeguarding of the gifts of others. Good judg- erant speakers; meeting and speeding furloughed ment would suggest instead that all gifts pay and returning missionaries; purchasing supplies their own way. This demands that costs shall be ordered from the field both for general and perkept at the lowest point consistent with good ad- sonal use; caring for medical requirements of ministration. candidates and furloughed missionaries, maintain- ing inter-church and inter-board relationships for As a matter of fact most missionary agencies the prevention of duplication and confusion on the move on a much lower financial scale than the field and at home; keeping accurate and helpful lichurches which they represent, they provide lower braries and files-in short, standing helpfully besalaries than pastors of comparable standing in tween the home church and the field force, servthe church. Indeed, it is often difficult to secure ing both. the services of men who are wanted on board staffs because they do not think they can afford to All this involves financial outlay, and without accept the financial provision offered. The offices constant care the costs creep up. But there is of many boards are far less adequately equipped much less ground for criticism of these agencies than the studies of pastors in the same cities; the than the critics generally think. In proportion to demands on board workers are apt to be on the the work required, they are on a scale quite as seven-day week scale, for they are office and con- modest as other church agencies, and on a far more modest scale than business enterprises of the same dimensions.

"Nights With God" In Auckland By the REV. A. S. WILSON, J!: ..

Christchurch, South Island, N. Z.

H ARRY DAWSON was an Australian busi- date arrived the same state of affairs was appar- ness man who represented a commercial ent. We finally decided to start "after Easter!" house in New Zealand. Since the pastor of the Grange Road Presbyterian Church in On Good Friday the workers made a house to Auckland was to be away, Mr. Dawson was asked house canvass to invite people to the meetings, to supply the pulpit one Sunday in January. He and many came back telling of the exquisite joy readily agreed to take the services for two Sun- of soul winning. A prolonged prayer meeting days, if the pastor wished it, and two nights a was held that night. week in addition. He had done a considerable amount of evangelistic work and offered to hold a In the quiet of eventide two young fellows, apshort series of mission services. January is a pealed to in the visitation, came seeking Jesus holiday month for New Zealanders and when the Christ. This so delighted the young workers that time came the church seemed unable to throw off they went out to look for others and held a prayer the holiday spirit. The officers agreed to postpone meeting on the footpath. The glow of the Spirthe series of special services, but when the next it's power was present. About midnight nearly everyone went home, but seven remained to spend the night in earnest prayer for the district

of Mt. Eden, for the city of Auckland, and for As a result of months of such a weekly rendezthe services. vous there arose the Prayer and Revival Cam- paign which aimed to help all the churches in Evangelistic meetings were held each night and their work. From this center various united another all night of prayer was announced. This evangelistic campaigns have sprung up and have time twenty-six attended and four were brought produced great results for the glory of God. in from the streets. Mt. Eden is a no-license district so that these wayfarers were quite sober. Dr. W. H. Pettit journeyed to Grange Road Three came out for Christ that night and joined early in the series to verify the reports of the the band of praying ones. Among this group happenings. So convinced was he that this was was a bright, educated young fellow, leader of the a work of the Holy Spirit that he addressed a big Christian Endeavor Society at the Tabernacle meeting of "Brethren" from various parts of the built by Thomas Spurgeon (son of C. H. Spur- city about the fruits of the meetings. They were geon) and now ministered to by the Rev. Joseph so moved that they arranged a series of special W. Kemp. Over seventy people came to the next prayer times all over the city. The wife of an night of prayer and the same glow and power was Anglican clergyman declared that she had never present. Every night the ordinary meetings went known such ease in approaching people about the on; in fact, they lasted for seven weeks. On Fri- things of God. The general manager of one of day evening they filled the body of the church and the largest business houses in the city said that many remained all night. On the fourth "all in all his years in Auckland no such spiritual atnight" meeting one hundred and forty stayed mosphere had been abroad. The Secretary of a until about 6 :30 a. m., and even then it was diffi- large New Zealand enterprise, who had not been cult to close. People in the city began to take near a revival meeting, became acutely conscious notice; these meetings became a topic of conver- of unhappy estrangement from God. He sought sation on trams and buses. Some were awed; a prominent Christian business man and yielded some treated it with scorn and ridicule. The himself to God. "nights with God" each Friday continued, the numbers soaring until some 250 were present. Many heard the word: "If I regard iniquity in From eight o'clock until midnight the meeting my heart the Lord will not hear me," and they was general with one or two addresses. Among stepped out to surrender for sanctification by the speakers were Rev. E. R. Harries, Chairman faith and for the fullness of the Spirit. No one of the Cambridge Convention; Mr. Chas. J. Rolls criticized or wondered for everyone seemed in and the Rev. Joseph W. Kemp of the New Zealand sympathy. Like Archbishop Leighton, they were Bible Training Institute; the Rev. John Laird, "driven from natural independency to make M. A., a Baptist; the Rev. R. C. Roberts, B. A., Christ all their strength." As Dr. Robert Dale B. D., President of Auckland Ministers Associa- said of some at D. L. Moody's gatherings in Bingtion; Dr. W. H. Pettit, the Rev. F. H. Radford, ley Hall, they came "anxious, restless, feeling Harry Dawson and the Rev. A. S. Wilson. after God in the darkness" and before our eyes their faces were filled with light. People came in goodly numbers. Grange Road is one of the oldest churches in Auckland, having The sense of unity in these gatherings was the been built by Bishop Selwyn in 1865. A quarter unity of the Spirit. A company of ministers of a century ago it was purchased by the Baptists were discussing the "all nights" sympathetically and has become a sacred, holy place to many. and with wonder. One of the oldest said: "What Passersby were amazed to see the old property has struck me is that at four in the morning the ablaze with light at one o'clock in the morning Anglican at one end, the Plymouth Brother at the and a score of cars standing in front. Songs of other, and all the denominations between, strike praise were led by the pipe organ and the over- the same note." Glory to Jesus Christ, the wonflow of joy was very reverent. At midnight the derful Saviour! worshipers passed to the Social Hall singing "We're Marching to Zion." There the atmos- We are reminded of the words of Bishop phere became like heaven upon earth. There was Moule: "The secret of continuance is taking earnest crying to God that He would look upon pains to keep up intercourse with God." The Auckland as Christ looked upon· Jerusalem. For- "all nights" remind us of the intercessions of eign lands were also remembered and God heard, Jesus when not by streams of penitents, but by reviving His own people and leading them to engage in per- Cold mountains and the midnight air sonal soul winning.- Witnessed the fervour of His prayer.

THE SON OF KING MSIDI, WITH HIS HEADMEN AND MUSICIANS, READY FOR A

"In the Reign of King Msidi"

What the Missionaries Faced in Africa Forty Years Ago By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Central Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE sun shone brightly on the capital of Few doubted the guilt of the queen and her Msidi at Bunkeya, the Congo, in the heart older son, Mungo. All the other five hundred of Africa. The city was washed clean by wives of Msidi were sure of it, and the young the torrential rain of the preceding night. But wife, Tava, hated Mataya with venomous jealthe great capital was wholly unmindful of the sun ousy and longed- with all her savage heart to see or of the rain-washed town. If anyone gave a Mataya stoned and her body pulled limb from thought to the rain, it was to trust that it would limb. Then she, the beautiful Tava, would be ingive a good crop of corn, or mealies (mataba). stalled as queen. She stood among the other women, silent, scornful, hated by them as much as For the entire village was concerned with one she hated Mataya. It was a town where hate thought, "Would Queen Mataya be proved guilty reigned supreme. of witchcraft and of causing the death of her younger son, Muti, who had been killed in This was in December, 1887. Msidi, the king, battle?" sat on a low stool under his verandah. He was a [ 279]

man of about 60, stout but vigorous, with power- of things. The sorcerers were brilliantly and ful, sinewy muscles. His round, almost childlike fearsomely painted, bedecked with feathers and face, utterly belied his character. A short, snowy with fantastic apparel and headgear. They were beard covered his chin. He was king by right of watching the bones while the king was watching prowess and unrelaxing tyranny over the whole the diviners. country. His name carried terror throughout Central Africa. Msidi had his share of superstition but he also had knowledge of the methods o{ the ngangas. King Msidi's eyes took in the whole scene with- They were clever politicians and tricksters. They out seeming to see anything. He saw Mataya, would bear watching, especially the wily Tombo. now middle-aged, beginning to grow fat like him- Msidi knew that Tombo had good reason to hate self. She was sitting on the ground near her elder Mataya, for she had once reported his plots to son and favorite. The king did not like this son, Msidi in time to frustrate them. Tombo had laid in wait to get his revenge. LUBA WITCH DOCTORS WITH THEIR IMPLEMENTS OF TRADE Molenga, Msidi's brother, had been the one sent nor did he trust him; but always preferred Muti. to fight the rebel villagers and Muti had been sent Perhaps Mungo had killed Muti to get him out of with him. Molenga now sat at one side with a the way. "Yes," thought Msidi, "and he might do hundred or more of his warriors around him. He the same to me if he got the chance. Well, the might need them. One never knew. If worst chance had not come yet." came to worst he would die fighting and not like a dog. His lips tightened and he ground his From the corner of his eye he caught a glimpse teeth. of Tava's face. A beauty! As beautiful as a diamond-backed puff-adder and just as trust- Molenga was also superstitious, and he was likeworthy! She was ready to strike now with her wise shrewd. He and Tombo had been together deadly fangs. Today it was Mataya and her son. from youth; they had wrestled and fought to- Tomorrow she would strike the king, if she gether and had engaged in games of skill. They thought her would-be paramour, Tombo, could get had also experimented at witchcraft and knew the throne. Tava would bear watching. something of these clever sleight-of-hand per- formances. He knew Tombo's ambition; he would In the open space in front of Msidi sat the get rid of Mataya and Mungo; then he, Molenga, clever Tombo and his group of ngangas (witch would be next and the final blow would be aimed doctors) divining with bones, stones, toe-nails, at Msidi. bits of leaves, bark, elephants' tails and all sorts Molenga mentally decided that Tava, that slim beauty with the eyes and heart of a cobra, would also bear watching.

Tombo rose to his feet like a man in a trance. The bones had spoken and as chief nganga he must give their message. He began to sing in a dreary wail and to sway from side to side, holding the onlookers spellbound. He reminded Msidi of a snake about to strike.

"Muti come to the hut of Mataya," he chanted in high falsetto. "He want gun; he with Molenga go fight. Mungo say, 'Why you go? Msidi no love you; chief he no love me. Why must we fight his battles?' "

A murmur like distant thunder greeted these words, for the mob felt that Mungo was as good as dead already. How their fingers itched to get at him! The witch-doctor continued: "Mataya now say to Mungo, 'Unfwa, listen! Give him gun. What matter if he be killed! It is not the king who will mourn him. Let him go and die.' "

That seemed to settle Mataya's doom. "This is the word of the spirits," wailed Tombo, "this is the word of Tombo and the ngangas who divine the things of darkness. This is the word

"IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI"

of Muti who speaks by the divining. Tombo give two prisoners. His heart was sick with the con- Muti charms. No bullet can hit Muti when he stant witchcraft, bloodshed and violence. wears the charms. Muti sleep; in the darkness the evil spirit of Mungo come out of his body and It took extraordinary faith and grit for Fred go to Muti. His spirit take away the charms and Arnot to spend five of youth's best years in getgo back the same night to Mungo's own body. The ting to this capital of Msidi. It took courage to next morning Muti go to battle without charms. keep on going toward the city when he was told The bullet come; it pierce the body of Muti; he that Msidi had vowed to place the head of the die. He know then that his mother, Mataya, and first white who should enter on a long, sharp stick his brother, Mungo, they make him die." in the center of the capitaL In another minute the savage mob would dash A KATANGA WITCH DOCTOR IN FULL DRESS the two victims to death, tearing them apart. The people insanely thirsted for blood. Yet not one But Fred Arnot never wavered. He spoke to of them dared to lift a finger until the king spoke. God about it and then went calmly forward. His For a few seconds King Msidi was silent, but he head was still on his own shoulders, and he was dared not keep the mob waiting long. now expecting the arrival of two other white men -Swan and Faulkner. Then he could leave for Once he loved Mataya. She has been true to Scotland, recuperate after five years of extreme him. Tava could rouse his passion, but he could hardship and return with reinforcements. never trust her. Still he must not lose his hold on this herd of dogs. Hyenas! How he hated them! As soon as Msidi received the news of the com- No one had any clue to the thoughts behind the ing white men he saw a way whereby he could king's masked'face. At last he spoke: save his face and his wife and son also. With his usual dignity, he rose to his feet and said in a "The spirits say that Mataya and her son are clear, loud voice, "I must haste to send messenguilty of the death of Muti. I, Msidi, will see gers to meet the white man. You are dismissed. that my son is shot dead. I will hold Mataya that The white man shall not find blood when he comes. she may see it done. I will attend to her later. This is my son; this is my wife. Let no one touch them. I am Msidi, and I will do the execution."

It was a daring thing even for the powerful tyrant; but he liked to do daring things. He loved to do the unexpected and to show his power. Whether he could have curbed the madness of the superstitious crowd would have been hard to say. But at that very moment a runner pushed his way through the crowd and, throwing himself at Msidi's feet, rubbed white clay on his face and chest and shoulder to show that he had a white heart. Then he sat back on his heels and clapped his hands three times.

"Mutende (peace) ," said the chief. "Speak r What news?"

"I come from the Abalungu, white men. Two suns ago one he sleep at Molenga. The other, he sick; come polipoli (slowly). The mulungu is on the path now and arrives today. I come to tell his message."

Tava veiled the passionate hatred in her black eyes and Mataya hid her sudden joy and relief behind her lids. As for the volatile crowd, it now forgot all about the two victims in the excitement of a white man arriving, for in those days white men were scarce in Central Africa.

Only one white man had so far dared venture into Msidi's kingdom. The missionary, Fred Arnot, had come and at this moment was standing on his little verandah on the hill overlooking the town and wondering what would be the fate of the

I give Mataya my pardon. My son must go to a hideous, wanton, callous cruelty which the young far country. I will not have him here. I have missionary could never forget.

spoken." On another occasion, when young Swan re- That same day Msidi received Mr. Charles A. turned from hunting to supply his need for meat, Swan, as he had received Mr. Arnot. He was as he entered the town, he saw two of the king's even more cordial, and much to the embarrass- soldiers rush out upon two women and run them ment of the young man Msidi sent him a present through with their long spears, and drag the of fifty wives, each one loaded with grain. It hearts from the victims before their bodies fell to was a ticklish situation, for there was reason to the ground.

fear that, if the women went back discarded, they He went to the chief and denounced the men would all be put to death. Mr. Swan managed who had committed the brutal outrage, but Msidi to refuse them in a way not to offend Msidi, and looked at him with a slight twinkle of amusement the women were taken back into the king's harem. and, speaking as to a fractious child, said, sooth- ingly, "There! there! Swana, why make such a Later, when he was better acquainted with fuss! They were only women!" Msidi, Mr. Swan said to him, "Msidi, how many wives do you have?" One day the chief sent for him to come and greet his favorite wife, Chitompe, who had just The king gave him a sly wink and said, "Did come back from a war expedition. "On reaching you ever try to count the raindrops as they fall '! the king's place," said Swan, "we saw the King Neither can I count my wives. Perhaps there are coming out with a head-dress of parrots' tail five hundred. But I will let you have half of feathers; his body and his arms were covered them." Msidi had a sense of humor. with cloth of gaudy colors, and his face whitened with pipe clay (sign of a white heart). The king was proud of having a white man in his capital. He was shrewd enough to realize that "Then came Chitompe, borne on her litter, he could not always keep out the white men, and dressed in a similar manner. The warriors folit would be well to have a missionary at court as lowed, walking slowly and singing their war a friend, or, perhaps, as a buffer. chant, while the skulls of their victims were car- ried either in their hands or dangling from their He often classed himself with the white men waists; one even had a skull hanging from his and would say to his subjects: "We are not dogs teeth. They began a monotonous dance amidst like you Bantu."

But he never quite understood the white man's the firing of guns, and then in an orderly manner, morals and tried to develop in him a more Spar- one by one, brandishing their spears, they laid tan character. He called Swan, "Swana," and the skulls at the feet of the king."

one day said, "Swana, there is to be a fine, official, Msidi was kind to his "Swana," but it was formal execution of prisoners, and I want you to hopeless to try to turn him from his evil ways. come and see it." At times he was like a kindly old Grandfather This was equivalent to a command and, though Jekyll, and then suddenly he would become a Mr.

the white man did not relish attending, he decided Hyde. Frequently he would arise from a night's that he could not avoid it. Both Arnot and Swan sleep or debauchery in one of his worst moods and were fearless hunters for game, but neither could would snarl, "M-m-m! Something's wrong. I feel countenance cruelties. Hoping that the execution it in my bones. It will not be right till I smell would have some semblance of dignity, Mr. Swan blood." Then he would give orders to have some met the chief and they went to the place of execu- poor wretch brought to his house and killed be- tion. Then he realized that the affair was consid- fore his eyes. "Swana" would try to reason with ered in the light of a fine sport. The poor him, but when in his better moods the king would wretches were trussed firmly and placed on their say patronizingly, "Ta, ta! Swana. You don't knees at regular intervals in a long row. Opposite know these dogs. I do. I know how to deal with each prisoner was an executioner-great, brawny them. This is the only way to keep them in savages, each with a long knife or cutlass in his hand."

hand. When all was ready, Msidi gave the signal, "They were a wild, savage lot," said Mr. Swan and the executioners all started at full speed. On forty years later; slaves which he had captured reaching the victim, each struck a tremendous for the most part, and, while fear made them blow just over the left shoulder blade, and, if the obey, they hated him and he knew that many were blow was a success, he reached in and pulled out ready to kill him at the first opportunity.

the heart with a jerk. The one who did this first Eventually the thing which Msidi most feared was the winner and tossed the still palpitating came to pass. The Belgian officials arrived to es- heart back and forth among his fellows. It was tablish their government in the country. The

chief called "Swana" and told him to drive the to go to the sea without expense." He bade Msidi white men away. But Mr. Swan told the chief farewell, never to see him again.

of the pact made in Europe and that it was not The discovery of copper took Msidi into the possible to send them away. Captain Marinel copper country where he was warmly welcomed asked the young English missionary to act as in- by the chief, Katanga. Copper has been the terpreter, and he agreed on condition that there means of opening up all Central Africa and has should be no fighting started by the white men. resulted in the establishment of two large mining At the close of the interview the chief ordered centers-Elisabethvil1e and Panda-Likasi (now his men to clean out some large huts which were renamed J adotvi11e) . The latter is only sixty kilbeing occupied by his wives in the center of the ometers from Bunkeya, where Msidi's son, Mwentown, and these were turned over to Captain Mar- da, now lives. Motor roads lead from the capital inel and his men. to the railroad which intersects the whole conti- An hour or so later, while Mr. Swan was stand- nent from Lobito Bay on the west to Beira on the ing on the outskirts of the capital, chatting with east. the white men whose loads were being carried into the huts now ready for them, it seemed as Forty years passed before Mr. Swan saw Bun- 'if a gatling gun had suddenly gone mad. Bullets keya and the Katanga again. As he entered the flew in every direction, followed by shrieks of the wounded and terror-stricken inhabitant&. Before they could recover from their surprise, there came a tremendous explosion, and soon the grass roofs burst into flame. It seemed as if the entire town would be burned.

In the haste to carry out the chief's orders, the floors of the huts had been hastily swept, and the cooking fire, which is always in the center of a hut on the dirt floor, was not carefully cleared away.

The porters brought in their loads, and dumped them down carelessly, glad to return to their own country near Bihe. Many of the loads containing ammunition were dumped on the hot fireplaces where a few live coals still remained. The cartridges soon voiced their resentment and bedlam ensued. Msidi seemed quite indifferent to the loss of the huts or of the fifty or more people who were killed and wounded. Mr. Swan suspected he was glad so much ammunition was destroyed.

Captain Marinel suggested that Mr. Swan ac- LUBA. QUEEN AT KABONGO company him to Lusambo as interpreter and that (Note the Egyptian type af face) he then go down the river to Boma and to Eng- capital a host of neatly dressed Christians came land for a much-needed holiday. When he told out to meet him, singing hymns of praise and the chief that he was leaving, Msidi showed fear thanksgiving to God. It was an overwhelming for the 1irst time. "Don't go, 'Swana'," he begged sight for the man who had lived four years in with foreboding. "If you go the white man will those early days amid cruelty and bloodshed. kill me." But Arnot had already returned to Africa with a party of missionaries, and Dan Craw- "No one dared to accept Christ in those days," ford and a companion would likely reach Msidi's he said. "He would have been killed instantly town any day. had such a thing been known. The only man I ever knew to be converted in my time fled to a "It will depend on you," he told Msidi, "whether distant tribe where hE:' won many to Christ before or not you are killed. I have tried to be a true he dared return after the death of Msidi. . friend, but this wholesale murder cannot go on As soon as Msidi was ki11ed, the people scattered, forever. You would not believe me, and now you for most of them were captives and slaves. have begun to distrust my friendship. I can do no more, and other friends are near at hand. I "What changes we see today! They are inam worn down with hardship and fever, and have credible. Think of a beautiful church in Elisano money to travel, but this offer will enable me bethville and Christian natives to fill it! It is nothing short of a miracle."

Gandhi or Christ In

By C. L. SURY, B. A., LL. B. Lahore, India M AHATMA GANDHI'S pronouncement on tians showed their willingness to forego rights on the place of the Christian missionary en- the basis of communalism, so that the Christian terprise in the national regime for community was the only minor group to take a which he is working has caused a certain amount patriotic stand in the fundamental problem of miof concern amongst the serious-minded Chris- norities. Christian patriotism is rewarded with tians. It brings to the front a very important an injunction forbidding us share our spiritual aspect of religious liberty in India. The issue is experience with others. all the more grave because the Indian Nationalist leader, in spite of the professed largeness of his Mahatma Gandhi's conception of religious truth soul, has singled out one minor community-the is evident when he says that one religion is as Christians-to be the target of his observations good as another and that India does not need regarding what he calls "proselytizing." spiritual light from abroad. Truth is universal and is therefore incapable of being regarded the Mr. Gandhi's own co-religionist, Mr. Rama- property of anyone race or nation. But one peonand Chatterji, President of the last conference ple may have a much clearer view of truth than of the Hindu Maha Sabha in Karachi, declared another. that "the Hindus should be conceded their rights of proselytizing." That statement evidently has Dr. Wendell Thomas, who has made an exgone unchallenged by the Hindu Mahatma. No haustive study of the Hindu movements in the member of the National Congress has thought it United States of America, clearly shows in his fit to comment on the declaration of the President book "Hinduism Invades America" that none of of Maha Sabha. those movements could have made any progress if the Hindu missionaries had not been supported The Mahatma apparently is afraid to touch the by American admirers. Maulvi Sadar-ud-Din of major minority group, the Mohammedans, for he Sialkot, who, until his return to India, was the desires to cultivate a sort of peace mentality. Imam of Woking Mosque in London, has a ro- Anyone acquainted with the missionary work mantic tale to tell of the Ahamadiya Mission in which is being energetically carried on by the England. Ahamadiyas of Lahore and Qadian, can foresee the communal opposition which would follow if Dr. E. Stanley Jones, one of the most precious Moslems were denied the right to propagate their gifts of America to India, once illustrated the faith among others and to make converts to Islam. spirit of tolerance by quoting Voltaire, who said, The right to win converts is an important element "I disagree with everything you say, and yet I of both the Mohammedan and Christian religions. would fight to the death for your right to say it." On this, in the last analysis, will hang the satisfac·· As a follower of Jesus Christ, my Master in a tory solution of the communal problems in India. democratic form of government, I have a right to say that without personal regeneration through Indian Christians make suitable material for faith in Christ no one can have a clear concepa stable and constitutional government. This tion of political freedom. Mahatma Gandhi has fact, stated by the Bishop of Portsmouth, is sub- a right to accept the Sermon on the Mount as stantiated in times of political crises. At the truth, but not one has a right to restrict my lib- Round Table Conference, Indian Christians were erty to proclaim this Gospel as it has been made the only minor community whose representative, real to me. the late Mr. K. T. Paul, repudiated communal representation. This was done in the interest of No Christian believes in merely adding to the India's national welfare at a time when other number of adherents, but we believe in the evanmajor communities were fighting over the distri- gelization of the world. As evangelical bebution of the political loaves and fishes. lievers, we are witnesses and not advocates. In the words of the Master, "We speak that we do In the statement submitted by the Indian Chris- know and testify that we have seen." tian Conference to the Simon Commission, Chris- [284 ] MR. M. K. GANDHI AS A STUDENT AT OXFORD MAHATMA GANDHI AS A LEADER IN INDIA There is no freedom more fundamental than the Indians, as a nation, are communally-minded right to belie've and true liberty includes the right and as citizens we are sadly lacking in publicto share with others our experience of God's sal- spiritedness. Recent riots and our political convation. Christian conversion is a matter of first ferences serve as good mirrors showing us our old hand knowledge, both intellectually and experi- nature that needs to be changed. mentally. All men stand in need of spiritual conversion of this kind. Regeneration is a cre- Education may improve our old nature but canative act of God's spirit and is made possible by not change its essentials. Education is therefore entire surrender to God as he is made manifest inadequate. We need a thorough transformation in the person of Jesus Christ, the first step there- in our sense of values and in our very nature fore being an appropriating trust in Jesus Christ through direct contact with Him who is the Truth. as our personal Saviour. This will help us to become Christlike. "Truth shall make you free." My prayer therefore is that India may learn to appropriate both truth and freedom.

Why Missionaries Seek Converts Mr. Gandhi has been advising missionaries to keep to their philanthropy and to drop their efforts at conversion. He is interpreted to have implied that he would drive out missionaries if he could unless they were willing to accept his terms. His views of religion are those of a Hindu. A Hindu with his deeply-rooted belief in destiny cannot believe in converting others or in letting them convert him. Gandhi most definitely advocates that a man should abide in his own ancestral religion. This is part of the doctrine of Swadeshi. The missionaries listen to him courteously, and go on with their work in all its completeness, for Christianity is not like Hinduism in this matter-for it conversion is an essential doctrine.

EDWARD SHILLITO.

Christian Approach to the ]e-ws*

"~I By the REV. JJ'OewHishNWSor.kC, OBoNa~Nd IoNf NGa,tiDon. aDl .M, NisseiownsY, ork Tt. •.

Director of r Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I T is a pathetic fact that the Christian Church semitism of Poland, Roumania, Germany, and in its approach to the Jews through the cen- other lands is driving the Jews in upon them- turies has rarely been Christian. Seldom has selves in self-defense. Though our own two it been wise. Prejudice and unchristian conduct, neighboring lands have given to the Jews a larger often fostered by an intolerant theology, have hid- liberty than they have ever known, there is yet den the face of Christ from the people that gave enough of prejudice and dislike to neutralize Him birth and with whose fol- much of the Christian mes- lowers they have always been sage. The Church that would in contact. The methods of ap- For hundreds of years the successfully interpret Christi- proach employed furnish the Jews in Europe were isolated anity to the Jews must give most shameful examples of in "the ghetto" or "Pale of diligence to the practice of its spiritual malpractice that any Settlement." The "Christian" fundamental ethic.

race has been called upon to approach to the Jews was In view of the number, qual- endure. with curses and reviling, with ity, and increasing influence of Across the years we see a sticks and stones. Is it any the Jewish people, it is amazpeople in an endless procession wonder that these Jews re- ing how little has been done by of suffering-here a massacre; viled in turn the Christian the Christian communions of Saviour? The result is seen there a multitude in exile; yon- in America today. But the North America to bring within der an auto-da-fe; at this point the sphere of their interest and communities of Jews driven in- atmosphere has c I ear e d. effort this historic race to to Christian churches on Holy Christians are studying the which they owe so great a debt. Cross Day to listen to tirades true "Christian approach to The first real steps that have the Jews" so as to commend against their faith and denun- the Gospel of Christ. Dr. Con- ever been taken by the Chrisciations 0 f the i r stubborn ning, who has been working tian forces of these two lands pride; at that point ignorant to consider unitedly their re- with and for Jews for nearly mobs, shouting "Christ-kill- half a century, presents here sponsibilities and opportuniers," perpetrating unutterable the way of approach that is ties within this field are of rewrongs against a defenseless cent origin.. Thirteen months the way of Christ. people-everywhere there have ago at the Home Missions Con- been legal discriminations and gress in Washington that great social ostracisms without num- representative body definitely ber. Scarcely a generation has passed since expressed its attitudes and convictions, and re- Pobiedonostieff, the Procurator of the Holy Rus- ferred to the Home Missions Council the task of sian Synod, set out to compel Jewish conformity appointing a committee through which the resolu- to the State Church by organizing pogroms in tions of the Congress might be translated into ac- Jewish communities. His policy, as he explained tion. Last May the International Missionary it, was: one-third will be slain, one-third will Council, under the leadership of Dr. John R. Mott, emigrate, and one-third will enter the Orthodox called together at Atlantic City a group of Chris- Church. tian leaders representing various Christian agen- It is against this background that Christianity cies in North America to consider the problems in America must make its approach to the Jews, connected with a Christian approach to the Jews.

for most of the Jewish people in this country have The findings of this conference are without doubt come from eastern Europe. Even now the anti- the most valuable contribution that has yet been • Report presented at the annual meeting of the Home Missions made to the study of this subject, and a North Council held in Toronto. January 4-6. 1932. American Committee was appointed to give effect [286 ] to the recommendations. The third and most tional practices have been faring badly. (2) important step was taken in September last, when Modern thought has made serious assaults upon these great missionary organizations decided to the citadel of orthodoxy. Science and philosophy coordinate their efforts in this field by the ap- have called in question its fundamental concepts pointment of a Joint Committee on the Christian and claims. They have scouted the notion of di- Approach to the Jews. This was made up of vine sanctions for its most hallowed customs. (3) representatives of the Home Missions Council, The secular spirit of our time which has been test- Council of Women, Federal Council and Interna- ing every faith has taken large toll from the synational Missionary Council. gogue.

The principles upon which such a service should The cumulative effect of these and other inflube projected are now rather well defined, but the ences has been to change the whole character and working out of an effective program carries us outlook of Jewish life. Departures from orthointo a field of relationships so complex that large doxy within Judaism may be roughly classified as sympathy and understanding are demanded. Conservative and Reform. All three, however, There are in addition unusual circumstances in constitute but a fraction of American Israel. The the Jewish life of America that emphasize the largest fraction, which renders no allegiance need and urgency of adventurous and construc- whatever to the synagogue, is comprised of at tive leadership. Indeed, there has probably been least three elements-the intellectuals, who have no period since Jesus walked the earth and Paul accepted a materialistic philosophy of life; the proclaimed his message in the synagogues of the working people, who have largely adopted socialdiaspora when the Christian faith had such an ism with its doctrine of human brotherhood as opportunity to commend itself to the Jewish peo- their religion; and that large class of well-to-do ple as it has today in America. irreligious, who give themselves to the pursuit of pleasure and gain. Modern Judaism This situation is giving the Jewish leaders the First, we should recognize that we have now in utmost concern. Their councils are filled with these western lands the largest and most influen- foreboding as to the whole future of their people. tial Jewry in the world. There are here approxi- Things are not as they were, and they realize that mately 5,000,000 Jews, one-third of the Jewish no amount of repining can turn back the hands population of the world. And here they are at on the dial. Their perplexity finds frequent and the peak of their experience with respect to free- varied utterance. Sometimes the blame is placed dom of opportunity, culture and achievement. In- on traditional Judaism and its failure to meet the dividuals and groups within Jewry will doubtless needs of modern life. Dr. S. M. Melamed thus occupy still larger places in the life of these two comments on orthodoxy in the Reflex: neighboring nations. Already the leadership of world Jewry has passed into their hands. What The Hebrew word galuth does not only signify disperhappens to the Jews in America will largely de- sion. Its true meaning today is "sighing under the yoke termine the future of their people throughout the of an oppressor." Rabbinic Judaism is a greater galuth world. In our plans for the extension of the for the Jew than all the oppressions of all the anti-semitic cause of Christ within our borders, we do well to governments combined. The reaction to oppression on the consider earnestly our relationship to this virile part of a government is either resistance or attempt at and resourceful people, who already sit at the revolution, but the reaction to the oppression of rabbinic springs of influence and give more than their Judaism is the destruction of the Jewish soul and mind. share of direction to the life of our people. Rabbinic Judaism is choking the Jews to death intel- lectually and spiritually. Then we should consider the revolutionary changes that have taken place in Jewish life and On the other hand, Reform Judaism also comes thought within recent years. The disappearance in for criticism because of its failure to meet the of the ghetto and the emergence of Jews into the present crisis in Jewish life. Dr. Solomon Goldcommon life of the world have had disastrous ef- man, in his recent book, "A Rabbi Takes Stock," fects upon their traditional beliefs and practices. says: In their new conditions they have met three disintegrating influences: The end of almost a century of religious conflict in Jewry finds neither Orthodoxy nor Reform with any vic- (1) Modern industrialism is a force with which tory to record: finds, rather, both so impoverished in spirorthodoxy had not reckoned, and against which it itual and intellectual resources that neither can hope to has been waging a losing battle. In the factory, meet the new chaJlenges of our own day. the warehouse, and the department store, the Saturday Sabbath, the dietary laws and other tradi- Another utterance in the same key was recently sounded by Rabbi Stephen S. Wise of New York, in one of his sermons on "The Agony of Israel," when he said:

The agony of Israel is that we bear ourselves for the Jewish working people socialism has taken the most part as if there were nothing to safeguard, nothing place of Judaism. They claim that its emphasis more to cherish, nothing left to preserve, and as if there on brotherhood and its call to humanitarian servwere to be no future-this the end. Religion! Are we ice adequately replaces the faith of their fathers. not becoming its destroyers rather than its guardians? Others are seeking satisfaction in new thought, There is something which calls itself religion current in ethical culture, theosophy, spiritism, Christian certain smug circles of Jewisb life bere and in otber Science and other modern cults. lands. For the most part it is nothing more than a poor pulseless imitation or simulation of a decorously unvital Christianity also is having its chance. The old mysticism. And save for this there is little, if any, so- antagonisms, bred in eastern Europe, grow less called religion in the household of Israel-orthodoxy being virulent in the free atmosphere of America, and almost as dead as reform. as the older generations pass. Jews today are more open-minded than they have been for many The difficulty of maintaining a Jewish life centuries. Many are examining the faith from under modern conditions is frankly recognized. which their fathers have been so long estranged. In one of his essays dealing with current religious They are reading the New Testament and other problems, Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan says: Christian literature. They are listening to mes- sages over the radio, and occasionally they visit The most heartbreaking disillusionment which we Jews Christian churches. A considerable number, dishave faced in our entire history has been the one follow- satisfied with Judaism, are finding the answer to ing the removal of our civil and political disabilities. The their deepest longings in the faith of Christ. It least we expected was that we would henceforth find it is estimated that at least 20,000 are now identified easier to be Jews. The fact is that it was never so hard with Protestant Christianity in America. to be a Jew as nowadays. Perhaps the most significant movement in Jew- The tie that binds most Jews together today is race rather than religion. A Jewish author and ish life within our generation is the changing atstudent of Jewish life remarked to me recently, when I suggested the possibility of a revival of titude of Jews toward Jesus. For fifteen cen- Judaism: "Religion is no longer a factor in J ewish life." It is for this reason that many Jewish turies no reputable Jew ever named that name. leaders are placing their reliance upon Jewish culture, rather than religion, for the survival of But the long silence ended definitely when Profestheir people. This is the underlying motive in modern Zionism. It is hoped that by a return to sor Klausner of the Hebrew University, Jerusathe ancient homeland of many thousands of Jews there will come about a quickening of national lem, published in Hebrew for Hebrew readers his consciousness which will stimulate Jewish life throughout the world. Arthur Ruppin declares scholarly and critical study, "Jesus of Nazareth." Zionism to be "the last desperate stand of the Jews against annihilation." The Zionist hopes of This has been followed by such volumes as Emil Jewish leaders, however, are not being realized as fully or as rapidly as they had planned. The Bal- Ludwig's "Son of Man," and Rabbi Trattner's four Declaration, as interpreted by the British Government, affords no basis for the aspirations "As a Jew Sees Jesus." The value of these studof extreme Zionists for an all-Jewish Palestine. The presence in the ancient homeland of an Arab ies in giving Jesus His proper setting in Jewish and Christian population five times greater than that of the Jews, who also claim their rights in life may be freely acknowledged, but the Jesus the land through many generations, must necessarily postpone the realization of Zionist dreams they portray is not the Jesus of the New Testato an indefinite future. ment or of Christian experience. It is a purely Religions Among the Jews human portrait that is set before us. In a day It would be a mistake, however, to think of the Jews as an irreligious people. The religious in- ~hen Christians generally are learning to apprestinct lies deep in the heart of the Jew, and many devout Jews within the synagogue bear testimony CIate the Man of Nazareth, as He is seen against to the spiritual values which they are finding in the practices of the ancient faith. Even among the background of His own land and of His own the large number who have forsaken the synagogue there are many who are eagerly searching times, Jewish authors do not hesitate to say that elsewhere for spiritual satisfaction. For young He was nothing more than that-the product of Jewish development on Jewish soil, a Jew who lived and died a Jew, who never claimed divinity, and never dreamed of founding a new religion.

Here we have a distinct challenge to the Church_ We need, in answer Jtoesutsh.eseThveoluJmeweis~h a new apologetic concerning situa- tion demands this of us.

From whatever point of view we regard this re- markable people we are summoned to consider what our approach to them should be. Any worthwhile Christian approach should include the following: (1 ) Understanding and appreciation. One reason why the work of interpreting Christ and

THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS

Christianity to the Jew has advanced so haltingly problem we have to face in a Christian approach. is that few Christians really know the Jew. He While there are in all our churches gracious souls lives in our midst and shares our common activi- who have conquered racial antipathies, there are ties. It is taken for granted that he is actuated also those who have never been delivered from the by the same motives, sees things from the same sway of primitive instincts and unregulated angle, and responds to the same appeals as our- prejudices. Any effective approach to the Jews selves. But the soul of the Jew is his own. He therefore involves a thoroughgoing educational has his own heritage. He has been shaped by his program in all our churches for the eradication own traditions. He views things through his of prejudices and the creation of truly Christian own eyes, and applies his own standards of meas- attitudes. The church cannot successfully at the urement. The constant complaint of the Jew is same time preach its Gospel and deny its fundathat he is misunderstood and that his religion is mental ethic. misrepresented. An important step in the cultivation of better This charge, without doubt, is largely true. Few attitudes was taken by your Joint Committee in Christians know anything of Jewish history sub- sending out the following message concerning our sequent to the New Testament period. They have relations with our Jewish neighbors at the Christlittle understanding of the long struggle for sur- mas season which was signed by the heads of alvival that has marked the passage of the Jews most all the church bodies and Christian organthrough the centuries, of the ill-will, injustice and izations in the United States and Canada: persecutions to which they have been subjected. They do not dream of the chasms of misconcep- At this season when the Christmas message of peace to tion and prejudice that separate Jews from Chris- men and good will is being sounded through the world, tians, of the bitter memories of personal and ra- we Christians of the United States and Canada, mindful cial wrongs that are cherished, of the unyielding that this message was first proclaimed in the land of attitude of opposition to Christianity that has be- Israel to the Jewish people and that it has come to us come an integral part of the Jewish tradition. through them, earnestly seek to emphasize its significance for us today believing that the message from ancient And, strange to say, little has been done to Palestine, if truly accepted, can mellow and exalt all hubring within the sphere of modern missionary man relationships and hasten the time when men shall study this great people whose religion is so closely dwell together in peace. identified with our own, and whose progress down the years furnishes more of vital knowledge, in- We deplore the long record of wrongs from which the terest and inspiration than can be drawn from Jewish people have suffered in the past, often from the the history of any other non-Christian people. We hands of those who have professed the Christian faith have textbooks for Indians and Mexicans, for and who have yet been guilty of acts utterly alien to Orientals and Negroes, but none for the race of Christian teaching and spirit. Jesus. Very evidently we are not going to get very far on our journey toward the Jew until we We declare our disavowal of anti-semitism in every form know something about his background and his and our purpose to remove by every available means its mental characteristics. causes and manifestations in order that we may share with our fellow citizens of Jewish heritage, every political, The Christian Attitude Toward Jews educational, commercial, social, and religious opportunity.

(2) In a Christian approach to the Jews there We urge upon Christians everywhere the cultivation of must be the cultivation of right attitudes. It is understanding, appreciation, and good will toward the a strange fact that Jews have rarely been popular Jewish people to whom we owe so much. We call upon all citizens in the lands of their sojourn. There are Christians as they commemorate the birth of Jesus at few lands in the world today in which it is not a Christmas this year, to join us, through personal influence, serious handicap to be a Jew. Even in our own the teaching of the young at ho.me and school, and in other land there is, in places, a pronounced anti-Jewish ways, in earnestly seeking the removal of anti-Jewish sentiment. Jews find themselves excluded from prejudices and their consequences and the advent of a certain hotels, apartment houses, clubs, and new era of friendly fellowship and cooperation w.orthy of schools, and in seeking employment they often the faith we profess. face the legend, "No Jew need apply." To a highly sensitive people such discrimination is a (3) In an approach to the Jews use should be constant irritation. Slights may be harder to made of existing agencies. The traditional apbear than blows. It is the existence of this proach to the ,Jew has been through a mission in spirit, in some measure within the Christian a ghetto, which dealt with immigrant Jews church, that constitutes the most embarrassing through Yiddish addresses and Yiddish litera- ture. As conditions of Jewish life change this method of approach can no longer meet in any adequate way the Jewish situation. The ghetto is no longer characteristic of Jewish life, and Yid- dish is less and less used by American Jews. The great majority of Jews today live in American neighborhoods, sharing the life of the people about them. They resent being singled out from

their neighbors for a separate Christian ap- working and aggressive and claim more than proach. For this unreached multitude, scattered their share of honors, with the result that preju- over many thousands of neighborhoods, new dices are aroused, and out of prejudices are born methods are necessary. ostracisms and dislike. The growing anti-semi- Fortunately we have in this country an un- tism in our educational institutions will test our paralleled opportunity to bring the Jewish people resourcefulness to the utmost. Conferences with within the range of Christian influence. Accord- student leaders, seminars, and round table confering to the "American Jewish Year Book" Jews ences of the Stanley Jones type are necessary are living in 9,712 different places in the United steps in the removal of bitterness and the mellow- States. The situation in Canada, in proportion ing of student contacts.

to the population, is quite similar. The signifi- (4) An approach to the Jews also calls for a cance of this fact is that today ninety-five per ministry of interpretation. It is important here cent of the Jewish people on this continent are that Christians should clarify their objectives in living in proximity to Christian churches or their approach to the Jewish people. Jews charge Christian neighborhood houses. There are many Christians with cherishing the deliberate purpose thousands of churches of the denominations rep- of destroying Judaism, the religion in whose resented in this Council that have Jews living in bosom Christianity was nourished, and the syna- their own parishes, and many of the neighborhood gogue, the spiritual home of Christ and all his houses have also Jews living at their doors. Ob- apostles. As a people engaged in an eternal viously we can no longer think of our responsi- struggle for survival in the midst of an alien en- bility to the Jews in terms of a mission here and vironment, such efforts are regarded with resent- there in a ghetto, we must think of them also in ment and with the determination to resist them terms of the many thousands of churches and to the uttermost. It is from the standpoint of neighborhood houses under the shadow of which survival that we must interpret most of the oppo- they are now living. We have here a normal, sition that Christianity encounters from the Jew- effective, and God-given opportunity to do some- ish people.

thing really worth while for the Jewish people. In this connection it is important for us to con- The local church and the neighborhood house have sider whether our aim is to proselytize and build in many ways the advantage. Hundreds of up the church at the expense of the synagogue or churches have already discovered that Jews, in- to evangelize or share with our Jewish brethren stead of being unreachable, are as responsive as the spiritual treasures we have found in Jesus other people to an intelligent and sympathetic Christ. So long as the synagogue refuses to have Christian approach. There is here a very call of fellowship with those of their own number who God to every church having Jewish neighbors. If have found in Christ God's answer to the cry of every church in the United States and Canada their hearts for peace and pardon and spiritual facing this opportunity accepted in some sp~cific power, so long will it be inevitable that such Jews way its responsibility, the aggregate of service will seek in the church the fellowship that is dewould far exceed anything that has hitherto been nied them in the synagogue. But that is the prob- attempted. lem of the synagogue and not of the church.

Such a service calls for conference with pastors Our primary concern is to share with the Jews and church leaders for the enlistment of local the evangel, the good news that centers in the perchurches in this program, and the organization of son of Jesus. As expressed in a finding of the groups for study and service. It also involves Atlantic City Conference: "We believe that, courses of lectures in seminaries for the prepara- having found in Jesus Christ, our Redeemer, the tion of those who will furnish future leadership supreme revelation of God and having discovered in this work. our fellowship with Him to be our most priceless There is also an alluring opportunity for serv- treasure and the only adequate way to spiritual ice among Jewish students in our colleges and life, we should have an overmastering desire to universities through student pastors and other share Him with others and very specially with Christian workers. This is a field that has those who are His own people according to the scarcely been touched and yet, if we are to mold flesh."

the relationships of our Jewish and Christian Anyone who is familiar with the approach of leaders of tomorrow, it is here that we must be- the Church to the Jews from the second century stow our earnest attention and ripest thought. on, must stand aghast at its failure to present to The number of Jewish students in our higher them the Christ. Of bigotry, controversy and schools of learning is out of all proportion to their antagonism they have had more than enough.

percentage of the population. They are hard Through such things the face of the greatest Jew

of history has been veiled from their eyes. It is to enter the whitened harvest field also emphanow our high privilege to make Him known in sizes the need of a united and worthwhile apterms of sympathy and understanding. The su- proach. Here for the first time in history Jews preme need of the Jews is Jesus Christ. Bewil- in large numbers are in contact with Evangelical dered and groping for their way, He is the an- Christianity, and they present to us the most swer to their quest. He is now beginning to searching test of its reality and power. There emerge in Jewish thought from the mists that can be no assured future for Gentile Christianity have enveloped Him. . They are coming under the in these western lands if we fail to discover an spell of His matchless personality, but they do not effective approach to the Jews. If we are sucknow Him. That requires contact with those cessful, it will have its repercussions throughout who have an experience to share and a spirit to the world. The work is vast and complex, and it exhibit. The supreme need in this field is inter- is only through our joint endeavors that we can preters. To enlist and prepare them is the find a solution for this age-long problem. To Church's urgent task, for the interpretation of bring about a rapprochement of Jews and Chris- Christ to the Jew requires more than words, it tians for the establishment of the Kingdom of demands the whole life. God within our borders is the responsibility that rests upon us and calls for our best thought, our This brief conspectus of the Jewish situation willing cooperation and our earnest prayers. on this continent and of the providential challenge Missions and the Present Crisis* The history of the Church shows that new op- to bear one another's burdens. Opportunities for portunity and fresh responsibility come at such sacrifice will emerge, which will throw men and times as these. The central fact in human affairs women back on God and draw them into closer is that Christ stands in the midst of His Church, Christian fellowship with one another. And as the very Word of God, identifying Himself with we realize that the situation contains the possihuman life and giving to men faith and hope and bility of such spiritual gains for all of us we shall love. The crisis is a trumpet call to turn all eyes be stirred to ensure that nothing God requires to God. from us shall be wanting.

The missionary societies have a special contrib- The young churches in non-Christian lands must ution to bring into the response of the Church to this call of God. They represent its world-wide have a special place in the hearts and prayers of mission and direct its work overseas, a work beset at the moment with great problems, but at- the home churches in this time of crisis. These tended with the most inspiring success. churches, ranging from large' communities to To the missionary committees will fall the task of adjusting resources to needs, but the necessary small isolated groups, are the sure pledge of the adjustments can be carried through with a sympathy and an understanding that will make the great world-wide Church of Christ that is to be. work not a hateful task but a sacrament. Christian statesmanship is called for so that the ad- They are all facing heavy odds with great courjustment of policy to the new situation may be truly constructive. Enriching cooperation is made age. The crisis will make big demands on them, possible as we get closer together to ensure that, while economies have to be effected, the Christian and it is our privilege to enter into such a deeper witness is not lessened but rather strengthened. fellowship with them, as they too make their sac- The supporters of the work-responding sacrificially, while themselves so hard hit-and the rifice, as may make the crisis a blessing both to missionary committees may both acquire a keener sense of stewardship as they envisage the position them and to us. The needs of the situation will of the men and women representing them on the frontiers of the Kingdom, and the hopes and fears call each member of the younger churches to more of the young churches in non-Christian lands. The missionary work of the Church is one of the great devoted personal service, and they will have much schools where at this time we may all learn anew to teach us of their experience of God in Christ • A Message from the Standing Committee of the Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland. as they shoulder larger responsibilities and rely more entirely upon Him. '

Those who believe that in Christ lies the hope of the world will reckon up anew their resources in God. All the difficult roads of these days of crisis lead to God if we choose to turn our steps to Him. He has much to say to His Church if we only listen. The Church was founded and its mis- sionary work entrusted to it just for days like these. .

Lift up your hearts. We lift them up unto the Lord.

Parish Turner-A Friend

FelloV Servant D"lucaj By the REV. J. LOVELL MURRAY, D. Toronto, Canada 11="

Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Formerly Educa- tional Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement A FEW weeks ago there passed from view and the intercommunal fellowship of all Christian be- .I".. entered into the greater life, a prince of lievers. friends and a stalwart among the servants In the year 1897 he married Rose Vaughan, of of the missionary enterprise. He was distinctly Nashville, who continued to the end an inspira- a leader, but the word tion to her husband and a "servant" is the truer term tower of strength in his to write across his record. work. In the year of his He aspired only to be use- marriage Turner was called ful; it was his personal by the Student Volunteer gifts and qualifications that Movement to be its General kept him in the front line. 'Secretary. Those were the Fennell P. Turner was "early days" of the great born in Danielsville, Tennes- movement, which originated see, on February 25, 1867, at Mount Hermon in 1886 the son of Rev. W. A. Tur- and was formally organized ner, a minister of the Metho- two years later.. When Tur- dist Episcopal C h u r c h, ner took the lead in its first South. While still a Van- decade, its spurs had been derbilt University under- won and the crusading pas- graduate, he was for two sion of its youthful years years principal of Dixon continued to be powerful in Academy. He was gradu- the colleges. It was still in a ated in 1891 and entered formative period, its tech- Vanderbilt Theological Sem- nique was in the making and inary and also became as- many 'college presidents and sistant editor and business professors, mISSIOn board manager of the Tennessee leaders and religious jour- Methodist. Religious jour- nalists in the United States nalism won the competition and Canada were dubious for his interest, for he about its value and its per- dropped his theological work manency. It was Fennell after the first year and con- Turner, together with John tinued with the paper till FENNELL PARISH TURNER R. Mott, who continued as 1895. It was a turning Chairman of the Executive point in his life when in that year he was ap- Committee from 1888 until 1923, who gave the pointed State Secretary for Tennessee of the Movement an established place in the sun of Young Men's Christian Association. That was academic and Church approval. Their strong, the beginning of an unbroken connection with in- wise and spiritual leadership kept the aim of the terdenominational activities that lasted for over Movement single and fervent, its genius distinc- thirty years. Yet he was always Church con- tive, its orientation true. There were many bat- scious. He was to the end a shining example of tles to be fought, misunderstandings to be cor- the compatability of intense loyalty to one's own rected, budgets to be balanced, problems of organ- communion and fervent, active enthusiasm for ization and relationship to be solved. But no one [ 292] ever saw Turner lose faith or hope, dodge a diffi- pointing candidate secretaries. Going further he culty or decline a responsibility. He gloried in conceived the idea of an inter-board organization the fact that the Movement was a movement and in 1911 brought about the formation of the rather than an organization and that it had never Board of Missionary Preparation. In addition to drawn up a formal constitution and by-laws. But his other work he carried the responsibility for he kept our minds fixed on what he called the this useful and growing agency until 1916 when "fundamental principles of the Movement." the double duty became too great and President These principles on which he rang the changes Frank K. Sanders of Washburn College was called are still an unwritten constitution and to them to be Director of the Board.

the Movement owes much of its growth and influ- ence. With the Foreign Missions Conference He was a ceaseless, and at times a feverish toiler. For example, he took elaborate pains with As General Secretary of the S.V.M., Dr. Turner the literary tasks that often fell to him. Besides made it a point to keep in close personal touch initiating some important missionary publica- with all the "sending societies." The secretaries tions, he wrote several -pamphlets and magazine of these boards came to look upon him as a valued articles and edited a number of volumes, includ- colleague and in the annual Foreign Missions Con- ing reports of the Student Volunteer Movement ference, which he always attended, they recog- and other gatherings. He was equally careful nized his wide knowledge, sound judgment and about every other aspect of the work. "Take organizational gifts by appointing him to various nothing for granted" was one of his slogans. He important committees. In 1918 he was made was early at his desk and usually he was the last Recording Secretary of the Conference and in the to leave in the evening. If, as was true probably following year he gave up the General Secretary- twice a week, a light was burning in the office at ship of the Student Volunteer Movement to be- night, it was almost invariably in Fennell's room, come full-time Secretary of the Conference and of for he was a familiar figure on the night trains to its interim committee, the Committee of Refer- Montclair, New Jersey, where the Motts and Tur- ence and Counsel. In this highly important posi- ners made their home together. He had a charge tion he remained until 1925. Missionary leaders to keep and he was true to it; he had a job to do of all communions in North America know with and he let it monopolize him. His colleagues al- what devotion and success he carried forward this ways found him taking up the heavy end. He work with its many ramifications during those six carried his work about with him. Often in the crowded years. For its present position of dead of night when he would be wakeful and strength and usefulness the Foreign Missions wrestling with a problem he would click on a Conference is deeply indebted to the sagacity and light to jot down some idea that occurred to him energy of Fennell Turner. It was a service be- or some item that must not be forgotten. He mas- yond price or praise to the cause of missions.

tered his work and was mastered by it. Though It was natural that his talents, his broad inter- powerful in frame, he had some physical weak- ests and extensive knowledge should be drafted nesses and with these he dealt faithfully in every freely by other organizations. He served on the way except resting. At times when his physician General Committee of the World's Student Chris- urged the necessity for a vacation, he would say, tian Federation, on the Board of the American "I found that out off my own bat. But I'm put- Christian Literature Society for Moslems, on the ting it up to you to get me back to par while I am Editorial Council of the Missionary Review of the in the saddle." He did not choose to dismount. World, on the International Missionary Council, During his energetic administration the Move- on the Executive Committee of the World Alli- ment advanced steadily in the confidence of the ance for Promoting International Friendship mission boards and in its hold upon the student through the Churches, and on the Administrative life of North America. Up to the year of his Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches resignation 8,140 Volunteers had begun their mis- of Christ in America. He was a delegate to the sionary service in all corners of the globe. World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh in He was one of the first to take up seriously the 1910 and to the International Missionary Confer- problem of missionary training, which is twin ence in Crans, Switzerland, in 1920. He attended brother to the problem of recruiting, although it in 1916 the Panama Congress of the Committee has only been tackled in earnest in recent years. on Cooperation in Latin America (having been a Turner canvassed the subject with board secre- member of the committee of arrangements) and taries, missionaries and professors of missions. in 1925 represented the Foreign Missions Confer- He arranged conferences on the subject. He ence at the Montevideo Conference, held under helped several boards to see the necessity of ap- the same auspices.

In all of these relationships he gave his best. deal to me. Fennell was continuously enrolled in That he was chosen for so many important serv- the great Academy of Friendship. And he was ices was a high tribute to his abilities and wis- an apt student.

dom. Further recognition came when Hope Col- We soon recognized that in a sincere and unlege, Michigan, conferred the degree of L.H.D., affected way his life was truly spiritual, anchored honoris causa and when the Vanderbilt University in the realities of Eternity and God. When he Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa elected him to mem- entered any group or activity he seemed to bership in 1931. strengthen its religious tone. He often spoke of In 1925 he relinquished the Secretaryship of the the danger of organizations being "concerned Foreign Missions Conference to become Secretary more with mechanics than with dynamics." His of Missionary Education and Foreign Extension example was a quiet challenge to his colleagues to of the General Sunday School Board of the Meth- be better men. We found him to be unselfish at odist Episcopal Church, South. This meant that all times. He was ready and glad to work with- he had "fetched a compass," for he was now back out recognition. He wanted results, not credit.

in his beloved Tennessee and in the particular Many an idea was set forth, for which the kudos service of the Church of his fathers. He was in- went to others. He was kindness incarnate.

vited in 1930 to become a member of the Fact While still a youth he undertook heavy obligations Finding Commission of the Laymen's Foreign in behalf of others which involved a sustained Missions Inquiry. He joined the section assigned self-denial through many years. But he found to India and spent a busy year in making inves- pleasure in carrying that load. And many an- tigations in that land and in writing his report. other load as well. Those immense shoulders This proved to be his last undertaking here. He overcrowded with duty and responsibility were returned in poor health and went to California to always hospitable to the burden of a troubled rest, hoping soon to be ready to resume work. person who came his way. But the Master of all good workmen had planned that his next assignment should be in another We were often made aware of his rigidity. He world. So on the night of February 9th last he was unyielding in his convictions and tenacious in went Home to God. his judgments. At times this was interpreted by some as stubbornness, especially when he would hold up the work of a committee to fight for his Elements of Strength point. But we who knew him best realized that it Every fellow-worker of Dr. Turner would agree was the attitude of a robust character with a keen that the great contribution he made to his gen- sense of responsibility. He was impatient with eration was not through his talents and his en- superficial thinking and with the attitude that ergy, but by the touch of his rich personality. change is to be reckoned as synonymous with How graciously potent it was! At our very first progress. So time and again he would be found meeting he impressed us all as a gentleman, every skating back from the forward line and preventinch-and there were six feet of inches-the per- ing an opponent's score by his solid defensive fect Southern gentleman. We rallied to a man so play. full of the joy of life, interested in a wide variety of things, jovial, optimistic, with a ready smile, a He impressed us by his bigness. He was a conhearty laugh and a flair for all that was sunny firmed interdenominationalist and internationaland funny. We saw in him a great lover ot ist. Conservative by nature, he was tolerant of men. People rather than organizations interested those who differed from him and he held the finhim. He gave time and attention to them lavishly est fellowship with men of widely varying belief and thought it well invested, even though it played and tradition. Always frank, always above board, havoc with his schedule. He was an enthusiastic he seemed able to look through incidentals to the personal Christian worker. He loved children. As essence of a matter. He thought in large terms and he did things in a generous, noble way.

a comrade he was a towering success. Friendship And observing closely through the years we saw with him was a two-way traffic. He inspired love a personality and a career marked by simplicity.

and unrestrained confidence for we found him He was easy to understand. He had chosen a few opening his heart to us and we knew that he loved central convictions and purposes and around us and was loyal. On a railway train he once these he organized his life. To his convic- asked me, "How do you think of Christ? You tions he gave a loyal adherence and into the real- know," he said, "some think of Him chiefly as ization of his purposes he poured the strength and their Master, others are most conscious of Him as passion of his days. Therein lies one chief secret their Redeemer. For my part, I habitually think of Fennell Turner's effective self-giving to move- of Him as my Friend." That explained a great ments and men.

Education in a Local

..:( By the REV. NORRIS L. TIBBETTS, Chicago Pastor and Director of Religious Education in Hyde Park Baptist Church M ISSIONARY education is primarily con- bring friendships among Christians in different cerned with developing the habit of think- parts of the earth, the world view is enriched and ing in world terms about the highest wel- the world ties are strengthened. But opportuni- fare of people. Long before the average man's ties for such personal contacts are usually lim- thoughts went much beyond his neighborhood and ited. The church in this generation is concerned almost never beyond the nation, the Christian with a missionary movement the extent of which Church was bringing the farther corIiers of the has greatly diminished the personal aspect for the earth to the attention of its local church, but enormously members. Conscious first of a increased the significance of message born of a personal ex- The advance of Christian mis- the missionary affairs. Misperience of the power of Jesus sions has radically changed sionary education today must Christ, there have been men the Church. Narrow vision bring to people some sense of and women who, like the and sympathies are signs of this world-Christian movement. Apostle Paul, saw next a vision ignorance. Information proof a needy world. The sense motes breadth of interest and This can be done in part of a mission and of a message develops I a r g eheartedness. through the preaching. I am to people in their need has sent How may intelligent mission- not thinking of the missionary the missionaries forth. These ary interest be promoted in a sermon which specializes on were the first to think cre- local church? May we not some world theme, often for atively in world terms about lose character and enthusiasm the purpose of raising money. the highest welfare of people. unless we understand why we Coming at irregular intervals, should give ourselves to this such a sermon may stimulate Those who remained at home world-wide enterprise and un- interest and achieve certain followed with their interest less we have first-hand knowl- immediate results, but it can and support the missionaries hardly be expected to develop who went abroad. Naturally edge of the workers? the habit of thinking in world the horizons lifted and the terms. This will come only as provincial outlook of the local a result of the constant stretch- church began to take on the ing of the mind with thoughts characteristics of a world View. But it was a that reach out into the world at large.

world view nourished by definitely personal in- There are at least two ways which I have ob- terests. In its earliest stages, Baptist mission- served by which preaching can develop the world I ary enthusiasm, for instance, focused in Adoniram view. The first is by widening the application Judson in Burma. When the first converts of principles or truths until they are seen in their joined the missionary, they came intimately to the widest world setting. The other is by the use of attention of the local church. I think this sense illustrations gathered from the literature or ex- of personal relationship was extremely impor- perience of other nations or races. Uncon- tant as it kept alive the interest which gave sup- sciously the boundaries of the mind are ex- port to the enterprise. But it was only the be- tended to share with appreciation the thoughts ginning of a comprehensive outlook. It was like and lives of distant people. The latest develop- a wedge of thought and interest driven into the ments in our missionary emphasis have given to blank wall of the world's larger life. this type of preaching a new significance. Hav- The modern church is not thinking in terms of ing judged other peoples by the Christian stand- a single missionary here and a handful of Chris- ard and found them wanting, we have sent mis- tians there. There are hundreds of missionaries sionaries. Now these peoples, who have learned and thousands of Christians. If circumstances from us these Christian standards, turn back [295 ]

our judgments upon ourselves. 'Ve have been of the Missionary Enterprise," to a group of compelled to realize that when we preach to the people steadily increasing in numbers and interneeds of the world, we preach to the needs of est. This is a revealing fact. People who are acour own land. When we preach to the needs tively engaged in the missionary enterprise may of our own land, we preach to the needs of the need to realize the background of the modern world. Preaching may make a people world-con- movement. They may need a restatement of its scious. purpose. Evidently there is a desire to know why the work should be carried on. In our generation Various group projects within the church help we are promoting an enterprise which was initiatto develop the habit of thinking in world terms. ed by O1U forefathers. It issued forth from their World friendship and mission study courses have experience on a flood tide of enthusiasm. May 'we increased knowledge on world affairs. During one not reach a point where our enthusiasm will begin entire year the program of the Business and Pro- to wa,ne unless we discover, as a result of our fessional Women's Club centered in different thought and experience, why we should give ourcountries of the world. The program for the selves to this enterprise in our day as other genchurch school has been concentrated usually in a erations gav.e themselves to it in their day? I besingle month. I think this could be fairly criti- lieve we should seriously consider whether the cized. A new plan extends the program for con- church in our modern world does not carry a sidering world relationships to two months, and double responsibility, first to keep the missionary is the outgrowth of a curriculum whose entire enterprise m01Jing forward, but second, and funpurpose is to broaden the student's thinking in damentally as important, to interpret the reason terms both of God and of his fellowmen. It for and the purpose of this enterprise so that it would not be particularly helpful to describe these will challenge the enthusiasms of our day. various projects in detail. The underlying principle is that interest in the missionary enterprise This church has been fortunate in its contacts is sustained as the world view is cultivated and with world movements. Men and women in its extended. Both by what we think and by what membership have had positions of responsibility we do the habit of thinking in world terms is on many boards and commissions that have dealt developed. with world affairs. One of its ministers went as Barrows lecturer to India. World-mindedness is Ever since our particular denomination set contagious and through the interest and leaderaside one month for intensive missionary edu- ship of such men and women, the thinking of the cation, this church has cooperated with the pro- church has been extended to embrace widely sepgram. This cooperation has been of two kinds. arated areas of the earth. Not every church is so First, the special book of reading has been wide- blessed. But what has happened here in notable ly distributed in the homes, primarily through degree can be reproduced elsewhere. children of the church and school. The ideal is to have the designated section read each day by I come back finally to the importance in misthe family together. In the next place a series sionary education of the personal element. Withof church night meetings has been arranged. For out diminishing my emphasis on the importance several years missionaries and foreign students of developing a world outlook which can discern spoke. This was an important contribution to and appreciate trends and movements, I should the world view of the people. Twice lectures have like to add a word of ~mphasis on the value of perbeen given over a period of four weeks illustrated sonal contacts. Great events stir us as we grasp with stereopticon and moving pictures. These their meaning and their power. But the influence were not successful, due primarily to the limita- of example and the power of personality are best tions of the pictures. Personally I should say able to reach the hidden springs of human interthat the most vital method of missionary educa- est and action. For instance, I have followed Sam tion has been the least developed. I mean visual Higginbottom's work at Allahabad because in stueducation through motion pictures intelligently dent days I heard him speak and felt the influand artistically filmed. Until great improvement ence of his personality and because in later years is made, motion pictures from the field, in my a friend of mine went out to join him. Therejudgment, do more harm than good. fore, beside the important task of developing our thinking in world terms about the highest wel- During the time that this intensive program has fare of all people, I should like to place the value been presented, the most significant meetings have of making some personal contacts which will give been those which dealt with the philosophy of the to us the feeling that in and through our friends missionary enterprise. One year for five weeks we are sharing in the world-wide Christian ena professor of missions in a divinity school lec- terprise. tured on "The Whence, the Why and the Whither

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SPRINGTIME PROGRAMS vegetables and flowers, have a ers (released from container as poster for each meeting, using it in gift-shower), autumn leaves, Nothing short of the most al- for advertising purposes in the fruit baskets (specifically lining luring presentation of the best vestibule beforehand, then hang- up the fruits of definite missionpossible missionary material is ing it near the leader's table as ary efforts), holly berries (at worthy of a consecrated pro- an illustration and visualization Christmas meeting), a missiongram b u i Ide r. "The King's of some feature of the theme. ary bouquet, etc. In general, the Business" requires not only You will find that leaders of the appreciation of a meeting is in "haste" but our utmost en- successive meetings vie with proportion to the number of peodeavor. Are you giving that to each other in having the most ple taking part in it within its your m iss ion a r y teaching, attractive posters: and when, at time limits, and this manner of preaching or programs? So long the close of the series, the whole serving current events affords as skilful seasoning conditions collection of posters is hung excellent opportunity to use the the acceptability of food, we around the room for compari- timid folk. should never consider negligible son, some small reward may be the higher art of the program given for the production of the The devotionals are effectivemaker, carefully studying her one best adapted to its purpose. ly designated as "Meditations," appeal to the normal appetite. This is optional. and they come nearer to being Out of 35 years' experience as truly devotional if placed at the pastor's wife and mission circle The serial title may well be close of the program when prayworker, the writer can positive- "World Gardening," or "Our ers grow naturally out of fresh ly g u a ran tee that sufficient Missionary Gardens," the motto information and inspiration. pains, prayer and preparation being either "The Field Is the Freshen the devotional period will draw the audience. (The World" or "As the earth bring- with variety which forces the "preparation" covers attractive eth forth her bud, and as the auditors to think and feel. advertising. Many an excellent garden causeth the things that program finds its extinguisher are sown in it to spring forth, Excellent meditation themes "under a busheL") so the Lord God will cause right- may be selected from the follow- eousness and praise to spring ing assortment and fitted to the One of the most picturesque forth before all the nations." topics chosen: and attractive figures under which to develop a series of The leader of each meeting Grapes Sweet and Sour-Jer. 31: studies for juniors, intermedi- may be called the Head Gar- 29, 30; Num. 13:17-24. ates, high school students or dener or Head Florist, and other woman's circles is that of gar- participants, "assistants" or The Harvest Perspective – John dening. While its inception is "helpers." 4:27-38. seasonable at this time of year, it readily lends itself to the Current events, when used, Help Wanted-Matt. 9:35-38. whole round of the calendar, will be rendered more attractive Lessons from the Lilies – Matt. and may be arranged to cover a by being designated seedlings, 6 :25-34. study book, an intensive consid- an autumn salad (typed and Combatting Garden Pests – Gen. eration of some special field, or pasted on crepe paper lettuce 4:9; I Tim. 4:12; Eccl. 9:10. a sequential list of general top- leaves and passed around among The Secret of Successful Gardening ics. The outline herewith given the audience to be read), a bou- -John 15:1-6; I Cor. 9. is a composite of several excel- quet of forget-me-nots (slips of Nature's Law of Sowing and Reaplent contributions for this de- paper containing t e r s e news ing-Gal. 6:7-10; II Cor. 9:6. partment, hence no individual items tied to tiny artificial for- The Probl~m of the Weeds-Matt. trademarks can be noted. get-me-nots and given out to be 13 :14-30. read, as above), June rosebuds Increasing the Yield-John 15 :1-8. At the beginning, commandeer (items en c los e d in artificial a number of illustrated seed cat- buds), field flowers, May baskets Many appropriate songs will alogues and from their attrac- (items passed around in lovely suggest the m s e Iv e s, among tively colored pictures of fruits, decorated baskets), April show- which are "Thank God for a Garden," "I Know a Garden," "In the Garden," "Bringing in the Sheaves," "What Shall the Harvest Be?", "Sowing Seeds of Kindness," etc.

[297 ]

The following list contains a Current Events under caption TO PROMOTE THE CAUSE OF variety of program topics from "Sample See d Packets," the which the committee may select items being enclosed in tiny en- TEMPERANCE its own sequence, after which it velopes with floral or vegetable decoration on 0 u t sid e, and By MRS. Lucy E. VAN KIRK is an easy matter to sub-divide passed out for a group of women the themes and fit in suitable to read distinctly. Select items Editor and Business Manager of meditations and current events: about missionary publications if The Ohio Messenger possible. We Study the Seed Catalogue. "Our missionary Gospel today The program may be in the has its message as of old for Preparing the Soil (pioneer efforts form of a synthetic catalogue, every life, but also and increas- its back of green paper with gay ingly for all of life. What is in various fields, or a study of the taking place in America today is cut-outs for decoration and the not something apart from our initial efforts of any given mission- words, "Missionary Seed Cata- missionary task, but something logue for 1932" in plain view of that is woven into its very fabary). the audience. Inside pages may ric. Industry, commerce, poli- feature the different items of tics are not apart from missions, Home and Imported Products (a the lit era t u representation, but something that is woven into bright pictures cut from actual its very fabric. We must evan- Home and a Foreign theme, under the catalogues possibly being used. gelize these asp e c t s of life, This catalogue may be placed on bringing them into h arm 0 n y titles "Oriental" and "Occidental"). an easel and the pages turned by with the teachings of Christ. the leader as the meeting pro- . . . In our protest against con- Our Neighbors' Gardens (studies of gresses. The items would be ventions that hamper and regu- specific to the organization using lations that go to extremes, we Canadian, Mexican or West Indian the program, but might include: run the risk of losing sight of the eternal fact that all life is missions). 1. Hymn, "He That Goeth Forth with guided by law. The widespread Weeping." violation of the prohibition law Community Gardening (local social and the condoning of such VIOla- 2. Head Gardener's Introduction- tion by those in high places of service studies, or a guest-day meet- the first need is for seeds, new, social and political influence is a certified, free from weeds, and of striking example." ing with similar organizations of specific kinds inclusive of the other churches). . Word of God and other informa- -"The Challenge of Change." tive material in harmony there- The Nursery (study of work of with. As we all know, there is a movement on foot at the present juvenile missionary organizations, or 3. Talk: The Hardy Perennials- time to break down law enforce- new mission study books. ment and nullify those laws that of kindergarten and primary work on do not coincide with the views of 4. The Annual Fruits – crisp sum- certain individuals and interests. home or foreign fields). maries of other books inclusive of This, if successful, would bring those in Competitive Reading Con- chaos through disregard for all The Garden of Herbs (medical mis- test. law. Every Christian should be alert and actively engaged in sions) . 5. Song, "Thank God for a Garden." studying out an intelligent plan 6. The Salad Vegetables-new leaf- to promote respect for law in The Garden of Books (presentation general, and in particular to pre- lets and pamphlets refreshing to vent bringing liquor into our of study books or competitive reading jaded appetites and of tonic value. midst through bootleggers and volumes) . 7. The Monthly Roses – missionary other means. What can we as periodicals, stressing THE REVIEW missionary leaders do? Patriotic Gardening-a study in as the hardiest one, not specific to The great need is for educa- Red, White and Blue (summer meet- individual denominational gardens tion to meet the propaganda of but adapting itself perfectly to those who would modify or nulin?, on Civics). every soil and climate the world lify the existing laws on the over, hence indispensable in every question. "Youth," says a recent The Harvest Home (autumn meet- garden. writer, "is the prey of the edu- cators of intemperance-those ing on results on mission fields). Meditation: The Parable of the who would destroy rather than Wheat and Tares, Matt. 13 :24-30, build character. The leaders of Garden Information (reports of showing need of great care in se- tomorrow should be given every lection of proper seed if we would opportunity to know the highest conventions, etc.). have the maximum harvest. ideals and enrich their own lives S. Sample Seed Packets. To avoid with them." In the Garden of the King (Christ- an unduly long program, it may be better to distribute these to all mas meeting, with possible program at the close, to be taken home, read with mind in receptive mood. on "Following Christmas around the planted in the heart and nurtured with prayer. Flowers of love and World," viz., giving accounts of cele- service are then due to blossom. (Envelopes may contain either brations on various mission fields). leaflet literature or carefully se- lected clippings from THE REVIEW, A Garden Party (summer meeting the selections being typed if one wishes to avoid destroying the out of doors). magazine.) An Indian (Of African. etc.) Gar- den (study of a specific field).

How Does Your Garden Grow? (re- port of denominational progress).

A Garden Magazine (presentation of any given number of The Review.

in its various features and departments) .

A SAMPLE GARDEN PROGRAM Invitations, on apple – g r e e n bristol board tied with dark green cord: A garden you will want this year, And now the time is drawing near When you will want some tested seeds- These every careful gardener needs, Unless you'd raise a crop of weeds Within a garden drear.

Poster featuring seed packets -sketched and named, or actually tied to the bristol board, with invitation, time and place of meeting inscribed.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Plan for short, pithy talks in See that the program commit- than are the money-ralsmg methods such as fairs, suppers, etc" for profit. the Sunday School. tee in the Woman's Missionary Start a pledge-signing cam- Society makes a place for down- 6. Resolved, that the stewardship of time is of greater importance to paign, using something like this: to-date consideration of the sub- the furtherance of the Christian en- "I hereby declare my purpose to ject each year, or has temper- terprise than the stewardship of money. abstain from alcoholic liquor as ance news items introduced into 7, Resolved, that Home Missions a beverage." the regular programs.* has been helped more than hindered Ask your pastor to preach a Have a con t est or debate by the moneyed interests of America. rousing temperance sermon among the young people with from time to time, and give his either prizes or announced deci- Topics for Discussion: efforts such support as shall sions at the close. hearten him to do his utmost. 1. Is our community a friendly Hold poster contests. Educa- place for the representatives of The Women's Home Mission- tional posters catch the eye and various nationalities that live here? ary Society of the Methodist hold the attention better than Church recently offered three words. 2. How would people of other money prizes to Queen Esther races and nationalities be likely to answer that? Circles for the three best post- 3, Do all representatives of other races in our community have a fair DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES chance for econo;mic progress?

ers submitted under certain con- One of the most profitable 4. Are there church opportunities test rules, the sub j e c t being ways in which to bring a dy- for people of all races in this com- namic· subject before an audi- munity, either in separate churches or "Why Should United States Cit- ence is through the medium of through hospitable attitudes that welizens Be Total Abstainers from a debate or pro and con discus- come all sorts of people in one Alcoholic Beverages?" L a r g e sion. The slight element of church? prizes would be likely to attract competition whets the appetites real artists, so the offering of of the hearers, who unconscious- 5. In what ways am I interpreting ly align themselves now with Christianity to the foreigners whom smaller ones brings in the ama- one side and now with the other, I know? teurs who most need the temper- while the effect upon the conance education. testants themselves is self-evi- 6. Is the Woman's Movement in dent. Care should be exercised India a bane or a boon? Use to the limit the loophole in the statement of the topic, offered in the public schools by however, as it is of questionable 7, Has Christianity played any the law for Scientific Temper- ethical v:alue to lead a speaker part in that awakening? ance Instruction. Often your to argue against his ideals. minister or some other qualified 8. What is likely to happen to person will be allowed to address A request which came not civilization if this new movement is the pupils on the subject. long since to THE REVIEW re- not christianized? garding questions for debate Utilize your citizenship privi- leads us to submit the following, 9. Why should we support colleges leges to the limit. Elect men to with earnest recommendation in the Orient which are run mainly office who really believe in law that the method be utilized in by Orientals? enforcement, then stand back of all adult departments of church these officers and hold up their life: 10. What are modern college stuhands as they endeavor to be dents in China doing for their own true to their oath of office. Com- country? mend them heartily for the brave, loyal things they do. We If questions like the above are are all too ready to criticize. to be thrown open for general discussion, it is well to prime The Fourth General Council 1. Res'olved, that David Living- sever:al people beforehand to of the United Church of Canada stone made a greater contribution to lead out in the arguments or has expressed itself as follows: progress in Africa than Cecil Rhodes. topics.

2. Resolved, that evangelism is PROGRAM SEEDLINGS "The Play Hour Series" is a publication suggesting games, stories and refreshments to be used in connection with pro- Inasmuch as the (liquor) traffic is more important in the foreign field grams from a large variety of now attacking the home in a new and than education. foreign lands. (Presbyterian subtle way, we heartily endorse the Board of Foreign Missions, 156 proposal of the Board, in cooperation 3. Resolved, that the missionary Fifth Ave., New York. Price has helped the progress of humanity with the Woman's Missionary Society, more than has the non-Christian ex- 10 cents.) plorer. At the annual meeting of the to promote a campaign to secure the definite exclusion of alcoholic bever- 4. Resolved, that the missionary is Chicago Presbyterial last April, ages from the homes of our people, a greater asset for world peace than a fine pictorial presentation of and recommend that all ;ministers, of- armaments. the officers for the coming year ficials, members and adherents of the was arranged. A wide frame United Church be urged to give the Ii. Resolved, that the faithful prac- was constructed behind an easimovement their heartiest cooperation tice of the stewardship of money on the part of church members is a ;more and support. profitable method of financing the Church and its world-wide enterprise Similarly w i I I you not en- * Denominations having a Temperance Divi- ly drawn curtain on the platdeavor to line up your church, sion in their national organization may obtain – form. A woman was seated near literature on the subject from their own headcommunity, newspapers and quarters. Otherwise it win be furnished at by with an album on her lap as- schools to render ours truly a cost by the National Publishing House of the suming to show to a new, young "dry" nation? Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Evans- member of the society pictures ton, Illinois.

of its officers. These latter were the December meeting, a candle ter spirit and enlisted a greater arranged in groups of three or was lighted on the Christmas number for the presentations. five as tableaux within the tree for each dollar received. It frame and remained motionless is remarkable how the setting of An inscription on a year book while the demonstrator cleverly a picturesque goal like that will recently inspected was as fol- spur to added activity. lows: "'Nited' does not spell described them, not even ven- 'united' without 'u' in it. 'Sccess' turing a smile at some of her Another "Manly Missionary does not spell 'success' without facetious remarks. Then when Meeting" is reported as most 'u' in it. 'Chrch' does not spell the curtain was closed again, successful. First there was a 'church' without 'u' in it." another page of the album was song-fest by "the vocal men"; turned to afford opportunity for then a salvo of twelve guns by As an intermediate step in the the posing of a new group. "the minute men" (presumably welding of the world fields so as brief missionary t a I k s 0 r to do away with the invidious A Mother-and-Child meeting items) ; a quartette by "the male concept of "home" and "forlends itself to the effective pres- men"; an address, The Bible a eign," Mrs. W. J. Armstrong, of entation of certain subject mat- Missionary Book, by "the flower Cambridge, Mass., writes: "It ter, either home or foreign. Any man"; another address, Jonah is my idea to try to have news person not having a little child Whaled into a Foreign Missionor grandchild may borrow one ary, by "a lawyer man"; an in- from all our fields at each meetfor the occasion, this being her strumental solo by "a music ing instead of the usual one of ticket of admission. man"; a short address, Christ a giving exclusively home or for- Foreign Missionary, by "a Bible eign information. I hoped in One missionary society took School man"; and The Bible a this way to try to hold the world up its collection in a milk bot- Missionary Story, by "a car- as the field before our people. tle, asking each one in the audi- penter man." That would sure- Naturally a missionary talks ence to place with it the price ly bring out the male member- about her own place of service of one day's luncheon. ship of the church to at least one most; but our speakers have missionary meeting. Let us look been asked, wherever possible, The history of our great mis- forward to the day when there to indicate how their work is sionary hymns is being present- need be no gender for the term, typical of other fields. We have ed in a five-minute interval at "missionary meeting." had a resume (by one of the each successive meeting during program committee speaking the whole year, by a resourceful *** woman's society. before the address) of the most A Tacoma woman's society vital statistics and conditions of *** reports that at the meeting pre- the phase of the work of the vious to the preparation of a A "Manly Missionary Meet- new year book, the chairmen of presentation to follow." ing" is held once a year by the the seven circles into which the woman's society in the First organization was divided were *** Baptist Church at Battle Creek, called to the front and allowed Michigan, the mayor presiding, to draw from a like number of "A Reception for the Newa topic of general civic interest slips of paper the president held being discussed and the public in her hand one slip each, not comers" is an annual event in generally invited. having seen what was written one progressive organization. on the reverse of the slips. Each At the First Baptist Church such inscription specified the At each annual meeting for the in Washington, D. C., the wom- date on which that circle was to election of officers, newcomers an's year book bore the follow- sponsor a program meeting, the during the past year were espeing inscription: "Our aim for color of the paper indicating the cially invited to be present, a 1931: (1) Every woman know- nationality to be studied-yel- note with R.S.V.P. attached ing, praying, giving. (2) Every low for the Japanese or Chinese, having been sent. Each new woman reading at least three brown for the Hindus, etc. At woman as she entered the room missionary books this year. (3) its next meeting each circle de- was given a flower and a card Some missionary magazine in cided what field included in its with her name written on it. At the home of each member. (4) assignment it would study, also the close of the service, after the Every member of the society chose its topic and a program officers had been duly elected, participating in White Cross leader. These decisions were work (missionary sewing, etc., handed to the president by a the newcomers were invited to for hospital or other field certain date so as to be incorpo- the front to stand in line with needs) . (5) Everyone con- rated in the year book. This the officers for an informal retributing regularly to mission- plan has developed more free- ception. Many expressed their ary funds. (6) Enlistment of dom and initiative among the appreciation of this opportunity new members. (7) Everyone women, also given them a bet- to meet so many members of the studying the Bible. It would be church. Why not do this at the interesting to know how nearly first autumn meeting of your or- that aim was attained. ganization and accomplish the When the mite boxes of a cer- double purpose of introducing the newcomers to the membertain circle were brought in at ship and to the work of the so- ciety, giving a sample copy of THE REVIEW as a souvenir?

~'====–===================t'~

Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA "Under Heaven, One Family"

Among the New Books To Aid in Understanding CHINA and THE AMERICAN INDIAN FACING THE FUTURE IN large groups and furnishes a WORKING FOR A NEW wealth of background material. INDIAN MISSIONS At the close of that chapter he CHINA says: "The task of the Chris- Part 1. A Social Outlook on Indian tian missionary who would serve Lady Fourth Daughter of China. By Missions. By Lewis Meriam. Part the American Indians is vastly Mary Brewster Hollister. Pub. by II. The Church and the Indian. By more difficult today than it has Central Committee on the United George W. Hinman. Pub. by Mis- been in the past, although not Study of Foreign Missions. Cloth, sionary Education Movement and involving as much danger and 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. Council of Women for Home Mis- hardship. The Indian life of sions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. earlier days was relatively sim- "Lady Fourth Daughter of ple and primitive. The things China" first attracts the reader Part I enables us to see the missionaries had to do then were by its cover. On a yellow backsituation among American In- simple compared with the com- ground I Lai Cho, one of China's dians through the eyes of a re- plexities they face today and young artists, has drawn a search specialist who faces facts will face increasingly in the fu- graceful spray of lan-hwa, the very frankly yet is thoroughly tureas the Indians seek to find western epidendrum. On opensympathetic with these people. their place in our modern civi- ing the pages one has one's curi- Dr. Meriam recently made a sur- lization. In the days of the pio- osity excited by an artistic map vey at the request of the Indian neer. missionary the challenge of the twenty-eight provinces, office and was the chief editor of was to work for the Indian while enticing Oriental faces the report of that survey which people. T 0 day the challenge, peep out of every chapter. The is one of the most important doc- even greater and more difficult book's whole makeup clamors, uments of many years on "The "Read me." Problem of Indian Administra- (Continued on page 302) tion." "The touch of His Hand is the [ 301 ] breath of Spring." With these In the first chapter, Dr. Mer- (Contir:.ued on page 302) iam divides the Indians into five

FACING THE FUTURE IN gestions of things which local Living Issues in China. By Henry T. Hodgkin. Pub. by Missionary Edu- INDIAN MISSIONS- church groups may do for In- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.00; pa- dians near at hand and methods per, 60 cents. Continued of helping those on the reserva- tions by assisting in the sale of This is the sort of book one and therefore more stimulating, articles made by them. There is might expect from a secretary throughout a distinct emphasis of the National Christian Counis to work with them." on the value of Indian arts and cil of China. It is not a recital crafts and the earnest desire of missionary successes to per- Following this comes a dis- that all of the best things of suade the American c h u r c h their culture be preserved. member that missionary work is cussion of "The Need for Mu- worthwhile after all. It is a sur- -MAY HUSTON vey of the situation in the large, tual Understanding" with chap- a facing of the most urgent WORKING FOR A NEW problems of the Kingdom of God ters on Health and Education, in China. It treats in turn cre- CHINA-Continued ating a new state system, edu- Making a Living, Family and cating the vast Chinese popula- words Mary Brewster Hollister tion, reconstructing social life, Community Life, showing ways ends her introduction to this providing adequate economic year's mission study book. His support, r a i sin g the physical by which the Government forces Hand must indeed have touched standard, securing right inter- the author for the breath of national relationships, comparand the missionaries may co- Spring blows through all her ing Chinese religions and Chris- writing. tianity, promoting the growth operate. The very fact that the of the Christian Church. Mrs. Hollister was born in new administration of Indian China and "We could almost say It is simply assumed that the she was a missionary in China Christian Church of the West is Affairs in the Government has from birth until two years ago." responsible for understanding She brings to her work the best these issues and helping to meet recently brought into the service touchstone for any book-the them. Therefore the difficulties love of her subject. are frankly considered, together so many men and women of out- with matters open to difference The author's theme is Chinese of opinion. The person who standing ability, indicates a new women and their part in the cre- wants to know nothing more ative, constructive work that is about missions than how much day for the American Indian. going on in China in spite of good a dollar will do, will nat- war and famine. Fortunately, urally be disappointed in this These. appointments have been "L a d y Fourth Daughter of book. Those who wish to get a China" is not a mere text book view of the situation as seen by because of experience and train- but has in it a fine store of in- a broadminded, progressive mis- formation for leaders and speak- sionary leader who has served ing and their ability to under- ers on Chinese subjects. With as a missionary on the field, a rare skill the writer has used ex- board secretary in Great Bristand and apply the science of quisite illustrations from Chi- tain, and a head of the National nese literature, history and, Christian Council of China, will human relationships. above all, the dear women she find it a challenge to thought, has known, so that they are no faith, and effort. In Part II, Dr. Hinman traces longer strangers living in a far country, but our friends and the work of pioneers in the es- neighbors. One of the charming stories in the book is of a poor tablishing of Christian missions among Indians. Realizing the need of better living conditions among these people, they did what they could to alleviate suf- fering, encourage calneadnleisnteasbs~ supply better homes lish schools and c h u r c h e s.

Through the Christian message, many I n d ian families have found joy and peace as well as better homes, cleaner bodies and minds free from superstition, and have become leaders of their own people.

Now that the Government has begun to meet the physical and educational needs more ade- quately and is offering a chance for religious education training III the schools, the missionary has a better opportunity for old Chinese woman left desolate The strength of the book is in spiritual work than ever before. in her old age. its breadth and balance of treat- The cooperation of denomina- "But aren't you ever lonely or ment and the fundamental chartions in placing religious educa- afraid?" she was asked by Mrs. acter of the problems dealt with, tion directors in a number of Hollister. rather than in wealth of illustra- government schools is welcomed "Gold and jewel s," she tion or impressionistic style. In and is offering a training great- crooned to the inquirer, a radi- connection with each topic the ly needed by the students. Nu- ant certainty in her face, "Jesus' liabilities as well as the assets merous illustrations of the influ- people are never lonely or afraid. are frankly considered, together ence and helpfulness of mission- . God makes company with us." with practical suggestions for aries of the various denomina- Whoever t a k e s up "Lady Christian cooperation. tional boards are given showing Fourth Daughter of China" will There is a good bibliography. that the Indian field has many find that "God keeps company For those who use the book in hopeful and rewarding features. with them" every step of the discussion groups a leader's The book gives practical sug- way. -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ manual is prepared, suggesting

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

methods for groups willing to race as a whole as it exists to- realize that they and young Chiwork and also for those from day, in our midst yet at the same nese Christians are facing towhom little outside preparation time anomalously sidetracked or gether the same essential prob- inconsequently trailing behind. lems of life in the modern world can be expected. Our responsibility tow a r d and sharing the same aspira- -T. H. P. SAILER them, how to understand them tions. It is one of those books- AN EXPRESSION OF YOUNG and the i r peculiar problems, of which, happily, there is an in- their native aesthetic and spirit- creasing n u m b e r nowadays- INDIANS ual gifts and the contribution that will make its young readers Indian Americans. By Winifred Hul- these can be to us, this book say, not, "How strange the y bert. Pub. by Missionary Education shows in a way to stir us all to are!" or "What queer customs Movement and Council of Women for Home Missions. Cloth, $1.00; appropriate attitude and action. they have!" but "They are meet- paper, 60 cents. If we overlook the Indians or re- ing the sam e difficulties we Here is a book that removes gard them as a subject suffi- meet" or "They are asking the from the realm of the taken-for- ciently well taken care of, we ig- same questions we ask." It is a granted while only half under- nore a whole area of interest at book for youth by youth. Each stood and largely neglected, a our door. "Indian Americans" of its seven chapters is written subject which has long burned gives us the key to understand- by an outstanding Chi n e s e for due attention and apprecia- ing and cooperation. Christian who is especially qual- tion, that of the aboriginal na- -OLIVE RICHARDS ified by training and experience tives of our country, the "red to handle the particular theme men," the American Indians, or, CHINESE YOUTH ON ITS assigned him. The general edi- tor, Dr. William Hung, is Proas the author fitly terms them, WAY TO LEADERSHIP fessor of History at Yenching Indian Americans. Too Ion g Ling Yang. By Ethel T. Thompson. University, Peiping, and has have these our first fellow coun- Pub. by Central Committee on the trymen been looked upon by United Study of Foreign Missions. lived in America, not only as a most of us as a picturesque fea- Board, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. student but also as exchange ture of the land, subdued and A fascinating story of a boy professor at Harvard. harmless but alien to ourselves of new China and his sister. The In an introductory chapter and properly placed in schools story begins with a dragon race that summarizes skilfully the and reservations of their own. and moves on into the exciting present trends in China and ex- Or else we have accepted them life of a boy and girl in New plains the plan of the book, he as one with ourselves, an assimi- China. says: lated citizenry h a v i n g equal Some of the 0 u t s tan din g "The several chapters of this rights and privileges and so to events are: a school athletic book represent an attempt to debe dis m iss e d from further meet; a trip up the river by junk scribe certain important phases thought. and wheelbarrow; encounter of this chaotic life (of China to- Winifred Hulbert, the author with bandits and rescue; first day) and to indicate the direcof the present boo k, after contact with the Jesus-people; tions which the struggle in months of travel and association the coming of the missionary thought is taking. Outside of a m 0 n g them and those who doctor into Ling Yang's home; China there are also young peoknow them best, with intensive the opening of the new hospital; ple who dream the dreams that critical and sympathetic study the dragon parade. challenge reality. The y may of them, presents them in a new The story closes with Ling wonder how their fellow-dreamlight so striking in its interest Yang starting off to prepare to ers are faring in China. . . . and challenge that it addresses take his place in training for We have picked out six major itself to all of us who wish to be "New China." "I wonder how social relationships in the life of reasonably right in our thinking well I can learn to live and teach China's young men and young concerning them. Intended spe- the Christian way. No other women-the family, the school, cifically for young people, the way is good enough for New the vocation, the nation, the book undertakes to interpret the China." world, and religion-and have race in its present-day status The book has been illustrated tried to tell how in each of them from the point of view of the by a young Chinese artist, who the old and new forces and ideas young Indians, their ambitions, has also drawn the very attrac- are in conflict." their problems, their possibili- tive cover design of the dragon The distinguished aut h 0 r s ties, but involved as they neces- race. whose chapters Dr. Hung has sarily are with the difficulties -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ thus brought together have been and disadvantages of their racial As It Looks to Young China. Edited extraordinarily successful in heritage and tradition on the by William Hung. Pub. by Mis- presenting their respective sub- one side, and on the other side sionary Education Movement. Cloth, – jects vividly and con c ret ely their relations with a dominant $1.00; paper, 60 cents. through the stories of individ- race, our own. It succeeds in Here is a book that will help uals and through illustrations giving a telling picture of the young American Christians to drawn from personal experi-

ence. The result is a book that Three Arrows: The Young Buffalo primary children the attractive is unusually effective not only Hunter. By E. Ryerson Young. Pub. little volume, "Chinese Children for study but also for general by Missionary Education Movement of Woodcutters' Lane" by Prisreading. The closing appeal to and Council of Women for Home cilla Holton, which contains the American Christian youth to en- Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 adventures of a little Chinese ter into deeper fellowship with cents. girl and her small brother. And their Chinese Christian brethren the course for Juniors will not and to work with them in the For years we have been clam- be complete without rea din g great future tasks of the King- oring for a good home mission "Ling Yang." dom of God in China forms one book of the adventure type to apof the most stirring messages peal to boys. "Three Arrows: A "Picture Map" of China that has come out of China in The Young Buffalo Hunter," ex- filled with interesting symbols recent years. actly fills the bill. I tried it on and pictures together with the one boy who became so interest- "Teaching Pictures on China," For leaders of young people's ed that extreme pressure was "Chinese Snap Shots" (picture groups a course on China, based necessary to persuade him to sheet) and "Paper Dolls" will primarily upon the material pre- quit reading and go to bed and prove valuable source material sented in the above book, has when his father arose the next for all teachers. been prepared by Miss Ruth Isa- morning he found the son awake bel Seabury. It is entitled, "In- ahead of him and rea din g, Many Moons Ago and Now. By Kathtroducing Young China." Price, "Three Arrows" in bed. It is a arine Gladfelter. Children of the 50 cents. tale of Indian missions in the Great Spirit. By Florence C. Means early days with enough thrills to and Frances Somers Riggs. Pub. -FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL satisfy the most avid reader of by Missionary Education Movement wild adventures. and Council of Women for Home FOR BOYS AND GIRLS Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 Manuals. cents.

The Young Revolutionist. By Pearl For the leaders of intermedi- Indians never fail to be an in- S. Buck. Pub. by Missionary Edu- ate groups there will be two ex- teresting topic of study and in- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.50; pa- cellent manuals, "Youth and vestigation to children. Two per, 75 cents. Revolution in China" by Alfred helpful course books have been D. Heininger, formerly a mis- prepared for leaders of children, Intermediates are particularly sionary in China, and "Friend- "Many Moons Ago and Now" fortunate this year because two ship Fires" by Winifred Hul- for Juniors, deals with three of the most interesting mission- bert, author of "Indian Ameri- main divisions of Indian life in ary books ever to be published cans." These are to be used in are provided for their use. As connection with the two reading the United States-e a s t ern far as I can remember we have books mentioned above. woodlands, pIa ins, and the never before had any kind of Southwest. This book contains missionary book written by the -GILBERT Q. LESOURD suggested procedures together most popular author of the day. with source materials, sugges- This year we have it in "The New Joy. By Carolyn Sewall and Young Revolutionist" by Mrs. Charlotte Chambers Jones. Off to tions for worship, manual work, Pearl S. Buck, whose novel, China. By Helen Furman Sweet service enterprises and other ac- "The Good Earth," has been a and Mabel Garrett Wagner. Pub. tivities. The material is so arbest seller for over an entire by Missionary Education Movement. ranged that the leader may use year. No other novel has had Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. it in its entirety or any portion such a record for many years. With China claiming so much of it which she may desire. "The Young Revolutionist" is attention in the headlines of our "Children of the Great Spirit" a great book, just as well writ- newspapers these days, leaders ten as the author's larger vol- will especially weI com e the for Primaries deals with seven umes and equally compelling in timely appearance of stu d y different Indian tribes – Iroits interest. It is a tale of mod- books and story books on this quois, Sioux, Seminole, Hopi, ern Chinese youth torn by the great country. "New Joy" and Navajo, Mono, Tlingit. The instrife between the old and the "Off to China" are the study new, aflame with patriotism, books for Junior and Primary troduction and each of the seven blindly devoted to ideals only g r 0 ups, respectively. These chapters are full of valuable half understood, groping hun- books give suggested procedures suggestions, source materials grily for a religious faith and and source materials and are eagerly helping to build a new rich in suggestions for worship, and activities. As an aid in China. Adults will like it as manual work, service enter- teaching the course, leaders will well as intermediates and all prises and other activities. The wish to secure the "Teaching who read it will gain a new un- stories in each book were writ- Pictures on the American Inderstanding of Chinese youth ten in China and are colorful dian," "North American Inand an appreciation of the value and interesting. To accompany dians" (picture sheet), "Indians of Christian missions. the course book the leader will of the Sou t h w est" (picture wish to put in the hands of her sheet), "Picture Map of North America" with special "Ameri- can Indian Insert Sheet."

-HAZEL V. ORTON

* .Ca

Our W orld;vvide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Current Events -.." WI'

JAPAN-CHOSEN The villagers desired to buy it in cooperated with religious teach- but could not raise the money., ers in making the curricula of T,he Antidote to Materialism They consulted together and value.

The Japanese minister of edu- finally decided to sell the girls of The Kingdom of God program cation has addressed a commun- the village, 57 of their own ication to the Christian mission- daughters, into the vice system is also establishing Gospel night aries in w hie h he declares: schools in Tokyo and other "Hitherto the policy of our min- in order to secure the desired cities. One visited recently had istry has been too materialistic, enrolled 168 men and women of and this had led to the regretta- land. This is almost unthink- twenty different professions for ble result of a decline in public able in 20th Century Japan, and and private morality, a revival the pity of it is that there has three nights a week for three of communism, and even in the months. The course of study inlast few years of a pronounced been no public outcry about the cluded the following subjects: matter. This shows that public The life of Christ, Old and New opinion is still asleep on this Testament studies, theology, the matter.

anarchistic spirit.. We must In October thirteen girls in relation of science and religion, from now onward spiritualize the Matsushima licensed quarter sociology and social service, muour educational system. For in Osaka went on hunger strike, tual aid and cooperation, com- this purpose the cooperation of demanding more humane treat- parative religions, church pol- religious educational institu·· ment. They appealed to the icy, Sunday school methods, tions seems to us absolutely nec- Osaka Branch of the Proletariat methods of evangelism, music essary, and we consequently Woman's Association and filed and the fine arts of religion, etc. make an urgent appeal for your their requests for freedom from help." this degrading life. Against the Child Recognizes the God-Like Mild Inoculation spirit of the times the Osaka police refused and sent them "In Osaka, at the Tennoji '·Some in America," says Miss back to their owners. Edith Curtis of Osaka, "believe Kindergarten, a lit tie g i r I honestly that offering Christian- One keeper in Osaka died in whose mother had a violent temity to other peoples is an in- November and, by his will, freed per said to her on returning fringement of their racial and from kindergarten, 'Mother, you the seven inmates of his house national rights. I wonder," she cancelling the Y7000 which they are not God. Father is not God. adds, "if they realize what other still owed him. But my teacher is just the same religions have done, or have not as God. At home, when I am done, for people and how by de- All-Japan Christian Conference naughty, you scold me, and even strike me, but teacher only grees non-Christians are seeing the peace and joy that comes in- An all-Japan Christian con- smiles and puts her arm around ference is to be held in the au- me, and that makes me want to to the lives of those who know tumn of 1932 to re-appraise the be good.' Another child in the Jesus Christ." "Is America in- situation which the Christian oculated so thoroughly," as E. churches are facing in the Em- same kindergarten was in the pire, and also to formulate a Stanley Jones says, "with a mild follow-up program when the habit of wearing a c h arm form of Christianity that the present three year campaign of around her neck, as many Japreal thing won't take 7" Some the Kingdom of God Movement anese children do, to protect her comes to a close in December, of the missionaries fear the in- 1932. from sickness or evil spirits. The teacher had been telling the oculation has proceeded danger- story of Moses and the golden ously far. calf, explaining the difference Wholesale Prostitution Reasons for Encouragement between bowing down to images While some girls are being and praying to an unseen God who can really hear our prayers freed from slavery in Japanese More than 50 ,peasant Gospel and answer them. That night brothels others are being fed schools have been successfully when she was undressing she into the system. A distressing conducted during the past year. took off the charm, saying, 'I story comes from Yamagata and a half throughout Japan. don't need to wear this any Prefecture. A block of public Agricultural, social and religi- more. God is going to take care land had been opened for culti~ ous instruction is given in these of me.' "

vation and put on the market. rural schools, and officials have -Genevieve Davis Olds.

[305]

A Christian Dentist School Association, writes the made rapid progress during this Five or six years ago a young Daily Vacation Bible School at period. Three churches – the dentist's ass i s tan t in Kobe, Changsyeng began late, expect- United Brethren, the Congrega- Japan, was baptized in the Kobe ing to continue only one week. tionalist and the Presbyterian- Union Church, established pri- The children were so greatly have gone together to form the marily for the foreign commu- interested that they begged for United Evangelical Church of nity. He was suffering from tu- another week, and the principal the Philippine Islands. The of the day school was asked if it moderator of this new church is b e r cuI 0 sis, but his illness would be possible to defer the a Filipino. The Methodist Episbrought him to God, and then opening of the public school. copal Church has recently ap- God gave him back health. He This the non-Christian principal proved a program outlined by identified himself with a church the resident bishop for a tenand threw himself into its work. of a non-Christian school nat- year development with funds Having become a qualified den- urally declined, but so many of tist, he borrowed money for the pupils enrolled in the Sum- and personnel from abroad, folequipment, opened an office and mer Bible School and "cried so lowed by another ten-year period achieved success. He is now the much" that the teachers decided in which both missionaries and chief financial supporter of his to extend the vacation for one grants-in-aid will be entirely week and the Daily Vacation church, a teacher in the Sunday Bible School resumed its session withdrawn. The Disciples of school, frequently fills the pul- for the second week. Christ, facing serious deficits in pit, and makes a deep spiritual their missionary budget in the impression on all who meet him. -The Presbyterian. United States, have decided to He asked the municipal au- Work Among Chinese in Chosen withdraw almost entirely durthorities for a permit to preach ing the present year. Their mis- With the help and under the on Sunday afternoons in the auspices of the six missions con- sionaries bel i eve that their park, and for years has preached stituting the Federal Council of churches have progressed suffifrom one to four o'clock Sunday ciently to enable them to become afternoons, whenever the weath- Protestant Missions in Korea, entirely indigenous. er and his own health permitted. He has made himself a thorough an executive committee of that -E. K. Higdon. organization has the definite ob- Bible scholar, and incidentally jective of giving the Gospel to Methodists in the Philippines every Chinese in Chosen. The has learned to read his New last census showed 91,466 Chi- A Ten Year Plan for the Phil- Testament in Greek and his Old ippine Islands is proposed by the Testament in Hebrew. His home nese in Chosen, but more recent Methodist Church, comprising a is a gathering place for the evacuations have probably cut program of spiritual progress. young men of the church and The plan provides for the erecneighborhood. the number in half. They in- tion of churches and student clude business men, members of centers in strategic locations; -The Christian Observer. the consular service, mechanics and farmers, scattered so widely for keeping a staff of nine mis- sionary families regularly on The Gospel and Unemployment that much expense is involved for itinerating. Christian Ko- During the past year unem- reans assist in every way pos- the field; also for cooperation ployment has brought distress sible, and prove their interest by with the Presbyterian, Disciples, to some 250,000 in Tokyo. The attending the meetings. Itin- United Brethren, and Congre- Baptist Tabernacle has endeav- gational Missions in securing an ored to demonstrate intelligibly erancies have covered nearly all adequate endowment for the what the Gospel stands for in the towns and villages on and Union Theological Seminary, daily life. With funds supplied near the railway and some of Manila. It is believed that an by both Japanese and foreign- the bus lines, with the result that 1,141 Chinese and 112 Ko- investment of 400,000 pesos ers, tents were erected on the reans have expressed themselves from American friends of the ground of the Fukagawa Chris- as desirous of becoming believ- Philippines would call out gifts tian Center; floors were con- ers, or of knowing more of the from the Filipinos of 1,000,000 structed and stoves provided; Christian religion. pesos during the next ten years.

and from December first until Bishop Lee believes that an May first 6,504 frev lodgings ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC indigenous, self-supporting and and 13,008 free meals were sup- self-directing Church may be Self-Determination in the plied to the unemployed. One well begun within this period of Philippines thousand t w.o hundred and ten years.

twenty-five different men were. Within the last ten years, two For Lepers at Culion helped. Twice a week special of the outstanding denomina- Gospel meetings were held. tions in the Philippines have The work for lepers in the gone on record officially as fav- Crying for Bible School oring Filipino aspirations for Philippine Archipelago is being political self-determination. The carried on by four agencies: Dr. J. G. Holdcroft, General Filipinization of the church has Secretarr of the Korea Sunday 1. The g 0 vel' n men t as- sumes responsibility for all lep-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ers and is endeavoring to seg- sion to prevent or lessen evils God and the Depression gregate them in the leper colony that come from the manufac- A call to prayer sent forth to at Culion. The population there ture, sale and use of intoxicants. Christian p e 0 pIe throughout is approximately 6,000. It is not a question of state Canada and the United States by 2. The Leonard Wood Memo- rights or personal rights and a group of business and profesrial is organized to study leprosy preference any more than is the scientifically, and has at its dis- sional men of Alberta, Canada, posal the sum of $2,000,000, traffic in narcotics and firearms. declares that there is no natural given in the United States. Its It is a question of the protection explanation for the pre sen t purpose is the eradication of leprosy. It is concerned merely of the weak, and the greatest "astounding" world-wide buswith the scientific study of lep- good for the greatest number. iness depression. They assume rosy and its prevention or cure. their share of responsibility and No part of its funds is available To learn facts about prohibition for lepers. and the liquor traffic it will be guilt for the depression in not worthwhile to procure a recent recognizing the existence or 3. The American Mission to copy of the "Quiz Book" from claims of God or His power to help. the Anti-Saloon League, Wester- ville, Ohio. This document has five divi- Lepers supports a missionary in Better Than a Brewery sions : a list of the facts, i.e.

Culion and helps the lepers in unemployment, overproduction, other ways. The owner of a large, now un- universal impotence in finding used, prewery became interested 4. The Philippine Anti-Lep- in the Goodwill Industries that the solution. Then follows the rosy Society was organized a help to furnish employment to few years ago to help the leper needy people of Terre Haute, In- assertion that divine displeasure patients. A careful and thor- diana, and donated the bricks is alone responsible for the situough survey was made two years from his brewery to build a new ation : next, confession that ago and revealed an appalling twenty-five thousand dollar comcondition with regard to former munity house and a three-story business men have conducted aflepers who left the colony and Goodwill industrial plant. The fairs as if profits were their sole tried to rehabilitate themselves. city of Terre Haute paid its un- objective, and have not loved Often they found, after years of employed artisans and laborers their neighbors as themselves; residence in the colony, that all to raze the old structure and that God's existence is not recogtheir family had died or were erect the new community house, nized. A day of prayer and scattered. They were feared, which was dedicated on January fasting is suggested, and finally and unable to obtain work. The the promise to do whatever is necessary to show their repent- ance and their obedience to God.

Anti-Leprosy 'S 0 c i e t y helps 28 by Bishop Edgar Blake of the Canvass Brings Results these discharged patients to find Methodist Episcopal Church. An new footholds. enlarged Goodwill Industries St. Louis church members had plant was also dedicated in Pitts- a revelation in the survey and NORTH AMERICA burgh by Bishop Herbert Welch. visitation evangelistic appeal of 85 white and 26 color e d The Goodwill methods provide churches, directed by Dr. A. Youth and Prohibition work for the handicapped and Earl Kernahan of Washington, While certain forces are agi- unemployed instead of pauper- D. C. Approximately 5,000 tating a repeal of the Prohibi- izing them. Social leaders are awoke to their responsibility, tion Amendment and a poll is urging the development of such and undertook a house-to-house being made to discover public work instead of giving a dole to visitation, with personal appeal sentiment, hundreds of young the unemployed. During the to non-church folk. The survey men and women attended the past four years the Goodwill In- covered 576,125 white persons 25th Biennial Convention of the dustries in sixty cities of the and 41,689 colored. Tabulation Anti-Saloon League held at United States have paid out $5,- of the findings for w hit e Washington, D. C., from the 544,241 in opportunity wages to churches showed 111,791 per- 15th to the 19th of January. In handicapped and unfortunate sons of all ages not attending place of the old slogan, "The people, and $1,902,420 in service Sunday schools, and 72,651 Saloon must go," the new tem- wages-a total of $7,446,661. white persons who have been perance battle cry is, "The Boot- Discarded materials collected members of or prefer Protestant legger must go." The old con- from many sources provided $9,- churches. At the end of the first flict was to take the saloon out 357,294 of the $11,697,060 re- week of personal evangelistic of politics and out of the com- quired to carryon the total appeal, 5,521 persons had given munity; the new fight is to take work. These industries have also their names for church memberbootlegging out of commerce greatly stimulated the morale ship. and the hip flask out of social among the unemployed through· life. Temperance and total ab- daily chapel services, churches of Italian Pastors Answer Pope stinence are personal moral Goodwill, rescue missions, and The Italian ministers of evanquestions; prohibition is a gov- personal work in Goodwill work- gelical faith in New York and vicinity, on January 4, adopted ernmental and patriotic provi- rooms, stores, and homes.

a paper commenting upon the coal regions. The mild winter, conducted in the poorer sections Papal Encyclical, Lux Veritatis, the competition of oil, electricity of the city and these have aided appealing for the return of the and water power have dealt a greatly in the fight against ma- separated Christian bodies to blow to the coal industry. laria. The majority of the staff the Church of Rome. They crit- The great problem lying back is Dominican. icize the Pope's manner of ap- of the immediate emergency is At Cap Haitien proaching the subject of church that of finding some new field of union, and call upon him to labor for these people, who are Rev. A. Groves Wood, Baptist "convene a true Ecumenical largely of American stock. missionary in Haiti, reports a band of about 30 thoroughly con- Council, to which all Christian Indian Mission Fire bodies will be represented and verted believers preparing for freedom of discussion permitted The United Lutheran Mission house at Rocky Boy Indian Mis- baptism in Cap Haitien. Servto all, so as to promote the de- sion, Montana, was completely ices are so well attended that sired reunion of all Christian destroyed on Sunday morning, many have only standing room. March 6th, during the Sunday churches on the fundamental po- school hour. Fortunately no New converts must face persesition of the Bible." cution; three have been turned -Christian Advocate. out of their homes because of Jerry McAuley Cremorne lives were .lost. The building their faith, but in each case a Mission housed industrial work and Christian home has opened to re- products, young people's activi- ceive them. Cap Haitien is re- For fifty continuous years the ties, Missionary Society and part puted to be the hardest town to of the Sunday school. It must win in Haiti. Jerry McAuley Cremorne Mis- be replaced at the earliest date sion, founded by the Apostle to so as not to jeopardize the work Bi-centennial in Virgin Islands the Lost whose name it bears, Special services were held on has been ministering twenty- w h i chis done successfully four hours a day to the spiritual the island of St. Thomas in the and bodily needs of the needy in among 600 Cree and Cherokee week beginning April 1st, in Indians.

the Tenderloin of New York. Move Toward Union commemoration of the 200th Today the electric sign over its anniversary of Moravian mis- door, "Jesus Saves," is working A plan for the union of the sionary work. It was in that through the love of God to trans- Presbyterian Church in the U.S. island that the first missionaries form human derelicts into self- A. and the United Presbyterian of the "United Brethren" as supporting, useful members of Church of North America has they were called, began their society, reuniting families and been completed and will be pre- work. Each congregation of saving souls to bear personal sented at the two general assem- Moravians throughout the world testimony to God's goodness. blies. The plan specifies that in has written a letter to the con- Through its superintendent and the event of union the name of greg.ation in the island of St. his assistants, and through the the church shall be the Presby- Thomas. Moravians have always prayers and financial support of terian Church of America. It planned their work on an interfriends, discouraged and some- looks forward to 1934 as the national scale, and their work is times desperate men have found year for the consummation. an inspiration to other societies. food, shelter, Christian friend- There will be further opporship, and, greater stilI, the saving friendship of Jesus Christ. LATIN AMERICA tunity later in the year for Mo- ravians in other countries to The Mission's fiftieth anni- Health Work in Santo Domingo celebrate wit h thanksgiving versary was celebrated March 6- 17 with appropriate services The new building of the Hos- these 200 years, but it is fitting each night. pital Internacional was opened that the first notes of thanksgiv- in Santo Domingo on February ing should be heard from the Save the Children 16th. The president, Mrs. M. island of St. Thomas. An organization known as the Katharine Bennett, officially rep- resented the Board for Christian Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil International Save the Children Work in Santo Domingo, under In the effort to spread the Fund has been organized, with whose auspices the hospital is Gospel over a large area in headquarters at 156 Fifth Ave., operated. The ceremony was at- Brazil and to enter doors closed New York. Its object is the tended by high officials of the na- to evangelical workers, it is care of children in the stricken tional and city government, and planned to pub lis h a little mining districts of America and . was an outstanding event in the monthly paper called Light and to help secure funds for work life of the city. This institution Life. It will be advertised in among children in other lands. is recognized as the leader in its the Bahia dailies that this paper At present the Fund is endeav- field and maintains the only will be sent free to anyone for a oring to provide clothing and training school for nurses in the period of six months. Some of medical aid for at least 20,000 republic and the only baby the fields are so large that the destitute children in Kentucky clinic. Regular clinics have been missionaries can only visit some

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

points once a year. Light and Mennonite Central Committee school in Valparaiso. Some of Life will be sent to these isolat- will superintend the coloniza- the teachers have been educated ed places in an endeavor to con- tion. in mission schools and never serve the gains and awaken in- have received the State certifiterest in the Gospel during the For most of the refugees, the cates. However, two have gone absence of the missionary. arrival at Paraguay will mark to Normal School to continue the end of a long trek from the their studies, and missionaries A mother and daughter are Volga River, into Manchuria, in are receiving encouraging renow attending the Bahia Church constant fear of recapture by ports. The two young women as a result of newspaper evan- Soviet patrols. Various relief and a third, who was once a stugelism. There are many in Bra- agencies have been providing dent at the Central Escuela Popzil hungering for the Bread of food and shelter until arrange- ular, have been called shining Life. Newspaper evangelism ments for permanent settlement sparks. By their honesty and seeks out those searching for the elsewhere could be made. The unselfishness they have succeedtruth and brings them into con- Lutheran contingent will prob- ed in interesting others in Christact with Christ. ably be sent to Brazil, though tianity. The girls con d u c t some hope of permission to enter prayer meetings in their room, Single-Handed Evangelization Australia is still held by the and many students assemble to American Lutheran authorities. listen. Dr. Tucker of the American Smaller groups belonging to Bible Society's Agency in Brazil other denominations will throw Bible Burning in Bolivia tells of a Gospel work carried in their lot with either the Menon for 30 years· by a man from nonites or the Lutherans. Mr. Charles H. Larson, mis- Toronto, Mr. Perrin Smith. -The Christian Intelligencer. sionary of the Bolivian Indian Without help from any church Mission, writes: or society and, realizing what New Interest in Peru property he possessed, set out "Last November brought two alone to the heart of the state of The Rev. Harry Strachan, missionary priests to Capinota Maranhao. Soon he was engaged passing over Peru with the help to hold a mission and to prepare in an intensive evangelization of of an aeroplane, has brought the way for the bishop, who a great area calling for long and such a message from God that came a week later. arduous journeys on horseback Christian sowers and reapers over difficult and little known have been able to rejoice to- "The priests told the people trails. Everywhere the message gether. Dr. Montano, of Lima, t hat Protestant missionaries was given-in farmsteads, vil- tells how the meetings conducted were the most immoral and imlages and towns, and nearly al- by Mr. Strachan produced the becile of folks, and that all who ways in the open air, as still is effect upon the city that they had were deceived by us would turn his custom. His labors have hoped and prayed for but which out the same. A great effort was been so abundant and so blessed had been hindered by the out- made to collect the 'bad Protthat now he can make journeys break of revolution. estant literature' to burn (Bibles of many weeks' duration, yet and New Testaments considered every night rest in the house of Dr. Montano writes: "The the worst of all). They got about some believer. At present, he is church was filled, the people fifty New Testaments from folks supporting several native work- listening with rapt attention as who went to confession. ers by selling milk and honey in is seldom seen, and apparently the city of Barra where he is so hungry for the Word. The last "When the bishop came they respected as to have been offered meeting of the series was mar- made a bonfire of all this literathe post of mayor, which offer vellous. Of the three hundred ture. The bishop also told the he declined. and fifty people present, almost people afterwards that they -The Sunday School Times. all remained, and many indicat- ought to bring in their firewood ed their desire to know Christ and burn the Protestant mis- Refugees Bound for Paraguay and follow Him. At the close sionaries as well." we gave out two hundred and The first contingent of the 1,- ten Testaments of the Million -The Moody Monthly. 700 or 1,800 Christian refugees Testament Cam p a i g n. The from Russia left their tempo- outcome of these services has EUROPE rary haven at Harbin, Manchu- been a most valuable impulse to ria, early in February. Three our work." Evangelicals in Spain hundred Mennonites sailed from Shanghai for Marseilles in Feb- -South America. Evangelical Spaniards welruary and these two groups will comed with rejoicing the estabbe transported to Argentina, Teachers in Chile lishment of the Republic. It thence to Paraguay, where the represented the purification of refugees will settle. The Nan- The new law which permits national life. It means a spiritsen Refugee Commission is ar- only te.achers with State certifi- ual liberation of Evangelicals, ranging transportation and the cates to teach in Chile has affect- giving the full right to worship ed the Central Escuela Popular, according to our conscience. . . . a Presbyterian Mission .girls' Weare pleased that the first president of the Republic is a

man of religious faith and has liens is pastor, has opened a The Gossner Mission Society, invoked divine guidance, repair- new outstation at Boulogne-sur- organized in 1836, works excluing privately to the church to Seine, and a book shop is in full sively in India. It has 7 misrender his vows. swing. Cheering reports come sionaries, 885 native helpers, from West Africa, Normandy, 119,922 converts, 5,106 proba- The new Spanish constitution Brittany, Fontenay and the tioners, 5,419 male and 1,730 feis superior to many that are in Paris "Black Zone," where this male students. force among nations considered church supports w 0 r k e r s. among the most advanced. With- Through the Gospel Sky-Sign The Leipzig Mission Society, out falling into extremes it has Mission, i I I u min ate d texts, organized in 1836, has its fields solved problems which, like that flashed from the roof of the Tab- in India, East Africa (Tanganof the separation of Church and ernacle, are read daily by hun- yika). It reports 55 mission- State, have taken thirty years to dreds of people. Large numbers aries, 640 native helpers, 31,764 solve in other countries and of unconverted people attend the converts, 3,155 probationers, which are yet to be solved, as in service, and last year thirty- 11,163 male and 6,798 female the Argentine Republic. An two converts, mostly ex-Roman- students. Italian paper says, "Spain teach- ists, were baptized. es." The new constitution has The Hermannsburg Missionsolved the religious problem, giv- German Evangelical Missions ary Society was organized in ing just and fair solutions, ap- 1849. It works in Natal, Transproving the freedom of worship, A survey of the eight oldest vaal and Abyssinia. It has 108 the secularization of.the ceme- G e r man missionary societies missionaries, 254 native helpers, teries, the respect for the con- gives the following summary: 105,495 converts, 1,001 probascience of soldiers and marines, tioners, 5,080 male and 7,309 feand civil marriage. All these are Moravian Mission, which is male students. questions which the Spanish celebrating its 200th anniver- Evangelical Alliance and all sary this year, 62 missionaries, Hungarian Christian Students Spanish Protestants had written 540 native h e I per s, 38,576 on their banner. heathen converts, 1,824 proba- The winter conference of the tioners, 8,388 male and 7,699 fe- Hungarian Student Christian -Espana Evangelica. male pupils. It works in East Movement this year coincided and West Africa and Nyasaland. with the 25th anniversary of the Turning from Marx to God founding of the movement. The The Basel Mission Society, or- significance of this movement in An American correspondent ganized in 1918, has 192 mis- developing permanent Christian of The Presbyterian Banner in sionaries and 1,894 native help- leadership is proved by the thou- Falkenstein, Saxony, writes: ers in China, Borneo, India, the sands of its former members "Prayers go up from the back Gold Coast and Cameroun. It now in positions of authority room of the textile factory. The reports a total of 65,596 heath- and influence throughout Czechworkers are praying for help. en converts, 7,259 probationers, oslovakia. Prayers go up from the prayer 27,706 male and 7,127 female halls on a dozen corners of pupils. Learning from Russia Falkenstein. The jobless of 'Red' Falkenstein are on their The Berlin Mission Society, Nobody has ever called me a knees. 'Red' Falkenstein has organized in 1824, is at work in Bolshevik, or accused me of too turned from Marx to God. In China, South Africa and East great sympathy with the Rusthe midst of the 'hardest winter Africa. It reports 166 mission- sian Soviets; yet I confess to in 100 years,' this community of aries, 1,797 native helpers, 89,- real admiration for the Moscow 15,000 souls has a higher per- 927 converts, 3,087 probationers, Government on some counts. In centage of unemployment and of 24,827 male and 17,945 female certain particulars it has shown misery than any other in Ger- more sense, more strategy and many. It seems likely that in all students. more statesmanship, than any its troubled post-war history other government or organiza- Germany can present no more The Rhenish Mission Society, tion on earth. The Russians are impressive proof of popular be- organized in 1828, is working miles ahead of the Church with wilderment than the 'flight to principally in Cape Colony, respect to one of the Church's religion' in one-time revolution- South and West Africa, Suma- own particular problems. ary Falkenstein." Is anyone tra, Nias, Mentawei, China. It moved to brand this as supersti- reports 270 missionaries, 1,404 Upon the subject of youth tion? We would rather cast in native helpers, 435,236 converts, training they have seen straight our lot with these Germans and 20,782 probationers, 35,396 male and acted sanely. To them it their faith than with the philoso- and 14,603 female students. has been clear from the first, phy of materialistic atheism. and of uppermost importance, The Bremen Mission Society, that they must prepare a new Pastor Sailliens in Paris organized in 1836, is at work in generation of Russians if they English and French Togo and are to make their experiment a The Paris Tabernacle Church, the Gold Coast. It has 14 mis- success. So from the cradle to of which Pastor Reuben SaiI- sionaries, 269 native helpers, maturity, they have drilled the 30,518 converts, and 7,505 stu- dents.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

young people intensively in the the formation of a Medical Mis- brought white ministers, while principles and practice of Bol- sionary Association, representa- by truck, by bicycle, or wearily shevism-thus creating a rather tive of all the churches, the ob- trudging along on foot came the ominous situation for religion jects of which would be: native representatives. One eland for world order. der, a delegate to Presbytery, 1. To coordinate the work of who is also an important govern- -William T. Ellis, LL. D. medical missions with a view to ment headman, came in his per- ensuring their distribution in sonally-owned Ford truck driven AFRICA the most needy areas. The first by a native chauffeur; bicycles step towards this would be a were common among the native "The Tireless Missionary" medical survey of the country to brethren. Not many years ago ascertain the population, preva- the white II!-en all rode bicycles, On the edge of the worst slum lence of disease, and existing fa- and the natIves were all on foot. in Cairo, a quarter with the rep- cilities for medical treatment in utation of having the largest various areas. There were present at this criminal population and the meeting of Presbytery at Mchighest infant mortality in the 2. To educate public opinion Lean Station in Cameroun, West city, the missionaries of the as to the need for medical mis- Africa, 39 ordained ministers of Church Missionary Society have sion work, and especially to im- whom 17 were missionaries. a bulletin board at the mission press upon the government and Probably 45 of the 50 churches entrance. On this board they the Provincial authorities the were represented by elders; post a large Bible picture, value of the work being done, while 30 licentiates and local changed each week, and call it and to obtain increased facilities evangelists were also present. "the missionary who never gets for such work. tired." There is a printed ex- These men gathered on the planation of the picture in Ara- -South African Outlook. benches in the Lolodorf church. bic. The picture has never been From whence have they come? torn or stolen, and all day long Adopting Babies From Batanga on the coast to little groups gather and gaze at 400 miles inland almost to the it while one of their number The McBurney Orphanage at eastern border of Cameroun reads the explanation. Elat recently reported 69 or- and 200 miles from Bafia on th~ phan babies under their care. north to the border of Spanish A book is usually mentioned, There are also 60 childless fam- Guinea on the south, and then which people are invited to come ilies waiting for babies to adopt. on along the Spanish Guinea into the mission and buy. The They cannot just say "give me coastline for another 150 miles. missionaries observe a cycle of a baby"; they must present a prayer, including a day when written application telling of A fine group of men are the the work of providing literature their wish and Christian expe- native ministers and licentiates. is especially remembered. The rience. Unless they are church They show evidence of their edufirst day when the work was so members they cannot have a cation and training in the alert remembered was the first day child. Their church session or look and frank countenance. A that anyone came in to buy one of the missionaries must well-dressed Bulu minister from books. Two Moslems were the also recommend the couple. The Bafia is stationed among a tribe first customers. foster mother must also spend famous for their scantiness of two months at the orphanage apparel. The native minister, Really good religious pictures, caring for the child she wishes, long in charge of the Efulan especially in the large sizes, are under the supervision of matron church, in his earlier experience of great use in dealing with pa- and nurses. She is also visited dwelt among cannibals. The tients in hospitals who cannot as frequently as possible after white-mustachioed elder of the read, and also for Bible women the child leaves to see that all Corisco church traveled 150 who take them about for teach- is going well. As far as possi- miles in an open surf-boat on the ing in people's homes. ble the babies are returned to ocean, and then 70 miles by mo- their own tribe and have been tor .to attend this meeting. Medical Mission Cooperation sent to the homes of masons, car- penters, chauffeurs, teachers Christians "Turn Malay" A great deal of discussion is and evangelists-the latter pretaking place as to the best means dominating. Never are the ba- The Pilot, official organ of of providing medical services bies forgotten in prayer when Cape Town Diocese, states that for natives in rural areas. In the nurses meet for morning many Christian men and women the South African Medical Jour- worship. are lapsing into Mohammedannal Dr. A. W. Burton strongly ism. Not infrequently men "turn advocates "coordinating all serv- A Picturesque Presbytery Malay" to marry Moslem girls. ices in the interests of the na- In one parish a confirmation tives at the mission centers al- On that warm, mid-December class of forty girls was asked to ready established" and adds that day strangers were passing over hold hands up if they knew any "at such centers medical serv- every road leading to the mis- Christian girls who had gone ices could with much advantage sion station. Fords, Chevrolets, over to Islam; practically every be added." In view of this in- Chryslers and mot 0 r c y c I e s terest, the time is opportune for

hand went up. The reason why of Jerusalem and has been sent to Persia in 1926 as a short-time the Moslem is stronger for Islam to the pro-Arabian Committee volunteer teacher in Stuart Methan the Christian is for Christ, for consideration. It is recom- morial College. He acquired a the article suggests, is a want of mended that this conference be working knowledge of Persian teaching among the colored peo- under the chairmanship of a and spent his spare time in ple, where the lapses take place. neutral person, upon whom both evangelizing the Persian vil- Church people are not suffi- sides and also the English Gov- lages. During the bitter winter ciently grounded in their re- ernment could agree; that Pales- in Isfahan, day after day he ran ligion, and too much is taken for tine be divided into separate ad- a soup kitchen in the poorest granted. There is great need for ministrative districts; that Jew- part of the city. His evangelisthe constant instruction of sim- ish interests be concentrated in tic tours carried him into remote ple church people living in Mos- one of these districts, to be called mountain districts where he was lem districts, on the imperative "National Home for :fews"; that in peril of robbers. Once he was duty of standing fast in the the Jewish district be part of the arrested and kept a prisoner for faith, and on the falsity of the Palestinian State and be subject a week, which time he devoted religion of Islam, so that they to the Palestinian Constitution; to evangelizing the soldiers may know how to give a reason that the constitution assure full guarding him. It was an experifor the faith that is in them. autonomy for the Jewish popula- ence in all kinds of hardships- tion, but only with regard to intense cold, intense heat, ver- -South African Outlook. inner Jewish affairs; that it also min, short rations, and much guarantee to the Jews a due par- else. WESTERN ASIA ticipation in the general govern- ment of the land. It is also pro- His devotion cost his life, and Near East Christian Council posed that inhabitants of the he has passed on after an attack Jewish District be given a time of typhus. In his clear mo- The chief factor in the deci- to emigrate to other districts if ments he was much concerned sion to organize the Near East they wish. Both sides are to about the police of Isfahan. He Christian Council was the Mos- have the privilege of appeal to used sometimes to ride down the lem problem. In order to more the League of Nations against main avenue of the town on his effectively and rapidly evangel- any decision of the Tribunal. bicycle without a lamp, so that ize the 77,000,000 Moslems of the policeman who would stop the Near East, it was seen that -Alliance Weekly. him might hear about Jesus. closer cooperation was essential "Nurse," he cried in delirium, among the hundred societies, Mohammedanism in Cyprus "do you know the police have with their 2,000 missionaries at only one quilt and no charcoal work in that field. Accordingly, Mohammedanism too kits and it is so cold!" and he threw the C 0 u n c i I was definitely start in Cyprus when the island his own eiderdown quilt off the launched in 1927, and about was conquered by the Osmans in bed. His last prayer was a 50 % of the mission workers are 1571. There are 65,000 Turks thanksgiving to God for the now in its fellowship. who belong to the Sunnite-Hani- friendship of Jesus. fites. The Order of the Mewlewi The influence of the Central has a dervish convent in Niko- Bishop Linton writes: "We Literature Committee for Mos- sia, which is ruled by a hered- praise God for Clifford Harris lems extends far beyond the itary sheik. There are three who gave his life for village Near East; in fact, wherever Turkish dailies. A Mohamme- evangelism in Persia and for the missionaries work among Mo- dean-Christian con g r e gation hammedans, its literature may there is very small and station- poor of Persia." be used. Other Committees are ary in its development. The -Sunday School Times. on Christian Education; on Mis- island is provided with literasions and Governments; on Jew- ture by the students of a religi- INDIA AND BURMA ish work-it is thought by some ous seminary in Athens conductthat christianized Jews make ed by Prof. Levonian. So far Influence of Books the best missionaries to Mos- there have been circulated 2,050 lems; and another on Relations copies of the Scriptures and A reading room in Nasik City to Ancient Oriental Churches. A there was a great demand for is doing a useful work. For sixth Committee is very impor- literature in the new alphabet some months there has not been tant, that on Evangelism. The based on the Latin. An Ar- seating room for those who Rev. Robert P. Wilder, D.D., is menian pastor reports that he come. Time was when trouble General Secretary of this Coun- has visited 622 villages of the making persons used to snatch cil. island and preached unhindered. from readers' hands books on the Christian religion, and give Palestinian Jews and Arabs A Volunteer in Persia them instead other books to read. Once a Brahman student A round-table conference of Clifford Harris, educated in protested: "Mr. Gandhi and Jews and Arabians to consider the "Blue Coat School," London, other leaders have decided to orpoints by which these two peo- and at King's College, went out der their conduct by the teachples could work together, has ing of the Lord Jesus Christ. the approval of the Grand Mufti They have given an uplift to all

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

India. Mr. Gandhi himself has little personal luggage and a pile their children to the schools ato b s e r v e d Christ's teaching: of Gospels. On the first journey tended by children of caste 'Love your enemies; if anyone he met an educated gentleman, Hindus. But with the Baroda smite thee on the one cheek, of- who seemed to be interested. Government standing firm, refer to him the other also,' and "But after all, what is the es- sentment cannot hold out in so doing has given India an sence of the true religion ?" against an increasingly enlightexcellent example. Under his asked the gentleman. "Is it not ened public opinion. own supervision Bible teaching sufficient for one to obey one's is given in Ahmedabad ColJege. conscience?" "T rue religion," Pandita Ramabai Hostel So if there is such good teach- answered the student, "is that Wilson College, Bombay, has ing in the Bible, why should we which brings a man freedom and completed a scheme whereby not read it?" From then on no lifts him out of the mire of sin." twenty Indian women students further trouble occurred. "I confess that I am not a re- are provided with hostel facili- -C. M. S. Outlook. ligious man," con tin u e d the ties in the new building named stranger. "I have to work hard the Pandita Ramabai Hostel. Shock Troops Not Shaken to earn my living and support When the American Ramabai The North India Methodist my family. Some day I hope to Association was dissolved a few Conference ref use s to give have time to study the subject years ago, it transferred its ground. When its appropria- of religion. I believe in getting fund of a lakh of rupees to Wil- tion was cut 9,000 rupees this salvation from my own religion son College for this purpose, and year, its best known member, E. which I have inherited from my gave a further sum of Rs, 20,- Stanley Jones, offered to make fathers." 000; Wilson College authorities up one third of this amount, "But have you studied the supplied the balance, and the each missionary family agreed Bible?" asked the student. "Have Church of Scotland Mission the to give 45 rupees each month for you a copy?" site.

one year and the Conference "Yes, I have a copy," was the American Aid in Dornakal voted a 10% cut on all salaries answer. "It was given me oy the Bible Society when I grad- Since March 1, 1930, the Anabove 45 rupees a month. -Christian Advocate. uated .at Calcutta. But I have glican Church in India has been not read it much." a free and independent branch Gandhi Exhorts India Christians He promised to read the book of the Anglican Communion; no Just before his arrest, Mahat- and the two men parted. longer the Church of England in ma Gandhi issued the following -W. E. H. Organ in The Stu- India, but the Church of India, message to Indian Christians: dent Outlook. Burma, and Ceylon; free to for- I trust that in the struggle on Schools for "Untouchables" mulate its own Constitution, Canons, and order of service. It which the country is about to embark One of India's most difficult has before it the task of giving Indian Christians who tender their problems is that of the "un- a characteristically national inloyalty to the one whom they call the touchables," involving social, terpretation to Christianity. Prince of Peace will not be behind economic and religious ramifica- The Episcopal Church is now to any community in the struggle which tions. The Round Table Con- cooperate, and missionary work is essentially based on peace. I suggest that service in the national strug- gle is an infinitely greater safeguard ference gave prominence to the will be commenced in the Dio- question and many Christian cese of Dornakal, which for for the protection of a minority that missionaries have been working has rendered such service than any for years upon the problem. A many years has had vigorous paper security. mass movements. During the I would like to lay stress .on .khad- dar (homespun cloth) and prohibition. solution seems to have been be- last decade the average increase gun in a recent decision in the in church membership has been … r hope that every Christian home Baroda State, abolishing special schools for "untouchable" chil- over 7,000. In point of memberwill be adorned by the installation of ship the diocese is the largest in the spinning wheel and every Chris- tian .body with khaddar spun and woven by the hands of our poor coun- dren, and opening the govern- India, yet vast tracts are still trymen and countrywomen. ment primary schools to these untouched by any evangelistic children. This has caused some agency. I have never understood how a resentment among Hindu vil- Christian can take intoxicating drink. The particular field that has Did not Jesus say to Satan when he went to seduce Him, "Get thee behind lagers, resulting in oppression; been offered to the Episcopal me, Satan"? Is not intoxicating drink Satan incarnate? How can a Chris- crops of "untouchables" have Church lies in the Hyderabad tian serve both Satan and Christ? State, an Indian Native State. been destroyed, kerosene poured A ·Pilgrim with the Gospel into their wells and one social Eventually, it will be called upon worker was stoned. In some to share in the activities of the A student in the Central Prov- villages caste people withdraw whole diocese. There is also inces decided to spend part of their children from the schools scope for inaugurating and de- ·his long vacation bearing wit- and in others there is a move to veloping the educational, medi- ness for his Lord. He set out on get the "untouchables" to give cal and economic activities of a journey, partly by train and a written statement to the effect the Church.

partly on foot, carrying a very that they are unwilling to send -Spirit of Missions.

Lutheran Advances added the other thirty-seven per J esse Lee Corley on behalf of the cent because the work was al- World's Sunday School Associa- The Board of Foreign Mis- ready planned and workers em- tion. Dr. Corley was in China sions of the United Lutheran ployed, but this situation cannot from October, 1930, to Septem- Church reports that the Andhra be met another year. Our writ- ber, 1931 as chairman of the Evangelical Lutheran Church ing of retrenchment does not deputation of five that made the in India, in its annual conven- mean that we are willing to re- survey. Twenty-seven centers tion last fall,' ordained twenty- trench without making a sac- were visited, four t r a i n i n g three native Indian men to the rifice ourselves, and we are al- schools held and two national Christian ministry. This is the ready giving for support of work gatherings. first class to be ordained since that seems urgently necessary the Andhra Evangelical Luther- no less than $3,000." The National Committee for an Church was reorganized. It Christian Religious Education was also decided by the Board CHINA AND MANCHURIA in China was formed as the that no person appointed to in- Committee on Religious Educadependent charge of work un- Manchuria or Manchoukuo? tion for the National Christian der the General Work Commit- Council. Dr. C. S. Miao and tee in India shall be permitted On February 26, the new Rev. Ronald Rees are the gento stand for any elective govern- State of Manchuria was named eral secretaries of the new commental office during the next "Manchoukuo." – The w 0 r d mittee. twelve months, except by ap- "M a n" meaning Manchuria, proval of the General Work "Chou" meaning a large area, Students Turn to Christ Committee. and "kuo," being the generic name for a nation or state. Out of the group of students Burma Observations Changchun was made the capi- in Foochow College, China, who tal, according to a statement is- decided definitely to become Rev. B. C. Case, Baptist work- sued by the "Administrative Christians during the recent viser in Pyinmana, Burma, after a Committee" at Mukden. The it of Sherwood Eddy, 33 have visit to the rural conference at ruler of the country, the state- been received into church mem- Nagpur, India, says: "I have ment continues, shall be called bership and 25 have expressed a had opportunities to observe Chin Cheng, meaning Dictator, des ire for further training. other mission activities, aside and he was provisionally install- Christian schools in China, says from those related to agricul- ed as such until formally initi- Rev. Ralph R. Shrader, have ture. There seems to be a great- ated "by the will of the people, ceased to be "the" Christian er understanding and acceptance according to the constitution to schools and are becoming "our" of the spirit of Christ by edu- be promulgated in the future." Christian schools. Many of the cated Hindus than appears prev- students who were drawn away alent among the educated Bud- A new five-colored flag has from the Church by Commudhists in Burma. The theistic been adopted as the banner of nism, or who were repelled by background may help to make Manchoukuo. The bottom of what seemed to them "ultrathis easier. I heard remarkable yellow, with red, blue, white and conservatism" are now giving statements of the recognition of black bars above. that institution another trial. Christ's uniqueness and adora- "We have led these young peotion of him by Hindus at meet- The name of the new era is ple out of their old ways of ings to celebrate Christmas. Ta Tung, meaning "Great Un- thinking;. they can never go Part of this may be due to the ion," and the temporary Dicta- b a c k. We must see them generations of Christian teach- tor, selected by the Japanese and through," says Mr. Shrader, ing carried on in mission schools under their protection, is Henry who believes that if the Chriso~ the land. . . This trip has Pu-Yi, the former Manchu "Boy tian Church fails to win the alglven me a greater appreciation Emperor" of China. He is a legiance of these young people, of and admiration for India and young man of about twenty-sev- through misunderstanding or its spiritual attainments." en years of age and is without lack of vision, many of the best any governmental experience. and most idealistic will turn to Missionaries Help Reduce Deficit Communism. A body of 2,000 old Kirin In Burma the national teach- troops, as the forces opposing Conflict in Kiangsi ers have decided to give a the dominion in Manchuria are month's salary or more to help known, are operating on the Communist forces govern and carry their schools through this western section of the Chinese devastate large areas in Kiangsi. year.of cut bUdgets. From Miss Eastern Railway. The Japanese In Yuanchow, men and women Lettie Archer, Baptist mission- have established a strong garri- have been ordered to forsake the ary in West China comes the son at Harbin. worship of God and take up the statement: "We receive from Communist cause, and on refus-' the Woman's Foreign Society Religious Education Plans ing to do so many have been but sixty-three per cent of what murdered. In about eight cenwe must use. This year we have "Religious Education in the ters it has been impossible to Chinese Church," is a report which tells of the work of Dr.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

carryon Christian services, but any education and from non- mittee on work for Moslems, generally they courageously con- Christian homes, thronged the through which all missions tinue to meet secretly. The gen- classrooms and overflowed the working among Chinese Moseral impression is that interest yards. The girl teachers were lems might cooperate. Special in the Gospel is greater than swamped and sent out an S 0 S literature and special training ever. to the boys who were itinerat- for the missionaries are re- A new venture in Nanchang ing. The latter responded and quired, and can best be provided is a Gospel message in the ad- hurried in to help the girls take in cooperation. vertisement columns of a local care of this mob of lively, noisy newspaper. The same message and interested children. Oldest Chinese Baptist Church appears every day for a week, The school lasted for four The oldest Chinese Baptist and is changed each Monday weeks and over 180 attended church in the world is located at m 0 r n i n g. Several inquiries faithfully, rain or shine, during Bangkok. It is said to be the have resulted and one inquirer the hottest of the season. The oldest organized Chinese Prothas been definitely converted. youthful teachers showed a fine estant church in the world and Another wrote that he had lost spirit of enthusiastic service. has been meeting in the same all his relatives in bandit trou- place for a hundred years. bles and was in despair and was A special Bible class, held by thinking of becoming a Bud- the pastor, was attended by the A variety of work is carried entire group of eighteen volun- on, including a kindergarten, dhist monk. The first message tarily. The great principles of numbering twenty-one. A colspoke to him, the second seemed Christianitywere expounded and porteur is doing excellent work to be just what he was needing, questions were asked and an- in Chinese and Siamese. About and he wanted to receive liter- a mile away from the old church ature which would tell him more swered. One result is that the a mission has been opened and a of the Gospel. group unanimously dec 1are d school started. their intention 'to join the Chris- -China's Millions. tian groups in their respective An Encouraging Experiment schools and to make friends A Place to Pray In China one of the most diffi- with the Christian leaders there. Over the pulpit of the church cult jobs for the church pastor This experiment gives much en- at Chungju is an electric light is the finding of work for the which burns all night long, so young people of the church. Our couragement for the future of that any persons wishing to East Suburb Church in Tsinan, enter the church to pray may do Shantung, has tackled this prob- the Church and Christianity in lem with good results. so. One of the doors is always China. open. Often before daylight K. K. THOMPSON, Presbyterian Mission, Tsinan.

Eighteen young Chinese con- General Asks for Prayer Christians will come to pray be- fore beginning the duties of the nected with the Church include The Chinese army general in day, as few, if any, of them have thirteen g i r I san d five boys command at Yangchow request- any private places in their ed local Christians to have a homes for prayer. The average who are attending Senior High series of special prayer meet- size of the rooms is 7 x 7 feet Schools in Tsinan, Tungchow ings for China. He attended one and these are often occupied by (Hopei), and in Peiping. Not of the meetings and talked three or four members of the all are baptized members, but plainly about the weakness of family who sleep on the floor. they are all friendly with the the Chinese character, and how C h r is t ian movement. These they did not need to fear Japa- By Families, Not Individuals young people returned last sum- nese airplanes and cannon so mer for their vacations, and the much as their own hearts. The A radical change in method Church leaders decided to ask Rev. E. H. Forster says the has been made by the Episcopal the girls to take up some regular meetings showed a genuine Mission in Changshu. Except in Christian service in a Daily Va- Christian attitude, there was very special instances, single incation Bible School. The boys m u c h earnest prayer that the dividuals are no longer baptized, were organized into a preaching truth might be known, that but it is insisted that whole band under the leadership of one officials of China and Japan families come together, or wait. of the older evangelists to make might act with justice and This is an experiment, but reshort trips into the nearby coun- righteousness, and that the sults for the past three years try towns, where they would sing hands of the League of Nations have justified the attempt. The hymns, preach and hold conver- and a 11 other organizations obvious advantage is that it sations with those interested. working for world peace might makes for stability in Christian be strengthened. belief and practice for each These eighteen students unan- person. There have been in imously agreed to take up these Moslems in China projects. The Daily Vacation Bible School enrollment mounted the past many instances of los- until 280 were registered. These The National Christian Coun- ing members of the Church beboys and girls from the neigh- cil of China has under consider- cause in a family where only borhood, most of them without ation the formation of a com- one member is a Christian,

it is most difficult for him origin, representing the Presby- pected that Buddhism will enact to refuse to take part in the terian, Lutheran, Baptist and a more vigorous propaganda in numerous heathen rites in con- other Protestant denominations. Europe. nection with the worship of There are now branches of the household gods, and ancestors. Alliance in New York, Phila- The Bible for Siberian Exiles For a son to refuse the sacrifices delphia, Pittsburgh, Toronto, due to his father or mother is Chicago, Los Angeles and San The work which the National unthinkable. A Christian son Francisco. In 1925 the Inter- Bible Society of :::lcotland is domay be able to pass this filial national Hebrew Christian Al- ing among Siberian exiles in duty on to one of his non-Chris- liance was organized with head- Manchuria has been more and tian brothers, if he has any. If quarters in London, England. more fruitful. Directors of the not, and the duty falls upon him, Now there are alliances in four- three Russian High Schools at very often his Christian con- teen countries of the world. Sir Harbin provided all the children science is stifled by the pressure Leon Levison, of Edinburgh, an with copies of the Gospels. Siof family and relatives. On the elder of St. George's Church and multaneously complete Bibles death of a Christian member of president of the board of direc- were bought by the Parents' the family its connection with tors of The Life of Faith (the Committees of these schools, and Christianity is ended. organ of the Keswick Move- distributed among the school ment) and The Christian, of children. Thus over 200 copies This method makes for London, is the president of the of the Bible, and over 2,000 Gosstronger roots and a growth that International Alliance. pels were distributed. will continue throughout succeeding generations. The Alliance has a threefold Copies of the Gospels have mission: also been circulated among refu- -Spirit of Missions. gees coming from Soviet Russia. 1. A united Hebrew Chris- Again and again, refugees ex- Stirring Times in Manchuria tian witness to' the Church that claim that the Gospels are of Israel is still beloved of God and more value than food and cloth- We are having stirring times that the Christian has a mis- ing. In spite of Bolshevik athein Manchuria. Until recently we sionary duty to the Jews of the ist assertions that the entire were entirely free from the world. younger generation is godless, troubles which were rending the evidence accumulates that the south asunder. Now it seems 2. It aims to proclaim Christ opposite is true. Both in Rusour turn to know what danger to unbelieving Jewish brethren sia and Siberia are new revivals, and distress mean. We are in and urge the acceptance of Him chiefly among young people. At the very center of the struggle as a personal Saviour. one place in Russia, the secrezone. tary of a Communist Youths' 3. To present a tangible ex- Movement was converted. He Our great concern is for our pression and testimony to the had been a leader in all commu- Christians and the evangelists unbelieving world that the Gos- nistic movements among the who have their wives and chil- pel is as strong today as ever in Youth. Other similar cases are dren and are from North China. the conversion and regeneration recorded. It is all we can do to keep some of Jews. of these quiet. Among One Million Bataks The Hebrew Christian Alli- We desire most earnestly that ance Quarterly, is published in Dr. Warneck of the Rhenish China may not be crushed, nor Chicago, and is a magazine of Mission in Sumatra states that have any of her possessions exceptional merit. Jacob Peltz the chief problem at present is taken unjustly from her, but we is managing editor. the care of the Christians and feel that the leaders of China es- further extension of the work. pecially need to be taught a les- Growth of Buddhism There are one million Bataks of son in simple justice and hon- whom one-fourth are Christians. esty. China must learn that she The International Buddhist Protestant missions have' two cannot be reckoned as on a plane Union plans to hold a Buddhist energetic opponents, Islam and with other great nations while 'world congress in December, Roman Catholicism. There is foreign life and property are un- 1932. The place of meeting is to urgent need for more European protected. China needs 0 u I' be Siam, if the king of that coun- m iss i onaries. A theological prayers now as never before. try agrees, if not, in Rangoon. school is being started in Java The vice-president of the Maha- for the training of native pas- -{Mrs. J.J Rosalind Go- bodhi Society in London, B. L. tors and workers and all mission forth. Broughton, is at present en- societies in the Dutch East In- gaged in a tour comprising Bur- dies are cooperating. Schools GENERAL ma, Siam, Cambodia, China, and are increasing, but in the land of Japan in order to inaugurate the Bataks thousands are still The Hebrew Christian Al1iance consulates of the International waiting for the Gospel. Buddhist Union. The effort is This organization of Christian being made to get all divisions Jews was founded in 1913, in of Buddhism all over the world Pittsburgh, Pa., by a group of into closer cooperation. It is ex- Christian ministers of Hebrew Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information A. C. Dixon, A Romance of Preach- else, A. C. Dixon was one of the Education Be L eft tot h e ing. By Helen C. Alexander Dixon. greatest preachers of his gener- State?" "The T r a i n in g of 324 pp. $5. Putnam. New York. ation, sound in the faith, and Teachers," "The Education of 1931. tireless in evangelical zeal. Women and Girls," "Missions and Governments." Few non-professional writers Mrs. Dixon has measured up undertake three extended biog- to her task. Although she her- There is no claim for originalraphies in one life time-a dis- self is a Britisher, the chapters ity in the positions taken and tinction achieved by Helen C. on American history in the time defined. The principles stated Alexander Dixon. The life of of the Civil War and reconstruc- are educationally sound. The her father, Richard Cadbury of tion period not only reveal tact chief difficulty, as the authors Birmingham, England, and the and grace but form a worthy point out, lies not in the statelife of her former husband, contribution to the bibliography ment of the principles but in the C h a r I e s M. Alexander, are of American history. She could securing of their practical appliworthy of the splendid recep- write with especial sympathy on cation. But the very exposition tions accorded them. Her third Dr. Dixon's London ministry, of, and the focusing of minds biography, the life of A. C. Dix- and in the delineation of his life upon, such principles will help on, her second husband, is, in as a great international preach- to produce in time a unified miscertain respects, her supreme ef- er she has excelled, showing sionary opinion and allegiance clear insight into the facts and and program, and the Christian fort. forces which made Dr. Dixon an movement in Africa is under ob- The art of the SCUlptor or the able servant of God. ligation to Dr. Oldham and Miss Gibson for this able and timely portrait painter is called upon to L. S. CHAFER. book. reproduce one view of a human face and figure. The biographer The Remaking of Man in Africa. By W. R. WHEELER.

undertakes the stupendous task J. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. of reproducing a life with all its 183 pp. 28 6d. Oxf,ord University Press. 1931. tim e periods, temperaments, Missions in the Bible. By J. B. trials and triumphs. Lawrence, D.D. 186 pp. Baptist In at least three respects the Home Mission Board. Atlanta, Georgia, 1931. biography of Dr. A. C. Dixon This is a study and exposition was no easy task. He was a of the "broad outlines of a pol- Southerner by birth and, living icy of Christian education" in Though published primarily in the time of the Civil War, was Africa. Dr. J. H. Oldham, the for the use of the churches of naturally influenced by the bit- Secretary of the International the Southern Baptist Conven- ter feeling which war invariably Missionary Council, has traveled tion, this handbook for the study engenders; yet in the greater widely through East and South of the missionary teaching of portion of his American minis- Africa, and has intimate knowl- the Scriptures will prove "a try he was a beloved pastor of edge of things African, both friend in need" to pastors, northern churches, evidencing missionary and governmental. teachers and all earnest church the fact that his passions were Miss B. D. Gibson is the Assist- workers in other communions.

heaven-born and his love of ant Secretary of the Council. It is well planned. Beginning souls was universal. Likewise The authors state their pur- with the definition of the mis- Dr. Dixon was international in pose to be "the progressive evo- sionary enterprise as "a divinely service and sympathy at a time lution of a coordinated policy of imposed task," not "an arbitra- when national interests were Christian education, thought out ry self-chosen diversion of reli- uppermost because of the World in the light of the Christian giously-minded individuals," the War. Few could have served meaning of education and the introductory chapter reviews Great Britain with more sym- missionary purpose, and closety the agencies through which the pathy and loyalty than he did as related to the living forces in work is carried forward, and pastor of the Spurgeon Taber- modern Africa." presents the Bible as the mis- nacle in London during those The chapters deal with the sionary charter and source book agonizing years of strife and subjects "Education and the of missionary instruction. Six suffering. But more than all Missionary Pur p 0 s e," "Can chapters r e cor d "Missionary [317] Teachings of the Old and New years right before us if the over- in Africa more constructive and Testaments," "The Mission and whelming challenge on both permanent by the training of Message of Christ," "The Mis- fronts is to be met." The third better helpers; and that he could sionary 1m per a t i v e of the lecture' deals with opposing get away from that somewhat Church," "The Divine Plan of forces and the other two are on patronizing attitude of white Support," and "The Work of the "The Secret of Liberating a toward black for which he sees Holy Spirit in Missions." These Greater Lay Force." no cure. R. E. HOFFMAN.

studies furnish a wealth of ma- In this, as in all of Dr. Mott's terial for sermons, addresses and class discussions. Instruc- books, the style is the man. Zealots of Zion. By Hoffman Birney. There is a great wealth of bio- 12 mo. $3.50. Penn Publishing Co. tion concerning stewardship and graphical illustration, although Philadelphia. 1931. giving is intensely practical, as developed under the following some names of leading Christian Much attention has been atcaptions: Giving; everyone laymen of our generation are tracted to the Mormons within giving; everyone giving every conspicuous by their absence. the last decade. Book after week; everyone giving at least The bibliography contains over book has appeared dealing with a tithe; everyone giving to two hundred titles and makes some phase of their remarkable every Kingdom object! The au- the work invaluable for refer- history. Mr. Birney's volume is thor trenchantly rem ark s : ence. an unusual treatment of an un- "Weekly giving will fuse the im- usual subject. He resists the pulse of stewardship and cast it S. M. Z. usual temptation to play up such into the mould of habit." The colorful personalities as Joseph dynamic of the missionary en- On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Smith, Jr., or Brigham Young. terprise is found in Love, the By Albert Schweitzer. Translated Ignoring the greater lights, he love of Christ shed abroad in from the German by C. T. Campion. gives us an absorbing story of our hearts by the Spirit in eter- 180 pp. $2. Macmillan. New the humbler actors in the develnal, optimistic, victorious Love. York. opment of Brigham's great Mor- mon empire. These men, with The lessons of each chapter In the parable of Dives and their stark zealotry, their crude are brought into relief by ques- Lazarus, which Dr. Schweitzer theology and their blazing fations prepared by Mrs. Una applies directly to us, Caucasi- naticism, march through his Rob e r t s Lawrence, Mission ans represent Dives and Lazarus pages like the actors in a Greek Study Editor of the Home Mis- represents the colored f 0 I k drama. Probably the best part whom we could relieve. Instead of the volume is Mr. Birney's sion Board. BERTHA G. JUDD. we have brought them strong drink and certain diseases, and so are their debtors. "Hence," he treatment of a confessedly diffi- cult mat t e r, the Mountain Liberating the Lay Forces of Chris- says, "I resolved, when already Meadows Massacre. No fairer tianity: The Ayer Lectures for 1931. 30 years old, to study medicine By John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2. and put my ideas to test out there." To pay the expense he statement ever has been put in Macmillan. New York. 1932.

An excellent and timely book used his earnings from organ print and yet it is doubtful if a on a great theme. Dr. Mott concerts and from his book on severer arraignment of the Morstates his argument in the open- Bach. How this remarkable mon priesthood ever was made. ing sentence: "The most vital man, having already attained The author convinces his readand fruitful periods in the his- eminence in music and theology, ers that this slaughter of 120 tory of the Christian Church carried out this deliberate pur- men, women and children was have been those in which laymen pose, the difficulties and ro- the greatest atrocity ever comhave most vividly realized and mance of it all, are drawn in mitted in America. It still remost earnestly sought to dis- startling clearness with a rich mains a bar sinister' upon the charge their responsibility to background of life in the jungle, M 0 r m 0 n system. M 0 r m 0 n propagate the Christian faith. some of the most prevalent dis- writers have not shown re- This fact was impressively il- eases, problems of mission or- straint in presenting the i r lustrated in the days of the early ganization and the results of be- claims as to the "fruits of coming Christians in the life of Mormonism," but one wonders Christians. " whether they will not need to The first lecture is a historical the people. sketch of the contribution made Dr. Schweitzer is still the pitch their claims a little lower by laymen to the Christian master musician in this Sym- in view of such an irresistible Church in its world program phony, with its theme of a life arraignment. A. J. M.

down the centuries and in every abandoned to the relief of huland. The second lecture is a man need, in the "Fellowship of The Moral Crisis in Christianity. By strong pie a for augmenting those who bear the mark of Justin Wroe Nixon. 8 yo. $2.00. these lay forces because of pres- pain" and so can never be free Harper & Bros.. New York. 1931.

ent conditions in the church and again to forget the others who Is Christianity ethically adein the world at large. "A vast- still suffer. quate for such a time as ours? ly greater lay force must be lib- Yet one could wish that he That, Dr. Nixon holds, is the erated, mobilized and used in the were able to make this fine work crucial question for religion to-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day, on the answer to which re- can hope to achieve a unified and acter. Khama was the last of ligion's hold on future genera- harmonious society. But this re- the great Kafir kings who were tions will chiefly depend. In the sult, Dr. Nixon contends, can be at once supreme ruler, supreme midst of acute economic distress, attained only by a profounder court j u d g e, commander-in- shifting moral standards, con- and truer view of life than the chief of the army and head of flicting social ideals and a wide- current "humanism" offers; it the treasury. He ruled with his spread secularistic temper, can requires as its basis the insight brain rather than with bat- Christianity give positive guid- into reality that is found in talions, though he was a power- ance? Dr. Nixon answers in the Jesus Christ. S. M. CAVERT. ful and skillful general.

affirmative, but in no spirit of Khama practically compelled easy complacency. He discrimi- The Rural Mission of the Church in his people to accept Christianity natingly analyzes present condi- Eastern Asia. By Kenyon L. But- and introduced a communistic tions, both in the world at large terfield, Foreword by John R. Mott. system of trading. We see him and also in organized religion, Pamphlet. International Missionary never ignoring the gravity of Council. New York. 1931. here grow from a "naked head the situation or clinging to any boy into a circumcised savage, a superficial optimism. Dr. Butterfield has rendered a skilled lion hunter, a desert valuable service to the mission- -dreamer, a baptized Christian, a This volume is the first series ary cause through his visits to rebel against his father's stern of lectures on the new Walter India and eastern Asia. His ex- Rauschenbusch Foundation at perience, good judgment, genial rule, a hater of tobacco and al- Colgate-Rochester D i v i nit y personality and spiritual aims cohol, a politician outwitting School. The lecturer is a former enabled him to look deeply into Paul Kruger and Cecil Rhodes; pupil, friend and colleague of rural problems and to suggest a top hatted diplomat winning Dr. Rauschenbusch, later be- solutions that have already born the protection of Queen Victoria came his successor in the profes- fruit. In this report Dr. Butter- and Joseph Chamberlain in the sorial chair and is now a field gives the results of his face of powerful opposition; a preacher in Rochester. We may visits to Japan, Korea, China, military conqueror of many wisely look to him for a discern- the Philippines and Siam. We ing interpretation of what has need to realize the importance of tribes, a taker of tribute in catbeen taking place in Christian the vast but neglected rural tle, slave girls and ivory; a pilthought and life during the fields. Every missionary or ad- lager of kraals; an autocrat, quarter of a century since the ministrator of mission work gentleman and philosopherappearance of Rauschenbusch's among rural populations should this strange mixture was born epochal treatise on "Christianity carefully study these findings in 1828 and died in 1923 at the and the Social Crisis." and recommendations. No pow- age of ninety-four still grasping er, other than the Spirit of God, the scepter of authority." Frankly recognizing that "so- can bring life to these neglected areas but by human instrumen- It is a remarkable historycial Christianity" is now in well worth reading and shows something like an eclipse, Dr. what strength lies in African character.

Nixon finds the major explanaJ tality this Spirit is brought into tion in two things. One is the touch with men. tendency of some to treat Chris- The Lutheran Hour. By Prof. Walter A. Maier, Ph.D. 8 vo. 324 pp.

tianity as a religion of escape Khama, King of Bamangwato. By $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. from the real problems of life in- Julian Mockford. Illus. 8 Vo. 322 Louis. 1931.

stead of a means for world pp. lOs. 6d. Jonathan Cape The r a d i 0 has e nab led transformation. The other is London. 1931. speakers to send messages to the tendency to reduce "social One of the most remarkable hundreds of tho usa n d s of Christianity" to a program of chiefs of South Central Africa listeners simultaneously though external reform rather than a was Khama, the friend of Liv- they are thousands of miles means of expressing a positive ingstone, who ruled his country apart. It is a near approach to philosophy of life grounded in with a strong hand, acted as ar- omnipresence. The Spirit of deep convictions. In his own bitrator in disputes, established God speaking through a human thinking, Dr. Nixon arrives at a schools, abolished witchcraft voice, heard but not seen, may synthesis of the personal and the and polygamy, and went to Lon- influence millions of lives. The social aspects of Christianity by don to plead with Queen Victoria Lutheran Layman's League has showing that the real issue is to maintain a protectorate over rendered a wide service over whether it has a redemptive his kingdom and to help him thirty-six stations in providing quality that can produce a new keep out strong drink. His the addresses by Dr. Walter A.

type of personality and through character was strong, though not Maier, Professor of Old Testa- it a new type of social life. ·If, faultless, his career was pictur:- ment in the Concordia Theo- as the author shows, the individ- esque and powerful. This story logical Seminary at St. Louis.

ual can find through Christ and of the great chief is a valuable The thirty-six half hour sermons His teachings an inner unity and history of his country and a well are clear, practical and biblical, peace in his own soul, then we balanced portrayal of his char- taking up such subjects as

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN A LOCAL CHURCH

Blinded Morals, Truth from the Chicago Theological Semin- urrection, also, has meaning for Heaven, The Folly of Atheism, ary by the President profess to Prophecy, C rea t ion, Faith, give five pathways for the per- us only on the spiritual level. Purity, Modern Marriage, Im- plexed seeker in a Godless age mortality, Christ's Coming, The That the body of Jesus should be Use of the Sword, The New to the realization of the presence Birth and God's Solution for of God. Through nature, science, brought back from the tomb, re- Youth's Problems. These radio humanity, worship, and through sermons resulted in conversions, Jesus Christ the perplexed soul animated, and given a brief adrestorations to Christian faith, may find the way back. While renewed church memberships the book contains many excel- ditional physical existence for a and Bible study. Reports of lent thoughts the pathway to the these results have come from presence of God is entirely omit- few days among his followers, such widely scattered points as ted-namely, through the Holy Quebec and Mississippi, Cali- Word and the Holy Spirit. The helps us not at all. Indeed it fornia and Massachusetts. author frankly disavows his be- lief in the Virgin birth and the only troubles us. It raises far The Pacific. By Stanley Rogers. II: resurrection of the bod y of lustrated by the Author. 8 vo. 254 Jesus. He says: "And so the res- more questions than it satisfies. pp. $2.75. Crowell. New York. 1931. The only resurrection we are in- This volume, with drawings terested in is a continued spiritby the author, only skims the surface. It is not a narrative of ual presence-a discovery that personal conversations or experiences; it is not a study of there was something about Jesus the people or the geology, fauna and flora, for the author has that was unextinguishable." We never traversed the ocean and islands of which he writes from think that Dr. Palmer "raises a window overlooking the London River. He gives a rapid sur- more questions than he satisvey of the Pacific, its islands and discoveries; tells something of fies." S. M. Z. how the islands were formed; recounts stories of w h a I e s, Whither sharks and other fish and ex- Chinese Youth Today plains the importance of the Pacific and of the Panama Canal. Read the Graphic Story He tells some thrilling tales of shipwrecks and p ira t e s, but A YOUNG REVOLUTIONIST seems never to have heard of the adventures and achievements of BY PEARL S. BUCK the Christian missionaries. He speaks of the New Hebrides but The Author shows the Sdme knowledge of the Chinese dnd the Sdme literdry omits all mention of John G. skill displdyed in "Good Edrth." But this new narrative reveals the influence Paton; mentions Pitcairn Island of Christian Missions. She portrays the modern Chinese youth torn by strife and the crew of the "Bounty" between the old and new, aflame with patriotism, blindly devoted to ideals but does not know how the de- only half understood, groping for a religious fdith and eagerly helping to build generate mutineers were trans- a new China. formed into Bible-loving Christians; he tells of the Hawaiian DO YOU WANT TO RI:AD THIS BOOK? Islands but not of their remark- HI:RI: IS AN UNUSUAL OFFI:R-GOOD UNTIL JUNI: 1st: able regeneration. It is the same with Fij i, Caroline and Marshall A One Year's Subscription to the Review … $2.50} B h f Islands and Samoa. He scarcely A Young Revo Iutl·onl.st. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 SoAtY or $2.50 mentions Papua. It is an inter- — 1: • . .75 esting but very inc 0 m pIe t e $3.25 scrapbook on the Pacific. If You Wish the Book in Cloth Add 50 Cents Paths to the Presence of God. By Al- bert W. Palmer, D. D. 105 pp. ——–F—I–L—L_ .. -O._-U—-T—–_C._.O__ ."U.. -P-_.O_–N-_._.–B—I–:_L..O…W. __….A…N…D_-_._-R—I-:–T–U—_R._N——-A-._T- ….O…N—_C.. I: $1.00. The Pilgrim Press. Boston, Mass. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Ddte ……….. .

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Books Obituary Notes Bishop and Mrs. Brenton T

of the Methodist Board, have returned The Advance Guard. 200 Years of The Rev. Dr. Melancthon G. G. to America. Bishop Badley expects Moravian Missions, 1732-1932. 95 Scherer, Secretary of the United Lu- to give a series of missionary ad- pp. Is. Moravian Book Room. theran Church in America, died in dresses. London. New York City on March 9th. He was born in Catawba County, North *** The Miraj Medical Mission. Sir Will- Carolina, March 16, 1861, and from iam J. Wanless. $1.50. Revell. 1914 to 1918 was president of the The Rev. John Ritchie is at work New York. United Synod of the Evangelical Lu- again in Lima, having accepted the theran Church. He was an able the- charge of the Upper Andes Agency of Do You Remember Sinclair Steven- ologian, an excellent counselor, de- the American Bible Society. Mr. son? Margaret Stevenson. Illus. voted leader, and a staunch friend. Ritchie has been spending a few weeks 257 pp. 6s. Blackwell. Oxford. in London. Miss Harriet Riddell, pioneer in Wilbur B. Stover. Pioneer Mission- work among Japanese lepers, died '* * * ary. J. E. Miller. 208 pp. Bret}1- February 3d, in her 77th year. Miss ren Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. Hiddell had completed more than 40 Mr!'1. Robert E. Speer, President of years of service in Japan and was the National Board of the Young I. Lillias Trotter. Lalla Lili, Founder twice decorated by the Japanese gov- Women's Christian Association for of the Algiers Mission Band. ernment. Last year she received a the last twelve years, has retired Blanche A. F. Pigott. Illus. 245 gift from the Empress Dowager, with from office, but will continue on the pp. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. the promise of an annual grant for board of directors. Mrs. Frederic M. London. years to follow. Paist, of Wayne, Pa., the new presi- dent, has been a member of the Na- Doctor Vanderkemp. A. D. Martin. Dr. George M. Fowles, ·from 1!113 tional Board and presiding officer of 2s 6d. 195 pp. Livingston Press, to 1924 the Treasurer of the Board five of the organization's national London. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist conventions. Mrs. Paist is the sister Episcopal Church, died of a heart at- of Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary Journal of Thomas Williams. Mis- tack at his home in New York City of the Interior. sionary in Fiji, 1840-185:3. 2 vols. ·on March 30th. Dr. Fowles was born Illus. 42s. 606 pp. C. C. Hender- fifty-five years ago, was a graduate *** son. Angus & Robertson. Sydney. of Boston University School of The- ology and at the time of his death Dr. W. W. Yen, Chinese Minister at Missions in the Church of the Breth. was President of the Foundation for Washington, is a member of the Prot- reno Their Development and Effect Human Welfare. estant Episcopal Church. Upon the Denomination. Elgin S. Moyer. 301 pp. $2.50. Brethren The Rev. Thomas H. Clough, for *** Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. thirty·seven years a missionary to the Seneca Indians on the Cattaraugus Mr. R. A. Adams, for 25 years sec- Japan. Some Phases of Her Problems Reseryation, Cattaraugus County, N. retary of the Bombay branch of the and Development. Inazo Nitobe. Y., died on March 2, at his home in British and Foreign Bible Society, has 398 pp. 18s. Benn. London. Buffalo. retired from that office. During his reriod of service the Bible distribution International Commission of Enquiry Mr. Clough was in charge of the ill Western India has greatly in- in Liberia. 129 pp. $1.25. League Church of the Good Shepherd and the creased. of Nations. Geneva. Church of the Redeemer on the Seneca Reservation and of St. Andrew's * * ;of! Gold Coast at a Glancl'. Cameron C. Church, Irving, New York. Alleyne. 143 pp. $1. Hunt Print- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of ing Co. New York. He would take no remuneration for The Moslem World, sailed for Europe his services, though his resources on April 15th and expects to return Tribes of the Niger Delta. Their Re- were meager. In his later years he to America July 22nd. He is to give ligions and Customs. P. Amaury became nearly blind and nearly deaf, addresses at the May missionary Talbot. 350 pp. 18s. Sheldon but still continued to perform such meetings in London and has similar Press. London. parts of the service as he could from engagements in Liverpool, Ipswich, memory. Cambridge, York, Scotland, Ireland, Racial Segregation in South Africa. Prance and Germany. In America he An Apneal. W. Aidan Cotton. 158 *** is to address conferences at Massan- pp. 2s 6d. Sheldon Press. London. etta Springs, Grove City, and Stony Personal Items Brook.

(Continued /1'om 2d Cover) IMunshi Ganeshi Lal Brown America. The Story of aNew Prof. Erling Eidem, who has. been I ~ and Son Race. Edwin R. Embree. 311 pp. chosen to succeed the late Archbishop $2.50. Viking Press. New York.· Soderblom, was New Testament pro- I 9 Drummond Road, Agra, India fessor in the University of Lund. The Mexican Immigrant. His Life- Constitutionally, the Archbishop is i. Dealers in story. 288 pp. $5. University of also the president of the Swedish Chicago Press. Chicago. Church Mission. The new archbishop I Indian Curios, Jewelry and long ago published a series of ar- Liberalism in Mexico, 1857·1929. Wil- ticles entitled, "Biblical Missionary , Photographs frid H. Callcott. 410 pp. $5. Stan- Thoughts" in the Svenska Kyrkans ford University Press. Stanford. Missionstidning which attracted wide By Appointment to His Excellency attention. He also took a leading The Governor of United Provinces Mexico. A Study of Two Americas. part in the new translation of the Stuart Chase. 338 pp. $3. Mac- Bible into Swedish. write for prices or millan. New York. Send For Sample 100 Rupee Box *** Haiti Under American Control, 1915· of Interesting Curios 1930. Arthur C. Millspaugh. 253 Dr. J. S. Ryang, general superin-. pp. $2.50. World Peace Founda- tendent of the Korean Methodist They Make Wonderful Gifts tion. Boston. Episcopal Church, will attend Gen- eral Conference at Atlantic City in All Joods carefully Pdcked dnd Porto Rico. A Caribbean Isle. R. J. May. Dr. Ryang is a graduate of shippe prepaid. Van Deusen and E. K. Van Deusen. Vanderbilt University and Yale Di- 342 pp. $3.50. Holt. New York. vinity School. Send pdyment by Postal or Express Order

Christ Known to

The Good News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China Algiers Arabia Java Irak Sumatra Tunis Persia South Africa Syria India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Rev. A. C. Snead Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D. Dr. John H. Raven Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Moslem World, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1932

1932

Student Volunteers at Buffalo An Editorial The Way of Victory in China Walter H. Judd Modern Miracles at Moga Irene Mason Harper Are Mission Boards Worth While Arthur J. Brown

~, THE BOARD OF FOREIG~ !fISSIONS . ~ ",………………..FLORIDA………..""""""'"

For HEALTH .nd WINTER SUN. DEPARTMENT OP' ANNUITIES SHINE-CAMP.of·tJ,e-PALMS on ; LAke·of·BAYS YOUR GIFT NOW A comfortable Cabin Colony. Two hours southwest of St. WILL" BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING Augustinv, on the Ridge. Nine- OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE teen lakes. Christian super- GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FORE1GN vision. Delightful fellowship MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN for young and old. Rates to suit your need. Headquarters of INCOME FOR LIFE the National Camp and Health League and the Gospel Volun- ERNEST F. HALL, SeN'elQry 1,6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK teers of the World. 32nd Season. Illustrated booklet.

ifJ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. .~ GEORGE F. TIBBITTS Found.r end Dlrecto, Keystone Heights, Fla.

THE KIN G'S BUSIN ESS (Th·,::~!:~~rn~~:::·) Dates to Remember WILLIAM P. WHITE~ D.O., Editor February 5-Closing FLORIDA MIS- SIONARY ASSEMBLY at Jacksonville. PASTORS,_TEACHERS, CHURCH L.I Ihe R••d… Sp••k lor Th….lv.. wORKER5- February 8-16-INTERNATIONAL COUN- "I u•• Ih. H.lps .ltot.lh.r In studyl,,! .y S"y CIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chi- Look .t this parti.1 list of contents: School L.non." cago, Illinois. Pm.nl-Dn Fullll••nl 01 Proph.cy "II Is .ound In doclrill••nd I. 8ne In Ib e.pOllllon February 12-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER. World events In the IllIht of Scripture. 01 deep .plrll..llrul…." , Cr_bs fro. Ih. Kln.'s r-bl. February 12-14-National Convention "Ib llllicl.. on proph.cy ar. In.plrln. 10 Ih_ of the LEAGUE OF EVANGELICAL STU- Rich Bible truths by the editor. DENTS, Pittsburgh, Pa. Conlrllt.ted Arllcl•• Iroublou. U…." July 25-31-WORLD SUNDAY SCJlOOL By outstandinlt~hrlstlan leaders. "W. and !het 'Th. Kin.'. Bu.ln…' •••b Iha CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hurl 10 H••rI with OUI Younl R••d… n••d. 01 th. PI_nt day. W. cannot do without 11." Personal Items Interestlns stories with a messase. Inl.,..Uon.1 L.noll Co….ntery "I k••p.1I .y cople.lor r…..nc••"

A thorough treatment of the S. S. Lessons.

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$2 Worth For $11 Misa Anne Seedoltz, of Canton, Ohio, is the newly elected Executive THE BIBLE TODAY, a condensed, popul'!!1 pertinent evangelistic magazine, published by the Secretary of. the Council of Women Natlon.1 Bible Institute, 340 West 55th Street, New York, will b. sent to for Home Missions. After her grad- uation from Western Reserve Uni- You .ad • friend 10, versity, Miu Seesholtz was graduate exchange student in Theology at War- ONE YEAR' FOR ONE DOLLAR burg, Germany; later a teacher in (Resular subscription price 51.00 a year) Canton High School and in Y. W. C. A. work in America and Chipa. In Speci.1 offer from November 15, 1931, to February 29, 1932 1930-31 she was a member of the Fact Finding Commission for China of the DON O. SHELTON, LL.D., Editor Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry.

Some of the notable articles especially written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931-1932 ••• "How 10 Glow • Soul," by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK, P.stor of Free St. Georges, Edlnbursh, President G. Bromley ODUlDl of De- Pauw University, Dr. Frank W. Pad- Scotland. , elford of the/Northern Baptist Board "Lenonl Fr2111 • C.Ii," by W. HOSTE London, Ensland. of Education, Dr. Edward RyDearson "The Man Who Wenl to see What He Could see," by MELVIN 'G. KYLE, president of the Xenia of the Pittsburgh public schools voca- tional department, and Miss Ruth. F. Theological Seminary. " Woodsmall, have recently visited J a~ "1•••ln. Ihe Bible," by AMOS It WELLS, Honorary Editor of the "Christian Endeavor World. pan as members of a commission on Christian Education, similar to the And More Ih.n Fody Other InlPlrlns, Felth·llrenllh.nIIlS M……. one that went to India last year. The American and British members col- A Speci.1 Combin.tion Offer laborated with a group of Christian Japanese educators. THE BIBLE TODAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00 } Both SUS THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …….. : …………….. 2.50 Save 75c (Continued on 8rd CO'IJe'l') Addra. yo., Old… 10 ellher ollce "

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N.me .••••…….••…..••.. · •••.. · ..• ·• ……….. •·•·• ………………. .

Address …••……. : …………..•…………•..••.. ·•··••·•·•·•··• •

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The January REVIEW re- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ceived a warm welcome in all quarters. Its contents and ap- Vol. LV February, 1932 No.2 pearance were highly com- FRONTISPIECE-Map of Arabia…….••..•••…..•..•.•..••.. mended and have already won new friends. Talk it up in your Page church and society. The fol- TOPICS OF THE TIMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . 67 lowing are interesting comments: Students and Missions at Buffalo Power and Co-operation in "I am delighted with the J an- Progress in Persia Home Missions uary REVIEW. We will do the China's Progress Under Difficulty Student Reactions to the Vol- best we can for your fine maga- unteer Convention zine." Lucy W. Peabody.

"Let me congratulate you on LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA… . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 the new January REVIEW. It An Address at the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo by is excellent in every way. I Dr. Walter H. Judd think the contents make it one of the best you have issued." DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST? . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Secretary of the Board of Foreign John McDowell. Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"Your January issue makes a DOCTORING PAGANS OF THE SUDAN. . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 81 splendid appearance. I think By Kenneth G. Fraser, F.R.G.S. the matter is fine and well balanced." Paul deSchweinitz. MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA …………………………. 83 By Irene Mason Harper, a missionary at the Moga School "The format of the January REVIEW is certainly a great WINNING STUDENTS IN MISSION SCHOOLS. . . . . . • . • . • . • . . . •. 88 improvement and ought to be By the Rev. J. H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England very acceptable." ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTH WHILE? . • . . . . . • • . . . • • . . . . • • 91 Jay S. Stowell. By Dr. ArthlH' J. Brown, Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign "I very much like the new Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. form of the REVIEW. We sorely need such a magazine as A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN CHINA ..••.••••.••••…•..•.••. 95 this has proved to be." By the Rev. Robert Hall Glover, M.D., Home Director of the China Inland Mission in North America Katherine A. Silverthorne. PROBLEM OF CHRISTIAN COLLEGES IN INDIA………….. 98 WHAT DO YOU THINK? A recent book review by Ralph B. Nesbitt Do not fail to read the story THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALy ……..••.•………•. 161 of the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo. That gath- By the Rev. W. H. Rainey, F.R.G.S.. Secretary for Western Europe and ering of bright, eager youth had North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society much of the old thrill and was tremendously encouraging. WHY IS ARABIA STILL NEGLECTED?…… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 105 Read also–if you miss all By the Rev. Samuel M. Zw~mer, D.D., Professor of the History of else-the stirring story of what Religion and Christian Missions, Princeton Dr. Walter Judd discovered in his medical adventures among EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ……………………….. 107 bandits and Christians in China. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison CAN YOU BEAT IT? WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN …………••..• 111 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 115 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events We have many stirring pa- OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 127 pers in this number. Do you Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information agree? There are many more to follow-by Prof. Jabavu of Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana South Africa; Prof. Oscar M. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Buck of Drew University; Dr. T. Z. Koo of China; Dr. Robert Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, P&., under Act of March E. Speer; Dr. William R. King 3,1879. on "What Progress in Home Missions"; Dr. John McDowell Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. on "The New Dynamic," Sam 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Higginbottom of India – and others. Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Will You Help to Boost the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUllLISHING CO., INC. REVIEW Circulation? Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT . WM. I. ,CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED STUDENT DELEGATES AT A PLATFORM MEETING IN

WHERE DR. JUDD MET THE BANDITS ON THE MIN RIVER A WARD IN DR. JUDD'S HOSPITAL AT SHAOWU REPRESENTATIVES FROM CHINA AT THE QUADRENNIAL CONVENTION OF THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT. LEFT TO RIGHT. Y . E. HSIAO. SECRETARY OF THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION; DR. T . Z. KOO.

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT FEDERATION ; MISS BOO-YU-YANG. MISS MING-SIN TANG. MISS CHI-YI CHEN; DR. WALTER H. JUDD. MEDICAL MISSIONARY TO CHINA. (SEE ARTICLE ON PAGE 73.) VIVID REMINDERS OF THE RECENT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORW-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1932 T opies of the Times STUDENTS AND MISSIONS AT BUFFALO of the Moslem World, of India, and China, of Africa and Japan and Latin America for Christ A convention of over two thousand enthusias- and His saving Gospel. The spirit of prayer, of tic students representing five hundred educational heart-searching and of sacrifice was impressed on institutions'of the United States and Canada, is a all. Many students volunteered for service abroad thrilling sight. When we consider that these and as one result over 13,000 have actually gone young men and young women are earnest <?hris- out as missionaries to non-Christian people since tians the impression is deepened. Add to thIS the the movement was founded. The effect of these fact that the general dominating purpose of this Christian army of youth is not politics, athletics conventions was also felt in an increased missionor pleasure, but is to discover and put into prac- ary spirit in schools and colleges and in homes and tice the way to make Christ known to others and home churches. The Missionary Education Moveto make His principles dominant in every realm ment and the Laymen's Missionary Movement grew out of them.

of life-then this impression becomes an inspira- Then came the war with its devastating effect tion. and its new challenge to Christianity. The con- The Buffalo Student Volunteer Convention (De- vention at Des Moines in 1918 was a revolt against the old leadership. The five thousand students cember 30 to January 3) was not exclusively a for- who gathered there were not dominated by any eign missionary convention. The watchword of great missionary purpose. Many were ~ot even the movement-"The Evangelization of the World professing Christians. They were more mterestin This Generation"-was conspicuous by its ab- ed in race relations, economic improvement 3;nd sence. But it was a distinctly and thoroughly international peace than in world evangelization Christian convention and its motto: "The Living as such. They demanded student representation Christ in the World of Today" was fulfilled in in the councils and as a result the movement was every feature of the four-day program. reorganized under student control. The I~dian­ apolis Convention, four years later, was bUIlt ?P This twelfth convention was carefully planned on these lines with student directed forums to dISand organized, as usual, but in many respects it cuss the relation of Christ to world problems. was in marked contrast. to some that have pre- No doubt the students were somewhat extreme ceded it. In the first seven Student Volunteer and uninformed but they were thinking and conventions preceding the World War many of the delegates were volunteers for missionary service abroad and most of those who attended were mis- wished to see Christian principles applied to every sionary-minded. They had been prepared through sphere of life-on the campus and in the world at Volunteer Bands and study circles in their colleges large. The Detroit Convention was a step in adto hear direct appeals for missionary service. The vance with much the same spirit and program, addresses were powerful, informational and inspir- but ~ore intelligent, sane and constructive. ational appeals to evangelize the great non-Ch~istian peoples of other lands. It was an educatIOn The recent Buffalo Convention was a further to attend such a convention, with addresses by step forward. The more than two thousand stu- dents were predominantly earnest, intelligent and such older men as Hudson Taylor, Jacob Cham- Christian in character and purpose. In order to berlain, Bishop Thoburn, Horace G. Underwood, attend many students made great sacrifices, with and the then younger leaders John R. Mott, Robert drastic economies in food and carfare.

E. Speer, Samuel M. Zwemer and others. There The convention hall was a barnlike structure were masterly presentations of the supreme need but was made a sanctuary by the Spirit of Christ.

[67]

While there was a notable absence of missionary of Smith College aroused student enthusiasm and banners and slogans and of a map of the world, resulted in an almost unanimous vote for speedy such as were prominent at the early conventions, and drastic government action in favor of dis- the prevailing spirit and theme were represented armament and asking that President Hoover ap- by a simple gilded cross that hung at the center point a student from the United States on the back of the stage. The need of the non-Christian Geneva commission.

world for Christ and His saving Gospel was less With the atmosphere and the decks thus cleared stressed than was the need for the experience the students were more ready to devote their atand expression of the Cross in personal life and tention to the program and progress of missions in all human relationships. This aim was effec- among non-Christian peoples. These were detively emphasized but would have been more dis- scribed by Dr. John R. Mackay of Latin America, tinctly missionary if there had been a more ade- Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia, the Rev. Wm. quate presentation of the needs of the non-Chris- Miller of Persia and Prof. Jabavu, who came 10,- tian peoples and the progress of Christ's program 000 miles to attend the convention. The present throughout the world. needs of the missionary movement were presented Enlisting the Student Mind in a masterly way by Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. James Endicott of Canada and by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Some special features of earlier conventions who gave a stirring address on the convention were lacking or altered at Buffalo. In place of a theme. The real climax was- in the soul-stirring missionary educational exhibit inspiring to World message by Dr. Walter H. Judd who graphically Service, the bookstall at Buffalo was chiefly com- described thrilling experiences in bandit-infested mercial and some books on sale were not even districts of China and who testified to the effec- Christian. The music was not made as vital and tiveness of love as God's way to win men to Himeffective a part of the program as in the days of self. The life aims of many students were the male quartette, though the Westminster changed by that powerful challenge. (This ad- Chorus from Ithaca College rendered beautiful dress will be found in the present number of THE and often inspiring selections. A missionary play, REVIEW.) "Ba Thane," was artistically given to show some The outstanding impressions of this convention of the hardships and disappointments of mission- were, first, the fine Christian character and spirit ary life in Burma. It might have been supple- of the students and, second, the evident earnest- mented to advantage by some scene showing as ness of their purpose to put into operation the vividly the joys that come from triumphant part- teachings and program of Christ in every sphere nership with God in His work. The spectacular and relationship of life. No one could fail to be pageant, depicting the horrors of war and eco- struck by the vast gulf that separated the boister- nomic injustice, appealed to some but the impres- ous and sometimes bibulous merrimakers at the sion made seemed scarcely to warrant the lavish hotel on New Year's Eve and the joyous but seri- expenditure of time, money and effort. ous crowd of Student Volunteers that thronged Twenty-eight round table conferences divided the ballroom of the Statler Hotel for their Watch- the students into groups to discuss topics ranging night Service of praise, prayer and silent conse- all the way from "Social Engineering" to "The cration. The students attended general meetings Gospel which Commands Us." These conferences and conferences with great faithfulness, unde- were under able leadership and were a great im- terred by blizzard weather or blazing theatrical provement over the old forums or discussion signs. Many have returned to their colleges and groups which gave students an opportunity for seminaries determined to awaken greater interest self-expression but usually reached no definite among fellow students in the program of Jesus conclusions. Christ. Is it too much to hope that they will also The program of platform addresses was fortu- be led to form again bands of Student Volunteers nately progressive. After an earnest opening ser- and mission study groups so that they may be- mon by Dr. Ernest F. Tuttle on "God and Man," come as well informed on the work of Jesus Christ the early addresses gave rather depressing pic- and the affairs of the Kingdom of God as they are tures of "The Present World Situation"-as de- on international politics and economic and social scribed by Mr. Kirby Page and Dr. T. Z. Koo- problems? We look forward to the New Year without presenting the remedy. The very able with renewed hope and courage as we consider critical analysis of the missionary enterprise by the consecrated youth who are ready to follow Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University and the and proclaim the way of the Cross, and as we picture of conditions in South Africa by Prof. D. realize the Power of God that is available to trans- D. T. Jabavu were challenging. The a,ppeal for form present ignorance, weakness, selfishness and international disarmament by Prof. Ralph Harlow corruption into Christlike wisdom, power, self-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

sacrifice and purity. May God hasten the day CHINA'S PROGRESS UNDER DIFFICULTY when thousands of the finest of the youth of China's relations with her island neighbor have America will again respond to the call of Christ engrossed universal attention since last Septemto be His ambassadors to their fellow men and ber. The effect of the strained relations with women of every race and nation and when all Japan-often very tense in the past, but now Christians will be intelligent and effective part- strained beyond any previous experience-is twoners with God in the work of transforming every fold, one for evil and one for good. The fear and human enterprise and relationship through the hatred felt in China, especially since 1915, in relapower of the Holy Spirit. tion to Japan, smouldering at times, eruptive at times, have been intensified to the utmost by re- PROGRESS IN PERSIA cent events. These sentiments have found violent expression among China's students, who have come The changes that have taken place in ancient to a realization of their power since 1919, but they Persia are astounding. Many old things passed too often exaggerate. that power and distort the away with the expulsion of the old Shah and life nature of the responsibility which it imposes, thus has taken on a new significance, with new outlook inflicting wounds instead of welfare, and violently and opportunities. Not only has there been ma- pressing mad counsels upon their more experi- terial progress, with the building of roads and the enced rulers. Another evil effect is the very real increase of automobiles and airplane traffic, but threat to world peace through a sympathetic in- enlightenment and greater freedom have come to volvement of other nations in what has been a women and in politics, education and religion. real war in Manchuria though without formal About four years ago the Persian Government declaration.

issued an edict banning the teaching of the Chris- The indirect good effects of China's evil plight, tian religion or the observance of the Christian may, in God's overruling Providence, eventually religion in mission schools and colleges. The prove greater than the evil, whatever may be done, American Presbyterian and the Church of Eng- or left undone, by the sorely harried League of land missions prepared to close their educational Nations. In the midst of the general bitterness work rather than comply. The Ministry of Edu- there has bloomed the beautiful blossom of a long- cation saw new light and forbore to enforce the retarded bud of international Christian love.

edict. Twelve years ago any suggestion in China, even in A recent letter from Persia reports that the Christian gatherings, that any love was due to Government has been endeavoring to regulate the any of the hated nation, was scouted with intense mission schools-not only in the secular subjects reprobation. The Chinese Church refused to send but in religious matters, insisting that the Koran delegates to the World's Sunday School Conven- and related subjects shall be taught in all schools. tion because it was held in Tokio. Last year an This is a step further than that taken by Japan extensive Good-will Tour of Japan was conducted and China. The missionaries in Persia have been by Chinese Christian students who were warmly praying unceasingly that the Ministry of Educa- welcomed in that country; and even at the Man- tion might experience a change of mind and ap- churian crisis in September Chinese and Japan- pealed to the Government against the enforcement ese delegates consented to sit together in Shanghai of this edict. Now our correspondent writes: at the Institute of Pacific Relations. Letters of "Thank God, yesterday we were given the news cordial brotherhood have also passed back and that Christian schools might carryon as before. forth between the National Christian Councils of lt is great to be backed up by prayer in this way. China and Japan, calling for earnest prayer that The thing that grips me is not SO much the result peaceful means of settling all controversy might of prayer in a special crisis but that the ordinary be found. Patriotic visitors from Japan apolo- daily prayer life makes it possible to meet every gized for their own country's method of settling difficulty and makes our work effective." her disputes.

The results of missionary work is not only evi- Again, with an outcome which only the future dent today in Persia in the number of Moslem stu- can reveal, China's accumulation of distresses dents seeking admission to Christian schools but has brought about a cessation of civil strife be- in the remarkable influence of Christian truth on tween Nanking and Canton and plans have been the characters and lives of students and their par- formed for the unification of the country under a ents. There is a real spiritual awakening in Per- coalition government with a smaller military ele- sia today and a readiness on the part of Moslems ment than in th'e past, though with professedly in- to openly confess Christ, in spite of opposition creased inclination to radical policies. The sep- and persecution. This is the time to pray for arate Cantonese Government has been discon- Persia. tinued. Strangely enough, among the first acts

of the new central government was the rescinding of the missionary, the greatest fact of all is that of the proclaimed abolition of all extraterritorial privileges from January 1, 1932. This is the op- the preaching of the Gospel goes on with increasposite of radicalism. Vigorous restraint has also been brought to bear upon the lawlessly radical ing vigor and with results hardly equalled in the students, and has ended their suicidally foolish past and scarcely to be expected in the confused demonstrations. present. COURTNEY H. FENN. The afflictions of civil warfare, flood and other evils which have brought the Chinese to the verge POWER AND CO-OPERATION IN HOME of despair have awakened many of the leaders to MISSIONS a keener realization of the fact that the impotence of her 400,000,000 people to ef£e.ctively oppose a For the first time the Home Missions Council neighbor with one-fourth her number, is due al- and the Women's Council for Home Missions met most entirely, not to the often proclaimed fact in Canada and in its great center of religious acthat "China is a peace-loving nation," but to the tivity, Toronto, January 4-6. Canadian represenlack of leaders who have been ready to subordi- tatives on these councils have sometimes felt that nate personal ambitions to the welfare of the na- the attention given to home missions in the United tion. The great peril of the present national States caused the great problems of Canada to be awakening is the temptation to attribute the chief overlooked. This year there was opportunity to causes of her weakness to the failure to develop a view the important and far-flung work of the military and naval power equal to that of her Canadian churches in the vast area from Labraneighbor. Any final failure of the League of dor to British Columbia and from the United Nations to uphold the various policies, treaties, States border to the Yukon. and compacts for which the League stands, will render certain this most unfortunate misinterpre- The value of the Home Missions Congress, held tation and will lead to an increased devotion of in Washington in December a year ago, was recnational resources to the equipment of her supe- ognized and the studies and findings of that rior numbers with an invincible armament. memorable assembly have been accepted as stand- ards of measurement for the enterprise in the The extraordinary international situation has varied fields there considered. In order that the so overshadowed everything purely domestic as to message of the Congress might be carried to the relegate even China's unparalleled floods to the churches and people in all parts of the country background. Yet nothing has more clearly dem- to arouse them to a sense of the magnitude, imporonstrated China's real progress than the manner tance, and urgency of home mission work, continin which she has accepted this awful calamity as uation conferences were held in various cities and Heaven's punishment for the sins of the people are to be continued through the present year. and their rulers, and has shouldered the chief responsibility for relief and rehabilitation. Though Two outstanding notes of these gatherings were in her wretchedness she has cried for help to bear the emphases on the spiritual dynamic and cothe burden which is too great for her, yet 80 per operation. The opening address of the President, cent of the relief thus far provided has come from Dr. John McDowell, gave the keynote to the first Chinese at home or abroad, and China refuses to of these calls. The vastness of the task, the combe overwhelmed by the appalling disaster. The plexity of the problems faced, and the sense of national relief organization follows the receding human limitation, driven home upon every agency waters, erecting stronger and higher dykes and in this period of financial stringency and of inother conservancy works; the poor people who creasing materialistic pressure, called forth rehave lost all are beginning again with a cheerful peated expressions of the need of stressing the courage. Road-making, street-widening, city-mod- spiritual aspects of home missions and of humble ernizing are going on apace in spite of floods and reliance upon the divine resources. bandits, poverty and war; Christian schools are full to overflowing and with few exceptions are Each year the necessity for cooperation in home preserving their Christian character. The cure mission work has been recognized, but the report of illiteracy through the popular education move- of Dr. William R. King, the general secretary of ment has made great progress; agricultural train- the Home Missions Council, was a revelation of ing and rural reconstruction are taking a strong how closely related the various boards and agenhold on the minds of leaders; industrial develop- cies are in their studies, plans, and service. In ment and regulation occupy a prominent position addition to the joint committees of the Home Misin the program of the central government and of sions Council and the Women's Council for Home great municipalities. And from the point of view Missions on Indians, Negroes, New Americans, etc., there are various enterprises, such as the work at Boulder City and Havana, which are con- ducted under the supervision of the Council.

An important field for cooperative service is

work for the Jews. It was the unanimous view council in the Canadian Government, declared of the Council that in this particular field coopera- that the greatest need of our times is the christion is necessary if any adequate service is to be tianizing of our ecclesiastical relations, of our sorendered. The Administrative Committee was in- cial relations, and of our international relations. structed to take the necessary steps to set up a "Racial prejudice," he said, "is in us all; yet it is department on the "Christian Approach to the as anti-Christian as anything can be. We have Jews" for educational or other service in which not accepted as truth the declaration that 'God the boards might desire to cooperate. hath made of one blood all the nations of men', but this is as true as that no individual can live The principle accepted in the matter of comity, today for himself alone." which promises to prevent overlapping in small communities, is "that the Home Mission funds The Home Missions Council re-elected Dr. John ought not to be used for the support of enterprises McDowell as president, Dr. William R. King as which compete with other evangelical denomina- executive secretary, and Rev. J. R. Hargreaves as tions." field secretary. The Women's Council elected as executive secretary Miss Anne Seesholtz. The popular meeting, in connection with the banquet, marked the peak of vision and inspira- The annual meeting, in spite of the economic tion. Bishop Francis J. McConnell sounded a depression which has been so trying to the soul call for consecrated personality in Home Missions of board administrators as well as to the faith and Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., president of and endurance of loyal missionaries on the field, the Women's Auxiliary of the Church of England was marked by the spirit of hope and was forin Canada, issued a challenge to greater courage ward-looking in its plans for the future. It is in her spiritually-appealing and thought-provok- proposed to mark the close of the Five-Year Proing address on "The Call to Adventure in Home gram by another National Congress in January, Mission Work." The Honorable N. W. Rowell, 1934, to review the results of the five-year study King's Councilor, vice-president of the Institute and to consider advance steps for the future. on Pacific Relations, former president of the J. S. CONNING.

STUDENT REACTIONS TO THE VOLUNTEER CONVENTION From a Daughter of India long to. the same town or country, or speak the same language as we. The horizon of our respon- The main impression made by a large conven- sibility is widened out till it reaches to the farthtion of Christian men and women who have come est ends of the earth. to receive new inspiration and to take up the challenge of a world mission is that one finds God in a No one could come away from the convention truer, fuller way, and one recognizes more clearly without realizing that missions have accomplished our responsibility to seek and to find our fellow- great things of real value which other agencies men. This was clearly the great keynote of the have not been able to accomplish. Evangelistic, convention. educational and medical missions have helped to remove many of the outstanding evils of the world It was a great inspiration to watch the youth and have founded many young churches in all of North America so deeply enthusiastic about countries where Christianity was once unknown. bringing the message of Christ to the world. The respect for human personality which Christ Christ is the only solution for all our political and taught has gone far into the hearts of men where social problems, and the missionary movement is human beings were formerly considered to be of therefore one of the most important and greatly little value. needed movements in the world today. This convention clearly opened up a world It was very encouraging to be in close contact vision and the need for Christian missions in a with men and women who are interested in the perplexing situation. same cause in this age of skepticism and doubt. If religion is caught and is not taught, what a con- "I have not been interested in missions," said tribution this convention makes to the American an American college graduate to me, "but this youth! The representatives from other countries convention has shown me what missions mean to received inspiration from meeting those who the world." have a common aim and have devoted their lives to serving our Master. "It has been a great inspiration to meet at this convention men and women who are consecrated At the convention we came to realize more fully to the service of God," said another lady.

the responsibility of each Christian for uplifting "How may I -get the same spirit and the same Christian enthusiasm that are found in our leadthe rest of humanity. We were clearly shown ers and speakers and how may I pass them on to others?" were questions expressed by many a that our "brothers" are not merely those who be-

student at the convention. This challenge may who shared with us their experiences of the past mean a great deal to the future of the world. We and their faith for the future. have seen the need for finding God in all His power and His love and finding our fellowmen. The Buffalo Convention brings before me a se- We feel the need for one hundred per cent Chris- ries of impressions vivid and varied, but all extian men and women who will bring the message pressing the fellowship of Christians aU over the of Christ to this needy world. The responsibility world. They include impressions of groups and of each Christian has been so clearly shown that of leaders, but most of all impressions of new one feels ready to take up the challenge. ideas. Some one has said, "Nothing hurts so much as the entrance of a new idea," but the stu- "He is counting on you; if you fail, what then?" dents at Buffalo received plenty of new ideas! MARIAM MATHEWS. The conference is over, but the impressions re- main. We wonder what will be the real results! Biblical Seminary, New York. MARGARET T. SCOTT. From a Chinese Delegate Smith College, Northampton.

When thousands of delegates from different parts of the world, moved by one religious faith, From a Yale Senior meet under one roof, we might feel that world fel- At the end of most student conventions the col- lowship is no longer merely an ideal but a fact. lege delegate is found wondering what definite After hearing addresses dealing with the analysis values, if any, he has derived from the meeting.

of our modern world we were convinced that the Not so at the close of the recent Student Volun- world is really full of disharmony and chaos. teer Convention.

Under such conditions we realized that the world The first conviction is that Christian missions needs our united effort to bring about the real today are exerting a definite influence for good world fellowship. in all parts of the world. Evidence is not lacking.

The influence of the convention on the outgoing To learn from men just back from the field that missionaries was to give a .lot of information to conversions are made by Christian example rather those who were not familiar with the mission than by argument; to hear that the finances of field, but those who are familiar with the situa- medical clinics, such as that conducted by Dr. Wal- tion felt that the convention failed to give any ter Judd at Shaowu, in one of the most disturbed definite Christian program to reconstruct the areas of China, are handled by the Chinese them- world. C. C. LIANG. selves, and the hospital is actually operating with . Hartford SemirurLry and Yenching University. a bank balance of some six thousand dollars; to From a Senior at Smith understand that Christian missionaries are work- Two great central features of the Student Vol- ing to bring the people whom they today are helpunteer Convention at Buffalo were the large auditorium meetings, where we got a sense that we ing to the place where they will be able to help were in a great movement that really stretched around the world, and the smaller Round Table themselves-all this makes any thoughtful person groups where we could discuss to our hearts' content what we had heard in the larger meetings. desire to support these missionaries in what they There were some tremendously powerful things are doing to make a better world. said at the conference by missionaries and national leaders from around the world. Many of The Buffalo Convention impressed on aU presthese made a deep and lasting impression. Every meeting seemed to be a climax, but the climax of ent the fact a reduction of armaments alone canclimaxes for me was the evening when Dr. Walter Judd spoke on "The Way of Love in China" and not secure world peace over a period of years. gave a message that swept that crowd of students off its feet. At a committee meeting which fol- This will come only through the realization that lowed that session we just had to give up and go home. You cannot get your feet on the ground a nation's problems are the world's problemswhen you have been hit by the impelling force of a powerful ideal that sweeps you miles out into and that we in America are not only United States the beyond. New lines of vision had been opened up to us and we seemed to be such infinitesimal citizens but world citizens. The day when man parts of God's world that we felt a jolt every time we realized the potential horizons of action before will be living in such a utopia seems to be far off, us. We can never be too grateful to the leaders but this is no reason to be downcast, as was point- ed out by Professor J abavu, a South African na- tive. One should go about smiling with the faith that no matter what condition world affairs may be in, God is definitely at work in His world.

Behind every activity at the convention-in the "round table" discussions, in the platform speech- es, and particularly in Dr. T. Z. Koo's final ad- dress on "The Cross," was expressed the crying need for God-centered men in every walk of life today. HAZARD GILLESPIE.

Yale University.

Love-The Way of Victory In China*

..:( By WALTER H. JUDD, M. D. ):..

American Board Mission, Shaowu, Fukien, China W HY are we so careless about the invest- the most remarkable women I ever saw. She can ment of the only life we have? We spend do more good and· with greater graciousness and much time in planning what we will do with less effort than any person I have ever seen. with a summer vacation or some other little epi- She has had thirteen children, of whom twelve sode, but when it comes to deciding what we are are living. She had trachoma for two years and going to do with the only life we have, we just I had to operate on the lids twice. Not one of her hope that something will turn up to decide it for children ever had trachoma-she is that clean.

us. I am interested in my life, She is the best midwife in the as you are interested in yours. hospital and does most of the I don't want to throw it away The most stirring address work throughout the c h u r c h on a hopeless enterprise. I district. want to make it count for some- given at the recent Student thing. Mrs. Chao is also very artis- Volunteer Convention was by tic. She draws and paints, and When I went to China six almost every evening, as we sat years ago I had reasons strong this young medical missionary there, while I studied Chinese enough to cause me to pull up who has spent six years in with the younger boys, she was my roots here and try to trans- doing fancy work. One eveplant them over there. They China. His hospital was loot- ning I counted sixty-six pieces were arm chair convictions, if ed by bandits many times; he of cloth on which she was you like; but there is another drawing designs so that .some way of forming convictions- was once stood up to be Shot mother could embroider it, for and was twice in the hands of bandits. What he learned of the Chinese and the way to by flinging one's faith down in win them for Christ is here a cap or bib, hoping that Mrs. the heat of battle and seeing told with compelling power. Chao having done it, her child what comes out-the scientific It is the experience of a young will be strong and healthy. follower of Christ who has method, we might call it. Some This wonderful woman loves of the convictions I had before not feared to face death for the whole district, and goes out I went to China were strength- the sake of his Master and to do evangelistic work among ened beyond belief, and some those for whom the Master the people, everything fro m did not hold. To others I was died. how to bathe the baby to how driven by the sheer exigencies to read the Bible.

of the difficult situation. I Two years and a half ago, would like to share with you some of those convic- when I had been living in the hospital on the same tions. I can report to you that they hold! food as the patients and the nurses, Mrs. Chao 1. The first conviction is that all people around said to me, "Doctor Judd, you are getting thin."

the world are essentially the same. I have lived "No," I said, "I was always like this."

for two years in a Chinese home, most of that time "But you are getting thinner. You aren't get- the only man who spoke English in that part of ting good enough food. You ought to have somethe country, about twelve days' journey from any other American. In that home were twelve chil- body to look after you." dren. I understand the members of that family Then this woman with twelve children took me better than I understand some of the members of my own family from whom I have been separated on as the thirteenth. If you knew her you never for six years. again would say, "What difference does it make to us what happens to China." Mrs. Chao, the mother of this family, is one of When I went· into Chinese homes the young- sters, as soon as they saw that I wouldn't bite • This is an address given at the recent Student Volunteer Conven- them, would edge up to me, and want to feel my tion in Buffalo. Dr. Judd was for six years medical missionary in one white skin, particularly the hair on my wrist. of the most disturbed areas of China. He was traveling secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement in 1924 and 1925.-Edita.-.

[73]

They thought: Foreigners have hair on their erty. We assume such changes are possible, inwrists just like animals. evitable. We in the West have learned to change because of the stimulation of one nation by an- Yes, there are differences of color in human other near at hand. China was surrounded by beings, and differences of language and custom; natural barriers which prevented such stimulation but the loves and the hates, the passions and de- from neighboring nations. sires, the capacity for sorrow and joy are the same. This may seem trite but if we believed it China is bounded on the Southwest by the Himwe would act differently. alaya Mountains, on the Northwest by the Gobi Desert, on the East and South by the sea. As a Isolation Is Abolished result, she built this self-contained, stagnant, un- changing nation. An occasional Marco Polo, or 2. Secondly, in a world in which the people are Jesuit priest, or other individual came through essentially the same, we must all stand or fall to- and there was a certain amount of foreign trade. gether. That is my second conviction. Interesting individuals from abroad caused a lot of comment in the Imperial Courts, but there was America, my own beloved country, cannot keep no impact of one civilization over on another. It her material wealth, her standard of living, to say was as though a man landed on this planet from nothing of her soul, while the rest of the world Mars. We would be interested in him and would lies prostrate. She can't do it. I don't hesitate to have big headlines about it in the newspapers, be dogmatic about it. but he wouldn't make any difference in our daily living. We have a peace problem. It takes two nations to make a war and it takes two to make a treaty. But suppose that day after tomorrow Mars No treaty of peace will ever be more than a scrap bumped up against the Earth and sent men and of paper unless both nations enter into it with machinery and implements of war to our planet good faith. that were far more advanced than ours? Suppose that in everything we tried to compete with them It takes two races to make a race problem. we always came off second best? That is precisely And it is not enough to change the attitude of what has happened to China. one race in order to solve that problem. The Chinese civilization is built around the The economic depression is occupying our ho- blood unit, the family. Ours is built around the rizon today. How are we going to get our fac- political unit, the State. In China, as long as a tories running again? man maintained peace and paid his taxes there was no interference by the government. His fam- As long as there is a man in America who does ily and his clan ran itself quite adequately for a piece of work in a factory at seven dollars a four thousand years. We have no conception of day, while in China a man is turning out the same the terrific momentum of that thing, and then, product for ten cents a day, we cannot jack the suddenly they were called upon to change and tariff wall up high enough to overcome that in- modernize their manner of life and their philosoequality. American labor cannot maintain the phy. Inevitably great difficulties arose. standard of living to which it is accustomed and meet that competition. If the standard of living Let me give a concrete illustration of how this in China doesn't come up somewhere near ours, old, unchanging world of China was suddenly then ours must go down nearer to theirs. We called upon to modernize her worn out, inadequate can't live by ourselves alone. civilization. For centuries China did not feel the need of transportation facilities because every dis- Unless we remember certain basic principles trict was self-contained. Now there is not enough we can't make sense out of some things that hap- food in a district to supply the need. A man can't pen in China. We are apt to assume that the Chinese will do in a certain situation what we would a carry more than about one hundred and thirty do, and he probably will not. pounds of rice day, and since he must eat, by the If you will keep one or two facts in the back time he reaches a distant famine stricken region of your mind, they will help you to understand he ha1? eaten up all his own rice. You can't solve the difficulty in China. the problem that way.

The first is that China built and maintained for They do not build railways because it takes over four thousand years a civilization on the as- capital and you can't save much money out of sumption of an unchanging world. It never had from thirty-five to sixty dollars income a year. changed, and she supposed it never would change. Foreigners must have high rates of interest if Our western civilization is based on the assump- they loan capital because the risk is so great and tion of the inevitability of a changing world. We they insist upon having an army in China to protalk in religion about the Kingdom of Heaven on tect their interests. So China does not want forearth; in politics about the United States of the World; in economics about the abolition of pov-

LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA

eign built railroads and can't transport rice to hope for China except in producing the right kind famine districts. of men and women. In a Chinese classic, I came across this word, written hundreds of years ago The language is also difficult. In my province by one of the old scholars: there are over two hundred dialects. Every forty or fifty miles you go, you find that they speak an If you are going to plant for one year, sow grain; if entirely different dialect. There is also the lack you are going to plant for ten years, put in trees; if you of a national press. In America, in twenty-four are going to plant for one hundred years, grow men. hours after an event happens three-fourths of our people are aware of it. In China it is weeks be- That presents the whole genius of the missionfore many people hear. Not more than ten or ary enterprise. There is no system of mass profifteen per cent can read and write. We don't duction of character. We must help China derealize what a unifying and educating influence velop men of character. our press exerts. Sun Yat Sen was only one man, but for forty There are many different opinions in China. It years he never swerved a hair's breadth from one is confusing. Some believe in competition; others idea and devotion. He changed the whole face of desire Communism. Another group says that it is China. He was a man of absolute integrity. Milthe machine that makes the Western civilization lions of dollars went through his hands, and not a great. While another group says that machines penny stuck. We must not be discouraged if we put millions out of employment. This group says can produce even one man of Christ-like character. we need dictatorship in our government, and an- There is no hope except in men of the right type. other group says democracy; this group says the I believed that before. I am dead sure of it now. way is force; we must have a great army and navy. Others say we need economic power. An- The Way of Love Works other group says that force is always a sign of defeat; the way is love and good will. 4. The next conviction that I want to share with you is that the way of love works. I be- With all these confusing, conflicting ideas is it lieved it was true before I went to China, but I a wonder there is difficulty in China today? But was afraid it might not stand the test. difficult as it is, the problem of China must be solved. Our nation herself cannot live without My hospital in Shaowu has been taken over China. seven times by hostile groups in the last five years. Every time we were practically cleaned The Great Need Is Men out, except the drug room. Thank heaven the drugs come in the foreign bottle with the foreign 3. My third great conviction is that there is no names and they were ,afraid to monkey with them solution to any of these problems, at home or because they heard that some contained poison. abroad, except in producing the right sort of men. That enabled me to carryon. I believe in treaties and disarmament and institutions, but I sometimes wonder if we don't let our- There were many Chinese with sore toes and selves believe too much in anything that is signed blisters, and stomach ache, or cough, and fevers by men who are less than trustworthy men of who had to forego their pride for a moment and good will. come to the foreign doctor. They are prejudiced against us until they know us, just as we are prej- We have a maxim in medicine that you must not udiced against them-until we know them. That give a hypodermic of morphine to a patient until is natural. We all do it. I don't like it, but I can't you have made a diagnosis, because the morphine get excited about it. gives you a false sense of security and you can't make a correct diagnosis. If we have disarma- They are prejudicial and misjudge us. They ment conferences with men of less than good will, say this man is a white man-off with his head. we must not take a hypodermic of morphine that Later they may discover that this particular forgives us a false sense of security. It will rob the eigner is more or less harmless, and some of the world of the one remedy that will save the world, more sensitive spirits are ashamed of th:;tt shabby and that is the religion of Christ. treatment of the early days.

I sometimes feel that we cannot depend on any- Three of many illustrations may show concretething done by men who are less than Christian ly that the "way of love" does work. men. I know China's faults, but someone must help China build internal restraint of character In 1927, when I had been in China only a short to take care of the old external restraints of social time, the Nationalist movement was advancing and family life, or China will go down. Many from the South, fed up with Russian propaganda. young Chinese, with the finest ideals, are trying Russia was trying to promote a world revolution to modernize this great nation, but there is no and the greatest obstacle was the British Govern- ment. If she could break Great Britain's hold in China, she could overthrow the government. She taught the Chinese to hate all Britishers.

When the Communist army entered Shaowu I knew he was a bandit and he knew that I somebody told them I was a Britisher. They knew he was a bandit, but we didn't say anybound me up to shoot me. I protested that I was thing about it. That man became my protector not a Britisher, but they didn't believe me. So and you ought to have heard him take my part. naturally they paid no attention to what I said. Here was a prize of $50,000, (they think we are I was talking full speed. It is amazing how well all rich; they made a mistake) and they didn't you can talk Chinese when you have to! I tried want to lose me. to delay the game long enough for my friends to gather around to take my part. I tried to get my The man protested for two hours and finally, passport, but they wouldn't let me loose to go prevailed. They put four men on the boat and sent word to the main body of bandits down beafter it. low not to shoot us when we went by. In about three minutes-I thought it was three Again I found that the way of love works. weeks-along came a farmer. I didn't recognize him then, but I found afterwards that I had once Three Months in Captivity operated on a boil on his neck. That apparently incurred the man's favor. He heard me protest- Another experience that proved this was when ing, "I am not an Englishman; I am an Ameri- I was in captivity last year, under the hands of can." He had never been ten miles away from the most cruel, vicious man I ever saw. Every home in his life and had no idea what an Ameri- country has good men and women and every councan was, but he knew I was trying to convince try has bad men and women. This was a terrible these people so he swore that I was an American. man. He was ignorant and uneducated; but a man who can hold out as the head of a band of He got down on his knees and hit his head on eight or nine thousand bandits has force of charthe rocks until the blood ran out. One man acter. grabbed him by the back of his coat and another pricked him with his bayonet. They hit him with He captured our city in 1930 and was there the butts of their guns. I thought they were go- for three months. As long as he was allowed to ing to kill him then and there. He delayed the get money from the taxes he would do it with the game long enough for others to come and take my pretense of legality. I attended to my business part. Finally the magistrate told them to let me and took care of them and didn't make any effort go and they apologized. to escape, so they left me alone.

One little touch of kindness, such as that farmer This bandit chief got a bad Gase of conjuctivitis. had experienced in the hospital, works wonders. He took Chinese medicine and got worse. Then he came to me, and I was able to clear it up. That About three years ago I was going down the put him under some obligation. river with another doctor who was very ill. He had to go down the river where he could get better When the fighting in the North was finished, care or he was sure to die. There was great risk and the National Army started to send good troops on the river from bandits. The second day out back to the South, we knew we were headed for we ran into the bandits-40 or 50 of them. I trouble. About that time I came down with the thought, "If they take me on the hill, it is all right. forty-sixth attack of malignant malaria. It was I am young and perhaps can talk them out of it, the worst. I couldn't develop resistance to it. One but if they take old Dr. Bliss, he will die in one attack came on when I was especially busy. After night from midwinter exposure." Luckily among a night of delirium, I was clear in the morning the bandits I saw a fellow I recognized as having and said to the little nurse, the daughter of Mrs. been in the hospital as a patient. Nobody likes to Chao, a graduate of a Methodist hospital in Pekbe known as a bandit and many of them will go ing, and the finest nurse I ever worked with, "I to the hospital some time during the year to get know how people feel who have been caught out cleaned up and be a good citizen for a while. This in the snowstorm and want to lie down and die." man had been a good friend of mine as far as I knew, when he was in the hospital. Now he began That little nurse came to me with the tears pourto edge off, for he was ashamed to let me see him ing down her face. She knew what we were up there. I walked up to him and said, "My, I am against, for she had seen people die of malignant glad I ran into you! The old doctor is very ill malaria. and must go down the river. I was nervous about things for I heard there were bandits and was I told her to go to her uncle, who runs a mediafraid we might run into some." cine shop and had been given some of our good quinine, and to get enough for injections to last "That is right," he said, "there are bandits down eight or nine days. If she could not get it there here. You ought not to go down the river." she was to send a telegram to the folks in Foo- chow, and to persuade the postal authorities to "Can't you do something to help m~?" I asked. allow some to be sent up by carrier, because the parcel post service had been suspended. That was

the last I knew for four days. She got the qui- a Christian ought to act, I am not afraid of the nine. For eleven days I wasn't able to swallow consequences.

a thing-that nurse had to give me nourishment 5. The way of love works, yes, but the way of by other means. love is the way of the Cross. It can't stop short of When I began to take a little nourishment a the cross. When you live alone for two years and Swiss Catholic priest was brought in. He lived get under your mosquito net at dark so you won't in a neighboring district and had become very ill. die of malaria, you have a lot of time to think.

There we were, two sick foreigners, twelve days' This idea haunts me in the middle of the night.

journey from the next white man! I had to do the It is fundamental. It is the whole foundation of best I could for him. But he had multiple abscess the program of Christ.

of the liver and was so far gone I was sure he Jesus preached as never man can preach, so we couldn't get well. I went to him day by day in a preach as best we can. He taught; so have we chair until I couldn't go any more. Then he died taught. He healed in ways we haven't been able and I came pretty near going with him. That to duplicate; so have we healed. He lived his win- little nurse never wavered. some life among the people. He loved them with When I began to pick up strength word came His glorious love. He shared his magnificent per- the soldiers were being sent down to take the dis- sonality with them. But all that was not enough.

trict and this bandit group would be cleaned up. We seem to assume that if we just keep on teach- They would take me and hold me for ransom, be- ing and healing and preaching long enough and cause they needed a doctor. Worse. than that, living and loving and sharing long enough, the they would take my little nurse who is the best Kingdom will come. We have been at it for 1900 trained and most attractive girl in the whole dis- years, and it hasn't come yet. I cannot avoid the trict. She would have a fate far worse than that haunting conviction that we will be at it for 19,000 of a concubine. years more on that basis. If Jesus Christ, my That was at Christmas time a year ago. This Lord and yours, with the winsomeness of the Son New Year's Eve I sat and watched a party of gay of God, was not able to break down the intractable Americans in a hotel, and I thought of the year human hearts by preaching and healing and lov- ago New Year's Eve. I thought, "Is it possible ing and sharing, then you will never be able and I that people are living here in this way, and at the will never be able to do it by that method.

same time, over in China, on the same earth, two I am dead sure now that there is no other way such utterly different situations can exist?" for the Kingdom of God to come, except the way The day before the last New Year a secretary of the Cross-the way of death.

from headquarters said: "Doctor, we are going Does that mean physical death? No. Don't be to leave and they are going to take you and the afraid of that. It will mean death for a handful, nurse, and will loot the city tonight." but that is relatively easy; I can bear testimony.

I knew what would happen to me in two days But the way of the Cross means that those of you of exposure in the middle of the winter. who may become rich will deliberately remain But at seven o'clock, last New Year's Eve, Lu poor for the sake of the Kingdom; those who can Ching Me, the leader himself, came into my dis- go out and write your names across the headlines pensary and said: "Dr. Judd, we are leaving to- of the country will deliberately choose to remain night, and I was going to take you along, but I am obscure for the sake of the Kingdom; that those not going to do it. You have taken care of us in who could surround themselves with luxuries will the hospital here, and I know you are not getting deliberately choose to work like servants for the any money out of it. I don't know why you do it. sake of the Kingdom. Christ told us about a man If you had to live the way we will live in the hills who had a lot of pearls, all fine pearls, but when in the middle of the winter, you wouldn't live long. he saw a pearl of great price, for joy he sold all Hence I am not going to take you. How much do his own pearls that he might get the Pearl of we owe the hospital?" That was the first time Great Price. He concentrated on the pearl of one of that type of person had ever offered to pay great price and forgot about the other pearls.

us anything. He paid the hospital $170 and went That is what the Cross is. "He who loses his life out and in the middle of the night, when the shops for my sake and the Gospel," said Jesus, "finds it."

were all closed so they couldn't loot and he could The way of the Cross works. But it is the way of control his own men, he left the city without tak- love that is the way of the Cross.

ing a man or a woman. The way of love works! 6. Finally, I bear my final testimony. When Don't misunderstand me. My religion is not I went to China, I had in my heart this pledge of just a charm to me to keep me safe. I may get Christ: .

picked off the second day I return to China, but I "Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of will never have another worry, because if I act as the world."

That, too, is true. I was afraid that it might It is true. The way of love, the way of the not work, but it is true. Cross, works. I can't explain it. I can't explain Jesus Christ wants to give us abundant life, and how the food I eat is distributed. Some of it be- we insist on keeping less than abundant life. He comes brain, some blood, some bone. There is no wants to give us gold, and we cling to brass. He chemist in the world who knows all that in de- wants to give us heavenly visions, and we won't tail. If there were he would be the greatest chem- take our eyes off the muck heap. ist the world has ever known. But I haven't Morning after morning, during the hard days stopped eating just because I can't explain it all.

last year, when I was in captivity, and the Reds I cannot explain how the way· of the Cross and Communists were only about a half day's works. It is not in the realm of logical proof. journey distant, during the night nobody took off It is in the realm of demonstration, and it works. his clothes, as the Communists practically always move about at night. During those months, I As I was leaving China last spring, I waited and woke up every morning and prayed this simple waited, hoping somebody would come and take my prayer. It, too, works. I was supported by this place. When the malaria season began again, the prayer just as my bed supported my body. The first of May, I promised my board I would come sense of God's presence held me steady, gave me out, for I was sure it was the right thing to do. confidence and assurance. My people pled with me and said: "You have been so sick, you can't stay here. We know it is terrible. o Master, let me walk with Thee Some of our children will die, but you must go."

In lowly paths of service free; When I pulled out on the first day of May there Tell me Thy secret; help me bear were about four hundred people on the river The strain of toil, the fret of care. banks. I looked at the little youngsters, and thought some of them would die before I returned. You had to go, Christ. They came into your Some of them have died because I was not there. clinic and they touched the hem of your garment. But it seemed I must leave. After all, it was no Something happened to Christ. He will be with worse for them to lose their doctor on the first of me here today. Here is a tooth to pull; there a May by my leaving, than to lose him on the first baby with its abdomen full of worms.

Help me the slow .of heart to move of September by my death. I might be of some By some clear, winning word of love; use if I got over the malaria. .

The word of Thy love is all I have–just a touch. These four hundred friends came, many of them Teach me the wayward feet to stay traveling down through the bandits. Two of them And guide them in the homeward way, were killed and six were wounded in our party.

Help me to stay the wayward feet-including Others have died in the path of duty and love, and my own. here I am well. That ought to make a better man out of me. Teach me Thy patience- The way of love works, but it is the way of the o Christ, I want results. I demand results Cross. We just can't stop short of the Cross. But let no man hesitate. quickly. I want to see the thing done in a hurry. I am not lying to you, my friends. If I told you Teach me Thy patience; still with Thee something I didn't believe with all my heart, or In closer, dearer company; In work that keeps faith sweet and strong, Plain, good, hard work that gives an outlet to that I hadn't demonstrated to be true, I would my tension. be the most despicable cur. Lying! Before God, I am not lying. It works. The way of the Cross In trust that triumphs over wrong; holds. It is not loyalty to an abstract principle, but loyalty to a living Christ who walks with us. Yes, trust, confident, unswerving trust, that triumphs over all wrong.

In hope that sends a shining ray Lo, I am with you always, Far down the future's broadening way; Even unto the end of the world.

If it weren't for hope I would jump into the It is true. Do not be afraid. This is the best Yangtze. China has no hope, except in Christ. thing I know. Any human program is doomed to failure. The realization of hope may not come in my lifetime, Laid on Thy altar, 0 my Lord Divine, but it must come. Accept this gift today for Jesus' sake. I have no jewels to adorn my shrine, In peace that only Thou canst give, No far-famed sacrifice to make With Thee, 0 Master, let me live. But· here within this trembling hand I bring This will of mine, a thing that seemeth small, I cannot see tomorrow, but this day I can live But Thou alone, 0 Lord, doest understand; in peace for I can live with Thee. I yield you this, I yield mine all.

Men Really Need Christ?

By REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., New York Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Secretary of the Board 11=·' of Foreign Missions, and/ormer Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE Christian missionary enterprise is essen- pathy for the world's s.orrow and unselfish search for the. tially a religious movement. Tremendous in social implications, its primary motive is not way of escape, which are at the heart of Buddhism; th~ social. Great in international significance, its essential ideal is not internationalism. Rich in in- desire for contact with Ultimate Reality conceived as spirtellectual and educational values, they are not its root values. It moves in the field of religion, both itual, which is prominent in Hinduism; the belief in a in motivation and objectives. moral order of the universe and consequent insistence· on This does not mean that it sets out to re-enforce existing religions, to revitalize and stimulate them, moral conduct, which are inculcated by Confucianism; the though naturally it welcomes all real worth in any religion. It has much in common with all relig- disinterested pursuit of truth and of human welfare which ions, counting them evidences of God's constant witness to Himself, but it does not hope for human are often found in those who stand for secular civilization redemption nor for individual power through but do not accept Christ as their Lord and Saviour. . them. An impressive section of the Message of the Here is no complacent acceptance. of all relig- ions as having equal value, yet it is difficult for Jerusalem Conference deals with just this subject. some earnest Christians to accept even this much Fear had .been expressed that the preparatory recognition of systems of which they have always effort to appraise the non-Christian faiths more thought adversely. fully and more favorably might nullify Christian missions. It would be difficult to find, even in their The preliminary question which now agitates own literature, better summaries of the inner many circles in all lands is whether religion in teachings and counsels of the ethnic faiths than any form is valid and essential, as the very existare given in the Report of that Jerusalem meeting. ence of the missionary enterprise demands. Sup- But the Report strikes no doubtful or hesitant porters of missions probably do not fall away benote regarding the uniqueness and necessity of the cause of the question, but it often diverts added Christian faith. Its note is the more definite be- supporters. cause it is sounded in full hearing of the notes of the ethnic religions. One striking passage is in A wrong answer here would undercut the whole the section which makes "the appeal to non- missionary movement. No effective "drive" can Christians" : carryon so difficult an enterprise without the re- ligious impulse, the only unselfish motive. Indeed, We rejoice to think that just because in Jesus Christ in the interweaving of world interests, it is inthe light that lighteneth every man shone forth in its full creasingly difficult to maintain this unselfish elesplendor, we find rays of that same light where He is un- ment. We hear missionary arguments based on known or even is rejected. We welcome every noble qual- the safety of the sending nations: the West must ity in non-Christian persons or systems as further proof that the Father, who sent His Son into the world, has Christianize the East or be itself submerged; the nowhere left Himself without witness. "Christian" nations must evangelize the other Thus, merely to give illustration, and making no attempt nations or find themselves outfought and outto estimate the spiritual value of other religions to their traded and outschemed. So the missionary moveadherents, we recognize as part of the one Truth that sense of the Majesty of God and the consequent reverence ment becomes a program of self-preservation. We in worship, which are conspicuous in Islam; the deep sym- discuss how the Church can save itself and find part of the answer in carrying on an aggressive missionary program.

This barely escapes the curse of using religion for selfish ends. So great an enterprise cannot be carried on by any such motives, for they are not really religious motives at all. There is no hope for the future except in the continuance and ex- [79]

tension of the purely religious impulse of bringing human race is one and the world is one. There men into intelligent relation to God in Christ, will be different ways of expressing the one with all the consequent values involved in that system of truth, but the truth itself will be the purpose. Here, as in everything that Christ same. In all these lines there are now varying touches, any program of saving one's life is a step systems, but hope does not lie in some skill which toward losing it, and it is not until a man or a will form an eclectic system, combining the vir- church or a nation thinks in terms of losing life tues of all and excluding the errors of each. Some for the sake of spiritual values in other lives that fundamental principle is discovered in each realm life itself can be secured. and that principle is carried to all the world.

Herein lies the serious danger of current pleas Everybody knows that the chemistry discovered to "save religion" or to "prevent the decay of and learned in America will work out in China religion." If religion needs saving it is because and Africa. Biology, good in Cambridge, is good we who profess it do not give it power and place also in Calcutta.

in our own lives. It is the purpose of religion to This is paralleled in religion. There are forms save men, not to be saved by them. Proposals that of religion everywhere. But when a great prin- all religions join in a kind of defensive warfare, ciple of religion is asserted, the test of its truth each forgetting its differences from others in the is in the fact that it is good everywhere. When final desperate effort to keep from being extin- a religion does not seek to become universal, it guished, tend to weaken the cause of each faith. raises the question whether it is really true at all.

Christianity cannot make common cause with all It is not humility which prevents adherents of a the other faiths of the world in trying to save religion from trying to give it to all men; it is something from "the wreck of religion." Nothing lurking doubt whether it is really essential and effective nor helpful can be done about an un- valid everywhere. Imagine a scholar of chemistry named and undescribed "religion" in general declining to favor the teaching of his discoveries which is no one religion in particular. The ques- in other lands because those lands already had tion whether "religion" is valid and effective is ideas of their own about nature and he could not best answered by considering whether the Chris- be sure that what he had found true in his labora- tian religion is valid and effective. For the mis- tory in Germany would be true in Ceylon! Some sionary enterprise the issue is not whether or not think it tolerance to say, "Of course we count our humanity needs some form of religion, but whether religion best for us, but may not the people of mankind really needs and can be given the Chris- other lands do better with other forms of re- tian religion. The fact that it brings to men values ligion?" This is not "tolerance" nor "broadmind- which may have existed in their earlier experi- edness"; it is mere lack of conviction. We would ences of religion is part of the argument, but if it not say it in any other realm of fact. We might does no more it is not worthy of the sacrifice and say it in matters of taste or convenience, as in cost of the missionary effort. forms of art or of government; we could not say We shall never carryon the Christian move- it in matters of fact.

ment (a) on the basis of a general conviction that It all hinges on our conviction that there· are it is better to have religion than not, nor (b) on elements in the Christian faith which are not in the feeling that on the whole and at certain points other forms of religion, no matter how worthy Christianity is better than other religions, nor those forms may be, and that these elements are (c) with the attitude that we are all out to learn essential to a sound religious life for men. The from each other and to correct the errors we have Christian religion is so rich in content that listing all made in organizing our various religious sys- its essential elements is always dangerous. (a) At tems, nor (d) with the hope that some day we least it can be said that nowhere else do men learn may strike a really satisfactory religion by gather- such truth about God as a holy, loving Father, ing the good elements out of all these systems. triune, personal, redemptive, as they learn in the The Christian missionary enterprise is moti- Christian faith, a truth which changes the whole vated by an assurance of the essential and valid outlook of life. (b) Nowhere do men find Jesus nature of the Christian faith, its suitability to all Christ but in that faith of which He is the center men everywhere, and its effectiveness in doing and circumference. The Jerusalem Message says: what humanity needs under all conditions of spir- "Our message is Jesus Christ." Christ and His ituallife. redemptive grace, His atoning death, His resur- If the question arises whether anyone religion rection, His abiding promise of the Kingdom, are can serve all men, in view of their wide variety, not found elsewhere. If we believe that pardon the reply is clear. There can be one chemistry, and peace and power are found in Him we cannot one physics, one mathematical system, because the fail to see that all men need them precisely as we

DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST?

do ourselves. (c) The living and loving Holy the world by no agency but the religion which Spirit works when and where and how He will, Christ inspired and maintains. but it is when He takes the things of Christ and shows them unto men that they come to know Him In short, if anyone needs Christ and His rebest and to rest most truly upon Him. Nowhere ligion, everyone needs Him, for He does not make else do men learn Him as in the faith of Christ. His appeal to any peculiarity, but to essential (d) Nor do men anywhere else receive such power humanity, a humanity shared in common by all to obey the mandates of a high and true ethics for men. It is no arrogance for a man to bring the personal and social life. The inner principle of religion which has blessed him to his fellows love to God and to one's neighbor, the use of life everywhere. What else would he do? Is his own in service, not for merit or reward, but for love sense of appreciation to be measured by the depth of Christ and one's fellow men, is spread through of his desire that other men shall share with him in the good he has received?

Doctoring Pagans of the Sudan* By KENNETH G. FRASER, F. R. G. S. IF·· T WENTY-FIVE years ago, in response to an today without being impressed with the very appeal from Lord Cromer, the Church Mis- great changes which the message of the Cross has sionary Society began work among the nu- produced in their life and character. merous pagan tribes inhabiting the two southern provinces of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. An important feature of the missionary effort in every station is its medical work, and when I The forces of the Mahdi, like a withering blight, first arrived in the Sudan, eleven years ago, I was had a few years previously passed over the coun- impressed with the tremendous amount of fine try. They bad borne their share of the general medical work which our missionary clergy were havoc, which in little more than a decade had doing. In those days the physical suffering was reduced the population of the Anglo-Egyptian appalling, but no sufferer ever appealed to our Sudan from eight millions to two millions. Roads missionaries in vain. Even today the non-medical scarcely existed when, in 1905, the Society's first missionary contemplating coming to Africa will batch of six men, under the leadership of L. H. come twice armed if he, or she, bas taken the Gwynne, now Bishop of Egypt, landed on the right trouble to acquire even an elementary training in bank of the White Nile, south of the Sudd area. the "relief of pain." Nearly twenty different languages, spoken by as many different tribes, had to be formulated in Few tasks can have greater thrills for a doctor writing, and then taught to the people in the than to be the first to arrive in the midst of a written form, before much serious headway could strange pagan community, with a plentiful supply be made, for the illiterate pagan soon forgets–or, of drugs and hospital requisites, but with no worse still, distorts even the simplest truths. knowledge of the language, and with notbing bet- ter than a tumble-down native hut to live in. Today there are nine important mission stations scattered about over the larger portion of those The hut in this case being small and not clean, two provinces. One is a school for the higher was used only for dressing. We lived and worked training of evangelists, teachers and government in the open before a crowd of wondering natives employees. Four other stations have an ever- who kept coming from far and near to see us and spreading network of bush schools, and most of who observed our every movement as children the people coming forward for Christian instruc- watch the movements of some strange creature at tion first hear the Gospel message in these bush the Zoo. schools. For days, mysterious-looking boxes kept arriv- No one could visit these very primitive tribes ing on men's heads from the river port, 127 miles away. These contained our household belongings, • Condensed from The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society food and hospital supplies. After a few days a Quarterly. woman was brought in, terribly mauled by a lion.

It happened near the spot in the bush where we only relieves but prevents an incredible amount of had dum,ped our things and which was to become physical suffering. Unfortunately, however, more our station. She was alone in a hut with her six- than half the suffering which is the lot of every months-old baby. The lion burst open the door African pagan is not physical but mental; it lies and seized the mother, who, with fine maternal beyond the reach of either drug or knife.

instinct, rolled over on her child to protect it. The Marshal Lyautey, that French Cromer, has said lion dragged her to the door and before he could that throughout the whole of his career in Africa get her through her screams had brought two he has always regarded the doctor as the pioneer men with burning logs of wood (no lion will face of civilization, and with this most Mrican admin- that) to the rescue. They found her still covering istrators will readily agree. It must be remem- the child with her own body and brought her to us. bered, however, that medicine and surgery, how- She was the first Moru patient to receive chloro- ever up-to-date, are by themselves powerless, as is form. Crowds gathered round the table, and I was secular education, to change the heart of man, and thankful we were in the open air. That I had not a civilization that leaves human nature unchanged killed her did not, of course, occur to any of them, may be disastrous for Mrica. Hence the impera- and great w:as their consternation when later in tive need in these days of keeping evangelism at the day she was able to talk to them and assure the very center of all our missionary effort, them that she had felt no pain, and that she had whether medical, educational or industrial.

no recollection of my having hurt her on the table. In stations where this need is not emphasized, They smote their thighs and exclaimed, Manok- the missionary has surrendered any claim to supe- w()i, ono toM which I know now means "Well, I riority which his work may have over similar never; this beats me!" It was our first major work carried on by non-missionary agents.

operation under chloroform. As I couldn't attend What gives our dispensary system its real and to both ends of the patient at the same time, I lasting value, as a means of creating a new Africa, needed someone to give the anesthetic. Yilu, the is the fact that side by side with each dispensary local chief, looked the most intelligent man in the is a church school. It is a large building, seating crowd, so I engaged him to do the job for me, and three to four hundred people. During week days he did so with satisfaction for about one and a it is used as a mission school and on Sundays as a half years. He then had an accident, and the case church. died from an overdose, whereupon he completely lost his nerve and resigned the post. Fortunately, The old scholars, in batches of five, help in rotathe patient was only a young monkey, which was tion for one week in the dispensary, thus learning brought to me for a minor operation. the meaning of service as well as much elementary but useful medical work. It eases the burden of In a country with a population of only six to the dispensary workers and enables them to lend the square mile (England has 650) it is obviously a hand in school. impossible for more than a small proportion of Much depends on the witness of the older Christhose who could be cured in a hospital ever to reach tian boys in charge of these centers. Each Sunday there, because the distances are so enormous. they have to preach to crowds of from three to Every village has its own tragic tale of suffering, seven hundred people, and it is from their lips but when it comes to carrying a patient fifty to that the people first hear of Him. "Who died etersixty miles to the Central Hospital, he is often nallife to bring, and lives that death may die." just left to die, or perhaps brought in when it is Each teacher has the moulding of the charactoo late to save life. ters of some forty or fifty school boys and the Thus it was that early this year we opened up . preparing of all enquirers. seven district dispensaries and put our best At the end of the month we try to get the trained Christian boys in charge. native leaders from each of the centers into the They are all well stocked with the usual routine Central Station for a quiet week-end. When saydrugs and dressings. The hospital lorry visits ing good-bye to them on Monday morning, as they each dispensary every ten days or so to replenish return to their work, I realize how much they drugs, etc., and bring serious cases to the hospital. stand in need of prayer. The moment they get The people are overjoyed and each of the chiefs back to their stations they are beset with counthas gladly undertaken to keep his own dispensary less temptations, and if anyone class in Mrica buildings in repair. has a greater claim than another on the prayers This year it is hoped to further extend our bor- of God's people, it is the young African bush ders along these lines, as soon as suitably trained school teacher or dispenser, just emerged from boys become available. paganism and seeking to witness for Christ in his This sort of work is most gratifying, for it not own district or village.

Miracles at

.• =4: By IRENE MASON HARPER Moga, Panjab, India T ALKING with a village preacher who is pro- the school buildings to earn his own way to claiming the Gospel of Christ to the outcastes "education." of a village in the Moga District about a year Seven years later, at a starlight service, under ago, I asked him to recall some of his significant the great trees of Moga School, this boy faced a memories. In simple but colorful Panjabi lan- new crisis. The man spoke lovingly of Ray Har- guage he painted for me picture after picture of rison Carter, who conceived the idea of the Moga the Christward movement in Indian villages. Training School, struggled and sacrificed to found First I saw a boy of twelve, physically strong it, and lived with those first boys, sharing their and healthy, able to work for his own support, deepest experiences. At this evening service Mr.

sitting at the edge of a field Carter made an appeal to his and watching the grazing cat- Moga is achieving the impossible. older students to give their tIe for whom he is caretaker. At this fascinating mission school lives in sacrificial service to In the distance he hears the outcaste village boys, who have the outcaste village people.

clamor of school boys at their been considered untouchable and What a request to the boy who play on the outskirts of the unteachable, are learning to become had struggled so hard to lift village. This lad's head is leaders and teachers of their own himself out of that class into bowed upon his knees. Stolid, people. They are taught by the which he had been born! Was modern project method which has you say, asleep, indifferent, or made the school famous throughout he, who had so miraculously stupid? This would be nat- India. Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. been given a chance to leave ural for an outcaste boy of Harper, missionaries of the Ameri- behind that old life, now to go ignorant, degraded origin. No! can Presbyterian Church, are in back to it? The struggle was charge of the work, and here Mrs.

In that boy's heart is rising a Harper tells the remarkable story quiet, but none the less real.

cry so bitter, so sharp that, of how these villagers are trained The village preacher told me after nearly twenty years, this to think and to live, and to serve that he thought his experience man spoke the very words to others 8S true Christians. was a common one among me with trembling lips: "0 Moga boys. With Christ's help God, 0 God, why did you cause me to be born?" he decided to accept the challenge, as the majority I asked my friend if he thought it was common of Moga graduates have decided to do, and today for children of the outcastes thus to resent their he is the head of a Christian village home, shep- lot. "Yes," he said, and gave the reasons with herding village Christians and carrying the mes- which all who know the caste system in India are sage of Christ, by his sincere life and simple familiar. He then told me how the idea was born speech, to the outcastes in the surrounding vil- in him that if he could only "get learning" he lages.

could be lifted out of his low condition. The Moga Training School for Village Teachers The next picture he described showed me a is conducted by the American Presbyterian Mis- group of tents pitched on the edge of the village. sion. This school has just celebrated its twentieth The usual group of village children are crowding anniversary and has inaugurated the Ray Harri- round, peeping through the flaps. Among them is son Carter Memorial Fund in honor of that far- one who pushes in, with a humble, trembling seeing, devoted missionary who literally gave his salaam. At the kind voice of the missionary the life that Moga and its ideals might live.

boy speaks his desire: "I want reading." An Urdu Moga is a boarding school, with kindergarten, Primer is produced, and the missionary sits down primary and middle classes (through the eighth to give the boy his first reading lesson. A few grade) and a normal course for training teachers.

days later that boy is entered as a pupil at the At present it has an enrollment of 192, mainly new mission boarding school at Moga. He is set Christian boys from the villages. A few non- to work in the wheat fields and at coolie labor on Christian applicants are admitted, but the school [83]

is already crowded beyond capacity and many are Moga is, in essence, a Christian school which necessarily turned away. There is no reason, ex- seeks to make its methods of teaching thoroughly cept lack of room, why boys of all castes should Christian. It challenges the common notion of not have the privileges of this school; but its first teaching as merely imparting information, and duty is to the poor and underprivileged. There is substitutes the ideal of guiding the growth of no area of life in India which more needs Christ individuals in their personal life and social relathan does the village, and Moga's main purpose is tions. It strives to follow Christ in His emphasis to prepare Christian leaders for the villages. In on the supreme worth of the individual, the vital importance of freedom, and the call to active service. Moga believes that in the technical de- tails of education, such as selecting the subject matter and determining the methods of teaching, some ways are more effectively Christian than other ways. That is why Moga is interested in modern methods.

Learning by Doing TEACHING VILLAGE INDUSTRIES AT MOGA Moga boys learn, not by memorizing text-books and precepts of conduct, but by active experience. this it has been more successful than most mission Here is a class, for instance – the Sixth Grade boarding schools. Of 138 recent graduates (1926- several years ago – which chose for their central 1930) of the Normal Training Class, 119, or more interest a study of the Government Hospital in than 85 per cent, are known to be in positions of the town a mile distant. They made several visits leadership in villages. and reported on various aspects of the work of the hospitals, the plans of buildings and grounds, Modern Methods of Training costs, drugs used, duties of staff, etc. The class then decided to open a daily dispensary in their A distinguished visitor wrote in the Moga School own classroom, to give simple remedies and aid to log book: "A privilege to see this school in which fellow pupils and other people on the compound. teaching is an art and learning a pleasure." The They borrowed some furniture, made other, earned modern methods at Moga are methods of joyful, and collected money to buy drugs, studied the useful, Christian living. The average school is sources of drugs, estimated the cost of running very different. In most schools in India, it would their dispensary, learned careful weighing of be fair to say that learning is a dull business for small quantities, labelled the bottles, made signs the children. Boys and girls con their compulsory and charts and notices and record books. The dislessons with little interest beyond their docile wish pensary was open every day, the first half hour of to please the teacher. Text-books and teacher's school, and was well patronized. The boys served methods take little account of the natural interests in turn by pairs, opening with prayer, and inof the pupils, nor of their daily life needs. The structing as well as treating the patients. Much traditional subject matter is, to the teachers as of the subject matter required in the government well as pupils, like the laws of the Medes and the curriculum for this year was needed in this project Persians. Learning is practically synonymous besides a large amount of additional hygiene and with memorizing, and memorizing is for the tem- practical knowledge. The boys studied it all with porary purpose of gaining promotion or passing a the greatest keenness and interest. government examination. Covering the required course of formal lessons is the accepted aim of To another class, in the daily period devoted to most of the teachers. The idea of working for Bible study, was proposed the problem, "If you growth of the pupils in character and effective could tell ten, and only ten, Bible stories to a living has apparently not occurred to them, or if group of boys of your own age (twelve to fifteen they give lip service to the ideal of Christian years) what ten would you choose?" These boys character building, it is not a controlling objective worked about three months on that lead. They of their methods and management. searched the Scriptures from cover to cover, and many a lively debate was held. They thought ear- nestly on the needs of village boys, their natural interests, and the spiritual values of many Old and New Testament stories. They finally chose ten stories from the Gospels. They made a poster for each story, with original drawings and a pertinent

MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA

text inscribed thereon in their most decorative this class in discussing the fears of village people. Urdu script. These pictures were used by some of These little fellows had sad knowledge of the these boys in telling Bible stories in the villages. many superstitions which terrorize the dwellers This is a sample of the way the pupils naturally in these mud huts. One bright lad suggested the desire to share in witnessing for Christ in the Twenty-third Psalm as ,a good antidote to fear. He villages. They are learning to do this, not through said that he liked to say it to himself in the dark. compulsion or precept, but through purposeful The class took up the. idea and decided to illustrate experience. their beloved Shepherd Psalm on a large piece of cardboard which could be shown to village folk From Real Life who need comfort and the new teaching as to the love and care of God. For the resulting colored As learning by doing is the principle which con- poster, in illuminated Urdu script with original trols the method of teaching, so relatedness to life illustrations, the children nearly used up their one is the principle controlling the selection of what box of water colors (from the Woolworth stores is to be learned. The learning of Moga boys is not in America) which must be made to do for the formal information, divided into dry "subjects of class for a whole year! study," but is vitally related to their own lives and environment. Last year the Second Grade built in One class, after completing their house, desired the school yard what they called their "Ocean to hold a dedication service. They prepared invi- Project." A water-shed and a river system, con- tations which were presented to the primary nected by canals with their own home villages, classes, the teachers and missionaries, and a group poured into the great sea. Little boys, 800 miles of visitors who happened to be inspecting the remote from the nearest ocean port, packed tiny school. These latter were non-Christian guests, barges with bundles of cotton and wee bags of who were much impressed with the natural manwheat, and followed their village products out into ner in which the boys conducted a religious service the wide world. Boats and lighthouses, and even planned entirely by themselves. The completed submarines, built themselves into the picture, and house was decorated with appropriate Bible verses horizons widened for these children of narrow, -among these "Except the Lord build the house, underprivileged homes. Even as the little folk of they labor in vain that build it." One of the pupils your fortunate American schools, they learned of prayed very simply and sincerely for God's bless- "the great, wide, wonderful world, with the won- ing on their work. derful waters around you curled." . About a year ago the Seventh Grade chose for The close relationship of the curriculum to life their "project" the planning of a Model Village. is apparent to anyone who notes the activities which the various classes choose to carryon. All A PROJECT FOR BOYS-BUILDING A VILLAGE HOUSE of the class enterprises are not derived from the village environment, for we try to encourage the They considered all the needs of the villagersbroader, cultural interests as well as the practical economic, social, spiritual-and planned how these experiences. Nevertheless, a large part of the needs could be met in the spirit of Christ. Pracstudies which occupy Moga boys are related to tical plans for village sanitation, for the education rural interests. In the First Grade, for instance, of girls as well as boys, for the overcoming of the boys usually choose to build a house in their poverty and debt, were considered. They made a classroom. Like their own village homes, it is a clay model of an improved village house and one-room mud hut. In planning and measuring exhibited this at a Rural Uplift Mela, a sort of their house, they learn considerable arithmetic, writing and drawing. They make and count hundreds of sun-dried bricks; they read stories about the house and the people and animals who belong to it. More important lessons they learn from this educational mud-pie play, for the question of windows arises, and the unsanitary, windowless village home is condemned as the boys' knowledge of health grows. Clay figures are made to inhabit the house, and the conversation is led to the proper care of animals or to the problems of right relationships in the home. Often the Bible lessons present Christian ideals of home life. One year, several weeks of the Bible period were spent in

county fair, in the market town of Moga. Here trips to villages at least once a week, on Sundays they explained to visitors the details and distrib- and sometimes oftener, and hold Christian servuted a leaflet prepared by themselves, giving esti- ices. Sometimes lectures are given or dramas for health education, etc. What is needed is more conmates of cost and the kind of houses advocated. tinuity in their efforts, more actual practice in Through experiences like these, Moga boys are meeting human needs. For this we hope to have a Moga-on-Wheels, a well-equipped demonstration preparing to enter helpfully into the life of the truck, in which four students, with teaching mavillage. All the older classes share also in definite terials, a small library, simple remedies, samples of seeds and improved agricultural implements, a lantern with colored Bible pictures, etc., can travel to a remote village and live there for a week at a time to carry on practical Christian work. With such a truck, the Normal Class would be able to influence greatly all that region, and would be more effectively trained in meeting the problems they will actually have to face when they graduate.

PRACTICE TEACHING WITH THE VILLAGE TRAINING CLASS Influence of Moga evangelistic work in nearby villages. Every Sun- That education should be closely related to enday, groups of boys, under the leadership of teach- vironment and should give practical preparation ers, visit villages within a three-mile radius to for life may seem axiomatic to some readers. But conduct Christian services. these principles have had very narrow application in Indian education. In the field of rural education Training Workers for the Villages the experiment at Moga has attracted much atten- tion and has had a wide influence not only on the In the Normal Class these experiences are gath- schools conducted by missions but on Indian eduered up into a definite course of training for rural cators as well. The following comments by Indian workers. Only thirty-five young men can be ad- visitors, who are in positions of control in public mitted to this class, although last year eighty- education, show appreciation of some of the ideals three filed applications with complete credentials. of this Christian school: The school dormitories are very inadequate, and these thirty-five occupy quarters that would be "The school is not merely a school; it is a traincrowded for thirty. In spite of primitive living ing center, an agricultural farm, a workshop, a conditions, hard work and poverty, many more home, and so many other things combined. The beg for this training than can receive it. The one- institution teaches self-help, self-dependence and year course also is woefully inadequate. In that self-reliance, and gives a thoroughly practical year they learn methods of teaching and manag- turn of mind to its students. I congratulate the ing primary schools and have a fair amount of missionary society and its workers on the new practice teaching under controlled conditions. They ideas and new ideals which they have placed bediscuss the. improvement of village sanitation, fore the people of thiS' country," wrote the Minissocial and economic conditions in the village, and learn something of methods of adult education. ter of Education of the Panjah.* But it is possible in one year to give them only very little actual practice in ministering to the "I feel that we need more schools of this kind needs of village people. and I am grateful for the work which the pro- moters are doing for my country," was the testi- What is desperately needed for Moga Training mony of Sir Jogindra Singh.t School is another dormitory and another teacher to make possible two years of training. We have It is clear, from these and many other comments a plan for making this training intensely practi- of visitors, that patriotic Indians see in the Moga cal. We hope to apply the principle of learning by experiment principles that should more largely doing, to the teaching of village uplift. This is control Indian education. done to some extent now, for these students make Character Building Through Experience Moga is not satisfied with merely promoting the practical trend in education. It is concerned with the growth of Christian character, and that in- volves far more than preparation to earn a liveli- *A Hindu.

t A Sikh.

hood. The teachers believe that their God-given than teacher-guided student-discipline. Didactic task is to guide the development of individuals methods in the classroom sometimes produce a who will find their highest happiness in serving better apparent result than pupil-purposing and others. The fullest opportunity must be given for pupil-activity methods. These new ways are often the growth of each pupil. Such is not the effect, perplexing, sometimes discouraging; but so are in India, of traditional methods of teaching. This. all Christ's principles when we actually try to put is the reason why Moga has definitely challenged them into practice. The Kingdom which Christ the stereotyped, formal methods of instruction proclaimed is a "new" thing. When His teachings and demonstrated methods which are, in India, and His spirit rule in the content and method of new and revolutionary. In every classroom and education, we shall have "new" schools.

in outside activities, pupils are encouraged to Christians who ca~ stand alone are needed in choose and to plan. The methods used by the modern India. The Indian Church is fast becom- teachers stimulate the boys to think for them- ing self-conscious, is stirring with new life, and selves, to assume responsibility and to work to- faces many problems. Her leaders feel keenly gether for the common good. Each boy in the the need of more spiritual power in the members school earns part of the expense of his education of the churches which will impel them to joyful, by his own labor. Every boy of the Fourth sacrificial service. They are conscious of the Grade and above rents from the school a plot on Church's failure to interpret the Christian mes- which he raises vegetables which he markets. He sage to their own people in modes of thought that also shares in raising wheat, makes simpJe articles are Indian and not mere copies of Western think- in the village trades shop and does miscellaneous ing. They deplore the extent to which lack of jobs paid for by the hour. The younger boys independence has weakened the self-respect of the share in some of these ways of earning. All of Church.

them keep their own accounts of labor and profits, In the long run, Christian education holds the and at the end of each month receive the net cash, key to these problems. Theodore Roosevelt once from which each personally pays a sum, deter- said, "Nine-tenths of wisdom is being wise in mined according to age and earning ability, time." Christian education in India must be wise towards his tuition and board. Moga boys man- in time while it is able to guide the growth of age most of the affairs of the school by means of young Christians, the future leaders of the committees. They purchase and cook their own food, care for the buildings and grounds, and share in the government of the school.

Two illustrations may show how purpose and initiative are stimulated. On one occasion, the student body decided to close school for two full days. The purpose of this holiday was that they might share in the Evangelistic Campaign of the Churches in the Panjal>. Nearly all the boys spent long hours selling Gospels and witnessing in the bazaars and villages. The "holiday" involved sacrifice of some of their chances for earning money, as classroom hours had to be made up at the expense of working hours.

On another occasion, and indeed frequently when objects for giving have been presented, the boys shamed older Christians by their free choice A VILLAGE SCHOOL WHERE A MOGA BOY TEACHES of really sacrificial giving. They gave to a special Church. It must be recognized that in Christian appeal for orphans in the Near East, from their schools, the most important consideration is not own earnings, an amount which averaged per boy fulfilling the stereotyped requirements of the one-fifth of his monthly earnings. school tradition, but affording opportunities for independent thinking, initiative, joyful coopera- Of course, all is not ideal at Moga. Character- tion and loving service. Modern methods at Moga building is uphill work. It is not easy to be con- are important for the Christian movement in sistent in using methods which stimulate self- India because they contribute to that "life abunactivity. The experiment of student government dant" which Christ came to make possible, and bedoes not always work smoothly. It would often cause they are in harmony with the methods of be easier to use autocratic methods. Discipline the Great Teacher himself. by teachers and authorities is easier to administer

Students In Mission Schools*

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I~" Missionary Bishop 0/ the Church 0/ England T HE Garden of God has in it flowers of every I not only mean that it is a means of bringing our girls to hue and of endless variety. On the part of accept the ethical teaching of Christ, but rather of trying the gardeners this demands infinite adapta- to help them to know Christ as their Saviour, of putting before them His claims, and of trying to lead them to a bility, constant thought, wondrous patience. If full surrender to Him. Indeed I feel this so strongly that I believe I would not stay longer in the work if I felt that the same treatment is meted out to all plants I could only influence them from a Christian ethical standalike, some will wither and die; some will produce point, and not really strive to win individual lives for abundant blossom; many will be dwarfed and Jesus Christ Himself. My own strong feelings in this stunted. They will bloom, but Are mission schools and col- matter are chiefly due to my certheir color will be poor and leges to be definitely mission- tainty that even Christian ethics are their fragrance but faint. ary in purpose and program of no avail without the power of a or are they to work indirectly Saviour behind, and that I have no In reading interesting cor- to promote Christianity with- right to call girls to the awful strugrespondence dealing with evan- out seeking to win pupils to gle of following His teaching withgelism through schools, I have Christ? This is a question on out first showing the joy and peace been impressed with the great which many good Christians of full surrender to Him. variety of aim and method, of honestly differ. It is impordifficulty and result. Methods tant and Bishop Linton of This principal goes on to say which are suitable for a Per- Persia speaks from experience that she in no wise minimizes sian garden appear to be as to the effectiveness of def- the opportunity of leavening wholly impossible in the glare inite evangelism as of prime the thought of the nation by of a Turkish sun or the arid importance in the Christian the teaching of Jesus Christ, desert of Arabia. Soil and cir- missionary educational pro- nor would she deny that this cumstance are factors which gram. should be a definite aim in our the gardener must be con- work; only she would emphastantly studying if he expects size that it is not enough. We to produce flowers of fragrance ought to get the truest Chrisand beauty which will in turn tian influence permeating the community when we get com- be reproductive and which will plete surrender of the in- permanently b e aut i f y the dividual to Christ.

Garden of God. The dean of a college which has recently had a And the flowers of our garden are God's litt~e remarkable number of conversions among non- ones, of whom the Head Gardener has counselled Christian stUdents writes that "the primary us that we offend them not, and despise them not, purpose" of the college "is to lead men to a knowl- for they are the very choicest flowers in the edge of Jesus Christ, which knowledge, we be- Garden of His Father. lieve, is the way of salvation for them, and the What are the aims of Christian education? only way of which we know anything." There- From a most interesting sheaf of correspondence fore," every reasonable effort consistent with fair- I quote a few. ness and tolerance is exerted to bring to the at- One experienced girls' school principal in a tention of the students the salvation which is Moslem city with its own peculiar difficulties, offered to all men in and through Jesus Christ."

writes: ' The effect of presenting the ethical teaching After some years 'of work I am still a real believer in of Christ with its leavening effect on society is a educational work as an evangelistic agency; and by that by-product of its main purpose. Yet, this is con- • A paper read at the meeting of the Near East Christian Council sidered of such importance, that if the direct and published in The Mosle= World, By Bishop James H. Linton, evangelistic purpose were for any reason inipos- Isfahan, Persia, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England.

[88] sible, they would still feel the existence of the aware of the Christian teaching given in all college to be justified if they could carry out such classes, and year by year the Church roll records a program of presenting the ethical teaching of the number of those who, after public confession Christ to the students as would mean incorporat- and due probation, have been admitted to the ing this in the life of the nation. But, in the face Church by Holy Baptism. Another principal in a of serious governmental restrictions, they are still Jewish school says, "The Jewish field of service is able to carry out the primary purpose, and just at a very promising one. During my seven years of present they are unable to care for the success service we have had many out-and-out conver- that they have been experiencing. sions."

I quote the above testimony as an encourage- In one of the colleges referred to earlier, some- ment to those who are carrying on educational thing over forty Moslem students recently either work in circumstances of difficulty and external made a definite confession of faith in Christ or restrictions. The results attained may well in- signified their desire to be further instructed in spire others to get in touch with this college, with His teaching. This followed a parochial "mission"

a view to considering whether for them there conducted on lines similar to those we have in may be a possibility of adapting such methods in America or England. In the same town about evangelism. thirty Jews also signed cards to the same effect.

The principal of a girls' school tells that until The dean of the college says that at present the recently the pupils were preponderatingly mem- chief limitation he has in this work of evangelism bers of the ancient Eastern Churches. It was then is lack of time and strength. From another school easy to maintain unequivocally that their aim was in the area the principal gives similar testimony.

to bring their girls to a knowledge of Christ and In this college it has ceased to be a matter of a fuller fellowship with Him. And they had good comment when a student becomes a Christian.

results. Today the aim is still the same, but they Another of the professors in the same college, have an increasing number of Moslem girls and writing of the results of the mission that was are also faced with governmental restrictions as held, says: "It may encourage workers [in other to Christian teaching to Moslems, together with areas] to go forward with direct evangelism. For more stringent demands as to educational stand- it is to this that we are surely called.. It ought ard, and she has to confess that the .aim is not also to warn us all never to be content with an being attained with the same success as formerly. ethical and cultural influencing of the nation. For, But they "plough in hO,pe," and feel justified in if we get that aim firmly fixed on our conscious- going on with comparatively more emphasis on ness, we are in danger of never hitting the other the secondary aim, viz., so getting the ethical target. We, too, have had our barren years when teaching of Jesus Christ across to their pupils we sowed in tears and hope, and sometimes hardly that the bonds of fear and superstition are broken, in hope. Today we are reaping – not perhaps a and they hope eventually to be able to get the harvest as in parts of Africa and India, but good evangelistic message once more into the forefront grain for all that."

of their purpose. A careful consideration of the correspondence I have little use for mere statistics, and realize received goes to show that in most cases you how misleading these may be even in the hand of eventually hit the target at which you aim. Those honest folk like missionaries! Bernard Lucas once who preach a positive Christian message and aim said that it was doubtless very interesting for at conversion, as a rule, seem to get conversions.

David to number the children of Israel, but it There are few schools which aim at conversion proved disastrous for the nation! How often we and have none to report. Some have waited long have found, too, that after telling in a missionary and patiently. Some are still waiting. Some have magazine the story of some striking conversion, them rarely. A few have recently had more than the devil seemed to get to work at once to make their staff can adequately care for.

havoc of the convert! Similarly, those who aim primarily at "cultural"

results are getting them. Some honestly do not Forty Students Become Christians think that conversion is a justifiable aim in school Still, let us give glory to God. The principal of work, and naturally conversions are more "accia school for Jews in a Moslem land says that dental" than on purpose. One school, typical of though his school is well known as a Christian this class, reports that they know of no case in institution, and there are very efficient Jewish recent years where a non-Christian student made schools in the town, they have just under five a profession of faith in Christ, but they know of hundred pupils and are unable, for lack of accom- many who would admit that the influence of Jesus modation, to receive any more. Parents are fully Christ has changed their lives.

One interesting feature in several places is the that the Christian staff be sufficient to allow for experimental work of Christian converts. They plenty of time outside class for personal work. If conduct branches of the Scripture Union, or help the Christian staff is working all the time at full in Christian Endeavor Societies. Some are evan- pressure on the purely educational side, the defi- gelists employed by churches or missions, others nitely missionary work inevitably suffers.

are colporteurs of the Bible Society. Jewish con- One college reports that it has appointed one verts to Christianity are seeking to win Moslems man on the staff solely for religious work among to Christ. Christian students are engaging in vari- the students, thus putting the religious work of ous forms of social service for non-Christians. In the college on at least an equal footing with other one school the girls had winter parties for poor departments. In addition there is, of course, the Moslem girls, and at Christmas gave them food part-time cooperation of the other Christian mem- and clothing, dolls, etc. This was made the occa- bers of the staff. The total impact of this is felt sion of a charge by the local education authority to be considerable and the department of religious that they had invited outsiders for the purpose education is said to be the livest in the college.

of anti-Islamic conversions! In some places the The course includes CharacterStudies in the Bible, Y. M. C. A. is proving a useful organization, Chris- the Life of Jesus Christ, Christian Philosophy, tian clubs in others. Girls organize games, etc., Christian Sociology, etc. The method of approach for young carpet weavers. In one college the is that of the student's need and our possession of Christian Union members visit some other town religious values that may be serviceable to him, during the Easter holidays and by very open and rather than any propagandist approach.

direct evangelism, largely by personal and indi- Denationalizing is a charge that is easy to hurl vidual work, they seek to win non-Christians for against schools under foreign control and one that the Lord Jesus Christ. The summer school camps is not altogether easy to rebut. We do belong to are proving a valuable outlet for the ev,angelistic another nation, though we try to keep all undue zeal of young converts and a source of gaining foreign influence altogether out of our work. In fresh converts to Christ. the area which we represent, with its growing and The value of hostels is emphasized by several as intense national spirit, we must be on our guard almost the most effective single means for gaining all the time against anything that might be that personal contact with students which is es- charged against us as anti-national.

sential in school evangelism. There are opportu- Follow-u,p work is one that clearly calls for con- nities for voluntary prayers, Sunday services and sideration. It is easy to make this statement, but unrestricted personal work, all of which are much unless the Christian staff of the school can be in- more difficult to get where there is no hostel. In creased so that the school does its own follow-up the absence of a hostel, one principal writes that work, or what is probably much better, that there her house, adjoining the school, has become a sort should be such close interrelation between the of second home for her pupils. This gives her evangelistic workers and the school that these can opportunities for talks with the girls without the do this work, there is sure to be constant leakage.

danger of being interrupted. Also walks with the So we look over this plot which the Great Gar- girls are useful and classes for enquirers. dener has committed to our care. We confess our Those who know something of the "Oxford failure in many things, but what stands out prom- Groups" will understand the value of "fellowship inently in all the correspondence is, that in every meetings," both those for members of the staff place the gardeners have a high ideal of their task and those where members of the staff and Chris- and a fine sense of responsibility in this important tian students meet together in this way. The bit of work. The spirit of prayer breathes through principal of one college where this method is car- the whole. The sowing is going on, and it is being ried out says he feels that the fellowship has been done in faith and hope, tended and watered with the most important means of producing the spir- patience and prayer. There are flowers of rare itual results they have experienced in the college. beauty springing up even in desert soil. Surely The Christian life of the students has been deep- the Great Gardener Himself loves to come down ened, the active Christian witness of the college is in the cool of the day, to behold the fair beauty of full of life, and a spirit of harmony prevails. If His garden and encourage us, His servants, as we this sort of witness is to be effective it is essential work and pray.

mlfat nntlfing bt lollt. Jolfn Ill. 12. llllllll cartful tift Iloril of ctilory mas to "gatlftr up tift fragmtnts!" ~ tnfintttly mtaltlfy Ilnril ts uot mtaltlfy tuoU!J1f to "tlfrlllll tlfings amay:' Jlt cannot atroril to malltr brtail. Q!an Jlt atroril to lost a soul? "Jlt gottlf ont afttr tlfal mlftrlf is (ost until Jlt finils tt:'-J. lll. JlIlIIttt.

Mission Boards Worth While?*

..:( By the Rev. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D. D. ) :..

Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WORLD evangelization being the supreme of details little understood by the average home work of the Church, the method of admin- congregation. Problems and interrelations with istration should be commensurate with the other work and workers and questions of mission task to be performed. Such a work cannot be policy are involved, which, from the nature of the properly done by individuals or congregations act- case, are entirely beyond the experience of the ing separately. It is too vast, the distance too minister of a home church, and which call for an great, the single act too small. Local churches expert knowledge only possible to one who dedo not have the experience in dealing with mis- votes his entire time to their acquisition. Mis,;, sionary problems or the knowledge of details nec- sionary work has long since passed the experimenessary for the proper conduct of such' an enter- tal stage, and an apparently simple question may prise. Moreover, the individual may die or lose have bearings that even friends do not suspect. his money. The single church under another pas- The experiment of having each state control its tor may become indifferent or discouraged. In own regiments in a national war has been tried, any case, the work would lack stability. It would and with such disastrous results that it is not be fitful, sporadic, too dependent upon accidental likely to be repeated. knowledge or temporary emotion. A chance newspaper article or a visit from some enthusiastic It is neither safe nor sensible for the Church to missionary might direct a disproportionate stream leave such a large and important undertaking to of gifts to one field, while others perhaps more individuals or to local congregations. The Lord's important would be neglected. The wise expendi- work calls for expert methods. The whole Church ture of large sums of money in distant lands, the must take up this matter. It must form a responchecks and safeguards essential to prudent con- sible agency, whose outlook is over the whole field trol, the equitable distribution of workers and and through which individuals and churches can forms of work, the proper balancing of interests work together and to the best advantage. There between widely scattered and isolated points, the must be some lens which shall gather up the scatformulation of principles of mission policy-these tered rays of local effort and focus them: where require a strong administrative board. they are needed; some institution whose stability will not be imperilled by changes in personnel. The Christian missionary campaign is spiritual warfare on a vast scale, and it cannot be adequate- Recognizing these needs, each of the leading dely prosecuted by individuals operating indepen- nominations has constituted a Board of Foreign dently, however conscientious. There must be a Missions as the main channel through which it central organization with breadth of plan, unity may unitedly, wisely, and systematically carryon of movement, and persistence of purpose. A local this work for humanity and for God. These mischurch or conference can, with comparative ease, sion boards are composed not only of leading clersupervise the work within its bounds and there- gymen, but include bank presidents, successful fore under its immediate oversight; but foreign merchants and lawyers, directors of large corpomissionary work is remote, in many different lan- rations, and women of eminent ability and devoguages, and among diverse peoples. It is a varied tion. They are trusted leaders in other spheres and complex work, including not only churches but and their judgment is of no less value when they day-schools, boarding schools, industrial schools, deal with the extension of the Kingdom of God. normal schools, colleges, universities, medical and These men and women devote much time and labor theological schools, inquirers' classes, hospitals, to the affairs of the boards, leaving their own dispensaries, translating, publishing and distrib- work, often at great inconvenience, to attend board meetings, in which they earnestly and uting books and tracts, the purchase and care of • Dr. Brown's book. "The Foreign Missionary." first published in property, the health and homes and furloughs of 1907, and which has. been reprinted twelve times, has been thoroughly revised and the thirteenth printing i. now in press. Facts and stamissionaries, fluctuating currencies of many tistics have been brought down to date. With the consent of the pub- lisher, the Fleming H. Revell Company, 158 Fifth Ave., New York, kinds, negotiations with governments, and a mass this article quotes freely from the chapter on "Missionary Administra- tion" in the new and revised edition. EDITOR.

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prayerfully consider the work committed to their avoid debt. The world-wide work, being conducted care. The churches owe much to their boards, on so large a scale and over so vast a territory, which are unselfishly administering their great cannot be hurriedly adjusted to financial changes trust. Though they may make occasional mis- in the United States. A board is responsible for takes, their loyalty, devotion, and intelligence are maintaining the work on a stable basis and cannot a reasonable guarantee that they will wisely serve radically change its program without warning. It the cause that is .as dear to them as to others. operates in distant lands, some so remote that sev- In the handling of missionary money great care eral months are required for the interchange of is taken by these mission boards. Some years ago letters. Plans and pledges must be made far in a Buffalo banker and a Pittsburgh merchant made advance. Moreover, missionaries are sent to a a thorough examination of the financial methods distant field for a life service and cannot be sum- of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, marily discharged as a merchant may discharge a and bore "testimony to the complete and business- clerk. The board reserves the right of recall, but like methods that are followed in the office man- should not exercise this right save for serious agement, which we believe are fully up to the best cause. Foreign missionaries are working among practice in the leading financial and industrial people of a different race, often unsympathetic,and institutions of the country, and give assurance must receive their salaries promptly. The home that the business entrusted to this office is churches do not want to send a "forlorn hope"

'promptly, efficiently, and economically conducted." into Asia and Africa and then desert it. This No doubt the same is true of other boards. The policy, however, involves financial risks to the editor of a leading religious weekly declared that boards because of the uncertainty of income.

"no trust company handles more money at a less Churches do not supply the funds in advance.

expense, with a smaller percentage of loss, than Most of them do not even make pledges. The the benevolent agencies of the Church." result is that the boards must often borrow money Since the members and officers of the boards to meet their responsibilities, especially since are or have been pastors and contributing mem- many local church treasurers do not forward of- bers of churches, they know that the money they ferings till the last days of the fiscal year.

receive includes not only the gifts of the rich, but Keeping in Touch with the Workers the self-sacrifice of the poor. They regard these gifts as a sacred trust to be expended with more It is a very important part of the work of mis- than ordinary care. sion boards to keep in close touch with the work- There are, of course, necessary expenditures for ers on the field. The secretaries give much time administration. A board must have offices and to correspondence with individual missionaries facilities for doing its work efficiently. The and to conferences with those at home on fur- churches wish to have their missionaries ade- lough. Their views are eagerly sought in making quately supported for a life work, so that an decisions affecting the work. Most boards send administrative agency must be maintained com- a secretary or a deputation to the field at intervals mensurate with the obligations assumed. Still, of a few years, for the express purpose of becom- the proportionate cost of administration of denom- ing more fully informed regarding the work, and inational boards is low. The percentage varies, as to discuss the problems on the field. Many board some have free rentals and unpaid agents, and the members have also personally visited the field and cost of stimulating interest in the churches is not have become experts in handling mission prob- always included in administrative expense. In lems. We doubt whether even the most reckless general, the cost of administration proper, com- critic will challenge the mission board secretaries pared with the total expense of maintaining the with any lack of knowledge of missions or incom- work, ranges from four to seven per cent. That petence :as missionary administrators. Many of is, it takes but little more than the value of a for- them have served as missionaries on the field and eign postage stamp to send a missionary dollar to know the problems from long experience. It is Asia or Africa. What mercantile concern, doing the policy of the boards to attach great weight to a great business and requiring the services of a the judgment of the missionaries and to give them large number of persons scattered over the world, liberty of action consistent with prudent adminis- can show as low a percentage? Dr. Henry Van tration. The presum;ption is always in favor of Dyke once made inquiries of several large corpora- granting requests of the devoted and trusted tions, railway, manufacturing, and mercantile, and workers on the field. Annual appropriations for found that their average administrative cost was current work are ordinarily made for each mission 12.75 per cent.; in one establishment it rose to in a lump sum, leaving the mission wide discretion twenty per cent. in determining how the funds available can be ex- It is more difficult than many might imagine to pended to the best advantage.

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

Missionaries do not always appreciate the diffi· forming its decisions by its relations with all the culties that beset an effort to ascertain their missions, by conferences with boards of other de- views. They represent so many different types nominations, and by long experience in dealing that there is certain to be divergent opinions. with similar missionary problems.

The same difficulty is experienced when sev- Missionaries and the Home Church eral hundred ministers and laymen meet in their home Church. A proposal from a board reaches The Mission Boards are important and essential three or four families at some remote station. means of contact between the missionary on the They do not know the views of workers in other field and the Church at home. They seek to be lands, nor do they have the benefit of opinions ex- channels of communication through which infor- pressed in a debate. The result is that the mis- mation may flow to and from the field. Mission- sionaries cast a vote which they might not cast if aries are asked to write quarterly letters home, they could have profited by the views of their as- which the Board duplicates and mails to the in- sociates in other countries. Each mission is apt terested friends and supporters whose addresses to suggest some amendment so that the returns it can secure. Learning by experience that many to the board are a chaos of conflicting views. missionaries are irregular in writing such letters, A medical missionary once wrote to me propos- the Board asks each station to designate one of ing certain changes in the manual rule affecting its members to write these letters describing the the medical missionaries. A copy of his letter, work of the station, and widely distributes these with a request for an opinion, was sen~ to every letters. Many Boards maintain a special depart- medical missionary connected with the board, so ment for transmitting such letters of mission- that a general policy might be formulated. Three aries to the home constituency, and also send to years later, only about half the medical mission- missionaries copies of a leaflet urging the impor- aries had been heard from. Men and women, tance of letters and suggesting the kind that are scattered over Asia, Africa, ,and Latin America, most effective in arousing and maintaining the who seldom see one another and who do not have missionary interest of friends at home. Pastors, intercommunication except through the board, in turn, are asked by the Board to keep in touch cannot be made the unit of missionary adminis- by correspondence with the missionaries in whom tration. their churches are particularly interested and for Some missionaries have protested against the whom they assume some responsibility.

policy of consulting missionaries on matters that When a missionary returns on furlough, the cannot be discussed in a mission meeting without Board expects him or her, if physically possible, embarrassment and fear of personal offense. In to visit the Church which is particularly interest- such cases the mission vote is apt to represent the ed, and in all the educational and inspirational sentiment of those personally involved rather than campaigns which the Board conducts among the that of the mission as a whole. One missionary home churches, furloughed missionaries are used.

frankly said: "We have difficulty enough to keep Indeed, those who are good speakers have some- harmony on the mission field without the board times said that they are asked to do more itinerat- throwing firebrands into our meetings. What is ing at home on furloughs than they do on the the board for if it cannot decide such questions? foreign field. The anxiety of a Board Secretary Your knowledge of the missionaries and your ac- to prevent the unwise diversion of gifts from the quaintance with missionary problems are such authorized budget, upon which the stability of the that you ought to know what should be done." work rests, occasionally leads to an objection to It should be borne in mind that the decision of individual appeals for an object that one mission- many questions by a board is required, not only by ary may deem very important but which has not the necessities of the case, but by the board's re- been approved by the Mission or the Board. But lation to the church which has assigned to it the the policy of the boards is to facilitate in every duty of directing the missionary enterprise. Cer- practicable way the closest personal relations be- tain questions must come to the home office for tween the missionaries and the supporting con- final decision, because they must be decided by stituency and to keep the channel wide open for somebody and the board has been formed for that all reasonable intercommunication. The earnest purpose. The board is held to strict account for desire and endeavor of Mission Board secretaries the supervision of the work, and it assumes re- is to keep the Church at home fully informed as to sponsibilities for the maintenance of missionaries the work and to cultivate true fellowship in and their work that are inseparable from a degree prayer, intelligent interest and adequate sup- of administrative control. If anything goes port of the great work of Christ in which we are wrong the home Church blames the board rather all partners.

than the missionary. The board is also aided in Every board would admit that, in deciding nu-

merQus and perplexing questiQns, SQme Qf them crusade but a settled campaign, and they are plandelicate and difficult and Qn which gQQd men differ, ning it with all the skill and prudence they po.ssess. errQrs Qf judgment sQmetimes Qccur. It is prQb- They study the broad principles o.f missio.ns, read able, hQwever, that if any o.ne were to. make a list the lessQns that they have been taught by a hun- Qf the real defects in present administrative meth- dred years o.f missio.nary effQrt, abandQn plans ods, he wo.uld learn that the bQards already are that have been fQund defective, and adQpt new earnestly striving to. remedy them. Dr. William Qnes that pro.mise better results. Every year the N. Clarke expressed the fQllo.wing o.piniQn: Qfficers and representatives Qf Qver sixty bo.ards in the United States and Canada meet fQr cQnference The sharpest criticism usually comes from those who as to. the best metho.ds o.f carrying o.n missio.nary know the work only from the outside, and have no idea QperatiQns, and an amo.unt Qf care and thQught is either of its real magnitude or of the immense complica- given to. the whQle subject that wo.uld surprise the tions that it involves. Large parts of the work of mission- average critic. ary boards imply matters that are confidential in their nature. A certain amount of reserve is absolutely required There is no. gro.und fQr the assumptio.n o.f so.me by justice and by the interests of the work. Matters that that the wo.rk o.f a church bo.ard is no.t a "faith can be openly discussed are often fully intelligible only to wo.rk." At the beginning o.f each year the bo.ard those who know great classes of surrounding facts. When makes its apprQpriatio.ns so.lely o.n the faith that a board is blamed about some occurrence on the foreign Go.d will mQve the Churches to. pro.vide the necesfield, there is almost sure to be involved some personal sary mo.ney. Since this wo.rk is suppo.rted by the matter in which prejudice for or against someone may gifts o.f His peo.ple, it is fair to. assume that He easily mislead an outside judgment, and even in the inner will bless them when they mo.ve unitedly and circle a just and wise judgment requires the utmost prayerfully fo.r the acco.mplishment o.f the chief caution. All administrative work is, of course, justly open wo.rk that He has laid upo.n them. He is quite as to candid and reasonable criticism, and no missionary apt to. guide the men who.m the Church "IQo.ks society expects or asks to escape it; but there are com- o.ut" as "Qf hQnest repQrt, full Qf the Ho.ly Spirit paratively few persons who are thoroughly qualified to criticise the administration of the great missionary organ- and wisdo.m" and appo.ints "o.ver this business," izations except in a very general way. Even f.or those who as He is to. guide an individual, ho.wever sincere have intimate knowledge enough to be capable of intelli- o.r enthusiastic. These Bo.ard members reverently gent criticism, it often proves far easier to see faults in lo.o.k to. the Ho.ly Spirit as the administrator o.f the the policy of the great societies than to propose radical enterprise, believing that their chief reliance must improvements upon their general method of administra- be upo.n His guidance. They realize that God is tion. It is a case where correction even of acknowledged no.tJimited to. human methQds and that the failure faults, though it be ever so much desired, is often beset with unsuspected difficulty. Hence, the case is one that o.f a cherished plan may no.t augur injury to the evidently calls for mutual confidence and loyal cooperation among those who are interested together in missions. The cause but o.nly defect in the plan. They feel that fact ought to be taken more closely home to the popular their o.nly safety is to. keep clo.se to. Christ and to. Christian heart that a missionary society is conducting a seek to. kno.w His will. Prayer, therefo.re, begins work of exceptional magnitude and difficulty, under condi- and pervades all deliberatiQns and wings every tions that render misjudgment of its doings extremely appeal fo.r funds. Heavy as are the anxieties and easy, and that its officers deserve sympathetic and respect- respo.nsibilities, every Bo.ard co.unts it an ho.no.r and a privilege to. represent the Church o.f God in ful judgment from all their brethren.* the administratiQn o.f this nQblest o.f all Christian activities. Missio.n bQards are giving increasing attentiQn to. the principles o.f an intelligent and cQmprehensive PQlicy. They are no.t merely cQnducting a • A Study of Christian Missions. Pp. 128, 134. 135.

"HAVE FAITH! GO FORWARD"

Tho.mas A. Ediso.n, Qne o.f the WQrld's greatest men, after 84 years o.f a full and en· ergetic life, gave to the wo.rld's largest audience, o.ver the radio. last June, what prQved to. be his final public utterance. His wo.rds make a mQst po.werful sermQn.

The message was spo.ken at a time when banks were cQntinuing to. go. to. the wall, when unemplo.yment was steadily increasing, when sales o.f all kinds were being held and many stQres were cutting prices to. the limit, with little o.r no. pro.fit. Pessimistic statements were the rule.

What shQuld such a man say at such a time? Here are his wQrds : "My message to. yQU is. to. be co.urageo.us! I have lived a lo.ng time. I have seen his- tQry repeat itself again and again. I have seen many depressiQns in business. Always America has emerged fro.m these strQnger and mQre pro.sperQUS. Be as brave as yo.ur fathers were befQre yQU. Have faith! Go. fQrward!"

A Forw-ard Movement In China*

The China Inland Mission's Answer to Satan's Challenge By the REV. ROBERT HALL GLOVER, M. D., F. R. G. S., Philadelphia j:..

Home Director of tht: China Inland Mission in NOTth America A LITTLE more than four years ago, in The critic and avowed enemy of missions like- 1927, a new and fierce anti-Christian and wise said, anti-missionary agitation suddenly broke "No," but went a bit further and added, "It out in China. This was inspired by Communist serves you right. You are getting just what you propagandists, who incited the Chinese soldiery deserve for your impertinence in forcing your and student body to acts of violence, particularly Western religion upon people who have their own directed against missionaries and other for- religions."

eigners. The Western governments became Then there was the discouraged missionary, alarmed and promptly ordered who had suffered heavy mate- their nationals to withdraw rial loss and shameful insult, from the interior. And so the The present Forward Move- and whose vision, dimmed with large majority of missionaries ment of the China Inland Mis- tears, could for the time dis- all over China were forced to sion, vitally important as it is cern little hope for the resump- leave their stations, and their by reason of the ends in view, tion of missionary activities.

beloved converts and work of assumes an added significance But there were missionaries years, and to make their way to when it is realized that it whose anointed eyes saw the the coast. Thus almost before caine into being as the direct situation in a very different they were aware of it, several result of one of the heaviest light. That the blow had come hundred C. I. M. missionaries, blows which Satan ever dealt directly from Satan, and with among others,found themselves the missionary cause in China. intent to ruin the work of mis- out of inland China and with Once again has the great Cap- sions, they doubted not. But the door closed behind them. tain of our salvation out-ma- did the Word anywhere teach It was a sad hour for these neuvered his crafty adver- that God's servants were ever missionaries and for the Mis- sary, and turned the devi1's to accept defeat at the hands sion, and the outlook from the weapons against himself, so of Satan? Assuredly not. Had human point of view was dark. that his deliberate attempt to Satan at any time succeeded by Would the door of missionary destroy the work of missions persecution in destroying the opportunity ever reopen? That ,has been made by the Lord cause of Christ? Far from it.

question was in many minds the very means–so far, at He tried to do so at the very and upon many lips, and was least, as the China Inland Mis- outset of the missionary enter- variously answered by differ- sion is concerned–of impart- prise when he inspired the ent classes of people. The ing fresh zeal and energy to stoning to death of Stephen.

w 0 rId 1y-w i seman, always the enterprise and projecting But he only succeeded thereby s k e p tic a I about missionary a vigorous advance into new in giving new impulse and work, unhesitatingly answered: territory. This is why the breadth to the movement, for "No. It is just as I expected. Forward Movement in ques- "they that were s cat t ere d How could missionaries be so tion can properly be called the abroad went every where foolish as to imagine that they Mission's answer to Satan's preaching the word," so that could ever change the deeply challenge, its counter-offen- converts were multiplied and rooted religious ideas of the sive in the teeth' of the en- the scope of Gospel effort was Chinese?" emy's vicious assault.-R.H.G. greatly extended.

• From China's Millions, December, 1931. So it was with every suc- [95]

ceeding persecution recorded in the Book of Acts. non-Christians alike, and found opportunities for The great missionary apostle, Paul, testified that the Gospel greater than ever before. Suffering the persecutions which befell him had "fallen out and oppression .had chastened many hearts and rather unto the progress of the gospel," and he made them more susceptible to the Christian followed on to exhort his fellow-workers to be message.

"in nothing terrified by your adversaries." If The Chinese Christians for the most part stood the New Testament stresses one thing more than true through the fires of affliction and were puri- any other about missions it is that the opposition fied and strengthened, while their leaders wonder- and persecution stirred up by the enemy are fully developed in spiritual gift and grace. Many among the most fruitful means, through God's churches have been sorely tested and severely transforming power, of advancing the enterprise. handicapped in their efforts toward larger self- Every such assault of the adversary today, there- support and self-extension, by reason of the ter- fore, should be made the occasion of a forward rible conditions of civil war, banditry, famine and movement issuing in fresh expansion and in- pestilence which have been so prevalent. Never- creased spiritual results. theless, substantial progress has been made by That is the way the China Inland Mission was many of them, and there have been some inspir- led to regard the adverse situation with which ing examples of faithful and fruitful evangelistic it was confronted four years ago. Was mission- effort.

ary work in China at an end? How could it The missionaries on their part have lost no time possibly be with Christ's Great Commission un- in actually launching the proj ected Forward Move- revoked and the task of giving the Gospel to ment. From center after center in the various China's millions stilI so very far from completed? provinces the workers have pushed out courage- At whatever cost, the work must go on. And ously into new territory in the face of terrific odds so the Mission went upon its face before God in against them. It is not at all surprising that such fervent prayer for the reopening of the door and an advance should meet with the stubborn resist- for clear guidance as to its future plans. ance of our great adversary, and one cannot fail Those were days of deep heart-searching as to see his hand in the stirring up of political strife, well as earnest pleading with God. Then He gave the depredations of bloody bandits, the wicked the vision and conviction for an aggressive ad- machinations of Red Communists, and the sicken- vance. In prayerful conference together it was ing horrors of the Moslem uprising in Kansu, as resolved that when the missionaries were per- well as in the tragic succession of dire calamities mitted to return it would not be to retain any -famine, disease and flood-which have befallen longer in their own hands the care of local that unhappy land, taking an appalling toll of life churches, but to pass this over to their Chinese and plunging tens of millions of survivors into colleagues and thus to free themselves for an abject poverty and helpless despair. Under condi- aggressive forward evangelistic movement into tions such as these, many would consider even the hitherto unreached regions. continuance of the existing work well-nigh impos- Efforts were also to be made to stimulate the sible and any advance wholly out of the question.

Chinese churches to increased zeal in witnessing Yet our brave missionaries have dared to carry for Christ and energetic cooperation in the work on, and even to press forward, despite the hard- of evangelizing the districts surrounding the ships and dangers involved.

existing stations and churches. A careful and The twenty or more new main centers already comprehensive survey was made of the unevan- opened give no adequate idea of the Forward gelized sections of China with a view to shaping Movement to date. A host of other places have the advance, and on the basis of this survey the been visited and worked by Gospel teams, so that Mission's leaders in China felt clearly led to ap- literally hundreds of thousands of Chinese have peal to God and to the homelands for two hun- for the first time heard the Gospel. The scope of dred new missionaries to be sent out within two these varied and unceasing activities is a very years, as the minimum reinforcement necessary wide one, embracing cities, towns and hamlets in to carry out the plan of advance. the thickly peopled central provinces, as well as What has been the sequel? The Lord has an- fresh advances among the hill tribes of the south- swered prayer all along the line. The temporarily west, the Tibetans on the western Szechwan bor- closed door to inland China swung. open ag,ain far der, and both Moslem and Chinese communities in sooner than the most sanguine missionary could remote Kansu.

have predicted upon any ground of natural proba- Especially cheering is it to learn that during bility. The returning missionaries were every- this period of peculiar difficulty and trial the vis- where warmly welcomed back, by Christians and ible results of the work have been the largest in

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

years. During 1927-1928, when for the most part way thither, and fifteen others-the exact reour missionaries were compelled to be away and mainder of the 200-were accepted and preparing the work was largely left to the Chinese Chris- to sail. In North America quite a few more young tians, upwards of 7,500 converts were baptized. men and women are at various stages of consid- In 1929 there were over 4,400 more baptisms, and eration as candidates. Ninety of those already in 1930 more than 4,900, while the number already accepted 200 are from North America. reported this year is larger than in any recent year. Will not those who have faithfully prayed and trusted with us for the full number of the two To sum up, since the blow fell upon our work a hundred now unite in fervent praise to God for little more than four years ago and the order for His gracious answer to our prayers and His faiththe missionaries to evacuate was given, 20,000 ful supply of our need? Not only have we cause Chinese have been baptized upon personal confes- for thanksgiving in that our Father has given us sion of Christ as their Saviour, not to speak of the these choice recruits, but also that He has supmany other blessed results attending the work. plied, at a time of such financial stress, the large In the light of all this, what a tragedy it would sum of money necessary to send them out, and has have been had the Mission yielded to the tempta- at the same time substantially increased the numtion to mark time or retrench, and what a glory it ber of the Mission's prayer supporters. is to the Lord that it has even dared to launch this Forward Movement! We might well tremble to send into China this new company of young missionaries, under the Finally, what about the two hundred new mis- present grave conditions prevailing there, were we sionaries? When the appeal reached the home not assured of a corresponding reinforcement of lands from China it was already summer time of intercessors to stand back of them. Thank God, 1929, rather too late for the recruiting camp.aign the number of China Inland Mission ,prayer circles to get more than well under way that year. in North America alone has increased at last re- Thirty-six new workers were sent out that au- ports to eighty-nine, and our Prayer Union memtumn, and forty-six in 1930, thus giving us eighty- bers to 3,231. Truly, "the Lord hath done great two of the 200 on the field at the beginning of the things for us, whereof we are glad." Let us magyear. Then came a time of testing, when in all nify Him and exalt His name together. the home lands we were distinctly conscious of the strong resistance of the enemy to the appeal for We need to remember that the end of the two new workers. Our General Director felt led to years' recruiting is only the beginning of the task suggest a day of special prayer and fasting, with the 200 particularly in mind. February 10 was itself, so that we must still cooperate by prayer thus set and observed by the Mission throughout the world. The effect was at once noticeable. and faith with our fellow-workers on the field, and United, believing prayer had broken through the enemy's resistance, and from that time offers of "forgetting those things which are behind, and service in China have come in a steady stream, so that our home staffs have been kept busy dealing reaching' forth unto those things which are be- with candidates. fore," together "press toward the mark"-which Eight weeks before the end of the year, 185 of in this instance is the overtaking of the vast unthe 200 were actually already in China or on their met need of millions of Chinese for the Gospel, and thus the fulfillment of God's call and commis- sion through His servant Hudson Taylor to the China Inland Mission to preach the Gospel to every creature in inland China.

EVANGELISM AND THE SOCIAL GOSPEL There is only one Gospel in the New Testament, and that is the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. This gospel is applicable to all men and to all human conditions. It is a spiritual gospel with an individual and a social message. When this is applied to individuals, we call it a personal gospel; when it is applied to groups of individuals and social conditions we call it a social gospel, but in each case it is the same gospel. No pres- entation of the Gospel in our day can be effective without both of these applications.

JOHN McDOWELL.

of Christian Colleges In

A Review of the Report of the Commission on Christian Higher Education in India* ..:( By REV. RALPH B. NESBITT, Summit, New Jersey J!:.. Recently a Miss~onaTY in India A T an important gathering of Christian edu- follows the historical method in developing the ~ cators of India in Agra, in February, argument in favor of the proposed plan. The 1921; steps were taken looking forward to colleges themselves are critical of the work they the coming of a Commission to examine the work are doing. So are others who are friendly to of the Christian Colleges in India. In due course missionary work, such as Mr. Arthur Mayhew the International Missionary Council constituted and Bishop Whitehead. A section of great value the Commission of eight which visited India dur- in the matter of orientation is the consideration ing the last cold season, arriving in November, of the "principles underlying the policy of the 1930, and continuing until early last April. colleges as set forth in earlier discussions of the The personnel of the Commission was a suffi- subject." In the past there have been three aims cient guarantee of a thorough piece of work, the set before the Christian colleges: chairman being Dr. A. D. Lindsay, Master of 1. That of preparing India for acceptance of the Gospel Balliol College, Oxford. Two members were out- 2. That of winning men in the colleges to confession of Christ and baptism in His name; in short, the work standing Indian Christians, two were Britishers of conversion who had been missionaries, and two were Amer- 3. That of a "strengthening, training, developing icans who had not previously had intimate contact ag~ncy" for the Christian community with India. The Commission was authorized to make recom- Historically, the first has been the most im- portant. However, under changed conditions the mendations which would, if carried out, definitely matter of preparation for the coming of the Kingalter the present methods of higher Christian edu- dom of God is different from what it formerly cation in India. Something of a crisis had been was. A new content of Christian education must reached and the Commission offers certain pro- be worked out, and this is the main task which posals which to some may seem revolutionary. the Commission faced. The metaphor of the spearhead and the handle is used to illustrate the A careful questionnaire had previously been relation of the religious and the secular aspects sent to the principals of the colleges that were to of education. Dr. Miller of Bombay, the wellbe visited and by means of these replies and later known Scotch educator of a generation ago, said, by visits to the various colleges, supplemented by "The Scriptures are to be the spearhead, all other knowledge the well-fitted handle. The Scriptures conferences, the Commission worked out their re- are to be the healing essence, all other knowledge port and conclusions. This report of 363 pages the congenial medium through which it is conincludes an Analysis and Appraisal of the Col- veyed." leges as they are; a Plan for the Christian Colleges in India; and the Way of Putting it into There is (in Part II, Chapter 3) an incisive and Effect. A number of appendices including the discriminating survey of changing India. The questionnaire above referred to and one entitled, picture is drawn with skill and is true to life. All The Application of the Principles of this Report India is being deeply stirred and the Christian Church is involved. Perhaps most significant of to Indian Universities. all, secularism and anti-religious propaganda are Acceptance of the plan proposed as a remedy for growing apace.

the present crisis will depend largely upon one's Another important chapter deals historically conviction that the diagnosis has been skilfully and accurately made. Hence the Report wisely * The Christian College in India, 8vo, 363 pages, Appendices and with the system of higher education and the rela- Index. $2.00. Oxford University Press, 1931.

[98] tion of the Christian colleges to this system. This 1. The function of the colleges helps one to realize not only the fact that the 2. Government and administration of the col- Christian colleges have in no small measure forfeited the leadership in higher education in India leges. which they once enjoyed but also reveals the First, it is recommended that two additional causes which have brought about this unfortunate pieces of work be undertaken, namely, research result. There have been movements in the uni- and extension. Colleges are suffering from the versity life of India, notably that of the growth domination of an examination system. The stuof the so-called "unitary university," which have dents are not seeking culture but, on account of proved prejudicial to the influence of the Chris- economic pressure, are trying merely to pass extian colleges. Three causes are assigned for this aminations as a means of securing employment. loss of prestige: Under such circumstances the teaching force of the colleges tends to lose initiative. To recover 1. Lack of opportunity for research this the professors must undertake research work. 2. Indian prejudice against western institutions This will bring life and zest into their teaching. 3. Weakness due to a divided purpose This research should be related to the larger life in which the college finds itself. In other words, The plan I1roposed aims to meet these causes as the college is to be of service to the community. far as possible and to correct the admittedly un- In this way the responsibility of the colleges to fortunate results of the connection maintained by the Church may be met more fully than in the the Christian colleges with the university system past. Thus a modern equivalent of the early of India. These results are likewise three in num- preparation for the Gospel may be worked out. ber: There should be a re-shaping of the subject mat- ter of the curriculum. History is recommended 1. Domination of the examination system as the central discipline. This is to be supple- 2. Hampering effect of university regulations mented by science on one side and by art and 3. Loss of educational initiative literature on the other. The effect will be the appreciation of Christianity as an historical re- The important question of the religious in- ligion. The content of an education that is truly fluence of the Christian colleges is considered in Christian must be supplied. the two-fold aspect of this influence upon the stu- Second. Significant changes are proposed as to dents who attend the colleges and also,in the wider the administration of the colleges. These changes sphere, the influence upon the church and nation. affect the present management, both Indian and Here as elsewhere there is hearty acknowledg- foreign, in three phases: ment of past achievement for the colleges have been the means of winning men to Jesus ,Christ. 1. The relation between the mission boards and They have also exerted no slight influence on the the colleges in India people of India and have trained some of the outstanding leaders of the Church, such as Bishop 2. The constitution and powers of the govern- Azariah. ing boards of individual colleges It is nevertheless true, that the present situa- 3. The constitution and responsibility of the tion is just cause for alarm. The number of con- staff governing bodies of individual colleges. versions is deplorably small. The influence of the Christian college in the wider sphere, at least in The Commissioners propose that there should that of the nation, is a waning influence. Three be normally for each college two chief governing alternative proposals are presented: bodies, a Board of Direction and a Staff Governing Body, both constituted in India and entrusted 1. Persistence in the existing policy with full responsibility for the government and ad- 2. Withdrawal from higher education in favor ministration. The iPresent mission boards in America and England would cease to have direct of other methods connection with the colleges but, through the Na- 3. A Christian university or universities. tional Christian Council of India, would be kept informed of the progress of Christian higher edu- These proposals are all rejected in favor of the cation as a whole. plan already mentioned. This plan is the heart of the report. Here the Commission prescribes what, There may be non-Christian Indians on the in its judgment, is essenital in order that the Staff Governing Body, but the Board of Direction Christian colleges in India may regain the place of is to consist entirely of Christians. It is plainly large influence which they once held and· may the intention of the Commission that the Board make the contribution which they should make to of Direction in India should really direct. If legal- India today. The detailed application of this plan ly incorporated it should hold the property. As to (given in Part IV) cannot be described here. The the Staff Governing Body, it is of utmost imporplan includes: tance that chief responsibility be put on the In-

dian Christian members of the staff. This change paratory work really effective in New India. The is urgently needed. It is rather the missionary function of the Christian college is ably set forth: member whose influence has been dominant. A Christian college, as contemplated in this Report, It is further recommended that there should be is an institution in which the Church uses, in the service set up in India and in Britain ,and America per- of its great purpose, the characteristic contribution of the manent Christian educational committees. The teacher and the scholar. That characteristic contribution is the imparting of truth, the extension of knowledge, and India committee should be constituted to "rep- the building of character. (p. 206.) resent all the colleges and be able to speak for them, alike to the Government, the universities, One note is lacking here-a note which does not and to the general public." The boards or com- conflict with the purpose, but is supplementary to mittees to be created in Britain and America it-the note of conversion to Christ. The Comshould act as liaison officers between the home mission is, of course, not averse to this, as is maniboards and the committee in India, and should fest in its statement (page 185) in regard to "spealso assist in securing funds and in the difficult cial missions" which, "when they are conducted and important work of recruiting the right kind by a wise evangelist, may quicken the growth and of men and women for the colleges. fruitfulness the seeds that the patient teacher has The place of the theological colleges in the plan long been sowing in faithfulness and expectation." and a number of special problems are considered Again the Commission says: "As trainers of (Part III) but space does not permit more than youth, the Christian staff will seek through all the . this passing reference to these important prob- opportunities which the contacts of college life aflems. ford to lead their students to personal allegiance This very excellent report inspires the hope that to Jesus Christ and to build up their lives in Him." the Christian colleges may again secure a place of It would have been well if as careful and thorough real leadership in the educational and intellectual attention had been directed to the problem of leadlife of India. It proposes a way of escape from ing the individual students to Christ as has been the present intolerable system of examinations given to the kindred problem of making the coland suggests plans by which the colleges may leges effective as a general preparation for the become much more vital to the life of the Indian coming of the Kingdom of God in India. A con- Church. It is highly desirable that the Christian structive and thoroughgoing attempt should be college in India shall be made more truly Indian made by the colleges to follow up their graduates but at the same time the need of Christian teach- in order that any interest in Christ and affection ers from the West is maintained. for Him that has been created in the college may There appear to be two possible weaknesses in come to fruition in later life, when former stu- the plan presented. The first is financial. Frank- dents may be in a better position to make de- ly one does not see how the plan, involving as it cisions than while in college. This criticism should does "no inconsiderable outlay," can be carried not be interpreted to mean that the Commission through at present or in the near future. Com- has failed to safeguard the Christian purpose of paratively little expense will be saved by closing the enterprise. This it has certainly done. For up certain pieces of work and the new sources of instance, no sympathy is shown with an easy but revenue suggested do not seem adequate to meet fatal syncretism. (p. 147.) Emphasis is repeat- the increased expense involved. The cutting off edly laid upon the necessity of securing a large of the colleges from the direct relationship with number of Christian professors and boards of the mission boards at home may react unfavor- direction entirely composed of Christians. One of ably on support received through these boards. three functions of the board is that "the mainte- It will also be difficult to transfer workers from nance of the missionary purpose of the college other lines to the boards for additional research should be the special concern of the board of di- work while the work already in hand is greatly rection." (p. 204.) Religious instruction should undermanned. Christian alumni may contribute retain its central place in the curriculum and each to the support, but can non-Christians be expected college should have a chapel for Christian wor- to contribute in any large way if they are not rep- ship with a chaplain as a member of the staff, resented on the board of direction? whose special responsibility is to be the religious Another point where the plan does not seem en- life of the college. (pp. 182, 183, 186.) tirely satisfactory is in the danger of devoting too One lays down the report with a sense of sin- much attention to the handle (secular education) cere gratitude to the Commission and with the and too little to the spearhead (the spiritual pur- earnest hope that Higher Education in the Chris- pose) . The important work of the colleges as a tian colleges of India may, as a result of their preparation for the Gospel message has been ca:re- work, be made even more effective in the future fully considered with a view to making this pre- than in the past.

Religious Situation in

.. By REV. W. H. RAINEY, B. A., F. R. G. S., London ): Secretary for Western Europe and North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society T HE Government of Signor Mussolini has year religion was taken into account but the now granted to Protestants, and other non- figures are not yet available. Protestantism in Catholics, full freedom of worship. Re- Italy is numerically a very small minority, yet, ligious freedom, however, is no new thing in Italy. speaking from actual knowledge, we venture to As far back as February 17, 1848, Charles Albert, say that their influence is altogether out of pro- King of Piedmont, granted a large measure of portion to their numbers. Certainly the Pope religious freedom to all his subjects. This Edict, seems to take them very seriously for in his adwhich brought to an end persecutions dating from dress to the Lenten preachers on February 16th the 12th century, was considered a wonder of of last year he referred to them as "a great evil magnanimity, but in reality it was only the tardy which afflicts the population of Italy. Protestant recognition of a sacred right. proselytism is allowed to go on with such harm to human souls and with such menace to that People often speak of Italian Protestantism as which is most precious in the life of a nationthough it were an imported article. While it is namely, that profound unity of thought and soul true that English and American societies have which has never been seen to be so efficacious as done much to strengthen Evangelical work in Italy, yet the Waldensian Church of Piedmont, as Milton so well puts it, Kept Thy truth so pure of old When all our fathers worship't stocks and stones.

Italian Protestantism is national in its origin and ST. PETERS CATHEDRAL, VATICAN CITY, ROME dates from before the Reformation. It is not true that the genius of Protestantism is incompatible with the Latin races.

The Waldensian Church has always been a missionary organization and it proceeded to take advantage of its new freedom. Before the end of that eventful year (1848), her evangelists had penetrated into parts of the country hitherto closed to the Gospel. Florence, the capital of the Duchy of Tuscany, was occupied and in 1862 the Wesleyan Methodist Church helped to lay the basis of a work which now has extended throughout the country. Other Evangelical Churches entered later, and today the American Methodist Episcopal Church (North), the American Baptists (South), the Brethren, the Pentecostal Church, the Adventists, and others are doing their part in making the Gospel known. It is estimated that the total number of Protestants in Italy is about 150,000. However, it must not be taken for granted that the remainder of the population of Italy is entirely Roman Catholic. The census of 1921 did not enquire into religion but according to the 1911 census 874,523 persons declared that they had no religion and 653,404 made no declaration about their religion. In the new census this [101]

in religious unity." The early Christians were cially in Rome." Fortunately the Italian Govern- accused "of turning the world upside down," and ment interpreted the clause to recognize the rights Italian Protestants seem to have followed their of non-Catholics to worship and to propagate their example. religion.

The Edict of Charles Albert was confirmed and On the 28th of February a Royal Decree was enlarged by the Concordat of the 11th of Febru- published giving the "Regulations Governing the ary, 1929, which, while securing to the Roman Religions Admitted by the State" and this docu- Catholic Church a position of special prestige, ment was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale granted, as Mussolini said in the Chamber-"full (Official Gazette) on the 12th of April, 1930.

liberty of worship to the other cults admitted by This document comprises 29 articles, but lack of the State, and the equality of every citizen before space permits us to quote only three; two of which the law, whatever the religion he may profess. deal with churches and one deals with institutions.

This liberty cannot be infringed in the slightest Article I-The opening of new Churches degree." The 4th and 5th articles of the law Before a new Church can be opened a request must dealing with "Permitted Cults" read as follows: be presented to the Minister of Justice, accompanied "Difference of cult forms no obstacle to the enjoy- by papers proving that the new Church is necessary ment of all civil and political rights, nor to admis- and meets the need of an important group of worsion to all the civil and military appointments. shippers. It is also necessary to prove that there is Discussion in matters of religion is entirely free." sufficient money to maintain the new premises. The opening must be authorized by the Minister of Jus- It was a bitter pill to the Vatican that the Con- tice by a Royal Decree.

cordat substituted the word "permitted" for Article 2 "tolerated"-the term previously used in dealing The faithful can have services, etc., in their buildwith other cults. Now Protestants were "permitted," recognized and protected by the State. ings without special authorIzation from the State on the condition that they are presided over, or author- ized, by a minister approved by the State. See Arti- Their ministers were granted the right to cele- cle 3 of the Law on "Approved Cults". Otherwise the brate marriages with the same legal effect as general law regulating public meetings comes into Roman Catholic priests. A priest preaching force. against Protestants in a large and crowded Jesuit Church was heard to declare that" 'permitted' is Article 13-Institutions The Institutes that are recognized as "corporations" a word to be banned; 'tolerate' was the proper are subject to the inspection and control of the State.

14. This includes the right of inspection. In the expression, for we tolerate these Protestants as we event of maladministration, when the directing body tolerate disorderly houses." However, Article I is not able to continue its work satisfactorily the State of the Concordat was considered by Catholics to reserves the right to interfere and appoint a new be so favorable to their interests that it more than body.

16. These Institutions cannot accept gifts, inheri- counterbalanced this official recognition. It stipu- tances or legacies without permission. This permis- lates that "In consideration of the sacred char- sion must be asked from the Minister of Justice. If acter of the Eternal City, the episcopal See of the the sum exceeds lire 300,000 permission must be ob- Supreme Pontiff, the center of the Catholic world tained from the Council of State. and the goal of pilgrimage, the Italian Government will use its best endeavors to prevent in No missionary director or superintendent can Rome anything that may not be in keeping with read these Articles without seeing in them the its above-mentioned character." possibility of serious complications. If strictly applied they would make both church and school Many Roman Catholics thought the fulfillment work exceedingly difficult. One cannot but think of this clause implied the closing of the Italian that State recognition in itself is a very doubtful Protestant churches in Rome, and on the follow- advantage. Had choice been possible we think ing Sunday several pastors received anonymous the Evangelical Churches would have preferred to letters threatening violence if they celebrated remain independent. their usual services. Moreover, written in large letters on the door of the depot of the British and There is, however, a more serious complication. Only ministers recognized by the State are al- Foreign Bible Society in the Foro Italico were the lowed to preach the Gospel. This brings us face to face with a difficult problem-what must those ominous words E finito anche per voi– (Your men do, who, for any reason whatsoever, are not officially recognized? Obedience to the State turn too has come). That some such interpreta- might mean disobedience to the Christ. Some have considered it their duty to continue preachtion of this clause was in the mind of the Pope ing.and leave the consequences in the hands of himself seems evident from his speech on the 8th of January, 1931, when he declared that the Con- cordat had been violated by "non-Catholic and God. We have had six cases brought to our no- even anti-Catholic proselytism in Italy and espe- tice where pastors-two Baptist, one Methodist,

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALY

one Pentecostal and two Brethren-without State senting Spain as a spotless gift to the Blessed recognition were denounced by priests to the local Virgin, as a land where the dissenting voice of authorities for breaking the law in this respect the heretic was unknown. Had General Primo de and prosecuted. We do not think that a legal de- Rivera been a weaker man they might have suc- cision has yet been given in any of these cases. ceeded in their plans. One wonders whether any On another occasion a Waldensian evangelist was Roman Jesuit has ever dreamed the same dream. prosecuted and condemned for holding a meeting in a private house. There are undoubtedly also It is not surprising that a Church that posmany cases with which we are not familiar. How- sesses temporal power with all that this involves ever, facilities are being granted by the State for should take a hand in politics. Today this is dan- Government recognition. We have no doubt that gerous in Italy for Signor Mussolini will brook no a modus vivendi will be found, and that these dif- interference. In a recent interview with a reficulties which are out of harmony with the lib- porter of Le Journal, he declarederal spirit shown by the Fascist Government will be removed. I wish to see religion everywhere in Italy. Let us teach the children the Catechism; let us send them to Church on After the first enthusiasm over the signing of Sundays, however young they may be. All that I leave the Concordat died away the relations between to the priests. It is religion. The rest is politics and the Vatican and the Italian Government have La politique c'est mai. Politics are what I detennine. I steadily grown worse. They would now seem to will allow no one to interfere in any way with what conhave reached a crisis. Early in June there were cerns the State. My formula is clear. "Everything in the anti-Catholic riots in Rome. Crowds marched State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the through the streets crying "Down with the State." As against the Catholic Party I have given many Pope"; and the Osservatore Romano, the official warnings. The Vatican has been put on its guard against organ of the Vatican, was publicly burnt to the the peril of this extreme policy, which may awaken antistrains of "Giovenezza," the Fascist hymn. Only clerical opinion, the dormant existence of which it well the presence of strong detachments of troops pre- knOWs. vented the rioters from penetrating into the Vatican itself. This manifestation was the sequel to The Vatican City is now a sovereign State, an anti-Catholic campaign throughout Italy and where the Pope rules supreme, but'it will be well the suppression of all branches of the powerful for him to remember that there is only room for Catholic Action association. One rubs one's eyes: one dictator in Italy. can this be Rome, the city of the Concordat? PAPAL GUARDS AT THE VATICAN CITY Some newspapers, hostile to the Fascist regime, have spoken of Sig. Mussolini's "wanton attack on religion," and the Pope himself in an address given on the 20th of June to the Vatican Congregations for the Propagation of the Faith declared the persecution of the Papal Church "as bad in Italy as in Mexico and Soviet Russia." This is fantastic. Signor Mussolini is not the enemy of religion; his whole policy to Roman Catholic and Protestant proves this, but his anti-Catholic campaign was inspired by the instinct of self-preservation. In the ranks of the Fascist party itself there are many devout Catholics with a divided loyalty between Church and State. Dark and hidden forces were at work, and the Italian Premier, rightly or wrongly, saw in the activities of the Catholic Action party a menace to the security of his. regime. A successful coup d'etat in the in- terests of the clerical party would have made the Pope the virtual dictator of Italy and the elimina- tion of interests considered hostile to the Catholic hierarchy would have followed. The Roman Cath- olics of course have denied all that is attributed to them. One remembers, however, the dark dreams of certain Spanish reactionaries who spoke of pre-

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]l.ll.,4P.- "-_._- .D~"'~_ ARABIA, 'fHE GREAT NEGLECTED PENINSULA (See page 105)

Is Arabia Still Neglected?

..:( By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. ):..

Princeton, New Jersey, One of the Founders of the Arabian Mission PORTY-TWO years ago the whole Arabian writes in the Geographical Journal, London, peninsula, with the excePtion of Aden, was March, 1931: unoccupied missionary territory. One million square miles, four thousand miles of coast, I find it difficult to sum up my impressions of the Hadhramaut, particularly as these impressions are based without one witness for Christ. The death of Ian only on a few short flights over the area, helped to some extent by subsequent examination of the photographs. Keith Falconer left the future of the Scotch Mis- There is no doubt, however, that the Hadhramaut is a place which has a peculiar fascination; the mere fact that sion quite uncertain, and that was the only beacon the greater part of it had never been seen by Europeans shows how isolated it is, yet although isolated, life there, of light across the darkness of thirteen centuries in the cradle of Islam. .

. In 1889 the Arabian Mission of the Reformed according to Arab standards, is highly organized and pros- Church in America was organized and the first perous. There is no doubt that the country is now much missionaries went out. Forty years have brought more civilized than it was when the Bents undertook their great changes. The Persian Gulf coast is now journey in 1894, but although motor cars are now com- mon, and the towns have been peered at from the air, 1 fairly well occupied but the interior of Oman, the think it will be many years before the Hadhramaut loses Province of Hassa, the whole of Nejd, the whole its isolation. of Hadhramaut, the entire West coast is still with- The Arabian Mission called attention to this out established Christian missions. Southern Province thirty-five years ago, but the The latest estimate for the population of Arabia whole of this part of Arabia is still unoccupied.

is seven million. Probably not more than one This comes as a challenge to the Church of Christ.

million of this population are in any sense touched Everything else seems to have found its way into by present-day missionary effort. During the past this part of Arabia, except the Gospel. twenty years the population has doubtless increased. Tribal warfare is no longer as common The first big town is Shibam, standing four-square beas it was in the Nineteenth Century. Health con- tween high walls on a slight rise ~n the ~adi. bed ne.ar the southern cliff. The first and dIstant VIew IS suprls- ditions have improved, especially in mandated ter- ing enough, but a closer inspection shows th.at the need ritories, and through the influence of mission hos- for protection can make houses grow tall q.'llte as effecpitals. We sometimes fail to estimate the educa- tively as high ground rents. W~en one conSIders ~hat the tional v,alue of such medical work in spreading houses are mostly built of mud It seems an amazmg f~at knowledge of elementary hygiene. to design them to withstand the weight of seven stones.

As an indication of the wealth of these towns the Bents The exploration and mapping of the Arabian mention in their book that the Sultan of Shibam's father peninsula has made vast strides during and since had left eleven million rupees to be divided among his the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, numel'OUS family. The present Sultan's castle is a fine "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the building standing in extensive date gardens. The next big town, Saiwun, is a complete contrast, for although it is surrounded by a wall much of t~e toW?

time of Doughty the work of men like Lawrence, straggles outside it, and comfortable country VIllas he Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, and last but not least, Bertram Thomas, have given us a dotted among the date palms. . . . picture of Arabia and its inhabitants with very From the air, Tarim, with its neighboring villages, comes few gaps remaining. In this respect, Arabia is no longer neglected. close to Saiwun as the largest town in the Hadhramaut, and it is certainly situated in the most attractive sur- Recently word has come of a special expedition roundings. Outside one of the big hous~s one is qu.ite to explore Hadhramaut and the recent Air Recon- likely to see a motor car, which seems odd m a town WhICh naissance of Hadhramaut of which an account is has never been visited by a European. In recent years the demand for cars has been growing, and we were told in Makalla that there are now some fifty or sixty in the Hadhramaut. They are taken to pieces at Makalla, trans- given in the Geographical J oU?'nal leaves the im- ported by camel across the mountains, and re-erected on pression that scarcely anything remains to be dis- arrival. Although the going may be soft there do not covered. R. A. Cochran, the leader of the squad- appear to be any serious obstacles in the way of driving ron which surveyed this part of South Arabia, a car anywhere in the inhabited portion of the Hadhra- maut.

[105]

Is it not a tragedy and a rebuke to read that in and his pupils. But vaccination, as a protection this part of Arabia young Chinese girls are still against smallpox, has spread widely throughout imported as slaves by the wealthy classes and are Bahrain, Kuwait, and the Hasa, and, thanks to then "converted" to Islam? When the African the efforts of King Aziz, has made headway in slave-trade was interfered with by British gun- Nejd and in the Hejaz." boats, this white-slave traffic apparently took its place. There are also many thousands of male It is astonishing that the Minister of Ibn and female Negro slaves in HadhramauU Saoud's Government should pay such high tribute to the work of the American Mission before a The Province of Yemen, the whole of Central distinguished audience in London. Arabia and the Province of Hejaz are still unoccupied mission ter:ritory. King Ibn Saoud has his In his recent book "Alarms and Excursions in own Minister in London, Sheikh Hafidh Wahba, Arabia" Bertram Thomas describes the condition who actually lectured to the Royal Asiatic Society of the tribes in northern and western Oman. No in April last. We are told that, after paying a one can fail to read between the lines the despetribute to all those who braved the hardships and rate needs of these people for medical missions, dangers of travel in Arabia, and mentioning in for education, and for the Gospel. He describes particular the feat of Bertram Thomas in crossing their religious and superstitious practices as the Rab' al Khali, he stated that the modern king- largely animistic, tells how they make medical use dom of Nejd extended from Najran in the south of the Koran, which he calls "the holy pharmacoto Wadi Sirhan and the Salt Villages in the north, poeia of Oman," and how they offer oblations to and from the Persian Gulf in the east to the bor- demons and spirits. ders of the Hejaz in the west–a much greater area than the word "Nejd" originally applied. He If it is true, as Livingstone asserted, that "the described present conditions in the Nejd, stating end of the geographical feat is the beginning of that the population is approximately three mil- the missionary enterprise," then Arabia is still lion, divided into town-dwellers-merchants or neglected in the distribution of the Bread of Life. agriculturists-and Bedawin, who are content to Nothing emphasizes more the need of Arabia for lead a nomadic life and to tend cattle. The town- the Gospel today than 'the astonishing changes dweller is usually more faithful and more intelli- that have taken place in the matter of communigent than the bedu. King Ibn Saoud has resolved cations. The land of the camel has become the to change the life of the Bedawin and to make it land of the motor car. At the beginning of the more orderly and fruitful. To this end he has twentieth century there were no railways or highfounded villages wherever w:ater exists and has ways in the whole country. During the first ordered the Bedawin to dwell therein. To each decade Medina was linked to Damascus and a survillage he has appointed a man of learning, to vey made for a railroad to Mecca which has not teach the people their religion and to explain to yet been completed. During the World War a them their duty towards God, towards the King short railway was constructed between Aden and Lahaj. Aeroplanes have become familiar to the and towards their fellow beings. As a result, the dwellers in the desert and the present King of Arabia has a royal air force. rfelegraph.and teletribes have become so transformed as to be united phone lines, not to speak of wireless stations, contogether in a brotherly love, which earned for nect Mecca with the coast and Baghdad with the interior. Motor cars first came to West Arabia in them the name of Ikhwan, or "Brethren." Such is 1919. Now there is a good road between Jiddah and Mecca, and over one thousand passenger cars the picture painted by a native Sheikh. and buses are registered in the Hejaz. According to "The Near East and India," from Besides the regular route-Beirut to Damascus, which we gather this report, "the lecturer said thence due eastward to Rutbah Wells and to Ramthat the credit for introducing medical treatment adi, and along the Euphrates River to Baghdad- on modern lines in Kuwait, Basrah, and Bahrain the latter city is also accessible to Mediterranean was due to American Missions; in Nejd, to King Ibn Saoud; and in the Hejaz and the Yemen, to ports by a route beginning at Aleppo, Syria, and the Turks. But it is in the sphere of surgery, proceeding via Deir-ez-Zor·to Baghdad. exclusively, that the Arabs have made use of modern science-during the last twenty years or Every year the motor car is penetrating farther so. In the sphere of medicine, the Arabs have into neglected Arabia. Communications between scarcely recognized any merit in modern methods of treatment. The overwhelming majority still re- every part of the Peninsula were never so rapid sort to herbs and rely on the methods of Avicenna and universal. The Arabic press from Cairo, Bei- 1 Lady Kathleen'. "Slavery," pp. 49-46 (London, 1930). rut, Damascus, and Baghdad also reaches every part of the Peninsula. Surely all this is a chal- lenge to hasten the work of evangelization.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,~~~~~~~~~~~~.~ MISSIONARY EDUCATION How It Was Born way from the appropriate study THROUGH After a time-honored tradi- books of the Missionary Educa- COMPETITIVE READING tion, it owed its birth and early tion Movement to volumes of standard fiction incorporating One of the puzzling problems nurture to the women! For a:d- missionary values, such as "A ministrative purposes, the mIS- Lantern in Her Hand," "Heirs," confronting all mission boards sionary field of the Northern "Red Rust," "Giants in the today is how to readj ust pro- Baptist Church is divided into Earth," etc. For instance, the ten geographical districts. Some motional plans to meet changed years 'back, the women's ~ro?ps home mission portion of the in several of these dIstrIcts conditions. Crusading; double- evolved their own competitive World-Wide Guild list for the quickstep slogans like "The Gos- plans for missionary reading. current year includes "The Chal- lenge of Change," "God and the pel to the Whole World in Twen- pLaartte~r ent hteonf eMwliyssioorngaarnyizEedd~cDae­- ty-five Years" (as in 1816), and Census" "The Adventures of tion was asked to grade, prmt, Mr. F;iend" "Roving with the "The Evangelization of the promote and make national these Migrants," '''Rural Religion and plans which, in the natural evo- World in This Generation" (in lution of a successful movement, the Country Church," "Steeples had become church-wide. At among the Hills:' and '~~he 1888) awakened an expectation present the women's national Laughingest Lady.' .In addItIon which failing of fulfillment, has boards' coope.rate in that they to this there are specIal books on name members to serve on the foreign missions, also inspirareacted in decreased interest and general committee and furnish tional and peace and prohibition the annual awards, but the ad- literature. In each case the comfinancial support. Due to a bet- ministration is in the hands of plete sets or "libraries" may be ter understanding of fundamen- the Board of Education, with purchased outright or built up the church as the local unit. locally by separate purchas~ or tal conditions and also of the gift. Not infrequently varI~us members of the church are wIllmagnitude of the task involved, we are lately glimpsing a new ing to donate volumes for the eiddeuacl~tivoinz., that of specialized (beginning in early youth if possible), as an im- petus'to the world-wide enterprise. Though its prospect ~f achievement is more remote, thIS cumulative building of the sevintensive cultivation of intelli- The Way It Works eral libraries. Miss May Husgence and interest would seem to promise better success. It A list of standard educational ton Associate Secretary of the gears itself up with present day and inspirational missionary Department of Missionary Eduthought and processes and con- books, together with a digest of cation, says: "While not all the stantly gains momentum as it their contents, is brought out books are interesting alike to all advances. each year by the national com- the churches, the diversity is Doubtless every denomination mittee in time for April distribu- such that many letters come to is making its own attempts along tion. These lists are carefully the office telling how much the this line, and the perfect plan- graded and include (1) an Adult readers have enjoyed them. The if such a thing is ever realizable Division for men and women; publishers have become anxi?us -would be a synthesis rather (2) a Young People's Division to have their books on our hsts than a selection; hence it is of with separate sec t ion s for and sometimes even ask us to World-Wide Guilds ('teen age read their manuscripts in adprime value to familiarize our- vance, making their accepta~ce selves with what our denomina- girls), Royal A mba s sad 0 r s of a book depend on our promIse tional neighbors are doing. The (,teen age boys), the Baptist Reading Contest Plan of the to use it in our contest list. The Baptist Board of Education Young People's Union and Bap- publication of good missionary bears its own credentials of eleven years' usage, and may be tist Christian Endeavor groups; books is increasing as a result of the reading program of the vari- (3) a Children's Group inclusive of the Children's World Crusade ous denominations."

and the Junior Societies. The found suggestive by other plan- subject matter is suitably varied Numerical credit values are ning boards. in each section, ranging all the attached to the several volumes [107]

in a list. In general, study books dent membership of the churches to twenty-five points on the Cercount 10 points, other books 5, in the district. In addition to tificate of Missionary Education MISSIONS (the Baptist mission- this, local, associational and issued by the Department of ary monthly) receives 10 points state prizes are given; also spe- Missionary Education. Of the for each issue, and each number cial awards in the several guilds five books, not more than two of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF cooperating, all on the basis of should be Bible books, the latter THE WORLD counts 5. It is note- the credit points of the national being included in each year's worthy that THE REVIEW is the contest. For illustration, in the list, for all groups. only magazine outside of Baptist World-Wide Guild contest, chappublication included in the con- ters qualifying by having five Competition for these awards test list. books read individually (group is keen, districts and their sub- reading not allowed) by every divisions vying with each other The reading list of each new member of the chapter-two in the accumulation of credit year is added to the total of all home, two foreign and one in- points. As all departments of preceding years; so this huge spirational, will receive for the the local church contribute tomissionary snowball goes on ward its grand total, wonderful rolling, new readers of the old first year a sepia print of Hoff- teamwork and a fine spirit of books acquiring the credit points man's "Head of Christ"; for the group cooperation develops. In the same as in the case of vol- second year, Plockhorst's "The a recent letter to the writer, umes for the current year. Good Shepherd"; for the third Miss Huston says: year, Raphael's "Sistine Madon- Organizational Machinery na"; for the fourth year, "The When the department first took over Madonna of the Chair"; for the this work there was a question in our A Contest Secretary is ap- fifth year, HoI man Hunt's minds whether the reading would inpointed in every cooperating "Light of the World" etc., terfere with the study program. As church. This person (usually a through a period of twelve suc- there has also been an increase in woman) promotes the plans in cessive years. Adults reading the number of study classes during the all departments, though the as- the Junior missionary books to years, we have decided that it has sistance of a committee is usual- the children are credited with helped rather than retarded that phase ly necessary in the I a r g e r the same number of points as are of the work. Another thing which we churches. Contest Secretaries given to the children. In the Pri- questioned was the wisdom of countreport to Associational Secreta- mary and Nursery grades, the ing points and giving a prize. This ries charged with the work, and children only receive the credit. however, seemed to be stimulating inthese, in turn, report to State While it is recommended that terest and certainly the circulation of Secretaries, the latter sending readers follow the same list new books which constituted the prize their reports to the Associate throughout, books in one graded would do good. We have found that Secretary of the Department of list may usually be substituted many of the states and even associa- Missionary Education for publi- for those in another. Churches tion groups have given books as prizes cation in the annual handbook. reaching the higher standard of to churches which have done special Of course this machinery works five per cent of their resident equally well from above down- membership reading five mis- work, and this also has added to the ward, for all promotional pur- sionary books each are entitled poses. It may be added that the circulation of missionary books. The regular organizational machinery of national, district, state steady gain has seemed to be the most and local agencies is ably supplemented by the staff of 1,666 vol- encouraging feature about it. unteer workers in the department, making continuous efforts A Peep Into the "Works" to get the latest plans, methods and materials across to the To continue with Miss Huschurches. Well frained, though ton: unsalaried, many of these workers exercise initiative and roll up In the local church a vigorous readresults not always paralleled by ing program usually starts with the salaried officials. appointment of a woman to head up the work. I always instruct them to Prizes and Awards make an inventory of the books al- ready in the church or Sunday School A prize of five traveling libra- library, find out what listed books are ries of ten books each is awarded available in the homes of the members by the Women's Home and For- and make a visit to the public library eign Boards to the districts se- to find what volumes are available curing the largest number of there. Members of the church often points in proportion to the resi- contribute books from their private li- braries in order to make them avail- able for the whole church.

It is very important to make new books available to the readers. This can be done in a number of ways. Probably the women's societies are re- sponsible for buying more of the new books than anyone else, inasmuch as they feel responsibility for furnishing the young women and children with interesting material; but organized Sunday School classes or Sunday Schools themselves often vote money for this purpose. Individuals are en-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

listed and in some cases an amount is Figures, like actions, "speak The Sunday School Missionary regularly put into the church budget for this purpo!>e. louder than words." Surely the Ladder. For a ladder-climbing plan has approved itself. it ably contest, have a carpenter make a After the books are secured, various methods are adopted for keeping real ladder of 10 or more rungs. the records. It will be readily recog- supplements and extends those Place it in the Sunday School. nized that unless some one is on the of the Missionary Education job continually, the books will be scat- Movement, in which twenty-two Put the name of one book on tered in different homes and lost track denominations are now cooperat- each rung. As a book is read, of or will remain in the library with- ing. Incidentally it may be statout much use. Both of these things the name of the reader is placed must be avoided. The Reading Con- ed that Baptists are the second test Secretary must know where the largest users of the United on a tag and attached to that books are and keep records of th" Study books. rung. The one who climbs the ladder first is the one who has readers. Some use posters on which read all the books first. If a they place a star of some color for the reading of single books and pos- A Glimpse Through the Field prize is announced, give a missibly a gold star for those who have Glass sionary book.

read five books. In the case of one One of our leading missionary The Circle Race Up the Steps. church there was a contest between adults and the younger groups, includ- administrators recently stated Have a simple, manila-pa-r>er ing young people and juniors, but the sketch of a broad flight of steps reports were brought in at the mis- that provincialism and lack of on which are poised, lightly perspective constitute the greatsionary meeting once each month. est world-wide problem the gummed, pictures of jauntily They had a thermometer drawn on Church has to face today. A dressed women (cut from fash- cardboard with the number of points marked off by thousands, and made deeper understanding of the ion plates) bearing on their the red lines with crayons as the vari- other great ethnic faiths is absoous reports came in. This church en- lutely necessary for an adequate backs the names or numbers of tered into the reading program with conception of the missionary the several circles into which the great interest for a year and followed woman's society is divided, and it with a much better educational pro- task-yes, and a confidence, born which are in competition for gram than they had previously ever of intimate knowledge, that the "points" gained in missionary thought of having. Christian message holds its su- reading, each step representing premacy in meeting the most di- There are, of course, some things a definite advance in points. which are not ideal. We try to keep Great excitement prevails at people from reading merely for the verse needs. In this crucial pe- each monthly meeting to see sake of reporting points. We realize riod of inflamed race prejudice "how far up our circle has gone." The one reaching the top a church which is striving for a record and rampant nationalism, the may err along this line. time is ripe to activate the mes- "The Proof of the Pudding" sage of the Master that all men first may receive her choice of a are potentially brothers and book from the reading list. Realizing that the intangible results which it is impossible to must learn to live together. Our Dramatizing the Reading List. tabulate are often the most po- program, though broad, is not The Contest Secretary enters tent, we may yet gain an ap- yet big enough for the condi- dressed in cap and gown and proximate idea of the working tions. We must have more in- carrying an armful of the curefficiency of this plan by com- telligence as to actual conditions. rent books on which she is mediparative statistics over a period It is our conviction that the re- tating. She paces the platform of eight years, some of the earli- cent move for church-wide miser details being incomplete. sionary education is the most im- in a brown study, thinkiIl4J portant advance in our genera- aloud. Presently her dreams Persons reading 5 tion, and it is calculated to go are materialized, as she calls far toward halting current re- reminiscently for "Peter, Bingo Year missionary books cessions in both interest and con- and Those Others" (Edward 1922-1923 .. , …. … 6,262 tributions. Seaman)-and in from a side room runs a little five-year- 1923-1924 ………. 7,888 A POTPOURRI OF PROMO- old leading his rollicking collie TIONAL PLANS dog, this brief dialog ensuing: 1924-1925 ………. 10,143 "I'm so glad to see you, Peter, Well-seasoned met hod s for and your dog, too. (Shakes hands 1925-1926 ………. 21,319 1926-1927 ………. 35,994 1927-1928 ………. 44,102 1929-1930 ………. 51,462 1930-1931 ………. 59,387 This table does not include popularizing missionary litera- with both.) That was a fine those who read less than five ture are herein assembled from thing you did in your book. How books per year. In 1925-1926, a wide range of denominational did you become willing to sell there were 82,483 readers of at sources, with the assurance that your dog?" least one book reported, 260,053 most of them are available with Peter: "0, I just knew the books read and 3,324,786 points other subject matter and in all Bishop needed money and I had reported. In 1930-1931, the num- departments of church life. RE- none, so I did the only thing I ber of readers had increased to MEMBER THAT EYE-GATE HAS. could think of to get some for 199,620, the number of books No NEAR COMPETITOR AS A PORT him. I sold my dog." (Exit read to 1,077,432, and the num- OF ENTRY TO THE CITY OF UN- Peter and his collie.) ber of points won to 9,131,744. DERSTANDING. Similarly the secretary sum-

mons a young college man to im- Around Our Library Table, or salt of the earth; two level teapersonate and review "Larry" The Animated Catalogue. The spoonfuls Literature Subscrip- (by Himself) ; a young married former consists of a series of tion Plan ($1.00 per'year bring- brief reviews of the best miswoman for "Heirs" (Cannon); sionary books, given by a circle ing all the new leaflets as they a real Salvation Army lass to de- of good "reporters" sit tin g scribe and emphasize "God in come from a certain denominathe Slums" (Redwood), etc. As around a literature-filled table a close, this highly imaginative and brought into action by the tional press); one cup proper secretary tells where all the librarian (leader). The latter js books may be obtained. The the same plan with a more imag- circulation of saine; one cup finecircle leaders having them in ly chopped reading; two eggscharge were simply swamped inative touch, the various publi- subscription to THE REVIEW. with applications, especially for cations coming to life and speak- Cream thoroughly first five in- "Peter." ing in the first person, as, "I gredients. Add Literature Sub- scription Plan. Then whip in Contest Devices. S t ret c h a represent the experiences of a the circulation and reading (as wire about six feet long on one real worker in the slums" etc. cake would fall flat without side of the room, goals being these) ; fold in the SUbscriptions The literature thus exploited to THE REVIEW; flavor with in- should "sell itself" (or loan it- spiration from Bible reading. Bake in executive committee self) at the close of the meeting.

marked at intervals for books A Grab-Bag Review. Publica- meeting. Cover top and sides read. Gay automobiles cut from tions passed around at the close with icing as follows: One teamagazines and bearing individ- of one meeting and drawn, hit spoonful eI).ergy, four tableual readers' names are attached or miss, from an attractive bag, spoonfuls keen thinking; add disto the wire by means of gummed are studied and reviewed by cussion; spread, then sprinkle (Dennison) hooks at the back, their several recipients at the generously with devotion." At and moved along in accord with next meeting. this point sample the cake by as- their owners' progress. Story Hour in the Mission suming to cut it, then serve some Circle. An occasional meeting at of its contents by having spicy Draw on a large sheet of card- which the best missionary narboard a sketch of a leafless tree, ratives, with or without camp- reviews of new literature taken fire device, are given by good from the interior of the cake. the trunk being named for the Such reviews must have been society, each branch for a group narrators. well prepared and "baked" beor circle therein and each twig forehand. This device is an atfor a member. As books are tractive one for an entire pro- gram featuring new study and read, attach to the reader's twig Inverted Birthday Gifts. This reading books as well as leaflets. a bright leaf cut from crepe is a good plan in the assembling "Samples" may well be passed paper. around for purchase or home of a missionary reading list or reading. Choose sides and have a study book question contest, the losing library. Have a list of the birth- Stimulating the Reports from side paying into the treasury a days of the membership. When Children certain amount to expend on each person's natal day comes next year's study books. As a rule, children are care- around, instead of receiving less as to reporting credits for "A penny for your thoughts." gifts, the person makes one to books read. This device has been l1ivide into sides. Have a deco- found excellent: Add a cardrated box or child's bank into the mission circle, guild or other board handle to an ordinary which a penny is dropped for group, a missionary book of ap- flower basket mounted on cardeach book read by that side, the resulting fund being expended proved character or from a desfor more books. ignated list being required. In- cidentally, the reaction is good for the donor.

Pin questions on the study Recipe for a Delicious Litera- board backing in such a way that book chapter under considera- ture Cake. A Mission Study the top is open enough to slip tion, on the backs of the mem- Caterer gives a bright, snappy flowers in. Make a cardboard bers and have them circulate talk incorporating the ingredi- flower for each member of the freely during the social hour. ents as she describes the cake- group, writing her name on the No woman may be seated for re- illustrated by a large imitation stem and pasting her kodak picfreshments until she has been one made up with gold and white ture or a head cut from a maga- able to answer and so unpin at tissue paper, etc., in imitation of zine, in the heart of the flower. least one question from some frosted gold cake. "One-third A petal is added for each book of a cup of oil on troubled wa- read. Boys do not care especialone's back. Have a review of one book on ters; three-fourths cup of hu- ly for flowers, so each lad is inthe reading list given in the man kindness; one and one-half structed to make his own quiver opening exercises at each pro- cup s of 'flowers – while – the- (tinting it with brown crayon to gram meeting. In this way at friends-yet-live' ; two cups syrup resemble bark) into which he least ten books are presented in of remembrance of missionary may stick an arrow for each vol- workers; one-half teaspoonful ume read. outline each year.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA '''l1li OUR RED BROTHERS "paternalistic policy" took away We neglect to distinguish be- A Study in Contrasts natural incentive. What man is tween those who do cling to the going to work for food and By Jennie Cartland Callister clothing when it will fall into his past, to the ceremonies of their lap if he waits for it? This One who makes any serious policy led to what has been called tribes, and the Indians who think study of the American Indians "the lethargy of expectancy." is struck by the fact that it is a Do we not owe to these less in- of themselves as American citistudy in contrasts. Whatever teresting tribes an even greater phase of life is considered, one zens and have grown away from finds these striking contrasts. debt? the primitive customs of their Too much has been said in the Many of us forget that there past about the few wealthy In- were different types of Indians people. dians, so that uninformed peo- in this country when the white ple will say in all sincerity, man came, Indian nations with There is much which is pictur- "Why, I thought the Indians, entirely different habits of life were rich-from oil." The in- and thought. Many were,and esque and beautiful in the old come of those who suddenly be- some still are, as different as came wealthy some years ago is Englishmen and Frenchmen. It customs of some tribes. Take, decreasing year by year and it is is interesting to know that some a question whether the last state of them do not think of them- for example, the "Green Corn of those Indians will not be selves as "Indians" but acknowl- Feast" of the Senecas. It is worse than the first. With edge only their tribal name. Mr. really a thanksgiving ceremony, neither experience nor training Lindquist tells a story which though it is celebrated in August in the use of money, they have illustrates this. He was visiting and lasts four days. They bring been the prey not only of un- an Indian school. The superin- the best of their fruits, grains scrupulous whites but of their tendent introduced him as one and vegetables, which are piled own foolish fancies and baser who had for years been inter- around a beautiful oak tree in a emotions so that wealth, which ested in Indians. The boys large space surrounded by high we usually consider a blessing, looked at each other blankly, bluffs. Here the ceremonies take has to most of them been a then one of them said, "Does he place-the enumerating of all curse. mean Choctaw?" their blessings, the naming and blessing of the babies by the In contrast to the very few As various tribes were pushed chief, the dances with their difwealthy Indians are the great from the places that the white ferent phases-friendship, sunmajority, so poor that life is at man wanted, they were eventu- shine and growing things. Then best merely a precarious exist- ally located near to each other- the products of their fields and ence. There is nothing of the in Oklahoma, especially. Though gardens are given away, their romantic we so like to associate they had inherited not only dif- best! (Many of the Senecas are with Indians to be found in these ferent languages and thought very poor.) groups. Dirty, diseased and dis- "patterns" and also, in some couraged, they are far from pic- cases, tribal feuds that had last- We like to hear about these turesque. Many people, some ed for generations, they were interesting customs. The danger Christians, refuse to accept any expected to adjust themselves to is that we shall expect, if not responsibility for such as these, these difficulties and at the same demand, the picturesque, forgetmerely shrugging aside the time to adopt the white man's ting that we are now training whole matter by calling them civilization. What a task to thrust Indian young people, the leaders "shiftless and lazy" ! Who made upon a primitive people! Some of tomorrow, to take their places them so? Who took away their of them have clung tenaciously in our civilization. Sometimes natural economic basis of living? to the customs of their ancestors, we ask young Indians who have The original attempts of the while others are practically as- never in their lives worn clothgovernment to right the wrong similated into our civilization; ing essentially different from only made matters worse. The And that leads us to another of ours, to don "war bonnets" and the contrasts. beaded suits for our entertain- ment. If we do this for publicity purposes, we should at least rec- ognize the fact that it may be quite as much "out of character" for them as it would be for us to appear in the garb of our Puritan or Pilgrim ancestors!

[111]

Would that more of us could ed. This is a splendid interde- child feeding and the care of appreciate the situation in which nominational project that we can women and children. Health and the young Indians find them- carry on hand in hand, thus giv- body clinics emphasize the pre- selves today! They are caught ing Christian leadership to the vention of diseases as well as its between two civilizations, each Indian boys and girls who need cure. with its pull on their lives, and guidance and who need love. in many circumstances the two Union Medical School, VeIlore, influences are pulling in exactly WOMEN'S UNION COLLEGES India. This school, built up opposite directions. Consider the IN THE ORIENT through years of hard work, is case of a young girl who goes The story of the seven Union a monument to the splendid efhome from boarding school for Christian Colleges of the Orient fort of Dr. Ida 'Scudder, who is vacation to find that her rela- still the guiding spirit of the tives have arranged for her mar- is well known to the women of -institution. A hospital and dis- America who have followed with pensary in Vellore are part of riage to someone whom she does interest the organization of the its program, which includes a not even know. Respect for par- colleges, five of them during war nurses' training school and an ents and grandparents is a car- years and two as they have de- out-patient department, wit h dinal virtue in some tribes. Great veloped from high schools and roadside clinics for forty miles pressure is brought to bear. post-graduate high schools over in every direction from VeHore. Shall she yield 1 If she does, it a period of twenty-five years. Some new buildings have been will probably mean the end of The story of the campaign, built and more are in the process her hope of becoming a "real when the women of America of construction. American citizen." Some girls raised two million dollars and run away from the dilemma, only claimed a third million from the Isabella Tho burn College, Luckto face other and, in some cases, Laura S p e 11 man Rockefeller now, India. This college is the fund to secure buildings and oldest woman's college in all of worse difficulties. equipment for these colleges, is Asia and its standing is unques- equally familiar. The years have tioned throughout North India. Constantly our young Indians passed, the buildings have been It has government recognition, must make choices. White lead- built, the colleges have increased as the woman's college connected ers need sympathetic insight in in enrollment, have broadened in with the University of Lucknow guiding them during these criti- scope and have been strength- and the women of Isabella Thocal years when "they have lost ened by the leadership they have burn vie for honors with the much of the old Indian culture produced. men of the university and in the without having fully assimilated majority of cases come out with white standards." Let us not Ginling College, Nan kin g , the lion's share. lose sight of the fact that there China. Dr. Yi-Fang Wu, the new is something of the Indian cul- president, a graduate of Ginling, Woman's Christian College, ture worth saving. The young who took her master's and doc- Madras, India. This college has people should be encouraged to tor's degrees at the University perhaps the most beautiful setfeel that theirs is a noble race of Michigan, is doing an out- ting, with trees, gardens a~d with a real contribution to make standing piece of work not only stately buildings. The chapel IS at Ginling, where she has won to our American life. the confidence of both faculty in itself a real mosaic. and students, but in government Here again the students vie Among those who have caught educational circles, where her a vision for these young people position is established and her for honors with the men stuand are trying to help them real- counsels valued. dents of the University of Maize it, are the Religious Work dras. A strong science depart- Directors of the Government Yenching College, P e i pin g , ment gives adequate preparation Boarding Schools. Not long ago China. Here many new experi- for students planning to go into a list of questions was sent to ments in ,education are being medicine. Homemakers receive these directors, among them this tried out and much research excellent training, and already one, "What seems to you to be work done on which the future this college is responsible for the the outstanding need of the boys education in China will be built. establishment of St. Christoand girls 1" One director an- T h r 0 ugh the Department of pher's College, which speci!lJ~zes swered, "Someone to love them." Home Economics, homemakers in all grades of teacher trammg. and teachers of homemaking are Someone to love them! Can't being trained. Religion and so- Women's Christian College, we love them, the lovely and the cial service occupy a prominent Tokyo, Japan. Over four hununlovely, the picturesque and the place in the college curriculum. dred students are enrolled this year in the Women's College of prosaic1 Most of us will have to do it at "long range," but one Japan, and the faculty, c?nsistway that we can show we do ing of about seventy full-tIme or care is to keep the Religious Work Directors in the schools Shantung University, Tsinan, part-time teachers, i~cludes onl~ where we now have them and China. Our interest here is cen- six Americans. PresIdent Yasul make it possible to place more tered around the training of is the outstanding woman eduwhere they are desperately need- women doctors who specialize in cator of Japan and a strong

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Christian influence in the college. fessional Women, W.C.T.U., the the Women's International Or- The students are living out the National Committee on the Cause ganizations, functioning in Gecollege motto of "Sacrifice and and Cure of War, International neva close to the League's Sec- Service" in their work for the Association of University Wom- retariat, has an immense task in less fortunate children of Tokyo. en and International Women's informing its member organiza- The graduates 0 c cup y many Cooperative Guild are the eleven tions how women may best coprominent positions in schools organizations which have united operate in making the Disarmaand in altruistic fields. A new in the formation of this commit- ment Conference a success. administration building has just tee for the purpose of promoting been completed and the most the success of the World Dis- Here is a great call to strenupressing need now is for a armament Conference. This com- ous effort. Disarmament is rechapel. mittee has its headquarters at quired not only to prevent actual Geneva, and its aim is to stimu- war but to direct enormous, non- There are many union institu- late and to concentrate the work productive, destructive expenditions in the Orient, but these for disarmament which women tures into productive, construcseven are the institutions in are carrying on throughout the tive channels. Let us not only which the great body of church world with such earnestness and rid ourselves of war, but of prepwomen of America have cen- zeal. Thus it represents many arations for war. Sign disarmatered their interest over a period millions of women of all nations, ment petitions; join an organiof many years. The need con- for whom the question of dis- zation which keeps you informed tinues and the task grows. More armament is one of the most im- of what you can do; read the responsibility is taken nationally portant the world has ever had newspapers; attend meetings; in China, India and Japan, and to consider. study the difficult issues; realize close examination shows that the that you are a citizen and let individual student in most cases At its first meeting in Septem- your government know how you bears about the same share of ber, 1931, the committee passed feel; and send a contribution, the expense of her education as the following resolution, which however small, to the Disarmadoes her American sister. En- was sent to the delegates of the ment Committee of the Women's dowments are lacking, and this League Assembly: International Organizations, 2, fact increases the amount needed Rue Daniel-Colladon, 2, Geneva to meet the current budget and The great international organiza- (Switzerland) to help carryon makes help from over the water tions of women assembled at a meet- its work effectively. ing of their special committee for imperative. united action in support of disarma- INTERNATIONAL EXHIBIT ment, beg to express their whole- And so we, whose daughters hearted support of the forthcoming An International Exhibit has partake of the educational feast Disarmament Conference and their been opened at 746 Fifth Avespread out by a thousand col- earnest desire for its success. They nue, New York City. leges, reach out in love and pledge themselves, by every means in friendship to our sisters across their power, to help in organizing the The store which has been given the sea, and through these seven vast and growing public opinion in for this exhibit is most attraccolleges for women give to them favor of the Conference and of the tively and effectively decorated some of the opportunities for the realization of the world-wide cry for and arranged as a center of indevelopment of Christian leader- disarmament and security. formation on the Conference for ship, the training of mind and the Limitation and Reduction of body which have been given to Women demand disarmament Armaments and questions reus and to those we love. and, as a first step, they ask for lated to it. an effective reduction of arma- DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE ments. At the same time they Pamphlets, periodicals, books OF THE WOMEN'S INTERNA- are convinced that the first arms and posters dealing with current to lay down are hatred and sus- international affairs and the Dis- TIONAL ORGANIZATIONS picion. It is with inner moral armament Conference as well as disarmament that one has to economic interdependence are on The Disarmament Committee begin. Women are specially quali- sale. Expert advice on literature, of the Women's International fied for this task, and it can be exhibit material and special pro- Organizations rep res en ts the their greatest contribution to the grams for club groups is availgreatest concerted action that work of disarmament. able. There is a children's corner women have ever undertaken. with suggestions for books and The International Council of A great impetus to the effort handcraft. Industrial exhibits Women, Universal Alliance of of women was given by the Span- are being displayed by many the Y. W. C. A., International Al- ish resolution adopted by the As- leading corporations, showing liance of Women for Suffrage sembly on September 24, 1931, the international scope of the and Equal Citizenship, Women's requesting "the Council to exam- work. International League for Peace ine the possibility of increasing and Freedom, World Woman's the collaboration of women in A center of this sort can be of Peace Union, European Union of the work of the League of Na- great educational value and a Soroptimist Clubs, International tions. This has special bearing' real aid in the creation of inter- Federation of Business and Pro- on the Disarmament Conference. est in world peace. The Disarmament Committee of

THE KINGDOM OF GOD people signed cards as inquirers. The following are some of the CAMPAIGN by-products of the movement to Some of these meetings were date: By William Axling Secretary of the National Chris- really monster meetings with It has created among the Christian forces of the Empire tian Council of Japan the attendance running as high a spirit of cooperation .and soli- darity which did not eXIst before The Kingdom of God Cam- as 2,000 at a single service. the movement was launched. paign starte~ its .sec?nd year The ninety district committees with four maJor obJectIves. Third: The third objective has that have been organized under its auspices have brought the First: Through the holding been to project the movement Christians of the cities and of of Training Conferences for the provinces in which these Christians to mobilize for the into the neglected rural area by committees are functioning into movement the laity of the church very close working relations and and to train them for active promoting and conducting Peas- given them a new consciousness participation in the movement. of the fact that they are one, ant Gospel Schools. As a pro- with a common Lord, a common With this in view two mass Gospel and a common goal. training conferences were held motional measure a conference early in the year, one in Tokyo Another by-product of the for the area including Tokyo and for the training of people to con- movement has been a broadenthe territory to the north and ing of the vision ?~ those. wl,lo one at Nara for the Osaka- duct Peasant Gospel Schools was have actively partICIpated mIt, Kyoto-Kobe district and the sur- and a re-interpretation of their rounding territory. One thou- held in Tokyo in April. Over task in terms of a more practical sand four hundred and fifty lay- Gospel and a Christiani.ty apmen and lay-women attended 100 delegates, most of them of- plied to the problems whIch are these conferences. These dele- distressing our modern world. gates were sent by the churches ficially appointed by the denomiin the areas covered by the con- An 0 the r far-reaching byference and have proved a tre- nation with which they are con- product has been the creation mendous force in creating inter- among the Christians of other est in the campaign in their re- nected, attended this conference. nations of a new interest in the spective churches and localities. Christian movement in this land Such Christian rural special- and especially a new interest in Following these two mass con- the progress of the indig~no~s ferences, con fer e n c e s of a ists as Messrs. Sugiyama, Kuri- Christian Church here whIch IS similar character have been held fast reaching full manhood. in a great many of the provinces bara, Mas s a k i, Kurabayashi, of the Empire, with representa- Letters come from all quarters tives from all of the churches in Yabe, Takizawa and Kagawa, of the world expressing a deep the province in attendance. interest in this Kingdom of God out of their own experience Campaign, assuring us of the Second: Another objective has prayers of a large number of been that of continuing the mass placed before these delegates the people in the various nations and evangelistic m e e tin g s which asking for information to pass were started last year. Dr. Kaga- purpose, the technique, the on to many who are eager to wa of course, has been the cen- know how the movement is trai figure in this particular course of study and other mat- progressing. p has e of the movement, but there have been a large number ters pertaining to the conduct In a very real sense the Camof pastors, as well as laymen, who all over the Empire have of a successful Gospel School. paign is thus creating not only served as evangels in meetings for the public at large. The Kingdom of God Cam- a new solidarity within the . Statistics have not as yet been paign has also provided speakers Christian forces of the Japanese gathered to cover this phase of the work for the current year, for quite a large number of Empire, but is creating a sense so it is impossible to report the number of meetings held and Peasant Gospel Schools that of sol ida r i t y between the their results. have already been held this year. churches of the west and the Dr. Kagawa covered the Tohoku fairly well and had some However, the movement only churches of this land. wonderful meetings in the Hok- Imido. During the twenty days' provides speakers for Gospel The movement needs your campaign there over 2,000 Schools that are cooperative in constant and passionate prayers.

character; that is, it will not It is packed with large poten- send speakers to schools that are tialities, but only prayer and the under purely denominational work of God's spirit can bring auspices. these to realization.

Fourth: The fourth objective this year is that of following up campaigns that have been held in the past with a view to con- serving their results. Quite a number of such follow-up cam- paigns have been held and each district committee, with this as a goal, is encouraged to put on special meetings for special groups, such as meetings for st~­ dents for educators, for bUSI- ness :nen, for working men, etc.

The Kingdom of God Weekly has held its own both as to cir- culation and content and about 3ev0~0r0y0 copies are published week. The launching of this evangelistic medium and the wide circulation which it has at- tained in so short a time is one of the outstanding achievements of this campaign thus far. Our W orld,Vide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Cu.rrent Events CHINA They do not have a single blank- packed to its utmost limits every day. et or change of clothing. The Standing room was even at a pre- Wrestling with Flood Perils chill winds will be exceedingly mium, and the addresses were broad- difficult for families with little cast by loud speakers to large audi- A unique factor of a Yangtze children. The entire Christian ences in the courtyard of the church. flood is its duration in time as community over a wide area has It was noteworthy that so many of well as extent in space. It is now been reduced to poverty by those who attended were young laynormal behavior for this great bandits and civil war. All men and women. stream to remain high for four buildings at Kienning have been or five months each year. This at least partially destroyed, and . Following the conference, four evematters little so long as it re- the mission safe, with the deeds mngs devoted to evangelistic work mains below the dike level, as it and accounts, and cash, has been were arranged, admission free. The does in ordinary years, but when looted, reports the pastor of a first of these was held on Sunday in it overflows the dikes and fills church' at Kienning. He lost the Lee Gardens. By the aid of loud all the valley, this slow recession everything he possessed, and speakers, the addresses were audible of the waters extends greatly the started out again in a borrowed in every part of the Gardens. It is estiperiod of distress. This means suit of clothes, to go back to his mated that there must have been fully no winter crops throughout most field and direct the work of res- ten thousand people present, and a of the valley, and the total de- toration. feature was the reverent attitude of struction of almost all buildings -American Board of Commis- all present. standing in water. sioners for Foreign Missions. These gatherings are the biggest of Relief organizations are oper- An Unusual Conference their kind ever held in China. All ating so efficiently now that delegates meet their own expenses, there is no word of actual star- Mrs. Arthur Lindquist, of the while at the same time contributing vation or acute distress, though Swedish American Mission, Can- toward the general expenses. No apthe deaths from disease remain ton, China, reports some most peal is made for funds, and on only high, despite heroic efforts by unusual gatherings for Bible one evening are envelopes distributed the medical services. The gov- study and evangelism. Bible for the free will offerings. ernment has asked medical conferences were held for ten schools to suspend work for days at both Hongkong and Can- A United Church in China three months in order that their ton for the deepening of spiritfaculties and advanced students ual life in the Chinese Church. When the Church of Christ in may be released for work in the These were conducted by the na- China was organized it was a devastated regions. tive Chinese churches. heterogeneous group with vary- ing backgrounds and origins, The hard pull is ahead when Before the first conference representing the work of fourthe coming of winter coincides was held it was felt that if fifty teen missionary societies with with' the exhaustion of local or one hundred teachers, pas- varying systems of church polstocks of grain. It is still too tors, and evange.Iists could be ity. The synods were scattered early for the collection of ac- gathered it would be worth all over China speaking varying curate information as to the while. To the surprise of all dialects and, with the exception totals which will be required. great numbers came in spite of of a very few of the Chinese pas- the terrific heat of midsummer tors and church leaders, were -The Christian Century. in the tropics. very little acquainted with each other. The two triennial meet- Self-forgetfulness and Courage From the South China Morn- ings of the General Assembly ing Post the following para- and these General Workers' Con- "Facing destruction, many graphs refer to the gathering at ferences have created opportunileaders have displayed self-for- Hongkong: ties for the unifying spirit of getfulness and courage. Prac- our Lord to manifest His gratically all the well-to-do families The annual Pooi-Ling Bible Confer- cious work. Out of these assemin our Christian community ~nce, an interdenominational gatherhave been robbed, held for ran- mg arranged by the Protestant a blies and conferences and resom, and forced to pay large churches, aims at the deepening of sums of money. The Director of spiritual life among Christian work- treats there is emerging· Religious Education and his ers. church which is not only united wife are living in the ruins of in name and in aim, but also in their once modern little home. The meetings were marked by pro- spirit and in service. It is a great found interest on the part of the Chi- privilege to see these integrating nese, Saint Paul's Church being forces at work and to observe the process of becoming a [115] church which is spiritually, es- sentially and actually one.

-A. R. Kepler. Bandit Rescues a Missionary are a mass of sentimentality or and a debauchee in spite of his Mr. Lacey Sites, of the Amer- filth. It is time that America excellent education. His sins ican Methodist Mission, Fukien, showed at least as much good brought him to attempted suiwho was taken captive and held judgment as the Chinese. cide and delirium tremens. The for ransom by Chinese bandits Chinese Responsibility bullet missed his brain yet left that infest that province gained him lying for a long time be- his liberty a week later. No The staff of the Protestant tween life and death. A Japanransom money was paid. He Episcopal Mission at Anking is ese pastor led him to the Cross. was rescued by a young bandit almost entirely Chinese. The His deliverance was immediate leader who, with a hundred fol- foreign members are: one bish- and his transformation comlowers, scoured the hills for four op and one foreign priest, one plete. This has so impressed the days in search of the missing doctor and two nurses, two busi- university officials and hospital missionary. This young bandit ness women, three sisters, two surgeon under whom he serves, had attended a missionary meet- men teachers. The Chinese staff that indifferent as they are to ing addressed by Mr. Sites, and includes: 31 Chinese priests, the claims of Christ on themhad been so impressed that he 18 catechists, 96 teachers, 3 doc- selves, they allow him to hold had exp'ressed a desire to change tors, 2 sisters. Bishop Hunting- meetings with patients, nurses his mode of life. He left after a ton writes: and office staff. Some thirty- short conversation with the mis- The object of the Anking mission five souls gather weekly to pray sionary and no particular impor- has always been to merge itself in the and praise and listen. Chinese Church, and the troubles of tance was attached to the inci- recent years have hastened it. Chi- For Peace and Progress dent at the time. This bandit, nese workers are now in charge of hearing of Mr. Sites' capture, nearly everything in the diocese. The Christian conscience in immediately called his followers Every church, every school, and even Japan is aroused to the menace together and went in pursuit. the hospital, are under Chinese heads. of the present Sino-Japanese They found the missionary in a The bishop and the diocesan treasurer dispute. The National Christian small house, closely guarded, are Americans. Council of Japan, representing surrounded the house, effected practically all Protestant Chrishis release, and brought him I hope, and my Chinese brethren tians in the land, unanimously home in a sedan chair. share the hope, that we shall not be passed a strong resolution con- forced into making another jump too taining the following declara- China Motion Picture Control suddenly. In any event the Church tions: in China, in spite of her troubles, is Immorality, murder and rob- going on to meet her new problems, In view of the Manchurian incibery are promoted by many mo- stronger and more vigorous than dent we feel a deep sense of selftion picture films. The life of ever. reproach that the spirit of world JAPAN-CHOSEN many peoples, including Ameri- Japan Evangelistic Band peace, based on brotherly love which cans, is grossly misrepresented we constantly advocate, does not per- In Kobe there are nearly a by films exported to other coun- dozen little churches, all self- vade the world's life. We pledge ourtries. In order to insure against selves to new endeavor in behalf of peace in the Orient and throughout this the Chinese ministry of supporting, the result of the the world. May the conception of jusfinance has instructed the cus- work of the Japan Evangelistic tice, friendship and love be deep-going toms administration to prohibit Band. Their total annual offerthe export of Chinese films un- ings amount to over three thou- and rule the hearts Df all who are concerned with this problem, and lead to an early solution of the difficulty, less previously approved by the sand dollars. One is a mission- thus eradicating the roots of the con- ary church, the members of troversy between Japan and China. national film censorship commis- • . . We earnestly desire the pray- which are Koreans. Another sion. China insists that the group of country s tat ion s ers and cooperation of our brethren movies made in that country in Christ and of all peace movements shall fairly represent the Chi- around the city of Okayama are everywhere. nese people. America permits all self-supporting and guided by The present international sitthe exportation of the worst of Mr. Sato, an old Band member. uation, the increasingly desper- Hollywood pictures without in- There is still another group, ate industrial and social conditerference, and has instituted a thirteen in number, scattered tions in Japan, and the fact that bureau whose function it is to through the country. These too 40,000,000 rural people in 12,000 increase the sale of American are self-supporting. A larger Japanese villages have not been films abroad no matter how group of twenty-six little con- touched as yet by Christian efmuch they may damage Ameri- gregations lying between Kobe forts is enough to convince the ca's reputation. Alternating and the west coast of Japan are most skeptical of the need for a with the gangster films are those the result of the Forward Move- united Christian front to the of low moral standards, depict.:. ment. evils of the day. An evidence of ing men as not only not protect- A typical convert's story is the vitality of Japanese Christiing women, but gliding with that of the present cashier of a anity is shown by the Christian them down the path of sin. The hospital connected with a large Council's approval of the misbulk of the exported pictures university. He was a drunkard sion work being undertaken

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

among Japanese in other lands, lies hidden in those figures. One 1830." A great crowd assembled notably Brazil, the Philippines, boy from a darkened home every on the site, where these men and the United States. day at school prayed that his lived and are buried. Bowed be- parents, brothers and sisters neath the palms, on the eastern Union Bible Classes in Osaka might know Christ and at home end of this tiny island, that he urged them to take the step. stands sentinel by the date line, From the bustling city of They would not even attend many lives were pledged to take Osaka, Japan, comes encourag- until "c 0 m men cern e n t" day up the torch and wave it wide. ing news of a Bible Training when, hearing their little son "These all died in faith. Theirs School. Miss Ann Kludt writes recite Scripture and seeing him was the past century, ours is the in the Watchman~Examiner: receive a Bible in reward, they present! A century in which to all gave their heart to the Lord. keep Fiji Christian, in the face Several members of the Bible class That church-the Ip..Am Church of new sinister forces that are have seen the vision of a union of all of Suh Hyung Co.-reports the revealing themselves on every the English Bible classes of the city. whole church revived as a re- hand." We tried to arrange for such a meet- sult of its summer venture for ing last year, but we had to give up the children. -Missionary Review the idea. But last Sunday we did (Australasia) . have the meeting, and were more than At O-San 260 children were delighted for nine classes were repre- taught. Sec u I ar primary Mass Education in Lanao sented with seven foreign teachers. teachers tried to p'revent ten of Eighty-nine members of the nine them from attending, five were We are under tremendous classes were present. The program beaten and abused by their pressure. Now we have 142 was divided into three parts: devo- parents and twenty or thirty volunteer teachers; program tional, a program by the classes, and were abused for going to a Bible gaining momentum every day; a discussion. The result was a union School. Many were illiterate our newspaper printing job is of the classes with the object of meet- when the school started. At the ass u min g huge proportions; ing once .or twice a year for better end of the term, seven-tenths of 2,000 new persons a month are service and fellowship. One of the them had not only learned to now learning to read, and what most gratifying things was to see the read and write but read well to give them to read has become way the members of the class shoul- enough to take their turn in a nightmare to me. I stay dered the responsibility and worked. reading Scripture verses. awake half the night, and dream The class is going on to greater the other half about it. things. Their enthusiasm knows no A place called Kyung Hyung bounds. reports an increase in attend- I have before me the names ance of 130 because of the sum- of 1,158 men and women who Leader of a Beggar Band mer's work. Eighty-six were learned to read during the past baptized and ninety-eight agreed month. Of this number 250 The Salvation Army has for to read their Bible every day are women-no one can realize many years maintained a Home through the year. what this means who has not for Beggar Boys here in Seoul. been in Lanao. We taught as Some years ago, when the work The Swallen Bible Corre- many girls last month as have was first begun, the workers spondence Course continues to been in the public schools of picked up off the streets one cold enroll new students. There are Lanao since the schools were winter's night a little boy and now 4,487 people taking the opened. We now have the names took him into the Home. course and 1,126 graduates. A of 12,000 who have learned to number of Bible Institutes make read since we began this method. The boy was intelligent, be- this a part of the work required came the leader of the Beggar of each student. FRANK LAUBACH, Lanao, P. I. Boys' Band, and a first-class assistant about the place. Last ISLANDS OF THE SEA An Object Lesson in Fiji winter a letter came from a Korean woman in America ask- Centenary Celebrations in Fiji Sixty years ago we used to ing the Salvation Army to hear lurid tales of savagery and undertake to find her lost son. Just 100 years ago three murders and cannibalism in the She gave his name, stating also Tahitian teachers made the first Fiji Islands. Now a visitor can that he was a citizen of the organized attempt to evangelize see with his own eyes these peo- U. S. A. by birth in that coun- Fiji. In the opening service of ple and their descendants enjoytry. She said that she was now thanksgiving last July the key- ing the blessings of civilization able to pay his way to America note of the celebrations was and all of them nominally and care for him. The boy was struck in the song that rang out "Christian." the leader of the Band. Surely in the words, "Send the Light! God works in mysterious ways. Send the Light!" The Chair- It was a great surprise to Roscoe C. Coen–Presbyterian man of the Fiji District unveiled learn that in addition to Fiji Mission in Seattle. a stone tablet, "To the memory being now entirely civilized of J ecoro, Arue, and Atai, three ninety-three per cent of the The Korea Sunday Schools Christian Tahitian teachers who native Fijians can read and landed at Oneata on July 9, write. Mr. A. W. Macmillan, the The chief work of the summer Government Inspector of native was the 790 Summer Children's schools, introduced me to the Bible Schools, enrolling 4,160 teachers and 67,193 pupils. Many a romance in spiritual life

grandson of the last cannibal South, reports the year 1930-31 Morocco lying south of Agadir- king of Fiji-King Kakohau- as one of the best in its history. a region hitherto as much closed who ceded the Islands to Great The following are some of the to missionary enterprises as Britain in 1874. .Two large, definite achievements: Tibet.

pointed granite stones were A revival in the Congo has re- Versions in forty-six lan- shown me upon which King sulted in 300 conversions. Rites guages have been sold to pas- Kakobau and his predecessors, of baptism were administered to sengers on the ships at Port after raiding n e i g h b 0 r i n g Chiang Kai-Shek, ex-President Said.

islands and torturing their cap- of China. A new church costing A colporteur, entering a circus tives, would dash the brains of $20,000 was dedicated in Liege, in Austria, succeeded in selling their victims and then p.artake Belgium. A gift of $10,000 Gospels to J.apanese, Chinese of the cannibal feast. The last (Mexican) was given anony- and Arabic performers. Occa- murder was in 1867, when a mis- mously by a Chinese Christian sionally the colporteurs find sionary was killed and eaten. for promoting evangelism. The themselves in districts where If people who despise mission- Moore Memorial Church in payment is made in bananas, ary effort would go out and see Shanghai was completed at a fish, eggs, or roasted chestnuts.

for themselves the wonderful cost of $325,000 (Mexican), In Spain, where 136,900 copies transformation that has taken $50,000 being contributed by the of the Scriptures were displace in the Fiji Islands they Chinese. Autonomous churches tributed last year, the Revolu- would assuredly become active have been set up in Brazil, Mex- tion has given the Bible So- supporters of the Christian mis- ico and Korea. Kwansei Gakuin, ciety's agents greater freedom a school operated jointly by of action. sionary enterprise. If a few of our laymen, accom- Methodist, South, and United Russia is at present the only panied by members of their Church of Canada Boards, has considerable portion of the infamilies, could see these Islands been given full university status. habited world into which Bible and these people-descendants A church has been built for Ko- colporteurs cannot penetrate.

of former savage tribes-they reans in San Francisco, and The proximity of Communistic would be intensely interested three churches for Indians in Russia, however, seems to have and return home full of en- Oklahoma. More than 1,000 per- stimulated the sale of Bibles in thusiasm for the work of our sons were converted and a new Estonia, Latvia and Poland. missionaries who have changed church has been built at Kingsa savage cannibal race into a port, Tenn., an industrial center. NORTH AMERICA thoroughly civilized and God- World Wide Bible Distribution College Students and the Church fearing community. -J. C. M,eggitt in The British The British and Foreign Bible Statistics for the year 1929-30 Weekly. Society records the issue of four- show that 87 per cent of the stu- GENERAL teen new versions. The total dents at publicly controlled col- number of Bibles, New Testa- leges and universities belong to ments and portions of the Scrip- some church. According to a $2,500,000,000 a Year for Philanthropies tures distributed during the statement issued by Dr. William Money devoted to philan- past year was 11,888,226, of thropic purposes in the United which 7,604,625 copies were sold Lindsay Young, director of the States is $2,500,000,000 a year, by 1,130 colporteurs. Department of University Work, according to Dr. Arthur J. Todd, In South America thirty-nine Board of Christian Education, the Presbyterian constituency Professor of Sociology at the colporteurs sold 250,000 copies, represents the second largest re- Northwestern University. Dr. canvassing from house to house ligious group, composed of 35,- Todd says that philanthropy in the great cities. Forty per 541 members. This is a remarkstood eighth in the list of the ten cent of the Gospels circulated in great American industries in the Argentina were sold by a single able showing and answers the statements often made that our value of its total operations. colporteur at a Buenos Aires colleges are hotbeds of irreligion "Approximately one-half of railroad station. Another man and dissipation. .

this money goes for religious climbs far up the slopes of the The increase in the number of purposes; education receives 8 Andes to visit places within the students in colleges, however, per cent; health, 9.2 per cent; jungle zone. personal gifts to individuals. A colporteur with the pioneer- means that a whole section of 11.6 per cent, and foreign relief ing spirit worked among Tibe- membership of the home church has moved out from under the receives 9.7 per cent." The 380 tans for three months, crossing ministrations of the minister.

community chests raised about .over into the forbidden land in There are few people between $85,000,000 last year. the wake of shepherds and the ages of 18 and 22 in the same Triumphs for Methodists herdsmen. town as their home church. The Colporteurs have now been college student is geographically The Mission Board of the able for the first time to drive removed from Christian leader- Methodist Episcopal Church, an automobile into the region of ship. As an agency for keeping

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in touch with students, the home Home Missions Under Difficulties from 1910 to 1920 however, the church has broken down. For Protestant gain was 53% slower the greater part of the year, ex- Claton S. Rice of Montana than the gain in population. cept in rare instances, the min- writes: "It was sixteen below ister is out of touch with them. that morning, and by evening In 1920 Catholics numbered the wind was blowing and an- 1,883 more than the Protestants, A City Mission Centennial other blizzard in progress. A Russo-German drove me fifteen but in 1930 Protestants gained One hundred years ago, the miles to a country church where the lead by 218,219. That census story of a new venture of the I had the privilege of addressing showed a Catholic gain of 21 % Church in the interest of the about 100 people, most of them to 2,362,805; an Eastern Ortho- "plain people and the poor" was young folks. To think that they dox gain of 21 % to 111,096; a presented in the Episcopal pul- had come out on such a night to Jewish gain of 14% to 1,875,521 pits of New York City. This attend a church service! It was and a Protestant gain of 32% to venture was christened "The good to see their eyes glisten New York Protestant Episcopal when I used their language. I 2,581,024. During the same City Mission Society." was entertained at a Russo-Ger- period of ten years the popula- tion of New York City increased 23%_ Its purpose was to take the man home built on a bleak hill- Better Race Relations church's ministry to Episcopa- side with no trees about it. As lians and others not being no wheat was raised this year Steps have been taken in Milreached by the regular parish great stacks of Russian thistles waukee, Wisconsin, to improve were the only roughage in sight. race relations between the white churches" such as "families of Imagine my surprise to find that people and the 12,000 colored poorer mechanics, merchants' the house was furnace-heated citizens by organizing a race reclerks, journeymen, apprentices, from coal mined right on the domestics, and others unable to place. They had electric lights lations council. Several small pay for sit tin g s, besides as well from their own plant, groups have been functioning ins t ran g e r s, immigrants, etc." not only in the house, but in the barn. This farmer says that terracially and the new council There h ave been added there will be good years again, is made up primarily of the through the years such auxiliary and he is not unduly discour- chairmen of such groups, with efforts as the famous shelter, St. aged. The wonderful snowfall representatives of many civic, Barnabas' House, neighborhood of the last week in November social and religious bodies. The and settlement work at God's gives promise of better agricul- Providence House, fresh air and tural conditions next year." executive board will include repconvalescent work at Rethmore resentatives of various civic, Home and Schermerhorn House. -The Congregationalist. Jewish, Catholic and Protestant organizations of the city. Today that infant-organiza- A Million in Men's Bible Classes tion, born in 1831 with one mis- The council proposes to study sionary and a budget of $1,000, Six thousand classes, with a is closing its one hundredth year total membership of approxi- the local situation of other dark mately 1,000,000 men, are now races represented in the citywith a staff of more than 175 affiliated with the National Fed- American Indians, Mexicans, workers and a yearly expendi- eration of Men's Bible classes ture of over $325,000. which held its eighth annual Chinese and others. The local convention in Canton, Ohio, re- press, it is reported, is giving -Elizabeth B. Canaday in The Chu1·chman. strong backing to the movement toward the establishment of in- terracial understanding and good will in Milwaukee.

The Presbyterians Retrench cently. LATIN AMERICA The Presbyterian General· Church Members in New York Religious Limitations in Mexico Council recommended $10,000,- 000 as the basic benevolence Protestant church members in The Mexican Government has budget for the year 1932-33, to New York City are more nu- recently enforced the decree perbe apportioned as follows: merous than Roman Catholics. mitting only one priest or pastor After their loss ten years ago of of anyone religious sect to National Missions ……. $ 3,059,500 Foreign Missions…….. 2,370,750 the prestige of numbers, figures every 50,000 people in Mexico on religious affiliation of the City or Lower California. No Christian Education ….. 1,239,750 6,930,446 citizens of New York clergyman is permitted to of- Pensions ……………. 507,500 have been made public by Dr. Walter Laidlaw, executive secre- ficiate in more than one church. American Bible Society… 58,000 This has caused the closing of Fed. C.ouncil of Churches. 14,500 Total …………….. $ 7,250,000 tary of the Cities Census Com- many Roman Catholic churches. Woman's National mittee of the United States There are now 400 priests and Census Bureau. During the ten 200 Roman Catholic churches in Missions '" $1,375,000 years from 1920 to 1930 Protest- Mexico City alone. The new Woman's Foreign ant adherents gained in num- law will permit only 24 priests bers 39% faster than the gain and 24 churches in the Federal Missions '" 1,375,000 2,750,000 Total …………. $10,000,000 in population. During the period District. The Vera Cruz limit

is one priest per 100,000 of the Linguistically, they are divided, whole villages became Christian, the Kanella and Gaviao speaking and some of the more intelligent population. A motion urging all priests what is perhaps one of the hard- members of the community beand lay Catholics to wage a cam- est indigenous languages in came effective preachers of the paign against the Young Men's South America-the "Ge"- Gospel.

C h r i s t ian Association, the while the Guajajara Indians -The Christian. Young Women's Christian Asso- speak the more familiar tongue ciation and similar organiza- known as "Tupi." EUROPE tions brought to Mexico from the A mission of the Roman Cath- Moravian Missions United States was passed by the National Guadalupe Catholic olic Church worked at one time The Moravians have been from Congress in Mexico City where among the Guajajara tribe, but the first a distinctly missionary the congress was in session in body. The Hon. Robert Gawconnection with the celebration its activities terminated a few thorne-Hardy writes in Blackof the four hundredth anniver- years ago, when the Indians re- wood's Magazine: "Moravian sary of the traditional appear- volted against certain policies of missionaries have been in Labance of the Virgin of Guadalupe. the mission, and in one night rador since the eighteenth cen- The motion accused the societies tury, and it is their endeavors named of injecting an anti-na- murdered five nuns and seven alone which have preserved the tionalist spirit into the country priests. We found hardly any Eskimo and have turned a thievand encouraging undress athlet- ing, treacherous race into a peoic parades in public. trace of the former so-called ple of unbelievable gentleness Christian teaching. In one year, and honesty." This is only one Religion in Salvador by the blessing of God, one vil- part of their far-flung field of lage has been practically freed effort. As the London Times The National Assembly voted of drink to the consternation of says: "The fine work of the recently to prohibit the incoming Moravian missionaries is known of all priests and ministers of the unscrupulous drink traffick- from Greenland to the Himareligions. This was motivated in ers, who, today, receive little re- turn from their former victims.

Similar moral transformations seem to be accompanying the preaching of the Gospel in most part by the fear that the possi- of the villages where our mes- layas." ble expulsion of the religious or- sage has been delivered and un- This year the Moravian Church ders from Spain would mean an derstood. -L. E. Harris. will celebrate the 200th anniver- sary of its foreign missionary influx of foreign clergy into the A Land of Mystery enterprise. A booklet by Rev. country. The president, how- Forty years ago the vast re- John Greenfield, Moravian evanever, refused to sign the bill. In the capital city of Salvador gion in the heart of South Amer- gelist of Warsaw, Indiana, enthe Baptists have just finished a ica, known as the Gran Chaco, titled "Power From on High," $46,000 primary school building was a land of mystery, its tells the story of the Moravian which is both modern and beau- wastes unexplored, its peoples revival which resulted in the tiful. At Santa Ana a high unrecognized. Single – handed, conversion of John and Charles school building costing $60,000 Barbrooke Grubb, the brave pio- Wesley and the beginning of was dedicated in January. neer, penetrated the interior and Methodism. settled among its inhabitants. The first Moravian missiona- Difficult Situation in Chile Gradually, as he and his com- ries were sent out in the year Business is very bad in Chile. panions opened up the country, 1732, and began work in the Many are out of work and thou- savages became useful citizens. West Indies, which has become sands are gathered in big ware- Nomads were weaned from rov- one of the church's largest fields. houses where they are fed by the ing ways and persuaded to adopt When Carey sent out his mis- government. Many are in a dis- settled habits. Children were sionary challenge in 1792, the tressing condition. The Presby- educated. Young men were Moravians had already sent terian Mission School at Valpa- taught various handicrafts, and three hundred missionaries to raiso is endeavoring to do some- instructed in all branches of cat- work in North and South Amerthing to help them. Most of tle-ranching. Girls were trained ica, the West Indies, Greenland these people work in mines in farm duties as well as in do- and Labrador. The Moravians which are nearly all closed. As mestic service. Social life im- were the first to send missiona- Chile depends so much on the in- proved. Infanticide declined. ries to the Jews, and the first to come from salitre, a difficult sit- S epa rat e houses displaced work among lepers (South Afri- uation has been created. groups of filthy shelters. Agri- ca,1818).

Indians of Amazonia culture was encouraged, and the There are over three hundred keeping of sheep and goats, stations, yet the annual expendi- There are more than two horses and cattle was inculcated. ture amounts to but little over thous~nd natives in the region One by one the men and women £100,000; of this, less than half of Barra do Corda. They belong shook off the shackles of witch- is raised at home, the greater to three tribes, known as the craft and submitted themselves proportion being the contribu- Gaviao, Kanella and Guajajara. to Christ. In course of time, tion of the mission fields.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Gypsy Church We are pressing our churches to sional but as one of themselves and it makes a great difference. We have Dr. Rushbrooke, of the Bap- learn the joy of giving to the Lord. already sympathizers in Cracow and tist World Alliance, describes Vilna and may be able to organize the recent dedication of the Bap- But this year these people are suffer- branches there. Our meetings are very tist church building in the gypsy helpful not only to the Jews but also village of Golenzi, Bulgaria. A ing under problems of unemployment to the Gentiles who are drawn closer stolen New Testament led, some to Christ. In the heat of discussion years back, to the formation of and failure in business. Unlike the they have to define their own posia gypsy church in this village. tion towards Christianity and they It has hitherto met in cottage rest of the world, most of our com- learn to look up to Christ for support. rooms which have proved inadequate. Now gifts from the Ger- munities have a background of de- Bank Directors Open With man Baptists of America have Prayer made it possible to secure a portation and worldly losses, from church. The gypsies themselves The small Protestant group of have taken a large share in the which they have had no chance yet to which Rev. J. S. Porter, Prague, undertaking, including the man- Czechoslovakia, is the shepherd ufacture of 32,000 bricks. The recover. Out of their poverty they has started a bank in that city. Sunday of the dedication was a The meetings of the directors historic occasion in the village have done wonders, and three evan- are always opened with prayer. and the semi-barbaric finery of The government inspector was the gypsies provided abundant gelical churches are already entirely present officially at one such material for photographers at- meeting. Afterwards he ex- self-supporting. pressed himself as surprised and tracted by a unique event. The pleased with such a start. All Sunday School gathering and The Executive Committee of the of the net income of the bank is the distribution of a small hymn used in the interests of church book-the first in the gypsy lan- Greek Evangelical Synod finds itself and benevolent work. There are guage-and of the gypsy Gospel but two paid clerks-the remainof Matthew were special fea- with a deficit of 143,000.00 drachmae der of the officials give their tures. The response of gypsies services. in Golenzi to the presentation of (or, the equivalent of $1,857.00); and, the Gospel message is remark- Russian Activity able and significant, but this they are faced With the necessity of The following items are taken race is scarcely yet touched. from the Allgemeine Evangel- They represent an opportunity, cutting off the salary of nearly half isches Lutherischen Kirchena problem and a challenge. In zeitung, which is in a position to Bulgaria alone there are 150,- the preachers and two Bible women. obtain certain facts: 000, nominally Orthodox or Mo- The Russian authorities have hammedan, but practically with- All the ministers, with one accord, de- been making great efforts to spread communistic teachings out any idea of God. clared they could not give up their among the German population, -The Watchman Examiner. which is found notably in the work, but were willing to live on half, Volga region. A communistic A Stirring Appeal from Greece paper, N euland, published in or no pay, and to try to earn their German, brings the complaint Evangelical work in Greece that notwithstanding the greatwas started eighty years ago, living in oonththeerirwcaoynsg,resgtaitlilonkse.*eping est efforts it has not been able to their hold raise its circulation to 5,000. amidst terrific opposition and In consequence of the uninterpersecutions, and has been main- After a thorough examination rupted workday week, many tained under heavy sacrifices of the situation, six workers of church services have had to be both on the part of the Greek congregations that are able to transferred to the evening evangelicals and by the help both maintain their work, unani- hours. Attempt is being made of British and American mis- mously agreed to offer 10% of to prevent such services on the their meagre salaries into the ground that the electric cursionary societies. general fund, to aid in the sup- rent should be refused churches The Greek Evangelical Synod port of their brethren, and the and prayer houses, since 100 other eight workers accepted has sent out a stirring appeal for churches consume as much help in this time of financial dis- the conclusion that they should power as a large factory. tress. They say: confine themselves to the $5 or $10 a month their starving con- The question of the child and These are days of unusual opportu- gregations can give them until the school in the Soviet Union is nities in Greece. The fields are white outside help comes. This all entering on a new phase. A unto the harvest and we are praying means that the workers and child attaining the age of fourthe Lord of the harvest to send forth their families are facing starva- teen years may join the Union more laborers. To help each work- tion. About $1500 a year would of the Godless. Parents who er to have the strongest influence would hinder this are deprived among men, and also to free his mind save the situation. from financial anxiety there should be funds to cover expenses. • ,Contributions may be sent to Rev. P. G. Longinides, 50 Amalias Ave., Athens, Greece.

Christian-Jewish Students in Warsaw Dr. Prentky of the Warsaw Station of London Church Mis- sion to the Jews writes: The Society for the Approach of Jews and Gentiles is passing from its babyhood into vigorous youth. We have come into touch with several groups of students of different politi- cal and religious opinions: we have gathered around us Roman Catho- lics, Protestants, Greek-Orthodox and Jews, the last representing Zionism and Assimilation, 0 r tho d 0 x y and Liberalism. We have drawn up our status and presented it to the Gov- ernment for legalization and we are assured that the Government regards our activities with sympathy.

The number of students attending our weekly meetings grows steadily. We have endless opportunities of dis- cussing religion and Christ. One meets there young people not as a profes-

of their work and their children AFRICA use plumbago to prevent inflam- mation in a wound and the are taken away. From the age A Closed Land stitch.

of eight years on children may The bark of the root of the red dagga plant is one of the native be entered in junior groups of One of the least known of cures for snake-bite. Europeans the ungodly. Moslem areas is the Spanish value it even more than natives Colony of Rio de Oro with its for this purpose, who also make In anti-religious effort these protectorate. Although the pop- a tincture from its flowers for Soviet schools have accomplished ulation is small, it is practically coughs, chest complaints, and all Mohammedan. A French nervous headaches. much. At the same time in all traveler reports in The Geoother lines they have been woe- graphical Journal his attempt But the plant's greatest value to penetrate this area: is when it is used with an herb fully inefficient. The Soviet which is called ubuhlungu besigschool gives only a fraction of One of the most inaccessible tracts cawu (by itself another snakewhat the public schools in other in the whole of Africa at the present bite remedy). The combination countries offer their pupils. day is the country known as the Rio is used as an antidote to blood- poisoning, and some remarkable At present Pravda is agitat- cures are recorded even where the patients have seemed to be ing for an accurate registration in extremis. The herb is strongly antiseptic, and a paste from its of all the children of school age, de Oro, south of the Wed Dra on the leaves relieves toothache. with the view of enforcing a sys- southern frontier of Morocco. It is inhabited by fanatical tribes and ex- -South African Outlook. tem of compulsory education. posed to the raids of brigands. Last In the Sudan Open Doors in Italy year a young Frenchman, Michel Vieuchange, set himself the task of Archdeacon Archibald Shaw The Spezia Mission has never pushing south of the Dra to the mys- went to the Southern Sudan in terious town of Smara, built last cen- 1905, to work under the C. M. S. faced a winter's work with among primitive tribes, with greater opportunities than at tury in the midst of the desert by the funds contributed in memory of rebel Marabut Ma el Ainin. He un- General Gordon. He believes present. Conditions make for dertook the journey with the minimum that Christianity can best be larger liberty in missionary op- of equipment, aided only by a small spread by education. He says: erations, and God is speaking to party of natives, the fidelity of some Our two and a half million people of whom was open to grave suspicion. are scattered over a vast area. It men's hearts and granting a real He disguised himself as an Arab is not much good to preach to them under a palm tree for a day or two, revival. Many who this year woman-there were two women also and then not to revisit the spot for a have taken their stand for Christ in the party-and so reached the fron- year or more. If we can influence our boys and girls in the schools they are giving, by lip and life, a tes- tier post of Tigilit, where he under- make much better missionaries to went wearisome delay, lying hid in a their own people, especially as they timony that is stirring all those are going back and multiplying the about them. native room too low for him to stand little bush schools. In one or two up in, while his guide bargained for areas, as a result, there have arisen Some students of a govern- "mass movements" on a small scale, ment departmental college, live- the necessary camels. Smara was de- and in these areas the natives are serted, though native encampments clamoring for baptism and teachers. We find that in the boarding schools ly, riotous young feIlows, heard were seen .on the plain, and M. Vieu- nearly 90 per cent of the boys come of our Protestant meetings and to us for baptism before they leave. change made a hurried inspection be- . We are planning for the coming came with the idea of creating a fore starting back. The traveller winter to put a mission station disturbance. But the Lord met amongst the Nuers, probably the wild- reached Tiznit, in Southern Morocco, est people of Africa today, who have completely worn out, was taken by constantly and recently defied the Government. It is hoped that the them, and it is a thrilling story aeroplane to Mogador, where a fort- present policy of "pacification" may night later he died at the military be aided by the establishment of misof modern miracles to hear how hospital. sion schools. He showed them their sinfulness The British Government is subsidizand brought them to a knowl- African Medicines ing the missionary education already edge of Jesus. They have pub- begun. We have our bush schools licly confessed their Lord in bap- A number of the herbs used which give what is called a "subtism in crowded gatherings, at by the African witch doctors grade" education. There are now also which were present many of have been found to have a defi- one C.M.S. and two Roman Catholic their college companions. The nite medicinal value. The roots "Intermediate" schools in which the whole college is stirred. Some of a plant known as the wild whole of the teaching is in English. are feeling it their duty to write sweet potato were used to expel to their parents and relations in the devils from a person supother parts of Italy to tell them posed to be bewitched. The plant what has happened, and so the is both poisonous and dangerous. Umlanjeni, the evil genius of fire is spreading. Nearly five hundred children the Chief SandHi in the Kafir are thronging our Bible day War of 1850, persuaded the Afschools, and we have been com- ricans that the purple and white pelled to close our doors to more roots of one of the pelargoniums for sheer lack of space. would ward off the white man's Our central aim is to preach .bullets. This pelargonium is still the Gospel and to bring the good called by them ikubalo lika Um- news of salvation to those in ig- lanjeni (Umlanjeni's charm).

norance and superstition. He also gave them pieces of -Rev. H. H. Pullen in The the plumbago shrub to chew for Christian. the same purpose. Today they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In these the boys are mainly trained The Blind in Egypt Ovambo and Bushmen. There as schoolmasters and clerks, and are are among these at least 77,000 prepared for further training as med- The Church Missionary Soci- human beings to whom evangel- ical assistants. ety has received from Gindi Ef- ists must be sent. fendi Ibrahim, himself blind, an Double Shift Christians account of the efforts to help the Famine in Zululand blind of Egypt, who number half This name is given to an in- a million. Since 1923 Gindi Ef- The Rev. John Hawkins of fendi has been in charge of this Somkele, Zululand, South Africreasing number of Sunday work. In 1925 he opened a ca, writes: "This district has school officers and teachers in school near al Azhar Univer- been proclaimed by the govern- sity, the great centre of Moslem ment 'a famine-stricken area.' Johannesburg, South Africa, learning. Not only did he teach Nearly all the rivers and water who, in addition to working in. the sheikhs who came to him to holes were dried up; no grass, read the Bible in Braille, but no planting, no money, lack of their own white Sunday school als(l taught them some handi- employment, and cattle too thin craft to enable them to gain a to be accepted as barter. It is in the afternoon, conduct Sun- living. Many of these sheikhs reported that 1,000 head of catday schools in the morning for afterwards came to ask ques- tle are dying daily in Zululand. the black children. These native tions relating to Christianity. Ours also, including donkeys, schools are promoted by the have been dying daily, so that Rhenish Mission Growth we were unable to raise a team Witwatersrand Methodist Na- of either to fetch a load from the tive Mission. The children are The Rhenish Mission reports railway station. It is reported the first generation of complete- that the number of members in that the government is sending the Naama and Herero country in maize at twelve shillings a ly town-dwelling natives, and has grown to 52,644 during the sack of 200 lbs., the price here past year, an increase of 3,143. today being seventeen shillings. the whole European church must Besides this, at the end of the The outlook is serious for us and year there were 2,542 persons for the people; and yet our wabe mobilized to meet this intense more being instructed. The ter tank is full and overflowmg, number of pupils also has in- while most springs are dried situation. Few natives have creased. The report states espe- up." either the knowledge or the gifts cially that all these increases which qualify them to teach chil- have come "in spite of the stress -The Christian. of the times." dren. At present this mission "Mothering" 250 Malagasy Boys Instruction is being given to has 27 Sunday schools with 2,445 children on farms by mi- Pastor Hallanger of the Nor- gratory evangelists. This is an wegian Lutheran Church of 2,174 scholars and 105 teachers, institution of great service in America has recently assumed this mission. The people are full responsibility for the erec- 57 of the latter being European seeing the advantages of educa- tion of the boys' school in Manand 48 native. tion and say that a child that antantely, Madagascar, and finds grows up wild-"like a jackal in that the task "piles up before me The movement grew out of a the field"-has no prospects for a great deal more work than I business man's query about advancement. can do properly." Among the what could be done to meet the things which he is compelled to situation. In many instances In an area as large as the oversee are the health of the native schools were adopted by state of Texas there are 30,352 boys, the cleanliness of the build- European schools in the same whites, of whom 12,352 live in ing, the teaching, the discipline, area and staffed by those who communities and the larger the spiritual life of the school, taught black children in the number on farms. There exists and even matters of clothing. morning and white children in a police zone. Outside of this This with a total enrollment of the afternoon. By an adapta- zone there are 117,000 Ovambos about 250 boys, 190 of whom are tion of mining phraseology, who migrate to find work, and boarding pupils, is no small task. these have been described as more than a hundred thousand "double shift Christians." The among whom no mission society "The boys themselves teach difficulty of language was solved does any work at all. In the case each other the intricacies of the by placing the native day school of the migratory children, it is sewing machine and tailoring. staff, many of whom enlisted, in felt that migrating evangelists The boys are at present busy charge of the smaller children would do the most effectiv~ sewing their suits of clothes. In who had not as yet acquired a work. In the police zone in the the normal school they get about working use of the English lan- Southwest there are 102,392 na- five meters of unbleached cotton guage. tives, composed of Hottentots, cloth-about enough for a coat Hereros, Hilldamas, Bastards, and a pair of trousers. These Every Sunday morning native townships and locations are invaded by all sorts of consecrated vehicles which discharge at the door of all sorts of edifices their loads of European workers. There has grown up among these people a delightful comradeship. The staff of one school includes a hospital sister, a lady journalist and a minister's wife.

they sew themselves without any question was raised about him. A Rival Congress help. It is surprising how well The problem centered around At the call of the Mayor of they get the suits to fit; it seems Jerusalem an opposition conthat there is a tradition handed the three Persian Christian gress of more than 1,000 deledown from generation to gene- boys. gates met in the King David ration as in the days of the Hotel as the general Moslem guilds. The school has two sew- "According to the examina- Conference was closing. This ing machines, which are at pres- opposition congress passed the ent running every minute that tion manual the examination in following resolutions: the boys are free. It is interest- the Koran and Shariat (Persian ing to watch new boys being To neg.otiate with the Moslem couninitiated into the mysteries of religious law) is only for Mo- tries to hold another general Moslem running a sewing machine and hammedans. What a Moham- congress independent of any Moslem kingdom. medan is is not defined. The three boys applied for entrance to the examinations and claimed exemption from the Koran and making a pair of pants that Shariat examinations inasmuch To safeguard Moslem holy places in won't split when they sit down. In the primary school, too, many as they were Christians. To Palestine and to restore to their orig- this, however, they received the inal sacred uses the shrines which prefer to take cloth instead of a reply, 'The department cannot the Mufti allegedly c.onverted to other purposes.

shirt and make something a lit- know Rezas and Hoseins and Ali To ask the Palestine Government tle more stylish than the 'dress' style shirt furnished by the Akbars as Christians for their to carry out the demands of the Pal- names are Moslem.' We were estine Arab delegation to London for school. I like to believe that told to correct the 'error' by the independence of this country and these boys will be able to furnish writing that we had made a mis- its protection from Zionist danger.

themselves wit h well-sewed. take and that they were not The School at Kermanshah Christian at all." The Industrial Farm School clothes when they get out."

WESTERN ASIA Moslem, Congress in Jerusalem and Orphanage at Kermanshah, Persia, will be self-supporting Arabic Bible for the Blind A Yiddish paper, The Day when it has added $5,000 more (December 14) says that the to its equipment. After five years' labor the Na- Zionist Movement and the Engtional Institute for the Blind lish Government were attacked A tract of over a thousand has completed the first edition of in the sharpest language at the acres of land with two large the Bible in Arabic Braille. The Mohammedan Congress, called work has been carried out under by the Grand Mufti of Palestine. plains of arable land and valleys the British and Foreign Bible having grazing for hundreds of Society, who will distribute the At the discussion concerning book to blind readers in Arabia, Mohammedan holy places and sheep and cattle has been se- Palestine, Egypt, and North the Wailing Wall, Said Bey Sa- Africa generally. The Arabic bet, delegate of Irak, said the cured. The children work on the edition occupies thirty-two vol- following: "If the Jews will farm. They are also trained in umes, as compared with the sev- keep on with their activities in carpentry, blacksmithing, maenty-four volumes of the Na- Palestine, we shall be forced to sonry, tin-smithing, b roo mtional Institute's Bible in Eng- treat them in a way which is making, s pin n i n g, weaving, lish Braille, but the size of the well known to them. We shall housekeeping, according as they volumes is larger and about allow the Jew only to sit in their double their thickness. To obvi- houses." are boys or girls. For spinning, ate language and other difficul- a wheel made in England, simple ties, an English lady living in The Congress adopted the fol- Jerusalem first transcribed in lowing resolutions: and easily reproduced, is being manuscript the whole Bible into Arabic Braille, and it was from 1. To establish a corporation of used; for weaving, the automatic her copy that the Institute's five million dollars for constructive hand-loom made by the Salvastaff worked on the metal plates purposes in Palestine, to counteract from which the book sheets the activities of Zionism. tion Army in India. Rotation of were printed. crops, proper fertilization, de- 2. To reject the findings of the What Is a Mohammedan? League of Nations with regard to struction of insect pests, refor- the Wailing Wall. estation of hills, elements of dry- farming are guiding principles 3. To protest to the League of Na- in the orphanage farm manage- tions the establishment of a Jewish National Horne in Palestine. ment. The human material which 4. Mohammedans must boycott J ew- ish products manufactured in Pales- comes to the school is pitiable enough. Good food, open-air life, R. L. Steiner, of Persia, tine. and Christian teaching trans- form them. In most cases weeks and sometimes months went by writes: "This year was the first 5. To make propaganda through- before smiles and laughter be- out the world for the independence of time that Christian boys from the Palestinian Mohammedans. came a habit. Some have become very capable so that unexpected the school had been sent up for 6. To make known to the whole the government examinations. Mohammedan world that Zionism is a obstacles and new situations One is an Armenian and so no catastrophe for Palestine. neither baffle nor confuse them.

-Sunday School Times.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Advance in Afghanistan experience to enable them to co- sincerely and fervently pray to operate with the missionaries in the Almighty through the med- Afghanistan is reported to be carrying on their work. Rev. ium of Lord Jesus Christ bemaking progress in moderniza- R. Buell Love, a missionary, loved Prophet of the Almightytion. At the recent celebration writes: (on whom be peace)-for the of the anniversary of Afghanis- recovery of their patients. This tan's independence, King Nadir "The men are organized into is the reason that their medi- Shah stressed the need of im- parties. On Saturdays and Sun- cines are efficacious and all their mediate internal improvement, days they go out to the village undertakings are crowned with and told of plans already under within a radius of five or six success. The entire staff of this way for a hospital, for "the en- miles of Saharanpur and preach hospital, from the highest to the couragement of local industries, to groups. lowest, are with one accord the and the attainment of internal followers of the religion and security." Current History re- "I am thinking of organizing creed of the holy prophet Lord ports a school of Arabian sci- an evangelical team of four of Jesus Christ- (on whom be ences opened for Moslem learned the best men the seminary has. peace)-Lord Jesus Christ was men; the institution of a Council The object of the team will be to an exalted and beloved prophet of Ulema, or learned men, to be go with me into distant villages of the Almighty in olden times, elected by the people; and the and to stay for two or three days of whom mention has been creation of a new system of at a time for intensive preach- made by the Almighty in the courts. There are at present not ing. The team will have one holy Koran. May God keep thee over 70 Europeans in the coun- good preacher, one musician, one prosperous in the world." try, principally in Kabul. The good athlete, and the other man present king is apparently avoid- will be assigned to some partic- (Signed) "Hashmat Ali." ing the mistakes of his predeces- ular duty. These evangelical sor, Aman-Allah, by honoring teams have been very successful The Burma Gospel Team the followers of Islam. The mes- in one or two other places, but sengers of Christ are still ex- this will be the first to be organ- The Rev. V. W. Dyer, of cluded. ized in our mission area." Burma, recently sent the follow- ing cablegram to the Baptist INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON Testimony from a Moslem Board: Religious Liberty The tribute of a Moslem pa- "Stanley Jones and Hodge, of tient to the work of a mission National Christian Council, call The Working Committee of hospital in India is given to the Burma Gospel Team three the India National Congress Chr()nicle of the London Mis- months South and West India. passed a resolution guaranteeing sionary Society by R. J. Ashton. Notify constituency. Ask special to minority communities the The composition was written in daily prayer for us and All-India "protection of their culture, lan- Hindustani, in flowing Persian revival." We are confident that guage, scripts, education, profes- script; appended was a transla- our people everywhere will pray sion and practice of religion and tion into English made by an- earnestly that God's blessing religious endowments." The other patient, from which quo- may be on Mr. Dyer and his Catholic Leader (M a d r a s) tations are made. He says: Gospel Team as they go forth raised the question whether the on their larger mission. elementary right to "convert "It is related that Lord Jesus was implied in the Congress con- Christ-(on whom be peace)- Methodist Diamond Jubilee ception of religious liberty." is still alive and that towards the end of the world, when Imam Seventy-five years ago, the Mr. George Joseph informed Mahdi-(on whom be peace)- Rev. William Butler, the first the Leader "that the freedom to will make his appearance, he missionary of the Methodist convert was deliberately omitted (Lord Jesus) will once more Episcopal Church, arrived in from the text of the Congress descend to the earth. Bareilly to begin Christian servresolution," though he had sug- ice to India. On December 7, gested that the resolution be "Is it any wonder then that 1856, the Rev. William Butler amended to include the words, there is such marvellous efficacy began that eventful period. "including the right of conver- in the medicines dealt out by sion." The proposed amendment men who are followers of such Dr. Butler and his wife had was rejected. In view of recent an exalted and beloved Prophet scarcely reached Bareilly (Dediscussions with and utterances of the Almighty, called Ruh Allah cember 7, 1856) and established of Mr. Gandhi this action is sig- (Spirit of God), reinforced as their home when the Sepoy Renificant. those medicines are by the bless- bellion broke loose. They and all ings of the Lord. There is a other whites were forced to flee IndUuns Co-operate special peculiarity in this hos- for their lives, finding refuge for pital which is not to be found weeks at Naini Tal. Dr. But- Students of the North India in other hospitals, and it is this, ler's library and goods at Bareil- United Theological College at that every day, before commenc- ly were destroyed, but when the Saharanpur are given practical ing work the entire staff, high rebellion was over he re-estab- and low, assemble together and lished the mission at Lucknow

and Bareilly, beginning with a were in the audience that every much more does his religion class of seven members in May, seat was occupied, and scores sat mean bread of life to feed his 1857. on the floor. They attend Bible soul. Since he became a Chris- classes with enthusiasm, conduct tian, he has brought with him to In 1860-four years after the their own discussion groups, and Sunday services one after anarrival in India of Dr. William are keenly interested in all ques- other of his employees, till Butler-there were only sixty- tions relating to the Bible." finally, he had the pleasure of seven members of the Methodist seeing five of them confess Episcopal Church in the land. A Young Woman's Service Christ and receive baptism at In 1875 there were 2,148 mem- one service. At his invitation bers; in 1887, 4,018 members; Evangelistic work in Hydera- the little group of workers goes by 1898, the number had grown bad, South India, is progressing. to this factory twice a month to 78,000; by 1905, to 110,000. "Since the beginning of the to hold services." Today the total membership of year," writes Charles Rutherthe Methodist Episcopal Church ford of Jangaon, "we have bap- Seed Sowing in Siam and Malaya in India is estimated at 350,000 tized more than 100 converts in persons, the largest Methodist this field. Two new villages have The Chinese Church in Bangmembership in any major divi- been opened, to one of which a kok has undertaken the responsision of the foreign mission field. young woman from our Bible bility for the extensive distribu- Training School in Nellore was tion of the Scriptures. The Task Not Finished assigned. She has a small school, workers regularly meet incom- which is being attended by chil- ing and outgoing steamers. The following paragraph is dren from the caste village, Canal and river boats, as well as quoted from a recent book pub- though her school is held in the business districts, have their dislished in Germany and dealing outcaste section. Recently twelve tribution. One energetic book with missions in India: people were baptized, mainly as dealer offers Bible portions to a result of the faithful and un- every customer, and his supply All the Protestant churches and tiring service of this young wom- needs constant refilling. Immigroups, .from the Anglicans to the Sal- an. The whole attitude and ap- grants, 500 to 2,000 each week, vation Army, are carrying on mis- pearance of the people have im- are visited by the colporteurs sions today in India, side by side with proved since the coming of Mar- during their one or two days' the Church of Rome. The outward tha. Other villages are clamor- detention for examination and success of this missionary work has, ing for teachers." registration at department headwe must admit, been small. Out of quarters. A rare opportunity the 320 millions of India, five mil- – Watchman-Examiner. for far-reaching results is in lions today are professing Christians. placing Scriptures in the. hands It is true that within the past thirty A Slogan for Burma of the 300 to 700 returning to years missions have made important China each week. numerical progress. Between 1901 Objections were raised at the and 1921 the figures of the baptized annual meeting of the Burma Gospel Preaching Prohibited rose rapidly from 2,660,000 to 4,750,- Christian Council against the 000. But these figures are deceptive. title adopted for the campaign: Straits Settlement is an aggre- The increase relates f,or the most part "Burma for Christ Movement." gation of diverse races, with to initial success in newly opened When this was first published Chi n e s e predominating. Misareas, while in the old mission fields some vernacular papers saw in it sionary work may be carried on a static condition has set in, which it an unfriendly mil ita n t cam- among all except the children of is often impossible to alter even by paign. Some felt that it was the land-the Malays. The nathe most intensive recruiting efforts. placed in juxta-position to the tives of the Straits Settlements In Ceylon there are exactly as many motto: "Burma for the Bur- and Federated Malay States are Christians today as there were 200 mans." However, the Council Mohammedans, and the British years ago. Even if numerical prog- felt that it is the spirit rather rules have agreed with the naress were to continue at the same than the name that will deter- tive rulers that the people shall pace as in the last thirty years, three mine the attitude of non-Chris- be protected from interference thousand years .of missionary work tians and it seemed best to re- with their faith. It is said that would be required in order to make tain it. only the Sultan and his house India a Christian land. are actually named, but in the SIAM-MALAYSIA outworking of the plan it has -Evangelical Christian. been found impracticable to es- A Siamese Christian tablish Christian work among Girl's Interest in Religion the people. "In this community," writes a Miss Ruth Cowdrey, who has Presbyterian missionary from A joint study of the situation had access to the students in col- Bangkok, "lives a Christian man should render possible an apleges and universities, serving -head man of one of the largest proach to governing powers with for ten years as general secre- establishments. He has taken a view to a relaxation of present tary of the Young Women's his Christianity as seriously as prohibitions. Christian Association in Mad- he takes his work. If his weavras, says: "The girls of India ing means rice to feed his body, are easy to approach on the subject of religion. They know no prejudices. A religious meeting invariably attracts great num~ bers. When Stanley Jones gave lectures in Madras so many girls

WORTH

Any boo~s mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-'The Review The Forest Hos}}ital at Lambarene. my readers far too much of the It was well to link up these be- By Albert Schweitzer. Translated by C. T. Campion, M. A. 191 pp. prose of Africa, but whatever ginnings with one great heroic $2.00. Holt & Co. New York. 1931. one gets drowned in fills the figure in the person of John The name of Albert Schweitz- mouth. Our life is so filled with Mason Peck. Here is a perfect er, famous as a great theologian this prose that I cannot but write type of home missionary; a fronand as interpreter of Bach, is at present before the public as a about it. Anyone who wants to tiersman who possesses the abil- Christian physician in West Equatorial Africa. do good under our African con- ity of adjusting himself to cir- Twenty-five years ago he ditions must fight any tendency cumstances as they pre sen t wrote "The Quest of the Histor- in himself to let his nerves and themselves; an organizer of Sunical Jesus," a book that aroused considerable criticism. Today he temper be upset by all the big day Schools, c h u r c h e s and a follows in the footsteps of his Master in lowly and heroic serv- and little difficulties of daily life, school of higher learning; indeice. "Through the spirit of Jesus I became conscious that a man and must retain his full joy in fatigable in labor, travel and can be called to a place without knowing exactly just why he has his work." preaching, and at the same time been called to it. Jesus is Lord, "It seems to me incomprehen- a leader of the people of his state our Lord. What is decisive is not the theories we are teaching sible that I am leaving the na- in all moral and righteous issues. about Him, but the obedience with which we are serving Him; tives for months. How fond of The story is so written that it Christianity without words. For years I have been preaching them one becomes, in spite of all cannot fail to quicken anew the about Christianity. But inwardly, I was longing to be practic- the trouble they give one! How fires of Baptist missionary zeal. ing Christianity silently. This I many beautiful traits of char- But for such Christians as are do now, or I try to do it." How Dr. Schweitzer is doing acter we can discover in them, not members of the Baptist fold it, this book tells. Far more in- if we refuse to let the many and this volume has also an intense teresting than the best fiction is this account of the voyage, the varied follies of the child of na- interest. The beginnings of the first months in Lambarene, West Africa, and the tragic experi- ture prevent us from looking for struggle against human slavery ences in the old hospital during 1925 and 1926, and in the new the man in him! How they dis- are portrayed. What more interhospital which was completed in 1927. One is tempted to quote close to us their real selves, if we esting story than that of the largely from a narrative that moves on like a symphony. have love and patience enough "Cantine Creek Baptized Church Pathos, tragedy, and humor follow in rapid succession, but be- to understand them!" of Christ, Friends to Humantween the line~ one can read far s. M. Z. ity," organized in 1809, whose more than is narrated. Vanguard of the Caravans. A Life- constitution denied "union and "And now I cannot help fear- Story of John Mason Peck. By Coe ing that my narrative has given Hayne. 157 pp. Illus. $1.00. Jud- communion with all persons son Press. Philadelphia. 1931. holding the doctrines of per- petual, involuntary, hereditary This volume is written in com- slavery." A. J. M.

memoration of the one hun- Perils in the Wilderness. By G. Find- dredth ann i v e r s a r y of The ley Andrews. Pamphlet 25 cents.

American Baptist Home Mission China Inland Mission. Philadelphia Society which had its birth in and Toronto. 1931.

New York April 27, 1832. All This vivid story of the experi- too frequently anniversary vol- ences of two missionary ladies, umes are stuffy, pretentious and Mrs. Hayward and Miss Gomer- suggestive of museum pieces. sal, in the midst of bandits gives The reader is due for a pleasant some idea of the present situa- surprise as he dips into this vital tion in disturbed parts of China. volume. With commendable skill We see also clearly the courage the author leads back into the and faith of the missionaries, stirring events in the midst of . the faithfulness of Mongolian which American Baptists laid friends and the reality of God's the foundation of their impres- care for His own. The ladies sive home missionary enterprise. were captured by bandits in N0- [127]

vember, 1930, in the dreary slave girls and unfortunates in New Books Mongolian desert and were later released. W hat happened on the Chinese communities in Cal- Chinatown Quest. Carol Green Wiltheir journey from Lanchow in son. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- Kansu; through Mongolia and ifornia. The story is naively and versity Press. Stanford. 1931. on to Peiping makes a stirring narrative. ingenuously told by a friend and Chaka: An Historical Romance. Thos. Mofolo. 198 pp. Oxford Univer- The End of Exterritoriality in China. it ends somewhat abruptly. The sity Press. London. 1931. By Thomas F. Millard. 8 vo. 278 pp. A. B. C Press. Shanghai. remarkable character of this The Challenge of Amazon's Indians. 1931. Mrs. Arthur F. Tylee. 92 pp. 75c. able and clever woman is left to Inland South American Missionary This work presents the condi- Union. New York. 1931. tions that attended the institu- be gathered by the reader. It tion of exterritoriality in China, "Charge That to My Account." D. A. and the reasons and methods of will be a dull reader that cannot Ironside. 123 pp. 75c. Bible Inthe Chi n e s e Government in stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago. bringing the system to an end. do this from the wealth of excit- 1931. With its termination, exterritoriality, except as it applies to ing incidents with which the Charles E. Cowman: Missionary-Wardiplomats and special ambassa- rior. Mrs. Chas. E. Cowman. 411 dors, probably will fall into dis- book is filled. It is a needed ac- pp. $1.50. Oriental Missionary Souse, as China is the last import- ciety. Los Angeles. 1931. ant country where it has been in count of a noble woman whose force. Chefoo: A Story of the China Inland unique work has been the re- Mission School at Chefoo. Stanley The author is a competent his- Houghton, Edith B. Harman, Martorian who has spent many years deeming of hundreds of Chinese garet Pyle. 82 pp. 2s'. China Inin China and has written several land Mission. London. 1931. books and many articles. He girls and their training for useserved as adviser to the former The Dawn Wind. Olive Wyon. 155 Peking Government from 1919 ful and happy and righteous pp. 2s., 6d. Student Christian to 1923, and was appointed ad- Movement Press. London. 1931. viser to the National Govern- womanhood. R. E. 'S. ment in t929. He believes that Gandhi: The Dawn of Indian Freethe passing of exterritoriality in Bells of India. By Ethel Cody Hig- dom. Jack C. Wilson and Venier China marks the end of an era ginbottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. Elwin. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. in the history of that country New York. 1931. New York. 1931. and the commencement of a new epoch. What this change means For over twenty years Mrs. God-The Eternal Torment of Man. to China and to the complex for- Higginbottom has lived within Marc Boegner. Translated from the eign interests that are involved the sound of India's many bells French by Morton Scott Enslin. 165 is indicated in this v 0 I u m e. and has listened with sympathet- pp. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. Eleven appendices add valuable ic heart to the more impelling documents and a bibliography. notes of the call of India's peo- God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- ple. As a missionary of Allaha- tions between Church and State. A. J. B. bad and the wife of a missiona- Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. New ry, the founder of the Allahabad York. 1931. Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Agricultural Institute, she has Wilson. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- often heard the sound of the sa- Good News. C. V. Sheatsley. 156 pp. versity Press, Stanford, Calif. 1931. cred cowbells and those which $1. The Book Concern. Columbus, are worn by the donkey, the ox- @hio. 1931. This book bears the sub-title en, the goat and the elephant. "The Life Adventures of Don- The bells of the temple have His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in aldina Cameron." The sub-title often clashed with those of the is faithfully descriptive. The mission school. The memories Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 Pl?· book is the story of one of the awakened by these bells and most devoted, courageous, mod- other associations have given Gift edition 40c, Art cover 25c. BIest and useful women in Amer- Mrs. Higginbottom the opportu- ble Institute Colportage Assn. Chiica. With no trumpets or avoid- nity to describe the various cus- cago. 1931. able publicity, with fearlessness toms of the people, the life on that has faced danger and death the farm, the lives of those asso- He'athen Rage. Gerald Stanley Lee. again and again, Miss Cameron ciated with the temples and 342 pp. $2.50. Smith. New York. has given a generation to the palaces and in contrast the free, 1931. rescue and education of Chinese satisfying life in the Christian schools. She has also given Curing the Incurable. Winifred Com- much of her time to the care of ber. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mission- lepers and untainted children ary Society. London. 1931. and reveals in her attractive stories the need for better medi- Jesus Came Preaching. George A. cal care and Christian guidance Buttrick. 239 pp. $2.50. Scrib- for these sufferers and their ners. New York. 1931. children. She indirectly appeals for some of the needs of the Al- Khama-King of the Bamangwato. lahabad Agricultural Institute. Julian Mockford. 322 pp. lOs., 6d. Anyone who takes Mrs. Higgin- Jonathan Cape. London. 1931. bottom as a guide will learn many interesting things about The Lutheran Hour. Walter A. Maier. the life and customs and needs 324 pp. $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. Louis. 1931. of India. The Missionary's Charm. K. M. Mac- Leod. 234 pp. 2s. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1931.

'Items Obituary Notes BOOKS

(Continued from 2d Cover) PRINTED .. .

The Rev. Francis Shunk Downs, D. The Rev. Rennie Maclnness, Bishop We offer a complete book- D.. a secretary of the Board of For- of the Church of England' in J erusa- making service at reasoneign Missions of the Presbyterian lem, died on December 24th, at Burgh- able rates. Write us your Cliurch, has been called to the First by-Sands, Carlisle,' England. Bishop needs. Church of Berkeley as the successor MacInness was 61 years of age, was ordained in 1896 and went to Cairo BOOK CRAFT GUILD of Rev. Dr. Lapsley A. McAfee. as a missionary three years later. 'In 509 Fifth Avenue 1914 he was consecrated Bishop in New York City * *' * Jerusalem, serving efficiently in this capacity for seventeen years. Munshi Ganeshi Lal The Rev. George W. Ric:hards, D. D., and Son president of the Theological Seminary *** of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 9 Drummond Road, Delhi, India at Lancaster, Pa., and former Mod- The Dr. William E. Witter, who erator of the General Synod of that went as a Baptist missionary to Dealers in denomination, has been elected chair- Assam in 1883, and who, after a sixman of the Executive Committee of year term there, served for 20 years Indian Curios, Jewelry and the Federal Council of the Churches as district secretary for the Baptist Photographs of Christ in America, a place for- Foreign Mission Society in the midmerly filled by Dr. Walter L. Lingle. western and New England sections of By Appointment to His Excellency the United States, died in Rochester, The Governor of United Provinces *** N. Y., Nov. 5. Following his secre- tarial service, Dr. Witter had re- write for prices or Henry Roe Cloud, a Winnebago In- t'.lrned to Assam for a seven year pe- Send j:or Sample 100 Rupee Box dian, president of the American In- rIod, b~t since 1922 he resided in dian Institute at Wichita, Kansas, has Rochester. of Interesting Curios been appointed to the staff of the They Make Wonderful Gifts Bureau of Indian Affairs in Wash- *** All goods carefully packed and shipped prepaid.• ington, D. C., as field secretary. He Dr. Joseph W. Cook died of typhus in Hamadan, Persia, on January 7, at Send payment by has been granted a year's leave of ab- the age of forty-eight. In 1912 he Postal or Express Order sence by the Presbyterian Board of went to Persia as a Presbyterian med- National Missions, under whose direc- ical missionary but after five years The COMMUNITY tion the Institute is. Mrs. Cloud will was .obliged to resign on 'account of CHURCHMAN continue at the Institute as super- his health. In 1929 Dr. Cook revisor of student work. turned to Persia. A journal interpreting various ef- forts in union, federated and com- *** *** munity churches toward community betterment. There are now over Bishop Motozo Akazawa, fourth William Sylvester Holt, formerly a two thousand such churches in P!esbyterian' missionary' in China, Americo, the most rapidly develop· Bishop of the Japan Methodist dIed recently at the age of eighty– ing religious movement in the three. At Soochow and Shanghai he country. The larger problems of Church, has been visiting in this coun- rendered valuable service for twelve American' Christianity and of years. Serious illness causing his re- world Christianity also receive try as a delegate to the recent Ecu- tUrn, he turned to work among the attention. menical Conference in Atlanta, Geor- Chinese on the Pacific Coast. The gia. , Chinese church in Portland is known SPECIAL CLUB OFFER as "Holt Chinese Church." The Missionary Review of the *** *** World……………… $2.50 Dr. Helen Kim returned in Novem- The Community Churchllk!ln .. , 1.00 ber to Korea after several years of Gaylord S. White, dean of Union graduate study in the United States. Theological Seminary, New York City, $3.50 She is the president of the Woman's died on December 6th. He was for Both for S2.75. Save 75 cenb. many years head worker at the Union Christian College at Seoul. settlement and had a wide knowledge THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN of the many problems in this field. Pork Ridse, III. *** His place will be difficult to fill.

Mrs. Dorr Diefendorf has been *** elected chairman of the Foreign Department of the Woman's Foreign Louise Bates Boomer, widow of Dr. Missionary Society of the Methodist William B. Boomer, who with her Church, taking the place of Mrs. husband gave thirty-seven years of Francis J. McConnell who had re- service to Chile, died September 22 at aigned. East Northfield, Mass. She sailed for Latin America in 1887, and in 1924 *** they were placed upon the roll of hon- orably retired missionaries. She as- Mias Harriet Halverstadt, the Amer- sisted her husband in the preparation ican missionary who was kidnapped of the Spanish hymnal. the latter part of December, was released by the bandits after a brief *** period of captivity. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago, one of *** the outstanding philanthropists of the world, died on January 6th at the age Elsie Schuyler, M. D.. wife of the of sixty-nine. While Mr. Rosenwald was a Hebrew, he gave largely to ReT. Burl T. Schuyler of Lahore, many Christian enterprises, including the Y. M. C. A. and Tuskegee Insti- India, was the recipient of the Kaiser- tute, and to countless other philani-Hind gold medal as an indication of thropies-for Jews, Negroes and oththe aJlPreciation of the government of ers in need of friendly help. His Majesty, King George V, in the eIalPanja~, for her medical work, espe- Citi~ In the leper asylum in Ambala

Christ Known to

The Goods News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China AI«iers Arabia Java Tunis Irak Sumatra Syria Persia South Africa India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems.

This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Dr. John H. Raven Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. J, M. Montgomery Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D.

Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th'St., New York City. Apply for information and literature to The Moslem W()'f'ld, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

WITH GOD IN PAPUA The work begun by Jdmes Chdlmers dnd Chdrles W. Abel continues. God is working by His Spirit in Pdpua today, transforming former cdnnibals into witnessing Christidns.

Would you like to hear more of the wonderful story? Write for d free copy of KWdto Mission Tidings.

New Guinea Evangelization SocietYI Inc.

HUGH It MONRO, President. J. H. RIGHTER, Secretory. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer.

156 Fifth Avenue, • • • New York City A Typical Papuan A Work of Faith and a Labor of Love

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1932

1932

THE The New Year Outlook MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL KENNETH S. LATOURETTE JOHN R. MOTT ON "THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS"

A REVIEW BY ARTHUR J. BROWN SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA JOHN A. MACKAY BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW H. C.TUCKER INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD HUGH R. MONRO THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS WILLIAM R. KING CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM SAMUEL M. ZWEMER PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN THOS. C. MOFFETT

to Remember January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUN- January 18-19-COVNCIL OF

CIL, ANNUAL <MEETING, Toronto, BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, December 30-January 3, 1932-STU- Canada. Ohio. DENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buf- ,falo, New York. January 9-11-FEDERATION OF WOM- January 24-CHILD LABoR DAY. AN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, February 4-IN~ATIONAL COUNCIL January 2-3-CoUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR ANNUAL MEETING, Bronxville, N. Y. HOME MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, Toronto, Canada. January 12-15 – FOREIGN MISSIONS Illinois. CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlantic City, New Jersey. February 12-WolW> DAY OF PRAYER.

July 25-31-WolW> SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: BISHOP LINTON, OF PERSIA, writes on present-ddY "Evengelism through School. in the Neer Ee.t". This will dwaken lively discussion, because of contrasting policies and methods now at work. Islam claims to have an Evangel, as Professor Frank Hugh Foster of Oberlin points out in an excellent article on "Mohemmed's Evengel" to the world of his day. Perhaps the most important contribution' in this issue is by the Orientelist Professor Duncan B. Mecdoneld of Hartford. It is a scientific study on the meaning of Ruh (Spirit) in Isldmic thought,_ term which needs eluciddtion. More popular are the articles on "Medicel Mission." by Dr. E. M. Dodd, formerly of Persiai on the "Sources of the Koren", by Dr. E. E. CalverleYi dnd on "Chine.e Moslem Chronology", by Isaac Mdson of Shanghai. Professor Richard Bell of Edinburgh, and Professor Nathaniel Schmidt of Cornell, contribute studies on "Men on the A'ref" clOd on "Ibn Kheldun's Prolegomene". A Turkish Professor discusses the meaning of the Hlnif referred to in the Koran.

SUBSCRIBE TODAY « « 156 Fifth Avenue Address THE MOSLEM WORLD New York City Single copies, SOc., Annual Subscription, $2.00i in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50.

MARSHALL. MORGAN .. SCOTT. 12 Patemoster Buildin… London In Grell BrItain. Eisht Shlllin… nel THE PRESBYTERIAN BANNER The COMMUNITY. CHURCHMAN A Relisious Journll 01 Todlv A joumol interpreting vorious ef. Estoblished 1814 JAMES H. SNOWDEN, Editor Published Weekly forts in union, federoted ond com· munity churches toword community THE BANNER is notobie in these things: betterment. There are now over 117 yeors of continuous service to the Church. two thousond such churches in A home Pdper of the 6nest chorocter, Siving to eoch member of the fomily something worthwhile America, the most ropldly developto reod in eoch issue. ing religious movt:me:nt in the: A national relisious Pdper. appealing to every port of our Church on the ground of its obillty, country. The lorger problems of foir-mindedness on~d l'!Yolty. Americon Chrlstionlty ond of EDITORIALS-Constructive ond helpful. world Christionity 01.0 receive. THE WORLD TODAY-Concise porogrophs on the principol current events of the doy. ottentlon. THE QUIET HOUR-Dr. Robert MocGowon, contributes 0 brief sermonic treotment of 0 text with a pro},er ond a poem, oil orlJJlnol with him. SPECIAL CLUB OFFER' . THE RADIO PULPIT-{)r. Hugh Thomson Kerrs Vesper Service Sermon broodcost over Th~ Missionary Review of the Stotion KDKA. World ……………… $2.50 NOTABLE ARTICLES-On Importont current subiects prepored by eminent writers, in every issue. The Community Churchman … 1.00 AI.o,-Sundoy School Lessons; Chrlstion Endeovor Topic Notes; Church News; Book Review.; etc.

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THE PRESBYTERIAN BANNER THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN 1007 Co….onw..lth BidS., New15Y6orFkiltCh ilAy.veN.: ' PIIIsb.,.h. Pc. Y. I'

Pork Ridge, III. .

Chat Vol. LV THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD No.1

DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor THE REVIEW comes to you at the beginning of a January, 1932 new New Year, in a new form. We hope you will FRONTISPIECE-Some Speakers at the Student Volunteer Conven- like it. The reasons for the change are many-chiefly tion ………………………………………………. . to save expenses in print- ing, while giving the same Page wealth of material and at- tractive illustrations. It is TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………. Editorials 3 the most popular size for magazines today. With God in the New Year ~ndia and Its Future We welcome this month Bright Spots in Dark Days The Manchurian Muddle a new member of our Edi- torial Family, Mrs. Estella The Incompleted Work Kagawa's Message to America S. Aitchison of Granville, Qhio, who will present at- MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL …………. 9 t r act i v e and "Effective By Prof. Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Ways of W 0 r kin g" to arouse missionary interest JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS. . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 in the home, the church and A recent book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown the school. Do not overlook these excellent plans. PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW yEAR ……………… 16 The World's Week of Prayer Topics Read the list of articles promised for coming issues SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………… 17 (page 8). Do not fail to By John A. Mackay, Litt.D. of Mexico City renew your subscriptionif it has expired-and en- THE BIBLE A CURE FOR DEPRESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20 list your friends as new By Robert E. Speer of New York subscribers. They will not regret it. BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW ………….. 21 By the Rev. H. C. Tucker, D.D. of Rio de Janeiro Our new printer, The Wm. B. Burford Printing INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE ……..•……. 25 Company of Indianapolis, By the Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain. Ph.D. formerly of India is giving us an attractive magazine typographically A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD ………………………. 28 and promises courteous and By Hugh R. Monro, President of the Montclair National Bank efficient service such as we have received from our re- THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 cent printers, The Evan- By the Rev. Wm. R. King, D.D., Secretary, Home Missions Council gelical Press of Harrisburg, Pa. CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM ……………………. 34 By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. of Princeton PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 By the Rev. Thomas C. Moffett of Philadelphia THE SPIRIT OF HOME MISSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 By Ezra Cox-The Christian Advocate EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 49 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC.

Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT WM. I. ,cHAMBERLAIN. Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS @ DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, S?cretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

SPEAKERS AT IRE STUDENf VOLUNTEER

REVIB_ ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1932 Topics of the Times WITH GOD IN THE NEW YEAR ous is it that the eternal Creator has revealed What a wonderful experience it would be to see Himself and His way of life to man and has ofthe present world situation from the viewpoint of fered to him the possibility of fellowship and God and eternity. How insignificant would seem partnership in the work of making God and His the petty financial worries of the movement. How way of life known to all mankind! What comtrivial would appear the international jealousies passion and patience must characterize the Divine and suspicions, the covetous contests for a little Mind and Heart as He sees finite man, with inpatch of earth in Europe or Asia; how foolish finite possibilities, absorbed in the insignificant would seem the racial conflicts in India and the things of earth rather than with great affairs of political strife in the Americas. the Heavenly Kingdom!

The infinite Ruler of the great universe, watch- Truly the love of God, which passes knowledge, ing these petty strifes and efforts of mankind, is the only explanation for the patience of God with human failure. While there is no such thing must experience something of the reaction that as depression with God due to economic distress, comes to a student of entomology watching the there must be a deeper sorrow as He views man's feverish strife of swarms of minute insects as spiritual poverty and a deep disappointment bethey hurry here and there, heaping up little piles cause of man's failure to use divine gifts for Servof earth .and straw and grain, quarrelling with ice in the divine partnership. For two thousand one another, competing for supremacy and organ- years the eternal God patiently sought to train a izing their forces for hostile conflicts. Their brief physically redeemed people to understand His span of life is occupied only with the earth! An nature and way of Life; and now for nearly two interesting but a pityful scene! thousand years He has patiently sought to encour- age a spiritually redeemed people to share their Almighty God planned and created not only the little ball we call the earth with all its wonderful resources; He created and rules the vast universe, knowledge and Life with their fellowmen of all in comparison with which man is less than a races. The work has grown, light has spread, the speck of dust. Must He not look with some such Life has been revealed, but how slowly.

interest and pity on the anxieties, the feverish The New Year dawns, with new opportunities activity, the covetousness and jealousies that and possibilities. Shall this new year be used characterize human society today? He who made more consistently and devotedly to stress the the universe knows no financial depression; He spiritual realities, to build up Godlike character, must have marvelous purposes for the universe to carry out His program, to use His gifts for and for his creature man; He offers something spiritual enrichment and to share with others in better than political preferment and material every land the wonderful blessings of revelation wealth; He who is omnipotent and eternal con- and Life of God that have come through Jesus siders events from a viewpoint other than that Christ?

of events of the passing moment. BRIGHT SPOTS IN DARK DAYS But the most marvelous and overwhelming con- ception is that the Almighty God who is Eternal When we look at the world as a whole, the Spirit has put into this insignificant creature progress of Christianity during the past year man, a spirit akin to His own spiritual nature seems to have· been slow and almost imper- so that man, the creature, can have fellowship ceptible. In America the liquor question is a with God, the Creator, and can grow in His real problem; the economic depression has thrown spiritual likeness and power! Still more marvel- millions out of work; human failure and un- [3]

Christian short-sighted methods have brought after an earthquake so in Mexico, Central and distress to coal miners in the South; banditry South America revolutions are followed by a and vice have made our cities breeding places period of quiet and often by new spiritual progof criminals; these and other evils have filled ress. In the midst of China's turmoil Christians the newspapers and have not commended the are quietly carrying on their ministry of love; national character abroad. In Europe jealousy and lives are being transformed; Japan and Korea and suspicion have characterized international are honeycombed with Christian life and service. relations; the financial disputes over reparations, In Africa, the Kingdom of God is coming in spite the conflict in Poland and Austria, the atheistic of all the obstacles of superstition and ignorance; communism in Russia, political unrest in Ger- many thousands are under Christian instruction many and Italy have continually threatened the and multitudes show transformed lives; men and world's peace. In Asia, a reign of terror has been women, filled with the spirit of Christ, are overthreatened in the agitation for self-government in coming the menace of social degradation. In India, temporarily in suspense awaiting the re- every land of Asia the spirit-filled missionaries sults of the Round Table Conference; the Burman are winning men and women, are founding rebellion has been subdued by British arms; civil churches and are training Christians to be amwar in China has been overshadowed by the dis- bassadors of Christ to their fellows. astrous floods and by banditry and the conflict between Chinese and Japanese in Manchuria; While in the large, the picture of world condi- Korea has been greatly disturbed by mob attacks tions gives cause ·for disappointment and distress, on Chinese residents; under-cover conflict is being when we see the Christlike lives that are lived in waged in Japan between political and military every land-even in Russia-and the Christlike forces for supreme control. In the South Seas the work at hundreds of thousands of c,enters in all agitation for independence has aroused the parts of the world, we thank God and take cour- Filipinos and Australia has been on the verge of age. More than ever today both the regeneration bankruptcy due to a prodigal labor government. of the individual and the reformation of society Latin America has been the scene of revolutions need to be stressed. and changes of rulers-in Cuba, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. The It is the purpose of THE REVIEW, during the earth has not been the scene of peace and good- coming year, to point out some of the neglected will during the year 1931. and needy areas, geographical and social, where the Gospel of Christ should be made known, and But if we have eyes to see and can look more to report encouraging signs of Christian progress minutely at the scenes of conflict we note many in every land and among all people, at home and signs of encouragement. Widespread philan- abroad. thropy has greatly lIelieved distress in China and Europe and America; the Round Table Confer- THE INCOMPLETED WORK ence in London has seriously sought a way of peace for India; the international courts and con- Not only has the work which Christ commisferences in Europe have diligently been working sioned His Church to do been imperfectly done in for disarmament, economic readjustment and a the transformation of individuals and of society, solution of the Manchurian problem. Peace or- but many areas are still almost untouched or unganizations are eagerly seeking to educate nations claimed for Him. to live as brothers and Church forces are promoting unity and cooperation among the followers In Japan, one of the best cultivated mission of Christ. Spain, after centuries of religious fields, the evangelization of the country seems bigotry, has become a republic and has proclaimed scarcely begun. Seventy-five per cent of the religious freedom. inhabitants are still Buddhists. All Christians together number only one-half of one per cent. But the real cause of hope and the assurance Large rural districts are still untouched and thouof victory comes from the quiet, effective work of sands of towns and villages are entirely without spiritual forces in all parts of the world. "The Christian preachers or teachers. Kingdom of God c;.omes not with observation" but the seed of life is planted and grows. In North In Korea, which is nominally occupied, there America, religious awakening has followed the are still sixty non-Christians to each Christian. financial depression, the effect being seen in churches and in colleges. In Latin America new In Formosa nine native tribes, with about life is evident in evangelical churches, and the 143,420 members in more than 700 villages, are next World's Sunday School convention is to meet without any permanent Christian work. in Brazil. As the crust of the earth settles down In China, which only a short time ago had almost 8,000 Protestant missionaries, there is so far one Christian among 1,000 inhabitants. Large racial groups of Tibetans, Mongols and other na- tives are entirely unreached by the Gospel. Almost

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

one-fourth of all China is not the field of any Russia and Central Asia are fields where the Chinese or foreign mission society. This field is greatest opposition is encountered by missionaries as large as the United States, excluding Alaska. today.

The unoccupied territory includes practically all Latin America and other nominally Christian of Mongolia, Sinkiang (East Turkestan), Kuku- lands have not yet been truly evangelized. Large nor, Chwanben, Tibet, and large parts of Man- areas are without a witness for Christ and among churia, YUnnan, Kansu, Kwangsi, and Kweichau. even educated classes, materialism and atheism Siam is occupied by one Protestant mission and are increasing.

there is only one Protestant communicant to every Noone can look over the world field and believe 1,000 inhabitants. In large districts there is not that the day has come to withdraw missionaries one Christian. In East Siam with 2,500,000 in- or to decrease their activity. The fruits of the habitants there is not one missionary. Thousands work are encouraging and the Christian Church of villages are unreached and yet the people are is growing and extending the sway of Christ in all very friendly and willing to listen to the Gospel. these lands. Until the work which the Risen Lord In British Malaysia there is little mission work gave His disciples to do has been completed there outside of a few cities. Most of the Malays are is a call for greater devotion, larger sacrifice, nominally Mohammedans. Sarawak, Brunei, Brit- more prayer and an increased number of faithful ish North Borneo are nearly untouched and every missionaries of the Gospel.

attempt to convert Mohammedan Malays in those regions is prohibited. Much of the Celebes and of INDIA AND ITS FUTURE New Guinea is also untouched. India, although one of the greatest mission The Round Table Conference in London has fields, has over 600,000 villages in which, so far proved a disappointment to the Indian Nationalas one knows, there is not one Christian. Nepal, ists and Mahatma Gandhi returns home with the Bhutan, Tibet and 500 "native states" are un- threat of another civil disobedience campaign. occupied and desire no Christian effort. Burma The British Government has, however, promised has more than 35,000 villages, but Christians are to promote an All India Federation which will found in only 2,333. Ceylon has nearly 10,000 embrace the independent states and the British villages without one Christian inhabitant and 450 Indian provinces. This seems the best solution of of them have a population of mor~than 500 each. India's governmental problems at present, but its In Mohammedan countries there are still 100 success depends largely on the cooperation of the million women and children not yet reached by Moslem population and the Indian National Conthe Gospel and an equal number of men and boys gress. The Round Table Conference is to be kept almost untouched. Afghanistan, with a popula- in existence in India through a small committee tion of 8,000,000 Mohammedans, is a country en- to which will be committed the task of forming a tirely closed to Christian missions. In Mesopota- federal constitution, determining the electorate mia (Iraq) there is one Protestant united mission arid planning Indian finance. Moslems and other at work. In Persia large stretches are not yet minorities are promised reasonable representation touched and in the south only a small part of the and protection. The Northwest Frontier Province country has any Christian work. Arabia has a and Sind, which are predominantly Moslem, will few isolated missions on its borders. The interior be made into separate "Governor's Provinces," with provincial self-government. Lord Sankey's is unreached. federal structures committee gives India a Fed- The 40,000,000 inhabitants of Asiatic Russia eral Constitution which provides for a central are without Gospel preaching. Only isolated Prot- Parliament of two houses. The upper house of estants ave found there. 200 members is to be chosen by Provincial legis- latures and the lower house of 300 members by In large sections of Turkey there are no Chris- direct popular vote on a populations basis. tian missionaries and in all Turkey, Christians are forbidden to influence minors. There is hope that Mahatma Gandhi will return to India with the purpose to cooperate in giving Who will say that no more missionaries are his people as large a measure of self-government needed? as possible. Until the various Indian elements are ready to work together there is not much hope Africa is still the Dark Continent with a million of peace and a successful self-government. The square miles of territory unevangelized and mil- British must in the meantime maintain control of the army and must decide foreign policies; they lions of Africans still in utter darkness or brought into harmful contact with godless Europeans. Here is still being waged the conflict between witchcraft, the False Prophet (Mohammed) and must for some time largely control the courts, the Christ. railroads and other public communications and

utilities; there must be cooperation in education great factor in Indian life and thought and He and social welfare. Liberty and justice must be offers the only solution of India's problems. guaranteed by the British until India is able to maintain them. In view of these great and varied problems it is interesting and illuminating to note the facts Mahatma Gandhi is a remarkable character, disclosed by the latest government census, which showing an unusual spirit of self-sacrifice and shows the total population of India to be 352,986,- idealism, but many of his economic, religious and 876, of which 181,921,914 are males and 171,064,- political ideas seem unpractical and inconsistent. 962 females, an increase of 10.6 per cent since While he has confessedly received most of his 1921. The population by religions shows that idealistic inspiration from Jesus Christ, he denies Hindus number 238,330,912, Moslems 77,743,928, His claims to universal supremacy. While claim- Sikhs 4,366,442, and Christians 5,961,794. During ing to be a pacifist, he creates strife. the last decade Christians show an increase of 32.6 per cent. Moslems increased 13.1 per cent, Lord Irwin, the recent Viceroy of India, in a while the Hindus increased only 10 per cent comspeech in London, made reference to Mr. Gandhi's pared with a rise of 10.6 per cent in the total inconsistent attitude towards missionary work, population. and testified to his own attitude as follows: Of the total Christian popUlation 3,968,623 are "People have been puzzled by some remarks in South India, including the Indian states of reported to have been made by Mr. Gandhi on the Travancore and Cochin (which have a Christian subject of the work of Christian missionaries. population of 1,958,811), Mysore and Hyderabad. From my knowledge of him, I can only say this: About three-fifths of the total Christian popula- It would require very strong proof to convince tion of India is in the south. The rates of increase one that he, who is one of the greatest social re- in Christians by provinces and Indian states, indiformers India has known, has failed to recognize cate that in the Hyderabad state (ruled by a Mosthat the real work of Christian missions is poles lem prince) there has been the largest increaseasunder from 'proselytising' as commonly under- nearly 150 per cent. This has been due to the stood. I am sure he knows, as we do, that the mass movement towards Christianity among the work springs only from the irresistible impUlse Hindu outcastes of this state. In Assam and in of men and women who, knowing themselves to Behar also there are notable increases due mostly possess a treasure beyond price, long to share it to the coming 'into the Christian Church of the with their fellows, and are impelled by the value aboriginal races of these regions. they attach to each human soul to spend themselves in lifting the fallen, ministering to the op- CHRISTIANS AND THE MANCHURIAN pressed, and bringing hope to those who have MUDDLE never before known its meaning. Truly, it is by the spirit of service that these men and women China and Japan are in a difficult situation. are inspired. Twenty-five years ago the problem would probably have been solved by Japan taking full possession "While I was Viceroy, I was able to see a good of Manchuria by force of arms. Meanwhile Eudeal of the work and to appreciate not only its rope and America would have looked on, perhaps moral and social results, but also the spirit in disapprovingly, but without protest. which it is conducted. Over and over again I saw the work among outcastes and lepers, among Today times have changed. What is one councriminal tribes and aboriginal dwellers in jungle try's business concerns all of the civilized world, tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the where international problems and relations are hills. I have seen men and women struggling to touched. The World Court, the Kellogg Pact, the translate the message of Christ into the practical League of Nations and treaties guaranteeing the language of everyday life, spending themselves to preservation of China's territorial integrity-all cause America and Europe to have something to bring Christianity to India. As a man, I value say when Japanese armed forces invade Chinese territory, kill Chinese, take over Chinese public such work as this. The missionaries are doing offices, telephone, telegraph, railways, arsenals, waterworks, radio and airplanes. work of incalculable value in India, and their most Japan disclaims all purpose of territorial agpowerful sermons are their own lives." grandizement and claims only a desire for the recognition of treaty rights. At the same time all The work of the Christian missionaries is most realize that Japan needs room to expand. She has a population of sixty-five million people residing important for the establishment of peace, right- in 152,000 square miles, an average of 400 to the eousness, brotherly love and goodwill among the Indian peoples. Already as a result of their work, the name of Christ is widely revered, whereas a half century ago He was either unknown or de- spised. Today He is becoming more and more a

square mile. Three-fourths of the land is unpro- Japanese were all militaristic. This is not true of ductive and there are few mineral resources. China or J ~pan or Germany or America or any Manchuria, on the other hand, has over double other intelligent nation. Japanese Christians have Japan's area and one-third the population. She expressed a desire for a peaceful solution of the has an abundance of timber, arable land and min- difficulty.

eral resources. The Chinese do not develop the Manchuria is very inadequately occupied by territory as effectively as Japan, who desires to Christian missions. Nine-tenths of the people are colonize and develop Manchuria. She wishes also Chinese, the other tenth being made up of Man- markets for her silk and other products on which chus, Mongols, Tungus tribes, Koreans, Japanese her prosperity depends. Chinese mobs and ban- and Russians. The principal mission work for the dits resent Japanese aggression and have at times Chinese is carried on by the Scotch Presbyteri- made life unpleasant for Japanese soldiers and ans, Irish Presbyterians and Danish missions.

residents in Manchuria. The Japanese military The British and Foreign Bible Society and the forces, which are directed by the Military Council Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. also are at work in and are not under control of the Japanese Diet, various centers, and Presbyterians and Methodists undertake to maintain order, keep control of the have missions among Koreans and Japanese colo- railway and impose terms of peace on China. A nists. The total number of Protestant mission- practical state of war results which threatens to arjes is 172, of whom 55 are Danish Lutherans, embroil Russia, Europe and Amer:ca. 44 are Irish Presbyterians, 61 are Scotch Presby- Japanese civil authorities favor peace, ,for they terians and 6 are Seventh-Day Adventists. They realize the disastrous results of a Chinese eco- labor in thirty-seven stations-including Mukden, nomic boycott against Japanese goods. It is most Chinchow, Harbin and Kirin. The Protestant important for Japan to cultivate the goodwill of Church membership numbers about 25,000 and other peoples in order to extend her markets. there are reported to be 60,000 Roman Catholics.

There is hope that clearer wisdom and the pres- Large portions of Manchuria, and almost all of sure brought on Japan by America and the League Mongolia, are still unoccupied by any Christian of Nations will effect a peaceful settlement. workers. "It is worthwhile to remember," says The influence of Christian sentiment in China W. C. Fairfield of the American Board, "that the and Japan is encouraging in the midst of this existence of these workers for peace in China and conflict. The federation of Chinese churches of Japan is the direct result of Christian missionary Peiping, the former capital of China, sent to the work. It is the strong belief of many that the National Christian Council of Japan the following only permanent foundation f<'r wol'ld peace is the telegram: spread of Christian goodwill and sympathy until "Whole Chinese nation greatly disturbed by it controls public opinion in every country. The present Manchurian situation. Chinese Christians foreign missionary societies are still the most appeal to Christians of Japan to make common effective agency to bring this about."

cause advocating with their respective govern- KAGAWA'S MESSAGE TO AMERICA ments peaceful means to settle Chinese-Japanese questions, preserving friendship between two Probably no Christian Japanese and few in any neighboring peoples." station in life are as widely known and as in- It is also reported that Madam Chiang Kai Shek fluential for good as js the Japanese Christian is holding daily groups in her home to pray for author, preacher, lecturer and social worker, Dr. China. As Rev. W. C. Fairfield remarks in The Toyohiko Kagawa, who has been in America lec- Congregationalist, "The truth is that the Chinese turing in various colleges and cities. The readers Christians are taking their Christianity more of THE REVIEW are already well acquainted with seriously than we ourselves would think of doing! his life and work, including his inauguration of Their criticism of missions is not that it goes too the Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, which far in imposing an alien faith on the Chinese, but aims to win a million souls to Christ and apply that in America it fails to go far enough into its the principles of Jesus to the social, economic and own implications, i. e., into the implications of a other phases of life in that empire.

universal religion, supreme, therefore, in the At a recent luncheon, given to Dr. Kagawa in moral and intellectual, as well as in the spiritual, New York and attended by leading representarealms." tives of national and international Christian or- The Chinese Christians have called on the Jap- ganizations, the guest of honor expressed his deep anese Christians to join them in efforts to find a conviction that now is the time of greatest crisis Christian solution and to maintain peace. The in the world. It is a time when, as in the days presence in Japan of a strong anti-military party when Christ was on earth, we are called to leave makes it incorrect to think or speak as if the all and follow Him if we would spread His King-

dom among men. We should be "gamblers for under Christian leadership has proved very suc- God," putting all we have and are on His altar cessful and has led Japanese farmers to look to and devoting all to His service. "Being a luke- God and to the Christian cooperation, rather than warm Christian is not interesting or profitable," to communism, for a solution of their problems. said Dr. Kagawa. He emphasized the fact that the Kingdom of God Mov,ement in Japan is based When Dr. Kagawa was asked what American on the teachings of Christ and on prayer. "Where Christians can do to help make this program efthere is true prayer the Church grows." We must fective, he replied: "The greatest need is for a take Christ and His program seriously and put revival of spiritual life in America. How can the His principles into practice if we would win the army at the front receive much help from a rebattle against communism and against atheism, serve army that is weak or asleep? I find in against sin and selfishness. America both the worst and the best; the lowest morality and the highest spirituality. America In Japan there are 70,000 Shinto priests and must purify and strengthen her own life. Why is about 200,000 Buddhist priests, while there are it that while the divorce rate in Japan has deonly 2,000 Christian preachers. In 800 Japanese creased from 40 per cent to 10 per cent, the dichurches there was an addition of only about 800 vorces in America have increased from 3 per cent new members last year. We need a revival in to 17 per cent? Why is it that there are more Japan. Through the Kingdom of God Movement murders in New York in one month than in all of some 50,000 converts have been won in the past England in a year?" Will American Christians four years. There is need for more preachers. acccept this challenge, and not only seek a revival The scholastic standing requil'ed by the theologi- of spiritual life in our own hearts and churches, cal seminaries in Japan is too high for the min- and an expunging of the blots on the 'scutcheon isters who would go out to preach the Gospel to of our own nation, but can we not also help this the millions of unreached Japanese farmers. Dr. devoted and valiant soldier of the Cross in Japan Kagawa proposes to train 5,000 Japanese lay to fight the battle for righteousness and to extend preachers for this purpose – giving them short- the Gospel of Christ among his countrymen? As term courses in Bible, in social service, in evangel- Dr. Kagawa remarked, "The missionaries of comism, and in farming and handicrafts. munism who come to Japan do not speak of them- selves as 'foreign missionaries' but as representa- There is great need for Christian teachers, and tives of 'The Third International.' The mission- aries of Christ are the representatives of the Dr. Kagawa proposes to establish itinerating 'Heavenly International' to all peoples. The time has come to drop the word 'foreign missions' and short-term Christian schools in country districts adopt the term World Missions. Advance the cause of Christ anywhere and we help to advance it to meet the present great need for Christian edu- everywhere."

cation among the peasants and industrial workers.

This is the best way to counteract irreligion, com- munism and social evils. Cooperative farming Up,.T0"Date Coming Articles tn the REVIEW Students Rallying for Foreign Service ……………………….. The Buffalo Convention Do Men Really Need Christ? …………………………………..Cleland B. McAfee The Future of Foreign Missions …………………………………..Robert E. Speer Are Home Missions Making Progress? ……………………………..William R. King The Religious Situation in Italy …………………………………….. W. H. Rainey Why Mission Boards Are Worthwhile ……………………. , ………. Arthur J. Brown Why Is Arabia Still Neglected? ……………………………….. Samuel M. Zwemer A Christian Among the Mormons…. '" …………………….. Andrew J. Montgomery Do Christ's Methods Apply Today? ……………………………… Sam Higginbottom World Friendship Books for Children ………………………………..Hazel V. Orton Successful Ways of Working ……………………………. " .. , ..Estella S. Aitchison

A PART OF THE GREAT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN DES MOINES TWELVE YEARS

Seven thousand students were present and five hundred from foreign mission fields. On the platform were seated as many delegates as attended the first Student Volunter Convention in Cleveland in 1891. Above the platform hung the Watchword of the Movement, "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." At the back was the map showing the mission fields into which over 8,000 Student Volunteers had gone in the thirty·three years of the Movement.

Modern Youth and the Missionary Appeal J:. By PROFESSOR KENNETH S. LATOURETTE I New Haven, Connecticut, Professor of Missions and Oriental History at Yale University; author of "History of Christian Missions in China"

T HOSE of us whose contacts with students and nurtured by one of our great denominations, go back twenty or thirty years have seen so far as the Christian Association knows, there on many campuses great changes in atti- is not one undergraduate who is planning to be a tude toward the appeal to life service as foreign foreign missionary. In another university with missionaries. There are quite a number of col- a somewhat similar missionary past, the man asleges and universities, which two or three decades signed to organize a delegation to the last ago had strong groups of Student Volunteers, quadrennial convention of the Student Volunteer where today there are no students preparing to be Movement could not find an undergraduate who missionaries. Among these are some which were was planning to be a missionary. He, himself, founded as Christian institutions, which still are deeply religious and conscientious and of outofficially such, and which have a long and honor- standing intellectual ability and the son of a man able history as sources of personnel for the for- who has given his life in notable service to miseign work of the Church. On one such campus, sions, had-and has-no intention of becoming a for instance, from which have gone forth in the missionary. past some of the most distinguished leaders of the missionary enterprise and which was founded These are not isolated or meaningless phe- nomena. They seem not to be instances of that [9]

temporary ebbing of missionary interest with wondering whether one religion is not about as which we have long been familiar on individual good as another and whether Christians have not campuses after the graduation of some earnest quite as much to learn from non-Christians as student who has been a contagious center of infor- non-Christians have to learn from Christians. mation and conviction. On at least one of the two Western Christianity is held to have obscured campuses instanced above are two older men in Christ and his teachings and a man like Gandhi, close touch with students, who have the confidence who makes no profession of being Christian, is of the Christian group. They are devoted to the declared to be more Christlike than most anmissionary enterprise and seek to enlist others in nounced Christians. There is a feeling, too, that it, but have been powerless to stem the tide. The the day of the foreign missionary is past, and that waning of interest, moreover, has been chiefly in the younger churches are now able to carry on certain types of institutions-those supported by without foreign assistance other than financial. the state, and the older more heavily endowed colleges and universities, most of the latter pro- Not all of these factors operate on anyone infessedly Christian-usually of high repute for dividual or on every campus, but they are all to scholarship and social standing. be found somewhere in our academic life. The crux of the situation is the many and rapid The decline cannot be ascribed to any single changes induced by our machine and scientific age cause. It is due partly to the prevailing climate which are revolutionizing all life. Those who are of opinion of many of our campuses. Criticism of older and have watched some of these changes religion in and out of the classroom, and secular- come are often bewildered and set adrift from istic attitudes toward life are dominant in a large their accustomed moorings. We must not be surnumber of our institutions and make difficult any prised if those who are younger and who are interest in missions. Then, too, there is wide- hurried into our kaleidoscopic age grow up unspread ignorance of missions, even in Christian certain, unable to give themselves to the old with student groups. This is probably greater than it conviction, and having nothing new to which to was two decades ago, although it was dense tie. enough then. Twenty or twenty-five years ago in student Christian summer conferences a period But the contrast between half a generation ago each day was usually assigned to mission study and now must not be exaggerated. We are prone and appeals for missions were heard regularly to view the past through rose-hued glasses and to from the platform. Today mission study has look backward for some golden age. Except on dropped out of practically all, if not all, such a very few campuses, and intermittently even gatherings. Addresses on missions may still be there, missions have never been a consuming inheard from the platform, but slighting remarks terest of more than a small minority of students. about them from speakers are also not unknown. The majority of their fellows have always re- garded prospective missionaries as a little ec- Moreover, student idealism tends to be diverted centric and perhaps even mildly demented. It is into other channels. Two decades ago it was a rare institution in which the ignorance about widely felt in student Christian circles that the missions has ever been anything but colossaL highest form of consecration was the dedication Even though the prevailing atmosphere is less of one's life to foreign missions. The foreign favorable today than it was a quarter of a century missionary enterprise was regarded as the best ago, it was not then particularly conducive to medium through which to express that idealism commitment to missionary service. which fortunately is characteristic of many of our youth. Today student idealism seeks to rid the Moreover, and fortunately, colleges, univerworld of war, to solve race conflicts, and to dis- sities, and theological schools still exist where the cover an escape from some of our industrial ills. environment is favorable to missions. From them More often than not, moreover, this idealism does students continue to offer themselves for service not think of Christian missions as a means toward abroad. They may be declared by the pessimist to the attainment of these goals. be survivors of an older era, the last remnants of rapidly crumbling bulwarks against the new age. A smaller factor, but still important, is the de- This, however, cannot be said of all of them, for clining incomes of the boards and the consequent among them are some of the most progressive and failure to appoint some individuals whom the highly esteemed schools in the land. Students campus has known. The impression thus gets are, moreover, offering themselves today with abroad that more missionaries are not really as devoted a spirit as they ever have – even though in smaller numbers. There are indications needed. that the tide may have begun to turn. Reports of Then again, widespread uncertainty exists as an increasing serious interest in religion come from British universities, and may be the foreto the need for missions. Even strong Christian leaders, both graduate and undergraduate, are

MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL

On the Program of the Coming Student Volunteer Convention MILTON T. STAUFFER, D.D. THOMAS JESSE JONES, Ph.D., Minister of the Reformed Church LL.D., Educational director of the Phelps Stokes Fund; in in America and Lecturer on 1920-21, chairman of the Edu- Missions and Non-Christian Re- cational Commission to West, ligions in the New Brunswick South and Equatorial Africa, in (N. J.) Seminary; formerly mis- 1924 to East Africa; author of sionary in China; editor of "The "Education in Africa," "Four Christian Occupation of China"; Essentials of Education," "Es- for six years Educational Secre- sentials of Civilization," and other volumes. tary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, SAMUEL G. INMAN, LL.D., Ph.D., Professor of Missions and Secretary of the Committee on Oriental History, Yale Univer- Cooperation in Latin America; sity; formerly on the faculty of sometime lecturer in the Uni- Yale-in-China; author of "The versity of Chile, Northwestern Development of China," "His- University, and Columbia Unitory of Christian Missions in versity; author of "Trailing the China," and other books. Conquistadores" and other books on Latin American problems. ALDEN H . CLARK, D.D., For- eign Secretary of the Congrega- DANIEL J. FLEMING, Ph.D., tional Board of Foreign Mis- Professor of Missions at Union sions; for twenty-six years a Seminary; formerly of Forman missionary in India, where he Christian College, Lahore, India; founded the Nagpada Neigbor- author of "Contacts with Non- hood House, Bombay, and was Christian Cultures," "Whither moderator of the Council of In- Bound in Missions," "Marks of dian Churches of West India; a World Christian." author of "India on the March."

RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, P. H. J. LERRIGO, D.D., M.D., D.D., Corresponding Secretary Home Secretary and Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- for the Belgian Congo of the sions of the Methodist Episcopal American Baptist Foreign Mis- Church; formerly secretary of sion Society; medical missionary the Missionary Education Move- in Alaska for two years and in ment; author of "The World Service of the Methodist Epis- the Philippine Islands for eleven copal Church." years; author of "Rock Break- ers," "God's Dynamite."

WALTER JUDD, M.D., for six WILLIAM McE. MILLER, mis- years medical missionary of the sionary to Persia for ten years; American Board at Shaowu, China, one of the most disturbed in student work with the Inter- areas of Fukien Province; trav- national Committee of the Y. eling secretary of the Student M. C. A. for two years; member Volunteer Movement, 1924-5 and of the traveling staff of the Student Volunteer Movement, 1931. 1931-32.

KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD, WILBUR B. SMITH, Senior Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. LL.D., Counsellor on Rural in Egypt and Palestine; for six Work of the International Mis- years Candidate Secretary of sionary Council; formerly president of the Massachusetts Agri- the Student Volunteer Movecultural College, of Michigan ment; for five years a secretary State College, and of the World of the Y. M. C. A. in India. Agricultural Society; author of "The Christian in Rural India,"

"The Rural Mission of the Church in Eastern Asia."

STUDENTS OF YESTERDAY WHO ARE MISSIONARY LEADERS TODAY

runner of what is to happen in America. Those tion," which had such compelling power upon stuwho have recently traveled a good deal through dents of twenty-five or thirty years ago, has been the colleges in the interest of missions report allowed quietly to slip into the background. We greater openmindedness and less disillusioned speak rather of trying to meet some of the social sophistication than they found four or five years and economic problems of our day which must ago. be at least partially solved if civilization is to go on. Many of us have a conviction that the pro- The number of new student volunteers has in- gram of the missionary enterprise must be radicreased, as compared with four or five years ago. cally readj usted to meet the rapidly changing Those of us who have been present at some of the challenges of our day-that if it is to endure and conferences for outgoing missionaries, held dur- serve the present age it must not perpetuate all ing the past few years, have been impressed with of the program of an older generation. the commendable quality of the new appointees. It is probably impossible to compare accurately Beneath all these changes in the form of the the average ability of the recent appointees of the appeal and in the organization and program of major boards with those of a few decades since, missions there are motives and objectives which but some of us have the impression that it is, if abide. In more than one group of outgoing misanything, somewhat higher than it was. Cer- sionaries, with which some of us have met in these tainly it seems to be higher than it was in the later years, the emphasis upon the need of peryears just after the World War when large num- sonal transformation through the Gospel of Christ bers were sent abroad, financed by the wave of has been quite as great as it was two or three post bellum giving. At least some of the boards decades ago. Altered though many of the misare today unusually careful in making appoint- sionary methods and machinery may need to be, ments and are more strict than ever in their ap- and different though the conditions under which plication of a wide range of tests given to ap- missionaries work undoubtedly are, the basic conplicants. victions which send young people out into the enterprise have remained constant. There is a In some respects the form in which the appeal profound sense of the world's need and of the for missionary service is made today differs radi- power of the Gospel of Christ to meet that need. cally from that of twenty or thirty years ago. There is, too, the belief that any social renova- Then students were often told that as missionaries tion must come through reborn individuals. We they would be leaders, possibly holding positions may not hear quite so much of such terms as sin, of prominence in helping bewildered peoples repentance, faith, and regeneration, but the facts through the revolutionary transition into the back of these terms are still prominent in the world of Occidental culture. It was an age of consciousness of the outgoing missionary. It is Western imperialism, in which idealism spoke in significant that addresses on the Cross of Christ terms of "the white man's burden"-of serving are making a profound appeal to some of our most "backward" peoples with the conviction that they modern-minded American youth, and that here were "lesser breeds" who for an indefinitely long and there groups of students are trying by earnest period would be incapable of self-government. practice to discover for themselves the resources Today, after the humiliation of the Great War and of prayer. the rising tides of nationalism in the East, the white man is more humble and in missionary Is this, after all, anything but what we should circles we talk of cooperation with younger churches, we say to the prospective missionary expect? As Christians we believe that the Spirit that he must rid himself of any remnants of a superiority complex, must keep himself in the of God is still at work in the world, that He still background, and must seek to be great by being servant of all. We are a bit sensitive, too, about convinces men of sin and of righteousness, and using military terms which may seem to imply that missions are a form of imperialism, and such that the Gospel of Christ remains the power of phrases as "the Christian Occupation" or the "Conquest of the Cross" are not in good odor. God unto salvation to everyone who believes.

Rightly or wrongly, moreover, the watchword Centuries ago Paul told the Corinthian Christians "the evangelization of the world in this genera- that changes would be ever with us-old knowl- edge and old conditions giving place to new-but that faith, hope, and love are abiding needs and realities. He spoke as truly for our age as for his own.

The primary interest of the Christian college is in persons rather than in subjects or things. Its fundamental aim is the development and encouragement of the personality of tJ:te student.

-PROFESSOR LUTHER WEIGEL.

Present Day Summons*

A New Call to Service-By John R. Matt I I '.::l[ A Review by the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D. D. ]t:.. Author of "The Foreign Missionary" ~================================~ I N his latest volume on the present world situa- sure that the readers of the REVIEW will be in- tion Dr. Mott deals with a crisis. Perhaps the word has been rather overdone, but no other terested in the foIIowing statements by Dr. Mott: so adequately expresses the situation that con- "The past twenty years have witnessed incomfronts the Christian people of this generation. That situation is certainly a crisis to them. No parably greater changes in the world than any other living man has a wider background of knowledge and experience in dealing with it than other period of like extent. The same is true of Dr. Mott. He occupies a unique position of influence in the Christian world. He has been one the world mission of Christianity itself, whether of the leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions for forty years. In one has in view its field of concern, its complexity, 1895, he organized the World's Student Christian Federation and for twenty-five years was its Gen- its pace, or its governing motives or objectives. eral Secretary, and then its Chairman. He was for a long period Secretary of the Foreign Depart- These changes and present-day trends, if we but ment of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A., and General Secretary of its National grasp their implications, present an irresistible Council. He was Chairman of the two greatest summons to the Christian forces of both Occident missionary conferences of the twentieth century- and Orient. . . . It is evident that the period The World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh on which we have entered is to be the most exactin 1910, and the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. ing in its demands because of the forces which op- He has traveled more widely in the mission field pose us, the many grave and emergent issues than any other man, and has probably a wider which demand attention, and, above all, the fact acquaintance with Christian leaders, both at home that there are so many more Christians now living and abroad. In all these varied positions he has displayed the ability and wisdom of a true Chris- than ever before who have awakened to the heroic tian statesman. implications of the Christian Gospel. . The publication of his "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christianity" is "World-wide trends and outlook compare favortherefore an important event. The basis of the ably with those I have found at any time since the volume is the lectures that he delivered on the Cole Foundation in 1931 at Vanderbilt Univer- beginning of my first-hand observations in 1895. sity, but he has added considerable material. In a series of suggestive chapters he discusses World I do not overlook certain adverse facts which Trends, The Summons of Rural Life, The Summons of Industry, The Summons of Race, The would seem to contradict this contention. For Summons to Share, The Summons to Serve, The Summons to Cooperate, The Summons of the Liv- example, we cannot ignore the existence and graving Message, The Summons to the Home Base, and The Leadership for this Momentous Day. An ity of the misunderstandings among nations. It extensive bibliography and a fuII index add to the value of the book. It is not easy to make a selec- would be difficult to name a country which, judged tion from such a wealth of material, but we feel by words and actions, understands its neighbors • "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christialnity", near and far.

By John R. Mott, LL.D.. 325 pp. $2.50. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Grounds for Optimism Tennessee, 1931. "If adverse facts like these can be given, the question may well be raised: How can the posi- tion be maintained that on the whole the inter- national outlook now is more reassuring than it was, for example, two and three decades ago? I would venture to support the statement by a few facts. In the first place, there are today twenty voices and pens speaking and writing to foster right understanding between nations and to pro- mote good wiII and cooperation among them where there was one such voice or pen thus engaged twenty or thirty years ago. This is in itself a most potential .fact. It means that through the influence of men who do much to affect thought and action, the attitudes and practices of peoples which might formerly have been characterized as [13 ]

passive or as drifting can now be spoken of as at- Christian schools only; now the majority are in titudes and practices of taking initiative and ac- government secular schools. They also cepting responsibility for bringing about larger study abroad. Just now the number in the United understanding and cooperation. The light is now States from Japan, China, the Philippines, Korea, being turned upon situations, practices, and prob- India, and Turkey is 550. Noone can estimate lems which might otherwise have been the occa- the influence of each one of these as she returns to sion of serious misunderstanding, bitterness, and her native land. We might make the attempt by strife. thinking of each one as one thousand. Mrs. Her- "Another ground for optimism regarding the man Liu comments in a suggestive way on the re- international outlook is the fact that all over the sults of study abroad: 'It is very interesting to world there is coming forward a new generation notice that returned girl students from who expect to devote themselves to ushering in a America usually become doctors, social workers.

new day in respect to furthering good will and A great many of them marry and become better constructive cooperation among the peoples of all home-makers. Returned girl students from Eng- lands. In countries like China and Japan they land are practically all teachers and usually stay are rapidly rising into the ascendant. Within two single; from France they are usually "free in decades, probably less, a sufficient number of them their thinking"; while from Russia they are revo- will be in positions of major importance to deter- lutionists, and, nay, Communists, too!'

mine the policy and practice of the nations. . . . Tendencies in Education The great internationalism is the world mission of Christianity. The tens of thousands of mis- "In the realm of education we witness develop- sionaries, as ambassadors, interpreters, and medi- ments, emphases, and tendencies of great signifi- ators, are doing more than any other one factor cance. Within the past two or three decades there to throw out strands of understanding friendship has been throughout Asia and in parts of Africa and unselfish collaboration between the peoples of and the Pacific island world a great multiplication Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand. of universities, colleges, and schools under: govern- and those of Europe, North America, and Aus- ment or other secular control. In these areas, as tralasia on the other. in the West, the increase in enrollment of students "The most notable social trend of our day is the has been enormous. Whereas formerly the at- world-wide awakening and uprising of women. tendance upon these institutions was drawn large- The changes which have been wrought in their ly from more favored groups, it is becoming in- social status and outlook during the past thirty creasingly democratic. More and more the em- years make a difference not of decades but of cen- phasis is being laid upon the purely secular or ma- turies. Still greater changes are now in progress. terialistic. This is seen in the curricula, in the No one can foretell what the next two decades expenditure on equipment, and in the general in- will witness. The world over, education fluence on the studying youth.

has been the key which has unlocked the door to "Thus we find advancing by leaps and bounds higher life and greater opportunity for women. vast secular systems of education with limitless The most significant fact is that women governmental resources and authority at their everywhere owe their present enlarged opportuni- back. At the best their attitude toward religion ties to only one of the founders of the great reli- is neutral. In practical effect, however, it is more gious systems. This is naturally more evident in often anti-religious. The net influence all over those lands where other religious systems still hold the non-Christian world is to develop indifference sway, where life is not so complex, and, therefore, toward all religion. This tendency is strengthened where the lives of women as affected by these sys- by the aggressive propaganda of anti-religious tems are as yet an open book. The gen- movements. The result is that the tradi- eral trend has been upward and outward and on- tional beliefs of vast numbers of students in the ward, and since the Great War the acceleration is lands of the non-Christian religions have been ever more rapid. undermined; and in many nominally Christian "Every period of transition has its dangers, but countries, such as those of Latin America, South- the present is heavy-laden with them. When old eastern and Eastern Europe, and Western Asia, religions and social sanctions are going or gone the students have become, as the Germans says, and no others equally binding are being substitut- konfessionslos-that is, without religious affilia- ed, there must be confusion and human wreckage. tion. One cannot without alarm contemplate this Almost too quickly are these women breaking out trend. What could be more serious than a leader- from seclusion and oppression and restraints into ship for the generation of tomorrow without the the swift currents of this modern age. In early anchoring, guiding, and uplifting power of reason- days, girls were sheltered as well as educated in able and vital religious faith?

JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS

"Happily, by the side of many of these non- because the religious forces are so numerous and varied and are manifesting such widely different Christian systems of education, the world mission aspects. The impression which one today receives from face-to-face contacts with the non-Christian of Christianity has established its own educational religions is that of gradual disintegration. Un- der the influence of modern science, secular civilwork. If the cause of Christian educa- ization, and historical criticism, as well as of the world mission of Christianity, these systems of tion is to triumph in the face of this grave situa- faith are losing their hold as sources of vital en- ergy and as practical regulative influences on life. tion, it must concentrate on the qualitative, as con- This is particularly true of the educated classes.

trasted with the quantitative, aspect of its pro- "Notwithstanding any handicaps which the world mission of Christianity may suffer because gram. It cannot hope in the matter of numbers of divisions between or within the great Christian communions, the overmastering fact is that the to keep pace with the government and other purely influence of Jesus Christ was never so widespread, so penetrating, and so transforming as it is today. secular institutions, but in the realm of character It is impossible to furnish accurate figures, but it is probably a conservative estimate, based on such building-the development of the entire personal- returns as are available, to say that fully twenty millions of men and women in non-Christian areas ity-it can, if it will, not only excel but also make of Asia and Africa are now looking to Christ for guidance, for redemption, and for power infinitely an indispensable spiritual contribution which no greater than human, where there were less than two millions looking Christward thirty years ago. government or other secular agency can supply. If this be true, it is a stupendous fact. Moreover, the Christward movement is gathering The supreme advantage of Christian education is momentum from decade to decade. Quite as sig- nificant as Christ's conquest of individual lives is that it seeks to counteract the destructive effects His ever-widening sway over whole areas of life and of human relationships. There are multiplyof the purely intellectual approach by providing ing signs on every continent of the quickening of the social conscience. One might almost maintain education for the whole life. To this end, while that Jesus Christ creates the social conscience. Be that as it may, of one thing we are certain: the Christian educational movement must pre~ that where He is best known and obeyed there we find conscience most sensitive and responsive. It serve and strengthen its position of respect and is highly significant that more and more in the lands of the non-Christian religions Christ is beinfluence in point of the thoroughness, up-to-date- ing recognized as the last court of appeal in morals. 'He stands before men as plainly greater ness, and truly progressive character of its intel- than Western civilization, greater than the Chris- tianity that the world has come to know.' " lectual leadership and processes, it must with con- viction make its major contribution in the sphere of religious education. Its chief and constant con- cern must be its product in character and spirit.

This involves paying great prices. It must turn a deaf ear at times to alluring appeals to concern itself chiefly with large numbers. Rather let it deliberately and resolutely center on developing only so many institutions as can be maintained with the highest Christian efficiency. This prin- ciple, in turn, involves preserving at all costs an adequate staff-adequate in contagious Christian conviction and character. Central in all their thinking, planning, contacts, and service will be the influencing of the motives, the springs of ideal- ism, the action of the will through laying secure through bases of faith and through exposure to the Ever-Living and Ever-Creative God as re- vealed in Jesus Christ.

"It is impossible to characterize in any adequate general terms the religious trends and outlook, If the simple, straight, thoroughgoing religion of Jesus Christ could be given free course all through the life and work of each Christian, we should see this world emerging from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. We must believe that Jesus knew what He was talking about and meant what He said. We must care supremely about His way, and very little about anything else. What would happen if the whole Church of Jesus Christ should put aside its man-made rituals and creeds and should give itself over to one thing-the finding and following of the way of life which Jesus teaches? This is a hard and anxious time. The world is losing faith in its other gods. The spirit of science is more humble; big business is less sure of itself; the world is lonely and afraid. It is a great day in which to be a Christian.

THE REV. WILLIAM P. MERRILL, D.D.

PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW YEAR REASONS FOR THANKSGIVING AND PRAISE The eternal Good News that Christ brought to men to show the way out of troubles and sin and into right relations with God and our fellow men.

The more than twenty thousand ambassadors of Christ who are working amid diffi- culties in the non-Christian lands.

The many thousands of Christians who are working as missionaries in the home mission fields of Europe and America.

The faithful Christians in every land and of every race who are proving by their characters and lives the power of Christ to transform character and equip for life.

The Christian stewards in the home lands who are earnestly promoting the work of Christ by their prayers, their sacrificial gi fts and their service – in the home, in the Church, in business and in society.

The Christian Churches and other organizations that are working to make known Christ and His message, to lead children and youth in the way of Life, to educate, to enlist for service, to help the weak and the suffering-under the direction of the Divine Saviour.

The widespread Christian spirit of brotherhood that leads men to relieve suffering, to bring economic relief, to promote social justice and international and interracial good- will among men.

The signs of spiritual awakening in America in individuals, in colleges and in churches; for the revivals in Korea and India, in the Philippines and Papua, in Africa and Persia; for the great forward movements in Japan and China and Burma.

SUBJECTS FOR SPECIAL PRAYER The special Week of Prayer, January 3rd to 9th, in all churches. Never was this more needed. The financial depression, suffering, widespread unrest and prevailing sin, call for prayers of faith. The following topics are recommended by the Federal Council of Churches for the Week of Prayer, under the general subject: "Preparing the Way for the Living God": Sunday, January 3-A Deepening of the Consciousness of God. Proverbs 29:18; John 14 :6.

Monday, January 4-Faith in and Loyalty to a Conquering Christ. Ephesians 3 :14-21.

Tuesday, January 5-The Leadership of the Holy Spirit. Acts 1 :1-8; John 16 :7-14. Wednesday, January 6-International Goodwill and Cooperation. Isaiah 2 :15; Micah 4:4-7. Thursday, January 7-The Protection of the Home and of Youth. Deut. 6 :1-9; 2 Timothy 2 :1-16. Friday, January 8-The World in a Day of Depression. Luke 4:18-19; Matt. 25 :31-46. Saturday, January 9-A World-Wide Spiritual Revival. Habakkuk 3 :2.

More than ever this year, in a period of depression, when countless men are disheartened and fear- ful, our churches are summoned to united prayer and intercession in order that the awakened sense of our inexhaustible resources in God may inspire the faith and hope and love which the world so sorely needs.

These suggestions for prayer, selected and prepared by the Commission on Evangelism, are sub- mitted to pastors and people everywhere, in the hope that the prayers of many may ascend to the Lord as the prayer of one man.

It is to be remembered that not only in America, but in many other lands, as a result of the circu- lation of a similar call for prayer by the World's Evangelical Alliance, this same period will be observed as a time of prayer.

Thomas Carlyle said, "Prayer is and remains the native and deepest impulse of the soul of man." These times of distress and strain should drive Christians everywhere to the place of prayer and make them more dependent upon God. A revival of prayer in the churches of America will go a long way toward helping us to meet the deepest ills of the present day.

Let us begin the New Year in prayer; then, with ever-increasing faith as the weeks go by, we may end it with a great shout of Christian triumph.

NeV Trends in

America .. :Jl By JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt. D. J!: ..

Mexico City, Young Men's Christian Association I N his book the "Epic of Artigas" the Uruguayan cible in a way which has not happened for gen- poet, Zorilla de San Martin, describes the An- erations and so becomes a challenge to all the dean region of South America as a "rosary of creative Christian forces which can be brought to craters in eruption." Having in view recent hap- bear on the life of these nations.

penings throughout· the Latin-American world, The Cordoba Student Movement this descriptive phrase might very well be applied to political conditions not only on the Pacific sea- In 1918 a revolutionary movement broke out boa r d but throughout the among the students of the old whole area. At least fifteen of Argentine University of Cor- the twenty republics w h i c h Latin America has been called doba which will doubtless ac- compose the Latin American a "rosary of craters in erup- quire increasing significance group of nations have been tion." Few people realize the in the life of Latin America. convulsed by revolutionary The students rose in revolt movements in the course of great significance of these re- against the traditional univerthe last year or two, and cent revolutionary movements sity regime. They launched a others are not without inter- in fifteen republics. They rep- Manifesto to the "free men nal rumblings. resent a change in ideals and of South America." This are a challenge to creative Manifesto is a symbolic docu- To a superficial observer Christian forces. As Dr. ment; it represents the advent these countries might appear Mackay clearly shows, the of a class consciousness in the to be hopelessly committed to new generation of South revolutions as a pol i tic a I student revolts show a new American youth. Formerly method. A knowing and sym- class consciousness. There· is youth had been no more than pathetic student of the situa- a colorful biological episode tion is aware, however, that a religious awakening and a in the life history of men. It r e c e n t revolutionary move- new "Spanish Christ" is pro- claimed – a living Christ in contrast to the eternal babe or a dead Christ. Read what Dr. Mackay says of the evi- ments have had very special dences of the evangelistic now became sculptured into causes and that in a number movement as "an increasing a social class. of cases they represented a de- force." This m 0 v e men t spread cided break with former po- through most of the univer- litical ideology, in spite of the sity centres of the Continent.

violent method employed to give expression to the At first it represented no more than a reaction new ideals. The fact is that in the political life against the University regime, but in the course of Latin America principles begin to take the of time it took on a distinctly social, and later place traditionally occupied by "caudillos." There a political color. University students, members of is a decided trend towards the impersonaIisation a class which traditionally had been uninterested of politics. These countries have undoubtedly be- in labor and in the problems of the proletariat, fore them a long and b~tter period of storm and suddenly discovered a burning social passion in stress, but no one is entitled to be cynical or skep- many parts of the Continent. This was specially tical regarding their future. true in such countries as Chile, Peru and Mexico, On the other hand, the present situation is one where the labor problem was most acute.

in which thought and life have gone into the cru- The Peruvian movement was the most interest- [ 17]

ing and dynamic. Under the leadership of Haya do for the economic and spiritual emancipation de la Torre, a young man of old colonial blood, the what the last battle of the Revolutionary War did students and labor organizations of the Peruvian for political freedom. Religion, as a purifying capital formed a united front of manual and intel- and creative force, will be treated with sympathy, lectual workers. They organized a People's Uni- but clericalism and parasitic religion will be comversity to which they gave the name of Gonzalez batted as it has been in Spain. Prada, the famous Peruvian radical of the previous generation. His dictum: "Age to the grave; This whole trend sets a new task for the misyouth to the task" formed the battle cry of the sionary forces interested in Latin America. If new movement. Every evening classes were held they are to have a real future in these countries for working men and women in some part of the and are to make a genuine spiritual contribution city or surrounding districts. An ethical passion to them, they must see to it that in the domain of inspired the pedagogical task. A multitude of politics and economics the countries from which workers received a new vision of life and of hu- they come shall deal with Latin Americans in acman dignity. Some industrial districts became cordance with Christian principles. If not, then wholly transformed; the Indians of the Sierra be- the day may conceivably arrive when, in utter desgan to send delegates to Lima to plead that some- peration, these Latin countries will follow Russia thing similar be done for them. However, a dicta- and exclude every kind of spiritual influence emtorial government which was keeping a watchful anating from lands which they regard as their eye upon the movement realized that student lead- oppressors. ers were obtaining too much power. Suddenly the latter were exiled and the movement was smashed. The New Status of Religion Banished to different parts of Europe and the A few years ago a distinguished Argentine Americas those students clung tog e the r in writer, Juan B. Teran, described South America thought. Their brilliant and indefatigable leader as the most, irreligious part of the world. He sketched a new organization called the Popular meant to say that in spite of the prevalence of Revolutionary Alliance of America. In 1924 he traditional religious forms, true religion as a entered Russia as a communist at the special invi- fountain of inspiration for conduct and the transtation of the Soviet Government. He saw every- formation of life practically did not exist. While thing and left Russia, as he said, "cured of Com- admitting to a large extent the truth of this inmunism forever." New influences began to play dictment one is bound to say that in recent years upon his life. Studies in Ruskin College, Oxford, religion has been set in a new perspective by in the London School of Economics and in Berlin; thinking people, while abundant evidence exists close contact with British and continental social- that religious preocccupation of a very real kind ists; enthusiasm for the Chinese Kuo-ming-tang; is making its presence felt in Latin American a profound study of the economic and sociolog- society at large. Nowadays the so called "intelical situation of Latin American countries, led lectual" can have religious interests and lead a re- Haya de la Torre to dream of an anti-imperialistic ligious life without it being thought, as would league formed by Latin American lands. In this have been the case a few years ago, that he had way a new political ideology came to the birth sacrificed all claim to be considered intellectually which is as genuinely South American as the ex- respectable. pression of Fascism is Italian and that of Communism is Russian. One striking index of the rising tide of religious interest is the popularity of semi-religious sects The significant thing about all this is that at and societies which have made their appearance the last Peruvian election Haya de la Torre and on the Continent. Theosophy in particular has his new party, in spite of their very radical pro- been making very great progress, especially in the gram, and the fact that the party was a completely more cultured section of society. Less than three new one and their leader had been back to the years ago the President of the Theosophical Socountry for only a few months before the elections ciety, a Hindu and a doctor of philosophy of the took place, came very near winning at the polling University of Cambridge, made a triumphal lecbooths. Sooner or later this party will come into ture tour around South America. Garbed in Oripower and with it another era will break in South ental attire and lecturing in faultless Spanish, he American politics. One of the major issues which filled the largest theatres and university audiwill be tackled by the Cordoba generation, and un- toriums in the centres which he visited, expounddoubtedly on a continental scale, will be the prob- ing the principles of Theosophy and addressing lem of Latin America's economic independence. himself on each occasion to the elite. A new Ayacucho is being dreamed of which will Theosophy makes a many sided appeal at the present time. Its orientalism proves extraordi-

SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA

narily attractive in countries where everything The Other Spanish Christ Eastern has come to be surrounded by a rosy nim- The student of Spanish Catholicism is aware bus. The fact that Stanley Jones knew India and that a double religious tradition has been running Gandhi gave him a drawing card in South Amer- through the religious life of Spain and the counica. Theosophy also appeals because it offers an tries of Latin America. One tradition has been architectonic world view and inculcates methods symbolised by the typically Spanish Christ, a dead of concentration which help in daily life. figure who is never regarded by the popular re- ligious consciousness as anything save the immor- One of the most interesting institutions in Mex- talization of death. This Christ has never said ico City is a new organization called the Uni- anything to living men. When an ordinary Argenversal Institute of the Impersonal Life. A few tine citizen of today wishes to express the thought years ago a booklet, issued by one of the many that somebody or other has sub-human qualities or original sects in the United States, fell into the is a "poor devil," he says "He is a poor Christ 1" hands of an employee of the Post Office Department in the Mexican capital. He became attracted The other tradition centres around the Christ by it, was converted to its tenets, and translated of the great Spanish mystics of the sixteenth cenit into Spanish. The little volume became the tury; the Christ of St. John of the Cross, of Santa basis of a new indigenous sect which, in the course Teresa and St. Luis de Leon; the Christ of the of a few years, has made thousands of converts in great Spanish reformers, the Valdez brothers, Mexico City and the provinces. The organ of this Juan Perez and Cipriano de Valera; the Christ of group is called Dios: una Revista Filos6fica (God, the eminent Spanish Christian writer, Don Miguel a Philosophic Review). de Unamuno. For all these Christ is the living one who was dead. The new attitude towards religion in university circles is demonstrated by the fact that in the course of the last few years several Christian lec- "The Lord walks among the kitchen pots," said turers have given courses on religion, or distinctly Santa Teresa, writing to the inmates of one of religious addresses in a number of universities in the religious houses she had founded, encouraging Latin America. One thinks in particular of courses them by these words to realise that they could given on the Philosophy of Religion in the univer- have their Lord's presence amid the most menial sities of La Plata, Argentina, and Lima, Peru, by tasks.

Don Julio Navarro Monzo, an Argentine journalist "Christ lives in the fields" said Fray Luis de and writer, who, for a number of years has been Leon focusing religion in the open air and on the lecturing on Christianity throughout the Conti- world's highways.

nent under the auspices of the Young Men's Chris- "Christ is Jesus" and "Jesus means health" said tian Association. A few months ago Dr. George the same writer in a great book "The Names of P. Howard, who represents a number of mission Christ" which he wrote during a five years im- boards in a cooperative evangelistic effort in South prisonment in a dungeon of the Inquisition in Val- America, lectured on Christianity in the Univer- ladolid. He had been confined there for having sity of La Paz. The present writer can bear testi- translated part of the Scriptures into Spanish mony to the fact that students and faculty groups prose. By saying that Christ is "Jesus" Fray Luis throughout the continent are willing to give a meant that true Christianity is spiritual health most attentive and enthusiastic hearing to anyone introduced into the soul by the presence and power who is able to present to them the fundamental of Christ.

truths of religion in relation to the problems of In our own day Don Miguel de Unamuno, the modern life and thought. All this is entirely new restorer and successor of the Spanish mystic tra- in the Latin American world and has taken place dition, finds in the famous painting "The Christ"

within the last few years. of Velasquez the true Christian significance of Recent happenings in Spain are bound to have Jesus Christ. Influenced by the thought of Blaise a far reaching influence not only upon political but Pascal, who said that Christ has not ceased to also upon the religious life of Latin America. The agonize in the souls of His people for the redemp- prestige of the Roman Catholic Church, as an in- tion of the world, Unamuno maintains that "The stitution bound up historically and organically Christ" of Velasquez represents the eternal truth with the Spanish state and the Spanish spirit, has of Christianity, Christ never ceases to carry on been shattered. The way is now open, as it has an agonizing struggle in the lives of His followers.

never been before in the history of Spain and His- In this conception the soul and its Lord, life and panic countries, for a revaluation of the reform religion, are indissolubly bound together.

movement in the sixteenth century, and for a These great souls are beginning to speak afresh serious consideration of the question as to whether to the Spanish world. It is gradually being borne the Iberian race did not lose its way religiously. in on the minds of thoughtful Spaniards and Latin

Americans that there is another Christ in the re- City the ordination of the first Mexican bishop of ligious tradition of their race. A first striking the National Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1931 recognition of the fact that the Christ of popular a suffragan bishop was ordained to guide the faith does not represent the Christian Christ takes destinies of the National Protestant Episcopal the form of a notable book entitled "The Invisible Church in the country. Christ." It was written four years ago by one of the leading literary men of Latin America, Dr. The development of the evangelical movement Ricardo Rojas, ex-rector of the University of in Brazil is little less than extraordinary. This Buenos Aires. In the course of an analysis of the great republic has now within its borders nearly Image, the Word and the Spirit of Christ, Rojas one million evangelical Christians, including the repudiates the "poor Christ" of popular tradition. families of church members. The new Federation He proclaims himself a denominationally unat- of Evangelical Schools is the largest organization tached Christian, but one for whose life and of private schools in the Republic. The young thought Christ means everything. The publication evangelical churches now support a Brazilian Misof this book marks a new era in the attitude of sionary Society to Portugal and another to the Latin American intellectuals towards Christ. Indians of the interior. It was the recognition of the real indigenous character of the evangelical The Evangelical Movement movement in Latin America which led the Inter- national Missionary Council at its enlarged meet- Little space is left in which to express one's ap- ing in .Jerusalem in 1928 to invite these countries praisal of the evangelical movement on the Latin to become represented on the Council by three full American Continent. Evangelical Christianity is members. becoming an increasingly potent spiritual force and in a number of countries it has now become a When one considers the growing potency of the national indigenous movement. new evangelical youth movement in the River- Plate republics of Argentina and Uruguay, the This is particularly true in Mexico and Brazil. ability, ideals and enthusiasm of their members, The new religious laws in Mexico obliged the evan- there seems to be no limit to what may be expected gelical churches to a thoroughgoing nationaliza- of the evangelical movement in Latin America in tion which has been most beneficial for their the years ahead. spiritual life. In 1930 there took place in Mexico The Bible, a Cure for Depression By Robert E. Speer When the days are dark, men need its light.

When the times are hard, men need its comfort.

When the outlook is discouraging, men need its confidence.

When despair is abroad, men need its word of hope.

There are luxuries that may well be spared. There are even necessities that can be cur- tailed. But the Bible, indispensable at all times, is still more indispensable in times like these today.

The Bible is not a book of political maxims or of economic theories. It is not a book of maxims or theories at all. It is a book of living principles. Its spirit is the spirit of brotherli- ness and goodwill. It is a summons to helpfulness: "Bear ye one another's burdens." It is a summons also to self-respecting independence: "Let every man bear his own burden." It teaches charity, but also justice. It calls us to the giving and serving which the strong owe to the weak, and those who have to those who lack; but it also strikes straight and clear at the moral defects in individuals which are responsible for a large part of the poverty and suffering of the world; and also at the moral and economic defects in society, in business relations, and in the distribution of the common resources of the world, which are responsible for the re- maining part.

Christ is the only hope of individuals and of society. And the Bible is the only book which tells His story. It alone preserves His words, which are spirit and life. It alone records His deeds by which He saved the world, and would save it now if we would obey Hint The best thing men can do is to spread the Bible and to get it read and obeyed. This would be the end of hard times, of poverty, of unemployment, of injustice, of wrong, of war.

A VIEW OF THE SHIPPING IN RIO DE JANEIRO HARBOR FORTY-FIVE YEARS

Brazil-Yesterday ,Today and TomorroV ..~I I Bv the REV. H. C. TUCKER, D. D. I'c. . Rio de Janeiro Agent of the American Bible Society r ~~~============================~ W HEN I first went to South America in standards were generally of a low order. Social 1886 Brazil was an empire with a popula- custom made the home largely a place of seclusion and woman's position one of retirement. An en- tion of about 14,000,000, of whom a mil- lightened free press existed in only a limited delion and a half were slaves of African origin. The gree. The supply of wholesome, instructive literofficial census four years later, reported that ature dealing with social, moral and religious racially 6,200,000 were whites, 2,000,000 blacks, problems was very meager. 1,200,000 Indians and 4,600,000 mixed. Educational facilities were provided chiefly for sons of Along the coast the cities and towns were poorly an aristocracy of wealth; fifteen per cent of the built and badly kept; the streets were narrow, population had acquired some education and the roughly paved and dimly lighted. Comparatively teaching force was largely clerical. Roman Ca- little attention was given to hygiene and health tholicism was the state religion, though a degree measures; sewerage systems, if they existed, were of religious liberty was guaranteed by law. The mostly of a primitive type, and the water supply census showe!i 13,851,500 Roman Catholics, only was often very inadequate. Yellow fever, small- 20,000 Evangelical Protestants, and 120,000 of pox and other diseases were prevalent and dis·· other sects; 7,000 claimed to have no religious astrous epidemics were frequent. Malaria, tuberbeliefs. culosis, venereal diseases, and leprosy were wide- spread through the country, and there was ap- Forty-five years ago Brazil was practically parently little thought or effort to control or without the Bible. Religious instruction was con- exterminate these evils. Hospitals were poorly fined to the Roman Catholic Catechism, the oral equipped and accommodations were limited. traditions of the Church and the observance of There were no professionally trained nurses. The rites and ceremonies were perfunctorily performed in Latin. Prevailing moral ideals and [21 ]

AN A VENUE IN RIO AS IT IS TODAY enhance her popularity and give security to her position. The measure quickened interest in ideas rate of infant mortality was very high. Organ- of freedom and liberty. ized play and athletics were unknown. A military uprising in November, 1889, over- In those days industries were few, life was threw the monarchy, it banished the Imperial chiefly rural; agriculture was the principle occu- family to Europe and established a dictatorship. pation, and was carried on with primitive meth- There was no organized resistance to the sentence ods, and without equipment and transportation of banishment. The Emperor quietly submitted facilities except by the pack-mule and ox-cart. and on the night of his embarkation he called a There were few factories; only a few railroads servant and had him fill a little sack with earth ran from coast cities short distances into the in- from the garden, saying: "When I die in Europe terior without cross-country connections. There I wish my head to rest on Brazilian soil, for they were no modern port improvements in any of the will never let my body be buried here." many harbors along Brazil's three thousand miles of coast. In the St. Vincent Church, Lisbon, in 1913, I saw the former emperor's embalmed body with The Imperial Government had diplomatic and the head resting on that pillow of Brazilian earth. consular representatives in some foreign countries Later the sentence of banishment was revoked and and a few Brazilians occasionally traveled abroad, the bodies of the Emporer and Empress were rebut the nation did not figure largely in interna- moved to Brazil. tional affairs, or in scientific and other world conferences. The military dictatorship, dominated by August Comte's philosophy of Positivism, issued a series W,hat of Today? of liberal decrees of far-reaching influence. These decrees included the complete separation of The first great social and economical change in Church and State, establishment of civil marriage Brazil was the freeing of a million and a half of as being the only legal marriage, the secularizaslaves by Imperial decree signed in May, 1888, by tion of the cemeteries; the substitution of lay for the Princess Isabel, who was then on the throne clerical teaching in the schools and the swing from temporarily in the absence of her father, Don languages to mathematics as the basis of the edu- Pedro II, who was in Europe. He was growing cational program. old and the daughter was heiress to the throne. Abolitionists persuaded her that this stroke would A constituent assembly was also convoked to organize a constitution and the Assembly adopted the Constitution of the United States of America, with a few slight changes, and the political and civic machinery for the Republic was inaugurated.

These social and political changes were followed by others of far-reaching influence in the indus- trial and economic order. These included largely the gradual introduction of modern machinery and office appliances-such as the typewriter, electricity, automobiles, wireless telegraphy, mov- ing pictures, radio, aeroplanes, etc. Many new products for home consumption and exportation have been added to gold, diamonds, hard woods, coffee and rubber. Cotton mills have increased fiftyfold since 1886 and many factories have been established. Railroads and telegraph lines have been extended, and extensive city and town im- provement schemes have been carried Olit together with the development of harbors and methods for handling shipping and freight.

Brazil has also become increasingly interested in world affairs and in more recent years has been worthily represented in scientific, economic, in- dustrial and cultural congresses. Her representa- tives at the Hague, in the League of Nations and at other international and world conferences, have made real contributions to these gatherings.

The abolition of slavery, the overthrow of the

BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

monarchy, and the establishment of a republic, tional responsibility have developed. Brazil has and the promulgation of liberal decrees have in- begun to make a more scientific survey of her cited the Brazilian mind to work on new in- tribution she will be called upon to make to human tellectual and social problems. Personal liberty, welfare in the development of these resources. the right of the individual to think for himself, and greater freedom for the press have liberalized Along with the new ideas and imported devices thought and stimulated research. Popular edu- have come some dangerous influences. One has cation has been extended and improved technical been the development of a disastrous materialism. and professional courses have been provided. The Rapid industrial and economic expansion has population has increased from fourteen to nearly given rise to extravagance and waste; huge debts forty-two millions, while literacy has grown from have accumulated, and the credit of the country has been seriously damaged.

A SCENE IN A PUBLIC SQUARE IN RIO FORTY·FIVE YEARS AGO fifteen to twenty-five per cent. The cry heard on These changes have also affected social customs. every hand today is for the education of the natural resources and to evaluate the possible conmasses. Women now go about the streets of the cities un- accompanied and hundreds are employed in stores Interest has also been awakened in the large and offices. A real feminist movement is making Indian population of the interior. The Federal rapid headway. Problems of health and hygiene Government and religious organizations are en- are being studied and dealt with efficiently. Nurse deavoring to educate, elevate and christianize training courses are sending well equipped young these red brothers of the forests. Colored freed- Brazilian women as professionals into hospitals men and their offspring enjoy equal privileges and private homes. Interest in organized play for with the whites, and it is claimed that no color children, games and athletics introduced by the line is drawn. These conditions have brought Protestant missions are spreading everywhere. about a number of interesting social, racial and ethnological problems which students and sociolo- Moral ideals and religious thought and life also gists have begun to study. show marked change. The Brazilian mind was shocked to find that by a stroke of the pen the in- A national consciousness and sense of interna-

fallible and all-powerful Church could be set aside from the original Hebrew and Greek and the inand the Roman Catholic Church has had to adjust creasing circulation of the Scriptures have proherself to the new conditions. The necessity for voked the Roman Catholic Hierarchy to provide self-support has caused an increasing activity the New Testaments in Portuguese with notes and during these recent years. comments of the Church fathers.

Protestant missionary work has increased and Evangelical missionaries have also done valuits influence has become a recognized factor of able pioneer work in efforts to exterminate yellow growing importance in the intellectual, social, fever, combat the spread of tuberculosis, venereal" moral and religious life of the nation. Its edu- diseases and leprosy, in promoting health and cational work creates interest in helpful literature hygiene, the care of the teeth, proper feeding and directed play for children and other features of social welfare. Close contacts have been estab- lished with public authorities and a comprehen- sive interpretation has been given to the Gospel message and its social implications in human life.

In what direction do these changes, movements and activities point? God only knows, but we may base reasonable hopes on experience and observa- tion. Brazil may easily become the home of a happy, prosperous population of a hundred and fifty millions by the end of the present century, and there will still be room for more. Over one million uncivilized Indians will be absorbed by the amalgamation process and in a few centuries there may develop a homogeneous race made up MODERN SHIPPING IN RIO HARBOR for all ages and stations in life. Evangelism and AN AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY COLPORTEUR AT WORK the preparation of a native evangelical ministry have been rewarded with encouraging success. of the Portuguese, Indian, ' African, German, The communicant membership of the 20,000 has Italian, Japanese and other elements now minincreased to more than 135,000 among native gling freely together. It is quite certain that the Brazilians. The Sunday School enrollment has traits of the white races will predominate as at grown from a few hundred to more than 121,000 present. Brazil will become more and more the and a number of self-supporting, self-governing greatest laboratory in the world for the student churches, with Brazilian pastors, have been built of ethnology, eugenics and sociology. up. Including immigrant and foreign residents there are more than 300,000 Evangelicals. It is Natural resources will be developed and the estimated that, including children, more than one nation will become increasingly industrial, though in forty of the population are adherents of Pro- she will continue predominantly agricultural. testant Christianity. Popular education for the masses will bring higher intellectual and social levels if secularism The Coming World's Convention is counteracted by spiritual forces and the mes- sage of God's revelation. There is great hope for The progress of evangelism and Christian edu- the triumph of the living Christ in the hearts of cation has justified the Worlds Sunday School As- the nation. sociation in accepting an invitation to hold the Eleventh World Convention at Rio in July, 1932.

Popularizing the reading of the Bible has been one of the chief factors in this Evangelical movement. Two great Bible societies, the British and Foreign and the American, and their representatives, with the cordial cooperation of missionaries and national workers, have increased the annual circulation of Scriptures from 15,000 forty-five years ago to about 400,000. Publicity given to the work of translating the Bible into Portuguese

and the Round Table

~'I By the REV. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph. 11:'. N ew York Secretary Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America A FEW months ago a writer in the New India. Dr. Durant speaks contemptuously of the York Times Book Review brought under distinguished Indians who attended the first review three recent books presenting Round Table Conference at London, apparently three contrasting views of the tangled Indian because they did not include the Irreconcilables, question. They were Romain Rolland's "Prophets whom he seems to favor. of the New India," Will Durant's "The Case for India" and Edward Thompson's "Reconstructing It is with a feeling of solid satisfaction that one India." takes up the book of Professor Thompson, who really knows modern India and is eminently fair These three books belong to strongly contrast- minded. He admits serious faults of British rule. ing types because they come from different levels At the same time, he does full justice to the many of the mind. The first book is inspired by re- Indian reformers and advocates of progress. He ligious emotion, with enthusiasm which might sees both sides and is fair to both. He is a besometimes be more persuasive if it were more liever in Dominion Status for India and holds measured. The second book is inspired by po- high hopes of the Round Table Conference. litical emotion to such a degree that the author appears to see only one side of every question Lord Macaulay, who was a member of the Vicewhere India is conoerned. The third stands roy's Council in India in the third decade of the apart. The author really knows India from resi- last century, made this significant statement in dence in that country and participation in its in- the House of Commons in 1833: "It may be that, tellectual life. He writes with accurate care and having become instructed in European knowledge, is scrupulously fair to all parties. they may in some future age demand European institutions. Whether such a day will come I Romain Rolland undertook a difficult task and know not. Whenever it comes, it will be the carried it out with scholarly patience, but with a proudest day in English history." certain lack of the sense of measure. He has made far more available than before a mass of The Round Table Conferences held in London well documented material regarding the life and at the close of 1930 and of 1931 would seem to be activity of a group of remarkable men, distin- of the nature of a fulfillment of this prophetic guished for the breadth, as well as the depth, of utterance of the great historian. They have their thought. As to the manner of his present- opened new epochs in the history both of India ing Ram Mohun Roy and Keshub Chunder Sen, herself and of the relations between India and one has nothing but praise; but when he comes Great Britain. For the first time considerable to Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, one feels that delegations of Indians, representing all races and his emotions get the better of his judgment. religions and classes in India, have sat around a table with a delegation representing all parties of Dr. Durant's book is inspired by political emo- both Houses of the British Parliament to discuss, tion. One who is acquainted with India cannot on a basis of complete equality and with nothing but conclude that he is somewhat uncertain as to his facts. For example, he lays the blame for excluded from the field of conference, what the India's famines on British rule, but the highly authoritative Cambridge History tells us that in future of Indian government should be. For the the reign of Muhammad Tughluq, a contemporary of Chaucer, there was "the most severe famine of first time Indian Princes sat around the table with which we have any record in India," lasting for seven years. Again he speaks of Mr. Gandhi as the representatives of all classes in British lndia "the spiritual and the political leader of 320,000,- 000 Hindus," apparently forgetting that there are and agreed together that the new Constitution many millions of Mohammedans and Sikhs in should include all India within a single federal constitution, under which responsibility for both central and local government should rest, subject to a few important and specified limitations, in Indian hands. For the first time the representa- [25 ]

tives of Great Britain declared that the time had familiar with the India of the past, in which the come for the primary responsibility for the In- effective responsibility for Indian government has dian government to pass from British to Indian rested in British hands. It seemed so venture- shoulders, provided that a constitution could be some and gigantic a move in a continent contain- drawn up and accepted which would do justice to ing as many people as Europe without Russia, and the minorities in India, subject to certain safe- divided within itself as Europe is divided. But it guards and reserve powers for which Great seems quite clear in the developments of recent Britain will remain responsible, to the interest no months and weeks that, except in certain rela- less of India than of Great Britain, during the tively narrow circles, the discussions of the Con- period of transition. ferences have convinced not only the British mem- Whatever the future may bring forth, it will bers, but public opinion in general, that the time be impossible to undo the fundamental work thus has come when in India, as in Australia, Canada, done by the Round Table Conferences. They have South Africa and Ireland, a definite breach must started India and Great Britain on a new road, be made with the old type of empire, that India from which there can be no turning back. This must follow in the footsteps of the other Dominis indeed a recent trend which, in all human ions and be free to work out her future by conprobability, will give permanent direction to the stitutional means in her own way. This concluprogressive responsible government of India by sion seems to have been arrived at not only be- cause it was right in itself in this day and generathe Indians. tion, and the only course consistent with the new British Commonwealth, but because it was the Hitherto most of the energies of Indian politi- only way of avoiding, both for India and Great cians have been devoted to getting rid of British Britain, the disasters of the American Revolucontrol, which they felt both humiliating in itself tionary era. Some have wanted to believe that and incompatible with their own political, social the transition to responsibility in India could and economic achievement. Hereafter the prob- come gradually and imperceptibly, but there is no lem before them is the framing, and then the evidence in history to justify this belief. At this working, of a constitution which will enable the stage of the proceeding the transfer of governraces and religions, the princes and people, of mental power from one set of hands to another India to govern themselves on constitutional lines, is truly a tremendous event and it takes place, in the adoption of which they have had the con- not imperceptibly, but either by violent revolution trolling part. The British people and the states- or by definite constitutional action. The signifimen who have represented them in recent years, cance of the critical but definite decisions of the with a few emphatic exceptions, would seem to Round Table Conferences is that the time for a have reached the conclusion that, provided a constitutional revolution has arrived. workable constitution can be framed, responsibility for Indian government shall pass to Indian At the time when the old British Raj was built control, in the center as well as in the Provinces, up, government in India was exclusively the consubject only to safeguards in the interest of cern of hereditary or military autocrats. The justice to minorities and of stable government. basis had always been the same, military power reinforced by hereditary or religious sanctions. The vital question today is whether Indians Nowhere had it any popular or democratic charthemselves can agree upon the constitution under acter. The will of the autocrat was absolute and which their government shall in future be con- public opinion in the modern sense had almost ducted. For at this writing there would seem to no instrument of expression, nor any effective be little doubt that, if they succeed in reaching sway. So long as the old structure of Indian agreement on a constitution which is at once thought and society continued, India, save for a workable and just to minorities, the British few patriots, was content. Government was not Parliament will enact it as it di.d in the case of the concern of the people but of the princes and the constitutions drawn up by and with other the gods. Great Britain had proved herself the Dominions. strongest among the rulers who were forever com- The Alternatives There can be little doubt that the completeness peting among themselves for power and prestige.

with which the Round Table Conferences and the To the mass of the people it meant little who was mass of British public opinion have accepted the ruler; the life of the countryside, the rotation of principle that Indians should in future be respon- plowing and reaping, birth, maturity and death, sible for their own government, both in the center the ritual of caste and religion, went on unchang- and in the Provinces, subject to safeguards during ing and unchanged. Good rulers kept taxes low; the process of transition, came with something of bad rulers brought poverty in their train. In so a shock and surprise to those who have been far as the British Raj brought the end of war and

INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES

kept taxes low, it was acquiesced in as the agent, would certainly refuse to be a party to the conon the whole, of a beneficent Providence. tinuing repression and probable bloodshed by which the old British Raj could alone now be But for some decades, conspicuously since the maintained. The Round Table Conferences have Great War, that point of view has been changing. certainly been right in concluding, with the prac- India has been following, at first slowly but later tical unanimity of their widely differing memberwith startling speed, in the footsteps of the rest ship in so far as representation is concerned, that of the world. Macaulay opened the sluice gates of the one hope for the future is to place the respon- Western education in 1835, when his vote on the sibility for Indian government, subject to safe- Viceroy's Council decided the great question of guards and reserves in the transition period, on making English and Western culture dominant Indian shoulders, under a sane and well balanced in the educational systems of India. The Civil constitution. Service of India, recruited so largely from Englishmen of broad education and a controlling sense Conclusion of justice, has led inevitably, by the process of self-communication of ideals, to the dominance of Immense, therefore, as are the risks and dift1the principle of self-determination. The resistless culties which lie ahead, difficulties of casting in determination of the modern world, that law and a vast sub-continent like India the conventions government should reflect national opinion, that and habits of mind which will make it possible economic life should be brought under conscious for a stable government to be derived from a still control, that poverty and inequality should be re- largely illiterate population; the difficulty of creatmoved or destroyed, is actively at work in India ing a political party system in a country in which also. There is hardly a village which is not now minorities claim separate and special representareached by the vernacular press preaching a dis- tion, there is practically no alternative to followcontent, or which has not had a returned soldier ing the trail clearly and courageously blazed by telling about the outside world and of Asiatic these Round Table Conferences. It would seem nations which have emancipated themselves from to be that road or chaos. The primary diffiwhite domination. culty in India will probably be to secure the abandonment of the campaign for immediate in- The old India has gone, or is rapidly going, and dependence by non-violent civil disobedience, and with it the old British Raj is inevitably going also. the co-operation of all elements in the far more The old form of government through a bureau- laborious and less exciting task of agreeing upon cracy, eft1cient but detached from the new life a constitution which will actually enable Indians stirring among the people, is as inadequate for to become responsible for their own government. modern India as it has proved to be for Great That is the real test of Swaraj. Can India develop Britain and America. Government must now rest the statesmanship which will recognize this? Can with a body amenable in constitutional ways to she agree to accept a constitution and work it Indian opinion. Not only is such a step right in patiently and successfully? On the answer, by itself, and the logical result of the presence in Indians themselves, to that question will depend India of the British and of British institutions whether India is to be a self-governing, constituthemselves; it is the only way of avoiding in India tional unit or not. government by repression which, when it is continued by an alien power against the consent of In any event, there would seem to be no practhe governed, never has lasted and never can last tical alternative to proceeding along the lines in the modern world. roughly mapped out by the Round Table Confer- ences. In this difficult and dangerous situation It is sternly true, therefore, that the alter- the road of responsibility, with safeguards in the natives which lie before India today are constitu- period of transition, is apparently the only road tionalism or chaos. The third policy still adhered which wi11lead India past the Scylla of chaos and to by a few strong statesmen in England, of try- dismemberment on the one side, and the Charybing to maintain the old British Raj through the dis of military despotism on the other side, to conresolute determination of the British Government stitutional self-government. It is the only road by to govern India whatever the cost, is an alter- which it is now possible to win over India to connative no longer. The consent of all classes in tentment as a Dominion-an equal partner within India to such a solution has clearly been with- the circle of the British Commonwealth of drawn and British public opinion, in the light of Nations. the development of the diminishing British Empire but the growing British Commonwealth,

A Banker Looks at the W arId*

..:{ By HUGH R. MONRO, Montclair, New Jersey President of the Montclair National Bank; Vice-President of the Niagara Lithograph Company T HERE can be little doubt that one of the its intellectual opportunity, and its domestic tran- least cultivated areas of our common think- quility, as more or less typical of America and the ing is that which has to do with an in- rest of the world. Of course he knows that there telligent outlook upon world conditions. It is not are certain backward nations and a number of that we are wholly ignorant of political move- formidable social evils to be dealt with; but his ments in other lands or the major happenings in sense of these things is distant; they are merely world affairs; but there is singular absence of disagreeable facts which in the light of general knowledge concerning the social and moral status world progress may be regarded as having of a large portion of mankind. Even among diminishing importance.

Christians who profess a deep interest in the After leaving Mr. Green I found myself with world-wide work of the Church, a flood of thoughts, chief among there are few who can summon them this: Is Maple Avenue anything approaching a compre- How does a banker-one really a true sample of the hensive picture of the present who deals largely with world? Take for example that state of human society. This is money and material things steaming New York East Side an important question. From -look at the present moral on an August night with its din, the standpoint of a proper and economic crisis in the its smells, its pallid children, its standard . of culture such a world? Does he see chiefly fire escape bedrooms, its sufferworld view must be regarded a ing and its crime. I thought of first essential; from the Chris- the weakness of interna- vast sections of similar squalor tian standpoint its lack is a sign tional credits, the problems in Philadelphia, Chicago, San of unpardonable ignorance. of transportation and the Francisco and other cities. The A recital, which may be con- supply of the world's mar- people of America as a whole enjoy a standard of living unsidered more than parable, will kets? Does he look upon paralleled in history; and yet add point to this observation: the millions of China and how small a portion of the land I n d i a as possible pur- resembles Maple Avenue in the Mr. Green, a well-to-do mer- chasers? What is the chief slightest degree. chant, has been for a number of cause of trouble and what years a resident of Maple Ave- is the cure? These and My mind turned to the festernue, one of the newer and more other questions this Chris-: ing East End of London; to the attractive streets of our city. tian banker answers for sodden conditions of great sec- He is cultured, respected, an himself-and perhaps for tions of Glasgow, Manchester elder of the nearby Park Church. you. and Liverpool; to the widening As we returned from church areas of destitution in such together yesterday he spoke with enthusiasm of the increas- cities as Paris, Berlin, Vienna, ing beauty of the neighborhood, Rome and Naples. I was oc- mentioning especially the new high school build- cupied not alone with the poverty and physical ing, regarded as one of the finest in the state. distress of these cities, but with visions of their Mr. Green was of the opinion that modern educa- breeding plots of discord, disease, crime and social tion, supplemented of course by the work of the unrest against which education and sanitation ap- Church, was rapidly spreading enlightenment pear to make little advance. The drear aspects of throughout the world. He said that the present the scene are not unrelieved by brighter vistas, world troubles are but the growing pains of an especially as the smaller nations of northern advancing civilization. I gained the strong im- Europe are brought within view; but with all such pression from our talk that Mr. Green thought values fully considered there remains an enormous of Maple Avenue with its architectural dignity, debit of human misery.

Turning toward eastern Europe the prospect • The author disclaims responsibility for the title of this article as darkens perceptibly. People live under unstable well as for the implied economic outlook. H. R. M.

[28 ] and in some cases despotic governments even the lot of this vast human sector compare with though they may be nominally republics. There our own? A press dispatch reports that one milare State Churches which admit of little or no lion children in a single Chinese province died true religious freedom; economic conditions are last winter of cold and hunger. Another item oppressive. Russia is increasingly recognized as says that ninety-five per cent of the population the chief menace to world security and peace. If can neither read nor write. This vast country imperialistic autocracy has been overthrown, a is without any effective central government. social order has been substituted under which Revolution is on every side. War-lords oppress masses of the people are reduced to practical the people for their own gain; bands of brigands slavery. This new order has not only discarded sweep down from the hills to harass the terror most of the recognized elements of civilized so- stricken people; opposing national armies move ciety, but has attempted to abolish religion, to across the scene, leaving a scene of death and uproot the moral sanctities, to destroy the home desolation. There have been recent disasters of and to make mockery of the marriage tie. This flood and famine. A correspondent has recently is the plight of more than one hundred and fifty cabled his New York daily that one-half of the millions of people who less than a score of years population of China is in a condition of destitution ago were citizens of a proud empire occupying a and distress on account of warfare, famine and conspicuous place in the family of nations. flood.

The peoples under review thus far represent Terrible as these calamities are they do not approximately one-third of the world's population. complete the story. Gigantic moral evils are eat- It is that portion of the world whose civilization ing like a cancer at the life of China; hoary superhas been moulded in some measure by Christian stitions hold the people in bondage to fear; tradiconceptions and ideals. And while it is sadly true tions and customs effectively bar the way to that only in small degree and in much the lesser emancipation and progress. Their misery makes part of this vast area have these conceptions taken them an easy prey of Communists. It is entirely deep root, it remains that Europe and America, clear that the one hope for the future lies in that including such English-speaking dominions as deposit of saving salt which Christian missionary Australia and New Zealand, embrace nearly all of effort has planted in the midst of the life of China. the enlightenment, humanitarianism, progressive- Even a small group of enlightened native leaders, ness, beneficence, and physical well-being to be incorruptible in character might, as in the hisfound on the face of the globe. tory of other nations, tum the tide of evil and lead these bewildered, suffering millions into a As we turn to the so-called "backward" peoples brighter day. of Asia and Africa, the scene undergoes violent change. However broad our racial sympathies, In India many aspects of the picture appear we can find little satisfaction in an attempt to even darker. The three hundred and forty milview these great human problems from the stand- lions (one-fifth of the human race) endure a dispoint of the backward peoples themselves, since tressingly sorrowful and despairing existence. their whole outlook is distorted by the corruptions During the last generation, through improved livand limitations by which their lives are confined. ing conditions, the people of America have added Ignorance will always remain the antithesis of ten years to the life span, whereas the people of knowledge; superstition of enlightenment; cruelty India have lost ten years. Several recent and of humanity; and degradation of character. widely read books on Indian life will reveal the Moreover the emancipation of a portion of the nature of this virus which is destroying the fibre human race from these malign influences has been of this unhappy people. The plight of more than the main fruit of centuries of advancing civiliza- fifteen million child widows is one of the most tion. shuddering tragedies which has ever come to womanhood. The Hindu religion is responsible This great non-Christian world raises issues for widespread moral corruption which is maniwhich stagger the imagination. Here we find fest in degrading scenes sculptured upon its more than two-thirds of the human family living temple walls, the evils of child marriage, the social under conditions little understood by the vast inequity of the caste system, and slavery to many majority of those who bear the name Christian. forms of vice. Poverty in India is so oppressive that at least sixty millions of the people are never China, with its four hundred and twenty mil- free from the gnawing pangs of hunger. One lions, embraces one-fourth of all mankind. It is would despair for the future of this distressed probable that ninety per cent of Americans have people were· it not for the growing strength of never seen a Chinese boy or girl, or a Chinese the Indian Christian Church; in its vital influence woman, and yet every fourth boy and girl and and leadership is India's one ray of hope. woman in the world is a Chinese. And how does

In Africa, what devastating sorrows have swept higher values of our American civilization have over the one hundred and forty millions of dark- come. Miracles of social transformation and skinned people during the past century. The spiritual uplift support the highest hopes of like iniquitous slave traffic, the rum traffic, and other conquests even among the earth's most backward cruel oppressions for which the white races have and oppressed. been largely responsible, have been supplemented by such indigenous evils as tribal warfare, can- A banker's well known predilection for analysis nibalism, witch doctors, degrading superstition, may justify the following by way of summary: and revolting heathen customs inherited from a hoary past. While a century of missionary effort (1) The Christian holds the key to a correct has lessened the gloom of dense African darkness understanding of present disturbed world condiwith streaks of light, nevertheless it still remains tions. The causes of present economic distress "the dark, sobbing continent." are at root moral: they were introduced by an iniquitous war; they were advanced by an orgy Another vast continental domain-and perhaps of senseless speculation; they are perpetuated by the least understood-lies almost at our doors. world-wide fear and distrust. We hear much of the glamor of the beautiful coast cities of Latin America, as it is called from (2) Benevolence has become sadly unbalanced. the racial origin of its peoples, but much less of Millions of dollars have been poured out for the the great interior with its primitive life and its mere aesthetics of college and university equipintellectual and moral desolation. A large part ment in America, when millions of boys and girls of the seventy millions of South America must are wholly without educational opportunity in still be numbered among the backward peoples other parts of the world. Luxurious hospitals of the earth; illiteracy in many parts reaching as multiply in number; and the medical professiDn high as eighty and even ninety per cent. War- has become Dvercrowded, while vast sections of fare and revolution are almost constant, and the world's population have no medical attention political morality at a low ebb. There has been whatever. In some areas the ratiO' is one physician much exploitation of the poor Indians and the ecclesiastical oppression by the powerful Roman or nurse tOo each half milliDn peDple, in cDntrast to Church is comparable with that of the pre-Reformation period in Europe. Great stretches of un- one to each one hundred in America engaged in the evangelized territory are still found in the heart war against disease. Many Df Dur philanthropists of South America. find it difficult tOo discover worthy objects, and To deal separately with the lesser nations would mean too great an expansion of this narrative. frequently bestow vast sums on undertakings of There are vast areas that are still practically little value, while modest sums intelligently used untouched by the Christian Gospel. In fact there abroad are changing the lives and environment of are millions more of unevangelized people in the many thousands. There are in certain backward world today than when the era of modern mis- countries opportunities for judicious investment sions began. which would go far toward ameliorating the dis- tressed condition of millions of people and even Expressed in figures the spiritual balance sheet might have a decisive influence in directing the is as follows: Out of a world population of 1,800,- course of an entire civilization. 000,000 less than one-third (500,000,000) have been brought into touch with the Christian Gospel (3) At the root of the most serious difficulties in either the sense of a knowledge of its saving which beset the world today is the decrease of message or the experience of its benefits as ex- vital Christian faith. On every hand there are pressed in well-ordered civilized society. If only signs that the influences of a materialistic age evangelical Christians are included the figure have not only had a benumbing effect upon the would be reduced to a fraction of the above. life of the Church at home, but have brought a chill to its enterprises abroad. In each of the While there is little in the world outlook to many similar eras of spiritual declension during suggest the peace and happiness of Maple Avenue the past nineteen centuries the corrective has been and the tranquil outlook of Elder Gr.een, yet his- a widespread spiritual awakening. There can be tory reminds us that Maple Avenue, and all other no other remedy now. havens of social content, are the fruits of a Christian inheritance. A mere glance at the moral and The one essentially new feature in the world social status Df Europe in the Middle Ages shows situation is the drawing together of the peoples how profound was the influence of the recovery of of the earth through easy communication and the Bible, with its liberating message, upon every commerce, so that solidarity and interdependence phase of life, also the source from which all the now exists. Today the influence of any powerful movement in one nation is immediately· felt by all the others. We believe that the next great Spiritual Visitation will be international in its scope.

N evv Vision of Home

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York 11:·· Executive Secretary, Home Missions Council A number of Conferences have been held to carry forward the constructive program of the North American Home Missions Congress held in Washington, D. C., a year ago. Cincinnati, Ohio; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Oakland, San Francisco, Berkeley, Sacramento and Los Angeles, California; and Denver, Colorado, were the centers in which programs of strong Home Mission interest were presented. The 1932 series of conferences begins in Indianapolis, January 18th and other conferences will follow through the year to carry to the Churches the message, spirit and conclusions of the Home Missions Congress, with the results of the studies of the new Five Year Program.

T HE North American Home Missions Con- 2. We see, as never before, the magnitude of gress, which was held in Washington in the task, the size and complexity of the enterprise, December, 1930, and the Findings of the and the wide range of interest. Five Year Program of Survey and Adjustment of the Home Missions Council, have given us a new The territory reaches from Point Barrow, the vision of Home Missions. They have enabled us most northern settlement in Alaska, to the West to see Home Missions as never before. Several Indies and Central America, from within 18 dethings stand out clearly in the picture. grees of the North Pole to within 18 degrees of the Equator, and from the Atlantic to the P::tcific. 1. We see more vividly the long and interest- It includes Canada, the United States, the West ing road over which we have been traveling for Indies, Mexico and the Canal Zone. three centuries. Over this vast expanse there is scattered a Some have said that Foreign Missions are more noble army of faithful missionaries, pastors, interesting than Home Missions because of their evangelists, teachers, doctors, nurses, community romance. Distance seems to lend enchantment to workers, itinerant missionaries, colporteurs and the one, while familiarity breeds contempt for the general superintendents. other. That depends upon what one means by romance. If you mean fiction that has no founda- Twenty-six denominations, constituent to the tion in fact, then neither fit the conception for Home Missions Council, in 1929 reported 16,196 both have to do with facts and deal with tre- home missionaries laboring in 18,123 different mendous realities. enterprises at an annual expenditure of $17,061,- 701, in addition to specially designated gifts, But, by romance, if you mean that unusual in- which run into thousands of dollars. terest that gives scope to imagination and idealization, that dash of chivalry that challenges ad- We see HOll.1e Missions as Big Business. miration, that spirit of adventure that stirs the heroic within us, then Home Missions has all the 3. Over against this magnificent history and glamour and dazzle of romance that we desire. these immense resources of men and money, we see a third thing-the Unmet Needs. Home Missions are inseparably linked with North American history-their development and For over three years the Home Missions Couninterests intertwine. There is nothing more cil has been making surveys of the field. These romantic or interesting in the eventful history have opened our eyes wider, and enabled us to of America than the heroic efforts to plant the see much more clearly the unfinished task. Half Christian Church on these shores, and the story the total population of the country is outside of of its slow and tedious conquest of the nation any kind of a church, Catholic, Jewish or Prothrough three hundred years. testant. Our attention has been called to the scattered populations of the changed rural areas, From the high peak of the Washington Con- the unreached thousands of our great modern gress we look back over the long and winding and cities, the exceptional groups in our mountains diverging roads of Home Missions in their march and industrial centers. There are large groups across the continent, and in our hearts exclaim of people to whom the Gospel is not even being "What hath God wrought." preached and there are large areas without the ministry of any church.

[ 31 ]

These facts disturb us, to think that after all in large measure upon the way in which we treat these years so many are unreached, for whom this matter. The lack of interdenominational co- Christ died. They are men and women to whom operation is holding back the success of the He commissioned his Church to "preach the Church all along the line. This failure to work in Gospel." These unmet religious needs come as an harmony is wasting our resources, weakening our inescapable challenge. programs, discrediting our testimony and belying 4. We have a new vision of the changed char- our essential unity. acter of Home Missions and the necessity for new means and new methods, and for a larger Chris- Bishop Charles Wesley Burns of the Methodist tian statesmanship. Episcopal Church, in a recent address to the Cali- fornia State Church Federation, referred to "Co- Much of the old Home Missions has gone and a operation in Christian work," as "the most imnew Home Missions is arriving. The day of the portant question at the present time in the inpioneer, the covered wagon and the frontier has terest of human welfare." He declared that "it is passed. Ve are now living in a new America and not the ecclesiastical or historical emphasis that in the twentieth century. will save the churches but actual practical every- day cooperative work." There is apparent today the great need for a new Home Mission statesmanship. A statesman- Dr. Mott, in his great closing address of the ship able to see the changed conditions, able to National Congress, said "In every hour during discern the new character of Home Missions, able this creative gathering we must have heard the to see the work in relation to the total task of the summons to a larger unity. Never have the divi- Church, and able to be unafraid and adventurous sions among Protestant Christians, at home and in the face of great difficulties. abroad, seemed to me to be so unnecessary, so unwise, and therefore so unChristian as they do This larger statesmanship can not be worked just now." He gave us six reasons for a more out by mission boards and missionary secretaries perfect cooperation in our Home Mission workalone. They are doing their part. They are awake to the new day and the new demands, but The overwhelming magnitude of the task they must have help. There is entirely too much The difficulty of the undertaking "passing the buck," whatever that may mean, in. The urgency of the present situations this matter, to national organizations. Our Home The necessity of economy Mission Boards can go no faster than pastors and The enrichment of spiritual life laymen will allow them to go. They can do no The triumphant apologetics it would give us more than the Church will enable them to do. 5. Again we have a new vision of the im- This larger statesmanship for which the Congress portance of Home Missions in this day, and the pled includes us all-mission boards, missionary necessity for a new emphasis upon this task in our secretaries, national, regional and local ecclesi- churches.

astical bodies, and officials, pastors and church We came away from Washington with the con- members. viction that the rnost urgent immediate and in- Furthermore, this statesmanship must be able sistent task of the Church in this day is the mak- to cross denominational lines. It must be able to ing of America Christian. There is nothing see the strategy of interdenominational coopera- America needs so much today as Christ.

tion. Will Durant in an article in the October Red Denominational programs can no more be built Book, entitled "America on Trial," pointed out solely within denominational circles than our na- in his brilliant way, eight things wrong with tional policies can be determined without taking America: into consideration all the other nations of the 1. The Melting Pot is not working earth. 2. Our Agriculture is bankrupt Cooperation was perhaps the biggest word in 3. Our Industrial System has broken down the Washington Congress. It came up in every 4. Our Democracy is a failure group and entered largely into the consideration 5. Our Cultural life is superficial and vulgar of every question-problems of the city, difficult 6. Our Moral life is in chaos rural situations, work among the Indians, 7. Our Civilization is dying Mexicans or New Americans-sooner or later all 8. The Drama of Protestantism is reaching its must come to the question of interdenominational close cooperation. Any man, who is alert, can catalogue a long list This is one of the most important matters now of things that are wrong in America. It takes no facing Protestant Christianity. The solution of great wisdom or unusual skill to paint a very every other problem of the Church today depends distressing picture of our country and our times.

THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS

The difficulty is not in knowing what is wrong, The task of Home Missions is to reveal Christ to America, especially to the fifty millions or more but it seems to be in knowing how to make things who are unreached and neglected.

right. Not only is this necessary for the salvation of Our politicians do not seem to know. They America but to fulfillment of our Home Mission task and for the salvation of the Church. have had time enough and opportunity enough to The Church is on trial in America. She is facset things right, but the more they do, the less ing her Waterloo. Organized Christianity has failed in other ages and in other lands. It failed they seem to accomplish. in Russia; men of prominence tell us that it has Our captains of industry do not seem to know. failed in Europe; will the Church fail in this age and in this land? Surely they have had all the time and opportunity Such a catastrophe could happen. Will it hapneeded to bring about better conditions, but the pen? It depends, in my judgment, primarily upon more they talk the less intelligent they seem- the way in which the Church meets her Home Mission task. Her spiritual battlefields, where and the longer they control affairs, the more dis- the destiny of organized institutionalized religion is to be determined, are not on the avenues of our tressing the conditions become. large cities where stand our great cathedrals, but Our economists and sociologists do not seem to in their slums "where cross the crowded ways of life"; not in the cultured county seat towns where know. There has never been a time when they are to be found our most delightful pastorates but in the hills and mountains of the hinterlands. talked more and said less than today-none of them seems to know the way out. Their pro- The Church of Christ must be made to appre- ciate the importance and urgency of Home Misnouncements are a confused clashing of opinions sions. It must be made Home-Mission-minded. There must be a revival of interest and zeal for -and muddling of issues. this work. We must correct the false impression When will America come to see Jesus Christ that the task has been accomplished. It was never greater than today, it was never more urgent than as her true counsellor? Only when the Church today. The total life and success of the entire truly lives and shines into every dark corner of Church both at home and abroad never depended more truly upon Home Missions than in this very this great land. Only when the Gospel is preached period through which the world is now passing. to all the people in every part of this vast domain, The Washington Congress was convinced that with such power and conviction, and passion, and the day has come for a great Home Missionary advance in North America. earnestness, and sanity that the unchurched and 6. Lastly, the new vision has given us a more unevangelized multitudes will be impelled to come spiritual conception of our task and a deeper feelto Him and be saved. ing of absolute dependence upon the Spirit of God We cannot have a saved nation of unsaved and the leadership of Jesus Christ in this great enterprise. I can do no better than to quote two people. America's fundamental trouble today is paragraphs from the Findings: not in economics, not in industry, not in politics, Again and again we have been thrilled by a sense of how far we have come toward a Christian North America. not in government, not in sociology, not in educa- But again and again we hav,e been arrested by a sense tion, not in moving pictures, not in stock markets, of how far short we are of the ideal of Christ for these nations. We have come far enough to glimpse the Promised not in unemployment-America's fundamental Land. But to pass over into it seems beyond our strength. We felt, as Stanley Jones has put it, that "We cannot go trouble is in the realm of religion-irreligion- further until we go deeper."

anti-religion—eccentric religion-America must What we need, and what we believe the Church at large needs, is a renewed and more vital consciousness of God; have Christ. He is her only hope. a sense that Jesus is Savior and that there is none other, President Hoover, in his opening speech of the either for the individual, or for society; that without Him we can do nothing; that through Him we can do anything Unemployment Drive last October, said: that needs to be done. We must strive to interpret these convictions of our Christian faith in life and in language I would that I possessed the art of words to fix the real that will capture the attention and allegiance of our fellow-Christians. issue with which the troubled world is faced into the mind and heart of every American man and woman. Our coun- try and the world are today involved in more than a financial crisis. Weare faced with the primary question of human sroeclaiettiyonas~dwhtoichthereadcehpeths to the very depth of organized of human conscience.

This civilization and this great complex, which we call American life, is builded and can alone survive upon the translation into individual action of that fundamental philosophy announced by the S~viour nin~teen cent~ries ago. Part of our national suffermg today IS from faIlure to observe these primary yet inexorable laws of human relationship. Modern society cannot survive with the de- fense of Cain, "Am I my brother's keeper?"

No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no eco- nomic plan or project can replace that God-imposed r~­ sponsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this pai~ful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorIOUS America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience of individual men and women.

and the World of

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., »: .

Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

A RESTLESS, disillusioned, changing world; ing Negro lads the Koran. On his table there a rest-giving and unchanging Christ- were Indian, Turkish, and Egyptian papers. In these are two great present-day realities. the little mosque there was a money-chest to col- Jesus Christ, alive for ever more, is present today lect for "the holy war of the Riffs" against the in human history. He is the head of the Church French in Morocco, and it was labelled: "To be and the spiritual leader of the missionary enter- sent through the Caliphate Committee, Bombay!"

prise. According to His own promise He is with Islam is a 'world brotherhood. It is always and us all the days. In a real sense, therefore, we may everywhere cosmopolitan.

speak of Him, reverently, as "our contemporary." This cosmopolitan character of the Islamic And the unevangelized world of Islam, too, is a brotherhood in Africa is emphasized by the use reality. In this world Jesus Christ has been at of the same character in writing and the same work by His providence, by His word and through speech in prayer and public worship. The slates His Spirit for centuries, and He works now. The in the hands of children at Fez, Timbuctu, rise of Islam was a challenge to the supremacy, Mponda, Zanzibar, Lagos and Cape Town, have the finality and the sufficiency of God's Word and the same copy in the same script: "Bisrriillahi- of God's Son. For neither the Koran nor Mo- arrahman-ar-rahim." "In the name of Allah, the hammed could escape "the fact of the Ghrist." compassionate, the merciful."

Islam arose in a Christian environment. Present- While at Zomba in Nyasaland, I walked some day scholarship is agreed that the best elements miles through the jungle to a Moslem village in its dogma and ethics were due to Nestorian where I was expected to make an address through Christianity. The influence of a Christian tradi- a Christian interpreter who spoke Yao. On artion can not be ignored in the life of Mohammed. rival, the courtyard before the mosque was However warped, or misunderstood, or wrested, crowded. I received a warm welcome, but never yet in many and mysterious ways the Truth of used my Christian interpreter. The Imam and God bored its way from within. Christ's portrait his son had been to Mecca, spoke perfect Arabic, in the Koran, though only a sad caricature, could and interpreted for me into Yao. Islamic civilinot be wholly hid. God left Himself not without zation always includes the Arabic speech and witness and for thirteen centuries Moslems have alphabet which are spreading today in Africa. In had the clear testimony of the Koran to the exist- Cape Town the Arabic character is used to print ence and the authority of the Gospel. a Dutch (Afrikaans) commentary on the Koran. The remnants of the Christian Church that sur- In spite of rising nationalism and the abolition vived the Saracen flood in the ark of faith, also of the Caliphate by Turkey, there is still real panwitnessed for Christ by word and life and martyr- Islamism evident in the Moslem press, in the death down the ages. Earthquake, wind and fire derwish-orders and in the annual pilgrimage to shook the mountain of Islam during the World War. What is the still, small Voice that speaks Mecca. to us today and summons the Church to complete The Moslem press of India, of Egypt and of its task? Turkey was never more active, never more inter- national in its outlook than it is today. The I. There is a solidarity and an essential unity reason is that the cult of nationalism, as for ex- in the world of Islam which baffles the student of ample, in Palestine, Afghanistan and Persia, history and of present-day missions. which some thought would prove the death-knell It transcends race and language, geographical of pan-Islamism has not decreased but rather in- boundaries and political ideas. creased international bonds between scattered In July, 1925, I visited one of the mosques at Moslem groups and distant lands. Witness the Beira, Portuguese East Africa. A Yemen Arab agitation of the Indian press regarding Zionism in who had received instruction in Cairo was teach- Palestine, the interest of Javanese newspapers in [34 ] Egyptian politics and the proposals for the re- world of thought and life. Turkey is turning her back on the past and is trampling on traditions vival of the Caliphate on the part of the Nizam that had the sanctity of age and religion. The of Hyderabad. Eldon Rutter, the most recent of cry of the reactionaries is, "Back to the Koran and to Mohammed." The problem of the progres- European pilgrims to Mecca, tells in his book, sives is to get as far away from both as is decent "The Holy Cities of Arabia," how deeply he felt and safe. The unity of the Moslem problem is nowhere seen more clearly than in this struggle the unity and solidarity of Moslem brotherhood as he saw the multitudes thronged around the of the old and the new in the womb of a new day. Kaaba. Islam is a world-religion. It is similar in all lands from Java to Morocco. Today the number of those who profess and call National and compulsory primary education for themselves Mohammedans is nearly two hundred and fifty millions. In southeastern Europe (omit- the masses is an ambitious program for countries ting the scattered groups of Britain and France as negligible in number but not in their influence) where until very recently 96% of the men and there are three and a half millions. They are found chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and 99% of the women were illiterate. Yugo-Slavia. Add to these a little over eighteen Yet this is the proposal for Turkey and for millions in European and Asiatic Russia and nearly two hundred thousand in South America Egypt by Moslem educational leaders. By simpli- (chiefly Brazil and Guiana). fication of grammar, by adopting the Latin alpha- Pass to the two great continents and the Island world where Islam has made its conquests. In bet, by every possible device, Turkey seeks a Africa there are nearly fifty million followers of higher literacy. The present activity and enterthe Arabian prophet, and they are found almost prise of the Moslem press and journalism already everywhere except in the southwestern portion of the continent. In the Belgian and French Congo, mentioned are creating new opportunities and a Liberia, Mozambique, Somaliland; around the Lakes and Zanzibar and in Madagascar, on the new mentality among the masses. Provincialism west coast of Senegal, Guinea, Dahomey, in is going. Here is a Malay weekly published by Uganda, Abyssinia, Kenya, Tanganyika; in Sierra Mohammedans in Borneo. On a single page there Leone and the Gold Coast, Togoland and the Camerouns; nearly eleven million in Nigeria, and is an article on Islam in America, another on the last but not least, the solid belt of Moslem coun- new mosque in Berlin, items regarding Aligarh tries in the north, Egypt, the Sudan, Tripoli, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. In Africa pagan- College, India, Nationalism in Bengal, and an adism is crumbling, but Islam is aggressive, vertisement of a Japanese steamship company, ubiquitous, and is contesting with Christianity the destiny of a continent. that accommodates Borneo pilgrims for Mecca, if they will embark at Pedang, Sumatra. In Asia every country has its Moslem problem except Japan and Korea. In China there are Social unrest is found everywhere. It concerns about nine millions; in the Dutch East Indies over itself not only with such obvious matters as westforty millions. India has the largest Moslem population of any country in the world-over ern dress and head-gear, the calendar, banking, seventy-seven millions. In Bengal province alone there are twenty-seven and a half million Mos- the cinema and theatre, but with far deeper issues lems. These figures are from the last census. due to the impact of Western civilization.

II. Islam is growing in numbers and entering Feminism and Bolshevism are the two foci of new areas, but is losing in prestige and power. the great ellipse of agitation. The rights of womanhood and the rights of the proletariat have In every land of the Near East we witness, on the one hand, its disintegration and inner decay; found powerful advocates. The press of Persia, and on the other hand, frantic attempts to restore of Afghanistan, of Central Asia and of India are old sanctions and revive old beliefs and practices. directly or indirectly deeply influenced by Moscow.

New movements, economic, social, intellectual, In Turkey there is lively discussion not only of spiritual, are stirring everywhere. 'rhe currents social but of religious liberty. Husein Jahid Bey run counter to each other, and Zionism, Bolshevism, Commercialism, Nationalism, Imperialism, has recently published a book with the title, "The all have their own interests centering in the Near Book of the Citizen" mainly translated from two East. Each is a disintegrating factor in the old French authors. In the chapter on Religious Liberty he says: Religious liberty holds first place among all social liberties. Religious liberty does not mean merely the right of every person to be free in his sohwonulrdelbigeiofur es eb et ol i ebf~ but it means also that every church es- tablished anywhere without any hindrance, and to propa- gate its ideals by word or by institutions such as hospitals, schools and universities. 'A free church in a free State,'

as it is in America and in Holland. To worship God as I wish, and to believe as I think should be the right of every person. The state does not recognize 'believer' or 'unbeliever'; it recognizes only 'citizen.''' Then we have the following most significant words regarding Chris- tianity and the Gospel:

The Gospels proclaim a law of love and peace. Yet spite of the alliance between the scion of Abd-ul- since the days of the union of the Church with the State Majid and the multi-millionaire ruler of Hydera- under Constantine, the human conscience has been kept bad. The political horizon is clouded and no one under oppression. Many millions have been killed, expelled can foretell the weather that broods on the North- and persecuted. Bloodshed in the name of religion is west frontier of India or in the Near East. greater than that shed in political warfare. If the State and the Church had not united their interests and passions, III. Across this restless and changing world Christendom would not have witnessed such cruelty. However, the political interests of the Kings and Popes have the message of the living Christ is exerting its disappeared. No one is forced to accept a religion today. Whether one praises the Renaissance and the great Re- power silently and ceaselessly. formation or curses them, it does not matter. Today that mentality is dominant everywhere. Our thought, ideals, The production and distribution of the Bible morals, are saturated with those principles. Today a citizen and a believer seem to be on opposite sides. On the continues wihlout hindrance. In North Africa one hand liberty is considered as a poisonous fruit of the Great Revolution, and the believers are taught to curse it. the sales of the Christian Scripture increased On the other hand the citizens are told to look to the Church as an enemy of civilization. There is much con- from 17,000 copies in 1904 to 78,000 in 1928. fusion in people's minds on these points. This is alto- Last year for the first time in history a colporteur gether baseless. Christianity is no enemy of liberal insti- sold eight hundred gospels openly and without tutions; in fact such institutes have existed only in Chris- molestation in the streets of Ouezzan, the sacred tian countries. The peoples who have followed the laws city of Morocco. In Persia and East Arabia the of Brahma, Buddha, and Mohammed have known nothing Gospel may truly be counted among "the best but despotism. Modern liberty is the fruit of the Gospels. sellers." Its penetrative power is evident in village conversation and in the city press from Needless to say, such a bold prophet met with Fez to Isfahan. The leading poet of Egypt and the outstanding novelist of Turkey, both Moslems, opposition, and the reactionary press handled his acknowledge their indebtedness to the Bible for inspiration and style. A missionary in India book very roughly. asked a Mullah who was preaching to villagers on being born again, "Sir, from where did you get In Egypt the case of the Moslem convert and the subject of your sermon?" Immediately he pulled from a pocket a copy of the New Testapreacher, Kamil Mansur (who suffered imprison- ment, and turning to the third chapter of St. John said, "I got my subject from here. For the ment on a false charge and was afterward ac- last two years I have carried this book with me always. The traditions of Islam are a thing of the quitted) was a step forward for religious liberty. past; it is now necessary for us to find salvation. Jesus has said, 'God is Spirit, and we must wor- We learn that "there are indications that the ship Him in spirit and in truth'."

leavening of thought and life by Western ideas, In day-schools, colleges, and universities, in outwhich has characterized the post-war history of door clinics, welfare-centers and hospitals, in so- Egypt, is still proceeding. At one time the swing cial service and deeds of mercy, the Living Christ of the pendulum seems to favor the party of re- is at work. The colporteur introduces men and form. At another it swings back in the direction women and children to their Best Friend-enof Moslem orthodoxy and conservatism. Many in- larging the circle every day of the year. stances might be quoted in illustration of this alternating movement. Two years ago it was A stimulating definition of a missionary was rumored that the reforms at al Azhar University given by a Turkish friend to Miss Ethel W. would include the introduction into the curriculum Putney of Gedik Pasha, Istanbul, Turkey. "There of the optional study of foreign languages, espe- are two kinds of people in the world," he said, cially French and English, and also the study of "those who are just good, and those whose goodcomparative religion. The Commission which ness is so living and contagious that others who was appointed to determine these reforms has come in contact with it are transformed. The recently issued its report. It is true that much latter are the only true missionaries, whatever has been done to correlate the programme of stu- their label may be. They are living in such vital dents at al Azhar with that prescribed in the. touch with God that His power and love transordinary Government schools, but there is no men- form them, and through them, others." tion of either foreign languages or comparative religion. It would appear that, for the moment, This testimony should encourage those who are the conservative element at al Azhar has pre- perplexed by the paucity of converts in lands vailed." where public confession is still so difficult.

So the rising tide of progressive nationalism God is working out His purposes secretly and meets an undertow of reactionary currents every- openly. The latest news from Java gives the total where. The Moslem congress, called to meet in number of baptised Moslems in that Island as over Jerusalem in December, has already encountered strong opposition to its program in the Cairo press. The Caliphate will not be resurrected in

PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN

47,000-forty thousand more than the statistics lands, the words of an Indian Statesman, the late God gave Elijah when he was down-hearted! (I Sir Narayan Chandavarkar, come to mind. He Kings 19 :18). spoke of the conversion of India, but his words apply to the Moslem world as well : A letter comes just now from a friend in Central Asia: "Never before has the Christian "The process of conversion of India to Christ Mission in Turkestan been so successful and may not be going on as rapidly as you hope, or promising as it is now. During the first three in exactly the same manner as you hope but, quarters of this year more than thirty Moslems nevertheless, India is being converted; the ideas have confessed their faith in Christ and have that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but been baptised." surely permeating every part of Hindu society, and modifying every phase of Hindu thought." As we consider the present situation in Moslem Primitive Tribes of the Caribbean ..:{ By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT Philadelphia, Secretary of the Indian Missions of America I N the twenty republics south- how primitive and uncivilized east of the United States, are the native Indian tribes. there is an estimated popula- Pre-historic ruins, extinct civ- tion of 18,000,000 pure-blood In- ilizations, ancient cultures, are dians, speaking the native' lin- being investigated, as aerial sur- guae. If those of mixed blood, veys, archeological researches, predominantly Indian, are in- and daring explorations bring to cluded, then the classification of Ii g h t unsuspected material.

35,000,000 as Redmen may not What unwritten history is sug- be far astray in the whole of gested by the mute record of the Latin America. Several of these pyramid of San Juan Teotehua- republics have a very small per can near Mexico City, compara- cent of Caucasian or white in- ble in size with the great pyra- habitants. Mexico has only nine- mid of Egypt; by the granite teen per cent white, and the five stelae and enduring walls of an- Central American states average cient Mayan ruins, over which fifteen per cent. Col. Lindbergh and other discov- This is really Indian America. erers have flown during the last Only a few years ago the legis- year; by the Inca altars of Cuz- lature of Ecuador seriously con- co, Peru, and by the scant me- sidered making the old Inca morials of early Caribs, Arawa- tongue, the Quicha, which is kas, and Chivchas of the old spoken today by a large propor- Spanish Main.

tion of its inhabitants, the offi- The . whole Indian situation cial language of the republic. from the viewpoint of the Chris- Another surprising fact is tion missionary enterprise needs that South America should still to be studied. But so vast are retain her position as the one the areas, and so backward great division of the area of the and isolated are the native world, outside of the polar populations, that comparative- regions, large districts of GOAJIRO INDIAN OF COLOMBIA ly limited fields must be which are still unknown to segregated, such as the Car- white men. The recent explorations of the ibbean coastal region of which this article treats.

Dickey expedition along the sources of the The continent of South America is 3,300 miles Orinoco River in Venezuela and Brazil re- wide by 5,000 miles long. Brazil alone is larger veal how unfamiliar are vast regions and than the United States. Where civilization has

not penetrated, where the Indian tribes have not each of the bays, opening from the Caribbean, for that strait which should lead to far Cathay. had the privileges of education and evangeliza- Seeking the same mythical passage, Balboa pene- trated into the interior and climbed the ridge tion, there are to be found today the most back- where ward and savage regions of the world. Here is With eagle eyes He star'd at the Pacific-and all his men probably the largest body of neglected human be- Look'd at each other with a wild surmise Silent upon a peak in Darien. ings, from the viewpoint of the Church and the The number of Indians in Panama at the pres- Christian message, in proportion to the total pop- ent time cannot be even approximately estimated, for few of the primitive wild Indians leave their ulation, of any element of earth's inhabitants, un- jungle and mountain retreats, and the census enu- merators of the Republic do not penetrate to their less Central Asia is to be excepted. isolation. One hundred thousand is the figure given as comprehending the total, and 36,000 The historic Spanish Main, extending in a tribal Redmen of this number, still holding to their native language, customs and independence, crescent along the shores of the Caribbean from acknowledging relations to no other government Panama on to the northeast coast of Guiana, now in the Isthmus. There appears to have been was the scene of the romantic and adventur- no written language, not even a system of hieroous exploits of the gold-seekers, Spanish con- glyphics, among the aborigines of Panama. They quistadores, buccaneers and pirates. Here was were less nomadic than the North American tribes the arena of the conquests over numerous Indian and in weaving and domestic arts they were populations, exploited by the stronger and well- superior. armed Europeans, who exterminated millions of these Redmen. Of all the varied interests of this To enumerate the tribal divisions and charactropical region, its natural resources, its climate, teristics of these Indians would be to little purwhich in our northern winter affords a dry, balmy, pose, but the outstanding facts regarding the sun-kissed land of health and recreation, and its larger groups and their utter neglect religiously history of conquest and adventure, the greatest should be of special interest, for here is an unfulsubject to engage one's attention is the treatment filled task of evangelism for which the Christian accorded the native Indian tribes, their persist- forces of the Church in the United States have a ence to this day in most adverse circumstances, primary responsibility. and their utter neglect and dire need of attention from the organized Christian forces of Europe The San BIas Indians live in settled villages and America. These backward aborigines have re- along the Caribbean coast and on an archipelago tained a mistrust and an aversion to strangers, of islands. They are short in stature, stocky and especially the Spanish, whom they have every industrious in their habits. The finest coconuts reason to regard as enemies. "Their feeling is not are grown by them and they are good fishermen. a reasoned one," states Dr. Pittier, who, as trav- It was the ancestors of these Indians who made eller, ethnologist and scientist, has established welcome the luckless Scotch colonizers who settled closest contacts with them. "It is the instinctive Caledonia harbor, 140 miles from Colon toward distrust of the savage for the unknown or inex- Colombia, some two hundred years ago, but after plicable, intensified in this particular case by the untold hardships and mishaps they abandoned the tradition of a long series of wrongs at the hands venture. In all these years that have elapsed the of the hated Spaniards." San BIas have clung to the traditions of friend- ship for the British and hatred for the Spanish. The Republic of Panama geographically is the bridge between the two continents of the western An evangelical missionary, Miss Anna Coope hemisphere. In area it is the size of the state of from England, labored among these Indians for a Indiana, or of New Hampshire and Vermont com- number of years and laid the foundations for a bined. The great inter-oceanic canal has now permanent work. Political opposition and legal made it the crossroads of the world. The history barriers prevented the continuance of this work of this narrow Isthmus, where the long mountain about seven years ,ago, but several promising range extending from far northern latitude to the young men of the tribe have received an education extremity of South America reaches its lowest in the United States and are ready to return to elevation, presents vivid contrasts of the primi- their own people as evangelists and teachers. The tive tribes in their aboriginal surroundings of Indian Mission of America, with headquarters in jungles and tropical forests. There they were iso- Philadelphia, desires to resume work for the San lated from all contacts until the sudden appear- BIas. ance of Europeans, the ruthless invasion of the territory of the Indians, brought about the extermination of many tribes and the retiring of other groups into the fastnesses never penetrated by white men even to this day. Columbus sought in

Of the same linguistic stock are several groups The Indians of Panama generally drink heavily, in the province of Darien, adjoining Colombia, and and the white man's rum is to some extent taking extending to the Pacific ocean. The resources of the place of the native brew of chica. Not all of this province are very rich in minerals and tim- the tribes indulge in tobacco, and in some sections ber, medicinal plants, and dye woods. The region the cigars are mere hollow rolls, the lighted ends is largely unmapped and unexplored. being held in the mouth.

The Chocos are one of the smaller and least A GROUP OF THE MOTILONES ,OF VENEZUELA known tribes of the Darien. Prof. Pittier wrote of them: "NeV'er in our twenty-five years of The republic of Colombia has an extensive Intropical experience have we met with such a sun- dian population, widely separated in tribes of loving, bright and trusting people, living nearest great divergence; but along its northern coast, to nature and ignoring the most elementary wiles adjoining the Caribbean, there are two divisions, of so-called civilization. Physically they are a fine the Goajiros, of Arawak stock, occupying the long and healthy race. The first thing the Chocos do in peninsula which projects on the borders of Venethe morning is to jump into the nearby river and zuela, and the Sierra Nevadas of the high mountheir ablutions are repeated several times in the tain regions, near the Santa Marta coast, .a tribe course of the day. They seem to be exclusively of Chivcha stock. monogamistic and both parents surround their children with tender care. They are very indus- Of the Indians of the peninsula about ten per trious. During the dry spells their life is out of cent speak Spanish, and thirty per cent underdoors, planting and watching their crops, hunting, stand it. Their country is dry cactus desert, with fishing and canoeing. When the heavy rains come hills extending toward Venezuela, where some they stay at home, weaving baskets of all kinds, 2,000 Cocinas or bandits dwell. My visit during making ropes and hammocks, carving dishes, mor- the past winter to this peninsula revealed the negtars, stools and other objects out of tree trunks." lected state of this tribe and the open door of opportunity for missionary effort. Their life is In Chiriqui Province, a day's voyage on a coast- almost as primitive and aboriginal as the Indians ing steamer from Panama City at Remedios, are whom Columbus and the Spanish conquistadores found the Zabanero Indians. They defeated the discovered. It is a sobering thought to find that Spanish and still hold their own territory back in they have been left through the long years in unthe Cordilleras. They are supposed to antedate relieved paganism and illiteracy. the Aztecs and the Mayas. The coastal Indians of Venezuela cannot be in- The second grouping of the tribes of Panama cluded in the purview of this article, except for a is the Guamies, extending toward the Republic brief allusion to two divisions. The Motilones, of Costa Rico in the provinces of Chiriqui and the name meaning "crop-haired," use the poi- Boco del Toro. Among the Valientes a mission of soned arrows and are hostile to commercial or the Wesleyan Methodists is firmly established, adventurous intrusion into their country. They having been started in 1917. These Indians num- have long been regarded as being very dangerous, ber about 8,000 and are located on the Caribbean and no efforts have been made to educate or evanside of the Isthmus. The United Fruit Company gelize them. However, during the past year the has banana and cocoa lands in this region. On peaceable visit of a missionary, Mr. John Duval the coast the mission has three churches and three Rice, was received in friendly spirit. Without fireday schools. Headquarters are maintained also in the mountain section, where a considerable num- arms, and in a kindly, tactful approach, this repber of these Indians were driven by the Mosquito Indians of Nicaragua. They have a language all resentative of the Church found that the illtheir own, into which the New Testament has reputed Motilones were without exception friendbeen translated by Rev. Ephraim Alphonse, who maintains a medical dispensary and acts as their spiritual leader. One of the teachers in the school is also a trained nurse.

In the valley of Mirando, which is high up in the Cordilleras, in a region cut off from the Plains, there are some 5,000 of the Guamies, the most primitive Panamanian natives outside of Darien. This beautifully forested country will be opened up by the new road being constructed from Panama City to David.

ly, unusually honest and generous. They live a open. Venezuela has recently excluded the Archmost primitive life, without houses or hammocks. bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and super- intendents representing mission boards from en- At the extreme northwestern corner of Vene- tering the country, but here also private evangelizuela there are Indians, grouped in the region of cal schools are recognized, and limited tolerance Maracaibo, where the oil interests have developed of freedom of worship prevails. Panama, with the large commercial activities. The story of neglect change of government effected December, 1930, and of debasing influences from contact with will be ushered into a new progressive era and greed and aggressions of white civilization is re- will afford protection for Protestant enterprises. peated here. The Scandinavian Alliance of the United States has established mission stations at There is no louder call or more legitimate claim a number of points around the Lake of Maracaibo. for an advance in Protestant mission effort than this made by the native tribes of the Caribbean. Concerning the opportunities for evangelical A Christian statesman has recently observed: missionary effort in the Republics of the Carib- "The world is paying attention to the great Conbean, it should be noted that Colombia has been tinent of the South as never before. We hope that least tolerant and that the Roman Catholic Church definite plans will be discussed and adopted whose has, until the elections of February, 1930, held sole and persistent aim will be to bring the truth almost undisputed power. But with the Liberal as it is in Jesus Christ to these millions of unvictory, and the hope of revision of existing re- evangelized Indians of South America." ligious legislation, a wider door of privilege will The Spirit of Home Missions I am the Spirit of Home Missions.

I was born in the heart of the lowly.

My ancestors were pioneers: My mother is the Church; My father is the spirit of righteous adventure.

In my early life I fought against ease and stagnation.

I blazed new trails in thought and endeavor; I slept in the great forests of the West; I drank from her running brooks; My footprints are seen everywhere.

I searched for stout hearts and found them: John Stewart, Jason Lee, McKendree, Brother Van, Forsyth.

I have increased courage in the hearts of men who dare.

I always keep "on the line of discovery."

I have welcomed the new-born babe in the frontier cabin; I walk the crowded city streets; I visit the sick; .

I preach the Gospel to the poor.

I gave the Negro my right hand and helped him up.

I welcome the immigrant And show kindness to the stranger in our land.

I help build your churches, Your schools, colleges, hospitals, homes; I help educate your youth and train your minister.

I live because I serve.

I am not a formal organization: Departments, bureaus, secretaries, treasurers; These are only my framework.

I am a spirit, Commissioned of God and blest by the lowly Nazarene; I must help mEm in heroic tasks- For humanity gnaws at my heart.

Therefore let me go to the needy places.

My spirit must live!

-EZRA Cox, in The Christian Advocate.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=.~~~===============I~ THE CHALLENGE OF "THE heathen" no longer "raging so most potent factor in the solu- furiously together" as they rage tion of all problems, at home and CHANGING ORDER" against Christians for our re- abroad, that the world has ever ligious inconsistencies and our known, and that the leadership By Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison overgrown Nordic bumptious- of Jesus Christ is still mankind's ness-these are among the fea- paramount need. "We are immersed in the at- tures that face us as we sweep mosphere of change and dedi- the horizon. The fault is not with the cated to the proposition that Gospel but with ourselves. We growth is the essence of the Grave difficulties also confront may well echo Walter Rauschen- Christian scheme . . . . No one us at home. Our young people, busch's dictum: "It rests with us can chart the roads we shall fol- who have hobnobbed at college to say if we are now to enter low; the destination may be un- with Chinese, Hindus, Japanese, upon a new era in the transforcertain; but once more with staff Filippinos-a n d incidentally mation of the world into the in hand we are on our way." have been hard-pressed to keep Kingdom of God, or if our civili- pace with them-are naturally zation is destined to go down to -Rev. D. J. Evans skeptical about their responsi- the graveyard of dead civiliza- bility towards civilizations old, tions and God will have to try "The changing world which we cultural and rich. They do not again". are facing demands a changing realize, alas! that these nonattitude" . Christian people are still blindly Readjustments are often as groping for soul-liberty and painful as major surgery-and -Edward A. Steiner light. The writer recently saw nearly the whole of a Y. M. C. A. as necessary. Since world con- "When he, the Spirit of Truth, district conference vote "thumbs ditions have never been satisis come, he will guide you into down on Foreign Missions". factory and the principles of all truth". Jesus have not yet been given a Recent shifts in the basic idea fair trial, is not change (of a -Jesus Christ of the universe have not been certain sort) our only hope for without effect on students. When betterment? The blue-prints In this challenging greeting the Law of Gravitation is dis- and specifications of yesterday's your incoming editor of these carded and the North Star of methods may fall short of struc- "Effective Ways of Working" force-and-matter skids from its tural needs today. They are due asks readers to accept her as a course, many students hastily for a thorough overhauling. But comrade on the pilgrimage in infer that former religious and the fundamental plan of the quest of a Better Order. World- missionary sanctions are des- Master Builder is without a flaw. changes are rendering obsolete tined for the scrap heap. . many of our time-honored modes To this end your "Effective of missionary activity. The solu- It is true' that some old mo- Ways of W 0 r kin g" editor tions of the problems with which tivations for missions no longer prayerfully dedicates her space every mission field bristles are move the rank and file of the to the exploiting of programs yet in the making, and the need Church. The mainspring of and plans forged in the experifor constructive Christian think- benevolence has grown weaker, ence of successful workers. The ing is increasingly imperative; so that the missionary speaker talismanic password of the dethe writer therefore summons is often hard-pressed for a hand- par t men t is not "Why?" all good scouts to come forward, hold on the purse strings of his "What?" or "How?" but "Tested "staff in hand," to do their bit audience. But none of these Usag.e". Outstanding workers of exploring and experimenting. things need move us from our of various denominations have purposeful endeavor, if we can already pledged their help. If Our "field" is still "the world," sincerely dedicate ourselves to you have either programs or debut the field-glass has changed the service of world-humanity' vices that have motivated more into a kaleidoscope. Cyclonic because of our conviction that intelligent interest and giving in social changes at home; great the body of ideals incorporated any department of missionary tidal waves of rampant national- in Christianity constitutes the ism abroad; the leaders of a vast endeavor, send them along! people of 150,000,000 souls defi- [41 ] nitely committed to a propa- -E. S. A. ganda of atheism intended to undermine all religions, and "the

A Symposium for Program- January meeting passed out Y-oung people given Christian Makers daintily decorated cardboard training; bells, each bearing a letter of the There is no denying the im- inscription, "Happy New Year," E-ducation through mission- and an article attached to its ary reading; petus of fresh beginnings. Rid- back. The recipients came for- ward in proper rotation and A-ttendance and program icule notwithstanding, why not carried out the instructions. maintained at high standard; capitalize the current date and H called for the devotional R-ealization of these goals service from a Japanese key- t h r 0 ugh tireless, prayerful, crystallize its value in a set of note; united effort. activ.ated New Year's resolu- A was a poem-"Song of the Wheel", from Assam; The bells were suspended in tions calculated to make pro- rotation across the platform. P read a letter from a mis- Writing materials were passed gram-building more effective? sionary in India; and for the roll call each woman was asked to write her mission- The following points for a syn- P read a short article on the ary New Year's resolution. The work of an African missionary; slips were then collected, mixed thetic "resolution" have proved up and passed out again to be Y offered the prayer; read aloud, anonymously. The their worth in many churches in service closed with the singing N gave experiences of a mis- of "We Have Come to the End all departments of missionary of Another Year", set to the sionary family in China; tune of "A Perfect Day". endeavor: E read a brief article on work 3. Conserve Calendar Values 1. Be Systematic. During 20 in Russia; in Membership Recruiting. This W reported recent Philippine years' service as a methods sec- is most effectively done in Janu- news; ary, at the autumn rally, or at retary, the writer's mail has the opening of the fiscal year of Y sang a song-"Joy Bells"; the organization. The best way been flooded with requests for to enlist new members is to go E read the description of work after them. At a district meetmaterial recently exploited in a among American Indians; ing of the Methodist Woman's Home Mission Society, at Lakemagazine but which, alas! the A talked on social center side, Ohio, a number of tested work; recruiting methods were deinquirers had allowed to go the scribed. In one church, three R read a closing poem. women go at regular intervals to way of waste papers. If your the church office, make an alpha- Each successive participant betical list of all women in the new "Effective Ways of Work- hung her bell on a wire at the congregation not members of the front to form the missionary woman's society and assign the ing" editor is to be of maximum greeting of the day. names to the circle leaders in whose districts they live. Each service to readers, she would At the January meeting of the leader proceeds to distribute First Baptist Church, Warsaw, these names among her group of earnestly recommend Indiana, an acrostic incorpo- workers for intensive cultiva- rated the same initials, each tion. Those not successful in (a) Well indexed letter files letter being on a bell painted in landing their recruits return the silver on a red background. The names to their circle leaders and in which materials for all occa- letters represented a goal for the fresh assignments are made. sions are laid away ready to opening year in three-minute The largest returns were in- talks given by each recipient. variably found to be where the hand. most determined efforts had H-elpfulness in some line of been put forth. (b) Scrap books that are Christian service; . In another church, on one day neither methods "crazy quilts" A-Iways faithful in the serv- of each month there was ob- ices of the church; tained from the church secretary nor literary "hash" but are a list of all new people who had P-rayer for the work of the appeared in the congregation, classified repositories of real Kingdom; and assignments of responsi- bility were made as above. Retreasure-troves for program- P-articipation by systematic cipients of names phoned, called giving; and wrote notes giving urgent makers. invitations to the luncheon at the Y-ielding ourselves whole- (c) A series of pasteboard heartedly to Christ's service; boxes, duly labeled and listed, in N-umber of women enlisted in group Bible study increased; which are preserved not only E-vangelism majored in all clippings but bulky cut-outs, our work; year books from other organiza- W-iIlingness to perform as- tions, and source-material. signed tasks; (d) Note books to corral thoughts and suggestions from hither and yon.

(e) Card indexes and filing jackets, which are just as ef- fective in the King's Business as in the commercial world.

2. Be Timely. As stimulating to the mind as salad "greens" to the palate in spring is the pro- gram that just fits its calendar setting. If not available for thIS month, file the ensuing plans away for next year. .

A Bell Program for January In the woman's society of the First Baptist Church, Muskegon, Michigan, the leader of the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

next meeting of the society. The resented, and who has made a As the study progresses, an evewoman extending the invitation agreed to meet or call for her study of the people of that land ning is designated to each of the guest and act as her hostess at table. The effort must be fol- and of the missionary stations in eight groups on which to make lowed up in various ways to be 100 per cent successful. it, is prepared to explain its ex-· their report to the church, each Some women reported carry- hibits and to present its mission- in its own way with blackboards, ing large yellow stars in their handbags when out calling. ary aspects and needs. The maps and charts. One may pre- They inscribed on a point of the star the name of each new material necessary for the ex- sent it in dramatic fashion in woman they discovered and handed in the stars when thus hibit may be obtained from the the form of a meeting of the filled. For this they received some token of recognition from mission boards or from world board which it represents, and the society. travelers in the congregation or arguments pass to and fro 4. Resolve That the Best Is None Too Good for a Missionary neighborhood. The making of across the table. Missionaries Meeting. Work over missionary programs as hard as you would the models is a fine hand work may appear to plead their work for a club or for a "pay" entertainment; then the day is project for church school classes. causes. The varied claims of difdue to come when the sign, "Standing Room Only" will An automatic stereopticon in the ferent features of the work are greet all late comers to a missionary s e r vic e. "Faithful assembly room may display pic- disclosed-for example in the Traditionalists" take notice! tures of the missionary fields. case of missions, the evangel- A PASTOR'S METHODS After a supper, where the pur- istic, educational and medical. By Robert A. Ashworth, D. D., Editor of The Baptist pose and procedure of the eve- Another group may present an The trouble with the average ning are explained, the people original play incorporating the church, missionwise, is that the best members are so busy with visit the various rooms in lessons which it wishes to teach. their personal tasks that they have little time or energy to give groups. As each group appears, If a secretary of a board that is to real study of the missionary enterprise. It is a truism that the teacher explains the contents being considered can be present interest grows out of knowledge. It is the pastor's job somehow to of the room and the missionary to answer questions it is very arrest the attention of his thoughtful people for a suf- task and the opportunities in the desirable. The adequacy of the ficiently long period for them to look on all sides of the mission- country represented. presentations will differ with ary task. A more effective method is an the genius of the group, but you One of the methods which I have found fruitful is a mis- intensive study of the denomina- may depend upon it that, as a sionary exhibit. Each missionary country in which the church tional budget. Who determines result of this method, there will is at work is assigned a church school class room. On the walls it? "What justification is there be some who will have solved and tables are arranged curios, clothing, books, maps, pictures, for it? Where does our money the enigma of the budgets and models of missionary buildings -everything which can serve to go and why? will understand the difficulties make graphic the people and religions and work in the coun- Choose wisely a large group and the significance of the tasks tries to which the respective of men and women-fifty is not which they have assigned to rooms are devoted. too many if they can be secured. their denominational leaders.

Where possible a teacher clad Their officers divide them into "The Challenge of Change" in the costume of the land rep- committees, assigning to each a in America study of the budget of one de- nominational board. In our own A dramatic program based on case these are eight in number- the Home Mission Study Book- Foreign Missions, General and 'Vornen's; Home Missions, Gen- I. "Already we have 'a new eral and Women's; Publication earth,' but we cannot yet add, Society; Board of Education; 'wherein dwells righteousness.' "

Min i s t e r s and Missionaries Setting: Tea party with young Benefit Board; Board of Mis- women of yesterday, costumed sionary Coo per a t ion. Each as guests of the young women of group meets as often as neces- today. If desired, those on pro- sary to make their study of the gram may sit about a tea table subject assigned. It is extraor- and introduce the simple dia- dinary how a study of the logue and action of women tak- budget will open up every phase ing tea together, as they speak of the work. Much romance on the topics.

lurks in a budget. Questions are Program: 1. What We Were raised; doubts and criticisms, Thinking When I Was a Girl perhaps, are suggested; the diffi- (pp. 8-16). Emphasizes the con- culties and handicaps of the task trast between the conformity are revealed. Material is found and traditionalism of early days in the annual reports and de- and spirit of inquiry today. nominational year books. Sec- 2. How We Were Living When retaries are pleased to aid in. I Was a Girl (pp. 16-20). Em- such a project, either by corre- phasizes the material. contrasts spondence or personally. Spe- between the two periods.

cial investigations are assigned. 3. The Wealth of America

Today (pp. 20-27). "God and of our community lack the Church-Prophecies; (3) My the Census" (p. 126). ministry of the Church? Church. Divide those present 4. The Power of America To- III. "Good Samaritan Tales." into two groups, each with a day (pp. 27-32). . Setting: Picture of "The Good leader, for the discussion of such topics as "How can we vitalize 5. Devotional Period: Dia- Samaritan" visible to the audi- for Christ our membership logue taken from Rauschen- ence during the meeting. roll ?" busch's Parable (pp. 33, 34). Poster: "Two Sketches"-l. Discu..ssion: What would be an (If tea-party setting is used, The Good Samaritan, 30 A. D., ideal program of missionary the leader calls in, as a surprise binding up traveler's wounds. education in our church? Does feature, the Spirits of First and 2. Home Missions, as Good my church use the "cookie- Last Centuries, and lets their Samaritan, binding up society's cutter" method in religious edudialogue introduce the devo- wounds. cation? tional features of the service.) Topics: Modern Good Samari- VI. My Share in America's To- Theme: "Not by might nor by tan in guise of Home Missions morrow." power, but by my Spirit" (pp. introduces the various Samari- tans, personified, as mentioned Setting: A globe, illumined by 3-8; 32-35). in the text. an overhead light. Scripture: Gal. 5 :13-25. Hymns: "Lead on, 0 King Discussion Topics: Is my Poster: ~'Religion Is Caught- church training young people to Not Taught." Let the words, "I Eternal" ; "0 Beautiful, My help supply "adequate church am the Light of the World," Country". leadership?" Does my church have rays of light illuminating have responsibility tow a r d s an American woman. Let rays Prayer: That America may underprivileged groups in the of light emanating from the become more truly a nation community? woman make a pictured globe whose God is the Lord; that missionary wisdom and devotion may be increased; that material change may challenge us to new IV. "From Many, One." bright. spiritual victories. Setting: On table under an Topics: High lights of the Poster Suggestion: "Times arch of Christian Fellowship, chapter should be interspersed Change"-Young w 0 man in display dolls dressed in costumes with very practical discussion modern dress extending her of different lands. que s t ion s assigned to good hand of greeting to a woman in Poster: "From Diversity to speakers. an old-fashioned gown. Unity"-a heap of tangled Discussion: Why do so many Questions for Discussion: Has threads; a woven mat. of our causes fail to secure funds the Church adjusted itself to the Topics: (1) Impersonations necessary for maintenance or needs of changed America? Is by Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson enlargement? Why is the new the Twentieth Century growing (H. M. Congress Report, pp. 45- generation so largely un-won to in its appreciation of moral 50); (2) The West Indies (Re- the world mission of Chrisvalues? Is it true that Amer- port, pp. 42, 43) ; (3) The Spirit tianity? ican society is organized to "pro- of D i v e r sit y-"Competitive duce things rather than people, Drift," (pp. 120-123) ; all talks Note. The foregoing outlines, furnished by Claire Goodsill Chandler of Galesburg, Illinois, with out-put set up as a god?" should be interspersed with re- and here condensed to conserve space, may be expanded similarly to the first program, for (If tea-party dialogue is developed, this discussion may be plies by The Spirit of Unity use in any adult group of the local church. using the subject matter from Materials can be furnished by the various de- nominational Literature Bureaus, and supple- worked into a dialogue.) same texts. mented ably by articles in THE REVIEW from month to month. II. "What Is Happening to Discussion Topics: Are there Home Missions"-a question too many churches in my com- munity? If so, which ones THE WORLD'S RELIGIONS and answer meeting. should be absorbed? What The approximate numerical stand- Setting: Box containing num- agencies can help the Church in ings of the organized religions .of the bered questions with ribbons at- its problem of moral and tached, to be drawn from the world, according to recent statistics, spiritual leadership ? ("God and is as follows: the Census," chapter 4.) box in turn by those prepared to Roman Catholics. . . . . . .. 310,000,000 answer. Orthodox Catholics …. 120,000,000 Poster: "Questions and An- V. The Church-"Portraits and Protestants . . . . . . . . . . .. 200,000,000 swers"-a box from which issue Prophecies." Total Christians …. . 630,000,000 Jews …………….. . 15,000,000 the questions-What? When? Setting: Picture of the local church, perhaps with the Amer- Mohammedans …….. . 240,000,000 Where? How? Why? ican and Christian flags on Buddhists ………… . 130,000,000 Topics: Questions whose an- either side. Hindus …………… . 230,000,000 swers will cover the high lights of the chapter. Poster: "My Portrait-Would Confucianists, Taoists .. . 350,000,000 Discussion Topics: How do You Change It?" The picture Shintoists ………… . 35,000,000 of the local church. Animists …………. . 135,000,000 the churches of our community Miscellaneous ……… . 60,000,000 recognize the social implications Topics: (1) Today's Church- of Christianity? Does any part Port r a its; (2) Tomorrow's Total non-Christians .. 1,195,000,000 W omen"s Home and Foreign Bulletin HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST FORTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA A WAY AND A DAY One laddie, venturing nearer she heard the class repeating By Bessie Farrar Madsen than the others, greeted us with aloud! Did not Jairam help her such a friendly smile that we secretly! As much as he knows It was a rough road that lay held out to him a picture paper she knows also. She is different; between our village and the town saying, "Come see, here is the she is the only girl in the town that was seven miles away. It shadow of a little lad like your- who wants to read." led through thick tall jungles self." "Yes, all of us go to school, over the ups and downs of a hilly but the school books we know by country, and there were ruts and heart. Have we not read them rocks and stumps and stones in for two years? We passed but the frequent detours that were we did not go into higher necessary to avoid the washouts. classes; there were no books.

Sometimes there were rustlings Ah ! Where is the bookshop?

in the underbrush that induced Does not the school master have watchfulness. Nevertheless, we to send for them from afar?

found it a beautiful way. When oil and salt cost so much It was called a town, this place who has rupees to send for toward which we journeyed. It A READING CIRCLE IN INDIA books? Alas, how many couries was the capitol of the Zemindari, only one book costs."

and the Rajah held his court He looked at the picture with "My father used to read, but here. Here was also his palace, the Hindi script beneath it, then he has forgotten." "Mine too. a post office and police headquar- with a quick appraising glance When we stop going to school, in ters. It is true that there were into our eyes he turned, saying, a few years the learning leaves said to be only about two hun- "Wait, your honor, I go to call us. Reading nothing we forget." dred homes, huts built of mud, my sister," and running off he But Jairam had found a story with their walled-in courtyards, called to the other children, "Do among the books; he was readbut it was an important place in not fear; she is friendly; she ing it aloud. Forgetting every- body he read on and on and on, the district. Thinking that there has papers with shadows." must also be a school here, we The children drew nearer. Al- while the group nearest him inhad slipped into the tonga a box most immediately the little run- tent as himself, listened to every of books and papers. Who away returned with his sister, a word. knows but there may be an op- sweet shy child of about nine. Others were saying, "Let me portunity, though we are going "She also reads," he announced read." "Find me a story."

today chiefly to present our with pride. The children called "Please tell us what this is salaams to the Rajah's house- him J airam. He was evidently about." It seemed that we had hold; for we had recently come a leader among them. Many had but just begun, when there was to the neighborhood and this was gathered by this time and such a call from the bullock driver.

our first visit to the town. an audience! They proved to be Might he remind us that the sun The old bullocks took the road eager for stories, quick WIth was setting and they were say- at their own sweet will, creeping questions, ready with bright bits ing in the village that a tiger like snails up the hills and com- of information about the town had been seen on the road lately. ing down again with their and the new palace, about each "Yes, we are coming Garshakey, bumpy trot. Though we other and the school. riwan. Listen children, we must had started at sunrise it was "Yes, there is a boy's school in go now. The way is long and nearing noon when we reached the town. For many years it the bullocks are slow. See, the the travelers' bungalow at the has been here. We read as high picture papers are our gifts to center of the town. A group of as the fourth reader. Oh no, you. The books you may have children had gathered when we there is no girl's school. If there too for your own, but you must stepped from the tonga. They were, who would send girls to give one pice (a halfpenny) each stood at a little distance watch- school? How did Jairam's sister for them. So will you treasure ing, curious, and half afraid. It learn? Did she not sit in the them the more. Would you like was seldom that white travelers shadow of the schoolhouse wall to have them to read to your came. and say over and over the lessons fathers and mothers?"

[45 ] "This is mine," said J airam, of gods and goddesses. India is It is a place of tragedy. Time untying the knot in his waist- rich in her folklore. after time the call comes to band where his treasures were If her learned ones would Eaton, the town just across the kept and taking out the one pice gather the best of these and railroad track, "Come quickly! he possessed. write them in simple language Another girl has attempted "And this is mine," said an- for the villagers, they could all suicide!" Sometimes the doctor other, taking the hoarded treas- share in the beautiful things of gets there quickly enoughure from the little bag that hung their own legend and history. If sometimes not, for lysol acts around his neck. Others appealed someone would write accounts of speedily. Murder is not uncomto fathers or big brothers who the faithful friendships and mon in the colony. The bootby this time formed part of the noble heroisms that are being legger thrives. Children pilfer large audience. lived every day by some of these coal from nearby yards that it Soon there were no books left lowcastes and outcastes, there may be sold to the beet workers and yet some there were with would develop for them through- at ten cents a sack. Then with empty hands whose disappoint- out the country more of con- illgotten gains there are tickets ment we appeased by promising sideration and respect. If those for the "show" and candy and again and again to return bring- who have learned from the Great cigarettes. Marij uana brings ing more. We started home- Guru would write such stories moments of forgetfulness to the ward at dusk. Jairam with his of the loving kindness of the sodden weary worker, but it also little sister followed the tonga. Heavenly Father as He Himself brings wretchedness and re- We stopped. "You will not be told, the paralyzing fears that morse in its train.

following far," we admonished, haunt the village life of India The Mexican loves his chil- "it will be growing dark." would be driven out in time by dren, but under the influence of Then the little girl spoke. She thoughts of love and hope. this drug of the Indian hemp was away from the crowd now; If those who have means family even this basal love is she was no longer shy. Lifting would offer to print such stories forgotten. Just a few weeks ago her brown eyes, she said ear- in attractive form and in the the worker, a visiting teacher, nestly, "Doing us a great kind- good clear scripts of the prov- sent into the field by the Council ness you have come to our town. inces and enable them to be put of Women for Home Missions, Many strangers have come, but on the market for far less than was met with the announcement, you only have brought us books. the cost of printing so that the "We have of the nifios in our Till you come again we will re- poorest could buy, then these houses." The teacher investimain watching. Salaam." little ones could find food and re- gated. As usual neither doctor "God bless you children, freshment and have a better nor nurse had assisted the ad- chance to "grow in wisdom and vent of the newcomer. Baths Salaam. Salaam." Shall we ever forget those two in stature and in favor with God and care were an immediate and man." necessity. For two days she who followed the tonga out of served. The third she gave the the town to thank us for bring- The Christian Literature So- grandmother directions and left ing books? In our thoughts they ciety of India is working nobly the care of patient and child to stand for the thousands of little at this problem. It was this that her. The fourth day as she folks in the villages all over the enabled us to sell the stories for entered, the older child again land who have learned in the so small a sum, but the need is met her, breathless with excitevillage schools. Leading their great and funds so limited! All ment. "You will have of the cattle to pasture or following the who have lived among the vil- quickness to come. The baby it plough, they are thirsty for lages in India realize this need, is deaded!" Shivering with apstories, hungry for books. If, and are doing what they can. prehension lest the baths be perchance, in the weekly bazaar Still the little ones are longing blamed, the teacher entered the some traveling merchant has for books in every village where cabin. It was dead! The grandbooks among his wares they are there has been a school. mother, crazed by smoking the books for learned pundits, not BEETS AND BABIES vicious drug had been irritated for the humble tiller of the soil by the cry of the child and had and his sons. Yet these villagers By Adela J. Ballard dashed the tiny bundle to the are not wholly without resource, floor with such force that the for when the day's work is done In Ragtown, Colorado, the child died of internal inj uries and the household sits about the beet colony houses provide during the night. A neighbor smoldering fire in the courtyard, homes for some three hundred reported these circumstances to they tell over and over the souls. Not always the same the teacher. Apparently no one stories they have learned and . three hundred, for there is a paid any attention to the grandthose that have been handed constant shift in the population, mother's crazed and remorseful down for hundreds of years but always some of the families ravings. from father to son-stories of have a shadow of a right to claim birds and animals, of ghosts and to have a permanent residence Some spasmodic attempts had demons, of kings and councilors, in the town. been made to create a better en-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

vironment in this and neighbor- antagonistic. Purposely there to layout the aged granding colonies. A few faithful was no com m u nit y center mother; once it was a request to souls in the town of Eaton have opened. No Mexican will let any the teacher to sell a pair of emalways been the friends of the other human being freeze while broidered pillow slips that the beet worker. The school had at- he has a shack and a few coals wife might raise money to get tempted to have more regular of fire. So the doors were opened the husband out of jail. Somea t ten dan c e. A doctor had to the teacher. Soon changes times it is the struggle to perstruggled with the ignorance began to be noted in the colony suade a mother that onions will and superstition. But there the thinking. not absorb the poison from an inhabitants believed that most abscessed jaw or that "witching" illness came from "evil eye" Lessons were easier after an cannot possibly cause illness. spells and the rest was "air evening spent with the teacher. borne." To enforce sanitary Mothers found she could teach After six months of service all them how to say the troublesome agencies insisted the work must laws was difficult. English words. If a doctor left go on. Most emphatic has been the verdict of the school officials: In September of 1930 it was A TYPICAL "BEET FAMILY" "Never before have we had such decided to make one last attempt regular attendance from the to change conditions. At a meet- an order she could explain and East Side children, or so little ing of the Eaton Luncheon Club, demonstrate how it should be trouble with them. Ragtown is a business men's group, the carried out. The teacher's state- not hopeless ! We must go on." Western Supervisor of Migrant ment, "You do not have to wait As for Ragtown-their approval Work for the Council of Women until you are eight to go to is embarassingly wholehearted, for Home Missions suggested school; I can get you in for the for even a visiting teacher, howthe employment of a visiting good times right now," made ever earnest and friendly, cannot teacher for the period of one school sound like a privilege to accomplish all needful reforms, year-the Council to be re- strive for instead of a punish- but the towns on both sides of sponsible for salary and the com- ment to be evaded. Six-year- the track are working together munity for the expense account. olds began to be seen in the that more of the fullness of life This was decided upon and a school yard instead of in the may come to those who serve the committee appointed to serve in alleys of Ragtown. Not half so economic needs of the comadvisory capacity. This com- much coal was stolen or mischief munity. mittee had in its personnel rep- complained of after the clubs resentatives from the educa- were formed and the tiny two- SUGGESTIONS FOR tional, health, church, medical room cabin fitted up with a stove and club agencies. An executive and chairs. It was too much fun ADAPTING WORLD DAY OF of the Great Western Sugar cooking and playing games and Company was appointed chair- having dramatics. PRAYER PROGRAM man. The distrust died a natural For Senior or Intermediate death long ago. When the Groups Miss Velma McDowell of teacher's car enters the alleys of Greeley was appointed worker. the town the main difficulty is Use the program, "Hold Fast She was just completing her to proceed for each running in Prayer" and consider it as work for her Master's Degree at board sags with children; there six special calls to you. Greeley Teacher's College. A are calls from cabins. The re": major in sociology and a teach- quests are various and startling; Call to Worship (Sections ing experience in a mining com- it may be the bathing of a new 1-3) red; Call to Prayer (secmunity where the workers were born baby, or it may be a request tion 4) orange; Call to Gratilargely foreign speaking, made tude (section 5) yellow; Call her peculiarly fitted for this to Service (sections 8, 9) green; Call to Intelligence work. (sections 6, 7, 10, 11, 13) blue; Call to Responsibility (sec- Colorado laws demand that tions 12, 14-20) violet. children be in school by their eighth year. With the Mexican Six leaders may sit on the beet migrant the two years be- stage with a scarf or costume of tween six and eight are many one of the primary colors, each times the child's only hope of person leading that section of education; after that age the the program. Take your printed child is a financial asset to the leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer," parent and the laws are evaded number from 1 to 21 the sections only too successfully. Only given in bold type headings, as friendly persuasion was pos- Organ Music, Call to Worship, sible. The first weeks did little Hymn, Responsive Reading, etc. except form friendly contacts. Then follow these section num- The bootleggers distrusted; the bers as indicated above for the houses of ill fame were openly six leaders.

Let one person tell or read the And pray that other hearts tional University at Peking. story, "The Two Searchers," may pray. Today he occupies a prominent from Mar gar e t Eggleston's -Annie Johnson Flint. place in government counsels book, "Fireside Stories for Girls and in foreign affairs, including in Their 'Teens." A second per- * * >I< the League of Nations.

son follows, stating that others Sometimes we have the im- His father, a Christian pastor have taken up Peter's work and pression that our own country in the primitive village of Poa-a, introducing speakers who give has all the virtue of the world. was supported in his work by spotlights of work accomplished Therefore, it is very well at such the Reformed Church in Amerin the countries of sections 7, 10, a time as this to emphasize the ica through the Amoy mission. 11 and 13. These speakers could contributions of other races and He had six sons, of whom three impersonate native people in cos- peoples. Let striking personali- have been or are university protume. fessors and one is today an in- ties from various lands be pre- ternational influence. *** sented as contributing to the Christian mosaic of the world. Three strands of rope or crepe paper crushed in cord style may This could be connected with the So has the Christian missionbe shown by three persons. closing hymn and prayer in the ary stimulated the intellectual They explain that one is Prayer, leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer." life of China. The modernist movement in that land of 400,- the second Money, and the third By Mrs. F. A. Phillips 000,000 souls is a reflex of the Service. A fourth person comes and braids them, reciting the AMOY DECLARES A HUMAN missionary impulse. But by no means have all the minds opened following poem: DIVIDEND thus to Western culture followed Pray-Give-Go The tall American found him- through with Christian training, self under intense scrutiny from and the ultimate trend of Three things the Master hath the young Chinese seated op- China's new life is unpredictable to do posite at a recent Century Club today. dinner to the Commission of the And we who serve Him here League of Nations for study of China at this stage is a chal- below, educational conditions in China. lenge of the most inspiring sort to the faith and fighting spirit And long to see His kingdom Finally-"G 0 0 d eve n i n g. of Christianity-a challenge and come Don't you know me?" said his a priceless opportunity. vis-a-vis. May pray or give or go.

He needs them all-the open hand, "Your face-yes, but I can't A MISSIONARY PRAYER The willing feet, the praying attach the name. Just give my heart. memory a lift won't you please?" I go among unloving hearts: To work together and to replied the tall American. The Lord, go Thou with me there weave And let me breathe Thy love alway, A three-fold cord that shall response was a greeting in Just as I breathe the air. Amoy Chinese. not part. Let each day's hard and thankless task "Oh, now I have you. I knew Nor shall the giver count his your father well twenty-five Be temple-work for Thee, gift years ago," said the American. And every meal communion "Which one of his sons are you And a feast of love to me. As greater than the worker's and what in the world are you deed, May I through all the noisy streets Nor he in turn his service 'doing in New York?" In Thine own peace rejoice, boast "Lecturing at Columbia and And hear above the noise and strife Above the prayers that voice special research work," was the Thy Spirit's still small voice.

the need. reply in Harvard English. "I'm So shall Thy glowing love be lived the fifth son." Ev'n in the common place; Not all can go: not all can And hearts unloving feel the throb give, By this chance reunion Dr. Of Thy rich, seeking grace. Warnshuis picked up the threads To speed the message on its of a life that was in its early -WORLD COMRADES. way. childhood when he left Amoy. Its subsequent record has been THE WILL But young or old, or rich or a brilliant one. First prepar- poor, atory work in the missionary Lord, knowledge is not all I need; high school at Amoy, next a Nor yet a mind intent on truth; Or strong, or weak, we all can course at St. John's University, But strength within to do the deed- pray. The will! the will!

Pray that the gold filled hands may give, Shanghai, then post graduate For often when I know the way, And truth before my eyes is clear, To arm the others for the work at Harvard, and finally, Ashamed I reach the close of day. fray; two years at Leipzig, where he Give me the will. earned his doctor's degree. He That those who hear the call may go, became a professor in the Na- -F. J. MOORE. Peace Through Religion ican children to Filipino children of Nations, that small section of last year. As a result of this Africa is now in line for the The gen~ral unsettlement of project thousands of Filipino overthrow of slavery. economic and political conditions children are looking toward the has caused drastic changes in United States with the light of Among recent revelations is the plans of the American com- friendship in their eyes. the active Arab slave trade from mittee for holding the World Abyssinia into Arabia. A Ger- Conference for International According to the Committee man traveler confirms the report Peace Through Religion, ar- on World Friendship Among that slaves are still "conveyed in ranged for Washington, D. C., in Children, the results are fully large caravan parties and em- November, 1932. Dr. Henry A. as gratifying as those secured by barked secretly on ships for sale Atkinson, general secretary, an- the friendship projects to Japan in Arabia." It is estimated that nounces that this conference is in 1926-27 and to Mexico in 2,000 men and women are sold to be distinctly American. Co- 1928.. Practically every class in every year and that hundreds of operative committees have been every public school received one slaves, especially women, are organized in nearly all large of the 28,000 chests, which the smuggled yearly and sold on the countries. In the Far East the teacher is to keep on her desk eastern side of the Red Sea. movement has made rapid for school papers, while the strides, especially in Japan. 750,000 separate articles in the Active leadership in the anti- chests were distributed to the slavery campaign is found in Dr. Atkinson states that ar- children. England, where for many years rangements have been made for the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines a great mass meeting, represent- Arrangements have been made Protection Society has kept ing nearly all the world reli- for cooperation with Colonel watch of the rights and interests gions, to be held in Geneva in Roosevelt's Porto Rico Child- of native populations in all parts February on the eve of the Feeding Com mit tee during of the world. Disarmament Conference, and March, April and May. Friendchurches throughout the world ship Treasure Chests were the Broadcast to Missionaries will be asked to hold interde- goodwill symbol. Each chest connominational services during the tained articles for school use, Broadcasting station KDKA of winter and send disarmament toys for boys and girls, friend- Pittsburgh is giving the leaders pleas to Geneva. ship letters, and in addition a of the Presbyterian Church, card indicating how many hot U.S.A., an opportunity to broad- The six joint presidents of the lunches were provided by the cast a monthly message to their movement are: Dr. S. Parkes sending group at five cents a missionaries in foreign lands. Cadman, representing American lunch. The time set is each third Satur- Protestants; Dr. Alfred Ein- day evening of the month-up to stein, representing the Jewish Slavery Still Exists March-ll :15 eastern time. The group; Msgr. Ignaz Seipel, min- Presbyterian Church is at work ister of foreign affairs of Aus- Few realize to what an appall- in more fields than any other tria, representing the Catholic ing extent this evil still curses church in the world. group; the Lord Bishop of Liv- the race. It is estimated that erpool, representing the Angli- there are today about 5,000,000 Christian Work for Asiatic cans; Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, slaves in various lands. Disclos- Farmers representing the sects of India; ure of frightful conditions in and Baron Sakatani, member of Liberia last December resulted The visit of Dr. Kenyon L. in the American Secretary of Butterfield to Japan, Korea, the Japanese House of Peers, State informing the Liberian China and the Philippine Islands government that unless the has been most timely. In these representing the Japanese reli- "shocking suppression of na- countries interest in rural work tives" which is "scarcely distin- has greatly increased in recent gions. guishable from slave raiding and years. In Korea, where special slave trading" be abolished, the classes for farmers are being World Friendship Through "friendly feeling which the organized, Dr. Butterfield con- Children American government and peo.,. ferred with the leaders and shared in the training confer- "A half – million sun – tanned pIe have entertained for Libe- ences. The Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the little faces were wreathed in ria" will be alienated. With Five-Year Movement in China smiles by the presents which added pressure from the League came forth from the 28,000 Friendship Chests" from Amer- [49] both lay much emphasis on ef- fession days in the Sunday gregations worshipping in halls forts to reach the country peo- school. and missions. There are about ple. In the vicinity of Paoting- c. By observing the "Home 400,000 Jews with a religious fu, where the Mass Education Vis ita t ion Evangelism" life highly developed.

Movement under the leadership plan. Continuation in Home Missions of Dr. James Yen and the Liter- d. By holding special evanary Movement of the Churches "There has never been a time have centered their experimen- gelistic m e e tin g s 0 r when the nation needed the intal work, the results achieved preaching missions. spiration and guidance of a comare so successful that people in pelling religious faith more than all parts of China are beginning 3. Conserving Evangelical Re- in the present hour; never a to imitate the methods adopted sults. time when America was in there. Mr. Hubbard, the Ameri- a. By organizing and con- greater need of that spiritual can Board missionary in Pao- ducting a class, one night quality which the churches can, ting-fu, reports that in five each week for a period of if they will, contribute to the life years 29,999 persons have been six weeks, composed of of the nation. enrolled in reading classes, over new members. 7,000 have obtained a diploma of b. By following the members "If, however, the church is to literacy. The church member- who move. be the moral guide of all the ship shows a net increase of 70 c. By integrating the new people, then the various commu- membership into the active nions must heal their divisions, per cent. life of the Church. combine their resources and During the first half of Janu- d. By participation in weekly unite their forces in a construc- giving. tive, cooperative effort to meet aryan institute for country pI"esent-day needs." Such was workers will be held in the Can- 4. Helping the Pastor. the conviction of those who ton area. Then Dr. Butterfield a. In his evangelistic reading. spoke at the Continuation Conwill spend four weeks in the b. In his evangelistic preach- ference of the North American Philippines. From the middle of ing. Home Missions Congress which April to the middle of July he c. In his pastoral work- met in Cincinnati November 9 will be in Japan, where a strong shepherding. committee has arranged to have and 10. a Japanese leader and a mission- Evangelistic Drive for 50,000 This was the first of a series ary accompany him throughout the whole of his stay. Protestant churches of Chi- of "continuation conferences" to cago have entered upon an evan- be held in different parts of the gelistic drive for 50,000 new United States as a follow-up to NORTH AMERICA members which will culminate the North American Home Mis- Plans for Evangelism at Easter. The first meeting of sions Congress held in Washing- this drive was held September ton last year.

A suggested program for the 28. No important phase of mis- year to strengthen evangelism Nearly 600 clergymen repre- sion activity was overlooked.

throughout the churches sug- senting a score of different de- Past failures and present oppor- gests the following essential fea- nominations are engaged in the tunities were presented. The tures: campaign, assisted by leading church has a very definite re- 1. The Deepening of the Spirit- members of their churches. The sponsibility for the immigrant, whole is being directed by Dr. the mountain folk, the Negro, ual Life. Asa J. Ferry, pastor of Edge- the rural sections and cities. a. By enrichment of public water Presbyterian Church and chairman of the Chicago Church But one conviction seemed to worship. Federation's Commission on outweigh all others, namely that b. By more loyal church at- Evangelism. whatever the virtues of denomi- nationalism in the past, it is to- tendance. The recent survey by Dr. H. day hindering the work of the c. By daily devotions. Paul Douglass is quoted to show Church. Churches cost the peo- that there are approximately ple too much because of the The Commission on Evan- tremendous overhead brought gelism is making available 1,800 churches in the area and about by competition. Intelligent to the churches a series of that out of the population of cooperation would go a long way daily devotions from Janu- 3,500,000 in metropolitan Chi- to increase the usefulness of the ary first to Pentecost, May cago, the churches have more than 3,000,000 members. Of Church. 15. these about 2,500,000 are equally The Continuation Conferences d. By placing religious maga- divided between the Catholics will begin this year's series at zines and other Christian literature in the homes.

2. The Winning of Others to and Protestants, the Catholics Indianapolis on January 18th.

Christ. having 380 churches for their Other conferences will be held a. By pas tor s' instruction 1,250,000 adherents and the at Seattle, Portland, Oakland, classes. Pro t est ant shaving 1,300 Berkeley, San Francisco, Los b. By holding decision or con- churches, with numerous con- Angeles and Denver.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Need Among Coal Miners sions at the Sixth Methodist board, the present status, and The Federal Children's Bu- Ecumenical Conference which the outlook for the future. The reau announces that about 25,- ended its session in Atlanta, figure adopted represents a re- 000 children will have to be fed Georgia, on October 25. Delein the soft coal areas of VVest gates from all parts of the coun- duction of close to five per cent Virginia and Kentucky this try attended. A delegation of u,nder the budget of appropriawinter. 60 or more came from Great Britain. tIons for the current year, or The American Friends Serv- about $200,000. ice Committee (Quakers) have The conference went on recundertaken this task and the ord strongly declaring that the Members of the staff of the Federal Council of Churches of Church should educate for peace, Presbyterian Board of National Christ in America is cooperat- that it should talk peace, should Missions are joining in making ing in the raising of necessary think peace and declared, "VVar funds, food and clothing. A must go or civilization goes." sacrificial gifts from their salanumber of relief stations have already been opened. VVeighing The occasion breathed the ries to the work of the board. the children reveals alarming spirit of brotherhood which expercentages of undernourish- ists in the various branches of Those who have united in this ment. Methodism t h r 0 ugh 0 u t the sacrificial giving include both w 0 1'1 d, numbering 12,000,000 Reports from field workers members and 30,000,000 con- the executive and the clerical tell of the desperate need for stituents, possessing 100,000 clothing. Mothers have made churches and owning $2,000,- staff at headquarters and presclothes for children from flour 000,000 worth of property. byterial and synodical execusacks. Many children are unable tives. to go to school because they have Prayer sessions of the convennot sufficient clothing. tion were an impressive feature. A Woman Pastor in Alaska The adults are also facing Valdez, a town on the coast of starvation unless aid comes. Alaska, has enjoyed some ups The present extreme distress of miners in the bituminous coal and several downs. In 1914 its industry comes from overexpansion of the industry, shrinkage population climbed to 2,100 peoin the market, and oversupply of labor, which have thrown ap- ple, who were attracted by copproximately 100,000 miners out of work. New means of making Protestant Episcopal Growth per mining and salmon cfaismhein~g a living must be found for these but by the time the VVar men and their families and they Alexander B. Andrews, of must have a way to live during its close only 350 were left. Tothe transition period. Raleigh, North Carolina, has put day there are 400 people in the The Federal Children's Bureau into figures the various activiand the President's Committee place, which is ninety miles on Employment turned to the ties of the Protestant Episcopal American Friends Service Com- from the next town. Many of mittee, which, because of their Church in the United States for experience in Europe and in the sea l' e Norwegians and scenes of industrial strife at the fifty years 1881-1930, incluhome, are especially well quali- Swedes, who do not object to fied to engineer this program. sive. The following table reveals cold weather and long winters. Gifts of clothing, food and the growth of the Church by money may be sent to the Amer- A Congregational church was ican Friends Service Committee decades: for Miners, 1515 Cherry Street, organized in 1900 and a building Commu- erected two years later. This Year Clergy nicants has continued to be the only per- 1881 …… " 3,369 344,580 1891 . . . . . . " 4,163 535,573 manent religious organization in 1901. . . . . . .. 5,011 751,156 1911. . . . . . .. 5,543 963,097 the community. Recent years 1921. . . . . . .. 5,987 1,104,029 1930. . . . . . .. 6,290 1,287,431 have brought a high school, a weekly visit from a boat, and an occasional airplane. The present pastor is a woman, Mrs. E. E.

VVhile some years have been Striegel. A member of the slow, the progress of the Church has been continuously upward. church who is now in the States More encouraging than the is showing his loyalty by raising growth in membership even is that in contributions. These the money for a new roof for the have risen from $6,539,927.69 in 1876 to $45,944,896.82 in 1930. building.

National Missions Cuts Budget LATIN AMERICA Of the ten governments in South American countries seven have been changed by revolu- Philadelphia, Pa. (Concerning A budget of appropriations tionary process, the administrafood shipments write to 20 for the year 1932-1933 amount- tions of two of them have been South Twelfth Street, Phila- ing to $3,915,000 was approved altered without revolution, but delphia.) by the Presbyterian Board of by action of the electorate which The Methodist Ecumenical National Missions at its semi- was almost revolutionary in Convention annual meeting held in Ashe- character. Of the heads of the ville, North Carolina, October 28 States with whom President Important pronouncements on and 29. Action on the budget Hoover conferred before his ininternational and church ques- followed a thorough review of auguration in 1928, not a single tions were made during the ses- the financial history of the one is now in office. Such facts

indicate the strain and difficulty The creation of these colonies In two years and a half reof the problems which the South and agricultural centers will quests for literature numbered American countries, together bring to the door of the evan- 842, from 120 cities and villages with other nations of the world, gelical churches new fields of in seven states. Of these 162 have been facing, and we will opportunity. The church should joined the reading club and read hope and pray that the coming be ready to furnish religious in- over 400 books. year will bring larger measures struction for the children of of order, freedom and pros- these communities and to aid EUROPE perity. them in the establishment of permanent religious centers. A British Crisis Disturbs Churches New Bishop for Mexico large percentage of the families who will avail themselves of The financial crisis is disturb- The new suffragan bishop of these opportunities will be mem- ing the work of the churches in Mexico, the Right Rev. Efrain bers of the evangelical churches. many ways, some of them quite Salinas, on Sunday, October 25, From the very beginning of the unexpected. The Foreign Miswas inducted into office and con- work in Puerto Rico the rural si(')nary Committee of the Wesfirmed his first class, five girls districts have been deeply inter- 1eyan Methodist Church decided from Hooker School. The long ested in the Gospel and the on reductions in the salaries service, all in Spanish, was held strongest influences for the both of the office staff in London in the Church of San Jose de church have come from the and of the missionaries on the Gracia in Mexico City. Bishop country. field. It was said to be quite Salinas has been assigned the impossible to estimate as yet the oversight of all the Mexican mis- Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil effect of the departure from the sions of the Protestant Episco- gold standard upon the income pal Church. Peter G. Baker, superintend- and expenditures of the Mission- ent of Collegio Americano, ary Society, but it was certain Hard Times in Guatemala Bahia City, Brazil, has been a that great fluctuations in ex- leader in bringing the Christian change would be felt, especially There are hard times in Gua- message to the influential classes in China. The hope was extemala as in other places. The in Latin America. For some pressed that the present ecolow price of coffee, the principal time he found it difficult to reach nomic distress would not be export crop of Guatemala, is one or interest them. allowed to dry up the spring of of the principal causes, though liberality at home. there are others, of course. But "Small advertisements," the fact is, there are many with- writes Mr. Baker, "were placed – The Churchman. out employment amI business is in the daily papers announcing worse than at a standstill. that Christian literature would Indian Visit of Christian be sent free to anyone who Friendship In spite of the lack of work would send his name and adand low wages, the congregation dress. Upon receipt of the re- A preliminary meeting was has kept on giving loyally to the quest for literature a package held recently by the Conference Lord's work out of their pov- of tracts was sent, accompanied of British Missionary Societies erty. Four home missionaries by a letter offering the reader in connection with an invitation are sustained each month in the privilege of becoming a which has been sent to the country districts besides the member of a Reading Club with Christian Church in India to large work done at home. Lib- the right to borrow books from send some of its members on a eral contributions are made for the circulating library. Among visit of Christian friendship to the poor and sick, also. Truly, the books listed were the Bible, Great Britain in the autumn of hard times often show up the New Testament, biographies, next year. Emphasis was laid real character of those who have books for Bible study, books of on the fact that the purpose of professed Christ. sermons or articles on religious the visit of four or five Indian subjects, and stories which teach Christians, under the leadership, -Presbyterian Mission. great moral truths or point to it is expected, of Dr. Azariah, Christ. A club member could Bishop of Dornakal, was that Evangelism and Puerto Rican keep a book for one month and these members of one of the Farmers then return it at his own ex- younger Christian Churches in pense. When a club member had the East, should share with the Eight hundred and fifty farms read four or five books and rank and file of the churches in have been assigned during the shown interest a letter was sent England their own Christian exlast year to small owners and to him asking if he desired to perience, and thus stimulate the two hundred and thirty homes accept Christ and prepare him- spiritual life in Great Britain. to laborers. The government self for membership in the evanhas also contracted for 10,208 gelical church. A decision card The traveling expenses of the acres of land that will be actual- accompanied the letter, which visitors is being raised by the ly purchased as soon as money he could sign and return." Indian Christian churches themis available. The project calls selves. The imagination of these for the division of this estate churches has been extraordiinto 2,176 small farms. narily stirred by the scheme.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Spain's New Charter speaking people from Poland, United States where they have Ukrainia and the Border States acquired money, education, and The Constitutional Cortes of there are approximately one mil- have been converted to Protest- Republican Spain adopted its lion of these people in France. antism. It is estimated that new Constitution on December Twelve Protestant missionaries there are now 200,000 evanfirst. It is a unique document have regular Russian meetings gelicals in a total population of designed to transform a feudai in fifteen centres. The majority 43,000,000. monarchy into a progressive of the refugees belong to the modern state. educated upper classes. An Twice in six months the Pope evangelical church has been es- has protested that "the Lateran The document includes equal tablished with about 100 mem- Treaty and Concordat are being suffrage for men and women bers and the work is growing. infringed by non-Catholic and over twenty-three, equality of Last year the missionaries made anti-Catholic proselytizing in both sexes, a single-chambered Italy and especially in Rome." Parliament, property laws mak- about 850 visits outside their He further complains that Proing possible the nationalization centres and distributed some testant proselytizing has not of property and essential indus- 100,000 Russian Gospels and ceased since 1870, but grows tries, divorce by mutual consent, tracts and over 1,700 Russian greater, "with offence to the and the equality of legitimate Bibles and New Testaments divine founder of the Catholic and illegitimate children. were sold or given away. Church and harmful effect upon men's souls." The Constitution disestab- Dr. George Hunter of Long lishes the Catholic Church as the Beach, California, writes of his -Alliance Weekly. state religion and declares Spain visits to the Russian refugees in to be a "secular" state. Paris: "In the large congrega- A City "Without God"

The Cortes not only voted to tion of Russians at the mission Unable to destroy religion and terminate the age-old union of hall of Rev. George Urban were the Christian Church effectively church and state but to cease Russian officers' wives, and for- where it has once flourished, the paying priests from public mer generals' widows, and my "'Society of the Godless," with funds, to take ov,er control of most attentive listener seemed to the official backing of Soviet education, to expel any religious be the Bishop of the Russian authorities, will build in Russia, orders which did not comply Orthodox Church." in the vicinity of Nischni-Novwith certain regulations-this gorod, an entirely new city for clause was aimed at the Jesuits George Urban, the superin- about 30,000 laborers in which -and to seize church property tendent of the Russian Gospel there is to be no trace of reliunder certain circumstances. Movement, has visited the Rus- gious life. The city is to consist The Vatican protested against sians in Marseilles, the French of forty immense communal these articles, but took no Riviera, Lyon and Savoie, and houses, according to the Posener further action, announcing that found a number of earnest Z eitungsdienst, equipped with it would wait and see how the seekers, including a baroness club rooms, lecture halls, motion articles were enforced before with her nephew. pictures, gymnasiums, libraries undertaking to exert any greater and dining rooms. On each floor pressure on the new republic. Professor John Neprash, a there is to be an information A few clerics as individuals at- well known Russian evangelical table for answering questions tempted to stir up the people leader, the representative in about the non-religious life. Two against these articles but they America of the All-Russian Bap- periodicals, The Godless and The were expelled or jailed. tist Union, recently conducted a Godless at the Work Bench, are fruitful twelve days campaign to be distributed freely. In the The Cortes also antagonized in the Russian Gospel hall at meeting rooms a member of the the church by providing for di- "Salle Pleyel," in Paris. Society of the Godless is to be in vorce and taking jurisdiction attendance at all times for antiover martial affairs out of the Protestant Status in Italy religious consultation. Anti-relihands of ecclesiastical courts. gious lectures and classes are to A summary of Protestantism be presented every fifth day. Another clause provides for in Italy shows that the Waldenseizure of the great estates to be sians have 150 parishes and sta- AFRICA divided among the peasants. tions. English Anglicans and Church dignitaries criticized Presbyterians have churches In a Moslem Stronghold this article as bearing especially wherever there may be a British heavily on the church. colony. German Lutherans and Dr. R. H. Bland, working in French Calvinists also have es- Omdurman for the Church Mis- Gospel for Russians in France tablished churches. The Bap- sionary Society, says that years tists, Methodist Episcopal, and of modern education seem to The Russian Gospel Move- Wesleyan Methodist have serv- have brought to the Sudanese ment, an independent "Faith ices in Italian, the pastors but little realization of his duty Mission," works among the hun- mostly Italian. Many of th·e to his neighbor. The "man of dreds of thousands of Russian Protestant churches in Southern means" who hires a taxi to drive refugees in France and Belgium. Italy have been established by Together with other Russian- emigrants returning from the

to the mission hospital still shuts their 75,000 children and in gen- and he was conducted to the up his daughters at the age of eral upon this manifestation of sanatorium by another of the eight or nine to marry them, at the gesta Dei per Francos. A sheikhs of the Mosque of llaska a price, a few years later to hus- little book on "The Creative at Jerusalem in a miserable state bands they know nothing of and Work of French Protestant Mis- of health. After ten months'

have never seen. The govern- sions in South Africa" has been stay he is already in excellent ment clerk who wears a neat written by the French Consul- condition and will once more white shirt and European shoes, General in London, M. Goirand, take up his post in the Mosque probably living in a brick house who was formerly French Con- of Omar.

with electric light and telephone, sul at Johannesburg, where he Sheikh 11 Ansary and the still provides only a little mud came in contact with the French Chief Sheikh of the Mosque and room at the back for his women- missionaries among the Basuto. the key keeper of the Church of folk. Workers in hospitals and Catholic by birth, M. Goirand the Holy Sepulchre recently vis- schools are trying to show the was entirely unaware of Prot- ited the sanatorium.

Sudanese the Gospel of love estant mission work until he Another interesting case is through Jesus Christ. At this came upon these missions in that of 'Sheikh Ali, the son of mission hospital in Omdurman South Africa. He was so amazed Sheikh Mirza, the most famous some 3,500 patients are treated at what he saw that he obtained and m 0 s t important Shiite every month. authorization from the Ministry sheikh in the world. He came Revival in East Africa of Foreign Affairs to pay this from Persia accompanied by two other great ones and was led to A revival broke out recently public tribute to a work little Dr. Nucho's house by Sheikh among the native Christian known to the French people in Abd-ul-Hussein, who is in turn groups in Portuguese East Afri- general. Recently a Roman Cath- the leading 'Shiite sheikh in ca, led entirely by native speak- olic, Fellow of the University of Syria. France, on a traveling scholarers but watched by the missionaries with earnest interest. Miss ship in Asia and Africa, paid his All the Shiites in the world Craig of the American Board tribute to this mission in the will be grateful to the Presbytetells of two boys starting off on form of a lecture on Protestant rian Mission for the existence of missions among the Basuto, de- the Hamlin Memorial Sanatoan evangelistic trip through livered before the Association of rium when Sheikh Ali leaves in wild country, with buffalo and French Geographers. leopards abounding, speaking perfect health by next summer with the people they meet on the -South African Outlook. and returns to his father Sheikh Mirza in the land of Persia. way or in the kraals. At the end WESTERN ASIA -Dr. N. Nucho. of the month these lads had Freedom in Turkey Turning to Christ in Persia talked with 1,338 people, and at least thirty-five declared they A good many despotic rulers A young Persian who was would turn from their sins and at one time and another have about to leave his home in Ham- sensed a relationship between adan to labor in the oil fields of follow Christ. "Fifty new members also Christianity and the itch for po- the south, told a Presbyterian joined the Church at a great litical liberty. Even the modern missionary he had not yet made service in Angola," writes Miss Turk seems to have discovered up his mind whether to remain Florence Malcolm of the Ameri- the same truth. L. Levonian a Moslem or become a Christian. can Board. "The week previous, writes: "In a book recently The missionary suggested that the villagers came from all di- translated and published in he take with him a Koran and a rections carrying their goods on Istanbul by an eminent Turk- Gospel, read a little of each their heads – a sleeping mat, a ish writer I saw these lines: every day and pray God to guide basket of meal and cooking uten- 'Nations following the laws of him to the truth. Not long after, sils. Sunday afternoon the cor- Brahma, Buddha and Moham- the Persian wrote from the oil nerstone of the new hospital was med have learned nothing but fields that he had found the laid, and Dr. Cushman and her despotism. Modern liberty is the truth and wanted to be baptized. assistants will soon have an ade- fruit lot the Gospel.' Think of a There is an increasing demand quate building and equipment to Moslem translating and publish- for the services of nurses who have studied at the Nurses' carryon their splendid work." ing these things !" Training School at Tabriz. The French Missions Honored Famous Shiekhs at a Mission school is a mission institution The Academie Francaise has Sheikh Yusuf, of the Sunni and prepares nurses for both awarded to the Society of Evan- Moslem sect, came to the Hamlin private work and for other mis- gelical Missions the Prix de . Mission Hospital in Syria from sion hospitals.

Vertu and a gift of ten thousand the most famous and most holy Fiske Seminary for Girls at francs. M. Barthou, in making place in the Moslem world next Rezaieh reports that for the first the award, dwelt on the devotion to Mecca itself. Being a sheikh time in the history of the school of the missionaries, the martyr- did not save him from becoming more Moslem students than doms, the 1,300 schools with a victim of the "white plague," Christians enrolled.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON have identified themselves with the suggestion that Dr. Kagawa the masses in the national strug- shoul~ be invited to come to India for Christian Minorities gle for independence. At the a serIes of evangelistic meetings· the same time non-Christians realize splendid ex;ample of Burma and, a:bove The Christians in India form the peculiar position in which a~l, t~e :VIdespread feeling that the one of the minority communi- Indian Christians are placed in tIme IS rIpe for a united endeavor to ties. Five million are not very their relationship to foreign mis- carry the evangel with all the weight many alongside of three hun- sions, and they recognize that of the Christian resources of the dred and fifty million, but the the vast majority of them are Council to the mind and heart of engaged in nation-building ac- Indi:,. The Committee was one in retwo large communities in India tivities. The time is now come solvmg that elaborate organization have acknowledged the right of for making it clear to the coun- should be avoided and that reliance the Christians in India to both try and to the Indian Christians from first to last must be upon God. speak and be heard. ~uch has themselves what the rightful A~o~g the beaten track of prayer, the been said regarding the safe- place of the Indian followers of mmIstry; o.f th~ word, the living of guards necessary to guarantee Jesus Christ should be in the the ChrIstIan hfe, the expression of to the various minorities the en- new India that is in the making. th~ C?ristian spirit, the fearless apjoyment of their ordinary rights The lead of the National Chris- pl!cat~on of the Christian epic, the under a national government. tian Council in this matter will wIdenmg range of fellowship and the VVe have never considered such be very opportune. adventure of faith, the steps of the safeguards necessary. VVhatever Son of God are most likely to be may be said for or against safe- -Po O. Philip. found and the authentic voice of His guarding financial interest or in- Spirit most clearly heard. . . . ternational relationships, we feel Shall Christianity Be . The first step should be to seek the that no service can be rendered Nationalized? mterest and cooperation of all the India by attempting, in a writ- Christian forces. The whole line must ten constitution, to safeguard Mr. Jamaluddin, principal of advance. To this end the help of the rights of any group within the Boys' High School in Jullun- church and mission councils, Christian India itself. VVe believe the pro- dur, a station manned entirely colleg~s, 9hristian journals, laymen's nouncement of many Christian by Indians, voices the plea that orgamzatIOns and mterdenominationbodies on this subject as not de- India needs not a westernized al societies should be invited. siring any specific safeguards, is Christ: a favorable omen. VVhen all is The movement must reach all secsaid and done, conditions in the "As the Gospel was first tions of the community. It is there- India of the future must rest preached in the Orient by VVest- fore imperative that an endeavor be with the citizens of this land, ern missionaries, it was perhaps made not only to preach the Christian and we believe further that the inevitable that Christ should message but to bring its principles to legitimate rights and interests come first in VVestern dress, es- bear on rural, industrial, social and of any minority will be perfectly pecially since Indian pantheism, other problems. . . . secure in the keeping of the ma- Indian formalism and Indian jority groups. idolatry could not easily be util- The place of prayer must be funda- ized for Christian thought or mental. . . . The movement calls -The Indian Witness. Christian worship. Paul and for a deepening of spiritual life. It other leaders of the New Testa- is therefore urged that retreats and ,Religious Liberty ment indicate that Christianity, conferences, particularly in the inter- which is a universal religion, ests of pastors, should be held wher- In view of the important issues will adapt itself to special na- ever possible. raised about the right of foreign tional characteristics in every missionaries to carryon their nation without setting up a sep- The fullest possible use should be activities, it is gratifying to arate national form in any." made of Christian literature. learn that the National Christian Council of India has appointed A Call to Evangelism The Committee calls upon its brethan influential committee to study ren everywhere to take up the minthe whole subject of religious The National Christian Coun- istryof intercession. liberty. This committee has been cil Review for June, 1931, recharged with the responsibility ports a deepening interest in the Indians Sending Out of preparing a statement mak- all-important matter of evangel- Missionaries ing clear what the place of the ism. At its meeting in April the Christian Church is in the life of subject had a central place.. The Secretary of the Internathe community and the service it tional ~issionary Council has is called upon to render in the Some of the relevant considerations India of today. There has been were: the resolution of the Central written to inquire if the Naa tendency among Indian Chris- Conference of the Methodist Episcopal tians to consider themselves as a Church inviting the Council to inau- tional Missionary Society of'Inspecial community like the Mos- gurate a forward movement in evangelems and to demand special priv- lism and pledging cooperation; the dia would cooperate in a scheme ileges and safeguards. Very few Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the similar movement in China; of missionary work for Indian settlers in Kenya and Uganda in East Africa. A doctor full of evangelistic zeal has already of- fered her full-time service to help these Indians. She is very anxious that alongside of her ministrations there should be established work by two Indian Christian missionaries in the places mentioned above. A group of friends deeply interested in this proposal are prepared to find £300 per year to help Indian

missionaries to go and work of the Brethren, and the Society cause it is necessary to present a there. Financially the Society of Friends. united front in non-Christian counmay not be able to subsidize this tries. undertaking, but the scheme ap- It was agreed that negotiapeals to us very much, as the t ion s for a comprehensive "Burma for Christ" Movement time has come for the Christians church union in Northern India of India to go out to other lands should proceed. In church polity The Burma Christian Council and share with them that have there should be congregational through its Evangelistic Comnot the "unsearchable riches of liberty in the life and activity of mittee has called the Church to the Gospel of Christ." Our com- the local church; responsibility a vision of God's purpose for mission is, "Go to all the world for government should vest in Burma. The movement, which and preach the Gospel to every synods or representative coun- was reported in our June num- cils, with clerical and lay mem- ber, is not meant to be a spascreature." bers; and there should be super- modic effort, but it calls for a intendents or bishops. Several fresh outlook which, begun in -National Missionary delegates emphasized the neces- penitence and prayer, continued Intelligencer. sity of avoiding the term "his- in faith and perseverance, shall toric episcopate." regenerate in the Church of To Begin Work in India Burma that spirit which thrills The conference thought that a through the pages of the Acts of The General Convention of the South India scheme in its pres- the Apostles. Protestant Episcopal Church at ent form was not quite adequate its recent meeting responded to to the needs of North India, but The bulletin of the movement, the call from India to open work desired a conference to consider which was inspired largely by in the 'Singareni area in the the principles to be adopted in the movements in China and Province of Hyderabad. This the formation of a united church Japan, mentions three general area comprises three counties for India. principles on which the movewith a population of about three ment ought to be based: hundred thousand people and is Meantime steps are being taken part of a vast rural area in the in the direction of a smaller 1. The "Burma for Christ" movedominions of the Nizam of Hy- union between the Methodist ment should work in and through the derabad. Bishop Azariah of Episcopal Church, the English Churches, extending to every Chris- Dornakal believes that a sepa- Baptist community, and the tian, and finally reaching the millions rate diocese can be erected in the United Church of Northern beyond. Nizam's dominions within a few India. years. The Singareni area is a 2. The movement is not a pugnaciregion in which both the Church Union in South India ous challenge to other religions, but of England and the American seeks to see God's Spirit leading them Methodists have been maintain- Last October there was held in on to fulfilment in Christ. ing mission work. In the interest of comity and consolidation, Vel1ore, South India, the general 3. The movement must be comprethe Methodists have withdrawn. hensive, seeking to touch all races, assembly of the South India working in all areas, employing vari- The Church in the Diocese of eties of method, and aiming at estab- Dornakal has for several years United Church, which is the re- lishing the Kingdom of God in all faced the danger of being over- relationships of life. whelmed by the number of peo- sult of a union between the Conple who have turned to it for gregational, Presbyterian and Stress is laid on the need for the fulfillment of their spiritual other non-episcopal churches of every Christian to catch the hopes and longings. There has South India. The negotiations vision of God's purpose, to be an not· been sufficient staff to pre- for church union, for which agent of that purpose, and to pare properly the many candi- South India has become famous, pray. dates for baptism and confirma- have been going on between this tion. United Church, the Anglican At the annual meeting of the Church and the Wesleyan Meth- Burma Christian Council (July Plans are in progress for se- odist Church. The retiring pres- 28th to 30th) the greater part curing American missionaries ident of the assembly, Mr. J. V. of the time was given to considand funds for the work. Chelliah, in his address said: eration of and planning for the movement. A letter from the North India Church Union It has been pointed out that Lam- secretary says: beth 1930 took a retrograde step and A Round Table Conference on went back on some of the fundamen- During the coming year we recom- Church Union was held at Delhi tal concessions made in 1920. Even mend that the emphasis be placed at which representatives were conceding the truth of this, it does upon deepening the spiritual lives of present from the Anglican not at all affect our position here. the Christians of Burma. There are Church, the United Church of The problem of union is much more signs that the Christian forces of the North India, the Methodist Epis- difficult to solve owing to the in- Province are beginning to focus upon copal and Wesleyan Churches, grained prejudices of centuries. We this task of evangelism. There is a the English Baptists, the Church should not wait till the churches in very general and hearty response…. the west make their adjustments. In the matter of union the initiative lies A Karen is joint secretary. We with the churches in the mission field, hope to see the whole thing more in- partly because there are fewer preju- digenous. We are very much en- dices to contend with, and partly be- couraged, and feel that the founda- tions are being laid strong, wide and deep, and that the response promises much for the future.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Government Request Mission in North Shansi in capital" of the radical govern- ment and a hotbed of anti-Chris- The Siamese government has which he said: ' tian agitation. asked the Presbyterian Mission to evangelize a certain section in "We Catholics have a greater eastern Siam. In reply the Siamese National Church' sent responsibility in China today A Chinese Pastor's Impressions its first missionary family to that t,erritory. With the evan- than ever before, because you Rev. Tom J ung, pastor of a gelist were two prominent Siamese pastors to help look over the Protestants have neglected your Chinese Presbyterian Church in situation. They camped in an open shed, but for a short time emphasis upon the saving power San Francisco, has visited China only, for the government officials invited them to stay at the Gov- of Jesus Christ, and you are so after more than 30 years conernor's house. The government at Bangkok had sent a telegram busily engaged in good works of tinuous residence in the United to the officials asking them to treat the Siamese missionaries education, social service, medical States. He tells some of his imwith all courtesy. relief and other activities, that pressions in The Missionary CHINA too few of you give full time to Messenger. A Challenging Statement the preaching of the Gospel of "When I arrived at my home Mr. L. M. Outerbridge honorary agricultural secretary of the Jesus." village I found my people all idol China International Famine Relief Commission, tells of a chal- Reject Registration of St. John's worshipers, and exceedingly sulenging statement made to him University by Chow Kwo Hsien, former perstitious. As I watched them Chinese envoy at Ottawa. Dur- The Chinese Nationalist goving eight years in America he ernment has refused to permit I felt as Paul in Athens when had sought the reason which St. John's University and Middle prompted the people of America School, Shanghai, to register he saw the city wholly given to to share Iiber,ally of their men and money with China's with a statement of Christian idolatry. One day I told the peonee.d in ~ducation, hospitals, purpose. After much study of socIal serVIce and famine re- the question of registration ple I wanted to tear down a Joss lief; for sending gifts to a Bishop Grayes of the Protestant land never seen is unknown in Episcopal Church, and the coun- Hou~e and build a library. Chinese history. He was satis- cil of advice had finally agreed fied that in America was a suffi- to the application, provided it Agamst some opposition this ciently large number of people contained the statement of motivated by the spirit of Christ Christian purpose and other was done. In this library I to have created a public mind, safeguards as laid down by the ready to share with others in National Council of the Church. placed the Bible and other Chrisneed. Said he: The application was accordingly sent in, but has now been re- tian literature. Now some of As Christians, you have accomplished jected, both because of this wonders in helping China solve her those Joss worshipers have beproblems, but you have failed to give statement and because the uni- China the dynamic power that enables versity includes a school of come God worshipers. your country to rise to our need. We theology. do not need your money as much as "Another day I called the peowe need this same spirit of Jesus Dr. F. L. Hawkes Pott, presiwhich has made your country great. dent of the university, reports ple together and said to th eymO~ You missionaries lean over backward that although no public an- 'How foolish and ignorant in being willing to hide your Christian Gospel if it is not welcomed, but nouncement was made of the en- are! You spend the money to until through your efforts the thought trance examinations, there were of China shall be permeated by the many applicants, with the result worship idols. Why do you not personality of Jesus, China will not that six hundred and two stube able to accomplish social reforms de,nts enrolled in the college and spend your money to educate for herself. mIddle school, an increase over the preceding year. your children?' Then I opened Mr. Outerbridge also tells of a conversation with the Father a school with 38 pupils. I Superior of a Belgian Catholic wished to show them that idols are useless things.

"The change I found in China was very great. China has im- proved very much, and I believe when the time comes China will become a Christian nation."

Need for Missionaries Two Baptisms in Hankow "The one thing that has struck me so far," writes an Two prominent young men, English missionary recently ar- returned students and now oc- rived in North China, "is the tremendous opportunity for mis- cupying important positions in sionades out here and the ter- Hankow, have recently been rible handicap we suffer through lack of numbers. Another half- baptized as Christians. One of dozen ministers would make all the diffeTence, as the work could these was Mr. Yang Chung then be better co-ordinated and much that is now done by cer- Chen, prominent banker, and tain men, because there is no one else to do it, could be handed the other was Mr. C. K. Hthu~ over to specialists, leaving the commissioner of finance of others free to get on with their Wuhan municipality. Both men own jobs.

sought baptism on their own "The present staff is really splendid and one can have noth- initiative. Less than five years ago Hankow was the "national

ing but admiration for the quiet has been accorded to the relief who is well known throughout way they set about their work, organizations. the empire. Morinaga's chocoften cut off completely from olates, candies and cakes are other foreigners. The Chinese Negotiations are in process to eaten by the children in Japan pastors also seem to be real secure credits or long-term loans and his advertisements flank spiritual men with a very high to meet the costs of colonization, every railway in the Far East. standard." as was done in the case of earlier He was a once a Christian but migrations of Mennonites and retired his faith to make a for- Russian Christian Refugees Lutherans to Canada and Brazil. tune. The recent death of his In the meantime, funds have wife brought Mr. Morinaga to a The evangelical refugees from been sent to the American Con- crisis, and he is now a familiar Russia who are now at Harbin, sul at Harbin so that the im- figure in Tokyo pulpits where he China, awaiting transportation mediate needs of the refugees speaks usually on the theme, to permanent homes in either may be met. "The chief of sinners, 1." He North or South America, con- has just given all his workers a sist of about 700 to 800 Men- JAPAN-CHOSEN copy of the New Testament. nonites, some 400 Lutherans, and smaller numbers of other Christians for Forty Years Japanese Christian Graphic creeds. Many of them have been living at Harbin for eigh- In the City Hall in Osaka, An innovation in Christian teen or nineteen months, sup- Japan, there was a gathering of publications is the newly anported by their denominational all Christians, and those who nounced Japanese Christian relief organizations, but the had been Christians for more Graphic, of which Rev. Michio large sum necessary to bring than forty years were asked to Kozaki, well known Tokyo them to America and give them stand; there were sixty-seven. pastor, is editor-in-chief. Suffia fresh start in life, has not been Sixteen had been Christians for cient printed matter is given to available. To date, the available fifty years or more. One of our explain and arouse interest in funds are not more than $20,000. churchmen was baptized fifty- various presentations of Chris- With $25,000 in hand it would six years ago. Bishop Naide, tianity at work in the world. be possible to charter a steamer the Bishop of Osaka, was bap- The first issue was of 25,000 and get the refugees out of the tized forty-five years ago. copies, 8 pages, and we are told danger zone, and thus give the it is to be monthly at an annual relief agencies time to raise the Protestant Christian Forces subscription rate of 25 cents, rest of the money, $150,000, es- special rates on quantity orders timated needed. Rev. Hiroshi Hatanaka in his for evangelistic purposes. address at the Congregational The agencies now at work meeting in Seattle gave some in- The New Korean are: the International Red teresting statistics concerning Cross, the Nansen Refugee Com- the Protestant Christian forces "Devotion, patience, sanitamission, the Central Bureau for at work in education and in tion, trust and hope are now the Relief of the E van gel i c a I church activities. There are 12 custom of the Koreans in con- Churches of Europe, the Ameri- Christian universities and col- trast to the utter waste of rice can Mennonite Central Relief leges for men; 11 for women; 18 and other products, disease, Committee, the Canadian Men- boys' high schools with 10,124 starvation of the days prior to nonite Relief Committee, the pupils, 36 girls' high schools the coming of the missionary. Lutheran World Convention and with 14,317 students; there are They are noted tithers, devoting the American Friends Service 2,000 teachers in these schools. daily the tenth of the rice for Committee. Christian kindergartens number the average day's meals. This 257 with 12,045 children. practice has installed in the The Chinese aut h 0 r i tie s Korean a desire to save; he is bethreatened to deport the Harbin Among government and other coming thrifty, industrious, law refugees back into Russia unless universities and colleges 144 abiding, and a real help in the measures were taken to get them have student Christian organiza- support of the church." away. Not only are the refugees tions. There are 116 institutions greatly in the way in the already for Christian social welfare -Mrs. Wm. B. Dickson in The much overcrowded city, but they work, and over 200 Christian pe- Presbyterian Advance. are embarrassing China's trade riodicals are published. The relations with the Soviet govern- number of Protestant churches Sowing by the Wayside ment, which looks with disfavor is 1,760; the number of Proteson this harboring of its "crim- tant Christians is 170,303; the Recently I he a r d from a inals" by a friendly power. total contributions for the year Korean pastor the following Through the good offices of the 1929 were Y2,402,100. story. When Rev. George Winn Chinese delegate to the League first came to Chosen he was of Nations, an extension of time -Missionary Herald. located at Fusan. He was going beyond the date originally set alonga high mountain trail when for deportation-October first- A Christian Business Man Christian circles in Japan are thankful for the return of a man

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

he came upon an elderly Korean The boy said: "I believe in members to read the Scriptures. man carrying a load of wood. God, Tooan." Among the Moros, where Dr. Mr. Winn being a strong young Frank Laubach has introduced man, offered to carry the load. "Is that all?" asked the officer. a new simple method of learning The man finally yielded to this to read, six thousand of these strange request from this the "Oh, no!" said the boy. "I people have become literate strange foreigner. Mr. Winn believe in Jesus, God's Son, the within the past year. In five carried the load until he reached one who says, 'Come unto me!' years it is hoped to make this the place where the ways parted. I used to believe in Dyak idols entire non-Christian province Here he returned the load to the and spirits. Many offerings of one hundred per cent literate. man, who thanked him for the food we gave to the idols, and This will open the Bible to the help he had given. Mr. Winn often stuffed rice and tobacco in children of Islam. The Daily told him that that was nothing, the dead skulls which used to Vacation Bible School has been taking the opportunity to add hang in our home. But now we extended in at least one province that the man had a much greater all believe in the living God, and to include removing what is perburden of sin which Jesus had we have Bible pictures in our haps the greatest barrier to efcome to bear for him if he would home, and a kitab (a Bible)." fective molding of child life by but let him. The two men converting ignorant parents into parted. Unevangelized Tribes Mission allies, rather than opponents of of Borneo, (1287 Spring St., Christianity. Some years later at a Bible Muskegon, Michigan). class for men, a Korean told this -Philippine Presbyterian. story ending by saying, "I am Surprises in Formosa that man. I accepted Jesus as Tahiti Christians my Saviour, and have always Rev. E. H. Edwards quotes wished to thank the man who from a letter written by an Eng- Most of the Tahitians have reintroduced me to the great Bur- lish Presbyterian missionary in mained loyal to their Protestant den Bearer, but as all foreigners Formosa. teaching, largely owing to their look alike to me I do not know knowledge of the Bible, and skill which of the missionary teachers God is always surprising us with in using it. In the Society here may be that man." Roscoe new signs that He is working. One Islands alone are found 20,000 C. Coen. new thing is to stir us up to make a Protestants, 4,000 of whom are start in carrying the Gospel to the communicants. In the Mar- THE PACIFIC ISLANDS savages of this island. The revolt of quesas Islands there are about 1,500 savages in November of last 1,500 Roman Catholics and 500 Light in Borneo Darkness year, when they massacred over 120 Mormons. In the Paumotu Japanese and others, has made us feel Islands there are perhaps 4,000 At the mission station all is that we must take the Gospel to them Roman Catholics and 1,500 Morquiet except at the boys' hut and without further delay. We have writ- mons. the millions of forest insects ten home urging our Society to praising the Lord in the only enable us to begin work at once, and We were taken to see the way they know. Somewhere not they seem determined to do it. fine self-supporting s c h 0 0 I s far off there is a roadside meet- where 300 girls (45 being boarding on the highways and byways Formosa, opposite the Prov- ers) and 250 boys (27 boarders) where the news of salvation ince of Fukien, formed a part of are given a general education in must be brought. After work- the Chinese Empire until 1895, French. A seminary with 9 stuing on the roads and bridges all when it was ceded to Japan. dents is entirely supported by day the Dyaks rest in temporary Christian missions began there the churches. shanties at night. They gladly about 1858. leave their rice pots to gather There are 22 churches and 13 around the evangelist to hear of Teaching Filipinos to Read pastors on the Islands of Tahiti Jesus and his love to them. Now and Moorea alone. Indeed, all we hear the distant sound of The problem of making the the activities of the mission, heathen worship penetrating Philippines measurably literate whether in church, school or the air. Somewhere is a sick has been the subject of much press, are self-supporting and one, a native priest bending over concern by educational and po- are willingly sustained by the the suffering one with charms, litical leaders. In spite of the Tahitian Christians. We cannot dancing and offering gifts and excellent public school system but admire the sterling charcalling to the evil spirits to have and the good intentions of gov- acter and perseverance of those mercy, to leave the body of the ernment leaders, approximately descendants of the Hugenots, suffering one. fifty per cent of.the population who carryon so well the fine remains illiterate, and the same work whose foundations were Not so long ago a district of- proportion of the children of laid broad and deep by the ficer of West Borneo, who is a school age have no school privi- L. M. S. believer, asked a mission boy: leges. The great need is for an incentive both to learn and to Alexander M. Allan, of "Little Dyak boy, what do you teach. This phase of the mis- Bogota, Colombia. believe?" sionary problem requires the co- operation of native workers. The strength of the Church de- pends upon the ability of its

Interesting Movements In Japan QUOTED FROM THE Japan Christian Quarterly The Crisis Before the Church turned the world upside down." Religious Freedom and Shrines One of the disturbing features If the Christian church were to When Shinto was declared to of the present situation is that stand fearlessly in deed as well be non-religious, there were Japan is looking to Christianity as word for love as the basic many who realized that tradifor a lead and such a lead is not principle of society, she need not tions are not so easily abolished forthcoming. The failure of the worry about her influence on by government decree; but they much heralded anti-religious public opinion. It is in this fact hoped that in process of time movement is evidence that the more than anything else that the and by a gradual purging of its nation as such is not disposed secret of Dr. Kagawa's influence religious elements the day would towards a material basis for so- with the masses lies. come when every loyal Japanese ciety, despite the advance of The second reason for the could become a State Shintoist, Communism. Why then is Com- progress of Communism is that whatever his religious faith. munism making such rapid it has never hesitated to demand But old traditions are carried on progress while the Christian sacrifices of its followers. All to new shrines. Church is almost standing still? along it has had to fight for its One of these State Shrines, Last year, the first year of the existence. The result is that the which ministers to a large area men in the universities and the Kingdom of God Movement, the labor world, who have been cap- not far from Tokyo,· is of pre- Protestant churches increased tured by it are not the "duds," fectural rank. In front of the but the best. Many of them are priests' offices were rows of by under 8,000 while the popu- boxes containing charms of lation grew by over 800,000. There are two main reasons. of the stuff of which heroes are every description, for warding In the first place Communism made; they have faced torture off disease, for protection from has before it definite ideals for and martyrdom for their cause. fire and mad dogs, for help in the uplift of society. It is here On the other hand, now that child-birth, for success in busithat the Christian churches as Christianity enjoys on the whole ness, even for driving away such are still relatively weak. the good-will of the authorities rats! In the background was a We need a world view of life, a and the Church itself is estab- pile of boxes ready to be re- Christianity formulated and lished, it is tending to get more turned by post, each with its lived for the world of today. comfortable, certainly in the charm inside renewed by a re- In the fight against certain so- bigger cities. As a result of the ligious ceremony for another cial evils, Christians have taken desire for financial independ- year. Pilgrims presented their the lead, but in enunciating posi- ence, it is composed largely of charm for renewal and paid tive principles for the recon- members of the bourgeoisie, in- their fee. The priest made a stead of being the church of all. note of their names and then struction of society, as the In general it pays its pastors a made his way to the main shrine Soviets have done, we have piteously low stipend, but it is to offer his prayers on their belagged behind. Christ's message demanding finer buildings; it is half. As he drew near he beat of the Kingdom is not given the increasingly particular about a big drum to warn the spirits of emphasis today that He gave it. the quality of the music and the his approach. Then kneeling Lord Shaftsbury "never thought training if not the message of down before the emblems of that the rich had fulfilled their its clergy. There is less of the .their presence, he recited rapidduty to the poor when they had given them a cheap copy of the heroic in its appeal. ly a list of names, punctuated by Bible and a few improving Peace has its perils no less deep in-drawn breaths and bows.

tracts. He set to work to try than war; where there is no op- Then came another beating of a and put destitute men and wo- position a church tends to get small drum at his side and the men on their feet." soft and to pay too much atten- rapid recitation of a Shinto It may be argued that the tion to secondary things. The prayer; more beating of the smallness of the church prevents emphasis is on self-preservation, drums, more bows, and the cere- it having the influence on public a thing which is essentially un- mony was over. The pilgrims opinion that it should. The Com- Christian. We do well to take returned with their charm made munist Movement in Japan to heart the words of Mr. effective for another year.

started from a very small begin- Stanley Baldwin: "the Church Primitive this may be, but it is ning; Lord Shaftsbury had to is much more likely to fail in religious nevertheless both in in- fight much of his battle single- the long run because it demands tention and in form.

handed; it was a very small too little of its members than The Christian forces cannot body of whom the complaint because it demands too much of regard such things with indiffer- was made that they "have human nature." ence.

'~I==================="""""",,"I~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=I====================~~ Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. By activity and numbers, the blows governing their daily lives." J.ohn Johnson. 12 mo. 160 pp. $1.50. of late have fallen on them un- The low economic state result- Revell. New York. 1931. sparingly, some aimed at them ing from the enormous taxation specifically. Their leaders "are of their productive powers is Here is a direct, simple, al- deprived of citizenship, the right perhaps the least of the adversimost naive narrative of a to vote, the right to have cards ties. The atmosphere is thick journey into the domain of Com- for bread and other commodi- with dreads and betrayals. If munism made in 1930 by John ties; they are despised, mocked, this is true for the rulers, what Johnson, Secretary of the All- persecuted in every conceivable of the suspected, the feared and Russian Evangelical Union. His way, exiled. Their wives and the hunted? undertaking was in the nature children suffer indignities day of a religious inquiry and mis- and night." Even the apostles of communism sion. The objective was ob- themselves suffer, although they may tained to the extent of having An optimistic view is taken neither realize nor admit what is a twenty-eight days within the of the ultimate outcome of the proven, self-evident fact. These lead- Soviet Union and employing the war on religion. The author de- ers of socialistic idealism live in a time assiduously with individual clares that only a small minority constant atmosphere of suspicion and and group contacts that afforded of believers have given way un- fear. There is, for example, the fear real insight into certain areas of der the pressures. The others of being overthrown; the fear of collife, limited by the authorities are prospering spiritually. The lapse of the five-year program; the who restricted his movements to personal experiences of the fear, based on tangible proof, that all Leningrad and Moscow, apart writer changed his opinion as to the rest of the world is against them. from the route from and back to the extent of the atheist achieve- These and other contributory factors, the Polish border. ments. He concludes "that not- render the lives of the Soviet leaders withstanding the atheistic mock- one long torment of dread and suspi- The chief and very consider- ery, threats, and persecution cion. able value of the account is its leveled against them, ninety-five contribution of authentic infor- per cent of the Russian people At the other pole of suffering mation concerning the fortunes are still deeply religious, still are the Lishentzi or "Deprived," of that growing body of evan- believe in God, while millions of to whose plight a chapter is degelical Christians with whom them continue to accept and con- voted. the author is in fellowship. In fess Jesus Christ as Master and this field of observation he is Lord." The interesting com- The defects of the book are in most at home and was positioned ment is added that the accom- the spots where the author gets to receive people's confidences, plishments of atheism in Russia away from the fields of personal something rare there as it is are compulsory and not an ex- observation. Twice there is refnecessary. pression of the will of the peo- erence to Soviet law against the ple. A strong appeal is lodged attendance on religious meetings The book presents the in- for sympathy, prayers and mate- of persons under eighteen years dubitable facts of the wide bitter rial help toward Russian Chris- of age. Such attendance is not oppressions, reprisals and per- tians on the part of those out- illegal unless the meeting has secutions directed against all side. the character of a school of re- Christian communions and J ew- ligious instruction. The penalish and Moslem religions alike. The most poignant portrayal ties that are visited on the young There is a chapter on the re- in the book is that on "Strug- for engaging in religious worligious laws of the Soviet. These gling and 'Suffering Russia." It ship and activities are visited alone reveal the effort to com- outside the law by economic, sopletely hedge in the programs is an open window looking in on cial and educational discriminaand practices by which religions tions. Two other errors of fact the subtler but more painful as- appear in the pages that treat live. of the Russian Orthodox Church. pects of "class war" in a human It is not true that "For long cen- At the onset of the anti-re- turies the people of Russia were ligious forces the evangelicals society. The angle of observa- deprived of the privilege of ownwere measurably spared from ing, reading, and studying the attack because regarded of less tion is that of one "who, under- Bible." Neither were the clergy political weight and motivation, on the whole lavishly financed. but with their rapid growth in standing the Russian language The grandeur here alluded to and the Russian people, can enter into the actual conditions [61 ]

did not extend far beyond the lish social justice for the work- final word is "I am ever increashierarchy, while thousands of ers. They are making many mis- ingly persuaded that, whether in the village priests were notori- takes for which they will suffer, sickness or in health, life or ously ill kept. Also no place is but experience will teach them death, we may trust our Heavenleft for the multitude of Ortho- many lessons. It is to be hoped ly Father." This volume is one dox Christian lives in the sweep- that other countries and those of the best on the subject from .ing statement "The Russian peo- who do not believe in Commun- a Christian point of view. ple, together with their rulers ism will also learn lessons from and priesthood, walked the path- Russia's experiment. Mr. Lipp- Youth in a Believing World. Pupils' ways of wickedness and destruc- hard's clear and interesting re- Edition. By John Clark Archer. 8 vo. 166 pp. $1.00. Suggestions to tion." Obviously the misrepre- port helps us to understand the Leaders, 25 cents. Westminster sentations have not arisen from situation and to appraise the Press. Philadelphia. 1931.

malice for elsewhere respect for strength and weaknesses in the These studies in living relig- Orthodox Christians is shown experiment. ions are prepared as a senior and real concern for them under elective by a Christian professor the hardships that the present The Leadership of the Constructive at Yale University. After an inregime imposes, and heartily en- Forces of the World. By John R. troductory chapter on the nature couraging is the testimony borne Mott. 8 vo. 30 pp. Oxford Uni- and origin of religion, Professor to increasing good will between versity Press. London. 1931. Archer takes up in succession the Protestant and the old Ani m ism, Confucianism (not Leadership is the most impor- tant and vital factor in solving Church congregations in the the problems of the world. Given strictly a religion), Hinduism, communities visited. the right leaders, then money, Buddhism, Islam and Christian- programs and policies are com- ity. The treatment of these non- ETHAN T. COLTON. paratively simple problems. Dr. Christian religions is interesting Mott is a leader and has had and shows their best side, but in Communing with Communism. By wide experience in selecting and many cases the author neglects William B. Lipphard. Illus. 12 mo. judging leaders for worthwhile to point out the weaknesses and 153 pp. $1.59. Judson Press. Phila- tasks. In this lecture, delivered failures 0 f s u c h religions as delphia. 1931. at the University of St. Andrew, Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. he sounds the call for wise and The treatment of Christianity is Views of Russia are kaleido- devoted leaders in the present dogmatic in its statements rather scopic. Reports of travelers and crisis; he describes the needed than attempting to give clear correspondents vary from whole- qualities of leadership; he tells sale condemnation to general how leaders may be developed, evidence for faith in Christ and commendation. Mr. Lipphard, a and, above all, he exalts Christ His teachings. To i n qui r i n g secretary of the American Bap- as the great Leader and Teacher minds the studies seem to raise tist Foreign Mission Society, vis- whom all should follow who seek more questions than they anited Soviet Russia in 1930 and abiding victory. swer. In the hands of a wise here records his honest impres- Christian teacher they will be sions. He endeavors to be un- Miraculous Healing. By Henry W. prejudiced, fair and candid; and effective. we believe that he succeeds bet- ter than many who have written Frost. 12 mo. 174 pp. $1.50. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah on the subject. The book is a Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro.

readable, illuminating report. Christians differ widely in 12 mo. 138 pp. $1.00 cloth, 75 cents paper. Friendship Press. New Russia is a land of paradoxes. their belief in present-day "mi- York. 1931. The government allows her own raculous healing." There are people to starve while millions those who accept the fact of such These very well told stories, of bushels of wheat are shipped healing in apostolic days, but with a meaning, are worth read- abroad; the Soviets rebel against believe that modern medical sci- ing and will prove especially in- bourgeois autocracy while they ence has removed the necessity. teresting to junior boys and establish a dictatorship of the Others believe in "faith healing" girls. They relate to rural life proletariat and practice oppres- to the extent of refusing all med- in many lands-China, Japan, sion that is more despotic than icine; others still deny all heal- Korea, Paraguay, Africa and the rule of the Czar. Russia is ing, past or present, which is not Burma. The second part of the the citadel of Communism and traceable to natural causes. Dr. book suggests practical and at- the aim of the Third Interna- Frost has given us a devout, tractive methods for studying tional is to create disorder in all well-balanced and practical study the rural life and problems of so-called "capitalistic countries." of the subject. He shows the these peopie with the use of the There is a propaganda against teachings of Scripture and the stories and with suggestions for all religion and the leaders j us- conclusions of sane experience. prayer, Scripture, songs, discus- tify any course that will pro- He believes in Divine healing- sions, hand work and other ac- mote the cause of Communism. both with and without the use of tivities. Teachers 0 f j un i 0 r But Russia is earnestly making ordinary means-but he clearly groups will find this study book a great experiment and is aim- warns against false and foolish informing, stimulating and in- ing at a definite goal-to estab- teachings and practice. The teresting to children. Moreover, it is wholly Christian in tone, in for society. There is no such publishing its findings, and enmethod of approach and pur- deavoring to persuade governpose. Read one story and you "Good News" in any other re- ments to control the traffic. The will read others. report also shows widespread ligion or philosophy. Christ is effort, through pamphlets and How Big Is Your World? By John L. schools, to make known the Lobinger. 8 vo. Leaders' Book. unique, sufficient and supreme. harmful effects of opium smok- 75 pp. 85 cents. Students' Book. ing. 70 pp. 60 cents. Pilgrim Press. Altogether this is an excellent Boston. 1931. New Books book. S. M. Z. These studies or projects are Bells of India. Ethel Cody Higginfor young people of high school The Pilgrim Church: Being some ac- bottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. age. The purpose is to enlarge count of the continuance through New York. 1931. their vision and give them an succeeding centuries of churches understanding interest in other practising the principles taught and Dr. Barnardo-The Friend of Chillands and races. The leaders' exemplified in the New Testament. dren. Wesley Bready. 271 pp. book provides suggestions for By E. H. Broadbent. 406 pp. 7s., Revell. New York. 1931. arousing i n t ere s t, directing 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. study, and recommends sources 1931. The Clinic of a Clerk. W. A. Camof further reading. The stu- eron. 249 pp. $2. Ray Long and dents' book gives general plans Many books reprinted by these R. Smith. New York. 1931. and recommends activities. Most publishers are worth reading. of the pages present source ma- The sub-title of this volume gives The End of Extraterritoriality in terial. The studies are calculated an idea of its general character. China. Thomas F. Millard. 278 pp. to awaken interest rather than In seventeen chapters the author A. B. C. Press. Shanghai. 1931. lead to any definite convictions. sketches the history, teaching This responsibility rests upon and ,influence of such groups as The Friendly Farmers. Gertrude the group leader. the Paulicians and Bogomils, the Chandler Warner and Elizabeth Waldenses and Albigenses, the Harris. 154 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents Good News. By C. V. Sheatsley, D.D. Lollards, Hussites and United paper. Friendship Press. New 156 pp. $1. The Book Concern. Brethren, before the Reforma- York. 1931. Columbus, Ohio. 1931. tion. Then follows an account of the Anabaptists, the Huguenots, The Moral Crisis in Christianity. Conservative in its theology, the Pietists of Germany, the Justin Wroe Nixon. 1979 pp. $2. timely in its message, and earn- Methodists, Men non i t e sand Harpers. New York. 1931. est in its spirit, this little volume other sects in Russia. The last is a plea for the spreading of the three chapters, on Mr. Groves, On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Gospel of Jesus Christ among all the Plymouth Brethren and Dar- Albert Schweitzer. 176 pp. $2. classes at home and abroad. It byism, with "conclusions," are Macmillan. New York. 1931. deals with the Gospel as good not as convincing nor as well news, with its language, its con- documented as the earlier chap- The Progress of Worldwide Missions. tent, and appeals for the release ters. An excellent bibliography Robert H. Glover. 418 pp. Ray of this matchless message by and notes give credit to the Long and R. Smith. New York. messengers released from fear, sources upon which the author from sin and from narrow pro- has drawn. His sympathies are Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. vincialism. with "The Pi I g rim Church" John Johnson. 160 pp. $1.50. rather than with the Holy Cath- Revell. New York. 1931. The author believes in "the olic Church as defined in the liquidation of denominational- creeds of Christendom. Religion Follows the Frontier-A Hisism." We need not all think tory of the Disciples of Christ. alike, but the essentials of our S.M.Z. Winifred Ernest Garrison. 317 pp. message are not in dispute and $2.50. Harpers. New York. 1931. the world will be convinced by Commission of Enquiry into the Cona united testimony. Overlapping trol of Opium Smoking in the Far The Spirit of Piney Woods. Lawrence and jealousy for a church group East. Vol. II. 595 pp. $1.50. C. Jones. $1. Revell. New York. are sins. The emphasis should World Peace Foundation. Boston. 1931. not be first of all on character- 1931. b u i I din g, but on conversion. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah There is no real conflict with This exhaustive report of the L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro. science, for spiritual re-creation production, distribution and con- 138 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents paper. is a greater mystery than physi- trol of opium reveals the serious- Friendship Press. New York. 1931. ness of the situation in Burma, cal creation, and is in a higher Malaysia, the Philippines, For- Why Christian Missions. J. O. Dobrealm. The Gospel of Christ has m 0 s a and foreign – controlled son, 64 pp. Is. Student Christian dynamic for the individual and China. The extent of the evil is Movement Press. London. 1931. very disturbing and the difficul- ties of control are many; it is Young People's Hymnal-For Use in exceedingly encouraging, how- Sunday Schools, Bible Classes and ever, that the League of Nations the Home. Paper cover, words 3d., is making such a careful study, music 3s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. 1931.

Personal Items has been elected President of Wash- Church. For many years he was mis- ington and Jefferson College, Pennsyl- sionary under the auspices of its Dr. John R. Mott has retired from vania. He is an alumnus of Lafayette Woman's Board of Domestic Missions the general secretaryship of the Inter- College, studied theology at Princeton and conducted services for Japanese. national Committee of the Y. M. C. A., Theological Seminary, is an ordained a post which has given him oversight minister and has experience as an *** of the work in thirty-two foreign educator. The new President will aim countries. Frances S. Harmon, news- at scholarship and mental and moral Dr. Ida Kahn, a pioneer Chinese paper publisher of Hattiesburg, Mis- discipline and spiritual ideals. woman in medicine, died in China, acsissippi, has been asked to accept the cording to cable received November office. Obituary Notes 9th by the Woman's Foreign Mission- ary Society of the Methodist Church. The Rev. Dr.'"Ro'"wla'"nd V. Bingham, The Rev. J. W. Vinson, Southern Presbyterian missionary, met death Sixty years ago a sixth daughter General Director of the Sudan Interior Nov. 4 at the hands of Chinese ban- was born in a Chinese home in Kiang- Mission, has recently returned from dits. Mr. Vinson and 300 others were si Province. The baby's horoscope was Great Britain where he spoke in vari- carried off after looting and firing the evil, and the outlook for her was dark ous centers on behalf of the Mission. town of Yanggaigi. indeed, for under such circumstances infanticide was not uncommon. But The Rev. Tho'"ma's" E*. Stevenson, for The daughter of a Chinese preacher two Methodist women from Kiukiang who escaped in the confusion told mis- school appeared on the scene, and one 12 years pastor at Burbank, Calif., has sionaries at Haichow that bandits of them, Miss Gertrude Howe, adopted accepted a call from the Interdenom- pointed rifles at Mr. Vinson and asked the child as her own. She educated inational Council of Los Angeles to him if he were afraid. "If you shoot her in mission schools and brought become the representative of the me I'll go straight to heaven, so I her to America in 1892 with another churches in the remarkable new city am unafraid," Mr. Vinson replied. A brilliant Chinese girl, Mary Stone. springing up on the desert in Nevada, bandit fired at his heart, and the min- Both girls graduated in medicine with known as Boulder City. Over 2,000 ister fell over dead. Later the body high honors at the University of Michmen are now located at Boulder City, was discovered by missionaries and igan. They returned to China, where with some women and children and buried in a tiny cemetery at Haichow they have amply fulfilled their early more are to follow. It will be a co- in the shadow of a Southern Presby- promise. After working together in operative interdenominational work. terian Mission. the Danforth Hospital in Kiukiang, Dr. Kahn responded to a call to Nan- *** *** chang, where the natives provided a The Rev. George K. Lee, former hospital for women and children, of Presbyterian missionary leader in The Rev. Edward Allen Sibley, one which she became the chief, the only China, has just given up the editor- of the pioneer missionaries of t.he trained physician in that populous ship of the Chinese daily morning Sun Protestant Episcopal Church in the city. There she has continued to work in San Francisco to become pastor of Philippine Islands, was killed in a mo- with increasing success and constantly the Chinese Presbyterian Church at tor accident at Tukukan, Philippine widening influence. She was not only Portland, Oregon. Islands on November 1st. Mr. Sibley a skillful doctor and hospital admin- went to the Philippines in 1908 to istrator, but a woman of broad and *** work in what was then the church's fine culture, Oriental and Occidental, newest and least known mission field. and withal a devoted Christian, never Dr. George W. Richards has been happier than in bearing testimonv to elected chairman of the Executive *** her Christian experience. Miss Howe Committee of the Federal Council. He spent her last years in the home of is also secretary of the Interdenom- Rev. Whitford L. McDowell, Re- Ida Kahn, the babe whom she had inational Conference of Theological search Secretary of the Board of rescued. Seminaries in United States and Home Missions and Church Extension Canada. of the Methodist Episcopal Church *** passed away on October 20th. He had *** been connected with the Board for fif- The Rev. Dr. William Martin Baird, Mrs. Ralph B. Kennard has accepted teen years. who has recently completed forty the chairmanship of the Women's years service as a Presbyterian mis- Council of the Federation of Churches *** sionary in Korea, died in Pyengyang Committee to undertake some special on November 29th. Dr. Baird was work in behalf of the foreign students The Rev. E. A. Ohori, a Christian born near Charlestown, Ind., 69 years in Washington, of which there are Japanese, who had been engaged in ago, was graduated from Hanover several hundred. missionary work in New York for the College, Ind., in 1885, and from Mc- Reformed Church in America since Cormick Theological Seminary in 1888. *** 1908, died on Nov. 9th. He was engaged in literary work and Prof. Ralph C. Hutchinson, a Pres- Bible translation and revision, as well byterian missionary, and Dean of the He came to the United States about as church activities. American College at Teheran, Persia, 1900, was graduated from the Theo- logical Seminary, New Brunswick, N. J., and was ordained in the Reformed THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD EDITORIAL COUNCIL REPRESENTS Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions Foreign Missions Conference of North America Council of Women for Home Missions Missionary Education Movement The Student Volunteer Movement Home Missions Council Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America Various Denominational and Independent Boards MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. REV.F.C.STEPHENSON,M.D.

REV. ENOCH F. BELL, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. JAY S. STOWELL FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. FLORENCE G. TYLER REV. S. G. INMAN, D.D. REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON

Costs No More THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE The home land is

1505 R.ce Street, Phll.delphl•• P•• land where Christ is; the x…. • • • 01 your II•• ud .on.y 10 ..nd • y•.,. Ple.sf! send foreign land only that Ions silt ….n • caHI one-II.. lilt- which has rejected Him. $1.5.O00c to.' Only One Dollar N.me………………•………… -John R. Mott. Street………………………… . • • • bul ….Iy nothlns you .Ishl buy could City .nd St.tf! ………………….. . AN UNBROKEN brlnl your friend•• who .here your ….. In sood N.me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . RECORD worlh whll. r.edlns. .or. pl…ur.bl. .nd Strf!et………………………… . Pf9lltebl. houn Ih.n ••ndln, City .nd St.tf! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • N.me………………………… . The Presbyterian Magazine Street………………………… . No great American Mission Board City ond Stote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . has ever failed. 10 th.. ONCE A MONTH_praed your No person ever lost a dollar in· X… wl.h 01 heppln_ throush .U th. y••r. SENDER vested in annuities of an American N.me………………………… . Mission Board. Confidential Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . Millions of dollars invested in stocks, City .nd St.te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . bonds and mortgages have been lost. • • • .nd durlns Ih… worrlso… d.ys It …y Why not profit by this bit of history? be your bud,. _lis only so muy doll… o PI e.se send cords. Reinvest your funds in annuity agree· beln. sp.nl on X…. sllts-th.n YOU ••y s.nd ments of the Methodist Mission the Mesuln. EIGHT MONTHS In…ed 01 Boc!rds. tw.ly•• for Annuities are not affected in any way by c!n increase or decrec!se in Only Fifty Cents missionary collections. Ample reserve funds guarantee all Can you Snd • b.H.. buy? payments.

$2 Worth For $11 For Inlor..ellon eddr…. MORRIS W. EHNES. Tre.surer. Bo.rd of THE BIBLE TODAY•• condensed. popul'!!1 pertinent f!v.ngelistic m.g.zlne. published by the N.tion.1 Bible Institute. 340 West 55d1 Street. New York. will be sent to Forei~n Missions of the M.thodist Episco- p.1 Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. N.w York. You .Rd • friend for W. J. ELLIOTT, Tr••sur.r. Bo.rd of Home Missions .nd Church Extension of the ONE YEAR FOR ONE DOLLAR Methodist Eplscopol Church. 1701 Arch (Regul.r subscription price $1.00 • yeor) Str••t. Phil.delphi•• P•.• or Special offer from November 15, 1931, to January is, 1932 START THE NEW YEAR RIGHT DON O. SHELTON. LL.D.• Editor Join thousc!nds of satisfied Somf! of the not.ble .rtlcles esped.lly written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931.1932 readers of America's oldest periodical-The Missionary "How 10 Grow. Soul." by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK. P.stor of Free St. Georges. Edinburgh. Herald. Old in name only "WhSoeftcotRhtele.pnBrdels.beln.toHti•v•e•M• W••.nslhIinnsMt2yn.lDIl. .C". and still reporting Mission by DR. JAMES S. MONTGOMERY. Chapl.in of the Housf! events from the cross-rollds of . the world. The official organ "Th. M.n Who Wenl loSe. Whet H. Could Se…. by MELVIN G. KYLE. president of the Xenl. of the American Board of Theologic.1 Semlnory. Commissioners for Foreign "I".sln. Ih. Blbl…. by AMOS R. WELLS. Honor.ry Editor of the "Chrlstl.n Ende.vor World:' Missions, presenting monthly the work abroad of the And Mor. lhea Forly Oth.r Insplrlns. F.lth·lIr.nalh.nlns M….s.s Congregational and Chrjstian Churches. A Special Combination Offer THE BIBLE TODAy ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• S1.00 } Bolh 52.75 We invite requests for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …………………….. 2.50 Sey.75c sample copies or. your sub· scription at $1.00 per year. Addr… your ord.n 10 .lth.r ollc. THE MISSIONARY HERALD "Th. Bible Tod.y" "Th. Mls.lon.ry R.yl.w ollh. World" 14 Beacon Street 340 West 55th Street. New York. N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Boston, Mass.

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Interestine: stories with a message. "I k••p ell ..y copi•• lor r.ference." 'nlem.tlon.1 L.non Commentary A thorough tre.tment of the S. S. Lessons.

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""'iii:OOO Ready to go HEAT Helping to send Giving sacriAc:ally Praying faithfully Informed Giving systematically Praying definitely Spasmodic interest Occasional information Giving something Praying formally Indifferent Uninformed Non-c:ooperating Criticizing without knowledge or sympathy Antagonistic: to Christ's Program THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD will help ,alse your spiritual temper.ture to Christ's stand.rd

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1931

THOUSANDS OF VILLAGES WER}: FLOODED IN

lINlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIIIIIII_IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'I_ _IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~IIIIIIIIIIII_!II TheyAre Thanking God Because they were CURED o/LEPROSY and are now happily attending school, preparing for lives of useful service.

To Save Such as These Are Not Such Lives Worth Sa(ling? The American Mission to Lepers, cooperating with governments and all churches, is helping to maintain 150 Leper Homes in 40 countries- But There Is Desperate Need to extend these healing benefits to all lepers.

JUST A LITTLE FROM YOU will help stretch forth the hand of mercy to those who are still hope- less outcasts.

WHAT YOUR American Mission to Lepers, Inc. Room 1119K, 156 Fifth Ave., DOLLARS WILL DO: New York $40-Complete care of a I enclose $ to help save a leper's leper for a year. life.

$30-The same for a leper Name child. Address $10-Medical treatments for two years, suf- o Please send information regarding ficient to cure an "early" case. your annuity plan.

$5-Food for a leper for two months.

$3-A pair of blankets.

Please mention THE M]SSIO:AR¥ REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writine to advertisers. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DIILAVAN L. PIIlBBON, Editor CONTENTS-November, 1931 Paue WHOM SHALL WE SEND …..•…..

••.•••••••.•••••• • PAUL W. HARRISON 805 A MINISTER OF HEALING …..•….

• •.•••••••••••••• SAMUEL GUY INMAN 81:!

~IIAI,L WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CORNEJ,ruS H. I'A'rTux H1U THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFER· ENCE •••.•..••. DAVID MCCONAUGHY k19 'l'HE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH ……. EDGAR lIf. WAHLBERG 822 A MINISTER SOLVES UNEMPLOy· MENT …………….. . . . .. . .. . .. 826 HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS …• · ……………… ADELA J. BALLARD 827 HOW MISSIONARIES USE THE RADIO outstanding • •••••••••••••••••• HUBijRT W. PEET 882 TOt:lRIST CABIN THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JA· PAN …………. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA 836 when you …

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Ph~ase mention THE MISSIONARY RmVIEW 011' TUm WORr~D In wrltJnJ: to nrlvertJsPJ's. What Is New in the Foreign Field?

BOOKS YOU REALLY OUGHT TO READ Ellasue Wagner Charles Allen Clark, Korea: The Old Ph.D. and the New Religions of A picture of present-day Old Korea Korea in a day of radical Studies by Prof. Clark of change and transition, in the Presbyterian Theo- which a constant blend- logical Seminary of Ko- ing-an assimilation of rea written from thirty the new by the old-is in years of painstaking re- unending process. Fully search. $2.50 illustrated. $1.50 John T. Faris Sir William Wanless Seeing The Mira; Medical South America Mission The author of "Seeing the Far West," etc., weaves a An important missionary bright, chatty, personal narrative-intimate, endocument by Sir William EXItED WITH FAMILY••• chanting, alluring-which brings South America Wanless, who was the Illustrated, $3.00 right to our Northern doors. Illustrated. $2.50 recognized dean of the Ethel Cody medical mission workers Chinese Twice-Born Higginbottom in that field of Christian Charles Ernest Scott, D.D.

service in India, and is The author of "China from With- in" gives us a group of authentic, the record of his personal individual records, each and all of which discover the Gospel of salvaexperience. $1.50 tion, operative in the life of a Chi- nese Christian. Introduction by Stacy R. Warburton Charles G. Trumbull, Litt.D. $1.50. Bells of India The Making of The Words of God Stories of the Great Pen- Modern Missions in An AFrican Forest: insula. The author, wife A notable and valuable of Sam Higginbottom, of addition to the literature the American Presbyteof Christian Missions, by rian Mission, Allahabad, the Professor of Christian Missions in Berkeley Th. Story of the West African Mission makes the Eastern bells Baptist Divinity School, the keynote of her sheaf Berkeley, Calif. $1.50 of charming tales which W. Reginald Wheeler reflect the spirit and at- The Secretary for Africa, Presbyte- mosphere of India. $1.50 Albert D. Helser, dan Board of Foreign Missions, WMauhdeereWD. aMyDadadwenns M.A., F.R.G.S. gives us a deeply-interesting docu- ment-part history, part personal A J a pan e s e Reader.

African Stories narrative. The West African Mis- sion has been at work in the Stories, legends, poems "No one who wishes to Cameroun for a hundred years, and old and new, scraps of understand ·Africa and a goodly portion of his engrossing verse, proverbs, transla- its problems' can afford and informative book has to do tions and ancient folk- to neglect these folk- with the details of Mr. Wheeler's lore concerning the tales."-So1lth Africa. journey to the scenes of its work. Sunrise Kingdom. Illus- Illustrated. $1.75 Illustrated. $3.00 trated. $1.50 FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, 158 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THE l!ISSIO:ARY REVIEW OF THE 'VORLn in writini: to adv~rti8er8. China Inlall(l :Ii:s~ioll Statioll, Chellg;yaugkwan, Anhwei. The Muiu Street. Passahle Only by Vndillg, by Swimmillg', or hy Rnfr.

LIV. No.n November

WHOM SHALL WE SEND;.?.'

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE~E is no subject of great- discuss it here. Preparation is er I~portance ~or all who seventy-five per cent of the reason . a;e mterested. m carrying for success or the failure, and re- ChrIst s message out mto the dark ceives little attention, whereas the place~ of the earth, than that of the technical and intellectual training s~lectI?n and pre!>aration of mis- which counts for twenty-five per SlOnarieS for servIce. cent, receives almost all the atten- As we have said, the object of tion. Here we will discuss the missionary work is to produce a other factors in preparation.

spiritual result over in Japan and The object of missionary work China and India and Arabia and is to go out and put Christ into other fields. Therefore it is most men's hearts, the hearts of those important to discuss the way to ;-vho are now preoccupied with prepare for the spiritual work that Idols of extraordinary strength, lies ahead. Technical theological ~~o are at present devotees of re- training is not ninety per cent of hglOUS systems that hold them with what is necessary for success out a tenacity that is very difficult to there, nor even fifty per cent. That represent. Missionary work is not is true of pedagogical 01' medical easy work-not because the clitraining too. Technical prepara- mate ~s bad, or health conditions tion is of importance and we should are dIfficult, but because we are prepare for the best possible work dealing with men whose hearts are but, nevertheless, we go out to th~ occupied by some other god. The mission fields first of all to bring people are .amalgamated into sysmen to Christ and to bring Christ te?Is. It IS not as though you to men. For the accomplishment trIed to shovel pebbles out of a of that purpose, all that we learn loose pile. With most of the peo- in classrooms here is less than fifty pIe among whom we work, for in- per cent of what makes for suc- stance: in Arabia, in the castes of cess or for failure over there. India, and in China, it is as though Important as this matter is, I there ~as been. liquid cement do not think that, within the last poured mto that.pIle. of pebbles and five years, it has been discussed in they are held lIke Iron; you can any convention or any course of hardly ~et more t~an a few of them study in any institution with which loose wIth dynamIte. r r am acquainted, as am going to ton• TSheemilnaasrty,ofFeabrsuearireys, of lectures ILt Prince· 1981, SOS

On the mission field we work do it? The people that God wants against spiritual forces of extraor- out there, and nobody else. While dinary power. We do not just go we ought to urge men to think out there to wheel baby carriages about the mission field and to go up and down the street; we work out if God wants them, we ought against very powerful systems, and also to urge them to stay at home because of that we should recog- unless they are convinced God nize that the work is exceedingly wants them to go out there. The difficult. That adds force to the first element in our preparation is statement that we go out there to an unshakable conviction that God do a spiritual work. Multi-million- wants us to work out there. That aires might go there together and is not saying how God will guide could not produce one convert with us to such a conviction. We are all their money. We need money, not looking for an audible voice or but we need other things a great a supernatural miracle, but for an deal more. A wonderful piece of unshakable conviction that God acarchitecture may, in a way, ob- tually calls us to the field. That jectify the beauty of holiness and is, to my mind, an indispensable the essential loveliness of the char- element in the equipment of any acter of God, but in a place like missionary who goes out with any Arabia a building of that kind expectation or hope of success in would contribute nothing to our the spiritual work that God desires spiritual ends. to have accomplished.

Stay at Home, Unless- The second element in mission- ary preparation is an adequate What preparation should we get surrender to God's will. We enter to fit us for the work that lies into the Kingdom of God by surahead? First of all we must, of rendering ourselves to Christ, but course, be sincere Christians, but we sometimes forget that we need if we are such, how can we prepare divine grace for a continued surfor this particular work to which render. It is not sufficient to surthe Lord has called us? render today and sail out to Arabia next week. We must continually The first thing to be said is that surrender in Arabia for the next a man or woman ought not to go thirty-five years, or as long as God out into Arabia or India as a mis- keeps us there. sionary until he is convinced that the Lord wants him there. In the This second task is even more old days there may have been a difficult than the first. There are very superficial discussion of what plenty of temptations in a country constitutes a missionary call, as of that kind, especially temptations though it must be a rather super- that attack us along the line of natural manifestation. But there pride. My experience has included is some truth in that. Here is no one who has been tangled up work of exceptional difficulty and in the ordinary temptations of the of exceptional importance. The flesh. though such occur. Prob- Church of Jesus Christ is to be ably you would not be attacked on founded. We are to go out and that side. but everyone is apt to be make disciples of Christ. No work assailed by subtle temptations to in the world is comparable to that pride. It is this that wrecks us in in importance. Who is to go and Christian service nine times out of

ltl:!l] WHOM SHALL WE SEND'!

ten, The temptation comes in find the lists coincide almost with- more than one way. Here is a out any variation. Our success on woman who is offended and will the mission field will depend very not speak to her missionary col- largely upon our capacity to work.

league. What is the matter? Yes- Doctors are open to great criticism terday when other people were in- because we have felt the pulse of vited, she was left out. Her whole missionaries so much and listened impression is probably wrong but to their heart and worried about she was so offended that it took the their health until we have taught active effort of the other party to the missionary body to be afraid heal the wound, It took patience lest they work too hard. More peo- and humility and submission to un- ple come back nervously broken kindness to straighten the matter down from too little work than out. We need to be prepared for from too much. What is a stand- a continual surrender out there. ard? Why not take the common Here is a doctor. How is he go- everyday standard? A little while ing to spend his time? Will he sit ago somebody was throwing a down to do personal work with the brick at the laboring man in Amer- patients, or do some piece of lab- ica because he wanted to do less oratory wor~ which will give him a than an eight-hour day's work.

bit of reputation? This fame When we work for the Lord, let us looks like a -gorgeous jewel. He not have a standard of diligence can do this work and thereby gain that is less than the standard of a reputation; he can get back a an ordinary carpenter or electri- little that he surrendered when cian. Let the eight-hour day be he went to the field. the minimum, but not necessarily Our power in the Lord's service the maximum. I think you would is going to depend upon the depth find that many ministers would of our surrender. The difference have hard work checking up between a man who has about a against that plumb line. Most of tenth of one horsepower in his us are so afraid we will overwork, spiritual life and that other man that we let half an hour go this who has fifty horsepower, is simply way and half an hour that way to a question of the depth to which no purpose.

his surrender has reached. One of our best clergymen in Afraid of Overwork Arabia told me that he had to in- crease his activities a good deal to Now let us pass on to some reach eight actual hours at his job.

things more specific. How ean I In addition to our eight hours at prepare to be the right sort of mis- our job we will put extra time on sionary? We can train ourselves correspondence and articles for to work hard. The most plebian home papers and other accessory sin in this world is the sin of lazi- stuff as we would if we were work- ness. It is also the most common. ing over here for the Telephone If you could make a list of mission- Company. That is hard work, but aries and classify them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, unless we can do an honest day's on the basis of their capacity for work, we need not expect the hard work at their job, and later Lord's blessing. If our mission- classify them as God judges accom- aries would work eight full hours plishment, I believe that you would a day at the job of bringing the

Gospel message to one individual In our Bahrein hospital we de- soul after another, we would begin cided to experiment. As we take to have more results. That eight down the history of a case, noting hours belongs to the Lord, it be- every day the treatment and reac- longs to the church that sent us tion, so we decided to keep a spir- out, it belongs to those church itual history of all the patients.

members who have sacrificed to We wrote down what kind of Mo- support us. It is very important hammedans they were, and how that outside our work hours we much contact they had had with maintain our touch with friends at Christ's truth-which was mostly home, if we want to retain those none. Then we treated them with friends. various kinds of spiritual medicine.

There are many things that help We tried the dogmatic and system- us save time and energy. A filing atic presentations of the Gospel; . cabinet is worth its weight in gold. God's holiness and man's sin and A half hour spent with an account- the need for a Saviour. We tried ant or in a business office, or with the historical presentation, the some stenographer can teach us prophesies about Christ and His methods and filing systems that life and death and resurrection.

will save days of work. It is worth We tried the parables, and then we while. Reduce the time spent in sometimes used to open the New accessory activity so that you have Testament at random. Each day eight hours left for the honest the results were put down. On work of bringing Christ into con- January 5th Adela was given the tact with men that need Him. parable of the prodigal. Did he A Clear Message like it? Did he understand it Z Did it make him angry? Did he If the first element in the suc- go to sleep? What did happen to cess of a missionary is his capacity him? That was all put down on the to work, then the second element record. We tried to treat every is a flexible and growing message. patient almost every day. So at Perhaps I tread upon treacherous the end of the year we had some ground in this part of the discus- interesting records to study.

sion, but I believe in the Gospel of We could only discover one as- our Lord Jesus Christ. We need to pect of the Gospel that had any study the people among whom we great appeal upon its first presen- work so that we' can present it tation, and that is the mystical as- most effectively. pect of the Gospel-the vine and The people in these lands find it the branches, the bread of life, and, difficult to understand Christ's most of all, the good shepherd.

message. Suppose I stand up and Thereafter we used that almost al- say, "Believe on the Lord Jesus ways as our initial presentation.

Christ and thou shalt be saved." "The Living Christ and Dying Those to whom I am talking do not Heathenism," by Dr. Warneck of know what I mean by "believe." the South Sea Islands reports that They have never heard of the Lord out there they found the best in- Jesus Christ. They have not the itial presentation to be the an- faintest conception of what it nouncement that those who believe means to be saved. So we seek a in Christ need not be afraid of evil simpler presentation. spirits. That is the initial presen-

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

tation that really penetrates deep ample and work than a man has enough to be understood and ap- when he leaves the seminary. We preciated a little. The search for must have not only a flexible and a that point of contact will continue growing message but we must have as long as you are on the field. a growing understanding of Christ I remember being faced with the and His teachings for ourselves.

problem of preaching on the street I despair of any missionary be- in Bahrein which had been for- ing able to handle the situation bidden. As we took our dispensary that he meets out in Arabia, at work to different villages, we least, unless his own devotional Bi- found that at the end of the morn- ble study reveals now and then ing's work there was half an hour great magnificent jewels of truth or an hour, as we sat out next to never dreamed of before. A man the road, when a crowd of fifty to who sees no more in Christ's teach- a hundred people gathered. I used ings at the end of ten years after to open my reading with that verse his graduation here than he saw in the Sermon on the Mount: when he was graduated is no man "Lay not up for yourselves treas- for missionary work. We need the ures where moth and rust consume vitality and the freshness that we and where. thieves break through get if our own comprehension is and steal." It was a surprise to fresh and vital and growing.

those people to have that word. Without question some mission- There was no danger of their aries ought to study the religions breaking that commandment. To of the people to whom they go, but have their poverty dignified as obe- most of us are far better advised dience to a divine commandment to let that kind of study alone. It was very acceptable to them. That will be better for us if, instead of was our introduction. Then we spending hours on the study of would go on and try never to stop Hinduism or Mohammedanism, we until we had reached a discussion spent that time on the study of of the parable, "I am the good Christ's message and example and shepherd," or a discussion of the their implications and application crucifixion and the atonement. to the situations that we face; then This is what I mean by a flexible we will have a message that will or varied message. Christ was amount to something.

marvelously varied in the way he Do not waste time on the study met men. The woman at the well of Hinduism and Mohammedanism was not taught the same thing as and Buddhism, but put time on the Nicodemus or Zaccheus or the devotional and sympathetic and Pharisee who invited Jesus out to personal study of the message of dinner. We also must have an ex- Christ, so that you begin to see in ceedingly flexible message. it wonderful and magnificent Keep Up-to-Date things that were never taught you and that you can, therefore, pre- To present to different people sent to the people you meet.

that aspect of the Gospel which fits If the first element in our prep- into their minds requires a much aration is the gaining of a capacity more profound and extensive and for hard work and the second a truly sympathetic understanding of growing and flexible message, a Christ and His message, of His ex" knowledge of Christ that increases

rIlE MISSIONARY RI<;VIJ<;W OJ<' THE WOI~L

all the time, then the third, I think, sionary maintains, he would find is unquestionably the training of himself still below some Indians or ourselves in sacrifice. There we Arabs around him in a coast city.

have a difficult subject. Why does Or, if he wrapped one cloth around Mr. Gandhi have such an enormous him and ate one handful of rice a influence in India? It is not be- day, there would still be people be- cause he has such a tremendous low him. As we work from the mind or that his economic program richest down to the poorest it is commands great respect. But Mr. purely a question of judgment as Gandhi has fallen into the earth to which point in that scale we are and died so far as his own self-in- going to imitate. We can not do dulgences are concerned. Christ better than to follow the example said that if we fall into the earth of Christ. He did not go down to and die, we bring forth much fruit, the very bottom of the scale as a otherwise we do not. beggar starving in the street, How Much Sacrifice ~ nevertheless he was not a rich mil- lionaire with soft clothes and The principle of self-sacrifice is jewels. Christ set himself low in essential. I learned a lot when I the scale and there is where we first went ,out to Arabia from an ought to set ourselves.

assistant I had in the hospital who That, of course, in these days is was a converted Afghan. J alalah a most unwelcome teaching, but, and his brother Rakmandan used after all, it is Christ's own ex- to sit and talk with me. They had ample, and if we can talk with not the slightest respect for any re- those Orientals and get their reac- ligious representative whose life tion, we will recognize that they was characterized by what they at least understand this.

would interpret as self-indulgence. If we prepare to work hard at They are not worshipers of abso- our task; if we devote our whole lute ::.estheticism, but in their time to Christ and his message and mind, as in God's mind, self-indul- develop an adaptable message; if gence is the antithesis to the re- we prepare for real sacrifice, then ligious life. You cannot put the I believe we have adopted the three two in the same compartment. A elements of importance in the missionary who is self-indulgent in preparation for missionary work.

his expenditure, in what he eats I want to add one more which, per- and in what he wears; who looks haps, ought to have been put in the out on missionary life as an easy general preparation. We must thing, should stay at home. The train ourselves to pray. We often Oriental understands that when a have to pray a long time without man pretends to bring out God's seeing an answer, and it is some- message, to be a prophet with a times difficult to keep our prayers gospel, that man cannot be self-in- keen and full of faith and our at- dulgent. titude toward God as enthusiastic We must be prepared for sacri- and to realize that God is working fice. How much sacrifice? Ob- even when we can not see the re- viously, we are dealing with a sit- sults.

uation where judgments differ. It There are mission fields where would not make any difference how the answers to prayer come more expensive an establishment a mis- quickly, but there is no field where

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

a man is safe who has not learned work includes, no doubt, many to pray. It may seem like a bit of technical things. These things are lega)ism, hut a man cannot safely more important-the capacity for come out to the mission field who hard work; much attention to does not set aside half an hour or Christ and a growing knowledge more every day to pray. It is true of Him and His message; ability that Christ sets us no such example to adapt His message to individual of mechanical regularity, but you needs; training in sacrifice; and and I live in an artificial civiliza- finally training in the art of tion and to gain any time for prayer. prayer most of us have to set aside a certain area which we rigorously Missionaries who can come out guard from other things. trained in these ways will be suc- cessful. One more word, and that I do not believe in the appoint- is, we not only must learn how to ment of missionary candidates who pray, but we need to build up at do not know how to pray. Mis- home a constituency of friends who sionaries must hold time free for will pray with us and for us. We prayer at the expense of great ef- must not come out to the missionfort for we need that time for ary field single-handed, we need at twenty other· things. That is the least a dozen or two dozen intimate fourth element in our preparation friends behind us who are going -to learn to pray. We might bet- to pray for us. Develop that kind ter fail in our other examinations of a constitutency. It is a matter than to fail to pray at least half an of the greatest importance so that hour every day. spiritual power of that entire . Preparation for missionary group may be enlisted.

PRAYING FOR MISSIONARIES BY NAME BY ADONIRAM JUDSON GORDON PRAYING for missionaries by name is another means for draw- ing out our interest toward the foreign fields.

Wholesale intercession has always a dangerous tendency. Prayers which are so inclusive that they cease to be incisive, which take in so many interests that they take hold of none-who has not been wearied by such comprehensively feeble intercession? Christians have as much need to be on their guard against platitudinarianism as against latitudinarianism. Evangelical vagueness of desire and petition is a weariness to God and to men.

Instead of praying for the Lord's blessing on our mission fields and upon our missionary brethren in general, let us make a list of their names, and take some of them before the throne of grace each day. Let us make ourselves acquainted with their circumstances of trial or success so that we will have definite petitions or thanksgiving for them. Let the missionaries send home specific requests for prayer, and let them be taken up for definite remembrance.

OU'l'SIDE THE ATTRACTIVE BRITISH-AMERICAN HOSPITAL IN

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York Secretary oj the Comndttee on Coopc1'ati01l in lAlUn America A MESSENGER enters the Others in Peru may not have beautiful palm-bedecked pa- serum for immediate treatment, tio of an old building of or might be batHed by the long Moorish architecture in the sub- distance to the town, three days urbs of Lima, Peru. He rushes by boat and train. But this man through the corridors to a room is accustomed to call on science where sit several immaculately and on humans to help him allecapped and gowned nurses. The viate suffering. A fellow countryone in charge of the office opens the man, who has established a flymissive which states that diph- ing field, is called by telephone. theria has broken out in an inland "Yes," comes the reply, "I will take city. There is no anti-toxin to com- the anti-toxin." While the plane is bat it and anxious parents implore being warmed up, the anti-toxin is the missionary doctor at Lima to hurried to the field by auto. It rush anti-toxin to save their chil- gives one a thrill to see that bird dren. The Chief, to whom every- of mercy rise into the air and fly one tells his troubles, is not easy to over the Andes, an hour after the find among the sick scattered appeal had been received. That through the patios, in the operat- same afternoon anxious parents reing room, one of his laboratories, ceive the healing balm that meant in the dark room or in the dispen- life to their children. sary. When he is found, we see a real leader swing into action. Here is romance and religion in the tropics. To me the incident 812

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU

conveyed a thriH I shall never for- formed, though the patient was too get. To the Chief of the British weak for anything but a local anes- American Hospital it was only one thetic. The Chief kept him cheered of many incidents in a day's work. up with stories, while he pumped Dr. MacCornack's day usually more than half a gallon of pus out begins at 5: 30 A. M., with a brisk of the liver, sewed him up with the ride along the seashore on a favor- rapidity of a Singer machine, with ite Argentine pony. After a 7: 30 more drains arranged than are breakfast the head nurses receive found in an ordinary bathroom.

their instructions for the day, the In a few days the old man was on more critical patients are visited, the road to recovery.

and the first operation is per- What an international crowd we formed. Here we see the king on find among the sixty patients in the his throne! This man may be able hospital wards. Here is a Texan to ride, to shoot, to fish and to tell who has been railroading in Peru good stories; he may be a fine for thirty years; thez:e is the Brit- photographer, a chemist, an elec- ish Minister to Peru; here is the trician, a successful business man- wife of a Peruvian evangelical pas- ager, the respected mayor of his tor who has taken advantage of the little Peruvian suburb. But above hospital to have her baby born un- everything else, he is a skillful der sanitary conditions; there is surgeon. When he swings into a Scotch nurse recovering after six this job, there is no mistake that he months' battle with germs she had – is in his element. A young army contracted in a neighboring institu- of assistants jump to comply with tion. Others include a Japanese commands as if they had been Charge d'Affairs, a German busi- stimulated with an electric cur- ness man, a Quechua Indian peon, rent. Several distinguished sur- an American "beach-comber," an geons may have asked permission Illinois mission-school teacher; to watch this man of reputed mar- through the various wards one may velous power. But he will tell you trace the map of the world.

that it is quite simple: First, be The whole responsibmty for the; sure that you know what is the hospital rests upon Dr. MacCor- trouble with your patient; second, nack. A young assistant is doing deal gently with the insides of the the best he can and Mrs. MacCor- friend on the table; third, keep nack is remarkably efficient in studying every case, and learn as business details. The American much as possible from the experi- and Peruvian nurses are enthusi- ences of others. astic and efficient, but everyone Many different kinds of opera- in the whole institution looks to the tions are done here and some mar- Chief for the final word.

velous cures are effected. One old After luncheon, in the attractive Peruvian gentleman was brought living quarters which Mrs. McCor- to the hospital when all other med- nack has arranged in the rear of ical men had given him up. He the main patio, the Chief shows us looked too far gone to be saved, some movies taken of recent opera- but in a few hours the Doctor had tions. (Think of having your own put him through various tests and operation reeled off before you as had discovered a strange disease of the wielder of the knife explains the liver. The operation was per- just how and why it was done!)

Then we examine the different emanates from the Christian Dikinds of cameras kept by this lover rector of this institution and his of photography, we inspect the associates. model kitchen and refrigerating plant which the Chief has installed Eight years ago Dr. and Mrs. with the proceeds from recent op- MacCornack went to Peru from erations; we stop to pay a hurried Wisconsin where he had attained visit to the pets, the monkeys, par- success in surgery, was president rots and dogs, which help to amuse of a hospital and director of a the big family. bank. Bishop Oldham of the Methodist Episcopal Church had The clinic takes up most of the recently agreed to supply the perafternoon, for a crowd of the needy sonnel of a hospital in Peru if the 'l'HE DOCTOR AND NUR!lING !lTAFF IN THE I,TMA MISSION HOSPITAL from all classes come from Lima British and American communities and Callao. After dinner, the final in Lima and Callao would furnish rounds must be made, and then the the property. The MacCornacks medico takes his rest by putting on heard the call to go to this, to them, a concert for the patients! His in- unknown city and offered to congenuity has hooked up loud speak- tribute a year of service. There ers to an insignificant little port- were only three patients in the hosable victrola so that the music is pital when they arrived; equipnot only carried to all the three ment was of the scantiest. The patios, but also to the city park new doctor spent his first five days where all the community enjoys it. largely in making with his own hands a light for the operating It is scarcely too much to say room. At this juncture the manthat the whole West Coast of South ager of one of the big American America if! feeling the f!pirit that

firms was seized with a strangu- dents in training, is run without lated hernia and requested to be any appropriation from the Mistaken to the newly arrived Ameri- sion Board. The British and can doctor. The doctor had fin- American communities provided ished his operating lamp five min- the buildings. utes before the patient's arrival. Without this he could not use the Far-reaching results may be exoperating room. The two stran- pected from the work of the Perugers exchanged a few words and vian girls who are being trained the sufferer was laid on the table. and sent out each year as nurses. The operation was successful and They are given three years in the a firm friendship was established nurses' school and are fitted to between these two families. serve in public health programs, in other hospitals or in private cases. The one year of free missionary Their influence is already being service has now lengthened into felt in the struggle to improve the eight. Last year the expenses of general health in Peru. the institution amounted to $131,- 000, every cent of which was paid All who have "done time" in the from surgical fees and other hos- British and American Hospital pital receipts. This unique mis- have a warmth of feeling toward sionary enterprise, staffed by the this institution. To have lived with chief surgeon and his assistant, by the Chief and his assistants has eight American and eight Peruvian made life sweeter, has brought God nurses, and a group of forty stu- nearer, and has made Christ more real.

WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY?

C HRISTIANITY is not the established religion of a common- wealth, lest the laws of men become entangled with the laws of the Lord, which are perfect, and the State be found dis- puting for supremacy with the sovereign God.

Neither is Christianity the religion of custom, seeing that the changing traditions of men often modify the Word of God, from which it has been declared that "no jot nor tittle shall pass."

Christianity is not the religion of a human creed, remember- ing that plenary inspiration passed out with the apostles, and no· church has ever been competent to indite a document which shall improve on what the New Testament records once for all.

What then is Christianity? Christianity is the religion based on our faith in and our relation to a Person-a Person whose life was recorded faithfully by men w:ho knew Him in the flesh; a Person whose oneness with the Father was authenticated by many signs and wonders; whose winsome spirit was such as to draw to His side rich men, rulers, outcasts and little children; one who died that we might live; at whose exit the mountains were rent; and whose legacy opened up a fountain of hope for all people.

That Divine Person is none other than He who said, "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life." JOHN JETER HURT, D.D.

WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN?*

BY THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Author of ""Go-d'8 Warld/) etc.

T WENTY-FIVE years ago, happened, he said: "We didn't do when a group of laymen met much else but pray. I never have in the Fifth Avenue Presby- attended such a meeting in my life.

terian Church of New York for It was the Haystack affair moved conference and prayer over the to New York. We organized not missionary situation, it was under a society but a movement. It will the pressure of the idea that the be interdenominational but will world had swung into a new posi- seek to place behind the various tion of missionary opportunity. boards the loyal and intelligent They felt that the time had come support of the men of the church- for the laymen of the Church to es."

stand by the cause of world evan- Conventions were held in the gelization in an organized and ag- leading cities of the United States gressive way. If the Church was and Canada and in multitudes of to enter into the new opportunities smaller places. The Movement had in a large and hopeful manner, the courage–shall I say the au- there must be the mobilization of dacity-to make those conventions the lay element in every denomina- self-supporting by charging admis- tion. sion. "What! expect men to pay In the minutes of that New York for attending a missionary meet- meeting, I find that, preceding the ing! Preposterous !" But they resolutions, were these statements: did, and that in astonishing num- WHEREAS, The greatly increased bers. Then came a series of conparticipation of the present genera- structive measures. More courtion of responsible business and pro- age; more audacity. When Camp- fessional men is essential to the widest bell White (the first secretary) and most productive use of the exist- proposed that the only way to suping missionary agencies, and is equally port missions church-wise was to vital to the growth of the spiritual make a house-to-house canvass of life at home, and the parish, and to have the canvass conducted by lawyers, bankers, WHEREAS, In the management of judges, and business men of large large business and political responsi- affairs and wide reputation, some bilities such men have been greatly of us gasped. "It can't be done; used and honored. Therefore be it they never will volunteer for serv- Resolved, Etc. ice like that." But the thing was These were not idle words. They done and in a few years the "Every were drawn up and signed by mEln of importance in the business and Member Canvass" became the acprofessional world. When Dr. cepted method of finance in every Samuel B. Capen (who became the progressive church. Let us hand first chairman) returned to Bos- the palm to the laymen of twentyton and informed me of what had five years ago for inventing a de- o Edited and Condensed from the original vice which no minister would have pa~~~e::;t. °li S~t~hia rs'.iir.es~. ~~~~!~r:,~ry dared suggest.

816 Alas! in 1919 it was decided, 1. By reading, study, discussion, after long debate, to merge the they must be made intelligent upon Laymen's Missionary Movement in world conditions as these affect the the Inter-church World Movement, prospects of Christ. Where are we with the result that the incentive in the progress of the Kingdom?

of this great enterprise was lost in What are the new forces, favor- the wreck of the attempt to cap- able and unfavorable, with which italize for missions and beneficence we have to deal? What changes the solidarity, the enthusiasm of are demanded in missionary atti- the War period, already on the tude, theory and procedure? What wane. are the demands of stewardship in The Central Division Committee a day like this? As Dr. J. H. Old- of the Laymen's Missionary Move- ham, of the International Mission- ment, with headquarters in Chi- ary Council, once remarked, "In cago, opposed the merger with the the Church, as in the political Inter-Church World Movement but realm, the future lies with the man after long debate adopted the fol- who thinks."

lowing: 2. The new movement, like the Resolved, That the Central Division old, should be interdenominational.

Committee suspend activities and ap- It should not be split up into affilipoint a Committee on Resumption which will be in readiness to under- ated denominational movements take its task as soon as the time may for men. The old Laymen's Misbe propitious. sionary Movement was seriously weakened by the denominations This committee called a confer- taking up the idea on their own ence in May, 1922, and voted to re- account, so that in many cases sume activities. The reorganized business men visualized the work committee was, however, hindered as merely denominational propain getting under way until 1927. ganda and the larger incentive was They have sought to conserve the lost. The laymen of today have it old name and to revive the old spir- in their power to reenforce imit. measurably the conception of mis- sions as the enterprise of a steadily Today we are living in a new unifying Church, one direction, at world of opportunity and of peril. least, in which we can dispose our The War has drawn a sharp line forces for the success of Christianthrough the history and program ity as a whole. of every political and social institution. The cause of foreign mis- A strictly interdenominational sions has been affected in notable movement also is free from the netways. A new generation has come work of restrictions and relationupon the scene. New attitudes are ships which characterize our purebeing formed. New theories pre- ly denominational efforts. For the vail. There are new laymen to be most part these are necessary, and enlisted, and they have the opportunity of the ages. within their sphere are of great In any attempt to rally our value, but there should be room for Christian laymen to a new and the free movement and initiative effective support of missions, the of unecclesiastical groups. The conditions of success appear to me genius of our business men has not to include the following: been exhausted by the invention of 2

the Budget and the Every Member blend of existing faiths. They will Canvass. think of Christian missions as the giving of the best–God's best–to 3. There is a demand for more a suffering world. A sympathetic intensive work in adult missionary approach to the peoples of other education than the old-time con- faiths, a glad and generous recogvention method makes possible. nition of high and permanent val- Big conventions may still have ues in other religions-yes, by all their value, but emphasis should means. But a reality-loving Chrisbe placed upon the reaching of tian business man, if he is to back smaller and more influential a world movement for Christ, will groups of prominent business men, do so because he believes the reand officers of local churches. ligion of Christ is supreme and final. 4. Our laymen will rise above the present timidity in appealing We believe that the time is ripe for money. They are dealing with for a revival of lay activity and inmoney all the time and are not itiative in behalf of missions at afraid to ask for it in a good cause. home and abroad. The movement They are not afraid of the word which started the Every Member promotion. They believe that Canvass and the Church Budget money, as the expression of per- and which has been instrumental sonality, is sacred. They realize in aligning tens of thousands of that in the cause of Christ it can business men in 'missionary belief be made immortal. and activity-the enterprise which inaugurated a new era of mission- 5. Finally, our laymen will be ary support-such a movement, if free from the weakness of present- again given a prominent place in day theological speculation. They our counsels and programs, may will want a motive and a message prove the means of leading us out that ring with the faith and the of the present wilderness of critioptimism of Jesus Christ. It is in- cism, hesitation and receding devoconceivable that they will fall in tion on the part of many in the with the idea that Christianity is Church. but one among many religions, or that the ultimate religion is to be a CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP Two brothers in New York went into partnership as bankers and brokers. One promised God that when he had accumulated a capital of $100,000, he w()uld retire from business and give the rest of his life to Christian work. He did so, and became one of the greatest Sunday-school workers in America. He was the author of many books on the Sunday school, and acted as the moving spirit in the Sunday-school world. He influenced hundreds of young people to go into Christian work and led thousands of boys and girls to give their lives to Christ. He did not leave much of an estate when he died but he laid up spiritual treasure on earth and in heaven.

His brother continued to give all his time to the banking and brokerage business, but all he left behind when he died was money. There was no evident print of sacrificial service.

Who served men and God best and which one left the largest heritage?

WORLD STEWARDSHIP

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, D.D., Montclair, N. J.

Author of UMoney.. the Acid Tcst/' (("Mather Earth/' etc.

T HE foundations of the first at the zero hour in the Church of World Stewardship Confer- England. All other branches of ence, which met recently in the Church are ahead of us." Pro- the historic Tolbooth Church, viding himself with textbooks and Edinburgh, were laid several years pamphlets, he has set out to change before 'it opened. In December, that situation and an Anglican 1926, the General Assembly of the Stewardship Commission is now at United Church in India (North) work along this line.

invited the writer to assist in in- Baptist, Congregational, Anglistalling stewardship in its pro- can, Presbyterian, Primitive Meth- gram. Without knowing of this odist and Wesleyan missionary ex- action, the General Assembly of ecutives and the General Assem- the United Church in Korea sent blies of the Church of Scotland and a similar invitation. A little later Ireland are also taking steps in the a similar r~quest came from the same direction. Instructions were Evangelical Union of Churches in given to Scotch ministers to preach the Philippines and the National stewardship during the week of Council leaders in China and Ja- the World Stewardship Confer- pan followed. Across Asia, from ence. The like of this had not been Bombay to Tokyo at sixty-five cen- known in Great Britain before.

ters, I met in conference thousands The General Assembly of the of leaders of the younger churches Church of Scotland recommended to discuss the principles and meth- permanent provision for the incul- ods of stewardship. cation of Stewardship as a recog- On my way out to India, I nized part of the Church's prostopped in the British Isles to meet gram. This recommendation was groups of ministers and laymen in unanimously adopted.

Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and The Stewardship Conference London, and as a result the pro- opened with a special service in posal was made to hold a World old St. Giles Cathedral, marked by Stewardship Conference in Great a stately dignity. Dr. Ware, Dean Britain. As a result the officers of of the Thistle and Chapel Royal, the International Association for preached on stewardship that Church Finances in Great Britain afternoon with great earnestness.

and the United Stewardship Coun- Among the notables taking part cil of America drafted a program in the conference was the Earl which came to fruition during the of Home, genial Chairman of the Conference which met in Edin- International Association for burgh last summer. Church Finances, who entertained The Venerable Archdeacon some 200 of the delegates at his Smythe, who was delegated from charming home "Birsel" out in the Anglican Church Assembly, the Scott country. It was remark- addressing the Church Assembly able that of the more than fifty at Lambeth said, "Stewardship is who had been assigned parts in the 819

program from near and far, the Four commissions in America had Hon. Lord Sands, who was over- been at work for months and their taken by blindness, and Dr. James reports came as a revelation to Black, prevented by an accident, most of those attending the conferwere the only expected speakers ence. An exhibit including some who were absent. Others who at- 300 titles of stewardship pamtended were: Sir William Hender- phlets (selected out of 1000 availson, Lord Polwarth, Sir D. Y. Cam- able) and 49 textbooks served to eron, Dr. John White, of Barony visualize what has been done in Church, Glasgow; Principal W. F. this field during a decade or two. Lofthouse of Birmingham; the On the other side, the first stew- Very Rev. J. Harry Miller, Edin- ardship textbook produced as yet burgh; Mr. Ernest Brown, M. P., has recently come from the press, who, judging by the masterly way "Studies in Christian Stewardhe conducted the session on "The ship" by Rev. D. W. P. Strang, World Challenge of the Church of M.C., M.A. of Edinburgh, who Today," will prove a leader to be made one of the strongest adreckoned with in Parliament; the dresses of the conference on "All Venerable Archdeacon Smythe, Life as a Stewardship." With this who missed nothing in the entire should be bracketed "The Chalprogram; the Dean of Armagh, lenge of the Growing Influence of one of the representatives of the the Material," by Ralph L. Cush- Church of Ireland; the Most Rev. man of Rochester, N. Y. W. J. F. Robberds, Bishop of Brechin and Primus of the Epis- The conference was designed to copal Church in Scotland; Canon be not only inspirational and edu- R. J. Mackay, of the same, who cational but also promotional in extook in everything; Mr. S. E. tending stewardship principles and Hodgkin, a founder of the Friends' practice. Conditions which have Trust, Ltd.; Mr. John B. Gotts, been ripening for some years were Chairman of the Congregational calling loudly for a cooperative Union of London; Dr. Adolph Kel- movement extending this neglected ler, of Geneva; Oberkansistarial- aspect of the Gospel to the younger rat Gustavus and Pastor Harney churches on the mission fields, as of Berlin; Mr. Bahari Lall Rallia well as to the older and desperately Ram, General Secretary of the Na- needy churches of Europe. Hithtional Council, Y. M. C. A. of In- erto no channel had been opened dia and Prof. A. M. Daula, La- to serve this purpose. What rehore, India. Of the Canadian del- sponse would the first World Stewegation may be mentioned only Dr. ardship Conference make? The W. M. Rochester, Chairman of the response was not merely in the Western Section, Pan-Presbyte- ringing addresses which marked rian Alliance, and Dr. Peter Bryce, every session, but in the definite both of Canada. Nine members of plan of action which emerged at the United Stewardship Council of the close, providing for concerted the U. S. A. and Canada attended action in which the stronger naand made valuable contributions; tional groups will aid the weaker, Agar, Crawford, Howser, Lampe, the world around. Out of the con- Long, Lovejoy, McConaughy, Myers and Mrs. James Duguid, Jr. ference there is to emerge a World Stewardship. Union, with a coun- cil to be resolved into two sections,

THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFERENCE

one with headquarters in U. S. A., for Bible classes; a handbook for including council members resident office bearers. The Committee on in North, Central and South Amer- Education for the Ministry is ica, Bahamas, Japan, Chosen, asked to arrange for embodying China and the Philippines and an- Stewardship in pastoral theology other, with headquarters in Great literature for divinity students. Britain, including members resi- Presbyteries are asked to arrange dent in Europe, Western Asia, In- for speakers to present the subject dia, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, at their meetings and to appoint Australia, New Zealand, the action Stewardship committees to propaof either section to become effec- gate it among ministers and office tive only when ratified by the bearers. These and other measother. Thus ample scope for in- ures already adopted evidence the itiative is afforded, while preserv- thoroughness with which the ing the integrity of the organiza- Scotch churches are taking up this tion. vital matter. And· this is typical of the spirit in which the delegates In Scotland good progress is be- went down from the Tolbooth ing made in providing educational Church and away to the ends of material, such as textbooks, leaf- the earth with a new vision and a lets, posters, etc., for use in their new passion. congregations; articles in Life CLnd Work, youth magazines and the The story of the Conference has been isgeneral press; Sunday School syl- sued in a book which may be obtained through labuses for lessons and textbooks Mr. H. S. Myers, Secretary of the United Stew- ardship Council, U. S. A., 152 Madison Avenue, New York, at 60 cents a copy.

MISSIONARY GIVING Dr. A. L. Warnshuis of the International Missionary Council has prepared the following table showing the aggregate expenditures of the missionary societies cooperating in the national missionary organizations represented in the International Missionary Council for the years 1927 to 1929. The figures for 1930 and 1931 will probably show considerable decrease.

I i . Average I 1929 Aggrl'gate 1927 1928 : Roar I Expenditu:re EXChange, Reduced to Dollars Australia ………. ,£ 285,701 285,701' –2-85-,-7-01-21'4.86625 :-$-1-,-39-0-,2-9-2-.4-9 Belgium ………… Fr. 145,684' : 207,828 Ii 166.672 .. 0278 Denmark ………. Kr. 2,021,713 i 2,061.520 I 1,971,014 •. 268 4,820.38 Finland (2 societies) M. France …………. Fr. 540.926.38 Germany ………• :M. Great Britain …… ,£ 4,433,839 i 4,241,2891 4,691,507 'I .025185 112,212.90 Latin America ….. $ 3,835,834 3,381,966 3,980,402 .031)175 146,231.03 Netherlands ……. FI. 5,728,059. 5,860,400 6,086,209 .. 238 1,402,190.33 New Zealand ……. [ ,£ U. S. A. and Oanada' $ 2,349,502 . 2,308,704 2,295,021 4.86625 11,280,171.88 Norway ………… KI'. Sweden ………….. Kr. 4,402,657 3,700.1841 …… : 4.051,420.00 Switzerland ••…..• ! Fr. 1,385.317 1,350,564 1,179,000 .402 , 524,593.92 South Africa ••…•• j £ 95,000 96,950 96,9504.86625 i 468,619.88 31.346,972 27,515,956 28,523,939! …… i 29,128,956.00 33,,884974,.302070' 3,240.510 1,796,000 1.268 I 797,792.32 4,016,107 4,625,916 .268 : 1,115,715.36 1,594,925 1,322,887 1,507,203 .193 284,675.97 100,000 100,000 140,000 4.86625 I 551,506.71 $51,800.125.55 1 Figures for 1926. 2 Figures for 1927. 3 EXI'II1,sive of expenditure in Latin America.

WORKING MAN AND THE

BY THE REV. EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pa8tor oj Grace aon~munity ChU1"oh EVERY individual has a right this light the Church must confess to live completely the full that it has not adequately served range of creative possibility, the needs of the working man.

both as a unit and as a member of More often it has embarrassed him. society. Application to this right Too often in his darkest hour and involves specific interests and prob- most terrible need, the Church has lems. To the working man, the spe- refused to lift a finger in his becific application is largely tied up half.

with economic well being. Charity and philanthropy be- The Church dare not limit itself come a patch on the social fabric through which may still be seen the to purely religious problems; it hideousness of it all. In the presmust face also the ethical and prac- ent order, one cannot outrun ignotical if it is to help the working rance, superstition, injustice, sufman. Poverty may have led St. fering, exploitations, fears, hun- Francis into the Church and holi- ger, rags, awfulness. The best is ness; nevertheless, poverty leads often bad. Appearances do not a greater number away from the save. Worst of all, and over it all, Church. is the ever present and grim figure of privilege. In our confused social order, the Church cannot deny one of the two In order to help the working conflicting alternatives, paternal- man, the Church must endorse or, ism and trusteeship, or complete as Bishop McConnell has sugdemocracy. If the Church chooses gested, must baptize and take into the former theory, it is in easy its fellowship only that social orcompany and well entrenched. It der which the Church is sure has is then a free agency to inspire the been completely converted. The erection of philanthropic institu- working man must eventually meet tions and to spend increasing mil- his own needs. If these needs are lions in charity, without any seri- to be met through the Church, the ous analysis of the status quo. As working man must be in the such, the Church will have the full Church. He will not come to the confidence of the powerful, and can Church until his confidence is reenjoy frank optimism. Because stored. this theory is held by the dominant group, it will be complacently ac- Generally, the worker is outside cepted by many in all walks of life, of the Church, and where he is asincluding many working men who sociated with a workers' movemay find that the system does ment, he is prejudiced against the serve him to a certain extent. Church. To gain his confidence, the Church must know how labor If, however, the Church chooses thinks and feels. The intelligent complete democracy, its function is worker is certain that the Church far more difficult. Its effort may as a whole is influenced by the ultimately shake the foundations dominant economic life of the day, of long accepted institutions. In 822 and is unacquainted with his essen- effective these resolutions have tial needs or struggles. been may be indicated by a Social There are churches and church Service report in a Methodist Con- leaders preparing the way for a ference, in which the Commission new day of evangelization. Some undertook to discover the actual of these are as effective as any out- status of the "Social Creed of the side of the Church. They voice the Churches," and of the social mind- plight of the worker not as a victim edness of the conference member- of charity, but as a responsible ship. The questionnaire was sent agency in the creative genius and to 157 pastors representing all power of society. They stand for types of churches. The report fundamental adjustment and clearly indicated that fully "half change, offering labor a just place of the laymen are relatively indif- in the cooperative challenge of the ferent to the social implications of Church. They want labor to speak the GospeL" In spite of the dis- for itself, and they aim that labor ciplinary request that the social shall be heard. creed be read once a year, less than Some feel that this is flirting one-third of the churches gave any with radical propoganda. It is not attention to it. In still fewer as radical as it seems, if we recog- churches were the annual reports nize that' the function of the of the Social Service Commission Church is to christianize and to es- called to the attention of the con- tablish a Kingdom of God on earth. gregations. In less than half of Until today the christianization of the churches no particular atten- our capitalistic society has been tion seemed to have been given to largely the capitalization of Chris- social subjects in the educational tianity. An honest attempt to programs.

christianize the worker would A Social Creed Questionnaire bring the Church much nearer the highway of God. The writer, in teaching a course Bishop McConnell says: "The in "The Church and Industry" at trouble with all social systems is an Epworth League Institute, be- that they need Christian birth into gan the course with a social creed a new spirit. It is no doubt quix- questionnaire on the first day, to otic when a preacher tries to bring discover how much these Methodist labor radicalism into line with the young people were thinking about spirit of Jesus, but it is no more such matters. There were twelve quixotic than to attempt to get oil questions. Ninety-nine members kings, and steel kings, and meat of the class replied.

kings, and grain kings to rule pri- In answer to the question, marily for the service of the gov- "What do you think of Russia?" erned. It is a strenuous task, any only ten responded with even a suway you look at it, this task of in- perficial understanding. Most of stitutional regeneration and sanc- the opinions expressed indicated tification." * hearsay and prejudice, suggesting Most denominations have made every conceivable color, such as fairly definite pronouncements sug- "uncivilized," "infiuencing world gesting radical movements along for the bad," "primitive laws and the whole Church front. Just how ideas," "radical and dangerous,"

• LivIng Together," page 110. etc.

There were sixty-one different taken seriously its application to reasons given for the present de- the needs of the working man.

pression, ranging from war and The irony of it all was revealed over-production, to Hoover, pessi- in a delegation from a mining mists, Kaiser Wilhelm and Com- town, which, in desiring to be dis- munists. Blame for the depression tinct, dressed as miners, with extended from foreigners, inven- miners' caps. The members of this tors, gangsters, and multi-mil- delegation in the class in Industry, lionaries, to "Nobody, it was just came not from miners' homes, but time for one." Various remedies from the townsmen and business were suggested, such as "Needs no element.

change," "by not living so high and The Church cannot meet the fast," "putting bums to work," needs of the working man until it "system like Russia," "no use do- is working-man conscious. Even ing anything; poor are hopeless; the average American working don't know how to use what they man, not as yet class conscious and have." Fifty-five felt that some- aware of a class struggle, has only thing was wrong, and forty-five felt a nominal interest in the Church.

that there might be some kind of His support can be and is periodi- trouble or revolution. cally exploited by waves of occa- Seventy-two thought that there sional local enthusiasm. He isn't was free speech in America, re- prejudiced, and yet to him the gardless of what one might believe. Church doesn't make a lot of differ- In answer to the question, "Where ence. have you read anything about any of these questions recently?" thir- No wonder the Industrial ty-two had read nothing; others Church is a battle, even where for had gleaned their convictions from years the Church and the pastor the Literary Digest, Liberty, have consistently attempted to American Magazine, Popular Me- meet the worker on his own chanics, Saturday Evening Post, ground. Nevertheless, it is here The Denver Post, etc. Six men- that the Church is really beginning tioned the Epworth Herald. to meet the needs of the working man. For the time being, a work- Not one in the class was aware ers' church cannot be anything but of the "Social Creed of the Church- class conscious. To serve the es." Only one reported remember- worker means nothing less than to ing his preacher ever saying any- fight with him in his struggle for thing about the subjects. In re- fair play and justice.

sponse to the question on War, An Industrial Church in Denver seventeen were pacifists, forty-one Grace Church, Denver, through believed in disarmament, and thir- the leadership of Dr. George S.

ty-one in preparedness. Forty- Lackland, and Dr. A. A. Heist, has seven believed that prohibition was earned national recognition for its the major issue of the day. In intelligent and effective service to these two instances, there was evi- the working man. Here, labor is denced clearly the influence of the invited through the years to work Church. Certainly, this report, out its destiny. Wherever and however superficial it is, indicates whenever labor has needed an ex- that the Church has not as yet tra wheel, Grace Church has func-

THE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH

tioned. Such institutions as the With sinking heart I remembered Labor College, Labor Summer that these two gentlemen had can- School, etc., were established vassed Tony's neighborhood for through the cooperation of Grace church funds, and I thought that Church. Whenever free speech is here was a characteristic experi- threatened, the Denver Open Fo- ence, in which folks get angry rum has given the worker a chance when asked for money for the to hear and talk. Church.

In times of agitation and stress, I started to explain, when he in- whether in a strike, or the organ- terrupted, "N0, no, no, I mad ization of a cooperative, or a 'cause dey no ask me for no sub- Mooney-Billings mass meeting, scrip."

Grace Church is open for assem- My spirit revived, and I volun- bly. Gradually, suspicions have tered that I was an agent of the been lifted and the workers of Church, and could do for him that Denver, and many over the coun- which had been neglected. The try, are beginning to realize that Church received its first $5.00 in after all, the Church has a place in cash. I asked Tony why he didn't the sun. They find their young come to church, "Oh, I come some- . people intelligent and conversant, time. I come sometime," he said.

and surging with aspirations, "Yes," I retorted, "you come through discussion and study sometime and bring your wife."

classes, and the Cooperative and This induced an explosion, "No, Credit Union. no, no! My wife? No, no! My In it all, and around it all is a wife, she no good. She no spek spirit of worship, in which is prac- Englis, she no write Englis, she no ticed the prellence of God, and in good, but I come sometime."

which the principles of Jesus are "Yes," I said, "Be sure and evaluated, and a social gospel is come. Your wife is all right. She preached. There is planted a seed, can hear the music. You come now germinating, soon to grow. with her. Do you both good."

If the Church as a whole will heed, He grasped my hand, holding it statistics will be no matter. Men tight and drawing it gradually to will come by the thousands, proud his breast, so I could feel his heart and happy to own their Lord. beat. I shall never forget that Tony, an Italian, came running heart. It was the heart of a work- to me one day as I stood on a street ing man, pleading for all that was in the little coal mining camp of good. He said as no other could, Hiawatha, Utah. Tony, in New "I go to your Church once. I see York, might have been an efficient de cross in de front of de Church.

banana salesman, but he was a You my priest." Then desperate- miner and having a hard time of it. ly, and with tears, as if all the He called breathlessly, "Father world must hear, "Your cross, my Walgub, Father Walgub, I wanna cross."

talk on you." May this be so. May humanity "Come on Tony," I replied, be entirely released to live, to lift, "talk if you want, talk all over to sing, to laugh, to work, and to me." love, in a common joy, with grim "I mad, I mad, I mad, Mr. Rud- privilege, unmasked and converted, dy, Mr. Brady," he said in a rush, for the good of all men.

A MINISTER SOLVES

SINGLE-HANDED, the Rev. ninety days fr~m 75 to 345 persons, William T. Morgan of War- one substantial meal at noon, and rior, Alabama, set himself to many at breakfast. ThQusands of the task of removing 300 names of piecE*! of clothing have been distribunemployed from the charity list. uted to the needy. Used garments The miners had to be trained in un- and shoes have been repaired by his own workers. They now have a poultry plant com- plete w.~th a capacity of 750 fowls, and about 100 fowls are in the pens. Most of the men and their wives want t~ follow agriculture.

There is a garage for the accom- mQdation of young men studying the art of automobile mechanics. Other classes are maintained in shoemaking, carpentry, and furniture repairing.

There is a complete canning fac- tory, with a ·daily capacity of 2,000 cans. An experienced commercial canner instructs the students. There is also a large grist-mill which will soon be in operation. They will grind for the c~mmuni ty as well as commer- cial purposes. ..

One of the largest industries is the women's work. About seventy-five women and girls have enrolled for the sewing classes, which are specializing in quilts. About twenty-five different B y Court es" of the Literary Dige. t patterns of quilts are being made out T HE REV. WILLIAM T. MORGAN of new cloth.

familiar work for their day as coal- Nowhere in the country is a saner miners was ended. Mr. Morgan organized families into a commu- effort being made to solve the unemnity center and taught them agriculture, shoe-repairing, and other ployment problem. trades. School work is an important part of The Montgom ery Advertiser (Quoted in The Literary Digest) the experiment. Many of the resisays: dents, adults and children, are learn- He and his workers have cleared about twenty acres of land, have taken ing to read and write and are masterabout 75,000 feet of lumber from the timber out of which lumber the houses ing the rudiments of arithmetic. At needed have been built. The entire forty acres is now one large garden. the center there is a half-day of work Mr. Morgan has fed every day for and a half-day of schooling.

And all of this has been done with less than $3,000 in cash! There have been liberal donations of certain ma- terials, but the land had to be bought, and there- were unavoidable expenses which could be paid Qnly in cash.

This shows what leadership, courage, and enthusiasm will do to solve this great prOblem.

82(i

!ourfewy of The Literary Digest (See article p . 8t6

UNElfPLOYED MADE SELF-SUPPORTING BY MR. MORGAN IN ALABAMA HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS BY ADELA J. BALLARD We8tern Super,";8ar of M 'igrant Wo r k, Oaun(}/I of Wom en for !lame Mi s.ia"",, A LONG line of decrepit cars "You give foods till crop are were parked in front of the gone? Much families, and no of "General Merchandise" sign the moneys. You let buys for us?" of the small-town store. A group "Who you work for," asked the of nondescript individuals crowded clerk gruffly, "Did your boss sign the long room until the chatter was your slip?" The two men shook deafening and the air stifling. a despondent negative and the first Two growers pushed their way speaker replied: back through the throng into the office where the manager sat work- "He say 'not know us.' Next ing on the books. Children were year mebby he sign paper. Not here, there and everywhere. Two now. No work-no eat! We pay. races and a dozen nationalities Many childrens-all works. Got mingled amicably without a trace eight-ten-oh many children." of friction. Without more words the clerk Two men, obviously new Ameri- passed the assignment slip to the cans, stood hesitantly back while manager who happened to be passothers were selecting stores of ing with the two growers who had canned goods from the laden entered his office a moment before. shelves. Finally one of the two He glanced at the slip, eyed the approached the hurried clerk, hesi- pair appraisingly, asked to be tated, then took courage and asked shown the family cars and finally diffidently; nodded in affirmation, "Oh, give 'em five dollars worth of stuff, 'an 827

I'll see Gregg. They look like fair "You cannot shop in peace. You risks. Big nuisance this bunch, cannot even drive along the highbut I suppose if they pick they ways without encountering their have got to eat. disgusting camps," she finished ir- ritatedly. "Why let them?" He turned to the two men, "You see you pay! Be in here Saturday. At her elbow a townsman spoke Nothing more for you until Gregg quickly: sign your paper!" "Let them! Would you come out At this moment the door opened and pick berries for me? Mine are and a local woman entered the dropping from the bushes! I've got to get fifty pickers at once. If HELPING AN INJUR~JD CHILD IN THE we do not have three thousand of COTTON FIELD them in this valley we go broke. No one here will stick to the job. store. Utter disgust was in her Its no play work and the pay is attitude. "Why do you give credit rotten unless the crop is heavy. to such riffraff," she asked dis- I'm glad enough to see the bunch gustedly. "There ought to be a go. We get anything from small law against such people entering pox to leprosy while they are here the town. The school is full of but we've got to have 'em. Any them and we have to see our own pickers in this morning?" he asked children mixed up with them and the manager, who was also mayor, in with them. Public money should and Berry Growers Association not be spent on children who come president as well as a few other from outside our own county. No things. one knows what diseases they bring and as for morals-" words A fellow grower took up the failed her for the moment. woman's question.

"What are you going to do? You want your canned goods. You want the fruit which isn't raised in this locality. The work is all done by migrants. You local folk won't do the work. Migrants are a neces- sary evil. Let 'em work and get out. But I'll tell you one thing! We are not going to have a hang- over of ninety or a hundred fam- ilies for this town to support this winter. Fruit over, out they go. Cheaper to give 'em gas to get out than to have 'em hanging around in the berry shacks. If we cannot get 'em out any other way make 'em so uncomfortable they will be glad to get out. We've got to have 'em, but there's no sense in spend- ing money on them. 'On agin, off agin, gone agin Flannigan,' is my motto when it comes to pickers." He turned to the merchant-"!'ll

HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS

see you get your money, there now. A funny bunch, but more won't be much left for the poor decent than some. My wife said devils, but we have to protect our some of them went to church Sunbusiness men. Where do they come day night. That's got to stop. from? Every state in the union I We'll have epidemics all over the guess. Any kicks on the housing neighborhood if that keeps up." this year?" he asked the other grower. "Religion for pickers," laughed a newcomer. "They wouldn't know "Yep," the man growled impa- it if they met it. They probably tiently, "Two fools came down went to church just as they would from the state department this go to a circus. But we do sell a week. Sanitation! They don't know heap of stuff to 'em all told. I got how to use it when they have it. rid of two old cars to some who A CANNERY VACATION SCHOOL IN CHARGE OF A NURSE EMPLOYED BY THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME ",USSIONS I put a screen door on each cabin- came in last week. Pretty good they tie it back with a string. It price too. They wan't worth much, takes a policeman to make them but trust a fruit tramp to get the use the garbage cans. I put new last mile out of the old tin Lizzie. wash basins in the shacks and the Don't suppose they'll ever get the idiots use it to wash the kids faces balance paid for, but I can take it in the morning and to boil the pota- back at the end of the season and toes in at night! They are certainly have a new sale next year. Plenty a messy lot. Hope enough of them room in the old garage to store come in so we can pick today. I 'em." put 'three hundred wanted' on my ad. Don't suppose I'll need more The group separated as a crowd than a hundred and fifty, but as of pickers entered the door. The long as they keep coming I can sign "One thousand pickers wanted immediately" had lured them to pick and choose. Got fifty families the town. This was small, but the

thousands of acres of back country tion and poverty, coupled with held the greater part of the popu- inadequate housing and almost lation which demanded the migra- complete lack of sanitation makes tory group four months of the the health of the migrant worker year supplying the fruit which a menace to his own group and to kept another huge group of mi- any community into which he may gratory families busy in the can- enter. Many of the camps are not neries of a near-by city. immoral- they are frankly un- This conversation reflects rather moral. Literally thousands of the faithfully the attitudes, problems, children are born in the crops- the indifferences of the average many of them die there for the population of the average town mortality of the child in the sea- where the migratory labor groups sonal labor camp is very high. Few swamp all agencies for a few brief communities have a sympathetic months of the year or are a prob- attitude toward the migrant work- lem of the entire three hundred er – the situation is regarded as and sixty-five days of the twelve hopeless, although there are some months. Because of the reaction happy exceptions to this statement, on our future citizenship – for but these exceptions are usually in there is more than a million and localities where a religious agency a half of people in the U. S. whose has demonstrated that it is possible lives are conditioned by the crops to change conditions and that the -it is time we faced the problem migrant will respond to sympa- squarely. thetic friendliness.

This the home mission agencies With the tangle of races; the tried to do in Section XI of the jumble of creeds; the racial an- North American Hom eMissions tagonisms and the superiority com- Congress. From that Section came plexes, the task of meeting the some challenging conclusions: need of the migrant is a difficult First the general situation was one. For the Anglo-Saxon is not faced. Both religious and social the only one with a superiority workers sat in at the Conference, complex-sometimes one of the together they summed up facts: first duties of the worker is to We as a nation are fast becom- teach that "some Americans are as ing a highly specialized agricul- good as the people of other races."

tural country. This development And the home mission worker must has involved the bringing in of a acknowledge that the community vast number of seasonal laborers, and the grower have problems to many of them family groups. These face as well as does" the migrant people must shift from place to himself. We cannot ignore the place in order to have anything fact that much of our wealth and like continuous employment. For of our personal release from these shifting nomads there can be drudgery comes to us from the no normal home life; little of help- work of this group. Forty-three ful social contact with community millions of wealth comes into one life; even where compulsory school state alone through the work of attendance laws are enforced, the the seasonal laborer!

constant change of location pre- The need of this vast army of vents adequate educational oppor- people, not less than a million and tunity. The ignorance, supersti- probably many more than that is

an outstanding challenge to the far distant from organized church followers of Christ today, but the work. call is for a cooperative service: Cooperation financially has made Health, educational, social and it possible for the Council of Womreligious agencies must offer a en for Home Missions to transform united service if the need is to be the thinking of a few communities met, but the church must lead in where migrants throng. It needs community program and not fol- demonstration stations to convince low. It is folly to duplicate the the grower, the community, the work of other agencies-the func- church, that new ideals can enter tion of the church is to sanction migrant camps; that lives can be where other agencies have better transformed; that the problem of equipment for the task and to sup- the grower can be lessened and betplement by fostering community ter service gained if camps are sentiment in enforcement cam- made habitable, health conditions paigns and the educating of com- bettered and moral training given. munity attitudes. Denominational It is the cooperative service that competition must be forgotten that the grower welcomes, he wants no denominational cooperation may divisive effort in his camp, but a offer service: That the church may Christian service wins respect; he serve there must be welcomes the Christian teacher, nurse, and friendly visitor who will Intelligent cooperation with secular migrate with the migrants. Where agencies. the grower welcomes he supports the work. More adequate training for ministers and workers entering rural fields. The church must lead in trans- forming the thought of communi- Willingness to allow the home mis- ties; in making possible the assion agency best fitted for the work similation of the migrant into the to occupy the field. community life, we must first make this life attractive to him be- A Christlike attitude on the part fore you can make him desire it! of Christian people. This can be done only through in- timate contact with "living epis- Home training which will allow tles," radiating the love of Him friendship projects with the alien on who came to serve. Only the our doorstep as well as with the child church can change the tragedy of across the sea. the life of the migrant and make of him an asset instead of a men- Education within the church group ace to the national life of America. which will stress the economic values of the work of the migratory group– The answer to the question, "Who is the racial contributions and the in- my neighbor?" must take in all the dividual worth and the potential pos- children of men, whatever their race, sibility of the migrant child. color or creed.-William Lyon Phelps.

Protective legislation and enforce- We measure the greatness of a man ment to insure the migratory worker by what he does in adversity.-A. W. the rights, protection and environ- Beaven.

ment which should be the right 0-1 every citizen.

An adequate financial support for the agencies such as the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Home Missions Council, etc., in the putting on of surveys and programs in fields

MISSIONARIES USE THE

BY HUBERT W. PEET, London, England Editor 01 the Far and Near Pres8 Bureau M ANY missionaries in far dis- with others living in isolated spots. tant lands find in wireless a In the New Hebrides advance in- new means of refreshment, formation of coming storms is spiritual, mental and recreational. greatly helping the missionaries in "The wireless keeps us from becom- breaking down belief in witchcraft ing old fogies and 'moss-backs,'" and the rain-maker. An Indian said one man living in the forests missionary says that during King of the Amazon. The chief obstacles, George's illness he was pestered for apart from expense, are atmospher- daily reports of the King's health ics; difficulty regarding recharging by the people of his village.

batteries, as in Tristan da Cunha; This same missionary takes his or the climatic effect on the receiv- home-made four-valve set with him er. The Bjshop of Melanesia says when he visits other villages in everything soon goes rusty in his Bengal. He puts up his aerial in part of the world. On the other the palm trees and listens to the hand, in Persia, Bishop Linton's afternoon Bengali program from difficulty is that the Baku Station Calcutta. The villagers crowd jams Daventry in three languages! round his loud-speaker to listen be~ Missionaries, in some fields, are fore he begins preaching and teach- among the few people who are able ing.

to listen to the events "the day be- The most ambitious missionary fore they occur !" For calendar pur- use of wireless in India is the poses the day is deemed to begin at scheme being carried out by Mr.

the 180th meridian which runs Harold H. Peterson, of the Y. M.

from Behring Sea to the South C. A., Lahore. Their Radio Club Pole: New Zealand is on the west last year obtained a transmitting of this line, and the Cook Islands license from the Indian Govern- are on the east of this Date line. ment, permitting them to broad- Before the sun sets in the Cook cast on 340 metres with a power of Islands area, it is heralding the 100 watts. Their station is entirely next day of the month in New Zea- home-made and their programs land. Thus when it is still Satur- cover an area of over fifteen hun- day night with the missionary in dred miles. In addition to their the Cook Islands he and his island- own stUdio in the Y. M. C. A. build- ers can listen to the Sunday morn- ing, they have wires running to the ing service being broadcast in New Forman Christian College and to Zealand! When the Rugby team the Lahore Telephone Exchange.

play a test match in Wellington, They can thus pick up and broad- New Zealand, on Saturday, the re- cast valuable lectures and talks, suIt is heard by wireless on Friday both in English and the vernacular, in Cook Islands. given elsewhere than in the studio.

This opportunity of getting news Dr. Lindsay, Master of Balliol Col- by radio is one of the great advan- lege, Oxford, dUring his recent visit tages which missionaries now share to India, spoke on Adult Education, 832 and three members of the Indian ast, four hundred miles from the Round Table Conference on their coast in Central Africa, reports return, gave accounts of their ex- "static is as bad as anywhere on periences in England. This is a earth." After he had made a short- wonderful piece of work, especial- wave set, he began to pick up code ly as all the operations and main- messages from amateurs from all tenance are carried out by inter- over the world; Australians in the ested amateurs, British, American afternoon; South Africans and and Indian. Englishmen in the evening; Amer- Another interesting example of icans in the early morning. One the missionary use of wireless is at evening he heard the Queen of the the School for the Deaf, belonging Netherlands opening a new Dutch to the Church of England Zenana station. The two British Stations Mission at Mount Lavinia, Ceylon. are heard plainly and Nairobi, in By the use of what is called an "os- East Africa, comes over well. He siphone," those who can hardly also hears American stations. This hear ordinary speech are able to was all done on a home-made set, listen to wireless programs. . constructed, as he said, of "any old Excellent educational work is also junk." He never had more than being done in some parts of China, three fairly good. valves. He made although in certain remote districts his condenser out of some pieces of the uneducated fear that the aerials brass washboard and a broken are some devilish form of entangle- photographic developing tray; he ment! improvised other gadgets out of At Jefferson Academy, a mission- odds and ends. For a time he re- ary school twelve miles from Peip- made his batteries by adding zinc ing, a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Eu- and sal-ammoniac to old ones. Later gene J. Fan, is responsible for two he constructed a small dynamo, weekly broadcasts from the school, driven by a water-wheel, and cut up power for the transmission being an old motor battery which he obtained from the Peiping Tram- mounted in test tubes and charged.

ways plant. These programs are The authorities in the district-it picked up by the workers from the was not British territory-were school and also by the village very suspicious of what he was do- churches. Mr. Fan has taught ing, but his success is an indica- many of the boys how to make sets tion of what a missionary, who is of their own, through which they also a wireless enthusiast, may ac- pick up Chinese and Japanese sta- complish.

tions. The Japanese broadcasting Anglican and Roman Catholic system is well developed, and mis- missionaries in East Africa are sionaries are not infrequently in- hoping great things from the de- vited to·speak or preach over them: velopment of educational programs Missionaries on the Gold Coast at the wireless station at Nairobi, of West Africa set their clocks by in Kenya Colony. Some of them Big Ben, in London, but over a can pick up stations as far afield as great area of Africa, atmospherics Java and Australia, but such pro- and the small number of broadcast- grams are of little educational ing centers prevent missionaries value for African listeners.

making much use of wireless pro- Another wireless expert, Mr.

grams. One experienced enthusi- George Kirby Raws, of Liverpool, 3 went out to help Mr. Kendall Gale veloped wireless service in the in a very undeveloped part of northern parts of Australia in con- Madagascar. They get European, nection with its medical centers.

American and South African sta- Each post is. equipped with a wire- tions. Mr. Gale says that it is dif- less outfit through which it is pos- ficult to express what it meant to sible to communicate with their fly- listen-in to a Birmingham concert ing doctor at his center hundreds and to think that his wife and chil- of miles away. At first the great dren in that city were probably difficulty was how to provide a listening-in too. The fact that he simple type of generator for the can hear the preacher breathing transmission of messages. The and some of the congregation Mission solved the problem by the coughing, as he did recently during use of an apparatus, the power for a Westminster Abbey broadcast which is generated by the operator service, seems to eliminate the dis- with a pair of pedals, as if he were tance between Madagascar and cycling. Today the isolated mis- England, and make him a worship- sionaries and nurses can get advice per in London. and help with very little delay. A The more primitive of the Afri- letter from a missionary in the can tribes; who have been able to Gulf of Carpentaria tells how his listen-in to some missionary's set, receiving and transmitting set has soon tire of this white man's won- broken down his feeling of isola- der. They appear to prefer the tion. Last autumn he sent out by gramophone, which is a more un- his transmitter a description of the derstandable mystery, especially as symptoms from which he was suf- the number of records in native fering and shortly afterwards he languages is rapidly increasing. received a message that the remedy One of the first "wireless" instal- was on its way by aeroplane to lations in the Far North was at the catch the boat which visits his is- Moravian Mission School at Nak- land every four months.

kovik, Labrador. It came in re- Missionaries in the Fly River sponse to a Sunday afternoon talk area of New Guinea, where· James six years ago, when Captain Jack- Chalmers was murdered, now pick son mentioned the need for a re- up Australian programs. In the ceiving set. More than one church Gilbert Islands, some of the most in Newfoundland now broadcasts lonely in the Pacific, the Beru Sta- services which are picked up by tion of the London Missionary So- fishing fleets, and by missionaries ciety has a wireless transmitter and settlers in the Far North. In and is able to communicate by Alaska, the missionary at the Pres- Morse Code with the Government byterian Mission at Anchorage, and Phosphate Commission wire- regularly puts his services "on the less operator on Ocean' Island.

air" for the benefit of scattered lis- Last year five hundred Gilbertese teners in those Arctic regions. Bibles were wanted in Beru, so a Frequently wireless brings aid to wireless order was sent via Ocean sufferers in the mission field. In Island and Sydney to the Bible Australia both air and ether enter House. The books were delivered into the regular programs of work by the "John Williams" only four- undertaken by the Australian In- and-a-half months later, whereas land Mission, which has a well-de- ordinarily it would have taken over

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

a year between the sending of the right,' and I've been a Christian message and the delivery of the ever since." This lady later had Bibles. The workers on Beru now evidence of the reality of the new know when they may expect a visit life this man was living, for he was from the "John Williams," or what known everywhere for his truthhat! happened when she is late. worthiness.

A lady who was visiting the In refreshing men and women Pyramids in Egypt asked her in their loneliness in the mission camel~driver if he were a Chris- field with news, amusement, as well tian, "Yes, now," he replied. as services, and as an instrument "Last year, went to England with for the dissemination of knowledge my master. On wireless I heard and the spread of the Christian of Jesus Christ. I heard nothing Message, wireless has an increasbut a voice. I go on my knees and ing part to play in building the I say 'Here am L' Jesus said 'All Kingdom of God.

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

T HE modern missionary move- than when Dr. Wainwright went to ment is more than a century that country forty years ago. old and marvels of spiritual triumph have attended its course. It is not cause for discourage- Millions of people have been con- ment that evangelization is so far verted to Christ; other millions from complete in the world. While have been given Christian educa- the increase of population has outtion. Other millions have been run the increase of Christians, the blessed through its healing agency; influence of false religion has not other millions who have not pro- kept pace with the influence of fessed conversion have been in- Christianity. The world never fluenced by its lofty standards. needed Christ and His Gospel more than men need Him today. These Some people at home, who can- are stirring times and, unless the not make an intelligent appraise- course of events is steered by ment of the situation, are inclined Christ, disaster impends. to conclude that the end of the enterprise must be near at hand. This is the time for advance all Such a conclusion is far from the along the line. The Church of facts. There are 100,000,000 more people in India today who have no Christ has every facility for conmore idea of the meaning of quest, except consecration. Let Christ's name than there were there be a holy abandon to the when William Carey started the work of winning the whole wide modern era of missions. world to God and full dependence on Him, and the Kingdom will There are more people in Japan move forward with greatly accelerwho have no~ heard the Gospel ated step. – Wesleyan Christian Advocate.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN *

BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan T HE Kingdom of God Move- correspondingly, and in the period ment is the third great na- of two and one-half years up to tional evangelistic campaign July, 1930, I have received as many in Japan since the turn of the cen- as fifty thousand decision cards.

tury. Though in both of the pre- During a recent trip of only a little vious campaigns some denomina- over a month to North Japan and tions participated, some remained Saghalien, I have had about four outside. This time excepting the thousand cards signed in my meet- Roman and Greek Churches and ings.

the new Holiness Church which It is evident that the Kingdom has hardly had time yet to "find it- of God Movement was launched at self," all the denominations of any the right moment. If we had size are participating, represent- waited until this year to start it, ing a total of more than two hun- it would have been too late. Get- dred thousand believers altogether. ting started before the anti-reli- This campaign is thus more ade- gious movement had gathered mo- quate and more unanimous than mentum it headed it off from the any previous one. beginning, and is already nation- Moreover, the nation is ripe for wide in its influence for Christ.

a great forward Christian move- Consequently Imperial University ment. Millions of people who want professors are commenting on the to believe in the Gospel are remain- belated anti-religious movement, ing unreached. To this fact I can calling it unnatural and expecting testify from my personal experi- that it will not enlist much public ence. After the earthquake of support.

1923 I preached for one hundred The gratifying numerical re- and twenty-four successive nights ports of the Kingdom of God Move- in the various churches of Tokyo, ment should not, however, be mis- and received about 5700 decision interpreted. I have been told that cards from those who had decided some of our friends are counting for Christ in the meetings. In up the statistics and computing 1926 I preached in Osaka and re- the possibilities of winning a mil- ceived about nine thousand; and lion new baptized Christians to in 1927 I travelled about Japan and the churches within the three-year received fifteen thousand. From period of 1930-1932. If the million June, 1928, to June, 1929, I re- are to be won in three years, the ceived . twenty thousand. Mean- first year and a half which is al- while I had become so convinced ready passed should yield a half by these experiences that Japan is million! And by what magic can ready for the Gospel that I ap- the last year and a half of the cam- pealed to the church, and it de- paign be made to bring forth the cided to take up this matter. Since great majority which must be won then the numbers have kept up before the million mark is at- • ICrom the .lapan Ohrl.tian Quarterlv. tained! If anyone is in such a 836 pitch of anxiety, I hasten to dis- days is rapidly corning to its peabuse him. Three years is not riod of effective expression. nearly long enough to win the million, and it was never my idea of A Christian society, and nothing doing so within that period. less, is the goal of the Kingdom of God Movement. Our aim is the What is the Kingdom of God thoroughgoing christianization of Movement? Is it the three years our community. We want to reof cooperative evangelism now be- vive the Koinonia of the early ing conducted by the various de- church, as recorded in the Acts. nominations, organized in some This wonderful early Christian ninety district committees, operat- fellowship, based on a spontaneous ing under the Kingdom of God practice of the principle of the Movement Central Committee? Cross in social economics, was too evanescent. Yet because of it the No. This three-year campaign apostles were able to give their tesis merely one of the elements in timony to the Resurrection "with the total Kingdom of God Move- great power." We shall not regain ment and but a preliminary one. the fulness of their Pentecostal ex- If it serves to unify the denomina- perience until we have re-incartional differences sufficiently to nated Incarnate Love in an organcreate a habit of cooperation in a ization of society embodying the nation-wide Christian program, best light that has been vouchsafed my hopes for it will have been sat- by the Spirit of God through the isfied. two thousand intervening years of human labor and intellectual striv- When the 1930-1932 three-year ings. period shall have been completed, I look forward to what will be the It is idle to speculate as to when real Kingdom of God Movement. the million new baptized Chris- By that time I hope the churches tians will be won to the churches. will be able to work shoulder to They will corne when the church shoulder in carrying out the va- reforms itself so as to fit their rearious elements of the program-a sonable expectations. They are program which is based in every facing the problem of unemploydetail on tested experience. ment. What has Christ to offer them? They are facing the in- Reinforcing the Chw:ch creasingly desperate struggle for existence even while retaining jobs The church should be ready to at ever-lessening wages. They are work as a unity (though the old facing Marxism, with its immense denominational machinery be still concrete experiment before their unchanged, except by the happy eyes in near-by Russia. They loss of its competitiveness): and know more about Marxism with this unit of several hundred thou- its economic program than do most sand Christians will not be work- church members. Unless the Kinging alone. It will be reinforced by dom of God Movement offers a betthe Labor Movement, the Farmers' ter program of economics-better Union, the Proletarian Political in theory, better in sustained ac- Groups, and to a large extent by tion-than . does the Soviet, they the Government itself. To this cannot be expected to flock into the impressive array of constructive forces should be added the Wom- churches. an's Movement, which in these

Is there anything better, as a profit-seeking on an individualistic method of emancipation, than the level, our world has hardly adgrim effectiveness of violent revo- vanced beyond the jungle-stage. lution? To some whose patience is We have applied science to the exexhausted history speaks in the ploitation of natural resources; negative. They point to the long but not yet to the organization of record of wars for freedom. I am production, distribution, credit, startled at the number even of ear- and consumption of manufactured nest Christians, in China, in the prodUcts. We must hasten to take United States, and elsewhere, who the next step, of organization of are today turning toward the Rus- all these processes, and of their resian method as a solution. The sulting human relations. Kingdom of God Movement has abundant historical precedent. Marx fails to show us how to do History has hidden its most pre- this. His idea is merely on the cious nuggets beneath those over- old fighting level. He has no proemphasized records of political gram for the future. It is to the wars and doctrinal controversies. Kingdom of God Movement that Bit by bit we are unearthing this we must look for future programs. priceless history of Love, of the brotherhood movement, which has Our Canadian friends are startbroken out again and again in spite ing a Kingdom of God Movement in of all opposition,-from the second Canada-stimulated by the Kingchapter of Acts onward. Even dom of God Movement. They are the communist movement itself is defining their movement as a a perverted imitation of that great search primarily for the expression Christian fellowship! of the mind of Christ in economics.

The Effect of Marxism The precedents from history af- forded by the brotherhood move- Though its immediate results ment provide us with the methods are remote from that early ideal, of economic and social organizaeventually we shall learn to be tion in which the mind of Christ grateful even for the coming of is manifest. And here again Marx Marxism. When in the tenth cen- helps us. For his followers in tury Christianity lost its purity, Russia, starting out with a pro- Mohammedanism came and puri- gram of violent suppression of the fied Christianity. When in the cooperati.ves, promptly reacted to nineteenth century Christianity reality, and reversed their plans to forgot the poor, Marxism came the revival of the Russian type of and caused us to think of them. cooperatives, within four years of If we had practiced the Cross of the start of the Revolution. Can Jesus, there would have been no we Christians react with equal need for Marxism to come. flexibility?

Marx was a social pathologist. Are we Christians to give up our He has made a diagnosis of the religious program and substitute evils of the present order and for it economic propaganda? By shows us that everywhere its eco- no means. I hope that Christians nomics lack organization. Owing all over this country will increasto the laissez fai1'e system and the ingly become leaders in the indigeacceptance of competition and nous system of cooperatives al- ready in existence in Japan. This they can do mostly as an avocation,

THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN 83!J

without surrending any of their which I hope to win the authorities religious and other duties. But in the medical field, the physicians they must first become educated in themselves, to a program of socio- the Cooperative Movement. A na- economic cooperation, and conse- tion-wide Mutual Aid Sick Coop- quently by the force of their ex- erative Insurance Society is to be ample to convince the laity includ- organized throughout the churches ing the church members. The suc- of Japan, federated in one national cess of this medical cooperative had society. Through this Society for been assured by two factors: by sick-benefits, the church people Dr. Nitobe's consenting to head it; will see the vision and learn the and by the personal life-consecra- genius of the cooperative move- tion of four physicians, all special- ment. Thus introduced to it, they ists in various fields and possessors may be expected to lay hold, also, of higher degrees in medicine.

upon the organization of other so- These men, Dr. Kato, Dr. Hirose, cial services besides sick benefits; Dr. Hattori, and Dr. Sunada, men old age pensions; educational co- in their forties, are at their prime operatives for the education of and possessors of lucrative private children; mothers' pensions; un- practices. Nevertheless, at the employment insurances, etc. They April 20th, 1931, meeting of the may be counted on also for leader- Physicians' Utility Cooperative, ship in the organization of the they circulated a manifesto declar- central economic processes of pro- ing their joint consecration to the duction, distribution, credit and new movement, a testimony to the consumption-in producers' util- early influence of the Y. M. C. A.

ity, credit, and consumers' coop- upon them during their student erative unions. days.

We have enough of these various The immediate objective of the types of cooperatives already in ex- movement is a Cooperative Hos- istence in Japan, and enough of a pital to be located in Shinjiku, tendency to cooperative inherent in with branches to be established in our national fabric, to guarantee various parts of Tokyo Fu, begin- the result, if Christians will put ning in Honjo Ward. Medical into their management both sacri- costs will thus be reduced to the ficial and skilled devotion. Thus minimum and made available to the we have ready the Christian equiv- great middle classes who otherwise alent of Marxism and something can hardly afford to call a physi- that goes far beyond it in philoso- cian. At present only the very phy and effectiveness. For it is rich, or such of the very poor as doubtful whether a society founded get free treatment, may be said to on the principle and practice of have adequate care, medically dictatorship will ever be able to speaking. When the Tokyo coop- apply fully the principle of coop- erative gets well started, we can eration. start all over the country, espe- Medicine and the Kingdom cially in the 2909 villages which are entirely without medical pro- I have therefore decided to con- vision.

centrate effort first on starting Is the Kingdom of God Move- what may be called "The Kingdom ment to cease to be a program of of God Movement in Medicine" by preaching in order to become a

program of economics? By no both sides. Christianity is a Gos- means. The Kingdom of God pel for society as well as for the Movement includes both of these individual. This is the literal activities and is primarily a pro- teaching of the Sermon on the gram of organization. Its first Mount.

year of 1930 saw the organization We know that there are Chrisof preaching in new methods of tian individuals everywhere who evangelism, of which the a. b. c. are not living as Christian citizens. was interdenominational coopera- Many of them are making comtion. Its second year of 1931 is promises with existing economic seeing the organization of Gospel conditions. They are not living up schools to train lay preacliers, both to the declaration Jesus Christ rural and urban. Eventually we made at Nazareth. If they would hope to augment the ordained live up to the true meaning of the clergy by five thousand of such Gospel, there would be no room volunteer workers, trained in the left for Communism. Gospel schools, but able to work at their own charges. Some mysticism is individualis- tic; some is inclined to be emo- By no means shall we lessen the tional, and some, traditional. If emphasis ,on evangelism, which we have mysticism we should make will go on with ever-increasing it ethical mysticism. This was the force as the Gospel schools send distinction between true and false forth their graduates. In 1932 I prophets in Old Testament times. look forward to the organization The reason why the Greek Cathof Christian cooperatives, one by olic Church and religious values in one, beginning with the Physi- general are despised in Soviet Ruscians' Utility Cooperative which is sia is because the Russian State described above, and of which the Church laid emphasis on individfirst unit, the clinic, opened in Sep- ualistic experience and not social tember, 1931, while the hospital is standards. not scheduled to open until two years later. As soon as Christian Christ laid emphasis on social- public sentiment makes it possible ized individuality, as contrasted we hope to follow this Physicians' with egoistic individualism. But Cooperative by one for the laity, unfortunately after the industrial the Mutual Aid Sick Insurance So- revolution came to the world, indi- ciety for church members. And vidualistic competition outside the then on into all the phases of the Church carried the whole culture cooperative movement, using those toward egoism and secularism. If already organized by the govern- we could have managed the great ment, etc., whenever possible. industrial revolution according to Unless Christ is made the centre Christian motivation, this world- of the social movement and of the wide catastrophe would not have religious movement, Japan will taken place. Jesus Christ is today never be saved. The Church in the saying to us, "The Kingdom of past laid emphasis more on the in- God is near; believe in the Gospel, dividual experience of Christ than and repent!" Repent from what?

on making Christ manifest in so- From egotistic individualism, to so- ciety. The Sermon on the Mount cial ethical mysticism, as embodied gives a well-balanced picture of in the Kingdom of God Movement.

LIFE IN AFRICA

AMERICA BY LILLIAN OYLER, Ontario, Oregon .A Mi88ionary in the Sudan and La·ter in Oregan ; FTER twenty-four years' ex- roundings or personal appearance.

flperience as a foreign mission- As a rule, British officers are very ary in Africa, I am now a careful to observe the conventions home missionary in one of the Pa- of refined society and so preserve cific Coast States. We have some- their self-respect, and the respect times heard these two spheres of of the natives. It is even more work contrasted as to importance important that missionaries of and the sacrifice involved. Christ should consider even more It is my conviction that any for- carefully their personal appear- eign missionary makes very little ance and their home life so that personal sacrifice compared with they may lead others to a better that made by the parents who face life. Clothing and household equip- the vacant chair. ment need not be expensive, but At times the cost of living at they should be clean and appro- home is contrasted with that in a priate.

foreign mission field. We have It is true a foreign missionary, found that it costs our family of in some fields, misses congenial four twenty-five per cent more to social life, but it is equally true in live in the sage-brush country of home mission fields. In both fields, Western America than it did on missionaries find it possible to the plains of Africa. The home of create their own enjoyment, and to one who seeks to lead others to a find some method of relaxation higher plane of living, must be a and recreation.

center of C h r i s t ian culture, As to health at home and abroad, whether his living quarters consist Africa is often called "the white of one room or an entire house. All man's grave." True, a tropical who come to that home must find jungle is not a country for a care- there a sincere welcome and this less foreigner, nor for one indif- means added expense. I remember ferent to use common sense. E.

that on one particular trek in Alexander Powell, has well said, Africa we were the guests of an- "A European of average physique other missionary family for a has comparatively little to fear month. Whether we were living in from the diseases of the Congo if a small barge on the river, or were he will practice moderation in all camping on shore in a small hut things, take as much exercise as mad e of coarsely-woven grass possible, keep his body clean, wear mats, within five minutes after his helmet in the sun and mosquito each move that missionary mother boots in the evening, drink water gave to our surroundings a real that has been both boiled and fil- touch of home. tered, sleep under a mosquito net, On the foreign mission field one take quinine either daily or when- is sometimes tempted to think, ever he feels run down, and re- "Oh, anything will do" as to sur- frain from needless worry."

841

One handicap or difficulty that are few and far between, and a foreign missionary must face is worse still, the local schools are the acquisition of the language of usually inefficient and there are no the country or tribe in which he funds to send the children else- works. In many cases this duty is where.

irksome, but to or~ who takes joy For some reason generous indi- in learning to speak a foreign viduals seem much more inclined tongue such work is a delight. to supply extras-such as automo- Even a home missionary must biles-to foreign missionaries than become accustomed to the vernacu- to those at home. Friends and lar of those among whom he works. supporters look upon a worker Both at home and abroad the mis- from foreign fields on furlough as sionaries must acquaint themselves a hero, and give applause which is with the customs and the sur- seldom given a home missionary roundings of their parishioners. who has labored as faithfully al- To the human mind there is a though more inconspicuously.

great contrast between the sins of All missionary work demands Oriental or African countries with much time for Bible study, and the those of so-called Christian lands. daily cultivation of spiritual life.

The evils met in foreign lands and Good literature or a "hobby" can the sins of civilized nations are be utilized as a "safety valve" and all evil in the sight of God, but enables one to accomplish far more one should take into consideration than by continuing on a daily that sins of non-Christian people grind. It is, however, even more are often committed in the name difficult to do this in home mission of their religion, while in Chris- fields than in many foreign lands.

tian lands every evil thought and Both at home and abroad there deed is in direct disobedience to the are humble followers of the Lord teachings and spirit of Christ. Jesus from whom we can learn The salary of a home mission- much in prayer, and there are ary is usually considerably less many souls hungry for sympathy than that of a foreign missionary. and encouragement.

In addition as a rule the traveling There are thousands across the expenses of a foreign missionary seas who have never heard the are paid, including vacation or fur- Gospel, and who are "waiting for lough allowance. A certain sum is the messenger of God who cometh also provided for outfit and freight late." In many foreign fields the charges to the field. Children have indigenous church has reached the a certain allowance made from stage where it is almost autono- birth until the child finishes its mous and where the native Chris- education. Most foreign missions tian forces are doing much of the also have schools, partly financed work for the unevangelized.

by the Foreign Board, to which A recent report of The Home the children may be sent. Missions Council of North Amer- A home missionary in America, ica tells us that, "there are 10,000 however, receives only a monthly communities in America without salary and a portion of his travel- churches of any kind, 30,000 vil- ing expenses to his new field of lages without a resident pastor of labor. This system often works any faith, and 13,400,000 children hardship. Vacations and furloughs under 12 who are receiving no re-

MISSIONARY LIFE IN AFRICA AND AMERICA

ligious instruction whatever." It to let our light shine abroad it is is not difficult for a home mission- clear evidence that it is burning ary to believe such startling state- dimly at home. The rays of our ments. Weare located in a district Christian influence will be weak as large as the State of Vermont across the seas if we fail to begin for which our little struggling con- at Jerusalem. We must first pray gregation is responsible. The for cleansing in our own hearts county contains many villages scat- and lives. If every life and family, tered here and there, with only and community could reflect Christ eleven organized congregations of and would manifest the power of various denominations, served by the Holy Spirit, then the world eight resident ministers, and less would soon be evangelized. than one thousand members. It is more difficult to secure active LITTLE POEMS BY LEPER Christian workers among these CHRISTIANS members than among Christians in foreign fields. The carelessness Interpreted by Lois Johnson Erickson, and indifference are appalling. The Taka-matsu, Japan excuses given for absence from services ar.e as unconvincing and The leper patients at Oshima as untrue as those which we heard have a "Poetry Club" which is one of their greatest sources of pleasin Africa. ure. The Christians print their In this vast county we find con- poems in their monthly magazine and have published enough to make ditions such as are reported by a several volumes. The following fellow missionary in an adjoining poems are from the magazine, and county where many of the young are by different lepers whose folks from twenty to twenty-five names are placed after the several years of age have never previously verses. Each verse is a complete heard a sermon, and many children poem.-Editor of the Presbyterian do not know what a church is. One Survey. family confessed that it was the first time they had heard a minis- The red flame of Jesus' blood ter pray in eighteen years! Back Turns all my frozen heart to fire! in the hills there are hundreds of families who have no means of *** transportation except on horseback, or in a wagon, and they must The soul who knows his God, travel over rocky trails instead of Though of earth's smallest things, on surfaced roads. Up to the great wide heavens The real difficulties and hard- May mount on wings! ships in home missions and foreign missions are not very different. * * .. They are equally important and one cannot exist without the other. Heartily row, children of God, The foundations of foreign work Put forth your strength, are in home missions and if we Face storm without fear neglect to strengthen our stakes at Heed not wind nor night–row on; home we cannot lengthen our cords The harbor of Heaven is near. of influence abroad. *** On the other hand, if we neglect Only Thy power can make my sin-sick o spirit whole, to my soul! Divine Saviour, precious -Hayashi.

* * ::t:: This will I say, that firm I tread the road I cannot see, Because the hand of One-Who-Loves -Takamoto. Is leading me!

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE MORMONS?

BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. LA RUE, Washington, D. C.

Author of "The Foundations of Mormonism"

T HE chief need for giving the The Mormons also need to be Gospel of Christ to the Mor- evangelized in order that they may mons is the people themselves. be delivered from the superstition In many respects they are a splen- which binds them with strong did people, sincere and whole- bands that are not easily broken.

hearted in their faith. They are They are taught that entrance into willing to lay their lives upon the celestial glory depends upon faith- altar of sacrifice in order to uphold ful continuance in their faith as and propagate their religion. Not long as life shall last. They are only are they ready to give up their under such a spell of superstition lives to service but are also ready that they will not allow themselves to place their fortunes at the call to doubt. They have been taught of their leaders. that all other churches are man- Most of these people are of made and wrong in the sight of American and English stock. They God, and that the Mormon Church are preeminently religious and is the one and only true Church of many of them have been members God on earth. Notwithstanding of evangelical churches. In many the many obvious errors, and the instances their experience with sins of the leaders, they believe Mormonism is a result of the per- that eternal salvation is to be found sistent activity of Mormon mis- only in Mormonism.

sionaries. Whoever undertakes to carry the The Mormon people need to be Gospel of Christ to Mormons will evangelized in order that they may meet with tremendous difficulties.

have right spiritual leadership. Other sects with false teachings They have spiritual capacity which and corrupt leadership have arisen is in dire need of direction. For and have worn themselves away in some strange reason they have sub- the processes of time. Among the mitted themselves body and soul to Mormons themselves have arisen a the leadership of Mormon proph- number of sects with leaders claim- ets, which has been the chief source ing divine and exclusive preroga- of corruption in their religious life. tives whose devotees remain un- There are several hundreds of wavering until death.

thousands of Mormons who need When a Mormon can no longer evangelizing because of the crude endure the teachings and leader- and perverted teachings which are ship of his cult, he usually either a mixture of truth and error. Once abandons religion entirely, or iden- within the Mormon fold, even to tifies himself with one of the many question these teachings would in- factions.

vite suspicion and ostracism. In The Mormon has a deep convic- former days apostates were quickly tion that if Mormonism is false disposed of so that the people have nothing else is true. He has the accepted the awful things their conviction that all other religions leaders have taught-including are corrupt and false. As he lis- many gods and many wives. tens to an evangelical minister 844 there are psychological barriers to the Mormon people who have read his reception of the truth present- it.

ed. He feels that this minister has In the same spirit, in my volume not the authority to speak such as on "The Foundations of Mormon- is possessed by the Mormon priest- ism," I attempted to demonstrate hood. Every missionary to the from the original documentary Mormons must pursue his labors sources that the foundation prin- knowing that this almost impene- ciples of Mormonism are untenable.

trable wall of prejudice exists. The truth, spoken in love, is the This may be the reason why the only weapon we are justified in effort to evangelize the Mormons using in the contention against this has so far produced little fruit. cult. So far as I know, no attempt What then is the best method to has been made to reply to my book.

pursue to carryon an effective Let Christian workers everywhere work of evangelizing the Mormon show patience and sympathy with people? Is it not worthwhile to the Mormon people, not with any consider some new approach? sin but with the sinner. As he To begin with there should be a may have opportunity let every strong emphasis upon patience and Christian help the Mormons to get sympathy. -In the past most anti- rid of sin.

Mormon propagandists have shown Mohammedans and Mormons a woeful lack of these qualities.

Usually they have publicly de- Both Mohammedans and Mor- nounced the false teachings and mons are devoted to the leadership corrupt practices of Mormonism of so-called prophets; both have without making any constructive special books for which they claim effort to correct them. The evils divine inspiration; both are zealous of Mormonism have been sufficient in the propagation of their faith; to test the patience and to chill the both adhere to doctrines that clash sympathy of anyone but little good with modern civilization. It is can be accomplished without pa- about equally difficult to convert tience and sympathy. A pamphlet either to Christianity. But we must entitled, "Joseph Smith, Jr., as a keep on with the work of evangeli- Translator," issued by the late zation through Christian churches, Bishop F. S. Spalding, of Utah, schools, and community Ii f e.

shows, in the most kindly, yet ef- Churches should hold out a sympa- fective way, that the claims made thetic and helpful hand to every by Joseph Smith, Jr., as a trans- Mormon so as to help him see truth lator of Egyptian would not bear and duty in a new light, and to put the scrutiny of scholarship. The himself under the leadership of Bishop said, "My object in writing Jesus Christ alone.

the pamphlet was not to inform the Many changes are now taking world that Joseph Smith's transla- place in the world of thought. Our tions were inaccurate, and that hope is that the rising generation therefore his claim to be a prophet of the Mormons will, with the aid of God was invalid, but to try to of advanced education, be able to convince the Mormons themselves weigh carefully the claims made of those facts." The publication for Mormonism and will find that of this pamphlet has had a pro- they are wanting.

found and beneficial effect upon Meanwhile the propaganda of

Mormonism goes forward. The The government of the Church is by Mormon choir and the tones of the divine authority through Priesthood…. great organ are heard over the In organic expression and functioning radio from Salt Lake City. Occa- there must be recognized grades and offisionally a new Temple is announced cial prerogatives and responsibility with where secret practices are per- supreme directional control resting in formed that bind men and women the Presidency as the Chief and first…. to the faith by sacred oaths. Just Our form of government is patriarchal or now a great Mormon Church is kingly in that it is the Kingdom of God, under process of erection in Wash- the Kingdom of Heaven. Our form of ington, D. C. This is sure to at- government places the lawmaking powers tract much attention. Statistics in heaven, the law of God being manishow that the membership is main- fested to the Church through His taining a gradual increase and Prophet. about the usual number of missionaries go out to the home and for- This teaching is regarded as a eign field to win converts. reviving of some of the crude Independence, Missouri, has for many years been regarded as the teachings of early Mormonism and Mecca of Mormonism. There are several factions of the cult located a group of aggrieved brethren de- there; among the most promi- clared, "The President's theory of nent are the J osephites, otherwise k now n as the "Reorganized government, while he terms it a Church"; the Brighamites, other- theocratic-democracy, under analwise known as the "Utah Church" ; the Hedrickites, otherwise known ysis proves to be a theocraticas "The Church of Christ." Other factions increase with the years. autocracy." The theories of Presi- The Reorganized Church has found itself in the toils of other and more dent Frederick M. Smith, however, serious troubles in recent years on account of the announcement of the prevailed, since his ideas were doctrine of "Supreme Directional found to be in accord with those Control" by the First Presidency. This is as follows: of his grandfather, founder of Mor- monism.

The student of Mormonism will note what an intricate and com- plicated situation he must meet when he attempts to evangelize the Mormons of any sect; there is hope for all who, like Mr. Thomas W.

Williams, representing the group of dissenters, will dare to say, "Christ alone is our leader."

Let us endeavor to evangelize the Mormons. The people are far too good for Mormonism.

THE FAITH OF A SCIENTIST Science laid the foundations for a new and a stupendous advance in man's conception of God, for a sublimer view of the world and of man's place and destiny in it …. Personally, I believe that essential religion is one of the world's supremest needs, and I believe that one of the greatest contributions that the United States ever can make to world progress will consist in furnishing an example to the world of how the religious life of a nation can evolve intelligently, wholesomely, inspiringly, reverently, completely divorced from all unreason, all superstition and all unwholesome emotionalism.-DR. ROBERT MILLIKAN, President of the Amer'ican A.q.qociation for the Advancement of Science.

OPICS Of THE

Harassed China in a Troubled (Shantung), in Mukden, Kirin, Har- World bin, . Peitaying and other points in Manchuria, and between Chinese and The Christian Gospel of peace and Koreans in Pyengyang, Seoul and else- good will among men, the doctrines of where in Chosen. The Chinese charge the fatherhood of God and the brother- that Japanese have promoted strife hood of man, the centuries of experi- for the purpose of giving an excuse ence in the evil effects of war, the ad- for intervention in Manchuria, which vance of education, the Kellogg Pact, they are said to covet for colonization the League of Nations, the Hague and commercial exploitation. The Jap- Court, and the various peace and in- anese claim that Chinese have bombed ternational fellowship movements all the Japanese railway and have threat- ,seem powerless to keep peace among ened or damaged the lives and prop- nations. The human equation is at erty of Japanese citizens. The Soviet fault. Even "Christian" Europe is Government, sensing danger to the restless, suspicious and like a powder railway, which they control jointly barrel in the midst of sparks. Ap- with the Chinese, has massed troops parently only the vivid memory of the along the border near Manchuli and last World War, the knowledge of the Russian gunboats on the Sungari River fearful cost of another conflict and are reported to have fired on Chinese the calmness of some wi,se statesmen freight boats on the river near Har- keep European nations from flying to bin. There has also been some agita- arms. tion in North Manchuria and inner The peace of China, with one-fourth Mongolia, in Kirin Province, and in of the world's population, is also con- South Manchuria for autonomy and stantly threatened within and without. separation from Nanking. For an un- To communism, militarists, civil war, derstanding of what has been happen- bandits and brigands are added the ing in Manchuria we should remem- sufferings caused by oppressive pov- ber that while Manchuria is a part of erty and the recent devastations due China, treaty concessions make it al- to terrible floods, famine and pesti- most as much Japanese as Chinese lence. On top of all this China is now territory. The Japanese military sys- threatened by the Japanese military tern also leaves the army and navy, in activity in Manchuria, by mob attacks times of emergency, free from civil on Chinese in Chosen and by the control. These two facts make clear Soviet menace on the Siberian border. much that has appeared incomprehen- As to the cause of the troubles in sible in recent events.

Chosen and Manchuria, there are One effect of these disturbances has charges and countercharges between been shown in the ,savage attack on Chinese and Japanese. The difficulty Dr. C. T. Wang, the able and honored seems to have been caused by mutual Foreign Minister of China. Some suspicion and illwill, by a lack of pa- three hundred Chinese students in tience and wise statesmanship and by Nanking beat him severely, accusing the temper of the Japanese militarists. him of weakness in failing to persuade Riots and conflicts occurred between the League of Nations in intervening Japanese and Chinese in Peitaho in Manchuria. Dr. Wang has since 847

resigned; his place in the Kuomintang Protestant Episcopal Missions. – Government has been taken by Dr. Church and mission have sufferi:ld Alfred Sze, formerly Chinese amba~­ heavily. Water surrounded cathedral sador at Washington. and compound at Hankow. Rose to sec- ond floor of some bUildings. Churches In the midst of all this trouble, how- and schools damaged. One thousand ever, there are signs of hope that refugees gathered at Boone College China will gradually emerge "from and Middle School, Wuchang, and these many difficulties. The Japanese other thousands at Wuhu compound. have promised to withdraw their Kuikiang station flooded, also Hsiaktroops from the area not controlled by wan. Missions at Yangchow and Paotreaty which gives them the right to ying suffered heavily. Property damoperate the South Manchuria Railway. age $45,000 Mex. Relief measures The Canton and Nanking leaders are started. making negotiations to end civil war and to form a unified government. Southern Baptist Missions.- Some The floods have receded and measures fields affected but not seriously, so far are being put into operation to combat as is known at present. famine and pestilence. At times it seems to require some great disaster Methodist Episcopal Missions. – to teach the advantages of peace and Thousands of Christians, members of good will. If foes without will not the Methodist Episcopal Church, are take advantage of China's misfortunes in danger of di,sease and starvation. and if the Chinese will withstand com- Relief work has been started. More munist propaganda from Soviet Rus- than half the territorY of Central sia, and student agitatIon in favor of China Conference (24,700 sq. miles war with Japan, is end~d, there is hope with 12,500,000 people) and one-third that peace will come to China at last. of Kiangsi Conference (with 20,000 sq. miles and 8,000,000 people) were The Flood and Missions in China flooded. Thousands of Christians lost homes, farms, crops, goods, churches Chinese Christians and the mission- and schools. Mission hospitals at Wuaries in China have shared with others hu, Kiukiang and Nanchang handiin the awful suffering that has over- capped by food shortage but received taken those who live in the flooded many sufferers who camped on areas along the Yangtze River and the grounds. Grand Canal. The suffering will last for many months to come because of Presbyterian (North) Missions.- the destruction of crops and homes Flood seriously affected four stations. as well as the loss of life involved in Water above first floor of residences the disaster. and dispensary at Changteh. Refugees filled church. Much of Nanking under Letters already received from mis- water. Harvest ruined. Hwaiyuan sion boards having work in the dis- completely inundated. School buildtricts affected, reveal the following ings on high ground cared for refufacts: gees. Nansuchow and Lchow in flooded area but no report received. No build- Evangelical Luthevan Missions (Mis- ings destroyed. Relief work in operasouri and Ohio) .-Loss of some prop- tion. erty and much damage to submerged houses in the Wuhan cities. Mis- China Inland Mission.-Residences sionaries were at Kuling. Chinese and other buildings in Hankow flooded. Christians took refuge in upper stories Changsha (Hunan) flooded. Comof chapels and schools but loost most of munists are a menace. Food supplies their goods. Relief measures inau- low. Starvation and epidemics threaten gurated. Estimated loss to mission survivors. Most of Chengyangkwan $46,000, Mex. (Anhwei) under water.

No word has as yet been received from other missions.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Fleming H. Revell can Mi·ssion to Lepers, and for many years was vice-president of the Pres- An honored and beloved member of byterian Board of National Missions. the Board of Directors of THE RE- VIEW, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered For Chris~ian character, kindly disinto rest on Sunday, October 11th, at position, business integrity, wise counthe age of eighty-one. Mr. Revell had sel and true friendship, Mr. Revell been in ill health for a number of was highly honored and greatly beyears but had continued his interest loved by a wide circle of friends. in business and in many forms of Christian work until recently when he The Cost of War suffered from a fall at his home in Riverdale-on-the-Hudson, New York. War debts are only a small fraction The directors of THE REVIEW, with of the total cost of international strife. whom he has been intimately associ- The British Chancellor of the Exchegated for the past fifteen years as a uer Snowden reveals the following figfellow worker and friend, will keenly ures for the amount paid on war debts miss his genial and helpful comrad- by France, Italy, Roumania, Greece ship, as will many other boards of and Portugal since the treaty of Verwhich he was a member.. sailles and the sums paid as repara- tions by Germany, Austria, Bulgaria Fleming H. Revell was born in Chi- and Turkey up to June 15th, (period cago on December 11, 1849, and at of about twelve years). the age of twenty started the publishing business. This grew until the To Britwin To America firm which he established was known all over the world, with headquarters France ..•.•.•…. $218,000,000 $200,000,000 in New York and with branches in Italy . . . . . . . . . • • .. 115,000,000 39,000,000 Chicago, Edinburgh and London. They Roumanla …….. 4,375,000 2,700,000 specialized on evangelical literature and rendered a remarkably wide and Greece ……….• 5,875,000 300,000 useful service in publishing the books of such well-known Christian workers Portugal •…••… 8,750,000 as Andrew Murray, A. J. Gordon, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. Pierson, J. Camp- Germany has paid $5,131,500,000 in bell MorgllJl, R. A. Torrey, S. D. Gordon, Ralph Oonnor, Edward A. Steiner, reparations, including deliveries in Robert E. Speer, Arthur J. Brown, John McDowell and others. The firm kind and State properties. Austria also was the largest publisher of home and foreign missionary literature and has paid $4,210,000 by deliveries in in this way exerted, at home and abroad, an influence for good which kind, Bulgaria has paid $13,200,000 cannot be measured. His son, Fleming H. Revell, Jr., succeeds his father in cash and Turkey has paid nothing. in the presidency of the publishing firm. The cost of war also includes the A sister of Mr. Revell married the battleships, fortifications, ammunition, late Dwight L. Moody and thus was early formed with the great evangelist equipment, support of the army and an intimate fellowship that was fruitful in many ways. Mr. Revell was a navy, pensions, bonuses, hospitals, care trustee of the Northfield Schools, founded by Mr. Moody; for twenty- of wounded, insurance, etc., etc. But five years was treasurer of the Ameri- the greatest cost is in the sacrifice of 4 human life; the physical disablement of men, women and children; the dis- eases spread; the diversion of public attention and activity into destructive channels; the destruction of the spirit of brotherhood; the degrading influ- ences exerted; the fierce passions un- leashed; and the spiritual life de- stroyed. These losses and dehumaniz- ing influences are infinitely worse than the financial cost of war-tremendous and far reaching as that is. Civiliza- tion is threatened with destruction to- day-thirteen years after the armi- stice-and yet men and women still prepare for war more than for peace!

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

USEFUL SUGGESTIONS FOR Illustrations for other lines will EFFEOTIVE WORK Ruggest themselves.

By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD Enrolling the Children How to Record Honor Points A missionary cradle roll is often neglected because not properly brought If your organization has an honor to the notice of young mothers. One roll, or uses a credit system, the fol- society had a card printed with a lowing method will prove simple and little empty frame in the center sureffective for either children or adults. rounded by the words: "There is an On a large sheet of cardboard draw empty space in our cradle roll album a series of mountains or hills, each which your baby's face should fill." one marked as one of the goals-as, This was sent to every mother. "All dues paid," "Report sent in promptly," _"Representative sent to The Junior Book, "Open Windows" convention," etc. Head the chart with the words "Hills we have climbed," or Leaders of Junior groups studying "Mountains Scaled." Keep it before Miss Entwistle's book may well take the eyes of members at every meeting. for their own memory verses, Isa. 54: As soon as an honor point is attained, 12-13. paste a flag on top of one peak and have all present rise and sing the And I will make thy windows of agates Doxology. When all peaks are capped and thy gates of carbuncles and all thy with flags paste gold star in center of borders of pleasant stones. chart. And all thy children shall be taught Making Reports Interesting of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children. A report that would be dry when read is often interesting when pre- THE RURAL THEME sented in chart or poster form. A report of work done during a year or Bible Thoughts for Friendly Farmers a biennium may be made up of pictures representing each project, with "So shall ye divide this land unto a brief -sentence to explain each pic- you according to the tribes of Israel. ture, as: "And it shall come to pass that ye Picture of Church in India. shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that Contributed our share for new sojourn among you, which shall beget building in India. (Amount.) among you; and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the Group of Industrial Workers or Mi- children of Israel; they shall have grants. inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. Contributed …… toward migrant work. "And it shaH come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger sojourneth; there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord." Ezekiel 47: 21-23.

Pictures of new members. World Friendship Among Friendly ….. new members received during Farmers year. "They helped everyone his neigh- Pictures of objects sent to fields. bour; and every one said to his Box work contributions ….. . brother, Be of good courage.

850

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"So the carpenter encouraged the "And God said, Let the earth bring goldsmith, and he that smootheth with forth grass, the herb yielding seed, the hammer him that smote with the and the fruit tree yielding fruit after anvil, saying, it is ready for solder- his kind, whose seed is in itself; upon ing; and he fastened it with nails, the earth: and it was so." Gen. 1: 11. that it should not be moved." Isa. 41: 6,7. "And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, A PRAYER OR PRAYElt HYMN and the tree yielding fruit, whose ,seed was in itself, after his kind: and God (For Adults or Children) saw that it was good." Gen. 1: 12.

Lord of the sunshine, Lord of the star- "And in process of time it came to light, pass that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the Lord of the seasons, teach me to know Lord." Gen. 4: 3. How best to love Thee, how best to serve "And Abel, he also brought of the Thee first things of his flock and of the Mid summer's flowers and winter's fat thereof." Gen. 4: 4, (first clause).

snow. The First Covenant (For Beginners and Primaries) "While the earth remaineth, seed- And God said the sun should shine, time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter and day and The rain should fall, the flowers should night shall not cease." Gen. 8: 22. grow, (Reading Gen. 9: 9-20.) And God said the birds should sing. And it was so, was so. RURAL STOR,tES FROM THE And God said the grass should grow, BIBLE The trees bear fruit, the wind should Old Testament blow, And God said that streams should flow, Birds, flowers, etc., of the Bible And it was so, was so. may be illustrated by boys and girls- drawing, modeling, bringing and past- (Childl'f'u's Hymnal and Service Booh:.) ing pictures.

RURAL STORIES FOR ADULTS Rural paragraphs may be illus- trated. From "The Rural Billion" David, the Shepherd Boy-l Sam. 16. (May be used as basis of discussion) David and Jonathan-l Sam. 19-20. Isaac Seeks a Wife-Gen. 24. 1. Sailors and a Church. Page 136. Jacob and Rachel-Gen. 28. 2. Two Trees in Korea. Page 137 Joseph and His Brothers-Gen. 37: 12- (discuss). 36. 3. A Country Pastor in Africa. Page Joseph in Egypt in Time of Famine- 137 (bottom). Gen. 42: 43-45. 4. A Country Pastor in China. Page Ruth and Boaz-Book of Ruth. 38. 5. Miracle of the Mulberry Trees. New Testament (Same story as above, enlarged and renamed.) Page 38. Jesus at Bethany, (a rural village). 6. An Indian Village Church. Page Jesus at Nazareth, (a rural village). 141. (Enlarge.) Feeding of the Five Thousand, (in the 7. Sam Higginbottom's Parable Ser- mountains) . mon. Page 62. (Basis of discussion on Walk Through the Cornfield. christianizing conditions.) Walk to Emmaus. 8. Feathered and fourfooted mission- The Fig Tree Cursed. aries. Page 50. 9. Story of Moga. (India.) Page 78. OLD TESTMENT RURAL Make a chart of a course in a school in Africa. Page 76. (Discuss.) PARABLES Discuss objectives of this course. Page 77. Parable of the trees and their king, addressed by J otham to the men of RURAL THEME AND THE BmLE Schechem. Judges 9: 7-15.

Old Testament Memory Work Parable of the poor man's ewe lamb, told by Nathan to David. 2 Sam. 12: 1-6. In the Beginning "And the Lord God planted a garden." Gen. 2: 8 (first clause).

Parable of the thistle and the cedar, the country by use of rural pictures addressed by Johash to Amaziah. 2 of the Orient with captions like the Kings 14: 9. . following is effective: Parable of the sluggard and his vine- Christ walked paths like these yard, to the people of Israel. Prov. 24: Christ's first friends were village folk 30-35. Highways like these were trodden by Parable of the unfruitful vineyard, to Jesus the people of Israel. Isa. 5: 1-6. Christ died for folks like these.

Parable of the ploughman, or good out SOME PRAYER METHODS of evil. Isa. 28: 23-29. By MRS. H. W. BIPPUS Parable of the great eagle and the vine. Ezekiel 17: 3-10. (Presented at the Lakeside, Ohio, Institute of Foreign Missions.) Parable of the cedar in Lebanon. Ezekiel 31—-€ntire chapter. Has the missionary group to which I belong great vision, strong motive Parable of the shepherds and the flock. power, or is it just another club going Ezekiel 34—-€ntire chapter. round and round? Are we standing in the hangar with the engine dead, or Parable of the true and false shep- is it purring, throbbing, ready to take herds. Zechariah ll-entire chapter. off to dizzy heights, through fogs of depression, and over barren stretches NEW TESTAMENT RURAL to outposts?

PARABLES Our missions plane may be beauti- ful to behold~ompletely furnished, Mustard Seed-Matt. 13: 31-32. pilot trained, route outlined, engine Sower-Matt. 13: 1-9, 18-23. oiled, and in perfect order, but if Tares-Matt. 13: 24-30, 36-43. there is no fuel in the tank there is Vineyard Laborers-Matt. 20: 1-16. no power, no action. It is impossible Wicked Husband-Matt. 21: 33-46. to get off or to make the journey. Seed Growing Secretly-Mark 4: 26- 29. The prayer life-the devotional part Rich Fool-Luke 12: 16-21. of your missionary society – makes Barren Fig Tree-Luke 13: 1-9. possible the results for which you are The Lost Sheep–Luke 15: 1-7. 'lrganized together. We need power. How shall it be generated? We must RURAL REFERENCES OF JESUS plan definitely for each program a quiet hour that will awaken our mem- Lilies of the Field. bers so that they may experience God Birds of the Air. -may see visions and dream dreams. Sparrows. No haphazard "devotions," hurriedly Behold the Fields-White to Harvest. conducted, will reach into the depths Vineyard. of the souls of our members. Altars Fig Tree. must be lighted with divine fire. Feed My Lambs-Feed My Sheep. Smoldering embers must be fanned. I Am the Good Shepherd. Hearts must be in touch with His. Other Sheep I have. We must allow God to have access to My Yoke Is Easy. our hearts if we expect results.

POSTERS FOR RURAL THEME First let us choose with care the women who shall lead us in this quiet The poem called Vision found in the hour. Perhaps the same one may primary book, "Friendly Farmers," carry through the year. John Masegives the key to One aim of the leader field in his poem "The Everlasting of any age group on the rural theme. Mercy" put into the mouth of the man Our first aim is to get across to our who found Christ these words: "I people the bigness and beauty of the knew that Christ had given me hirth, theme, and the vast opportunities in to brother all the souls of earth." Oh rural areas around the world. Posters with pictures of beautiful rural scenes will help. The caption, Rural Paths in Japan, may depict some scenic marvel in that land of beauty. Rural needs, rural work being done, rural homes and rural people should all be used in artistic posters, to make their appeal for the yet almost untouched millions in country districts of the world. The connecting of Christ with

the glory of the lighted mind. "How re-enlist men in missionary and re- dead I'd been, how dumb, how blind." ligiouB work. We want the womanhood of the Church to have this experience that The committee recommends that they may accomplish their great world Men and Missions Sunday, November task. 15, 1931, be observed at the morning service in each church, and that an For every woman in the church I afternoon interdenominational men's would have prepared a card bearing meeting be held in each city or comthe following: munity.

At 9~OO A. M. Each Day: Suggestions concerning the meet- ings may be secured from the Lay- Repeat P8alm 103: 1-5. men's Missionary Movement, 19 S. Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and all that LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill., or 419 is within me bless his holy name. Fourth Ave., New York City, or from Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and forget the secretary of the denominational not all his benefits; missionary board. Who forgiveth all mine iniquities; Who healeth all my diseases; The morning church service should Who redeemeth my life from destruc- include a sermon on a missionary tion; theme, emphasizing the need of par- Who crowneth me with loving kind- ticipation by men; a 10-minute talk ness and tender mercies; by a layman; a missionary hymn sung WhQ satisfieth my mouth with good by men; a Scripture les-son read in things so that my youth is renewed like unison by men and the announcement the eagle's. – of plans for men's meeting,s to discuss My Question-Psalm 118: 12. current missionary literature. What shall I render unto the Lord for all His benefits unto me? Among the topics for discussion are My A'l'Ulwer-Psalm 118: 13-14. suggested such articles as "I Don't I will take the cup of salvation and Believe in Foreign Missions," in THE call upon the name of the Lord-I will MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD pay my vows unto the Lord, yea, in the for May: "The Critics and Missions" presence of all His people. chapter in Dr. Egbert W. Smith's book, "The Desire of All Nations"; For the quiet hour in the meeting "The Testimony of Results," a chaphave some lovely hymn played softly ter in Dr. Stephen J. Corey's new and then have someone tell one of the book, "Missions Matching the Hour"; beautiful stories of Jesus in her own a chapter from Dr. Speer's book "Are words, such as Foreign Missions Done For"? or from Dr. C. H. Patton's new volume, "God's The Lawyer Learns. World." The Centurion's Confidence-Matt. 8: 5-14. A committee ,should be appointed to Peter's Eyes Opened-Acts 10. plan four study sessions for the men The Christian's Challenge-Matt. 28: of the church. Lists of suitable 19-20. Dare you? books can be secured from any board of missions. Words of the hymns should be mimeographed and passed' for reading Sunday Schools and Young People's while piano is played. Societies may make plans to dramatize the Haystack Prayer Meeting at Wil- Quiet prayers should be requested liams College in 1806, on the One days in advance. Hundredth Anniversary of which the Laymen's Missionary Movement was HOW TO USE LAYMEN'S organized twenty-five years ago. A dramatization, prepared by the Coun- MISSIONARY SUNDAY cil of Northern Baptist Laymen, is available through the Laymen's Mis- November 15, 1931, is the Twenty- sionary Movement at 15c each. Fifth Anniversary of the founding of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. In striking contrast to the original meeting of 80 men in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York City in 1906, a thousand meetings are being planned for 80,000 this fall to

A MISSIONARY GEOGRAPHY GAME (Adaptable to Sunday-school or missionary society programs) Make a large reproduction of this map either on a hlackboard or upsonboard. It should be in color. Adapt countries llnd questions to your own denominational work. A well informed woma.n, who can comment on the facts given by the group, can make this an interesting and informing program.

At the Philadelphia Interdenominational Institute, It was suggested that this map drill be used at meetings of women's societies to which meD have been invited as guests. The objective is to demonstrate the value of eoDsecutive mission studies as they are pursued by the women's organizations. A rich supply of facts in answer to the questions on the map are always to be found in your copies of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. .

QUOTATIONS FO:R THE DEVOTIONAL SERVICE For that wide-open avenue of prayer, out of harmony with eternal Jaw.- All radiant with Thy glorious prom- Van Rensselaer Gibson.

ises, I have aSked for a cupful, and the We thank Thee, Lord! ocean remains! I have asked for a sunbeam, and the sun abides! My best -John Oxenham. asking falls immeasurably short of my Father's giving.-J. H. Jowett. "I want to know Thy guiding voice, To walk with Thee each day; The transitions in our modern life, the new problems that arise, the diffi- Dear Master, make me swift to hear culties of the tasks that now and again And ready to obey." fall upon us, we are not afraid of these because we believe in the resurrection. Not till we stand before the Lord- -Robert E. Speer. A nation splendid and unafraid, Made in the image that God made, Christ wills one fiock, and this re- No man a tYrant and none a slave, quires us not only to labor for the re- Shall the world be saved, as He meant union of all Christendom, but to seek that unity of faith which is essential to save. -Angela Morgan. to its achievement and wholesome per- manence.-Francis J. HaU. All life is miraculous in the sense of being mystic and wonderful, but nothing is miraculous in the sense of being

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation 01 Woman's Boards 01 Foreign Missions 01 North America LUNCHEON SERVED BY FOHEIGN WOMEN IN TOKIO, JAPAN A WORLD ENCIRCLING CHAIN A REPORT OF THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 By MRS. JOHN P. WHITE, Member, Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer Never in the history of the Chris- an international character to the ob- tian Church has there been such un- servance of the day.

ceru;ing, united prayer as on February "They helped every one his neigh- 20, 1931. The poet's thought of a. bar," was literally true of the world- world encircling chain of prayer was wide service. The programs were realized on that day when women all mimeographed by the committee in over the world met in pine chapel or charge and sent to forty-six or more stone cathedral, in grove or on moun- countries where they were translated tain top, in great city or small hamlet into various languages and adapted to to join their voices in prayer and the conditions of the various com- praise to the God and Father of our munities. In China the National Chris- Lord Jesus Christ. tian Council took the responsibility of Preparation for this wonderful day printing the programs for all partici- began months in advance. The pro- pating groups; Mexico sent printed gram on the theme, "Ye Shall Be My programs to Puerto Rico; Argentine Witnesses," was prepared by Miss shared her programs with Uruguay Kathleen W. MacArthur, of Canada, a.nd Brazil. Always the offering of and the "Call to Prayer" was prepared the Day was "for others."

by the Baroness van Boetzelrer van Follow this chain as it draws to- Dubbledam, of Holland, thus giving gether the praying women around the 855

world. Let the circle begin at that en came to the place of prayer. Melt- line in our Atlas marked "Antipodes," ing snows in the streets of Hangchow, one hundred and eighty degrees east of China, made walking almost impossible, Greenwich. The Day of Prayer begins yet 200 women assembled for the serv- in New Zealand. Following the circle ice; a snowstorm in Teheran, Persia, around the globe the services con- kept the timid and delicate folk away tinue in Australia, Japan, Philippine but the strong and the brave were Islands, Korea, Manchuria, on through there; riots in Columbia, South China, Tibet, Siam, Burma and India, America, due to political disturbances through Persia, Mesopotamia, Syria made a small meeting, but the few and Turkey, across fifteen countries who attended were so inspired by the of Europe, across the continent of thought of this united prayer and so Africa, across South America and impressed by the beauty of the pro- North America to the Hawaiian Is- gram that they felt others should join IJ!.nds and Alaska, finally reaching the them and the whole service was re- Antipodes again where in the service peated during Easter week. Meetings in the Fiji Islands the circle is com- were held in twenty-five centers in plete. Bulgaria. Some of the churches were ,~filled ,to capacity and in one the seats The Chain Made Strong by Great"'""were all filled and many had to stand.

SomeNoufm'thbeerpsrPayaerrtigcripoautpisngreport~',1,,i,,~::,;""pWrOanilErmi~idn'~Cveanlaodna~ scattered over the distances to attend small gatherings, others reported great some of th~ 600 meetings held in that throngs. Foulassi, Africa had "a land. Wom~n walked for·mBesin thousand plus" in attendance and Africa, in India and in Japan, many Kansas City, Missouri, had fourteen carrying babies as they came. In hundred. Not all the meetings were Korea, likewise, mothers necessarily held in conventional places. In Scot- brought their little ones and some- land, where the day was observed times these "tiny toddlers with their from border to border, meetings were tinkling bells," made the service any- held in cities and towns, and away "in thing else than a "quiet hour." In lonely places where it was impossible the Fiji Islands a terrible hurricane to have organized meetings the serv- which destroyed whole villages in a ice was held by individuals in their certain section prevented the women homes." Three "shut-ins" in Teheran, of Davuileve from observing the Day Persia, ,secured copies of the program as they had planned, but meetings and followed it step by step as it was were held in three other places distant being carried out in the church. Two from the path of the storm.

missionary women in Africa were tak- One of the most remarkable meet- ing a vacation in the mountains. Here ings was held in Johannesburg, South they held a "service of prayer in a Africa. About one thousand women secluded place on the mountain side were there. One group was distin- with trees overhead and rocks for guished by white head kerchiefs and seats, the birds joining in praise to white broad collars over red blouses; the Most High." In India a grove- another group had fur skin caps; an- "God's' first temple" – became the other black blouses and white stoles shrine for a group of worshipers. In and pins showing their society initials.

Africa two chiefs opened their com- "The sight was impressive beyond pounds for the services. In China in words."

one district where the meeting was Linguistic difficulties vanished be- announced to begin "just before cock- fore the fervent spirit of praying crowing" a goodly company of men women. In Korea three nationalities and women assembled at the appointed all in Korean dress were met together.

hour. Three different languages were used, Through much difficulty many worn- not just as a matter of interest but to

H131] WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

A FEW OF THE "THOUSAND PLUS" AT ~'OULASSI. AFRICA accentuate the fact that people of The Chain Enlarged by New Link.. many tongues and nations were meeting in the same service of prayer and For several years reports have come praise. from every state in the union. With each passing year new centers ar e re- In Athens 300 women of diverse ported. New names are added to the races and nations and tongues, many list from lands across the seas. Manof whom had been driven acr oss seas churia, South Africa, Uruguay and as homeless refugees, met in a beauti- the Fiji Islands are new links in the ful spirit of unity. Programs were chain in 1931. printed and hymns sung in Greek, Armenian, Turkish and English. There In every sanctuary new voices were was something wonderful about the heard. The participation of nationals mingled sounds of four languages was encouraging. In past years, in sung together. It seemed to be a fore- mission lands, the whole responsibility cast of the great chorus "which no of planning for the celebration of the man could number, of all nations and World Day of Prayer was in the hands kindreds, and tongues" standing be- of miss ionaries. In 1931 other women fore the throne singing praise to "God made a large contribution to the servwhich sitteth upon the throne and ices. In Burma the Burmese women unto the Lamb." took entire charge of the planning of the program and carried it out in a Again in South Africa prayers were splendid way. offered in Zulu and Lesuto and Isixoya and other dialects. The hymns were In one village in India where there sung in three or four languages but in are a few Christians but no organized perfect unison, softly and reverently church, a group of simple peasant without accompaniment. "The singing women met for prayer. They were illiterate and unaccustomed to taking was beautiful, ri ch, h armonious, grand part in a meeting but that day they -like an organ swel!."

ventured for the first time to utter fire placed on Isaiah's lips truly alive brief petitions. and burning with a message"; Per- "Speaking in public is a very new sian girls giving a pageant depicting and difficult venture for the women of life in India; a "Map Talk" in Japan Bulu Land. One of them prefaced her to make clear the circle of prayer; a remarks by asking to be forgiven for "sweet voiced little mother," at the being so short of breath and fright- foot of the Rockies in Canada, driving ened. She said: 'Who would have miles with her little ones in order to thought a few years ago that a Bulu be present and ·sing, "The Garden of woman would have dared to stand up, Prayer"; a great pageant in Kansas especially before men and talk? It City directed by a professional leader is the "Things of God" that have made and using girls of different nation- us free. Now even a little unimpor- alities-all give little glimpses of the tant woman such as I am can speak spirit of the varied groups over the the things that are in her heart.' " world. _.

After a thrilling address on "Wit- In Portland, Oregon, a business ness through the Ages," a Zulu wom- women's meeting was held at the noon an arose and said: "I do not know hour in a down-town district; in In- very much about the great witnesses dianapolis, Indiana, 350 attended the after Paul and the early church but I special evening service for young peo- will tell you of our people and how, pIe; in Xenia, Ohio, a local pastor led after the· missionaries brought the a prayer service and a missionary on good news to Natal, our people went furlough gave an address to the {)50 out to Gazaland and to the interior, boys and girls in the high school. In and some have died as martyrs and numerous places meetings were held witnesses to the truth." for children. In China in some of the In several centers "witnessing" took girls' schools the whole program was concrete form. In Foulassi, Africa, carried out in a beautiful way.

more than ninety remained after the A permanent organization was ef- great congregation had been dismissed fected in Tokio, Japan, which plans to dedicate themselves in a special way for two additional meetings during to the work of witnessing. In a Chi- the year. At the all-day meeting on nese village, following the meeting, February 20 the foreign women, in the women left the place of prayer and the spirit of Him who said, "I am went out two by two to call on their among you as he that serveth," them- neighbors and to give testimony for selves served lunch to all the as- their Master. In one district in India sembled women.

where pastors called men and women In some places the day was observed together the day was used for the as a quiet day of prayer and medita- opening ·service of a well-planned evan- tion without any announcements or gelistic campaign. In Mexico a young speaking. From 9 a. m. until 5 p. m.

man, a stranger, came into the meet- women came and went engaging in ing. Such a service was new to him; prayer, following the subjects given he became an inquirer and within a on a printed program. The hush was few weeks he, with twenty-three broken now and again by strains of others, was received into the fellow- sweet music as the organist played ship of the church. familiar hymns.

The Chain Made Beautiful by The Chain Made Binding by the Variety in Links Spirft of Unity Chinese women singing, "Watch- Every report breathes a beautiful man, What of the Night?" antipho- spirit of unity. Women in the United nally; a Chinese woman reading the States and Canada, in city and village sixth chapter -of Isaiah and "explain- and country community, met together ing the metaphor, making the coals of to witness-not to the value of their

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

different denominations – but to the world and of a new desire to cooperate power of the living Christ. In foreign in all kingdom service. lands as well, the lines of demarcation, while never distinctly drawn, vanished Not on the stated Day of Prayer as women joined in prayer and praise alone, but throughout the year many to God. Christian women have been "continu- ing instant in prayer" joining the One Chinese woman expressed the Sabbath sunset circle of prayer. thought 'of many; "I thank you sincerely for making pos·sible this fellow- Courage, hope, strength, inspiration ship of intercession. Such a sharing and joy have come to the Church of of prayer life will do much to advance Christ throughout the world because the kingdom on earth." A Japanese of the united prayers of God's chilwoman writing of the meeting at dren. Osaka said; "Who can understand the Wherefore let thy voice rise blessing of the meeting except those For so the whole round earth is every who were there? All were happy to think that the women of the world way were praying for the same objects at Bound by gold chains about the feet of the same time." Far Manchuria, reporting their first observance of the God. day added; "Thank you for making it possible for us to take part in this uni- rHINESE WOMEN WHO SANG AT THE versal Day of Prayer." From a re- SBTlVICE IN ICHOWF'U, SHANTUNG, mote station in Africa came thanks for being permitted to participate in CHINA this world-wide service which, as they said, "brought fresh courage, fresh "Hold Fast in Prayer" hope, fresh inspiration to our jaded spirits." With this as her theme Miss Helen Tupper of Lucknow, India, has pre- The Bulu people felt the sense 'Of pared a beautiful program for the fellowship and expressed it in a splen- next observance of the World Day of did way. The pastor read a greeting Prayer, February 12, 1932. It has and the whole congregation yebe'ed been sent in mimeographed form to (agreed) ; foreign landB where it will be trans- lated into many native languages and To all fellow-worshipers observing the dialects and is also ready in printed World Day of Prayer: form. In order to continue giving the "Call to Prayer" and the "Call to We, meeting in the World Day of Prayer to Young People" free, it has Prayer in Elat, Cameroun, West Africa, been necessary to raise the price of give greetings to all of you in forty-four the program from $1.75 per hundred countries of the world. to $2.00. Price per single copy re- mains the same as in prevh)Us years Today we are happy to give thanks to ~2 cents. Suggestions to leaders will you, our brethren all over the world, be- be furnished free with order for procause certain women of the faith were grams. led by God to create such meetings as are held this day. This shows that you A "Call to Prayer" goes out to all are real gardeners in the garden of God, lands with this message prepared by that you watch and pray because you 8ra. Elisa de PaBcoe, of Mexico: fear the one who wars against the Father and His servants shall come and sow his seeds in the hearts of men.

From all over our own land and from every land come testimonies of joy in being privileged to join the Christian women of the entire world in this fellowship ()f prayer, and evidences of an increasing interest in the extension of Christ's kingdom in the

Ask-for a life 'Of deeper spirituality quarters of the denominational misthat there may come a world-wide Pente- sion boards. C'Ost. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seek-for a life of world-service as of Foreign Missions of North America, church members "that the world may be- National Council of Federated Church lieve." Women and Council of Women for Home Missions are the three interde- Seek-for a life of cooperation and nominational organizations which prounity among churches that the work of mote the World Day 'Of Prayer. If the kingdom may go forward. the reader lives in a community where an observance has not heretofore been Knock-that. the world's door may be held and wishes to start plans for one opened-the Gospel spread-the kingdom in 1932, write for advice and sugestablished. gestions to the Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer, Room 43, 105 It is not too early to place order East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. for supplies, especially the "Call to Prayer" which may be used weeks be- A PRAYER FOR UNITY fore the day and also at the Sunset Hour each Sabbath until the World "0 God, who didst plan the Gospel Day of Prayer, March 3, 1933. :Bor an undivided Church, refuse not, because of the misunderstandings of Young people's groups are urged to its message which rend the unity of make similar use of the "Call to Christendom, to continue Thy saving Young People." work in the broken order of our mak- ing. Prosper the labor of all Churches The poster (14×22 inches) is the bearing the name of Christ and strivsame design as last year's with space ing to further righteousness and faith at the bottom for insertion of time in Him. Help us to place the truth and place for local meeting. By plac- above our conception of it and joyfully ing a poster in every church in the to recognize the presence of Thy Holy community, store windows and other Spirit wherever He may choose to places of prominence several weeks dwell among men. Teach us wherein before the observance, the date will be we are sectarian in our contention and well known and there will be less like- give us grace humbly to confess our lihood of conflicting engagements. fault to those whom in past days, our Price of the poster is 10 cents. communion has driven from its fellow- ship by ecclesiastical tyranny, spirit- One excellent way of making the ual barrenness or moral inefficiency, World Day of Prayer known is through that we may become worthy and comthe seals for envelopes and letter- petent to bind up in the Church the heads. These are the same design as wounds- of which we are guilty and so to hasten the day when there will be the poster, %xl % inches, 25 cents per one flock under one Shepherd, Jesus Christ, our Lord."-Bishop Brent, hundred, $1.75 per thousand. S01lthern Churchman.

The Service of Consecration, "Look- As we go to press, we learn that Helen ing Unto Jesus," by Jean Grigsby Tupper has become Mrs. H. A. Yusufji. Paxton is again available for use in Her marriage takes her to Jubbulpore, connection with the 1932 observance. India. It is suitable for use by the committee in charge prior to the observance or All things are possible to him who beon the day itself. Price is 10 cents. lieves; they are less difficult to him who hopes; they are easier to him who loves; A history of the World Day of and still more easy to him who practices Prayer will be sent on request. and perseveres in these three virtues.- Brother Lawrence. It is possible that other material may be issued for use on February 12, so watch future issues of this magazine for announcements as well as denominational publications.

All of the World Day of Prayer supplies are to be order(ld from head-

AMERICA mission been established among

During the last thirty years wonder- The Revolt in Cuba ful success has attended the mission- aries in this region, and it seems as if LATIN American unrest has spread only a lack of funds prevents the to Cuba and a serious revolution evangelization of a brave and interestwas threatened under the leadership ing people. of ex-President Menocal. Economic hardship, due to low price and super- fluity of sugar (selling at two cents a Chapel Auto in Puerto Rico pound), has added to the flame of political discontent. The present regime, T HE chapel auto is in service ill whatever party is in power, is always distant parts of the Island of blamed for hard times. Fighting be- Puerto Rico, often taking a little sidgan on August 9th, but the proclama- ing along some country road. Recently tion of marshall law by President Ma- the colporter pitched his tent in one chado, the capture of the ex-president, of the open spaces of a "barrio," and the defeat of the revolutionists (village) of Rio Piedras, where two seem to have suppre&sed the uprising. Sunday-schools are held on Sunday The revolutionists demanded: afternoons. A number in these chapel car services openly confessed Christ. The return to the constitution of 1901. The Christians stand, if necessary, all The reorganization of political parties. through the services, to give their Freedom of press and speech. seats to those who come as strangers A new census and new elections. to the tent, many of whom are hearing Resignation of President Machada, the Gospel for the first time. Candi- "who has unconstitutionally extended his dates, gathered together to be intenure of office." structed, often are numerous enough to make up a congregation. They are Such political and economic trouble taught to pray, to sing the Gospel severely harrasses the work of the message, and to live the Chdstian Christian churches. The American way; they are also taught to give. Presbyterian, Baptists, Methodists and A large number of earnest workers, others have built up a strong work with their pastor, a"e taking the Gosand are cooperating harmoniously, but pel message to the interior homes, far the present poverty is proving a very removed from the central highway.- serious handicap. Watchnwn-Examiner.

Chilean Indians Chile in Confusion T HE South American Missionary ABOUT three months ago Chile be- Society draws attention to the ft came tired of the dictatorship of needs of the Araucanians of southern Chile. For three centuries this tribe President Carlos Ibanez and the fires of Indians heroically struggled against the invader, and in spite of having to stand against European arms and of revolt spread. Wild scenes were methods of warfare, they never ac- enacted in the city streets. As a re- knowledged defeat. The descendants suIt the dictator fled. Then the navy of these warriors still occupy the lands mutinied under Communist impulses for which their forefathers suffered and threatened to set up a Soviet and died. Naturally, they distrusted regime. The mutiny has now been the foreigner, and only recently has a quelled and order established but Com- 861

munist fires smoulder under the sur- mental .outfit. I showed him Luke 22: face. The Chilean Army, under the 36, explaining that Christ and His military dictator, increased from 30,- KingdDm .had been rejected, the new 000 to 70,000 and the national debt order 'Of things which would have been from $125,000,000 to $500,000,000. -ushered in under his reign being re- The Chilean people seek relief from fused by religiDus leaders of his day.

militarism and from over-burdening [But in the account .of the incident in taxation; they need enlightenment in Matthew 26: 52, Jesus rebuked Peter the teachings of Christ concerning the for his use of the sWDrd.] I then told true basis of peace, righteousness and them 'Of the day when Christ shall re- good will. turn to earth and when spears and Revival in Peru swords shall be beaten into plDwshares and war shall cease. There was great DR. GEORGE RIDOUT, after con- astonishment and hungry questions." ducting evangelistic meetings in Lima, Peru, said: "My experience in EUROPE Lima teaches me that a revival of re- Novel Non-Churchgoer Campaign ligion is possible anywhere if God's ANGLICAN and NDnconformist people will meet the conditions." churches in CrDyd'On (LondDn) conducted a novel campaign tD reach Referring to an aeroplane tour of nonchurchgDers. The Bishop of Cr'Oy- dDn and Mr. Idris Evans bODked the South America by Rev. Harry Strach- most popular .open-air cricket pitches an, the editor of the Latin American Evangeli8t, writes: Time was when we thought it abso- for a series of meetings for the eXP'Osilutely necessary to the evangelization of tiDn of Christianity in the light of the continent that God should raise up mDdern knowledge' and social condieloquent Latin American evangelists. tions. At each meeting there was an The years have taught us wisdom. To- address .on a s12ecial subject by an exday, we are asking God to put His Spirit pert, and then time was devoted to upon all the native believers, however answering questions. The devDtional humble, and send them out into the high- part of the service was eliminated. ways and byways to gather in such as The Bish'OP spDke every night fDr a shall be saved. Our converts everywhere week, and was supported by all the are humble people, but they are in touch clergy and ministers of the borDugh. with multitudes of their own class–the Social and industrial questions were class that constitutes the vast majority. discussed, as well as theological and If they were filled with the Holy Spirit, philDsophical problems. Hecklers were how their love and zeal would speed them given full 'Opportunity by the speakers. with the message into'places where the missionary cannot go! Out on the coffee Religion in Norway Schools plantations, the peon would tell his fel-. lows; the washerwoman down by the RELIGION is included in the curricriver side would tell in her own way of ulum .of the scho'Ols in Norway and the joy and peace that are hers, because in other cDuntries with a state religiDn, "Jesus came into her heart." Wherever these believers are aflame with love to Christ. they are doing just that, with blessed results in souls saved.

Evangelizing Chile's Armies according to the United States Office .of EducatiDn. The religiDus instruc- MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. tiDn is usually listed first 'On the pro- STRONG, whD have been preach- gram. The age of confirmatiDn in the ing tD natiDnal troDps in both Chile Norwegian Lutheran Church is nDr- and Ecuador consider this the most mally fourteen, that is, at the clDse .of interesting .of all their South Ameri- the folke8kole, (primary: schDDI) when can ministry. At the clDse of a series the child has completed his first step 'Of meetings the oomma:rulante, sur- in religious training. The aim of the rDunded by his officers, asked: "'How CDurse in the middlekole, (secDndary do you reconcile the teachings of Jesus schoDl) is "tD secure a definite knowl- Christ with this 7" indicating the regi- edge of the mDst impDrtant content 'Of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bible history, the principal events in 1925. Nine denominations are included church history, together with the in the Council, only the Reformed Christian fundamentals according to churches having as yet refrained from the evangelical Lutheran faith." joining.

Million Dollar Church in Paris Religious Liberty in Italy THE American Church of Paris, a T HE Council of the World's Evan- union Protestant church whose first gelical Alliance has addressed a building was opened in 1857, dedicated letter to Signor Mussolini thanking its new million dollar edifice in Sep- him for "the recent promulgation of tember. The minister, Rev. Joseph W. Decree.'l of the Italian Government un- Cochran, is a Presbyterian, formerly .der which liberty of conscience and of Philadelphia and New York. The worship, first granted in Italy in 1861, church is free from debt, two Amer- is reaffirmed and substantiated for all icans having given $350,000 toward classes and creeds in the Italian kingthe building. Many of the stained dom." The following reply has been glass windows are gifts of American received through the Italian Ambasfriends of the church. The church is sador in London: "I am instructed by a positive influence in the city and is the Head of the Italian Government looked to for spiritual guidance by to thank you on his behalf for your many who have long since broken con- letter of the 2nd July last, and convey tact with their traditional religion. to you his most sincere appreciation The press in all parts of the republic of your acknowledgment of his action is opening its pages as never before in favor of liberty of conscience and to the news of evangelical progress. worship in Italy."

Gospel for Gypsies Finnish Mission Society ABOUT six years ago Jaija Sattler, FROM the annual report of Director member of a gypsy tribe of horse Tarkkanen of the Finnish Mission traders in north Germany, confessed Society, it appears that in Africa, Christ and has since worked as evan- where the Society has been at work gelist among gypsies. Last year he for 60 years, the doors are wide open translated John's Gospel in their dia- for the Gospel. The present number lect and 562 copies of the little book, of Christians in this field is 25,000. bound in red, the gypsy favorite color, During the past year 1,195 candidate~ were distributed during the summer. have applied for baptism.

The gypsies are not educated, nor The work in China is laboring unhave they a literature for preserving der the stress of the times but as a their language. Spending their lives result of the difficulties the Christians on the move, with only occasional there have experienced a deepening of gathering of their clans, their speech their faith and the work has been has fallen into many dialects. This carried forward. In spite of the ravnecessitates the printing of very small ages caused by Communists and baneditions in each dialect, with frequent dits, the hindering of the work, the changes in translation. plundering and destruction of stations, the work itself has &'Qne on. There Holland Has Church Council were 67 baptisms which under the circumstances is considered a very en- A COUNCIL of Churches in the couraging number. Besides, the pros- Netherlands came into being this pects for educational work are bright. year and held its first meeting on May The area oomprises a population of 28, in Utrecht. This most recent of three and one-half millions and among the developments in church federation these there are five male missionaries in Europe is a direct outcome of the at work (with only three married) Universal Christian Conference on and five unmarried female mission- Life and Work, held in Stockholm in

aries. The board is working with a curved in to the pinnacle. ThecSe domes deficit 'of 313,000 marks. were so graceful that they looked like golden bubbles 'On the tops of the (JowDlunism. Decreasing towers. The whole structure stood as E XCEPT in Germany and the Unit- a monument of Russian art and re- ed States, the membership of the ligion. But the Soviets put dynamite Communist Party is said to be now under it and reduced it to a mass of considerably less than it was a few broken stone. This piece of vandalism years ago. This fact was stated at is an illustration of what the anti- the recent meeting of the Communist religious Communists would like to do International Executive Committee in to God and to all religious faith. Their Moscow. Great Britain's figures indi- attitude and acts are a result of igno- cate that Communism finds its most rance, blindness and stupidity. Even favorable soil in times of local unrest. sceptics cry 'Out against such foolish The highest recorded membership of and destructive violence.

the Party in England was 10,730 in September, 1926, during the closing AFR,1;CA of the mines. In 1921 there were 10,- Conference on Children 000 members; early in 1931, 2,711 AN INTERNATIONAL Conference only. A notable feature of the Com- .t:. on African Children, organized munist Party's experience is the ra- by the "Save the Children Inter- pidity with which its new members national Union" wa,s held at Geneva drop away. Considering, therefore, during the summer. Nine experts that the latest figures must still in- were sent by the British Government.

clude a proportion of what might be The Belgian and Italian Governments called "floating" members, the solid were also represented. Delegates from membership of the Party in Great many denominations, including mis- Britain possibly does not much exceed sionaries and several Negroes from 1,000. The heavy loss of new mem- Africa and America took an active bers is almost certainly accounted for part in the discussions. It was de- by two causes: first, that Communism cided that a permanent center of in- promises to the needy and disaffected formation regarding African children what it cannot perform; second, that should be established in Geneva under the Party demands from its members the international union.

a degree of discipline and proselytiz- Conclusions regarding infant mor- ing labor such as only the fanatical tality, education and child labor will are prepared to give. Communism is be submitted to the colonial powers a most exacting form of slavery, and concerned, and to all colonial adminis- not, as is sometimes assumed, a doc- trations in Africa.

trine of perfect freedom.-The Chris- tian (London). Prohibition in Abyssinia Russians Blow Up Cathedral! PROHIBITION agitation has per- meated Ethiopia, says Addison E. Southard, American Minister t'O Abys- T HE Soviet Russians have blown up sinia. the great Cathedral of Moscow, built by Alexander I in commemora- Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethition of the defeat of Napoleon. This opia, claims descent from Solomon and was one of the great pieces of Russian the Queen of Sheba. architecture. Its walls rose foursquare pierced by slender windows, on the The Berhanena Salama-Abyssinia's four corners were small towers sur- on:Jy nationally read newspaper- speaks thus of intoxicating drink: mounted with domes, and out of the The harm caused by drink shops is vast structure rose the great central worthy of serious consideration. Prodome, consisting of a tower-like colon- prietors of lands alongside the roads naded base which swelled out and then build two Dr three or more ShDPS, accord- ing to their means, and rent them out.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The greater number of these places are teachers, and sent Europeans there, operated as drink shops. In order that they found at least 20,000 who stood receipts may not diminish, the operators steadfastly by the little they had of these shops invite musicians. When learned, waiting for the further light. passers-by hear the voices of musicians they are attracted by the music. Some Other African prophets have been young men approach the shops and listen. They see the home brew displayed in a menace to truth. Carried away by decanters, and they say: "Let us buy a piaster's worth and taste it." ·selfish ambition they have threatened both government and right conduct. Attracted by the conversation, they South Africa has had a succession of tarry and decide to drink more. The these. But instances are not lacking musicians request them to give their where religious awakening has come names. After they have given their through visions to those with Chrisnames the musicians begin to praise tian tendencies. One man, who apthem. parently died, sat up and told of a journey into another world, to a bright Drink shops should be forbidden, as and shining city where all were dressed they have become the source of all sins. in spotless white. One had come and told him to return to earth and call African. Gifts for Education. the people to give up beer and polyga- my and believe the Word of God. His ON THE Buwalasi plateau, 500 feet words were heard with awe by those up on Mount Elgon (Kenya Col- who had gathered to mourn. When ony), a training institution for clergy the man recovered he went everyand teachers is being erected by the where, speaking this simple Gospel of Church Missionary Society. Part of repentance and whoie villages were the money was contributed in England moved by the word of one who seemed and Ireland' and now Archdeacon to have heard in the spirit world the Mathers is bringing the scheme before message that confirmed the mission- African chiefs and congregations in ary's Gospel. the diocese. On one such occasion he says: Revolt in. Belgian Congo The chiefs rose one by one and depre- ECONOMIC depression is felt in the cated the selfish uses of money, county remote Kwango district of Belchiefs promising 100 to 200 shillings, gian Congo in the lowered price of smaller chiefs 60s., 50s., 40s., etc. A na- palm nuts, and the government is contive policeman gave lOs., teachers gave sidering the necessity for a fixed price more than a month's wage. A blind girl because of the natives' inability to gave 2s.; a man going on hands and understand economic fluctuation. Reknees 2s. At Lira when the school chil- cently, serious trouble was precipitated dren were asked if they could manage by so-called "Sons of Satan," a tribe 1008., immediately a forest of hands shot of devil worshipers. A prophet, anup. The people are also bravely tackling nounced that Satan was coming, and the erection of a church to cost £1,000. would bring money, provisions, and It was amusing at several places, where clothes. Natives erected huts around many could not find room inside the their villages, with gifts for Satan, as church, to see heads popping in at small they awaited his arrival. Then the windows, eager to make their promises. natives decided to expel the white man The promises in all amounted to about and dispose of everything belonging £250 ($1,220). to the Europeans. Trouble began in earnest, and rebellion followed. A -The Hope of Africa. European official was seized, killed and eaten by the natives. Punitive meas- "Prop,hets" in A.frica ures on a large .scale were then under- taken, and the revolt has been sub- ONE of the most striking phases of dued. African character is seen in the influence of so-called prophets.

William Harris was an unlettered catechumen of the Wesleyan Mission, who carried his burning zeal for the simple message of Christ all over the Ivory Coast, until French authorities deported him. When the Wesleyans heard the cry of his followers for 5

Religious Freedom in Sudan WESTERN ASIA A MOHAMMEDAN girl of the Su- Moslem Appraises Christian Mis"ions dan recently became a Christian. In Egypt, Copts may turn to Islam, AN ARTICLE in a Moroccan paper, and hundreds do, but in spite of by an outstanding Syrian, speaks constitutional religious liberty, if a on the nonpolitical character of Chris- Mohammedan wishe·s to become a tian missions: Christian, he meets opposition from all sides, and the law is no help to him. It has seemed good to many Moslems, The Egyptian Government has at times insisted upon young women, who whenever propagandists of the Gospel had become Christians, returning to their Mohammedan relatives or guard- appear in any corner of the Moslem ians. The Sudan Government, on the contrary, refused to return the young lands, to say, This is all machination for Mohammedan girl referred to above, to her Mohammedan relative·s on the the purpose of colonizing. I have always ground that she was of age. She has since been baptized, and is in active been and still am against this idea….. . Christian service.-AUiance Weekly. Those who invite to Christianity, and "TThe Hope of ./.frica HE two greatest fO.rces fO.r good who risk their lives for its sake in that are at work III AfrIca today are without doubt the Christian the farthest lands-despising killing, or home and the Christian school," writes a missionary of the Church Mission- death from cholera, or sleeping sickness; ary Society at Gulu, in the Eastern Province of Uganda. "It is the Chris- accepting gladly in its course a rough tian pupils in our schools who are the hope of Africa. It is they who will lhiof~eess,epaanrdatiootnherfrothmingths eir people and make or mar the nation, and so we th at are dear must fit them, body, mind, and spirit, for the tasks that lie before them. To to a man-do not endure all these hard- ships ……for the seeking of worldly aims, but have other-worldly purposes purely; they desire, according to their thought, to guide the rest of mankind into the right way. Truly, I respect these groups …… with all respect, and hope that there may be in Islam some to un- dertake one-tenthousandth part of what these undertake of sacrifice in such a course …… The great mass of them go to all parts of the world, and risk danger, and strive day and night to spread their religion and their intelligence without expecting rewards or thanks. Where are the preachers of Islam, callers to the Koran, who will give generously of their means; cross the deserts, and climb the mountains, and travel the seas to spread the word of monotheism? Where are the societies organized for this praiseworthy purpose?-Alliance Weekly.

do this we must train up more African United Missionary Council men and women who will in their T HE biennial meeting of the United turn lead their pupils 'on to be the best Missioriary Council of Syria and they can be for Christ and for their Palestine, held in Beirut last spring, own people. The call comes for more was the first attended by regular deleworkers to go out to these people. gates from evangelical churches of the Educational work is full of interest two countries. One of the first tasks and fascination in the Elgon Mission of the Educational Union was to surtoday, and full of untold possibilities. vey the extensive areas of Syria and Thousands are clamoring for knowl- Palestine unoccupied by any missionedge and yet there are all too few ary agency. Hundreds of villages are teachers and schools. The people are still untouched, but the new attitude most responsive. 'Send us a teacher,' of receptivity among the non-Chrisis their cry again and again, and often tian population is a challenge. There there are no teachers to send. Surely is an eagerness for education and litwe, with all the educational advan- erature. There is a breaking down tages we enjoy at home ought to give of the extreme rigidity of Islam and them a Christian education that will of the former prejudice against changchange the life of the country." ing one's religron. Public baptisms

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are possible and converts may ever re- American Board missionary institu- main in their old environment, and tions in Turkey from the point of view there witness for Christ. of religIous education. – The Congre- Other "finding,s" included: The or- gationalist.

ganization of the Christian Medical Council of Syria and Palestine; the INDIA AND BURMA establishment of a clearing house for Gandhi's Appeal for India M information about the development of AHATMA GANDHI gave his first radio broadcast from London and religious and political movements in this area; and an annual life-work it was heard in America on September conference for boys. 13th. He said: "On behalf of India's Prison for "Yellow" Editors semi-starved millions, I appeal to the conscience of mankind to come to the T HE L"nited Press states that news- rescue of people who are dying in or- papers in Turkey must be digni- der to regain their liberty." He defied, or their editors will go to jail. A scribed the human race as "sick unto new law prohibits the elaborating of death of blood-spilling" and as seeking reports of murders, burglaries, and another method of settling differences.

suicides. Any attacks on the institu- "Perhaps it will be the privilege of the tion of monogamous marriage are for- ancient land of India to show the way bidden, as well as detailed reports of out to a hungering world!"

divorce proceedings. It is said that The thing which impressed listeners the highly CO'lored representations of was its sincerity and his admissions suicides in particular, which have ap- of the weakness of the case which he peared in the Turkish press, have been represents. He expressed humiliation responsible for prompting a wave of that Hindus believe that millions of suicides among the young, especially their countrymen are born "untouch- among Turkish women and students. ables." He spoke frankly of the vio- lent divisions between Moslems and Religious Education – Without Reli- Hindus and offered to sign a blank gion'! piece of paper letting his Moslem CAN the religion of Jesus be caught friends write out the agreement. Mr. without being taught? This is a Gandhi is descended from a line of real problem in missionary work. The prime minister,s in his native state.

Turkish Government has placed in- Before he abjured worldly gain, he creasingly stringent regulations in the was earning a good income as an at- way of religious instruction in the torney in British courts. The loincloth schools and other institutions main- that he wears is his armor and a tained bv the American Board in Asia badge of honor, showing his selfsacri- Minor. . The Bible cannot be taught, ficing spirit in the efforts to bring nor religious services held in connec- peace and prosperity to India.

tion with school' work. The teachers are forbidden to discuss religion with Poverty and Illiteracy in India anyone under eighteen years of age T HE report of the British Royal Commission on Labor in India, without the parents' consent. with -seven Indians, and represent- How far can Christian faith be atives of employers and workmen and propagated by ,simple "contagion of character"? Is it sufficient for a mis- one woman, is generallyconsidered the sionary to merely live a truly Chris- most valuable document ever produced tian life without overt efforts at evan- giving reliable and impartial informagelism? These are interesting questions, and exceedingly practical ones. tion about labor conditions in India. W. A. Harper, formerly president of The report says: Elon College, has sailed for the Near East to study the present work of the In India nearly the whole mass of in- dustrial labor is illiterate, a state of affairs which is unknown in any other

country of industrial importance. It is expenditure of about $900,000. This almost impossible to overestimate the will provide a beautiful chapel, two consequences of this disability, which are classroom buildings, library, four labobviously in wages, in health, in produc- oratories, an administration building, tivity, in organization and several other a students union club house, six dordirections. Modern machine industry de- mitories, a swimming pool, athletic pends in a peculiar degree on education, grounds and 35 bungalows for the and the attempt to build it up with an faculty. illiterate body of workers must be difficult and perilous.

Decline of Drink Tramc A Boy in Tra.ining F T IGURES of the excise revenues of HE story of Jito, one of the stu- India for the year, April, 1930, to dents at Ewing Christian High March, 1931, show evidence of con- School, Ludhiana, is as an example of siderable decline. The anti-drink cam- the type of boy who seeks education paign carried on by the National there. Jito enrolled a number of years Congress and its thQusands of volun- ago with a desire for an education, teers all over the country is an im- but had little money with which to portant factor in bringing about this pay his expenses. A friend paid part decline in the revenues from intoxi- and he received a scholarship. He cut cating drink. The general economic kindling wood and worked at any odd depression has also made its contribu- job which he could get. tion, for people naturally give up non- Jito is from the depressed (out- essentials when their ineome declines. caste) classes. He told the principal The total loss of excise revenues for last winter that his greatest desire in one year in all the provinces is 34,- life was to become a Christian min- 845,000 rupees, (about $13,500,000). ister. With that as his goal he is attending a training class for teachers Christian Educa.tion for Men and after that will learn a trade, per- DR. E. D. LUCAS, President of For- haps weaving, so that he will have man Christian College, recently -some means of helping to support himsaid that the next ten years in India self, should his congregation not be are going to be perhaps the most able to meet all his expenses.

critical years in India'-s long history: Fifty Years in Ongole and what India becomes and does in these ten years will be of great sig- T HE golden jubilee of the Ongole nificance to the entire world. He con- High School in South India was tinued: celebrated early this year. During "America has done big things in these past fifty years more than 4,200 Christian education for China, the boys have attended this American Philippines, the Near 'East and for Baptist Mission school. The influence Egypt, but we have not a single well- of this institution among the Telugus endowed or well-equipped American can scarcely be overestimated. Gradu- Christian college for men in India. A ates are filling positions of trust both college, which for the present receives in and out of the mission, ranging substantial help in men and money from doctors in mission hospitals, from America, with its -spirit and con- teachers and headmasters in schools, trol thoroughly Indian, is what Chris- from village primary to normal train- tian India wants for the training of ing schools, agriculturalists, clerks, her best sons and for helpful, fruitful school inspectors, agents in govern- service to non-Christian India. ment offices, and many other positions "For this new college of our dreams, of interest. Those in charge of the we have secured and'paid for the new school aim so to permeate the institu- site of 200 acres, we have in the sale tion with the spirit of Christ, and value of our present site about $500,- surround the boys with the Christian 000. Our building plans call for an atmosphere that they will be eager

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and ready to represent him in what- CH.~A ever work they do in India.-Watchman-Examiner. Christianity at Work Christian Leadership in Burma DR. C. Y. CHENG, foremost Chris- tian leader of China, was a rJ' HRA )fAUNG YIN is a product speaker at the International C. E. .1 of foreign missions. His efficiency, Convention in San Francisco. His observations on the religious tug of zeal and wise administration have war going on in China are of interest. brought him deserved commendation. He says that the spirit of bewilder- He is an acknowledged leader, wise in ment has passed and a changed attiall his efforts, commanding the respect tude from inertia to activity has come and good will of all races among whom over the Christian Church, which has he works. been kept busy during the past two years in practical projects for the un- When he enlisted for work among fortunate. Many forms of applied rethe non-Christians during his first long ligion have been attempted with good vacation while attending the Theo- effects, notably the famine relief work logical Seminary, the villagers where for the ·suffering millions. The Nawe asked him to stay and work re- tional Christian Council is considering fused to receive him, yet he quietly practical measures for helping the stayed, helping them in their houses economic conditions. A number of and field manual work, meantime gain- Christian Qr semi-Christian organizaing the interest and cooperation and tions are facing some of the more admiration of the children. Then he urgent social problems, such as child started a school and of course estab- welfare, opium traffic and mass edulished a choir. The pupils helped him cation. There is also a new consciousbuild a rough school building, but it ness of the importance of the home, was soon burned. They built another and much attention has been given to and that, too, was burned. Somewhat efforts for the christianization of the later they built a third which is still home life of China. standing. When he had to go back to the Seminary they all begged him On the other hand, opposing forces to come back to them during the next against Christianity have never been vacation. so bold and positive in their denunci- ations and criticisms. More literature That was almost 30 years ago and has been published in recent years now that village is Christian and the against the Christian religion than in center of several other villages which all past years; yet the circulation of also have become Chri.stian. There is the Bible has been singularly successno church which would not gladly call ful. General Chang Chih-chiang orhim as pastor if a new one were re- dered specially bound copies from the quired. American Bible Society for his Chris- tian and non-Christian friends, and He served for two years as chaplain had printed on the covers, "This is during the War and baptized 137 con- the greatest book in the world." verts from his regiment, Burmans, Pwo Karens and Sgaw Karens, who Missionaries and the Church in China have stood the test of time admirably. The English commanding officer ex- THE position of the missionary in pressed the greatest regret that he the Church of Christ in China is could not stay longer and gave him discussed in an address by Dr. A. R. the highest recommendation as to his Kepler, General Secretary of the Seccharacter and abilities. ond Assembly of the Church of Christ in China. Because of the lack of uni- It is now his ambition to have every formity in practice Dr. Kepler makes church in the Baptist Association a the following proposals :- center of evangelism, dennitely pledged to active participation. – Dr. C. A. Nichols.

(1) That missionaries now holding ing a worthy reply to her detractors membership only in the Church in in the Five-Year Movement, 8eeking China be advised to restore their mem- to build up her own spiritual life, make bership in their Mother Church in the active Christian centers of her homes, West. (2) That we urge all local reach out to the unevangelized with churches, district associations and the Gospel of Christ, and to offer servsynods to receive missionaries work- ice to the illiterate, the ignorant, the ing in the Church in China as cooper- poor and oppressed, the victims of an ative members, and that as long as unjust social order and the rapidly dethey work in our Church, they shall vel9ping industrial system. 5. Rural have all the privileges and responsi- church work has entered on a new bilities that the Chinese have in the era of effectiveness. 6. Most signifisame work. (3) That we ask each cant was the public baptism of the church, district association and synod virtual President of the Republic, to provide on its membership rolls a Chiang K'ai-Shek. classification known as cooperative members, on which the missionaries Communism.'s Strength and Weakness working under the control of our Church shall be placed. (4) That other T HE present strength of Commumissionaries not working under the nism in China is seen in the folcQntrol of the Church in China, but lowing figures: their five generals working in affiliated organizations, control four armies totaling 60,000 such as the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. soldiers. A., National Christian Council, Christian Literature Society, etc., may also These Communists operate in five be made cooperative members by the provinces, actually rule over 50,000 vote of the local church, district as- square miles, have the cooperation of sociation or synod. (5) Where the wife Russia, the ,sympathy and support of of a missionary does full-time WQrk millions of peasants and workers, and under the Church, she shall, as a mem- when they are attacked by national ber of the local church, have all the troops, groups of mutino~s soldiers privileges of church members.-The continually join them. In two vears United Church Review. they caused 28 mutinies in th~ na- tional armie;; and stirred up 184 The Church Marches On strikes in Shanghai alone. T. T. Lew reports that of 600 books printed in T HE London Missionary Society China during the first five months of thus sums up the progress made 1930, two-thirds were on social probby the Chinese Christian Church. 1. lems, and at least 400 were colored by The violent anti-foreign movement Communism or were thoroughly Comhas shorn the Church of political pres- munistic. Their leaders are well edutige, leaving her stronger spiritually, cated and courageous; many have and free to become a veritable Chinese studied in Moscow or other places in Church. 2. The same thing ·stimulated, Europe. even precipitated, the growth of selfgovernment. The Church during this Withal, it is not considered likely time has taken over from the missions that Communism will dominate China many responsibilities and is preparing because it violates the Chinese demoto assume more. 3. The union of Con- cratic instinct, her social and family gregational and Presbyterian elements ideas, as well as her love of comprois attracting to itself other denomina- mise and peaceful methods. tional groups and is building up a strong Church organization. A pro- Peaceful Activities of the Army visional General Assembly was held in 1925, and the first full meeting two FOR the first time in the history of years ·later. 4. The church is mak- China, soldiers of the National Army have been utilized in a purely civil undertaking completely in charge of civilians, acccrding to a letter re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ceived by the Board of Foreign Mis- was a burglar and although the missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. sionary had not aimed to kill him and S. A. The occasion was the formal had not even intended to wound him, opening of the $1,000,000 Satochu still the shooting was not justifiable. Canal on the Yellow River, running They said: almost 50 miles to the Black River, with about 150 miles of branch water- Although Dr. Tucker, in protecting the ways cutting off from the main canal. hospital property, felt it necessary to The soldiers in uniform were im- shoot, certainly the taking of life is conpres,sed into the service in order to trary to the purpose of a missionary in have the canal ready on schedule time. coming to China. As the missionary pro- The canal was conceived and consum- claims the Gospel of Jesus, who sacrificed mated in the hope that it will help His life for others, so the missionary's convert the Yellow River, known as acts should exemplify the Christian "China's Sorrow," into "China's Bless- spirit. Accordingly the present group ing." absolutely disapproves of this fatal shooting, unintentional though it was, " 0A Chinese ArDlY Decalogue and likewise disapproves of a mission- MEA," an organization of influ- ary using deadly firearms to protect ence in the nationalist armies of property. China, signifies "Officers Moral Endeavor Association." The body is pat- The American and British business terned after the Y. M. C. A. and has men in China have strongly taken the adopted ten commandments formu- opposite view. Certainly the incident lated by General Chiang Kai-shek, is much to be regretted, although the president. They are: missionary may be exonerated. It is the conviction of many Christians that 1. Thou shalt not covet rifles. the taking of the life of another is not 2. Thou shalt not fear to die. justifiable, even in the defence of one's 3. Thou shalt not ostentatiously personal life and property.

show thyself. JAPAN-CHOSEN 4. Thou shalt not be proud. 5. Thou shalt not be lazy. Lack of Religious Liberty in Japan 6. Thou shalt not commit adultery CHRISTIAN schools in Japan have nor gamble. been laboring under a serious 7. Thou shalt not smoke. handicap in their effort to provide re- 8. Thou shalt not borrow money. ligious education for their students. 9. Thou shalt not drink wine. 10. Thou shalt not lie. On August 3, 1899, the Department of Education issued a regulation which Shan Missionaries Shoot? reads as follows: T HE fatal shooting of a Chinese Since it is highly important to keep burglar by Dr. F. F. Tucker, in general education separate from religion, the Williams-Porter Hospital of the therefore it shall not be allowed in American Board Mission at Tehchow government and public schools and in last July, created a diplomatic incident schools conforming to the curriculum which was settled by the release of the ordained by law, to conduct religious missionary in custody of the Ameri- ceremonies even outside of the regular can consul at Tsinan. Twenty-seven curriculum. members ,of the American Board Mission, of which Dr. Tucker was a mem- This ordinance has forbidden reliber, sent a statement of their attitude gious instruction and religious ceretoward the incident to the vernacular monies in all government and public and English-language pres,s. These schools and in all schools which sought missionaries, who did not sign their full government recognition. names, held that, although the Chinese Schools which were willing to for- feit the privileges and advantages of government recognition could p"ovide for religious education in their cur- riculum and hold religious meetings in their school buildings. Such schools are at a great disadvantage because

of the fact that graduates of recog- rate per 1,000 fell from 19.6 to 16.7, nized public schools may go on to and the infant mortality fell to 65 per higher institutions without an exam- 1,000 births as compared to the averination: also these students get the age of 156 for the whole of Japan. privilege of postponing military training until after graduation, and they The National Brewers and Distillers get preferential treatment in securing League faces the probability (on their government appointments and public own e·stimate) of a decreased coneducational institutions. sumption this year of 25 per cent and memoralized the Government to forbid The result is that ambitious young all in official positions from in any way people apply first of all to government supporting or furthering the Temand public institutions and if they fail perance Movement! to get in there they take the Christian and private schools as a second choice. Hara Kiri and Temperance This means that the best and brightest students, as a rule, are found in AT THE annual conference of the government and public schools while Japan Temperance League, in the Christian and other private schools ancient capital of Nara, 800 represenhave to be content with students of. tative tempe"ance workers gathered lesser ability. from practically every prefecture in the empire. There are now 2,111 tem- A Dry Villa.ge in Japan perance societies reported, an increase of 555 during the year. NOTO,a village of 3,000 population, is the first "dry" village in Japan. The sacrificial enthusiasm of the (There are now 54 dry, in whole or in workers for temperance is shown in part.) When the village school was the remarkable fact that a year ago destroyed by fire five years ago the 54 persons banded themselves tovillage was too poor to rebuild. At gether, vowing each to organize one that time the average amount spent new society during the year or else yearly by the villagers in sake was commit hara kiri before the assembled about Yen 9,000. They figured that delegates! This band was able to refive years' abstinence would build a port 85 new societies due to the efforts new school and by vote of the Village of members. The "Hara Kiri" Band Council decided to go "dry" for a five- was reorganized with 85 members this year period. That new school build- year. ing has now been paid for, and the benefit of abstinence has been so The average amount of sake manumarked that the council voted to ex- factured in the empire during the five tend the term for five years further. years 1925-29 shows a decrease of 6% Mr. Moriyama, headman of the village, per cent over the previous five years. gives statistics showing that progress There is, however, a 16 per cent per had been made in every department. capita increase over the year 1913. The total taxes on sake amount to Yen In 1925 there were in Co-op. Society 20,000,000 per year. 369 members with Yen 27,819 deposits. Crisis in Christian Education In 1930 there were in Co-op. Society 523 members with Yen 37,973 deposits. T HERE is a general feeling that all is not well with Christian educa- In 1925 there were P.O. Savings by tion in Japan. There is a growing 1,787 persons of Yen 4,797. spirit of dissatis{action with things as they are. The tendency has been In 1930 there were P.O. Savings by to leave some weakness as an inevi- 2,546 persons of Yen 9,395. table result of circumstances over which Christian educators have no Health was better. Men reported control; but today the question is beas able to do twice as much work as ing asked seriously as to whether these before. Patients in the local hospitals circumstances are not threatening the decreased steadily from 206 in 1925 to 113 in 1930. The general death

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very raison d'etre of Christian edu- nese. Possibly they were stimulated cation. Two suggestions seem to be by Japanese of the sQ-called Man- outstanding in the minds of those churia-MongQlia party who are agitat- who have given their best thought Qn ing to extend Japan's sphere of in- the subject. One is the need of a fluence in these two regions. The drastic reduction of numbers, the Japanese authQrities apparently were Qther is a fearless PQlicy of unity. For very remiss in failing to protect the the future of Christian education the Chinese and to disbul"Se the Korean two must stand or fall together; but mobs. The police claimed to' have in- either, if carried into effect, will re- sufficient forces at hand but a few quire courageQUS action. Will the armed Japanese police might have con- churches and mission boards allQw trolled the situation. Only the lQwer such actiQn to be taken? – Japan classes of Koreans – ignorant and Ch1'istian Quarterly. easily inflamed tQQk part in the at- tacks. Whenever Japanese soldiers or A Japanese Philanthropist armed police appeared on the scene AJAPANESE layman, who is al- they had no difficulty in restoring or- ready giving a son to the church's der. ministry, is now establishing a trust fund of about $100,000 gold, the in- The Chinese are convinced that the come to be used fQr the church in the attacks were at least winked at by the Tohoku District, after the death of Japanese authorities in Qrder to crethe donor and his wife, It is an epoch- ate a situation that would justify the marking event. occupation of new districts in Man- churia. The Chinese Consul General Dr. Imaizumi, the giver, it fine in SeQul reports that attention Qf Christian gentleman and a professQr Japanese authorities was called to ruin the Imperial University at Sendai, mors of impending riots but this said simply that he felt everything he notice was ignored. The subsequent possessed he held in trust fQr GQd and occupatiQn of Mukden by Japanese His Church and that the time had troops gives additional cause for suscO'me when he must prepare to give piciQn that the military party in Japan up his stewardship. is nQt guiltless.

As a result of these cQnflicts, China Chinese in Chosen has refused Japanese cQntributi{)ns to- UNFORTUNATE attacks Qn Chi- ward relief of flood sufferers, has de- nese occured last July in several clared a boycott on Japanese goods Korean cities, and several hundred in- and has appealed to' the League of nQcent Chinese were killed or severely Nations to' investigate the Manchurian injured. Many shQPs and hQmes were situation.

alsO' burned 0'1' IOQted and hundreds of thQusands of dQllars WQrth Qf gQQds Christisns in Korea A were destrQYed. The attacks seem to' J APANESE gentleman recently told his traveling cQmpanion Qn have started in Gensan and later spread to PYengyang, Seoul and other the train that abQut half of the Korean centers. The immediate cause was peQple were Christians, While this is dQubtless the "WanpaQshan Incident" far frQm true, none can deny that the when a clash occurred Qn July 2nd Christian religiQn is a vital and in- between the KQreans and Chinese in creasingly potent factor in the lives of cQnnectiQn with the excavatiQn Qf a the Koreans. The extreme poverty, river channel. superstitiQn and ignorance of the peo- From the most authentic reports it ple, and the absence of traditional seems evident that some Japanese lQyalty to other weIl-Qrganized faiths, newspapers enlarged and misrepre- has given the Christians a peculiar sented the "incident" fQr the purpose advantage in Chosen. The tQtal num- of inflaming Koreans against the Chi- ber Qf KQrean cQmmunicants in PrQt-

estant churches is approximately 260,- world, has been helping with the kin- 000. In proportion to the population dergarten work. The public school au- that is about three times the member- thorities, offered her a salary almost ship of the churches in Japan, al- three times larger than the one she though Protestant missions have been received, if she would give up the conducted less than fifty years in mission work and accept a position in Korea and more than sixty-five years the government school. But she re- in Japan. plied, "No, I have already found my work, and am so happy in it, I would ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC not think of leaving it for any amount of salary." rrThe Bible for the Moros HE Rev. G. B. Cameron, Secretary A successful Sunday-school conven- for the Phi.lippine Islands, writes tion had as a speaker, Hon. Theodore in the Bible Society Record, of the Yangoo, one of the wealthiest men in restrictions in evangelizing Moham- the islands and who was the first resimedans: dent commissioner to represent the "Until recently some government Philippines in Washington in 1908officials adhered strictly to a policy 1910. He is a member of the Manila of noninterference with the religion Presbyterian church and a gl'eat philof the Mohammedans, and discouraged anthropist.

or frustrated any attempt of mission- aries to teach the Mohammedans about Pioneering in Dutch East Indies T Christianity. Lately, however, the HREE years ago the whole east coast of Borneo was without a misbars have been let down somewhat. A few courageous souls have been quietly sionary; nor was there any in interior carrying on among the Moros for some Borneo, with its one million popula- years, and lately three separate mis- tion, none in Bali, Lombok or Sum- sions have openly undertaken evan- bawa, the three islands east of Java gelistic work in different sections of and only one in the southwestern pen- the Moro field, with encouraging re- insula of the Celebes. Now, under the sults. Alliance Mission and the Chinese For- "Missionaries are clamoring for eign Missionary Union eight stations Moro Scriptures – in three dialects! in all are in operation. Bali, largest The mission in Sulu wants the Gos- in' population of the three islands, had pels and later the New Testament put a Dutch missionary 60 years ago, but up in such a way as to reach the three was martyred by the Balinese; and schools. This means a triglot-a sec- since then Dutch colonial authority tion on one side of the open pages has prohibited missionary work there.

in Arabic script (the sacred writing) In Lombok, the only barrier is one of for the datu class, and on the opposite language, while in Sumbawa, Moham- page, in two sections, the same ac- medanism is strongly entrenched.

count in Romanized letters and in The "Courier," a little motor launch, English." 42 feet long by 11 feet wide, the gift of Rev. Paul Rader's people in Chi- Work for Filipino Children cago, arrived at the end of last year T HE Rev. Charles N. Magill, D.D., and will prove helpful in carrying the a Presbyterian missionary at Ta- Gospel message to the interior of yaba, Philippine lslands, has been con- Borneo.

ducting services five nights a week.

Every Sunday afternoon and Tuesday NORTH AMERICA evening classes are held for fifty boys Men and Mi"8on8 Sunday N and girls between the ages of six and OVEMBER 15th marks the 25th anniversary of the founding of twelve. Miss Babista, who has been in the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

America and traveled around the By action of many mission boards, this

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day is to be known as "Men and Mis- which the issues that lie at the center sions Sunday." of all the church's efforts were dis- cussed by notable speakers. Every minister is being asked to preach on some phase of the theme of Peace Meeting. in 150 Cities the day. "HOW may another world war be Where the order of service permits, averted?" was the theme di·s- a layman may be requested to speak on the same topic – "Men and Mis- cussed at peace mass meetings held in sions"-for five or ten minutes. 150 cities across the United States and Canada, during the week, Oct. 25-31, Men's Bible Classes are also invited under the auspices of the World Toto give time to discuss that theme. morrow. These meetings were spon- sored by a committee of 275 distin- Every religious speaker on the air guished peace leader,s. Five major that day is being requested to call topics were discussed at the meetings: men to renewed interest in the study disarmament, world organization, reof missions at home and abroad. moving causes of hostility, war resist- ance and education for peace. The An interdenominational men's meet- largest auditoriums available were ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue reserved in the various cities and not Presbyterian church in the afternoon less than 200 outstanding peace advoat 4 o'clock, and simultaneous men's cates will speak at the meetings. meetings in other cities from coast to coast. Broadcasting Religion Warning to Girls ASTRIKING demonstration that the message of Christ may be heard T HE Welfare Council of New York, over a whole continent at once, through an organization which coordinates the radio which uses the waves of invarious social agencies, has issued a visible ether, was the inauguration of warning to young women out of work "The Church of the Air" on Sunday, to avoid New York City. The alluring September 27th, by the Columbia pictures of life in the great metropol- Broadcasting System. At 10 A. M., itan centers, drawn by fiction writers 2: 30 and 5: 00 P. M., an Episcopalian, and moving picture producers are a Roman Catholic and a Jewish rabbi false. The Welfare Council estimates spoke to the whole country, from Denthat there are 100,000 girls and un- ver, Boston and New York. married young women among the army of unemployed in New York City Disciples Cut Expenses today and calls attention to the fact that while the cost of living has gone DEFICIENCY in gifts and increased down in New York so have wages for deficit for the missionary year, girls. Long continued unemployment has led the United Christian Missionand greatly reduced wages have forced ary Society, (Disciples of Christ) to thousands of girls to lower standards vote an adjustment of $175,000 in the of living. Many girls try to save on budget. This will involve the reducrent by seeking rooms in poorer neigh- tion of salaries of officers of the soborhoods, often with' distressing re- ciety and workers in the homeland, sults and increased temptations and reduction of the headquarters staff dangers. Today it is harder than ever and economy in promotion; also large for the out~of-town girls to find work cuts in religious and missionary eduin large cities. cation, in home missions and benevo- lence; in the field of foreign missions, C!lnadian Churchmen Hold Mission- the reduction will involve the with- drawal of missionaries from Tibet and ary Congress Jamaica and most of the workers in AGREAT gathering of mini,sters and laymen of the conferences of Ontario and Quebec was held Oct. 1 and 2. It was a missionary congress, at

the Philippines–placing the burden in house, and he is the first tD be dis- the Philippines largely on the Filipino charged in time of unemployment.

Jeaders. Between 1885 and 1925 over 4,200 per- sons were lynched, or an average of Town Churches and Country Needs two per week for forty years. After T HE country church seems to many greatly reducing the number, there to be growing less important in has been a recrudescence of lynchings American religious life. Farmers and during the past year. the people of the small viIIages can now go to the larger towns and at- While the Mohammedan world is actend services in larger churches. But tually practicing racial brotherhood, and the communist world equal com- churches and ministers have some- radeship regardless of race, the United thing more to do than furnish sermons States is unwilling to give the Negro and services of worship, and very few federal protection by law against town churches project their ministry lynching, and the majority of white into the surrounding rural communi- Americans, despite years Df preaching ties. Specific data supporting these and student discussion groups, appar- general statements have been coming ently are not prepared to practice ra- to light in a survey of twa counties in cial brotherhood. There can be no Nebraska by Dr. J. R. Hargreaves. question but that we should have a He found that when a rural area has wDrld of brotherhoDd in race relations no center for its relighms life, its if the ideals of Jesus were realized.

population generally lacks the other Although we seem far from its realiza- integrating agencies that bind the tion, Christian love wiII surely make residents of a district together. So- some beginnings today in the practice cial, cultural and economic organiza- of equal brotherhood that wiII be both tion tends to evaporate with religious costly and sacrificiaL-Sherwood Ed- organization. The country and village dy.

people tend to become detached and ir- GENERAL responsible suburbanites without true fellowship in Christian activities. The World Alliance Conference Race aJ,ld Brotherhood T HE triennial meeting of the World Alliance for International Friend- H AVE we achieved even an ap- ship Through the Churches was held proach to or a working approxi- at Cambridge University, England, matiDn of real brotherhoDd in our re- Sept. 1-5. Nearly four hundred dele- lation to the non-white majority of the gates were present representing all human race? The favored white race the Protestant churches of thirty- has acquired political control of near- three nations of the world. One Ro- ly nine-tenths of the habitable globe, man Catholic priest was present as an including over half of Asia and all but "observer."

one-thirtieth of Africa. In America The delegates came from almDst our attitude to the Negro has become every country in Europe, from the notDrious throughout the world. In United States, from China and Japan all parts of the country there is dis- and from the British Dominions to crimination and, in some sections, seg- discuss such questions as disarmament, gregation in separate residential dis- national security, the rights of minori- tricts, separate schoDls, churches and ties, national and international loyal- railway coaches; with inadequate ap- ties, and the whole question of the propriations for education, and with- Christian attitude tDward world peace, out the right to vote, although that is the respDnsibility of the churches for guaranteed by the Constitution. The world peace and the Geneva confer- Negro is frequently paid less than the ence next February. These questions white man for doing the same work, occupied the minds of some of the charged more for renting the same most honored church leaders.

001S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns win be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Northern Republics of South America linMgur.isKt eonfnmetuhcGh raubbibli,ttyh, ehaausthtorar~eilsead -Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. ,,:ideiy through South America, espe- By Kenneth G. Grubb. 8vo. 151 pages. Cially among the Indians in the interi- 58. World Dominion Press. London or, and has rendered a timely service New York. 1931. in the production of this book.

The World Dominion Survey Series W. R. W. "attempts to describe briefly and clearly the situation in various countries from the standpoint of world evangel- Torchlights to the Cherokees: The Brainization." The countries surveyed in erd Mission. By Robert Sparks Walkthis volume are the three northern- er. 339 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New most republics of South America. York. 1931. Though they are the nearest to us they are least often visited by travel- The author of the book was himself ers from the United States and are born twv miles from the old Brainerd less familiar than other republics far- Mission near Chickamauga, Tennessee. ther south. To meet the need for in- Under a rather fanciful title he has formation, the history of each republic given us a splendid record of the misis given in outline, as well as a sum- sion to the Cherokee Indians founded mary of geographical characteristics in 1816 and broken up when these and of prevailing conditions, economic, tribes were forced to migrate westeducativnal and religious. Heroic ward. During twenty years of its exservice is being rendered by evangeli- istence this mission, begun by the cal missionaries but they are too few, Moravians and continued by the Board and the unoccupied areas constitute a of Foreign Missions of New England, real challenge to the American church. had great success in the industrial Thus in Colombia, which has nearly social and moral uplift of the people: eight million inhabitants and is out- The author tells the amazing story of ranked in population only by Brazil how laws were passed, forbidding and Argentina, after 75 years of mis- whites to live on Cherokee lands withsionary service there are but 59 for- out license and how the mission leadeign missionaries, and 1,167 commu- ers under this law were arrested, and nicants; Venezuela, with a population served two years imprisonment. It is of 3,000,000, has 102 evangelical mis- a page from what Helen Hunt Jackson sionaries, with 2,310 communicant has truly called "A century of dishonmembers; Ecuador, with a population or." The account is well documented of nearly 2,000,000, has 41 foreign and the details of the life among the Indians are fascinating.

missionaries and only 290 communi- .T~e brl;ltal treatment received by the cant members. The Survey editor mlSSlonarles at the hands of the state ofwrites in the Foreword: ficials who pretended to be Christians is one of the blackest stains on the charac- A total of somewhat less than four ter of the white race in North America. th~usand communicants among a popu- The thread of the plot to drive the mislatIOn of twelve and a half million points sionaries from the State of Georgia exto the need for far wider evangelism in tended from the officials of that state into these lands in order to create an indig- the office of the Chief Executive of the enous church capable of itself carrying United States at Washington. on the work of further evangelization. S. M. Z.

877

The quakers as Pioneers in Social Work. Christ of the Burma Road. By V. W. By Dr. Auguste Jorns. Translated by Dyer. 12mo. 157 pp. American Bap- Thomas Kite Brown, Jr. 269 pp. $2. tist Mission Press. Rangoon. 1931.

Macmillan. New York. One of the most fascinating and en- couraging stories of modern missions Quakers are one of the smallest of is the story of how Burmese Chrisreligious bodies, but they have an in- tian students have gone out in groups ftuenceout of all proportion to their week by week to evangelize and awaknumbers. They average high in intel- en their own countrymen, and have ligence, character and humanitarian crossed over into Siam and Burma on spirit. This volume presents in read- the same mission. The methods have able form an outline of the Quaker been remarkable-as we have alreadY Movement and the contribution that recorded in these pages. Mr. Dye;, Quakers have made to poor relief, one Qf the missionary leaders of these education, temperance, public health, groups, tells the story in this small prison reform and the abolition of slavery. It is an impressive array of facts and it gives the reader a deeper volume. He explains the aim, the appreciation of the philanthropic serv- methods and the outcome. Missionaries ice that has been rendered by this in other lands and Christians in Amer- group of Christians who, as we are ica and England will find here many told, "seem in these latter days to be valuable suggestions for similar work.

called for the strengthening of the world's sense of social responsibility." To the Ends of the World and Back. By J. Walker McSpadden. Illustrated. A. J. B.

Will America Become Catholic. By John 8vo. 378 pp. $3.00. Crowell. New F. Moore. 8VQ. 252 pp. Harper and York. 1931. Bros. 1931. The "Ends of the Earth Club" is Naturally the aim of the Papacy is growing in numbers. Some qualify as to make America "Catholic." The explorers or scientists, as government church and its leaders would not be employees or missionarie&, but more true to their convictions otherwise. travelers today go to the ends of the Mr. Moore, who was for some years a earth on pleasure bound. Mr. McSpad- Y. M. C. A. secretary and who has den describes adventures met in scoutgiven much time to research on the ing for the American Museum of subject of Roman Catholicism in Natural History in New York. The America, here describes the plans, experiences are not the author's per- methods and outreach of the church sonal adventures but, while without in America. The program is as clear literary merit, are varied and many and definite and energetic as the Com- are thrilling. They are interviews munist propaganda-and much better with scientists who have gone out organized. This interesting and fact- hunting for the Dinosaur in Wyoming, ual study includes such topics as Cele- have followed the trail of primitive brate Clergy, Birth Control, Mixed man in Central Asia, have fished for Marriages, the Color Bar and the In- sharks in the Gulf of Mexico. They fluence of the Church. The author has include adventures with head hunters endeavored to be fair, unprejudicial in South America, hobnobbing with and true to facts. He is convinced that pygmies on the Congo; hunting with there is little danger of America be- gun and camera in Madagascar and coming Roman Catholic-the temper tracking strange beasts in Australia. of the people is too liberal, too enlight- The author is appa~ently interested ened, too independent to permit the only in animals and in the physical life great mass of Americans to become of man-not in his social, intellectual subjects to the Pope. and spiritual welfare.

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the Control of Opium-Smoking in the youth in a Believing World. Studies in Far East. Vol. II. 500 pp. $1.50. Living Religions. John C. Archer. 176 World Peace Foundation. Boston. pp. $1. Westminster Press. Phila- delphia. India. Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India, 1929-1930. 58. H. M. Sta- PERSONALS tionery Office. London. (Continued from Second Cover.) The SOClai Settlement as an Educational Factor in India. Clifford Manshardt. DR. JOHN MACNEILL, President of the Illus. 87 pp. Re. 1 and Re. 1.8. Ass{)- WorId Alliance, is making an extended ciation Press. Calcutta. tour in the interests of the Alliance. The Baptists in Burma. Randolph L. Howard. tour includes Japan, China, India and the 168 pp. $1. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Holy Land.

Mustapha Kemal of Turkey. H. E. Wor- *** tham. Portrait. Map. Bibliog. 216 pp. TIlE REV. GEORGE L. FORD, Executive 58. Holme Press. London. Secretary of Federated Churches in Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. Vol. Youngstown, 0., has been elected Presi- dent of the Association of Executive Sec- I. C. K. Meek. 582 pp. 258. Kegan retaries of Councils of Churches, State Paul. London. and Local: He also becomes a represent- Zanzibar. Its History and Its People. W. ative of the Association on the Admin- H. Ingrams. Illus. 527 pp. 258 With- istrative Committee of the Federal Counerby. London. cil.

DR. W. W. PETER, pioneer promotor of in British and Spanish Honduras, the lathealth campaigns in China under the Y. ter being especially arduous as it meant M. C. A., has returned to China, at the constant journeys to the bay islands of invitation of the public health section of the Caribbeans. He was a victim of the the Ministry of the Interior, to advise in recent hurricane in British Honduras. the setting up of permanent machinery for the carrying on of health campaigns. * .. ..

*** MISS JOSEPHINE MARTIN, a missionary of the United Presbyterian Church at PROF. C. H. ROBERTSON, also a former Pathankot, Punjab, India, died Septem- "Y" secretary, has recently been re- ber 10th, while on furlough in America. quested by Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of Industry, to join his staff. .. . .. Miss Martin was superintendent of a '" * • girls' high school at Pathankot for many years. DR. CARVER has been invited by Soviet Russia to organize a group of Negro MR. PAUL A. SORNBERGER, a missionary specialists, who have the theoretical and of the American Baptist Board, died repractical training in the production of cently. With Mrs. Sornberger, he was cotton, to visit Russia and demonstrate appointed to the Philippines in 1929, and the best method of agricultural produc- designated to the Central Philippine Coltion and exploitation. Though Dr. Car- lege at Iloilo, P. I., where he was teachver is a Negro, his fame as an agricul- ing Christianity by precept and example. turist is well known among the leaders of the Soviet states. By industry and ex- * .. .. ample he is teaching the young Negro to work, study, save and serve, and if for- THE REV. WM. B. BEAUCHAMP, D.D., tune comes, to take it with sobriety and Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal humility. The outcome of the Soviet's Church, South, died at Richmond, Virinvitation will be watched with interest. ginia, on June 28, 1931, at the age of sixty-two. He was president of the OBITUARY Board of Missions of his church and was a delegate to the World Missionary Con- BISHOP ISAIAH B. SCOTT, retired mis- ference in Edinburgh in 1910, and to sionary of the Methodist Episcopal the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. Church, died on July 6th in Nashville, Tenn. He was a leader among the col- *** ored members of the church and as pastor, professor, college president, editor of THE REV. WILLIAM MITCHELL PADEN, the Southwestern Chr1Btian Advocate and D.D., died in Salt Lake City, Utah, Qn bishop gave years of effective service. September 16th, after a brief illness. For He was elected to the episcopacy in 1904 thirty-four years Dr. Paden was identiand was assigned to Africa where he fied with work in the Mormon area and labored until his retirement in 1916. in recent years was considered the great- est Protestant authority on Mormonism. *** .. * * MR. GEORGE BRAITHWAITE, of Tokyo, Secretary of the Japan Book and Tract CHARLES GEORGE SPARHAM, a great Society, died on June 18th. He helped to missionary in China for forty-four years, produce the first copy of the Old Testa- who retired from his work there died in ment in Japanese in 1888, and subse- London in September. He was the sonquently helped in the production of the in-law of Dr. Griffith John of Hankow. Japanese New Testament in Roman He was called to leadership in the L. M. characters. His son, G. B. Braithwaite, S. and in his later years was secretary is acting secretary for the present. of the committee coordinating the whole of the L. M. S. operations in China. •** ** MRS. H. W. HARVEY, one of the victims of the hurricane in British Honduras, DR. JUDSON B. HILL, rounding out to went out to Central America with her a day 50 years of distinguished service husband for the Wesleyan Methodist Mis- as president of the Normal and Indussionary Society immediately after their trial college at Morristown, Tenn., died marriage in 1907. September 15th at Battle Creek, Mich. In 1881 Dr. Hill, as a young Methodist *** minister, became head of a pioneer mis- sion school for Negroes at Morristown, THE REV. A. E. SYLVESTER FOWLER, and found himself misunderstood and osworked during the past eleven years both tracized, as he began his work in a dilapi- dated building formerly used as a slave market. Those who fought him, however, ultimately lauded him.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1931

'MISSIONARY COMING

PERSONAL DR. LEWIS SEYMOUR MUDGE was elected Moderator at the recent meeting of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

DR. CARL S. PA'"TTO* N *was elected Mod- erator of the National Council of Congregational Churches at the annual meeting in Seattle.

DR. AND MRS. *F. I'". JO'" HNSON returned ~h008e early in July from their visit to the lIOU,. favo,.ite route a,,,l still ~~GO Orient. EMPRESS" DR. A. W. WILK*IE, '"well-known mis- Prefer the Honolulu Toute? Take the sionary of the West Coast of Africa, has new Empress of Japan, largest, fastest liner to been appointed Principal of Lovedale In- the Orient, or huge Empress of Canada. Constitute. For nearly twenty years Cal- nections with San Francisco and Los Angeles abar, made famous by Mary Slessor, was sailings. Quicker crossing? Take Empress of the scene of his labors, but since the War Russia or Empress of Asia, Direct Expre8. to he has had charge of the work on the Japan in 10 days. Both routes from Vancouver Gold Coast that was f(]rmerly carried on (trains direct to ship's side) and Victoria. by the Basel Mission. The great white Empress fleet offers the new ARCHBISHOP GR*EGO'"RIO'" AGLIPAY, of the "Empress" Tourist Cabin, spacious, comfortable ..• with true "Empress" cuisine ••• "of·the· Independent Filipino Church, is visiting Orient" service. Luxurious First Class, too. Also the United States in company with sev- a noted Third Cahin. eral prominent Filipinos. Independent travel.touring round-the-world BISHOP C. P. '"WA'"NG'"has been elected chairman of the National Council for China for two years. He succeeds Bishop Tsen, Protestant Episcopal.

FRED B. * ** moderat(]r of SMITH, recently the National Council of the Congrega- tional Churches of the United States still continues active in world peace promo- tion, education, citizenship and law-ob- servance movements. He was a "Y"

worker in two wars, returning in 1920 to become chairman of the executive com- mittee of the World Alliance for Inter- national Friendship, a movement that would use religion as the prime motive and force for gaining world peace. He is also the vigQrous national chairman of the Citizens' Committee of One Thousand for Law Observance and Enforcement.

MISS HELEN M* . *BRI'C" KMAN, Director and Orient conducted tours with Canadian Pacific veteran travel "know-how." of Indian Work in the Council of Women Information and rates, also reservations from for Home Missions, will serve as Acting your agent or Canadian Paci1ic: New York, Executive Secretary until her resigna- Chicago, Montreal and 32 other cities in U. S. tion takes place in the late fall to be- and Canada. come General Secretary of the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- formed Church in America.

•** CANADIAN PACIFIC ….. TO THE MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, president of the ORi£nr Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the United States, was elected presi- dent of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She succeeds Anna Adams Gordon, who was compelled by illness to relinquish the office after nine years' service, and who has since died.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TUlD WORLD in writioK to advertisers. REVIEW OF THE WORLD AugUst 18-23 – GENERAL CONFERENCE, SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCHES, DELAVAN L. Pn'RBoN, Editor Alfred, N. Y.

CONTENTS-August, 1931 August 22-29- UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL ON LIFE AND WORK, EXEC- Page UTIVE COMMITTEE, Cambridge, Eng- I1~RONTI8PIECE-MISSJONARIES AT LAKE· land.

V I L l.. E September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT I S T CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. 'l'HE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTAN'l'ISM …………….. . September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ••.•..•…••..•. . JUAN OR'l'S GONZALEZ 565 Denver, Colo.

NEW LIBERTY IN NEW SPAIN …… . September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- ••••••••••••••••••. WAYNE H. BOWEHS 570 SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMER- ICA, New York, N. Y. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHI· NA IN 1931 …………. C. Y. CHENG 573 September 28-30-INTERPENOMINATION- AL MISSIONARY INS'J'ITUTE, conducted FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES by the Philadelphia Federation of A'!' LAKEVILLE ………. THE EDITOR 579 Churches and the Women's Interde- n{)minational Union of Philadelphia SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK? and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. ………………. PAUL W. HARRISO~ 587 October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST …. TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wich- ………… M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 593 ita, Kan.

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR" OF November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINA- JAPAN ……………. MAYME MOORE 591 TIONAL MEETING OF MEN 'J'O COM- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH AN- "DO YOU LOVE' YOURSELF" …….. . NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. ••••••••.•••.•.. WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS 5U9 Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York. SIAM, 'l'HE SURPRISING KINGDOM … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 601 OBITUARIES A CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIER ….. . THE REV. DR. JOHN AIlNER MARQUIS, D.D., former moderator of the General ……………….••…. THE EDITOR 603 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, also formerly president of Coe College, TH~J PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN CHRTS· Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and for seven years TIANS ……………… "………. 608 Executive Secretary of the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian MOTION PICTURI~S AND FOREIGN MIS· Church, died at the Presbyterian Hos- SIONS ……….. JAMES '1'OOKER FORD 611 pital, New York, on July 5th.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ………. . Dr. Marquis suffered a stroke of par- . . . . . . . .EDITED BY MRS. F. l. JOHNSON 613 alysis two years ago and retired in 1930 as secretary of the Board of National WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL· Missions. LETIN ………………………. 615 Dr. Marquis was born in Dinsmore, WORLD·WIDE OU'l'LOOK …………. 621 Pa., Dec. 27, 1861, a son of James T. and BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 637 Mary C. Bucher Marquis. He was grad- uated from Washington and Jefferson TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of College, which gave him the honorary five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, degree of LL.D. in 1910. He was grad- 25 cents. published monthly. Copyrighted, uated from Western Theol{)gical Semi- 1931, by :aIrs-srONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- nary and in 1891 he became associate PANY, INC. All rights reserved. pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Greensburg, Pa. In 1919 Dr. Mar- 1'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING quis made a missi{)nary journey to Alas- COMPANY, INC. ka as General Secretary of the Presby- terian Board of Home Missions, in which ROBIlRT E. SPEER.J President position he served from 1917 until 1923. VILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vicc-Prcs'ident He became Executive Secretary of the Board of National Missions at its forma- DBLAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary tion in 1923. Dr. Marquis was greatly WALTER McDouGALr., Treasurer loved and honored in his ability and Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Christian character. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, (Concluded on Third Cover.) New York City Entered as seeond·elass matter at the P08t Oftlce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. I _• KOREA LET YOUR GIFT LAND of the DAWN to Foreign Missions By Dr. James Dale Van Buskirk PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME SeveTance &~ft::M~ti~;::~~Seoul. Kurea You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- A new day has come to Korea,and Christians must sions and have a needed income for yourself develop not only the country itself but the character and others from the money you give by the of the people.

Annuity Gift Plan This able author explains present conditions and shows the Christian task in relation to the whole sit- This plan relieves you of uncertainty and uation in Korea today. To help accomplish his end, worry caused by changing values of invested the author gives us fascinating sidelights on old funds and assures you a fixed income of Korea •. Rnd on the customs and life of the people today. A splendid book for general information and 4t% to 9% per year also as a study book for groups.

for the rest of your life 51.00 A reserve fund of over $1.500,000 guarantees Missionary Education the prompt payment of annuities to you. Movement Protect yourself against loss through (Friendship Press) unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. 150 Fifth Ave.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rev. William I. Chamberlain. D.D., President Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Vice Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice President Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William' B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Rec. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. Robert 'W. Searle Dr. James Cantine. Cor. Sec. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

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FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE ON POLICIES AND METHODS, LAKEVILLE, CONN. JUNE 20 TO

LIV, No.8 August

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM BY DR. JUAN ORTS GONZALEZ, New York Editor oj uLa Nueva DcmoVYacia."

T HE editors of some New Church, is more responsible for this York dailies have taken this mob uprising than anything else. It new Spanish republic as a undoubtedly provoked the whole situakind of joke, similar to the first re- tion. public of 1873-74 which lasted a little more than a year and in that "We are not against the churches short time had four presidents and or the priests," said a sober Spansix cabinets. Some of the leading ish workingman. "We respect the facts which led to the establish- places of worship. But Cardinal ment of this second republic may Segura must be shown that he can- not interfere in politics. He must be of interest. keep his hands off the Republic." The republic of 1873-74 was es- Notwithstanding the fact that tablished by a few politicians but more than forty convents, monashad no root in the people of Spain. teries and churches were burned, This second republic has come to no friars, nuns or priests were life by a plebiscite representing all killed and only one or two of them regions, in an orderly and peaceful were slightly hurt by the crowd. election. More than ninety per In a similar uprising in 1834, more cent of the qualified voters went to than two hundred friars were killed the poles and, even in the district in Madrid alone. where the Royal Palace is located and in Toledo, where the ecclesias- Effects on Religious Liberty tics have such great influence, two- It is very improbable that the thirds voted for the Republic. present Spanish Republic will turn communistic. In the plebiscite the As to the recent mob uprising in two communist candidates in Mawhich many churches, convents drid received twelve votes each and and monasteries were burned, in Barcelona only a few hundreds. Senor de Madariaga says: The circular of the Segura, the The common classes of Spain are Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of very conservative, and because the Spain, in which he addressed the Cath- majority of workingmen have some olics of Spain and urged their support property, either a little house or a of candidates for public office who small piece of land, they abhor coro- would look out for the interests of the munism.

565

This new Spanish Republic of- an agreement between the nation fers to the Spanish Peninsula re- and Roma. At the same time he ligious freedom, separation of said that he expected the clergy to Church and State and full repre- bear in mind that Spain is no long- sentative government. The plebi- er a monarchy but a republic, and scite which established the Republic that they should behave as in other was made up of republicans and republican countries. The last en- socialists, both committed to the cyclical of the Pope condemning policies mentioned above. The first socialism, together with his in- decree of the provisional govern- structions to the Nuncio demand- ment with regard to religious free- ing indemnity for the church build- dom reads: ings burned, if insisted upon, will The provisional government makes compel the Republic to break rela- public its decision to respect most fully tions with Rome and to repeal the the individual conscience through free- Concordat.

dom of belief and worship, forbidding Senor Fernando de los Rios also the State on any occasion to ask of any gave to religious tolerance an irtcitizen to declare his religious convic- terpretation so wide as to mean altions. most complete religious freedom, The right-hand, and probably the the policy advocated by Prime Min- head of the present Republic, the ister Canalejas before he was as- Secretary of Justice (El Ministro sassinated. The true significance de Gracia y Justicia), Senor Fern- of this new interpretation can be ando de los Rios, in his latest books grasped only when one takes into El Sentido Humanista del Social- account the fact that until now re- ismo (The Humanistic Aspect of ligious tolerance has meant to the Socialism) and Religion y Estado Roman Catholic Church and the en la Espaiia del Siglo XVI (Re- conservative monarchists t hat ligion and the State in Spain in the Protestants could have no sign Sixteenth Century), outlines the whatsoever outside their churches same policies for Spain and dep- or chapels to indicate that there reciates the union of Church and was a Protestant center; no bells State and the endorsement of the to ring, not even a door opening on decrees of the Council of Trent as the public street. In the last years laws binding to Spain and Spanish of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, colonies. He has been very fair in even the Protestant house meetings his appreciation of the Reforma- were suppressed in many towns be- tion and its implications as well as cause the mayors and governors of the implications of the Counter- considered such acts as public.

Reformation. Senor Fernando de los Rios took The plebiscite binds the Republic a further step. He secularized pub- to await the formation of Congress, lic cemeteries and burial places. It the only legislative and legal body has been very humiliating for Prot- capable of applying such policies in estants not to be able to bury their full. For that reason, Senor de dead in the public cemeteries, hav- los Rios, in his first interview with ing to use small adjoining places the Papal Nuncio in Madrid, de- where beasts and unbelievers were clared that the Republic would buried.

maintain the Concordat of 1851 When the Secretary of Justice until Congress decides otherwise as learned that the Roman Catholic

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM

Primate of Spain criticized the Re- ther and expel such religious orpublic from the pulpit, he sent word ders as are illegally established in to the Nuncio (the Spanish title of Spain. Until they were closed there the Ambassador of the Pope in Ma- were in Spain about five thousand drid) that either the Pope should convents and monasteries for friars and nuns. The friars and nuns have now left Spain or are living with their relatives or friends. It is the general opinion that those monas- teries and convents will not be opened before Congress meets, and that then they may be closed for- ever.

The Concordat, which is the only legal basis for admitting such or- ders, specifies that only three dif- ferent religious orders could be al- lowed legal existence in Spain and in some exceptional cases a fourth. Today there are more than one hundred and fifty different Roman Catholic religious orders in Spain.

A PROTESTANT CHURCH AND SCHOOL IN SPAIN punish the Primate or the govern- A CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL IN SPAIN ment would be compelled to discipline him. Several liberal governments have tried to reduce the religious orders The Secretary of Education has to three, but the Vatican has aldeclared that religious education ways protested and the ex-King shall not be compulsory in any gov- sided with the Vatican. ernment school, but it shall be given in primary schools when requested by parents. Until now the reverse has been the rule; religious education was compulsory, unless parents had their children excused. The Secretary of the Interior has ordered that no official of the government as such shall attend any religious service. The Secretary of VVar has stated that the soldiers are not compelled to attend Sunday mass, and that those who do attend shall go without arms.

Before Congress meets, the Republic will probably go even fur-

The most hated religious order is :Bearing on Latin America that of the Jesuits. The burning in But the greatest influence of the Madrid started by setting on fire new Republic will be in Latin the three Jesuit centers, the crowds America. So far all the great camthat set them on fire passing by paigns of the Roman Catholic Church to check Protestantism in many other convents and monas- Latin America and to present Protteries without attempting any estantism as something antithetic harm. It is reported by reliable to and destructive of the religion press correspondents that the Republic is considering the suppres- and culture of the Spanish-speaksion of the Jesuit Society in Spain ing countries, have been conducted and exiling its members. In the with the support of the five or six three religious orders named in the millions of Spaniards who are liv- Concordat, the Jesuits are not men- ing today in Latin America, and tioned. Their legal position can be established only as one of the cases who are aided by a few lecturers of that fourth exception. and writers from Spain.

In the national elections on June When the first Protestant Con- 28th, the conservative republicans gress on Christian Work in Latin and socialists obtained an over- America met in Panama in 1916, it was the Jesuit Spanish maga- zine, Razon y Fe, which pointed out whelming majority; only half a to Catholics the danger and peril dozen monarchists were elected, no (as they say) of Protestant propa- communist having thus far been ganda. When, afterwards, Protes- named. tant forces met in Montevideo in The Effect on the Protestants 1924, it was a group of Spaniards that published a big volume, Vio- The immediate effect on the Prot- lando la Clausum, to discredit the estant Church of Spain will be Protestant work. A prominent a greater publicity and a new life. Spanish Jesuit lecturer was also Emblems of Protestantism can now sent around to give lectures about be put on places of worship, with the Roman Catholic Church as op- permission of the government; posed to Protestant Christianity.

public manifestations and acts of Between the Protestant Congress- es in Panama and Montevideo, a worship can also take place. Spanish delegation, headed by a Spanish cardinal, Benlloch, visited Almost all the members of the several Spanish republics to warn Protestant churches are republic- them against Protestantism and to ans or socialists and Spanish social- coordinate the Catholic forces ism is more conservative than the against Protestant propaganda. Labor Party of England. Many leading socialists today, who oc- When Protestants gathered in cupy high positions in the present Havana in 1929, it was Spaniards government, have been for a long who, through La Revista Cat6lica time sympathizers with Protes- (published by Spanish Jesuits in tantism. It is not necessary to be a North America), Razon y Fe (pubprophet or the son of a prophet to lished by Jesuits in Madrid) and foresee that Spanish Protestant- through special lecturers, made ism will now receive fresh impetus great efforts to check the Protesand new life. tant influence and work.

The influence of the Republic in where, in the last analysis, something Spain, committed to religious free- external? Is not all substance, in the dom and separation of Church and last analysis, eternally the same? It is, State, will cause Spaniards in Latin above all, as a model of essential sub- America as well as in Spain to re- stance that Spain means something to act in favor of religious freedom. a Europe which takes such delight in change. In any case, it is only as sub- There have been only a few na- stance becomes reality that Spain has tional leaders in Latin America a European future of a new kind. who have sympathized with Prot- Not for nothing did the new rise of estantism, but now many Span- Spain-for she is incontrovertibly on iards will join them in their sym- the rise again-begin with the close of pathy. the age of progress. Thus may she, as essence, forever remain what she has World-Wide Significance always been.

We hope for even greater things. Later in his lectures in Latin We believe that in God's providence America, Madrid, Paris and Berlin, the hour is coming when, in the he stated that the era of machinery great crisis which the Christian is coming to an end; and that a Church is facing, the Spanish- and new era is looming in which the Portuguese-speaking countries, of Iberian people (men of Spain, Porboth Europe and Latin America, tugal, Brazil and other Spanishwill help to' give a fresh interpreta- speaking countries) will be the tion to Christianity. leaders, and personality and indi- viduality will take the place of ma- The real issue today is between chinery and standardization. the destruction of personality and individuality by such forces as I have not been surprised to read Bolshevism, communism, material- in the April issue of The World ism, industrialism, commercialism, Evangelization, the following: and standardization of life, on the one hand, and, on the other, the Count Keyserling, the eminent phipreservation of personality, indi- losopher and writer, recently said, "I viduality and religion which always prophesy that an Iberian period will have been the great ideals of the follow the North American one which Iberian peoples. we are witnessing. All that is most important for the future of humanity When Keyserling wrote his book is to be expected from Spaqish Amer- "Europe," he said of Spain: ica, which is ripening, and from Spain which is arising. Such a cultural cycle It has always been the same Span- is endowed with all the qualities necesiard: the Spaniard who, in primeval sary to supplement or overpower the times, created the glorious rock monu- onesidedness of North America, leanments; who, as Roman emperor, more ing, as she does, towards the mechanthan once ruled the world; who con- ical and technical without taking into quered the New World; who painted account the true meaning of human the great portraits; who fought for existence." If there is a grain of truth the faith; and who once more today, in these words of the distinguished through the lips of Miguel de Una- author of "Europe and America Set muno, proclaims with magnificent bias Free," they surely lay upon Evanthe gospel of tragedy and of agony. gelical Christians of this generation And when we bear in mind that very who appreciate their responsibilities few peoples have pa,ssed through so towards Christ and towards their felmany racial changes as those of the lowmen, obligations which cannot Iberian peninsula, we are compelled to lightly be discharged. ask ourselves: Is not change every-

LIBERTY IN NEW

BY WAYNE H. BOWERS, Woodstock, Va.

T HE following decree on reli- Article 2. No one, whatever may be gion has been promulgated by his connection with the State, is Alcala Zamora, president of obliged to take part in religious festi- the Spanish Republic, with the con- vals, ceremonies, practices and ob- sent of the cabinet, and on the pro- servances. posal of Fernando de los Rios, Min- Article 3. All confessions are auister of "Justice," the department thorized to maintain their services, to which religious matters belong. both in private and in public, without A preamble refers to the alliance aanrey iomthpeorselidmbityattihoensruthleasn athnodsethwe hliacwh of the monarchy and Roman Ca- of public order.

tholicism, which in former years has reduced attempts to better the Nobody familiar with conditions in catholic countries during past condition of dissenting faiths to the years win fail to note the overobtaining of "mere tolerance." The preamble disclaims any desire on whelming importance of these simthe part of the new government to ple articles. They will remove anwound the religious sensibilities of noyances and difficulties for those followers of Roman Catholicism, seeking "civil" marriage whether but asserts its desire to make all or not there is to be an evangelical confessions equal before the law. service afterwards. They will pro- It refers to the fact that religious tect evangelical recruits in the liberty is a fundamental article of army from annoyances. They will the Society of Nations; that it is protect both privates and officers in safeguarded in the constitutions of the army and navy who may not prevailingly Catholic countries, desire to attend the open-air such as Ireland, Poland and Bohe- masses which have heretofore been mia; that even Spain has hitherto obligatory. They will tend to immaintained, in Morocco, a regime prove conditions in the public of complete religious liberty far su- schools for children of evangelical perior to that which has existed families, who have been discrimiwithin Spain herself; and that Ro- nated against ever since a public man Catholicism always claims lib- school system has been in existerty for herself in lands where she ence. They will permit advertising does not enjoy a position of su- of evangelical schools, services and places of worship, both in the press premacy. Mter this preamble, in dignified and by means of placards or other and beautiful Spanish, come the permanent announcements on the outer walls of churches, schools and following articles: other centers of Protestant activ- Article 1. No one, in any act of ity. service, or because of any relation with the State, is obliged to declare his reli- Above all, this decree marks the gion. Therefore both civil and mili- disappearance of the unendurable situation in which evangelical work ~ary.officials will abstain from making mqUlry regarding the religious beliefs has found itself, due to the clause winhicthhereCadosn:sti"tNutoiopnu, blAicrtmicanleife1s1~ of whoever may appear before them or may be subordinate to them.

570 tation of dissenting faiths will be clared members, would at once be allowed." That clause left it to the freed from the stigma of "heresy" personal judgment of officials, who which has weighed so heavily might be and almost always were against it for centuries, and would hostile, to determine what sort of a surely make considerable gains in thing was "public." For instance, the near future. a meeting held in a private home, attended by a small number of peo- As indicating the extent of the ple, but whose singing was audible abuses. which have grown up under to persons passing along the side- the old system of an official church, walk in front of the house, was held mention might be made of a custom to be a "public" manifestation of a whereby certain images of the Virdissenting religion, and heavy fines gin Mary, notably one called the were imposed by a hostile magis- "Pilarica" in the City of Zaragoza, trate under the control of the have been granted the rank of capclergy. All such danger is now re- tain-general in the Spanish army, moved. The way is opened also for together with the salary attached mass meetings in large rented halls to such an office, which salary has or theaters, and for open sale of been regularly paid out of the na- Bibles and other evangelical litera- tional treasury to the cathedral in ture, with abundant advertising which the image is kept. and without vexatious interfer- Alcala Zamora, the president, is ence. a sincere Catholic. He is, of course, It is confidently hoped that, as not a "regular" one, since to be Catholic and to be liberal at the soon as the new Congress is elected same time is a contradiction in and meets, complete separation of terms. He has been severely critichurch and State will be voted. cized for his leniency in dealing There will be sustained opposition with Cardenal Segura, Archbishop to this, but probably not sufficient of Toledo and ranking prelate in to prevent it. Spain, in merely banishing him from Spain for a sermon preached The direct and indirect results of in the cathedral, in which he openly such a separation are too numerous cursed the Republic, instead of jailto be discussed in this short article. ing him and prosecuting him for It might be indicated, however, disturbing the peace, as was done that in the first place, and in the to several generals recently. opinion of a number of her own leaders, the Roman Catholic Many conflicting statements have Church would gain in spirituality; been made with regard to the burnfrom really having to pay her ing of convents and churches a few priests out of her own pockets in- weeks after the establishment of stead of from the national treas- the republic. Photographs pubury; from being practically com- lished in Spanish papers indicate pelled to turn her attention from clearly that no violence was offered politics to religion; and from los- to inmates of the convents. On the ing a large number of adherents contrary, they were cared for, espewhose loyalty has been forced and cially the aged nuns, by crowds in unwilling. In addition to that re- the surrounding streets. There are sult evangelical Christianity, which some indications that the buildings even now has thousands of hidden were fired from within. sympathizers in addition to its de- Rev. Elias B. Marques, pastor of

a Protestant church at Santander, Interesting sidelights on the presunder the American Board, him- ent situation are these. The new self the son of a former pastor, a mayor of the City. of Zaragoza man who has recently turned down (150,000 inhabitants) is a former a flattering offer made him by lib- pupil of the Protestant day-school eral elements in that city to nomi- in that city and a friend and well nate and elect him a member of the wisher of evangelicals. The new mayor of San Sebastian (60,000) city council, writes as follows: is a republican lawyer who has on several occasions pleaded the cause It seems to be established that the of evangelicals in that strongly burning of the convents on May 11th was due to a maneuver of the mon- Jesuit city. The Secretary of the archists, in which the religious orders Treasury in the new cabinet, Inthemselves were complicated. It is dalecio Prieto, is a former pupil of possible that there is much truth in the evangelical schools in Bilbao (200,000), a close friend of a forthat, since many indications tend to mer pastor there, and for many corroborate the supposition. But it is years editor of the only really libalsQ undeniable that in the midst of it eral paper in that important indusall there was a sort of public feeling, trial city. As such he has written which the people wished to make very many articles and published many clear to the authorities, to the effect others written by evangelicals, inthat they were governing too gently. cluding the writer of this sketch, . . . I believe that the burning of the defending the rights and explainconvents and cathedrals marked an ele- ing the ideas of Protestants. This ment of deep discontent on the part of sort of thing, the occupying of imthe people with the tolerance and gen- portant positions by friends of tleness of the new government. Also it Protestantism, is going on all over should not be forgotten that there is the country. in the immense majority of the Spanish people an ardent desire, and a very It is to be hoped that, with greatold desire, that the religious orders ly increased facilities for popular (convents) should disappear, with the education under the new Spanish sole exception of such orders as are public school system, with greater "concordated." That is what the peo- contact with the outer world on the ple were expecting. And when they part of many intelligent Spaniards, saw that time was passing and nothing with the examples of Germany, was being done along that line, they Turkey and even China in republifelt defrauded in their hopes. Add to can achievements, with the abuses that the fact that the clericals became of the recent military dictatorship bolder and several bishops began to still fresh in the popular mind, speak openly against the republic and with a great majority supporting its "dangers," and that the government merely requested them to leave the Republic and with men of far Spain whereas the people would have greater ability and experience conpreferred that those bishops had been ducting it, the new regime may indicted and jailed, just as were sev- wisely and courageously maintain eral generals and politicians involved itself and give to the noble Spanish in the abuses of the former monarchy. nation a liberal government and The real "battle-horse" (point in bit- above all an atmosphere of genuine terest dispute) is the interests of the religious freedom which they have Roman Catholic Church. The people so long lacked. desire to see it separated from the State and very much limited in its political functions.

DR.' 'l' OYOHIKO KAGAWA AND DR. CHENG CHIN(l-YI TN

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931 * BY DR. C. Y. CHENG, Shanghai, China General Becr eta.ry oj the NuHmwl O'hrJ8tian Oouncil in Chi na- and- Moaf7ra·tor oJ the Church 0/ Ghrist in China A SPIRITUAL tug of war has awakening: to fall asleep again been and is still going on in or to become fully awake and alive China, as in the whole world, to all that is going on around.

between the Christian and the anti- Which is a truer picture of the Christian forces. Such a tug of Christian Church in China? Upon war has always been raging, but the answer to this question, one the present seems to have been can fairly determine the future of more severe and acute. The peace the Christian Church in China.

of the Church has been badly dis- Causes of Unrest. – Many eleturbed. It is not always a bad ments are responsible for this unthing to have one's peace dis- rest, elements both from within turbed. It often is a positive bless- and from without the Christian ing when one has been aroused Church. The Nationalistic Movefrom slumber. When a church is ment, the outcry against the sowell contented with itself, when called Unequal Treaties, the intelthere are signs of self-complacency, lectual and social awakening, the it is a blessing for the church to be restrictions imposed by the Govdisturbed and aroused. There are ernment upon Christian education, two possible results of such an are matters that have greatly dis- • Presr.nted at the BIennial Meeti ng of tb e turbed the peace of the Christian Natioll ll l ' Christian Council, Hnngchow, April 10·18, 193 1. Church. Within the Church itself, 573

there has been developed a critical China is emerging out of chaos, but attitude regarding many of the this new China does not seem to prom- ise much bright future to the propaga- Church's practices and traditions, tion of the Christian faith. On the especially by the younger elements contrary, Christianity is facing opof the Christian community. The position everywhere. The dream of a findings of the enlarged meeting "Christian Occupation of China" seems of the International Missionary to be fast vanishing, probably forever. Council held in Jerusalem in 1928, We must not forget that Chinese phifindings on the Christian Message, losophy began 2,500 year-s ago, with a on religious education and a num- Laotze who taught a naturalistic con- ber of other important subjects ception of the universe, and a Con- that have far-reaching significance fucius who was frankly an agnostic.

and effect; the launching of the This rationalistic and humanistic tra- Five Year Movement by the dition has always played the part of a churches throughout the country, liberator of a superstitious or fanatic which seeks for the deepening of religion. This cultural background of the spiritual life and the intensify- indigenous China is now revived with ing of the evangelistic spirit of all a new reinforcement of the methods who name the name of Jesus and conclusions of modern science and Christ; lately the Laymen's In- becomes a truly formidable safeguard of the intellectual class against the im- quiry which has sent experts as a position of any religious system whose Fact-Finding Commission to criti- fundamental dogmas, despite efforts cally and scientifically investigate of its apologist, do not always stand the work of missions in China with the test of reason and science; and a view to evaluate the worth of after all, Christianity itself is fighting modern mission methods; these its last battle even in the so-called and others have certainly been ele- Christendoms. People will realize that ments that have something to do young China was not far wrong in with the awakening of the Chris- offering some opposition to a religion tian Church. which in its glorious days fought re- ligious wars and persecuted science Christianity Challenged. – The and which, in the broad daylight of the opposing forces against Christian- twentieth century, prayed for the vic- ity in China have never been so tory 'Of the belligerent nations in the bold and positive in their denunci- World War, and is still persecuting the ations and criticisms. They make teaching of science in certain quarters no secret of what they think of of Christendom.

Christianity. They openly assert The spiritual tug of war will go that the Christian religion has no on without ceasing. Those opposed future in China. Let us reiterate to Jesus Christ have a right to their the words of the one who was opinion, though we do not accept largely responsible for the New their assertions. Our question is Thought Movement in China re- not what they but what we think, garding the future of Christianity say or believe about the future of in China. the Christian religion. If both our Many of the Protestant missionaries faith and experience make us abworked hard to awaken China and solutely convinced that in the end bring about a modern nation. China victory will be on the side of is now awakened and determined to Christ, we have to uphold that modernize itself. There is not the faith by sacrificial effort in His slightest doubt that a new and modern

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931

great work of salvation for the good effects. Notable mention may whole of mankind. be made of the famine relief work done by Christian people in China A Turning Point.-The past few years in the life of the Christian and abroad for the suffering mil- Movement in China have been lions in the northwest of China, eventful. For a time there was a specially Kansu, Shensi and Suispiritual depression that was felt yuan. far and wide. Many were uncertain of the future, and were dis- The visits of Dr. Kagawa, of heartened in the work; some have Japan, were an indication of the given up their Christian work, Church's interests in social welothers even renounced Christian- fare. This modern Christian saint ity. The Church was overwhelmed of the Orient visited Hangchow, by the onrush of opposition from Shanghai, Soochow, Tsinan and many quarters and representing Weihsien, where he met with great many interests. The anti-Christian crowds of both missionaries and Movement, the Communistic men- native workers who listened to his ace, the Nationalistic agitation, words. In this man of God one the New Thought Movement, the sees the happy combination of perstrained international relations, all have something to 9,0 with it. sonal religion and social passion. However, the spirit of dismay and It was certainly inspiring when he bewilderment has passed. Since then a changed attitude from in- declared the great truth that the ertia to activity has come over the Cross of Christ is the essence of Christian Church throughout the Christianity, the expression of country. The following points may God's love. Many left his meetings be regarded as signs of life in the more determined to work for the Christian Church during the past poor and needy.

two years. The N. C. C. Committee on Eco- Christian Nurture.-Evangelism nomic Relations has recently held an interesting conference to conand religious education have received much attention of Christian sider practical measures for helppeople throughout the land. There ing the economic conditions of the is an increased recognition of the Chinese people. Delegates came inseparableness of the two. Both from many cities to participate in native talents and special workers this gathering and went away from abroad have helped much in keener than before for the uplift direct evangelism. It would be im- of the common people. There are possible to enumerate these efforts. Suffice it to say effective work has a number of Christian or semibeen done in many churches for Christian organizations who are which we give thanks to God….. devoting their time and energy in facing some of the more urgent Social Consciousness.-It is grat- social problems, such as the Womifying to note that the Church en's Christian Temperance Union, has been kept busy during the past the Child Welfare Association, the two years in practical projects for National Anti-Opium Association the unfortunate and the suffering people. Many forms of applied re- and the Mass Education Movement are some of the representative orligion have been attempted with ganizations whose good work has aroused a good deal of public sym- pathy and admiration.

The Hope for the Future. – It

has been generally realized that a ception of the Chi~ese people bases big gap exists between the Church their national life upon the family.

and youth. Some would even say Unfortunately, to no small extent that there is a strong antagonism among Christians, the central po- between the two. While to a cer- sition has been shifted from the tain extent this is still true, one home to the Church. While no one is happy to note that a spirit of wishes to minimize the importance cooperation between Church and of the great Christian fellowship youth is gradually gaining ground. that we call the Church, it is still We are very happy for this new lamentable to weaken the position attitude which, if developed, will of the home. It is high time to enrich the life and work of both recover this great loss and realize parties in no small way. again that it is the home for the A group of Christian and gov- training of religious life of the ernment students recently signified young rather than either the their definite desire to cooperate Church or the school, however with the Christian Church in some great may be the services of these practical and definite projects. two important institutions.

Plans are being made for a joint In recent years there seems to summer conference in North China have awakened a new consciousness which will be the beginning of among the people of the impor- even greater cooperation in the tance of the home, and much days to come. thought and attention have been Provisions are being made for given to efforts for the Christiani- representative students and stu- zation of the home life of China.

dent leaders to have a definite The observance of a special Home share in the work of the Christian Week among Christian people, the Church so as to form a practical holding of a Leaders' Conference beginning which may later be to consider problems affecting the widened and enlarged until the home, the preparation and distri- youth finds his rightful place in the bution of literature in various affairs of the Christian Movement forms relating to problems of the in China. In like manner, some home have been universally re- church bodies have taken similar ceived with delight and enthusi- steps to usher in the practical coop- asm. In not a few of the Christian eration of the young men and periodicals special space has been women to take part in the impor- given to matters relating to the tant decisions in the Christian home. That in this endeavor we Movement. The decisions of the are touching one of the main Church of Christ in China in such springs of the life of China, is a matters may be taken as an illus- fact that can hardly be doubted.

tration of this new spirit and at- "Go to the People." – It is a titude for a definite cooperation healthy sign in recent years that between Church and youth. people both within the Christian The Backbone of China.-Prob- Church and those outside it are ably no people in the world lay paying a good deal of attention to greater stress on the central place fighting against illiteracy in this of the home than the Chinese. The country. It is not too much to say family is the backbone of the na- that this formidable enemy of tional life of China. The old con- China is blocking the way of prog-

ress in the development of both the Church is determined to fight this nation and the Church. It is not evil to a successful issue.

one day too soon that the Christian This great problem is in many Church is beginning to get serious ways in touch with the larger prob- about this matter. lem of the rural life in China. The Happily both the Mass Educa- popular outcry in China today is tion Movement at Tinghsien and to "go to the people," and the peothe successful experiment of the ple are to be found in the country American Board Mission at Paot- as the bulk of China's population live in villages and small towns. ing have greatly helped the Chris- To tackle the rural problem is tian Church as a whole in inspira- certainly an important point of tion and methods of handling this strategy, whether it is considered gigantic problem. The National from the point of view of the na- Christian Council was happy in tion or of the Church. having secured the services of the Rev. H. W. Hubbard for this par- The Greatest Book in the World. ticular line of work in connection -It is not far wrong to say that with the Five Year Movement. more literature has been published The institute held at Tinghsien last in China in recent years against spring has ,encouraged a number the Christian religion than in all the past years since Protestant of church workers to take definite steps in seeking for the elimination Christianity first touched China's of illiteracy from their churches and neighborhood. The Baptist soil. There has never been such Church in Shantung has appointed five secretaries for this purpose an intelligent and determined atwho are in charge of some 150 classes in Shantung. Excellent ef- tack upon the Christian position. fects have followed. If the Christian Church is really in earnest Yet it is equally true that the cirabout this matter, it is not impossible to have illiteracy greatly re- culation of the Christian Bible in duced, if not totally removed, within a few years, at least from the China in recent years has also been Christian Church in China. This means that the Bible will become singularly successful. The report an open Book to every person who has sworn his or her allegiance to of the circulation of the Bible by Jesus Christ. Think of the blessings and possibilities of a Bible- the three Bible Societies in China reading Church for China! It is yet, h:nvever, too early to predict for the last two years clearly how successful this attempt will be, for it largely depends upon the showed the fact that the Word of question whether or not we really mean business. We are thankful God is being more widely read in China today than ever before. Ac- cording to the figures given by these societies, close to 26,000,000 copies of the Bible, or portions of it, have been circulated which showed a more remarkable increase than all the preceding years. Moreover, the Chinese version of the Bible has been more appreciated by non- Christian scholars in this country than in former years. Such well- known scholars aosthCehrsowhaTvzeo-jreen~ Hu Shih, and for the measure of success that has marked that the translation of the already been attained. But there Bible is an excellent piece of work.

is much work ahead still, if the This is not noticeable as in contrast 2

with the attitude taken by scholars What is the Christian message for in the past who had no good word China today and how is that message to say about the Bible. It was a to be presented? book beneath their dignity to read. No truer words have ever been What are the reasons for the scarsaid by General Chang Chih-chiang city of intelligent and educated young than those words printed in large men for the Christian ministry and gold letters on the covers of the leader,ship and how are we to secure, specially bound Bibles the general train, utilize and keep such leaders for ordered from the American Bible Christian services? Society for his Christian and non- Christian friends, "This is the When and by what methods will the greatest Book in the world!" ministry of the printed page have its rightful place in the program of the Unsolved Problems. – These are Christian enterprise in this country? some of the encouraging signs in the Christian Movement in China What do we understand is religious during the past two years. They liberty and how is it to be attained and indicate that the Church is develop- safeguarded?

ing along healthier lines. Allowing What is our duty in international refuller growth and development, lations between China and the nations they will mean untold possibilities of the West, especially of the Orient? for the future. It must, however, be recognized that we are still at How far do Christian people in the beginning of things. A great China understand and practice the deal more of sacrificial work and meaning of stewardship and what are wholehearted devotion are neces- the practical methods in realizing selfsary before we may expect fruitful support? results. However, we are thankful for these beginnings and pray that How may we avoid the unhealthy the Spirit of God will direct and in- attitude of intolerance and what place spire us to aim at nothing less than does tolerance hold in the life of Christhe best. Let the proverb, "The tians. good is the enemy of the best," be the slogan on the lips of each Chris- How far are we committed to the tian in China. There is no reason Church-centric ideal and are we honfor an unhealthy contentment and estly applying it in actual practice? satisfaction. Not only are we far from the goal that is before us, but Do we realize our supreme need is a we still have in our midst a number spiritual one and that the Christian of problems that are almost un- Church has no future in China unless touched, each one of which involves our lips are touched by the life-coal great possibilities either for good from the altar of God and the dry or evil. We can only make mention bones are vitalized by the breath of of them in the hope that more time, God's spirit? thought, energy and prayer may be given to them at the earliest pos- These and other problems are sible moment. staring right into our eyes, await- ing a definite answer. Looking at Let the following questions be the situation of the Christian reasked: ligion in China today, we cannot fail to realize the greatness of the task and our inability to undertake it. We seem to hear again the word of the Psalmist, "Who is sufficient for these things?" But there is also the reassuring word of our Lord, "With God all things are possible." Let us march forward in the strength of Him who is "the same yesterday, today, and for ever!"

NEW MISSIONARY

A Study of the Need for Revising Presbyterian Foreign Mission Policies and Methods at the Lakeville Missionary Conference BY THE EDITOR SAFE and sane, rather than rad- the new secretary and chairman ical and revolutionary, are the of the Committee on Arrangewords that characterize the ments; Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, Presbyterian Missionary Confer- president of Princeton Theological ence held at Lakeville, June 20-30, Seminary and a member of the 1931. It was a study of Foreign Board, and Dr. Lewis R. Mudge, Missions, policies and progress, the present moderator of the As- somewhat similar to the annual sembly.

Williamstown Conference on Inter- Eight delegates came from the national Policies. Eleven years ago "younger churches" on the mission a "Post-War Missionary Confer- fields. This was an advance over ence" was held in Princeton, New the Princeton Conference, eleven Jersey, and some important poli- years ago, when there were none cies were adopted as to the gov- present. Dr. Cheng Ching-Yi, mod- ernment of missions, the field erator of the Church of Christ in administration, woman's place in China and secretary of the China missions, salaries and furloughs, Christian Council and Rev. Hsueh the relation of the Church on the Ging Chang, of the North China field to the Mission, and as to coop- Theological Seminary were able eration and union. The Lakeville and constructive representatives Conference was forward looking of the 900,000 Protestant Chinese and forward moving-step by step Christians; Rev. S. N. Talib-ud- rather than by leaps and bounds. Din, professor in the Theological Many of the findings were pegs to Seminary at Saharanjur and Rai keep us from slipping back; others Bahadu N. K. Mukerji, an elder were stakes set ahead to mark the in the Church at Allahabad, ef- line of progress. fectively represented the United The personnel of the Conference Church of North India; Rev. Ku- was extremely interesting. Of the metaro Sasao, Ph.D., dean of 152 who attended the Princeton Meiji Gakuin, Tokyo, was a most meeting ,only twenty-five, includ- acceptable delegate for the Church ing eight missionaries, were among in Japan; Rev. In Choon Kim, pas- the two hundred delegates pres- tor of the Church in Pyengyang ent at Lakeville. There were four spoke well for the Christians of moderators or former moderators Korea; Rev. Stephen Kyoobyar, of of the General Assembly. These Tabriz brought us the viewpoint included Dr. Charles R. Erdman, of Christians in Persia; Rev. Er- the president of the Board who asmo Braga, D.D., was an ideal presided over the conference with representative of the Church in his usual courtesy, geniality and Brazil and Rev. Leonardo Dia, pas- skill; Dr. Robert E. Speer, the tor of the Church at Albay, repre- senior executive secretary of the sented the Philippines.

Board; Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, The ninety missionaries present 579

came from fifteen foreign coun- of the groups were considered, tries and twenty-six Presbyterian modified and adopted by the whole missions and represented 1,491 conference. Now they are to be missionaries of the Church. They submitted to the various missions included men and women of wide and to the Board at home and will experience and large achievement become fully operative when ap- -Dr. O. R. Avison, founder of the proved by the General Assembly.

Christian College of Chosen and The Lakeville Conference was the Severance Medical College in broadly educational and truly in- Seoul; Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. spirational. It was characterized Harper, of the famous Moga Mis- by friendliness more than by criti- sion School, North India; Dr. Ed- cism. Little fault was found with ward M. Haymaker, of Guatemala, the past but much faith was felt who went to Latin America nearly for the future. The delegates dis- fifty years ago; Dr. and Mrs. A. cussed the varied work in Africa, K. Reischauer, of the Woman's Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Bra- Christian College, Tokyo; Dr. zil, Venezuela, Chile, Syria, Persia, Ralph C. Wells, of the China Mis- Mesopotamia, India, Siam, the sion Council and Dr. Samuel M. Philippines, China, Japan and Zwemer, the apostle to the Mos- Chosen. As the extent and variety lems, now a 'professor at Princeton. of the work were described, the There were also over forty pas- problems, the needs and the vast tors, laymen and women represent- untouched multitudes, all were im- ing the American Church-most pressed with the greatness of the of them widely influential in keep- task and the opportunity before ing missionary fires burning at the Church. Reports of the inade- home. quacy and failure of non-Christian The ten days in the charming religions, of materialism or intel- New England home of the Hotch- lectualism to meet human needs, kiss Preparatory School for Boys and the testimony of men of many were filled with delightful Chris- races as to the satisfaction and tian fellowship and inspiration and the power found in Christ, revealed with constarit attention to the busi- the supreme importance of Chris- ness of the Kingdom. After stimu- tian evangelism.

lating addresses on the aim and The many problems' and the spirit of the conference by Dr. many ways in which the work is Speer, Dr. McAfee and Dr. Erd- carried on – through preaching, man, the conference early divided Bible and tract distribution, house- into five groups to consider in de- to-house visitation, teaching, train- tail and to bring in Findings as to ing workers, medical and social the (1) work of world evangel- work, the preparation and distri- ism; (2) the educational, medical, bution of literature and the forma- social and literatUre branches; (3) tion and development of the Church the relation between the missions in each field-impressed all with and the churches on the field; (4) the vast variety offered in the mis- executive administration; and (5) sionary enterprise.

the promotion of missions in the Among the most encouraging home Church. The discussions features of the conference were, were based on recommendations first, the progress noted in the from the fields and the findings "younger churches" in the field to- '

FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES

ward self-government, self-exten- dations from the mlSSlOns and sion and self-support. While the churches on the field were connumber of foreign missionaries sidered and while the "younger have remained almost stationary churches" did not gain all they dein the past ten years, the number sire in representation on mission of communicant members has in- councils and in the control of funds creased thirty per cent and the re- furnished by the home church, ported gifts from churches in the they were encouraged to assume field fifty per cent. There have all the responsibility and independalso been several notable move- ence they are willing and able to ments for church union in Japan, carry and were promised generous China and India. These union and wise help in establishing inmovements make it impossible to digenous churches. In every field compare figures accurately. where these churches are growing the plans recommended will, if Another encouraging feature of carried out, make most of them the conference was the emphasis independent of mission councils at placed on the prime importance of the time of the next decennial conevangelism, or personal witness to ference. Christ, in every branch of the work. This echoes the sentiment 2. To the missionaries and misof workers in the mission fields. It sions on the field the conference was recommended at the confer- brought encouragement because of ence that the responsibility of ev- the closer and more understanding ery missionary for personal evan- fellowship with the Board execugelism be stressed, and that only tives and with the Church at the those be sent out whose aim and home base. The true unity of the qualifications fit them to be per- work and the workers was evident. sonal workers to win men and Missionaries go to the front with women to Christ as preaching the assurance that able, faithful evangelists, teaching evangelists, and self-sacrificing executives are medical evangelists, social evan- at home to do an in their power to gelists, etc. This does not mean support them and to make their less effective work in schools, hos- work effective. pitals or other institutions but it does mean more stress on so "liv- 3. The Church in America was ing, working and speaking that ably represented at the conference the whole purpose will be to lead by pastors, women and laymen and men and women to p'ersonal ac- will feel the challenge of the treceptance of Christ and full com- mendous and important unfinished mitment to Him." The forward task before us. At least 200,000,- Christian movements in Japan, 000 of the unevangelized are the China and elsewhere were noted allotted field to the Presbyterian with thanksgiving. Church, U. S. A. We may also be encouraged by the vision of what The conference will mean much has already been done, as seen in to workers in all lines of mission- types of Christians who are becom- ing leaders of the Church on the ary service. field, by the devotion and calibre 1. To the churches in the mis- of missionaries who represent us abroad and by the statesmanship sion fields it carries a message of confidence from the Church in North America. Recommen-

and consecration of the executives as that at Lakeville, the word of on the Board. emphasis goes out. Overwhelming, 4. While these executives fully world-wide, colossal-these adjec- recognize the difficulties and ex- tives are none too strong. The tent of the work with which they home Church must know this.

are entrusted, they will have been Then it will give better and pray impressed at Lakeville with the more urgently.

consciousness that they are not 2. The home Church will also carrying the responsibility alone. rejoice at the earnestness of its The missionaries, the Church in missionary force. This is not new, the field and the Church at home but the emphasis will be renewed.

are working with them and are Here were about ninety ambassa- ready to follow their leadership. dors of Christ, back on furlough, Above all the leadership and power and all on fire for the great Cause.

of God is evident and the promise The hills about Lakeville will not of Christ that accompanied His hold back the flood of loyalty great commission is day by day and love and spiritual enthusiasm being fulfilled. His arm is not which this group represents. These shortened and His presence and men and women will pour into the power are manifest in every land home Church a stream of new in- whither His ambassadors have spiration and power. And because gone. of that, there will no doubt be a response in the form of greater WHAT THE HOME CHURCH interest, more earnest prayer, and MAY EXPECT nobler sacrifice. Even in these By THE REV. FREDERICK W. BACKEMEYER, times of depression next year's to- D.D., Gary, Indiana tal gifts ought to show an advance PfNltor of the Ji'ir8t PrC8blltcrian Ohurch because these missionary person- Pastors who were present at the alities are with us.

Lakeville Missionary Conference 3. The Findings of the Lakeville will interpret that gathering in Conference will probably never their own way to the churches they reach the Church at large. They serve, and as they have oppor- are too massive in their content to tunity, to the Church at large. The be so used. And yet, the effect of following points seem to be quite these vital Findings will be felt.

clear, and ought to bear upon the The policies adopted are so varied home Church in a vital way. and so implicatory that the wisdom 1. The home Church must real- which incorporated them into defi- ize what a tremendous piece of nite proposals is bound to "spill business our Board of Foreign over" into the home Church, and Missions is carrying on. How can will surely affect other related poli- the Church know the elaborate ma- cies in America.

chinery and the large personnel As the home Church becomes necessary to do the work? The more and more familiar with the remedy would be simple. Get every- various phases of the Foreign Mis- body to attend such a conference! sion task, she will more effectively Then they will know. But the order her own household, as indeed home Church will increasingly she needs to do. The Church looks learn of the vastness of the under- to the Board of Foreign Missions taking as, from gatherings such for the highest type of spiritual

statesmanship, a clear grasp of a deep sense of consecration and world conditions, the far vision, resolution regarding the future.

and practical plans as to progress. Many who were present said in As the Jerusalem Conference was their hearts, "Revive Thy work, 0 felt, so Lakeville will be felt also. Lord, beginning 'from' me!" Will 4. The restless, irrepressible de- the home Church catch this note of sire for a great "forward move- Lakeville and stress it also? Every ment" was voiced repeatedly. The department of our Christian enter- calls for advance came from mis- prise must be "geared in" so that sionaries, staff and Board mem- from each contact made there shall bers, and from the representatives go the clear note of the proclaimed of the churches on the fields. Who Christ, the direct appeal to per- could forget the very earnest pleas sonal allegiance to Him, the ur- made by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi and gency of accepting Him as Saviour others as they repeatedly asked for and Lord. This is the great giving advance. "Revive Thy work, 0 motive of missions in the home Lord, beginning from me!" Not Church, and the renewed emphasis only "in" me, but "from" me. The upon evangelism will react favor- home Church can hardly miss hear- ably in every direction.

ing the echoes of that call. Perhaps it is not too much to 5. The presence of nine outstand- hope that Lakeville will prove an- ing leaders of national churches in other "haystack" prayer meeting, the field will have a profound ef- where many a heart has gained a fect upon the home Church. In new estimate of the full meaning them we hear the voices of China, of the Great Commission! And of India, of Japan and Korea, of that attitude will be reflected in the Philippines, Persia and Latin the home Church, for it is of the America. And they are clear voices, essence of that consecration to God strong in conviction. They are liv- and His kingdom that lays hold ing witnesses of what the Gospel upon the promise that He will make can do among the intelligent people "His angels winds, and His min- of other lands. They are keen, isters a flame of fire." Will the thinking men. They are also the home Church be kindIed?

very best evidence of the growing strength of the Foreign Mission WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL program, and its effectiveness in MEAN TO MISSIONARIES setting up National Churches. By THE REV. W. M. MILLER, 6. The heart of the conference Tabriz, Persia was tender whenever the central What the Lakeville Missionary note of the missionary program Conference may mean to the mis- was sounded, viz., evangelism. sionaries on the field can best be an- From the first presentation by Dr. swered at the conference of 1941.

Speer, in which he voiced the We believe that God's spirit will "deep concern" of many thought- lead the whole missionary force of ful people concerning this chiefest the Church forward as the repre- of all the varied appeals of the sentatives of the missions were led Gospel message, to his last words at Lakeville. We confidently ex- as he closed the final session, there pect that the work in all fields will was a growing sense of penitence be influenced in the following ways: over the failures of the past, and 1. The Conference sounded a

DELEGA'l'ES FROM THE CHURCH IN THE FIEI,D. AT '['HE LAKEVILLE CONFERENCE Standing~Mr. Mukerji (No. India); Rev. Tulih -ud -Din (Punjab); Dr. Cheng (Chinn); Hev. I-l. G. Chang (China); Df'an Sasan (Japan); Hey. I. C. Kim (Chosen).

Seated-Rev. L. Din (PhilipVillPS); Rev. Stephen Kruobyar (Persia); Dr. Braga (Brazil).

note of confidence and hope which need. For this reason there was will give new heart to missionaries no note of pessimism or defeatism in all lands. Not once did anyone in any of the proceedings. The question the adequacy of Jesus anti-Christian forces, which are Christ to meet all the needs of operating so powerfully in all mankind. Not once was it suggest- parts of the world today, were ed that anyone could add anything faced squarely throughout the Conto Christ, or that anyone other ference, yet there was no feeling than He could satisfy the deepest that these can thwart God's good needs of the individual or of the purpose as revealed in Christ. race. Nor was there any suggestion On the other hand it was con- that there should be retrenchment fidently affirmed by all that "Our because of the economic depression message is Christ and our end is in America. Rather it was the con- Christ." The members of the con- viction of the missionaries, home ference know, as few other groups pastors, and members and secreknow, the best and the worst in the taries of the Boare!, that the only beliefs and life of the non-Chris- right course is an advance along tian world. All were of one mind the whole line. that none of the world's religions is adequate to meet the world's 2. The Conference laid special need. Christ is sufficient for every stress on evangelism. This will undoubtedly speed up this primary

WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL MEAN TO MISSIONARIES

work of missions in every depart- and most necessary step toward ment. The fact was emphasized solving our problems and realizing that all missionaries should be our ideals." The church of Christ evangelists, and that "the Gospel in China has taken for its slogan is to be proclaimed and Jesus in its Five Year Movement the Christ to be made known not by prayer, "Lord, send a revival, beword or deed, but by word and ginning from me." If the churches deed, that preaching Christ and in all lands unite in this prayer, and living Christ are not to be disso- use the means which God has prociated, that truth and life go to- vided. a mighty spiritual awakengether and that this union is to be ing will come, not only in the vaeffected not by having some mis- rious lands where our missionaries sionaries who only preach and are working, but throughout the other missionaries who only heal world. and teach, but by having all missionaries communicate the Gospel THE CONFERENCE AND THE by both deed and word." CHURCH IN THE FIELD It was urged that in all our work we should aim, not merely to By RAI N. K. MUKERJI, Allahabad, India "make a gain, but to make a goal." We should keep ever before us the Tremendous changes have taken goal of world evangelization, and place all over the world since the use all our resources to achieve Great War. The spirit of restthat as speedily as possible. What- lessness is not satisfied with the ever else we may accomplish, we "old order." Even the proverbial can be contented with .nothing less "sleepy" East is very much awake. than full obedience to our Lord's command to "preach the Gospel to The churches in the mission field every creature." To accomplish have not been left untouched by this task we shall labor in hearty this spirit and it is obvious that the and joyous cooperation with our time has arrived when Christian brethren in the "younger churches" missionary societies and National in the various lands. It was urged Churches should make such modifithat the support and work of local cations in their policies and methchurches be taken over as soon as ods as will enable them to continue possible by the National Churches, their work for the Kingdom in a and that the missionary resources manner worthy of the cause. be released for advance evangelistic work. The Lakeville Conference de- clared that there is still tremendous 3. The Conference also sounded need for proclaiming more widely a call to prayer which we trust and effectively the principles and will result in a great revival in all ideals of our Lord Jesus Christ. parts of the world. "We desire to Much still remains to be done. A reaffirm our faith in the power and forward-looking pro g ram has, efficacy of prayer and our convic- therefore, been proposed for the tion that we need to give it first earnest support of the churches in place in our life and work. We America as well as those in the miscall upon all Christians to join in sion fields. We must move forward, definite intercession for revival in calling for fresh resources in men the Church in all lands as the first and money for the service of God and man. The churches in the field must also respond to it to the best of their ability.

The conference advocated full co- can the Word become intelligible operation between the older and and precious to a people who have younger churches. Any separatist not heard it before. – John A.

policy will be suicidal. The East as Mackay.

well as the West must respond to the prayer of the masses for unity. If we are to win the world to Christ we must see the condition The plan of cooperation between of mankind from God's viewpoint, missions and churches in the field we must sympathize with His prowill naturally vary according to gram, and purpose, must realize conditions. The Conference re- our partnership in the work and solved that, when desired by the our complete dependence on God. church in the field, the foreign missionaries should become full mem- bers of the local churches and sub- ject to its courts. This request was Prayer, earnest study of the made by the National delegates Bible, full obedience to the Word and, what was specially pleasing to 'of God, faithful witnessing to them, it was strongly supported by Christ and loving fellowship in the missionaries themselves. service are the secrets of success Rural communities and unevan- at home and abroad.

gelized areas 'in mission lands have a special claim on the Church. The If we would bring the Church at success of the Christian enterprise home into fuller and more sacriwill depend on how these "weaker" members of the Church and these ficial cooperation in the missionary unreached multitudes are shep- work of Christ, we must bring herded. On a certain occasion, when Jesus saw the multitudes, he Christians to realize not so much said to His disciples, "Give them to eat." Their word was "Send them the need to meet the budget or away." What will be the reply of their apportionment, nor to listen to the call for more recruits; but we must make them see sympa- the Church in America and the thetically the condition of men and women and children in other lands Church on the field today? without Christ and the evidences NUGGETS FROM THE LAKEVILLE of the power of Christ to save and CONFERENCE to satisfy, and enlist in service It is the joyous privilege of those who commit their lives to all true missionaries to incarnate Him.-Floyd W. Barr.

themselves completely among the other brethren of Christ. We dare The greater need of the missionnot as a missionary group form ary enterprise today is not for any little America, or little Eng- more funds, better equipment or land, or little Scotland, in India or more missionaries-much as these China or Latin America. We must are needed in many places-but it become so much one with our new is the need for more earnest prayer brethren through perfect sympathy and more vital spiritual life on the that we shall feel their joys and their sorrows. The mere foreign- part of the Church at home and ness must go from us and a new more complete dependence on God creative type appear. Only thUfi on the part of workers in the field.

WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?·

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia W HAT policies appear wise in emotional content. We need mis- view of our ideal of mis- sionaries who can weep when they sionary work? My opinions speak of the sufferings of Christ. are given simply as the contribu- That type of evangelistic work is tion of one individual, not as the best adapted to the type of people opinions of any church or group. we are reaching.

In the first place, I believe that For the present, undoubtedly we our evangelistic work abroad must have an educational work to do in be simple if we are to build up a these mission fields. But what sort church made up of people too poor of education is likely to develop the to keep clean, too poor to be edu- church that we have outlined? It cated, too poor to be acquainted will have as its aim, in the first with the thought of the world, and, place, the hastening of the day therefore, from our point of view, when all educational work will be childish and oriental in their out- surrendered to the native governlook. If we want to make possible ments and to the native church. that kind of a church, our evan- That carries with it the implicagelistic message must be simple, tion of great simplicity in its one that can be understood and ap- material equipment, small and inpreciated by children, its creed expensive buildings, an equipment must be brief, like the marvelous which represents as small an inere e d of Mohammedanism, by vestment of Western money as means of which it has almost con- possible, and which can, therefore, quered the primitive world. It be more easily surrendered with must also be a message of dogmatic less acute pain on the part of the certainty and not a message of Westerner who gave it originally, doubtful and questioning analysis. and which will be a light and easy To primitive people we carry no burden for the much poorer native search for the truth, but an an- church to which it must be surnouncement of truth. rendered.

On most mission fields we are The present missionary policy not working with college graduates is deviating from this particular ninety per cent and coolies ten per ideal. The buildings that we build cent, we are working with coolies to house our educational missionninety per cent and men of a mild ary work abroad grow year by degree of education ten per cent. Therefore this message of simple year in expensiveness and elabointellectual content and dogmatic rateness. Every year we build certainty must be clothed with a them further and further from the vivid emotional expression. The standards of the people for whom general attitude of the stoic is not they are intended and· into whose the attitude of the people that we hands they will inevitably be surdesire to reach. Our Christian rendered. We should build for our message must be filled with a high educational work, cheaper build- ings with less elaborate and ex- Se:n'fn~~i.'hird Lecture at Princeton Theological pensive equipment so that they can be easily surrendered.

587

The same argument holds for sible from our present function as hospital buildings. We should government servants in educating study to make the cost of our in- the general public. Here I am stitutions as small as 'Possible for diverging radically from most the sake of the church. The native present-day mission policy, and church has little money to spend, perhaps no educational missionary so we should make as small an in- will agree with me, ten years from vestment on our part and as light now I believe that many will agree.

a burden on their part as we can. We have been entangled, to a de- What Kind of Education ~ gree that is not recognized here at home, in the government's 'pro- In the meantime, what sort of gram for education in these differ- educational work do we want to ent countries. India is in my mind carryon in this "ten dollar build- particularly, and most educational ing" which we will surrender missionary work is carried on with twenty-five years from now? We the government paying about half will undoubtedly try to teach our of the running expense, building baptized Christians to read. We about half of its buildings, and can aim at that much education dictating its character so that we even in a church of great poverty. are not able to make it a very effi- We will aim to make every church cient or active missionary enter- member literate so he can read the prise.

Bible and make himself acquainted It comes to this: we do for the with his brethren elsewhere by government a great deal of the means of letters and, to a moderate educational work that the govern- degree, with the world outside. ment ought to do herself, and we This is putting no burden upon are not able to make that work them too grevious to bear even in very efficient as missionary work.

their poverty. That represents not W€ who are aiming at building a an artificial and exotic thing but a church for the future made up of genuine development for which we the very poor, will extricate our- will aim now. selves from that entanglement with We will also train leaders for the government educational sys- that church who will go back to tem as rapidly as we can.

live in the villages and in the tribes What Sort of Medical Work ~ where this church exists. We are not primarily concerned in devel- What sort of medical work oping a number of beautiful orna- should we be doing for the sake of ments for the kingdom of God, this coming church? First of all men and women whose education we will take away about ninety- and attainments can compare fav- nine per cent of the emphasis put orably with the best in America, upon self-support for mission hos- but we are ,interested in training pitals and the pressure put upon leaders who will, in India, go back the patients to pay fees for medical to live in the Indian villages where attention. Here, too, we are differ- the church is, and who, in Arabia, ing from the mission board pol- will go back to live among the ICIes. An able discussion of this tribes where the church will be. particular problem comes from the In the third place, we will extri- pen of a Lutheran missionary in cate ourselves as rapidly as pos- South India. He says:

SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?

From the time the dispensary was in a spirit of gratitude to help us." opened, we have made it a practice to As it is, many people appear to have charge each patient something for the idea that we make money by our medicine given-the well-to-do full medical work. The idea is no doubt price, others one-half, ,one-third, or foolish, but it exists and it makes the one-fourth, according to ability to people unwilling to help fill the forpay, and the very poor receive medi- eigner's pocket. cine free. From the economic point of view there is much to be said for To their minds, medical mission such a practice. It not only assumes service ought to be free, and I canas large receipts as are consistent not say that their intuition is wrong with the individuals able to pay, but because as a service of love given to trains the people to realize their own win their souls toward Christ, it ought obligation. And yet having carried to be given freely, in order that it may on this practice for over two years touch the hearts of the people as selfand observed its effect on the patients, less love and not as love partly comas well as on the missionary, I am on mercialized. As it is, the people try the point of saying that in an in- in every way to avoid paying even the sidious way and to a very large extent little that is demanded. They have it breaks the force of Christian love forgotten to bring money and will manifested in medical mission work, pay when they come back tomorrow. and so at once undoes partly what one Knowing that the poor are charged has effected, or it prevents the service little or nothing, some come in rags. of love from having any effect at all. Others, thinking it unlikely that the missionary will test on the spot the Mission work in general, and med- eggs that they bring in payment, ical mission work in particular, is a bring eggs which under cover of their service of love, and the people who shells have passed through many know anything at all about the Chris- metamorphoses. This makes it necestian message, expect it to be such. sary to lay down stringent rules: Demands for payment, though it be "No money, no medicine; no payment but for the medicine and usually only in kind unless it is bona fide." The a mere fraction of that, and not for words differ, but the sentiment is the the service of the missionary, never- same as that expressed in the welltheless acts as a disturbing element known signs seen in commercial esin the spiritual relation which the tablishments: "This is a cash business; mis·sionary is endeavoring to establish. please do not ask for credit." The missionary comes to the patient, perhaps even to his own horne, shows What is accomplished by insisting him his symptoms, gives him a Gospel on payment at best is only a paltry message, tries to direct him to the sum, and for this paltry sum we risk real Healer, and then when a truly the creation of an adverse impression spiritual atmosphere has been cre- and make the Indians wonder wherein ated, hands him his medicine and says, Christian sincerity differs from that "Two annas, please." The effect of of medical service. Thus by our own this on some of the patients is marked, hand we put impediments in the way it is no less so on the missionary him- of the success of a work which withself who involuntarily feels that the out these added impediments is surely request for money under such circum- difficult enough. stances is as discordant with the spiritual harmony of the situation as Are we not really losing, so far as a shrill factory whistle would be in a our ultimate goal is concerned, symphony orchestra. How much more namely, the winning of souls for in place would it not be to say, Christ? "Friend, we do not charge; we are glad of any help as you desire to give Probably none of our boards will agree with that missionary, but many missionaries will. In the

first place, then, if it is wise that mission field to duplicate the med- medical missionary work in a ical institutions in America and primitive community, reaching out thereby carry to the Orient all of to draw non-Christians toward the medical equipment that we Christ, should be an absolutely have here.

free expression of Christian love, In New York City they are now then even for the rest of the Chris- building the Cornell Medical unit tian community it is to be a very with accommodations for a thou- much simplified type of medical sand patients, and costing thirty work. million dollars. I do not say that The eventual medical practice in money is wasted; it is being spent countries of this kind must of for genuine medical advantages, necessity be very much less ex- but it requires no great argument pensive than medical practice is to show that India cannot carry in America. The Massachusetts on medical work that costs thirty General Hospital, which still is, I thousand dollars for every bed in think, one of the most efficiently the hospital. To build these up-to- managed hospitals in the country, date hospitals actually costs the finds that it costs $6.14 a day to United States about four thousand treat a patient. The patient pays dollars per bed. India and Arabia nothing for it is a charity hospital. cannot do that. Something is The Western Reserve Hospital wrong with mission work of that figures that last year it cost them kind.

$8.70 per day for every patient. If the first thing about medical It requires no argument to prove missionary work for the non- that such a rate of expense for Christian community is that i,t Arabia is preposterous. My should be free, the second thing is friends in the cities in Arabia earn that we should study to develop a perhaps eight annas a day (fifteen simplified and inexpensive type of cents), while in the interior they medical and surgical work which earn perhaps six cents a day. One shall still be efficient and credit- day's treatment in the Western able. That is not altogether im- Reserve Hospital would cost those possible. Even in Muttra, Arabia, people three months' wages 1 The where we work with just such a major problem in Arabia is to poor community as I have de- bring prices down within the reach scribed, we were able last year to of these poor people. perform two hundred major opera- Our medical missions are not out tions, about four hundred minor there as a permanent institution. operations, and perhaps four or The medical missionary always five thousand individual patients works with the idea that one of his were treated in the dispensary.

major jobs is to create an indige- The whole expense was about fif- nous medical profession to take his teen hundred dollars. That, per- place. If we are going to do that, haps, does not reach the economic then we must study to make the level of that particular community, costs of medical treatment as low but it does represent a tremendous as possible, and that means that reduction in the cost of medical we must introduce a greatly sim- treatment in America. We must plified medical and surgical prac- study for simplicity and inexpen- tice out there. Weare not on the sive work in our medical work, and

we must build "ten dollar hos- ernment schools in place of estab- pitals" rather than thirty million lishing their own parochial school.

dollar hospitals. These hospitals The public schools were inferior in which are ultimately to be turned quality and in moral influence, but over to the Indian and to the the missionaries believed that the Arabian church must place as light church should be made indigenous a burden upon them as possible. and should help to improve the The Yale Corporation has found government schools. '

that a building which cost, we will This is a very important point say, five hundred thousand dollars, in mission policy and one which is not an extravagance, but it con- has been neglected. Weare accus- stitutes a steady drain upon the tomed to suppose that Christians organization that carries it. Yale would better send their children to has found it necessary to set aside, private schools on the mission field when a building is built, one-third for fear that the religious influ- of that building's cost as an endow- ences in the government schools ment for maintenance. An ex- might be unsatisfactory. Experi- pensive building would constitute ence in South America points in a great burden to the church in the opposite direction.

the mission field. Thus the argu- Self-Supporting Missionaries ment is perhaps even stronger in regard to medical institutions than One point remains to be discussed, for school buildings that we must namely, as to the type of mission- build, so far as we possibly can, aries we should send out to ac- for ten dollars instead of for thirty complish this purpose. The s e million dollars. missionaries should not only be It is generally acknowledged able to sympathize with these peo- that we should study, far more ple in their desire for an emotional than we have been studying, to religion, but be able to bring them make the Church, in mission lands a simple message with dogmatic indigenous and an integral part of certainty. An important recent the community in which it exists. development in a missionary policy In a recent issue of World Domin- is the sending out of non-profes- ion there is an article by a mission- sional or self-supporting mission- ary named John Ritchie of South aries. I believe that in Arabia we America. There I think they have would be better off if we had a led the way in missionary practice. number of missionary carpenters They had a long struggle to be per- or blacksmiths, or other types of mitted to bury their dead in the workmen, who, like Paul, earn community cemetery. It would their living with their hands.

have been easy for them to get In the missionary situation that from the government free land for I am acquainted with, the addition an independent cemetery but they of such an element would be an wisely insisted upon the privilege enormous advantage. In Bahrein of burying their dead in the com- we have a convert. (This is an munity cemetery. They were aim- exact case.) This man used to be ing to make that Protestant church the captain of a sailing boat, and indigenous in that community. earned quite a fair living. He was They fought for the privilege of connected with the ruling family sending their children to the gov- in the town and belonged to the

elite. After that man professed porting workers? I think that conversion, he went to wreck would be possible in many places. largely because of the economic Arabia is probably as difficult a situation in which he found him- field as any. Twenty or thirty years self. He was ostracized by the en- ago, in the days of the Turkish rule, tire community; no one would em- a Christian carpenter came out to ploy him; nobody would buy from Hodeida. A more hostile rule to him or have anything to do with Christian missions it would be difhim. How is a man like that to ficult to find but this carpenter extract his living from such a hos- lived there for months and years tile environment? Moreover, that and nobody molested him. He was man's major sin in the old days in a position to teach European was pride, and this major sin still cabinet making to local people of rests on his soul to this extent that the same trade who were willing to he is unwilling to engage in most learn. Ninety per cent of local hosforms of manual labor. tility might be overcome by teach- ing men to do better work and so Who is going to handle so deli- earn a better living. Missionaries cate a situation? Our missionaries of that kind would reenforce the have never earned their living in contribution which we are in a pofree competition with other people sition to make even in the initial even in the most friendly environ- stages of evangelizing a primitive ment. Their fathers sent them to country. Such a missionary can school and upon graduation they help develop that church because became missionaries on a salary. he is a member with other members They know nothing about the and contributes to the solution of problems which would be created the very difficult church problems. if they were pitch-forked out into open competition even in their own I do not mean that we should country, so how are they going to eliminate the professional type of be competent advisors of the waifs missionary but the self-supporting and the strays in Bahrein who be- missionary could carryon a much come Christians and are disqual- less elaborate enterprise. Upon us ified for employment because of the will rest the opportunity and the unfriendly environment. If we responsibility of encouraging that had a missionary who was earning policy. I imagine that today you his living as a carpenter, or a could put an expert missionary farmer or a blacksmith, he might automobile mechanic in five hunbe the advisor that this hard- dred points on the mission field to pressed Arab needs. Men of that the great advantage of everyone of type could contribute to the de- them. An earnest Christian could velopment of converts in a way make a contribution that would be that the present missionary staff tremendous. We want to encourage the going out of self-supporting is unable to do. Christian missionaries who will supplement and strengthen the Should we not encourage mis- missionary enterprise. sionaries like that to locate in the different mission fields as self-sup-

I LEFT ISLAM FOR

BY M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Punjab, India A Teacher in Gordon. CoHege, Ra.walpindi" Punjab" India I WAS born a Moslem but al- I found things in it that I could though I attended both a mis- not understand and other things sion school and a Christian that I could not half understand. college my interest in Christianity I began with the Gospel by Matdid net begin until after I had de- thew and when I came to the Sercided not to continue my college mon on the Mount, I said: "Here work. Relieved of these studies I is something very different from could devote myself to books on what I am accustomed to hearing. religion. My uncle is well known in North India as the compiler of dictionaries in Hindustani, Arabic and Persian and as the author of several books dealing with reli- gious SUbjects. I was particularly interested in one book in my uncle's library, written in Urdu (or Hindustani) verse, and called "The Prayer of a True Christian." Moslems claim to be the heirs of all the prophets and the sacred writings that preceded the revelation to the Prophet of Arabia. "The Prayer of a True Christian" was written by a Moslem to controvert Chris- tian teaching and was designed to M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE show how the Islamic religion was "true Christianity" from which the Christians had gone astray. There were numerous references in it to Can these things be so?" There various passages in the Bible. I was nothing in the Koran that I read the book and reread it. A could remember which spoke of thought struck me! Though I such attitudes toward God and could not verify the references to man. When I went over again the Old Testament I decided to see some portions of the Koran I was how this book compared with the more disconcerted than ever.

New Testament, a copy of which When I came to the Gospel of had been presented to my father John, I found an atmosphere alto- about the year 1898 by the Punjab gether different from any I had Branch of the British and Foreign ever breathed before. Here was Bible Society. I had seen the book God spoken of as loving sinful men.

lie on the shelf as long as I could I had heard of God judging men recollect, but it had never been on the last day but never of God read. loving them in the present day. In Beginning to read the Testament fact, it had never occurred to me 593 3

that God had anything so directly Testament. I was rent between the to do with men. It was strange! two types of teaching. I read other books on the subject but for fear On the other hand. There were of arousing the suspicion of my things in the New Testament that parents I had to keep everything were extremely repugnant to a secret. I studied till late at night, Moslem. I had, for instance, al- long after everyone in the house ways imagined that the Christians had retired. I also sought out a worshiped three gods. Islam has Christian friend who had taught laid great stress on the unity of me in college and had a long talk God. "There is no god but God" with him. At the end of the interhas been the creed of Islam view I was convinced of two throughout these centuries. It puz- things: first, that the Christians zled me that Christians could not did not worship three gods, but see that there was only one God. I only one; secondly, that sin is a could not see how such a spiritual far more serious affair than to be religion could go astray on the most removed by fastings and alms. But fundamental question of all. "If I was more puzzled than ever. there seem.s to be any truth in I tried to reason myself out of Christianity/' . 1 reasoned, "it is the situation and then tried to for- get the whole matter. Anything what is left to it of the original true in Christianity I attributed to teachings of'Jesus. Truly the Injil its primitive form, and its attrac- (Gospel) has been subverted by tion for me I thought to be the sugthe Christians." gestion of the devil. But I could not forget what I had di.scovered. There was another difficulty- I knew that I was a sinner and the problem of the Cross. To an that I needed a Saviour, but I orthodox Moslem there is nothing thought that Christ could not have mm.i! absurd than to believe that anything to do with this. the 'Son of God was crucified for the sins of men. How can the right- Weeks of suspense and agony eOUll suffer for the unrighteous? passed. I was seriously in doubt HoW is it possible for one man to and decided to read the Gospels take away the sins of the whole again to see what faults I could race? To depend on fastings, end- find in them. But I only discovered less prayers, penance and alms is that Jesus had a far larger place understandable, but to think that in them than I was willing to admere faith is sufficient-why it is mit. "God," said I, "if this is corpreposterous! rect what shall I do? Can the New Testament be right after all?" Even disregarding other objections, a great gulf exists between Another thought now deterred Christians and Moslems. By com- me. If I should follow the way of mon consent Christianity has been the Gospel I could not stay with regarded among the people of In- my loved ones. I dared not think dia as the religion of the foreigner of all that was involved in my turnand the outcastes. Consider the ing away from the faith of my fadisgrace of accepting a religion of thers. But I had to make the choice the outcastes! The term Christian between God and man. Jesus had is to us a synonym for a scavenger anticipated this difficulty and said and a pariah. High born men could that His followers must be ready not think much of Christianity!

But I could not overlook the New

WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST

to give up everything to follow Him there are new and limitless vistas and that sacrifices in this world ever opening up. Though it is imwere recompensed by rewards from possible to explore anyone of them the Father in heaven. fully in this life, we have the as- surance that Christ is the pledge Finally I decided to give up my of our eternal life. In Him we live home, my family, and my friends and move and have our being and and as a result suffered many hard though the earthly house of our experiences which I cannot re- life grow old and fall we have an count. On the first of May, 1921, eternal Home with Him. I was baptized and was received into the fellowship of Christ. In Christ I have seen a marvel- ous vision of the future of man- Was this giving up of home and kind. Here is a comprehensive and kindred and the other things of an all inclusive goal which is life worth while? During these ten worthy of the best effort and highyears that I have tried to follow est sacrifice of every individual. Christ I have never for a second Children of God are welded toregretted the step, but have felt gether into a brotherhood of rightthat it was the wisest thing I have eousness in the Kingdom of God. ever done. My reward in Christ The human race is marching tohas been far more than I had ex- ward that goal of the high calling pected. . of God in Christ Jesus. I am cer- tain that it is only in approximat- My Reward ing to this ideal of the Kingdom of God, which Jesus revealed, that the In the first place, the mere dis- human race will ever arrive at that cipline of having gone through era of peace and felicity for which such an experience leads to a better we all hope and pray. appreciation of life and the things that one has are enjoyed in a new To live in Christ is also to live spirit. God gave me a vision and for Christ; therefore I am urged it is a great satisfaction to have to be of service to those among followed the call at His bidding. whom my lot is cast. There are This has made me more reliant on new reserves which I must develop Him· and more contented. and use in His service. In the life that I lived apart from Him I Christ has given a unity and a squandered the talents that I had· meaning to my life. He is the clue but now I have the ambition to to the tangled skein of my life. In use what is left for my God and so far as I am able to yield myself my fellowmen. There was a time to Him I find that He is able to when my chief desire was to get make me conquer self and to be a a comfortable place for myself and happier man. In my fight against to live at ease, but now I could sin I am now on the winning side. never be happy if I were not sure The guilt that wrecked my happi- that the work that I am doing is ness is removed by the power of what He would have me do. I am God. Though I am so imperfect I happy because I serve not a dead find in Him that singleness of Master but a living Lord. heart and purpose which lead to moral and spiritual well-being. But surpassing all this, in Christ I have found God. He is the tangi- Christ has given me a new out- ble manifestation of God. In so look on life which I would not exchange for the whole world. The world seems so much larger and

far as I am able to apprehend history. We have not outgrown Christ I am able to understand either the need of God nor the dewhat God is like. I believe in God because I believe in Christ. If I sire to be of service to our fellows. did not believe in Christ I could not believe in God. He is worthy, In Christ we find all that we need and more than worthy, to receive of certainty and power not only to the truest and the utmost devotion upbuild our own lives but to fashof my heart and all my love because ion anew the whole fabric of so- He first loved me and redeemed me. ciety in which we live. The Christ has shown me that in and Almighty God has in Christ made over and behind this confusing uni- the contact with men that the huverse is a Fatherly Heart of Love. man race has been trying to es- This is a revelation no amount of tablish through various religious money. can buy and no one but systems during all these centuries. Christ can substantiate. In Him We cannot have peace with God was the Love of God manifested to through our good works or alms us and in Him are hid all the treas- or prayers. Something far more ures of wisdom and knowledge. He vital is needed, even the gift of God is the answer to the cry of the hu- Himself that all men might know man heart through the centuries: Him and live. "Oh, that Thou wouldst rend the heavens and come down"; that Our Task in India . men may see face to face the invisible God whom they worship. We in India are confronted with the grave task of erecting a new To know Christ is to have life. nation and trying to gain greater It is to know the best that life has liberty, but the thing that is most to offer for which to live and to needed, along with this striving for strive. In Him life finds its deep- freedom, is a driving and a regenest yearnings satisfied and life erating force to undergird the new gains its highest worth. Apart system with moral power. Here from Him life is not worth living. in Christ is dynamic that, if ac- Those who have not learned to cepted and used, will lead any know Him have not yet discovered country to a new state of rightthe eternal fountain of life from eousness. No man or community which a man may drink his fill and who has caught the spirit of Christ never drain it. It is this which fills can be stolid and lifeless, or relife full of joy and peace. main on the old level of life or thought. Jesus Christ is constant- Is it any wonder that I should ly leading men onward to fresh urge upon all who do not know Je- tasks of love and devotion and sus Christ to taste and see this way moral heroism. Those who have of life? We today are living under really tried to open the door of life conditions which no preceding gen- with Christ as key have found the eration had to face but our spir- portals swing open to them of their itual, moral and religious problems own accord. Even as Jesus said: are essentially the same as men "I am the Way, the Truth and the have had to face from the dawn of Life: no one cometh unto the Fa- ther but by me."

JO (RIGHT) WITH HER HELPER AND KINDERGARTEN

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR "OF JAPAN BY MAYME MOORE W HEN one thinks of mission- contact with some small but living ary effort, one is inclined to work that is large in results. We paint a mental picture of meet some saint whose name has great orphanages, schools and col- not been heralded abroad, who in a leges, medical centers, or leper col- few moments changes us from onies, all supported by Western skepticism to enthusiasm. funds and more humanitarian than religious; or one may see churches, Such was our experience when missions, Sunday Schools, evangel- we met Mrs. J 0, the Good Samariistic work for saving souls. This tan of Kobe, Japan. Big of body, large vision is too much for our large hearted, Mrs. Jo's impelling small minds to compass. The .Far motive seems to be Christian sym- East is a long way off. Why should pathy. This does not content itself we worry? with .tears and sentiment, but is manifested in common sense action. But when one goes to the Orient, the whole thing becomes liv- "Oh, yes, the suicide doctor!" ing, dynamic; overnight we be- said some one in Tokyo, when we come mission-minded! Seen at first asked, "Who is Mrs. J a?" In Osaka hand, the humanitarian effort ap- people were even more incoherent pears a small beehive of activity, but more enthusiastic, "You must trying to serve brothers in distress! see her," they reiterated, "she lives The evangelistic w 0 r k I 00 k s in Kobe." starved! After seventy years of work in Japan, only a quarter of a Kobe is the industrial center of million Christians. But our right- Japan. Here the Japanese girls and about-face from indifference to women meet the same problems fervor is occasioned by personal that their American sisters meet when they go to the cities and enter factories or commercial activities.

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The Kobe Woman's Welfare Asso- approached by young men who had ciation, (Kobe Fujin DoJo Kai), is been drinking heavily of sake, she not essentially an evangelistic ef- left the train and came stumbling fort. It is a common sense work to to Mrs. Jo whose name she had meet a definite need. The Associa- seen on a sign. Other girls, without tion is Mrs. Jo. The work is helped funds, stared into blank uncer- by an advisory board of mission- tainty until some policeman told aries, receives the endorsement of them to go to Mrs. J o. So the the law, some aid comes from the stories are legion, tales of disap- government, but its story is mainly pointments, sorrows, heartaches, the story of one woman of vision fears, despair. Calmly this woman and sympathy whose spirit trans- attacks the problem, carefully she formed the vision into reality. rehabilitates.

"Wait a bit, God is love!" How In 1916, without any financial clearly it was depicted in the calm backing, Mrs. Jo began her work in features and in the quiet strength Kobe. Where she came from, who of the woman. There is no hurry, she was, why she came-no one or uncertainty about Mrs. Jo. seems to know. Where did the oak "I have records of over 2,500 forest come from! Who laid the women and. girls who have come first stone of the most ancient ca- here for help and encouragement in thedral! She is a cool, quiet retreat, the past ten years," she said. "Our for tired souls. She is a well of work is of necessity a lifting of the mercy. We can well understand immediate burden, but we have why our question, "Who Is Mrs.

made a start on a permanent work J o?" was never answered.

in making life more livable for Perhaps she has always lived in working women." The plain face Kobe. Perhaps her own life was al- lights up with an eagerness of one most wrecked. Here she appeared who adventures in paths of peace. in 1916, and she was not long in Quietly she told us-in a gentle, making herself felt. She rented a vibrant voice-of the woman in house and advertised through the the North whose husband sold daily press that she was ready to their eldest daUghter, and of the help women in distress! That is mother, distracted by the tragedy amazing enough! Think how such all too common in Japan, who tried an advertisement in American pa- to kill herself and her other chil- pers would set people wondering!

dren. Some person who knew of Mrs. J 0 went to the police and to Mrs. J 0 sent for this tower of the missionaries telling them what strength. The woman and the chil- she was ready to do. Posters ap- dren were brought to the house in peared on the wharves and at rail- Kobe, where they were given a way stations, "Wait a bit; God is little home of their own. The moth- Love!" followed by the added lines er was encouraged and the hus- telling where Mrs. J 0 and her band was sought out, finally the sympathy and aid might be se- whole sad tangle was straightened cured. Authorities encouraged the out and the woman and her chil- work, missionaries welcomed it.

dren went home. She told us of the The Kobe Woman's Welfare As- young girl who wanted the life of sociation began in a simple way the city and came from her village and, in two years Mrs. J 0 bought a home, frightened, alone, and when house large enough to accommodate

"DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

twenty women. In 1922 she added competent nurses; here they grow four rooms and a chapel. But it has strong and healthy, waiting until more than most welfare homes, for the home life of the mother is adit has Mrs. Jo, a whole host of sym- justed so that the family may live pathy, sense, vigor. their normal life.

In 1926 a larger building was Suma is the suicide place of Jaerected-a typical Japanese house, pan. At this lovely sea-coast place commodious enough to care, not many come who do not see its beauonly of stranded girls, but for ty, but are drawn by a desire to moth€rs and very young children. cast themselves into the sea. Here There are ten mothers' apartments, Mrs. J 0 erected one of her signs, each consisting of one room and a "Wait a bit, God is Love!" This kitchen, so that separate family sign has arrested many who had no life may be maintained. In the further use for life and she led nursery we saw the tiny tots who them to a knowledge of God are safe while their mothers go out through Jesus Christ. to work. They are cared for by "DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

BY WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS, Lumbwa Industrial Mission Missionary at KcrAchvJ Kenya (}(}lonYJ B riti·sh East Africa T HE other day at the back of had been trouble between two our farm an old man ap- neighboring tribes and the white . proached me and offered his man went out to negotiate peace. hand with the usual salutation: The elders of the two parties dis- "Chamege" (Do you love your- cussed matters and after coming self?) It was the native salutation to an amicable arrangement, they meaning "How do you do?" Then appointed one from each side to ache proceeded to spit on our clasped quaint the white man with their hands more vigorously than even decision. To his horror and amazenative etiquette required. This ment, when they neared him the was quite proper from an African two began to spit violently at each viewpoint, though not so nice. All other, and then both together at the while he was exclaiming, "My him! Not knowing that they were friend! My dear friend! My fa- actually sealing their pact of ther! My father!" All was just friendship, and suspecting treachexcess of friendliness. Being a ery, with insult a<j.ded, he struck missionary one has to grin and them and ordered them under arbear it—or at any rate, bear it- rest. The warriors, seeing their at least until we can teach them to elders struck, started fighting, and adopt a more pleasant method of hostilities were began again. expressing friendship. The man had come, fatherlike, to plead for These incidents illustrate a tenhis son who had been ordered off dency, all too common to this day, the mission land on account of mis- of looking at the native from the demeanors. European point of view. This col- ony is now in the throes of a bitter The incident recalls the story controversy with the home governtold of a certain white official in the ment, because some excellent peoearly days of the colony. There ple suppose they are helping the

native by telling him that he is be- prevailing depression. I saw these ing defrauded of his rights and same Lumbwa natives bidding on despoiled of his land at the hands even terms with the white people of the settlers. Their remedy for for his effects. Nevertheless I pick that is to launch the native into up a paper and read a letter from politics-a blunder which, when a native who, under the tutelage applied to the Negroes in America of false friends, talks grandiloafter the Civil War, cost unmeas- quently of Africa belonging to the ured suffering to both races. African and demanding this and that as his right. Sooner or later The native of Kenya Colony is, something is bound to happen. at this moment, better off in a material sense than the average white What has all this to do with the man. Compared with what he was missionary as a herald of salvathirty years ago–naked in body tion? In the first place, it is plantand in mind; never for a moment ing the seeds of race hatred in safe from his enemies in the flesh, these susceptible native minds. and still less so from those of the Doubtless that is the last thing spirit; the sport of malignant these zealous friends would think forces which he was forever pro- of doing; but it is a fact. Moscow pitiating-the African is today far is pledged to upset the native races, richer in the things that make for and an increasing number of commaterial comfort and contentment munist natives even now are than is his white neighbor. spreading their doctrines in the reserves. The time is short. The Take the Lumbwa people for ex- propaganda of revolution must be ample. When I came to them in met by a propaganda of salvation. 1905 they were the most wretched The transforming power of the lot of human beings you could Gospel of Christ may change the imagine-starving in a rich land, course of history in East Africa, and even selling their children for but it must be a real Gospel of the grace of God and not "another gosfood. But yesterday I attended a pel." sale of the effects of a white neighbor who had succumbed before the GIVE A THOUGHT TO AFRICA Give a thought to Africa! Pray that Afric's heart may be 'Neath the burning sun, Loyal to our King.

Hosts of weary hearts are there, Give your love to Africa! Waiting to be won. There our brothers call.

Many idols have they, Bring release from slavery, But from swamp and clod Break sin's bitter thrall.

Many a voice is crying out White shall love the black man, For the living God. Each forget the past; Breathe a prayer for Africa! In the Father's house above "0 Thou God of love, All will meet at last.

Send Thy blessings on the tribes -Hosea K. Nyabonga, of Ugan- From Thy home above." da, East Africa, and Clark Univer- sity, Atlanta, Ga. Swarthy lips when moved by grace Can most sweetly sing;

THE SURPRISING

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, en route to Penang, Malaya WE HAVE had no greater In 1868, his son, King Chula- surprise than lovely Siam. longkorn, came to the throne. Of In a conference with His him someone has said, "It is men Royal Highness, Prince Damrong, like King Chulalongkorn who in Varadis Palace, Bangkok, this tempt one to believe that history "grand old man of Siam" who is is made by a few outstanding men, the chief adviser of the king, spoke rather than by the ordinary course in most appreciative terms of the of events." This remarkable ruler work, sacrifice, and personal gen- introduced into Siam, railroads, ius of the missionaries. His fine telegraph, telephone, a public face reminded me of William school system, abolished slavery, Ewart Gladstone. closed up the gambling (licensed) The Presbyterian Board, for dens, began to reduce the sale of ninety years, has served gloriously opium, reorganized the army and in helping to bring Siam to a ful- police and the government, sent ler realizatiQn of her higher self. many of his sons to Europe and In April, 1932, Siam celebrates the America to be educated according 150th anniversary of the beginning to foreign standards and come of the present dynasty of kings. back to their own country to be- Rarely in history do we find a suc- come heads of departments in the cession of seven kings in the same government. He ruled for forty- dynasty, and such kings as those two years. He died in 1910 greatly with which Siam has been blessed. beloved and sincerely mourned by his people. Modern Siam began with the reign of King Mongkut, fourth of His son, Rama VI, carried on the this dynasty. While serving in the reforms started by his father. He Temple he asked one of the early organized the Boy Scouts (before missionaries to teach him. Mr. it had been done in the U. S.), He Caswell taught him English, math- was a literary man, doing much ematics and the sciences. King writing, especially plays. It was Mongkut realized the need of for- during his reign that the World eign education in order to properly War took place and Siam joined compete with the foreign traders the Allies sending an expeditionary and others who had begun to come force to Europe. At the close of to Siam. When he came to the the War two Siamese were present throne, he began to develop his at the signing of the Treaty of country along modern lines. Up Peace. The adviser in foreign afto this time, someone has said, fairs has always been an Ameri- "Siam was like a country much as can. Different ones who have held we read about in the Arabian this responsible position had been Nights." King Mongkut was working toward a change of treafriendly to foreigners, especially to ties with foreign countries, trying the missionaries and was the first to get them to give up their exking to grant land to Protestant traterritorial rights without commissionaries for buildings for their pensation. The United States was work. the first to do this. It was Dr.

601

Francis B. Sayre who finally The present financial depression brought this about with the Euro- is being felt in Siam as well as in pean countries having treaties other countries. After a meeting with Siam. This has been a great of the Supreme Council recently benefit to the country. The king one member was heard to remark. died in 1925. At the time of his "We realize that we must reduce death the country was in a danger- government expenses and we told ous financial position, owing to His Majesty to begin by reducing certain of his advisers. our incomes." Such is the spirit of the country. King Prajadhipok, the present ruler, on coming to the throne used Dr. James McKean, a Presbyfirm measures to reduce expenses. terian missionary who has j'ust re- He gained the confidence of his tired after forty years of service people in many ways. He estab- in Siam, started the first organized lished a Supreme Council, com- work for lepers ever undertaken. posed of five of the most trusted This dread disease claims thoumen in the country, who act as sands in Siam as it does in so advisers. He dismissed many for- many of the Oriental countries. eigners who were heads of depart- The government has since started ments of the ,government and re- a leper colony of its own, The placed them by Siamese, many of splendidly developed leper work in whom had been trained abroad. Chiengmai is known the world He dismissed from government over wherever the needs of these scores of Siamese who were draw- poor, afflicted people are being coning pay but doing little work. This sidered. While Dr. McKean was has been the means of changing in Bangkok, on his way to Amerithe ideals of young men from ca, His Majesfy was giving a garworking for easy government po- den party to the diplomats and a sitions where labor would be light select group of the foreign comand advance rapid, to preparing munity, also the highest of the themselves not only for profes- Siamese princes and officials. His sional work but also for agriculture, business, and mechanics. Majesty heard that Dr. McKean was in the city and sent him an He retrenched in his own house- invitation. During the party His hold, disposing of dozens of automobiles owned by his brother, the Majesty sent a special messenger late king, and keeping only a few to Dr. McKean who brought him the length of the garden and prewhich were absolutely necessary. He retrenched in the royal kitchen; sented him to the king and queen. he also cut down his own income. They shook hands with him and The best members of the Royal thanked him personally for all that Family are all hard workers, hav- he had done for their country. ing their country's best interests deeply at heart. World travellers should not fail to visit Siam. It is one of the most unique countries in Asia.

"We ~baU babe aU eternitp to celebrate tbe bidorie~, but we babe onlp tbe few bour~ before ~un~et to win tbem."

IN MISSIONARY

BY THE EDITOR T HE present situation in mis- that human slavery, public torture, sion lands not only indicates immolation of widows, child sacri- a time of crisis and the need fice, and other evils have been made for the application of a radical illegal. The education of women remedy, if we are to avoid chaos, was, in some lands, begun in spite but the work of the Christian of popular disapproval. Solitary Church in these lands shows the missionaries went into Africa, need for a new evaluation and for Burma, China and other hostile some changes in policy and pro- territory without asking protection gram. The policies and methods from their own governments; they of pioneer days, and of the period unhesitatingly risked their lives to of adolescence in Foreign Missions, carry the Gospel to the heathen.

have been effective; but new con- Their patience and sacrifice was so ditions, new dangers, new opportu- effective that many non-Christian nities demand new policies and governments later have acknowl- methods. The Church executives edged the great value of their at home have realized this and are humanitarian service and have about to send abroad a Laymen's highly praised their work.

Foreign Mission Inquiry to study Today the Protestant missionary the facts and to r e com men d enterprise alone (not counting the changes that seem advisable. extensive work of Roman Catho- We call attention to three ele- lics) has grown to huge propor- ments in the crisis as it relates to tions. Twenty thousand men and missionary policies in the foreign women are working in foreign field today. lands and many millions of dollars 1. RELATION TO GOVERNMENTS. have been invested in schools, hos- In the early days of Protestant pitals, orphanages, churches and missions, one supreme motive led other property. The governments men to go to heathen lands-this of "sending countries" are so zeal- was to take the message of Christ, ous to maintain their national pres- "offering to lost and dying souls tige that they are not ready to over- the gift of life through Him." look any disregard shown for the The messengers went out facing, rights of their citizens residing not only separation from home and abroad. An indignity or harm to a loved ones, and the prospect of missionary therefore becomes the severe physical hardships, but subject for diplomatic controversy hostile governments and bitter and may even lead to armed inter- opposition from other religions on vention. Non-Christian nations the field. They set their course to have, at times, become suspicious avoid entangling alliances with the of missionary influence and have non-Christian governments and suspected and accused messengers with religious devotees whose evil of Christ of being "agents for practices they ever fearlessly de- capitalistic and imperialistic Gov- nounced. It was largely through ernments."

the influence of Christian missions The right of residence is now 603

granted to foreigners, except in a in mission policy. Are messengers few countries, but the right of re- of Christ to obey men or God when ligious propaganda and of carry- commands conflict1 Are they to ing on Christian education is ques- work in harmony with non-Christioned in Japan, Chosen and tian governments at the expense of Persia, and more particularly in evangelizing effort, or shall they China and Turkey. This causes a risk displeasure and antagonism, critical situation in missionary and even expulsion and the closing work. Christian schools and col- of their institutional work? When leges formerly offered almost the conflicts arise, shall God's Word be only opportunity for modern edu- the guide or the restrictions of a cation in these non-Christian lands. non-Christian State? Is it better Missionaries inaugurated primary schools and modern education in to close secular educational work India, China, Chosen and in almost entirely, if necessary, rather than every other mission field. Now to give up the main purpose for that national educational institutions have been established, the which it was founded. Oriental governments are jealous Missionaries today also face the or suspicious of Christian influence. They naturally wish to con- problem of putting national or trol the training of their future a supernational allegiance first. citizens and they demand that re- Shall they follow the example of ligion-especially the Christian re- Christ and be subject to the laws ligion-be divorced from secular of their adopted land, when these education. In China, the govern- laws do not contravene the laws of ment has ruled that foreign-sup- God, or shall they claim their right ported schools and colleges must to be judged before their own nabe turned over to the control of tional courts and to the protection Nationals by the appointment of of their home governments? Many Chinese Principals and by a ma- of our finest missionaries believe jority membership of Nationals on that it is better to withdraw, if the boards of control. They re- necessary, from a land or a work quire that all pupils be trained in where liberty to preach and teach Dr. Sun Yat Sen's Principles in the the Gospel is denied, or to suffer place of teaching the Christian persecution and death, rather than Scriptures. At one mission school to accommodate the Christian mesin Tsingtau, we saw quotations sage and methods to non-Christian from Dr. Sun's will posted on all requirements. the walls of the schoolrooms-but no words of Christ were displayed 2. Another factor in this crisis there. Turkey, Persia, China, Ja- in missionary policy relates to the pan and other countries have also method and the manner in which undertaken to dictate what mission mission work shall be conducted. schools may and may not teach. In the early days-and in fact until Religious teaching and worship, if the beginning of the twentieth permitted at all, must be on a century when missions became purely voluntary basis. more widely recognized and more largely supported-the work was This change in the educational generally conducted on a very situation points to a serious crisis simple scale. The limited re- sources at the command of the mis- sionaries, and the unlimited need, necessitated very great economy in

CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIES

buildings, equipment, salaries and in elementary schools and must other expenses. Much of the med- make all religious instruction and ical work was done by itinerating attendance at chapel voluntary and doctors, and the educational build- extra-curricula. Chapel services ings were very modest and gener- must be held, if at all, outside the ally inadequate. Then came the college campus. A majority of the time when large plans were formed trustees and the chief administra- more in harmony with the magni- tors must be Chinese. Turkey tude of the need; when appeals also has forbidden religious in- were made to wealthy givers, when struction in schools and there must union institutions were established, be no attempt on the part of teach- some with large endowments. The ers to change the faith of pupils standards were thus gradually- who are under eighteen years of sometimes suddenly – raised to age. A few years ago Persia reach more nearly those of similar passed a law requiring the exclu- institutions in England and Ameri- sion of Chrisitan teaching and ca. The Rockefeller Medical In- worship from mission schools but stitute in Peiping suddenly raised so much trouble resulted that the the standard of salaries and equip- government has refrained from in- ment for all China medical work sisting on its enforcement. Japan and made pioneering seem more made an effort to abolish Christian difficult or impossible without such worship and teaching in the mis- aid. Great colleges and universi- sion schools of Korea, but since ties, with American or British most of the primary education has charters, have been established in been in Christian hands, for the Japan, Korea, China, India, Tur- present Japan permits voluntary key, Syria, and Egypt. These com- attendance at chapel services and pare favorably in equipment and at Bible classes.

curriculum with many in America Medical and industrial missions and England. They rival or sur- also face the question: Shall this pass government colleges, with work be primarily scientific and which some have become affiliated. practical or fundamentally mis- The desire to receive government sionary-with an evangelistic pur- recognition and subsidies has led pose? . At least one mission hos- to the apparent necessity for se- pital, among those we recently curing larger enrolment and better visited in Asia, reported a fine equipment, for adopting the stand- medical record, but could not point ard curricula of non-Christian to any definite plan for effectively States, and for higher paid, better- presenting Christ to the patients trained professors and specialists. or their families. Some do not This also has led to the opening of even seem to have this as their the doors to more non-Christian supreme aim. Industrial missions students, to the employment of are important among primitive more non-Christian teachers and peoples and those who need to in some cases to the election of learn methods of self-support, but non-Christian trustees. some have been abandoned because In China, mission schools are re- they became merely commercial quired to be registered, and before enterprises. Leper asylums and this is effected they must agree orphanages are Christian enter- not to teach the Bible and religion prises which may also do a great

spiritual work but some have be- Christian missbns, outside of the come merely humanitarian institu- direct work of the Spirit of God, tions, and so have missed their has always been the Christ-like highest service. character and devotion of the in- It is not difficult to see the crisis dividual missionary or native evan- to which this situation leads. In gelist. Today we are confronted spite of the desire and purpose of by a world-wide increase of mate- missionary teachers, and of mis- rialism and agnosticism; a greater sion boards and officials, to mani- emphasis on higher education and fest a Christian spirit and to exert science, the broader appeal for a positive Christian influence, very social service; the growing anti- many mission colleges and hos- religious agitatiOfi; and the sym- pitals are in danger of becoming pathetic exploitation of ethnic more and more secularized. In the religions. In view of these facts desire to reach a higher technical it is unthinkable that there should standard, and to exert a wider in- be in Christian missions any les- fluence, they are tempted to become sening of emphasis on the prime less intensively Christian and less necessity for spiritual qualifica- missionary in aim, methods and tions in those sent to the mission results. Frankly this is what some field or that there should be less supporters advocate. Christianity emphasis on the main purpose of includes all the best things of life- leading men and women to a full in science and art, sociology and surrender to Jesus Christ as divine world relationships, but in propor- Lord and Saviour.

tion as science and other branches How .Meet this Crisis supplant spirituality, a work ceases to be an evangelizing effort and We are convinced that some mis- may cease to be Christian. We sion policies should be changed or saw an effective mission hospital clarified to meet the present crisis.

in India that recognizes the need We must not lose sight of our main for the supreme emphasis on spiritual healing and at the same time objective, or permit this to become is favorably known for its excellent obscured. In every age and among medical work. This hospital re- all non-Christians this missionary cently sent out the following call objective is so to present Christ in to praying partners: His fulness, and so to teach what He has commanded, that all who The work cannot go on in strength will may find in Him the fulfilment without another skilled physician and of their greatest spiritual needs. No desire for great institutions, another well-trained medical woman. for wide influence, for government As you know these doctors are ex- support or for human approbation, pected, first of all to be evangelists should turn us aside from this main and to share in the spiritual work inside and outside the hospital. Pray for skilful, warm-hearted medicals, objective. The Church should ready for anything, if only souls may send out to the mission field— be won to Christ. either for long or for short terrns- 3. A third factor in the modern only those workers who are crisis in missionary policy relates equipped spiritually for their task; to the spiritual qualifications of the men and women of faith, prayer workers. The greatest asset in and devotion, who put first the

winning of others to Him who dependence is on God for the came to save the world. supply of daily needs, for workers and equipment, for guidance, for It is one of the encouraging protection and for fruitage. Each signs of the times that in every worker is only an instrument in the land, aud in almost every station, hands of God. In such a mission we found that experienced mission- He is asked to send patients to the aries are insisting that greater hospital and pupils to the school; emphasis must be put on evangel- He is asked definitely and continuism. At a recent meeting in Persia ally to prepare and send mesthe place of evangelism in the hos- sengers to give the message; and pital was warmly debated with the His spirit is expected to make conclusion that, while every effort ready the hearts of hearers. The must be made to give those in need result is not release from harship, the best medical attention possible, or from opposition and trial, but and while tact must be used in pre- this method produces fruitfulness, senting the Gospel, the greatest and brings joy in the hearts of benefit has been withheld if the sin workers and a consciousness of sick soul is left unhealed while the partnership in the Great Task. diseased or crippled body is repaired. We believe that the mission pol- icy needed today in these non- Many missionaries are also ad- Christian lands includes these vocating less attention to all insti- elements: tutional work, which so often involves large expense with small 1. The primary emphasis in all spiritual result, and they ask that departments of m iss ion work more money and effort be given should be on evangelism. We are to evangelism-to pioneering, to commissioned to preach the Gospel the training of native evangelists and to teach what Jesus Christ and to the building up of national commanded. This command has churches. The effectiveness of the never been abrogated and Christ Burmese College Gospel Teams, alone meets man's greatest need. and similar groups in Siam, India and the South Seas, has given new 2. All missionaries should be stimulus to the evangelistic empha- men and women of clear, positive sis in educational centers. faith in the Word of God and in Christ as the only Way of Life; There are missions that have they must be selected with referadopted the policy we believe to ence to their fitness for the task, be greatly needed today. It is their sacrificial devotion and prac- tical Christian experience. scriptural and it is practical. In Korea missions, apostolic methods 3. On the field, emphasis should have been in vogue for forty years, be placed, not on the building up of with wonderful results. At Dohna- large institutions but on spiritual vur, South India, is a mission vitality in the work; not on where beautiful, healthful sur- breadth but on depth; not on roundings, practical education, in- human standards but on the divine dustrial work, social uplift and pattern. medical service are combined; but the ever present motive is to win (Next article-"The Crisis in Mission Churches.") individuals to Christ. Here and in other spiritual missions, the chief

PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN

T HROUGHOUT the Volga Re- River on the east. The German gion and southern Russia refugees, for the last 150 or 200 there were formerly hundreds years, have colonized in Central of thousands of German-speaking and Southern Russia. Recently the Russians, descendants of the immi- oppressive measures of the Soviets grants invited by Catherine the have forced them into Siberia.

Great three hundred years ago to The writer (H. L. Haag), and settle the steppes and to make Rev. Ch. W. Kastler of the Harbin farms out of grazing land. These Lutheran Church, succeeded in people, mostly Lutherans but in- bringing a company of these un- cluding Mennonites and Roman fortunate people from northeastern Catholics, were forced under the Manchuria to Harbin.

old laws to continue using German Observers from the northeastern in their worship. Though thrifty districts of Manchuria, during the and industrious, the entire group last two months, have brought has been under suspicion of the many stories of the terrible condi- Soviets who !:lome years ago began tions of Russians and Germans liv- to exile them to Siberia on false ing in the various little Chinese charges. Many died ihere and a villages of that part of the country.

few have wandered east to the The accounts of occasional refugees Manchurian border where recently who had walked the 300 miles sub- they have attempted to cross into stantiated the belief that these China. people are in sore need of help. A Two Lutheran missionaries in special committee of the Man- China, the Rev. L. Grady Cooper churian Missionary Union, consist- and the Rev. P. P. Anspach, read- ing of Rev. Kastler and myself was ing the account in American asked to work out means of getting papers, turned a vacation period first-hand information and acting into a "missionary journey" to in- as soon as possible to relieve the vestigate the situation to the north. suffering.

At Harbin they organized a local Our trip to Lishowchen and relief committee and promised the Hetsezde proved to be one of un- use of a special fund held by the usual interest and importance. At United Lutheran Church Mission the town of Lishowchen we had no in China. trouble in getting a line on the Mr. Howard L. Haag, an Ameri- situation of the Germans, for as can Christian Association secre- we entered the shabby little Chi- tary, who heads the Harbin nese inn we were greeted by committee, relates in detail a situ- Germans themselves who had be- ation of which the outside world come stranded in this miserable knows practically nothing. village till aid could be found to Russian and German refugees transport them further. They re- are continually fleeing into Man- ported that there were at least 150 churia from Soviet Russia, either of their group in the town of Het- the Manchuli border, the Amur sezde some 200 miles away.

River on the north or the Ussuri At Lishowchen transportation 608 facilities for these people from to have their things together and Hetsezde to Lishowchen had to be ready to pull out at midnight.

arranged and the innkeeper who Then we began making out of had been feeding them had to be cloth, tags for each one bearing the bargained with in order to have name of the committee we were them free for transportation to working under and the person's Harbin. These two matters were own name and number in Chinese.

not easy ones to liquidate. For five Among the refugees were Greek solid hours we bargained with the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Men- owner of the bus line. At last nonites, and Baptists as well as Rev. Kastler brought the bargain Lutherans.

to a close by getting the owner There was one other matter down from $3,500 (Chinese Mex.) which was especially unpleasant, to $2,3·50 for five buses for four A Russian woman had arrived days to bring as many people as alone in Hetsezde about the end of the buses would hold, over 200 December. She had lived about miles. Then the innkeeper began one month in a Chinese home.

another long three-hour bargain- When the head of the house de- ing session. Scores of villagers manded that she pay him $70 for came in to partake in the general her keep for the month she was discussion. After endless talk, forced to refuse. He then sold her Rev. Kastler forced him to sign an to another Chinese for the sum of agreement wherein we were to pay $55. This latter had taken her as him for 25 people at 80 cents each his wife and treated her most for 60 days. brutally. This poor woman es- We had set for ourselves a short caped when she heard that we had schedule in which to accomplish arrived and came to throw herself the work of gathering together at our feet begging that in God's the people we wished to take away name she be taken out of the place.

with us. Looking back on it all Her "owner" came to us demand- now, I can scarcely see how it came ing that she be given back to him about that we did actually carry or that we pay him the sum of out our plan with such dispatch. $70. Of course the scene which Our plan was to make all financial took place was unspeakable. He adjustments with the Chinese and presented a large paper which of- start the return trip by 12 o'clock ficially gave him ownership over the following midnight. her. With him he had gathered At Hetsezde we set about deal- some 25 or more rough fellows who ing with the chief of police who were out to get vengeance. At one examined the document of the time their cries outside the room Harbin police and seemed satisfied. in which we were bargaining We then made a trip to the home sounded most threatening. After of the head man of the village, the officials had talked with the where we met at once with hostil- owner, he was willing to, at first, ity. He set about at once putting settle for $40 then for $30, and obstacles'in our way, but he finally then finally for $20.

promised that he would get to- As Rev. Mr. Kastler and I con- gether a general statement of what ferred together as to the results of the refugee people owed the vari- our bargaining with the Chinest: ous shops, inns, etc. We told them of this town, it seemed that all tht: 4

forces of evil which this little be hoped for but little in sight. settlement could m u s t e r were Truly they have come from one terrible condition in Soviet Rusabout to be showered down upon sia into another which offers them as little hope. Already there are us. Surely we must stay here no several thousands of refugees, both longer than necessary, for even German and Russian, in Harbin though we had come to agreements and each day brings pleas for help with the head man of the village from the villages of North Manand the owner of "Maria," the vil- churia where more people have lagers were not satisfied. It was congregated. Many have come four o'clock when finally the last over with their horses, their cattle, bus was loaded, the doors closed and all they possess. They cannot and the order given to start. get land from the Chinese for the latter are afraid of the_ conse- Not until we were quite clear of quences. Gradually each refugee the viHage and our three Inter- loses all he brings over till he is national trucks speeding down the forced to go in debt to the Chinese. road did we feel safe. Never have This makes it next to impossible I felt- such sense of relief as that to move from one village to anmoment we looked back to see the other. Furthermore the Chinese dark outlines of Hetsezde fade out authorities make it necessary for of sight. The hardships of the trip each Russian to have a passport ahead were nothing to what we had costing from $7.00 to $60.00 each gone through. if he wishes to move.

Of the trip to Lishowchen much Though these facts are unesmight be written. It was the flight capable. in all justice it must be of exiles, a Christian exodus. added that no government has Each bus held from 30 to 45 tired, acted with greater consideration hungry, worried people. The chil- toward these unfortunate 'people dren at first took it as an exciting than has China. Individual Chiadventure but soon as the road be- nese in outlying villages have and came rough and our buses over will continue to exploit them as and again became stuck in the they come across the border, but snow-drifts they became restless. generally speaking, China has not closed her doors and has given At 9: 30 P. M., we came to the what protection she has to offer. bluff overlooking the City of All this, with the knowledge that Lishowchen. In a few moments they have lost all, is pressing thouwe were pulling up alongside the sands of these simple yet worthy station and were lifting our half- people into a position of slavery. dead refugees to the ground. They It is a case seemingly unparalleled were met by the station master in modern times, and one with and his wife who had a warm room which no local committee such as waiting them and milk ready for the Harbin Committee can deal the children. The main job of alone. The suffering and sorrow transportation was finished and caused by the unspeakable condithe Rev. Mr. Kastler and I were tions in Soviet Russia should be ready as anyone to find a place to taken to·heart by Christian people rest. and Christian nations of the world.

Many have asked us the pertinent question: "What of the future of these refugees?" We cannot answer. There is much to

PICTURES AND FOREIGN

BY JAMES TOOKER FORD, Los Angeles, California ALOUD call has come from portrayal of vulgarity, indecency, French missionaries in Afri- and the technique of crime are so ca, pleading that "The Cath- prominent in the programs of the olic and Protestant churches found motion picture theaters as to cona film factory, where moral films, stitute a menace to national moralparticularly those with religious ity." Exported films are even less themes, will be made." The appeal clean than the home shown; and is made because the movies have the number of them is enormous. gone "where ever civilization has Mr. Carl E. Miliken, Secretary of gone and are portraying in the full the Motion Picture Producers and glare of the movie footlights, the Distributors, reported two or three white man's crimes and love scenes years ago that during that year to the detriment of the morals of "231,295,018 feet of films had been the African people." exported." These dramas are being The unspeakable "love scenes" shown in Tunis, Madras, Korea, which people in America have en- Sumatra, in the Sudan, and the dured with suppressed nausea, par- question comes to the Christian, ticularly the slobbering "kissing can the Church not do something and huggin' stuff," these mission- to offset this flood of immoral and aries say "make the black crowds, anti-religious conceptions and emo- especially the black Mohammedans, tions. Motion picture magnates howl with disgust." This call from estimate that 13,000,000,000 people the French missionaries would be pay to see the movies every year.

gladly seconded, no doubt, by the ShaH we continue to pass by, and Protestant missionaries all over even scorn the use of one of the the world, and not only by them most effective methods of present- but by Christian tourists who have ing constructive ideals which will been made to blush at the portrayal mould noble Christian characters?

of so called American life. One of Dr. S. Parkes Cadman writes: "If these world tourists, Mr. Albous the movies monopolize attention, it Huxley, exclaims, "The world into is because we who are responsible which the cinema introduces the for religion have allowed them to subject races is a world of silliness capture multitudes who belong pri- and criminality, where the inhabi- marily to God."

tants are stealing, murdering, Is it still true that "the children swindling, or attempting to com- of this world are wiser in their mit assault." On the other hand, generation than the children of "to give the devil his dues," the In- light"? The Department of Com- dian Cinematograph Committee merce of the United States reports "was satisfied that the majority of that American business obtains a films certified for exhibition in In- return of at least one doHar. in dia in no way tended to demoralize trade for every foot of film exhibthe public." But we believe that ited in foreign lands. "In fact," the overture presented to the last says Mr. MiIiken, "the film is equiv- General Assembly of the Presby- alent to the work of 100,000 salesterian Church is right that, "the men." This same helper is avail- 611

able to the church in its supreme emy of Christian art with the sole work of freely offering salvation to object of producing religious moall people. Will some Christian mil- tion pictures. Here is an open door lionaire accept this extraordinary which invites the Church to a new opportunity to multiply, perhaps method and to a new era of power 100,000 fold, the evangelical in foreign lands and at home. God preaching power of the mission- has given us a new method of visuary? The silent screen speaks a alizing to all people, at home and tongue which people of any lan- abroad, the supreme life, the savguage and dialect can understand ing teachings, and the redemptive whether in Sumatra or the Came- death of Jesus Christ. A studio alroun. Where ever civilization has ready eists in Los Angeles, called carried electricity, there the mo- The Academy of Sacred Art. A tion picture is possible. Every mis- Sacred Motion Picture Foundation sion station in the larger cities of is needed which, like Nebuchadnezthe non-Christian world might pre- zar's dream-tree, will reach to sent good religious educational mo- heaven, and the sight thereof to tion pictures. Where can s u c h the ends of the earth and which has evangelical pictures be obtained? food for all. What an opportunity! There's th.e rub. This might be of greater service than a Radio City. It may, if Here is a possible solution. A rightly conducted, multiply the great Radio City or station is to power of the foreign missionary be established in New York at a thousands of times, even, as in the cost of $250,000,000. Some mil- case of the commercial. salesman, lionaire or group of Christian phil- 100,000 times. anthropists might found an acad- WHEN WILL PROSPERITY RETURN?

A LETTER sent recently by Roger W. Babson to editors of re- ligious papers emphasized the interrelation of spiritual and economic conditions and predicted a revival of interest in religion on the ground that people in general are now both physically tired and spiritually discouraged and "have no spiritual wealth on which to draw." "They lack that faith which is essential to personal or national progress."

Mr. Babson attributes present conditions to the concentration of thought upon material success and all sorts of pleasures instead of upon the more serious aspects of life. He reminds us that "a great mass of wage workers, executives and young business people have never before witnessed a severe business depression" and, being unemployed or losing money in business, "have no faith upon which to fall back." He points out that this younger generation has been fooling itself and now, discovering how it has been misled, it also discovers that it has nothing in the way of life preservers to cling to in a time of shipwreck. "More religion," he says, "rather than more legislation, is the need of the hour. Before prosperity can return there must be a renewed interest in the spiritual life by both individuals and nations."-The Presbyterian Advance.

fI1IODS FOR WORKf4

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A SERIES OF WORSHIP SERVICES By Katherine Willis, Foochow, China GOD THE CREATOR need of the child. Give us a child-like "Remember now thy Creator, in the faith to accept so great and tender a days of thy youth, while the evil days love. Grant in Thy goodness that we come not nor the years draw nigh may meet all of life's pain and disap- when thou shalt say, I have no pleas- pointments sure that Thy love is the ure in them." one great reality. Amen.

Piano Prelude. Choir Anthem: "The Heavens Re- Processional Hymn: "Lord of All sound,"-Creation Hymn.

Being Throned Afar." New Testament Reading: Acts 17: Invocation: 22-30.

Leader: "0 come let us worship and The Lord's Praye.r: (standing)- bow down: let us kneel before the Chanted. Lord our Maker, His name is excellent in all the earth! His glory He has set Recessional Hymn: "Angel Voices above the heavens." Ever Singing."

Response: "When I consider Thy Benediction: "Behold I stand at the heavens, 0 God, the work of Thy door and knock; if any man hear my fingers, the moon and stars which voice and open the door, I will come in Thou hast ordained, what is man that to him and sup with him and he with Thou art mindful of him, and the son me." Amen.

of man that Thou visitest him 1" GIVING AS WORSHIP Leader: "He that planted the ear, "Behold I build a house to the name shall He not hear? He that formed of the Lord, my God, to dedicate it to the eye shall He not see 1 He that teacheth man knowledge shall He not him and to burn before him sweet in- know? Yea, happy is he that hath the cense." (2 Chron. 2: 4 and 5).

God of Jacob for his help, whose hope "And the house which I will build is is in the Lord his God." great: for great is our God above all Hymn (seated): "The Spacious Gods." (verse 15).

Firmament on High." Piano Prelude.

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 104 Processional Hymn: "The Church's (omitting last verse). One Foundation."

Prayer: Mighty God, Creator of the Invocation: spheres, the contemplation of Thee, Leader: "I was glad when they said Thy power, Thy wisdom, Thy great unto me, let us go into the house of the glory, Qverwhelms us. We cannot com- Lord."

prehend Thee thus. We are left weak Response: "Our feet shall stand and afraid. But still more incredible within Thy gates, 0 Jerusalem."

is Thy love. Thou hast sought us out Hymn (seated): "I Love Thy King- and taught us to call Thee Father- dom Lord."

charmed word that breathes of inter- Old Testament Lesson: 1 Chron. 29: est and CQncern with every minute 2-17; 20.

613

Prayer: Dear Father, Thou who Leader: "Take no thought for your knowest the heart and takest pleasure life, what ye -shall eat or what ye shall in uprightness, may Thy love move us drink, nor yet for your body, what ye to offer our gifts from hearts at peace shall put on. Is not the life more than witj! Thee and our neighbor. When meat? and the body than rainment?" we remember that the whole earth and the fulness thereof is Thine it is in- Response: "Your Heavenly Father credible that Thou shouldst have need knoweth that ye have need of all these of us. Yet Thou dost wait for our of- things. But seek ye first the kingdom ferings; Thou dost give us a share in of God and His righteousness and all Thy undertakings, longing to bestow these things shall be added unto you." upon us the blessing of Heaven in such measure as there shall not be room to Leader: "For man doth not live by receive it. Lead us to open wide our bread alone but by every word that hands to our brother. May we de- proceedeth out of the mouth of God. light to build up Thine altars where Therefore make it thy meat and drink Thy Word is preached, where we meet to do His will for to him that over- together to pray, where we learn to cometh will God give to eat of the pray and faint not. Amen. hidden manna."

Choir Anthem: "From Every Let us pray. Stormy Wind That Blows." Dear God, our Father, our hearts hunger for Thee. We call upon Thy New Testament Lesson: Mark 12: holy name, in our great need of Thee, 41-44; 2 Cor. 9:7; Luke 6:38. believing that Thou art near to every one of us. Grant unto us gathered here Offering received for Church Sup- the refreshment of new vision of port. (Before the ushers retire choir Thee; call us again to forsake our shall sing, "All Things Come of Thee own wills and to turn in new trust and dependence unto Thee. Give us the o Lord.") desire and the strength to overcome that we may taste of the hidden man- The Lord's Prayer (chanted). na. May we hunger and thirst after RecessionalHymn: "Glorious Things righteousness, that we may be filled of Thee Are Spoken." and know the blessedness of the in- dwelling of Thy Holy Spirit. Amen. COMMUNION SERVICE Choir Anthem: "God So Loved the "I am the Bread"-Jesus, the Christ. World," (The Crucifixion-Stainer). Piano Prelude. Processional Hymn: "As Pants the New Testame.nt Readings: John 6: Hart for Cooling Streams." 28-35, 37 in part and 51. Invocation: Leader: "Wherefore do ye spend Hymn (seated): "Break Thou the your money for that which is not Bread of Life." bread? and your labor for that which satisfieth not? Hearken diligently unto The Sacrament of the Lord's Sup- Me: come unto Me; hear, and your per. soul shall live." Choir Response: "Come Unto Me The Lord's Prayer (chanted). When Shadows Darkly Gather." Recessional Hymn: "Come Ye Dis- Hymn (seated): "Guide Me 0 Thou consolate." Great Jehovah," (Tune-Zion). Benediction. Responsive Reading: Leader: "He shall feed His flock AROUND THE WORLD WITH like a shepherd." Response: "The young lions do lack CUPID and suffer hunger, but they that seek the Lord shall not want any good Those who are going to put on the thing." program "Around the World with Cupid," (April number) and cannot possibly find the costumes may secure them through Mrs. Johnson, who has recently returned to America.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYI,ER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK F ederation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America WHAT DOES A RELIGIOUS WORK they most desired and the difficulties DIRECTOR IN A GOVERNMENT which stood in the way of obtaining INDIAN SCHOOL DOl it. One girl said her desire was to regain her child-like faith which she By A. A. VAN SICKLE had lost. Another said she wanted to become a missionary. Both asked for Itov. A. A. Van Sickle Is Religious Work Di· personal interviews to discuss their rC<!tol' at Haskell Institute, Lawrence. Kansas. problems.

When one is really looking for an opportunity to serve and finds himself in the midst of a thousand Indian young people, wide awake, eager and ambitious, it is not hard for a Reli- gious Work Director to keep busy.

The difficulty comes in choosing the most important things instead of being too busy with trifles-and yet, what are trifles? When we see Jesus talking to the woman at the well about such common things as water and family life, and then see the result of that conversation leading a whole Samaritan village in search for truth, it makes 'One wonder what trifles are. In answering the question, What Does a Religious Work Director Do? I will give you a glimpse of a typical week at Haskell Institute, starting with the department which takes most of my time-the Week Day School of . Religious Education.

We have an average attendance of 1,035 students at Haskell, about 32:0 being Catholic and approximately 700 Protestant. Some 350 Protestant stu- dents are enrolled in the thirteen re- VICE·PRESIDENT OF T HE COUNCIL OF RELlGfOUS EDUCATION OF HASKELL ligious classes. These courses are DRESSED ~'OR A PAGEAN'l'

elective, meet twice a week at regular Munday is a full teaching day but school hours, and high school students receive one-half unit school credit for one must take time to remind the them. Through these classes, one Chapel speaker and the speaker for comes into close personal contact with the Young Men's Forum Club-a vo- the students and is able to help in cational club for all boys of the school directing their thoughts and molding -of their appointments. After classes their lives. boys flock to the office. The cabinet At the close of an examination I of the Furum Club meets to outline asked the students to state the thing its program for the coming week. The 615

directQr is encQuraged as he sees the purpQse .of the CQuncil shall be t.o these 'Officers assume m'Ore and m'Ore discuss the religiQus needs and prob- resP'Onsibility and assume it effi- lems 'Of the students; to 'Organize, de- ciently. velQP and carry intQ effect an adequate The next day has fewer classes and prQgram 'Of religi'Ous education and SQ 'One has time fQr mail, letters and Christian living; and tQ be ready at repQrts. An inquiry CQmes frQm a all times, under any circumstances, t'O lady 'Of the state asking fQr infQrma- prQmote the interests 'Of the Kingdom tion oQncerning Haskell and partic- 'Of G'Od at Haskell Institute and ularly abQut the religiQus prQgram, thrQugh'Out the world.

she having been chQsen tQ speak 'On In the evening the direct'Or aCCQmthis subject 'On the WQrld Day 'Of panies the MethQdist students tQ their Prayer. A missi'Onary in OklahQma banquet. There is an important basketwrites telling 'Of the tragic h'Ome CQn- ball game at Haskell this evening diti'Ons 'Of 'One 'Of the y'Oung girls at which the girls are anxious to attend. Haskell and as~s the director tQ talk One said, "This is the third year that with her. BefQre 'One realizes it, I have gQne tQ the MethQdist banquet. schQQl is 'Over and fifteen young bQYs The other times I was a guest of Mrs. and girls, representing the schQQl's D'Oe, and she was just SQ nice to me. religiQus activities, have arrived tQ Every time I see her 'On the streets 'Organize a Student CQuncil 'Of Reli- nQW, she speaks. I wQuldn't have gQne giQUS EducatiQn. At this meeting, 'Of- tQnight if it hadn't been fQr that. I wanted to see that basketball game, ficers are elected and a committee is but I th'Ought how nice she had been apPQinted tQ draft by-laws. In the tQ me, and I wanted to tell her how evening the B'Oy SC'Outs meet.

Wednesday, there is an urgent call much I appreciated it." We return fr'Om the chairman 'Of the w'Omen's from the banquet in time for the last meeting f'Or the W'Orld Day 'Of Prayer. half of the game.

She wishes an Indian girl. It is nQt Thursday'S spare time is used t'O hard tQ select a girl, but 'One must lQ'Ok over student papers and prepare find her, get her excused frQm classes examinati'On questions. During the and prQvide means fQr her tQ gQ tQ period in the afternoon a teacher from the church. the Lawrence High SchQol comes tQ The Methodi,st girls hav;e, been in- talk over a prQgram which SQme 'Of vited tQ a banquet at th~ church. 'Our y'Oung people are tQ give at the The schQQl furnishes trartspQrtatiQn, church 'On Sunday evening. There are but the direct'Or must 'Order the truck classes to be visited, teachers tQ see, and pr'Ovide escQrts. In the midst 'Of and a conference with the superin- a' these. preparatiQns there is a kn'Ock tendent of the schQ'01. At 4: 30 the and bpy enters, hesitating and em- Student CQuncil meets tQ discuss the barrasse'd. Without taking time tQ Day 'Of Prayer prQgram. A cQmmittee sit dQwn, he says, "Can yQU tell me tQ arrange plans fQr prayer grQUps hQW I can get saved?" The directQr each day during the week is ap- is perhaps as much surprised as he pointed.

was embarrassed, but is t'Ouched tQ Friday, besides helping the prayer the heart by the sincerity 'Of the ques- gr'Oups c'Ommittee, there are hQspital tiQner and talks with him earnestly visits t'O be made and a conference abQut Jesus' Way of Life. Later the with the Presbyterian minister in boy's past'Or is called and asked tQ t'Own. At 7: 30 the students have talk with him. As a result the bQY is their den'OminatiQnal group meetings baptized and joins the church. with pastQrs and workers from the After schQQl, the CQmmittee 'On By- Lawrence churches. During Lent these Laws frQm the Student CQuncil meets. services are held each Friday night.

After much debate, it is decided that Saturday-this should be at least

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

partly a day of rest, but a group of a good talk by a local pastor and six boys has been detailed to clean beautiful music with choir and or- the Young Men's Forum Club room chestra.

under my supervision. So I am at In the evening I come back to Has- Haskell at 8: 00. For three hours we kell for the Young Men's Forum Meet- clean, dust and polish, and have a ing. About 75 boys are present. The good time in general. I have had time young president presides and the sec- to write a couple of letters and get retary takes his responsibilities very things ready for Sunday-school. One seriously. The boys sing lustily. After Sunday-school teacher has called say- two or three numbers by the string ing she cannot meet her class on Sun- trio, the speaker who is the head of day, so I have to find a substitute. the printing department, is intro- At 1: 30 there is a Teachers' and duced. After the speaker has pre- Employees' meeting called by the su- sented the opportunities of and train- perintendent. This is a fine oppor- ing needed for his profession, there is tunity to announce plans for the Week a general discussi'On and question of Prayer and extend t'O the teachers hour.

an invitation from the Student Coun- At 9: 00 p. m. I am home again cil to join in these ,services. Coming making some plans for Monday morn- from this meeting, I meet an Indian ing classes in order that I may be boy enrolled at Kansas University. able to start the work for another He tells me that money for his tuition week.

has not arrived and this sum must be paid in a few days. I spend the WOMEN THE WORLD OVER remainder of the afternoon with him From FR.'NeES GARSIDE, Publicity Depart- in an attempt to secure the necessary ment, National Board, Y. W. C. A.

funds. There have been various commis- Saturday evening Mrs. Van Sickle sions operating in India investigating and I attend a party given by one of social and industrial conditions, and the teachers. the following quotation from the Siam Sunday morning I arrive at Haskell report on the women of India is at 8: 30 as Sunday-school classes be- typical of the universal trend of gin at 9: 00 o'clock. I take a class of opinIOn. "It is a striking proof of fifteen students who are studying the change which has come over the Daily Vacation Church School work. Indian scene in the past twelve years A number of these students are plan- that no document discussing India's ning to work in Daily Vacation constitutional system, and the direc- Schools next summer among their tions in which it can be devel'Oped and 'Own people. improved, could omit the women .of This morning one of the girls who India today.

is studying work with Beginners has "All the legislative bodies except charge of the class. The rest of us are the Council of State have extended all little folks. We have a beautiful the franchise to women on the same worship service, singing, greeting and terms as men ….. In seven provinces prayer songs. The story is very in- out of nine, women may now be mem- teresting because our teacher illus- bers of the legislatures and W(]men trates it with pictures and other ob- from these provinces can become jects. members of the Legislative Assembly.

At 10: 30 the trucks are ready to ….. Side by side with these develop- take the girls to church downtown. I ments there has begun a strong move- pick up three boys and take them to ment to urge social reforms which church with me. After lunch I can would promote the progress of Indian sit down and really relax for an hour. womanhood …… The women's move- At 2: 45 I start for Haskell to attend ment in India holds the key .of prog- the all·school chapel service~ There is rel')s,"

A commission also put Ceylon under ingly evident to the Japanese woman a magnifying glass, making the recom- that her condition is bettered through mendation which passed the Legisla- Christian influences, influences that tive Council that general suffrage work through industrial and social should be granted to women over reforms. A man in Japan may no twenty-one. This, in a country where l()llger take a Geisha girl into his home a few years ago one rarely saw a and escape censure. The disapproval woman on the streets, is a proof of the of public opinion has brought about remarkable progress that country is this change, and women universally making. In the last five year,s, quot- credit the disapproval to the growth ing a secretary for the Y. W. C. A., of Christianity.

the number of girls working in busi- During 1929, girls of 39 nationali- ness offices has more than doubled. ties made use of the Y. W. C. A.

It is significant of what is happening Employment Bureau in Buenos Aires.

to racial barriers that the Association During the last few years Argentine is proving the profitable meeting place women and girls have been making of many races and denominations, a place for themselves in the business with nationality and creed forgotten. and professional world so that today In spite of criticism that has grown there are successful and much reat times into mutiny and rebellion, the spected women physicians, dentists, achievements of the Chinese Govern- pharmacists, teachers, writers, office ment during .the last two years have executives, etc. The Y. W. C. A. emhad their steadying influence. The ployment bureau in Rio de Janeiro is extent to which China has been opened the only one of its kind in all Brazil. up during the last few years is mar- Here, too, the Y. W. C. A. has found velous. Many roads have been built, something of universal friendliness and when one realizes that every good that has become an international bond road means the bringing of literacy for many women and girls who are a little nearer to the women of China, learning to work and play together, the advantage is more than material. irrespective of nationality, or race or Eighty~five per cent of China's 400, creed. The Y. W. C. A. in Chile 000,000 are living in country districts. proved its need when there came a The Young Women's Christian Asso- great financial crash to that country ciation began sending out women with and women who had never earned a primers in their hands when the jour- penny were forced into gainful emney was both hazardous and painful, ployment. In Uruguay, in Mexico, requiring many days in the most in the Philippine Islands, in one counprimitive of conveyance. Today when try after another women are coming the Y. W. C. A. goes beyond the city forward in business, social and legisgates it is over roads so good that it lative life, with the result that conis possible in the same period of time ditions for all women, and hence for to reach ten times the number of the country itself, are looking up. It women. is doubtful if there is a place on the map today where women are not ex- The census returns show that 8,- erting an influence undreamed of a 167,000 women in Japan are employed decade ago. as bread winners as against 7,803,000 men, the explanation of the prepon- ISABELLA THOBURN OOLLEGE derance of women workers being that their wages are smaller than those of By MARJORIE DIMMITT the men. They do the work equally Member of the Faculty well, and are preferred because they Isabella Thoburn College is alive- work for less. The statement is made vigorously, progressively alive. Its that one woman out of two in Japan student body of a hundred and fifty is gainfully employed., It is increas- has increased two hundred per cent in

ten years. Our dormitories are full. the very day when she wanted to pre- The addition of library and science side at a university meeting that Mr. wings to Nichols Hall is imperative if Gandhi was to address. The babe we are to accommodate those who are was within a week enrolled in our asking admittance. Until we can build class of 1948. the third arm of the building, an audience hall, even a fly added to our num- The achievements of these daughbers will have to sit on the ceiling to ters of India make us proud. One be accommodated at chapel. The of them after two years of college left faculty of twenty-four is efficient, and to take over a school for Moslem girls adequate for a larger student body. with some forty pupils. Going from In tune with the spirit of the times house to house in her conservative city it is almost half Indian. she eloquently urged mothers to trust their daughters to the tightly cur- Many is the graduate who refers to tained carts she would send to take the College as "heaven on earth." It them to school. Within six months means freedom and opportunity in a she had raised the enrolment to two way that American girls can scarcely hundred and twenty-five. She had only understand. Freedom here is new, an old soap factory for a school buildand girls come to college not because ing, so she and the children themit is the style to be educated, but be- selves whitewashed it into purity, a cause they have compelling ambitions. real feat of character for a highelass Clutnd Bagh overflows with the activ- Indian girl. One of last year's graduities that every college has-dramat- ates is deep in a battle now with the ics, clubs, sports, ceremonials, besides amazing ignorance and seclusion of studies. The dominant spirit is Chris- Moslem women in Calcutta. As the tian, and the one-third of the student only trained teacher in a large school body that is Hindu and Moslem comes she has to .undergo heroic efforts for under the spell of our Master Spirit, each reform she achieves. Hindu, never to be released from that mas- Moslem, or Christian-each girl who tery. A typical reaction came last year leaves our gates goes out to struggles when a Moslem graduate back on a that require the heroism of a pioneer visit expressed dissatisfaction at the to meet. They must do the bulk of the atmosphere of the Moslem school in work, but to share, even remotely in which she was teaching. "Ah, Jamela. lifting India's womanhood by helping the trouble is you have lived in a to enlarge the scope of Isabella Tho- Christian atmosphere so long that burn College is to put oneself on the nothing less will satisfy you now," high road to romance. Miss Shannon said. "Yes, that's it," she agreed. "People there are not lov- THE CROWD HAS NO MIND ing and unselfish." Contrihuted by President Hoover to the YaZe After graduation our students scat- New8. ter throughout this needy land, sharing the light they "receive to give." Leadership is a quality of the individ- They are strong, developed characters, ual. It is the individual alone who can contrasting amazingly with Indian function in the world of intellect and in women who have not had their oppor- the field of leadership. tunities. Most of those who are not married are teachers or doctors, and If democracy is to secure its authorieven marriage frequently does not in- ties in morals, religion, and statesmanterfere with careers in this land of ship, it must stimulate leadership from cheap servants. Last year one gradu- its own mass. ate, studying at the men's university for her master's degree requested ten Human leadership cannot be repl~n­ days' leave-to have a baby! And she ished by selection like queen bees, by was much upset because it arrived on divine right, or bureaucracies, but by the free rise of ability, character and intelligence. Even so, leadership cannot, no matter how militant, carry progress far ahead of the average mass of indi- vidual units.

Progress of the nation is the sum of progress in its individuals. Acts and

ideas that lead to progress are bam out .of the SermQn .on the MQunt. In all of the womb of the individual mind, not sacred and prQfane histQry, there out of the mind of the crowd. never lived but .one Man whQ CQuid qualify as a hundred per cent Ameri- The crowd only feels; it has no mind can, and men whQ deny .or abridge the of its own which can plan. rights .of .others fQr religion or race shQuld remember that Man was a Jew! The crowd is credulous. It destroys, it consumes, it hates, and it dreams, but LYNCHINGS IN THE UNITED it never builds. STATES SINCE 1885 It is one of the most profound and im- Compiled for the 1931 W,wld Almanac, by portant of exact psychological truths Honroe N. Work, head of the Research and that man in the mass does not think but Record Department of the Tuskegee Normal only feels. The mob functions only in a and IndustrIal Institute and editor of the wo'rld of emotion. Negro Year Book.

The demagogue feeds on mob emotions, Year I White I Negro I Total and his leadership is the leadership of 1885 ……. 106 emotion, not the leadership of intellect 1886 …. .. …… . 78 184 and progress. 1887 67 71 138 , 42 80 122 Popular desires are no criteria to the real need; they can be determined only 1888 · …… 47 95 142 by deliberative consideration, by educa- 1889 • • • • • 0. 81 95 176 tion, by constructive leadership.-The 1890 ……. 90 127 World Almanac, 1931. 1891 ………………… 37 121 192 1892 71 155 255 ONE HUNDRED PER CENT 1893 ·. . .. . . 100 154 200 1894 . .. . . 46 134 190 AMERICANS 1895 56 112 171 , 59 80 131 By the editor of the Rockvllle, Indiana 122 166 Tribune.; quoted in Twice Thirty, autobiog· . 102 127 raphy by the late" Edward W. Bok. 1896 51 84 107 44 107 115 There Is no such thing as a "hun- · …… • •• 0 .,. 25 dred per cent American." MQst .of 23 us are dQing right well if we can 1897 qualify as .one-half per cent Americans. What is a hundred per cent · 1898 …… American? Let us name a few things · 1899 …… that none will deny as being among 1900 • •••• o' 8 the attributes that define a hundred ·· .. ···1 1901 28 107 135 per cent American. He must first .of 10 86 96 all, before considering his own rights, 1902 •.••. o. 18 86 104 have a higher regard fQr the rights 1903 83 .of .others ; he must .obey the laws- 1904 4 87 nQt the laws he chQQses himself tQ 1905 5 61 66 .obey and demands enfQrcement on 1906 ……. 8 64 72 .others, but all the laws. He mu-st 1907 ………….. 3 60 63 never swear falsely tQ a tax return; 1908 7 93 100 he must never run his automQbile .on 1909 ……. 14 73 87 the public highway faster than the 1910 · .. . . 9 65 74 speed laws declare; he must .observe 1911 . .. . . ." . 8 63 71 whatever laws are made tQ pre-serve 1912 , …… 4 60 64 the sacredness .of the Sabbath; his 1913 ……. 1 51 52 daily life, and particularly his nightly 49 52 life, must be such a-s tQ cause his fel- 1914 • • • • • 0- 3 lQW citizens to respect him as a man 1915 ·. …… 13 54 6'7 .of high mQrality. And abQve all, when 1916 …… 4 50 54 it CQmes tQ casting stQnes, he must ………….' 36 38 1917 ……. 2 60 64 himself be with.out sin. 1918 ……. 4 76 83 To be "one hundred per cent Ameri- 1919 ……. 7 53 61 1920 ……. 8 59 64 can" a man must be .one hundred per 1921 5 51 57 cent Christian. He must always and 1922 6 29 33 everywhere .observe the Golden Rule. 1923 4 He must put in practice the precepts 1924 0 16 16 1925 . . . . . . .·1 0 17 17 23 30 1926 7 16 16 0 1927 1 10 1928 3 7 11 1929 …….·1 10 24 25 1930 1 …. ··1 Total 1,050 3,252 4,312

A law of 1909 made education com-

Churches Welcome Indian Viceroy pulsory and most of it is free. The government expenditure for this pur- T ORD IRWIN, on his arrival in Lon- pose has been ten million pesos a year 1…..1 don, was greeted by representa- but the law has never been adequately enforced and there have been only tives of the churches, headed by the 30,000 small public schools for six mil- Archbishop of Canterbury. Lord Ir- lion children of school age. Over 45% win's work in India, as the Christian of the population can neither read nor World puts it, has been "a distinct write. (In the Netherlands the perasset to the Christian cause," for "he centage is less than one per cent.) has nobly witnessed for Christ in high places, regardless alike of men'·s praise President Alcala Zamora has anor of their blame." A Manchester nounced that the Government will help GuaTdian correspondent reports a sig- the small farmers with loans at 5 per nificant remark made to him by a well- cent interest on crops already sown. known Indian politician, himself a Brahmin, who said that, after one of New Jewish Movement the Viceroy's interviews with Gandhi Lord Irwin remarked, "I assure you T HE "Elia Movement" among Jews that all your deliberations will have in Germany is an inner synagogal my best wishes and my prayers." Christward move, under the leadership "We haven't had," commented the of some men of undoubted ability. Brahmin, "an Englishman in any po- Unfortunately these men speak disresition in authority in India who would spectfully of other efforts to evanhave dared say that, no, not for fifty gelize the Jewish people, and thus years." Lord Irwin showed himself to Hebrew Christians and all those inbe a man of strong religious convic- terested in winning the Jew to Christ tions, and that is a characteristic that can only watch this movement with counts for much with the leaders of prayerful interest, trusting to see in Indian public opinion. A deep impres- it a real turning of Jewish hearts to sion was made by the fact that, in re- Christ. The movement is parallel with mote corners of India, the viceregal Zionism.

train would be stopped on Sunday P. T. L. Among the Portuguese T mornings S'O that Lord Irwin might HE Pocket Testament League has recently been started in Portugal attend some wayside church.-The Churchman. and Bible reading is promoted among Drive Against Illiteracy in Spain the Portuguese-speaking people. In- terest in the Bible grew when enquir- T HE new Republican government ers began to compare the Bibles which has taken the first step to free had been distributed among them with Spain from illiteracy. On May 28 that which bore the imprimatur of plans were announced for expending Rome. It was a critical moment as 2,300,000 pesetas (about $230,000), to passage after passage wa·s compared construct secondary schools in various and found to be practically identical.

towns. Several at once decided to follow the A law of 1857 ordained primary Lord Jesus, and in other hearts the education and every town of 500 or light dawned more slowly, but from more was to have regular instruction. that time there was steady progress.

621

There is now a fine evangelical con- Ru.sian Futurist Town gregation of Portuguese-speaking folk ON THE East side of the Ural, in numbering over 140. Hitherto their the neighborhood of the enormous spiritual needs have been seriously ore deposits of the so-called Magnet neglected, in spite of their compara- Mountain, a communistic town will tive readiness to receive the Gospel. ari·se in the middle of the Steppes.

The town will be given the name of Protestants in Rumania Magnitogorst and will have a popula- T HE Reformed Church in Rumania tion of 200,000. The town must be has two districts comprising 816 finished in 1937. The Frankfort archicongregations, with 880 ministers in tect, Mr. E. May, has drawn up the charge of 780,000 souls. The relation plans. It will be built on a spacious between this Church and the State has scale, with many parks. The Russian improved of late years, although there Peoples Commissioner writes as fol- are still some regrettable stipulations lows: "The dwellings for all inhab- made, unfavorably affecting minority itants will be the same. Till their Churches (e.g., in religious educa- 16th year, all children will be edu- tion) ; and the Church is at peace with cated in a town-institution where the other Churches, although concerned parents will be allowed to visit them over the great Romanist propaganda but not too frequently. The fathers (e.g., encouraging of mixed marriages and the mothers name may not be in which both parties are readily used. C<lmmunism aims at the de- bound to Rome). Rationalism and a struction of the family and the crea- variety of faddist creeds also cause tion of the collectivist man and wom- anxiety. But the inner life of the an. Cooking will take place in a central Church is healthy and hope-promoting. kitchen and the meals eaten in com- A useful new liturgy has been pre- mon." Towns of this nature, but on pared giving guidance according to a smaller scale are in Stalingrad and Reformed principles, and an adequate Soffrino, near Moscow.

curriculum of religious education has been devised, based on the Heidelberg AFRICA Catechism, which has also been reis- Political Situation in Egypt sued for daily use along with Bible T AST summer Nahas Pasha, the .I…J head of the Nationalist Party, preand hymnary.

Conferences, schools, lectures, and sented to the King his resignation ow- literary activities are helpfully pro- ing to friction between him and His moted in spite of discouraging restric- Majesty. To his amazement, the King tions, and teachers are being carefully accepted his resignation and was able trained in the best modern methods. to find a vigorous personality to as- Missionary interest grows steadily. A sume the leadership in the Cabinet in hopeful new feature is the wonderful- a de facto government. The National- ly promising work of the 300 Women's ist Party sought to express the dis- Associations with their 12,000 mem- satisfaction of the people by a series bers all immersing themselves increas- of demonstrations but in every case ingly in philanthropic, ameliorative, the demonstration was prevented by and preventive work. The 432 Sun- police and army. A new Constitution day-schools are making encouraging was announced. It would be easy to progress. Here, and in Y. M. C. A. be cynical with reference to the de- work, the greatest stress is laid on velopment of the new Governments in Bible study. A stewardship move- the Near East and the Orient. A dis- ment-towards systematic liberality- cerning student of human progress has had an auspicious beginning.- will look below the wave·s to the ocean Pr(}f. Imre, in the "Quarterly Regis- tides and if so, he will see in the po- ter" (}f the Alliance (}f Reformed litical development of lands like Egypt Churches. a steady progress in their apprehen-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sion of what democracy means, what chief native commissioner for South- parliamentary government represents, ern Rhodesia to the British Govern- and a steady mastery, if a slow one, ment: of the lesson of self-control, intelli- "To mission credit stands the al- gent judgment, and practical-minded- most accomplished cessation of twin ness. murders, and it is only a question of time when the same mission influence Egyptian Girl Receives American will bring to an end what the law can- Degree not destroy, the pledging of infant E VEN the casual visitor knows the girls in marriage." life of seclusion that is led by the women of Egypt. In contrast to all New Church for Johannesburg A this, at this year's Commencement ex-T JOHANNESBURG, So. Africa, the corner stone for a new Methercises the American University at Cairo graduated the first Egyptian odist Episcopal church for natives was girl t{) secure an American B.A. de- officially laid. More than 100 Eurogree in Egypt. The audience of dis- peans and several hundred natives tinguished Egyptians was most enthu- were present. The new church will siastic when Mi·ss Eva Habib, the cost about $6,000 and the native Chris- daughter of the Secretary of the tians-most of whom earn only $250 Egyptian Senate, won this honor. This a year-have pledged to pay one-half young lady has not only won this cov- the amount required. There are 80,000 eted degree, but has made an enviable Portuguese East African natives on record in her studies and other college the Rand.

activities. During her senior year, she was editor-in-chief of the college Railroad. in Southwest Africa paper. 'l' HE great railroad which is to run .1 from the Bay of Whales in South- Progress in Yoruba west Africa to the copper and coal T WENTY years ago the OW{) dis- mines of Rhodesia is offering many trict of the C. M. S., Yoruba Mis- opportunities to the Rhenish Society sion, possessed three paid African working in this part of Africa. One workers, two of whom were supported of theil' missionaries is carrying on a by funds from England. Today the most promising work among the labor- workers number 157, and this in spite ers that are gathering here from all of the fact that three areas which for- over Africa.

merly belonged to Owo district are now worked separately and have their WESTERN ASIA own staff. Only two of the 157 are Alien Schools in Turkey A supported from England; all the restN ATTACK on foreign educational institutions in Turkey was made are paid from local funds. For the whole Owo district, however, there are at a meeting of the Association for only two African clergy; and Canon Fostering Turkish Culture in Smyrna.

Jebb is at the moment the only active Mouheddin Bey, president of the As- worker in priest.s' orders, for one of sociation, said that Turkish children the pastors is a deacon and the other in foreign schools had to guard has been in the hospital for several against two danger.s, religious propa- months past. ganda and ideas contrary to the spirit of nationalism. The history of the InAuence of Mission. American college, he said, proved GOVERNMENTS in Africa appre- clearly that it was a missionary insti- ciate the quiet but important tution. Past experience had shown service that is rendered by mission- that Turkish students who entered as aries. This may be gleaned from a good Mohammedans had graduated paragraph from the report of the wearing crosses on their breasts.

Therefore, he argued, it was time they Church, at Etchmiadzin, is not in Ar- should safeguard themselves against menia, but in Russia, and is theref.ore such institutions. Mouheddin Bey's confiscated, and is used, under Soviet speech was loudly applauded, but as rule, as a barracks for a detachment soon as the applause ended the head of the Red Army. Its famous library of the college adjourned the meeting has been plundered, its schools closed.

despite protests of the students-New Indeed, the only schools for the York Times. training of clergy now allowed to function at all are, first, that of the Jews Welcomed in Hebron patriarchate at Jerusalem (where a HEBRON, scene of the Jewish mas- priest of the American Church, Canon sacre of 1929, staged a very dif- Bridgeman, is a member of the staff), ferent performance recently. The New and also that of the Catholicate of Sis York Times reports that twenty Arab in Cilicia. Catholicate, for a long tIme notables on the eve of the Jewish a merely honorary and nominal post, Feast of Pentecost came out to greet has now become one of the key-points the Scrolls of the Law, which were of the Armenian Church, and its school ceremoniously reinstalled in a tem- near Beirut does its work in a building porary synagogue, kissed the ,scrolls, erected for the purposes of the Near begged the forgiveness of the lrl>d of East Relief. It was handed over to the Torah for Arabs having harmed Jews Armenian Church for educational pur- and swore to safeguard Jewish resi- poses when the first need was no long- dents in the future. "We have not suf- er urgent-and it is supported by the fered half the trials and tribulations Armenians of Beirut, Paris, and New we deserve for murdering your breth- York.-W. A. Wigram.

ren," said one of the Arabs to Haim Bajayo, a shephardic rabbi, who con- A Widow from Yezd A ducted the ,scrolls back to Hebron. The POOR widow of fifty years of age, had begged and borrowed from same Arab guarded Jewish worshippers on their festival visit to the friends and neighbors a sufficient sum Patriarch's cave at Machpelah, pro- to enable her to pay for her transpor- tecting them against possible molesta- tation to the sacred city of Meshed.

tion. Thirty Jewish families now re- She was quietly happy in her humble side in Hebron; more are expected to way, as ·she commenced the long jour- return later. ney to the tomb of the saint.

It was Khadijeh's first journey, how- T.he Armenian Church ever, and her seat on the high, sway- T HE position of the Armenian ing camel was none too secure. She Church continues to give anxiety dozed and jerked awake, fearing lest to its friends. The Church in its own she slip off her precarious seat.

lands remains in a pitiful condition. Suddenly Khadijeh found herself on Its existence is allowed in the tiny the ground. The caravan stopped.

Armenian republic of Transcaucasia, Fellow-pilgrims slid off their beasts but in Turkey all its monasteries and and, with the camel-men, gathered all of its forty-four episcopal seats around the groaning woman. Poor have been destroyed, all its church Khadijeh attempted to rise but fell property confiscated, even the ceme- back with a moan. A camel-man doc- teries where the dead repose desecrat- tor diagnosed her condition as a bro- ed, and thousands of its priests are . ken leg, bound it to a board and pre- dead, in and since the War. pared a place for her in a palanquin There are still some 30,000 Armeni- swung on the top of a camel. With ans in Turkey, but these have only old much groaning Khadijeh continued priests to minister to them, and per- her journey.

mission to ordain new ones is refused. When Meshed was reached, the Meantime, the old headquarters of the travelers carried Khadijeh to the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Shrine, for they all felt that the power Mr. Gandhi and the Gospel of Imam Reza could heal her broken bone. But the pain increased and after ASTATEMENT by Mr. Gandhi on three days of neglect Khadijeh began the work of foreign missionaries to have doubts of Imam Reza's power in the future self-governing India has to heal. She thought of the American been the occasion of a great contro- Hospital only a mile away and she versy. Dr. Stanley Jones has adpersuaded two of the pilgrims to car- dressed a long open letter to Mr. ry her there, where she was accepted Gandhi on the subject. Comments as an in-patient. An X-ray showed have been appearing in Protestant and that her leg was broken near the hip. Roman Catholic journals. Mr. Gandhi She was bathed, put into clean hos- deals with this controversy in Young pital clothes and a freshly made bed. India, and says that his statement What comfort! the first she had had should have been as follows: "If infor six weeks since that fall off the stead of con3.ning themselves purely camel one night out of Yezd. She to humanitarian work such as educalooked at the wall of the ward and saw tion, medical services to the poor and there a large picture of the Good the like, the missionaries would use Shepherd. Daily she heard the mes- these activities of theirs for the pursage of His life, His death and His pose of proselytizing, I would certainly resurrection, and slowly she realized like them to withdraw. Every nation that He was ker Saviour and that her considers its own faith to be as good pilgrimage of forty nights had not as that of any other. Certainly the been in vain. great faiths held by the people of India are adequate for her people. INDIA, BURMA, SIAM India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another." He says: Hindu-Moslem Division "I hold that proselytizing under the cloak of humanitarian work is, to say T HE Gandhi-Irwin pact has been the least, unhealthy. It is resented by ratified by the Indian National the people here…. Why should I Congress, and Mr. Gandhi has been change my religion because a doctor appointed the .sole delegate to any con- who professes Christianity as his reliference at which the congress delega- gion has cured me of some disease or tion is desired by the government. why should the doctor expect or sug- There are some who believe that Hin- gest such a change whilst I am under du-Moslem riots are due to the activi- his influence? Or why should I whilst ties of a third party. Such activities, if I am in a missionary educational inany, bear fruit only because in both stitution .have Christian teaching communities there are a large number thrust upon me?"-The Christian Cenof persons who nurse old religious animosities and who Jive in fear of the tury. other community which may happen to be in power when self-government Mr. Gandhi and Missionaries comes. The All-India Moslem conference has declared itself solidly in favor SOME years ago Mr. Gandhi is reof ·separate electorates for Moslems, ported to have said that from the and has thus made the work of Mr. Sermon on the Mount he received the Gandhi extremely difficult. These reso- inspiration to start his campaign of lutions, together with the Cawnpore nonviolent noncooperation. Dr. Stanriot, are advanced as a justification ley Jones in "The Christ of Every for the British to remain in India and Road" writes: "I sat on the floor in keep peace between the two communi- the Ashram of Gandhi and listened ties.-The Christian Century. to an address given to a small group of the International Fellowship..• All 5 the time he was speaking I could not keep my eyes from a little picture just above his head. It was a picture of'

Christ upon the cross. As Gandhi almost no newspapers are read in the finished his address he turned towards country; that ways of disseminating us and said, 'Will you sing "When I ideas are extremely limited, and that Survey the Wondrous Cross.'" There thousands of people assemble on "mar- we sat-Hindu, Moslem, Christian- ket days." On such days, a wheel- and these who knew it sang it, some barrow gets a hearing.

of us with deeper meaning than ever Here are some of the exhibits: before." Model of a good road, and beside it a Now Mr. Gandhi said to the Mis- bad road. On the good road will be sionary Conference at Nagpur a few shown a man, prosperous, and wheel- years ago: "Today the missionaries ing his barrow in comparative ease.

tell people there is no salvation for Good roads will eliminate one large them except through the Bible and factor in famines. Other exhibits will through Christianity…. Do not be al- be of model wells which the villagers ways trying to preach your doctrines. may dig so as to have water available 'Christ never preached himself or any for irrigation during drought. Now ,dogma or doctrine." Bishop Badley in they depend on ponds. Another ex- his episcopal address at the last Cen- hibit will demonstrate reforestation.

tral Conference said: "The superficial- There will be health exhibits urging ity of this statement on Christ's teach- vaccination and other preventive meas- ing may be overlooked, but what shall ures. Agricultural exhibits will teach we do in the ·face of such an exhorta- the farmers how to treat their seed tion? … God's gift of eternal life wheat for preventi~n of disease, and through Jesus Christ is free to all other pests. Improved seed wheat will men, and nowhere can it be shown be shown and even sold. An evangel- that we have taken from any man his ist, a medical worker and agricultural liberty to accept or reject the Gospel specialist will accompany the wheel- message. We must, therefore maintain barrow.

our right, in the truest interest of I s India herself, to preach, baptize and Baptisms in Burma. teach, and so build the Church of THERE any other place in Burma Christ." Mr. Gandhi's utterance that where Christmas is celebrated by missionaries should withdraw when an early morning service such as that Swaraj comes, because he disfavors among the Kachins in Namhkam?

conversion, must make every Chris- About 4: 30 a. m., while the surround- tian, missionary or nonmissionary, ing world is steeped in sleep, lanterns think how he should act if Mr. Gand- in colorful display are lit all around hi's threat materializes. If Christian our compound and the large gong peels Indians feel a call to go and preach out its slow, dull, vibrating sound.

Christ outside India, may God enable We gather for a service of song, them to do so.-T. K. R. prayer and preaching which usually lasts until first signs of dawn.

Practical Gift from India. Christmas time seemingly helps the W HEN China's hunger suffering Kachins to turn their minds God- was reported to United Christian ward. We have had not less than ten Mission churches in India they not great Christmas gatherings where the only prayed-they sent real money. people came to meet and rejoice for a Realizing that the best relief is to period of two days. During the two help prevent a return of famine, the weeks following Christmas the Nam- ones to whom this money was entrust- hkam pastor and I baptized not less ed decided to fit up a ''Wheelbarrow than 152 Christians.

Exhibition." To understand its possi- In Maymyo there is a steady quiet bilities, one must know that nothing revival among the Kachin soldiers.

larger than a wheelbarrow can tra- Practically every month there is a verse the typical Chinese road; that large number of baptisms. The en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraging feature of this movement is Why Students are Irreligious that it is carried on among the soldiers LAST autumn the principal of the themselves. Practically all the higher Middle School, the largest govern- Kachin officers, even the Subedar Ma- ment school in Yanchow, Kiangsu, jor, are earnest Christians.-Gustaf asked me to teach senior English to A. Sword, in "The News." his students. This has given me a good opportunity to observe the way Mother of BnrDla MethodisDl things are run in a government school, T HE foundation of the new edifice and also the minds of the students. of First Methodist Church, Ran- They seem to be growing increasingly friendly. In their desire to appear goon, Burma, was laid last March, its mlightened they accept the dictum of third building since the commence- the new intelligentsia that religion is a superstitious survival from the days ment of Methodist work in that city of prehistoric man's undeveloped menin 1879. Starting with street preach- tality. Never having seen anything ing in Tamil and Telugu there grew but false religion and ignorant of what up congregations which were the small Christianity represents, they have beginnings of the Tamil, Telugu, Hin- lumped all religion in the same catedustani, Burmese and Chinese work. gory. They are young, things have "Today," says the Rev. D. C. Bald- been coming their own way, and they win, Pastor, "the First Methodist may not have felt any particular need Church shar.es the challenge of the for religion. But as their experience new Burma. The promise of separa- deepens, they feel the need and therein tion indicates a new day for this land lies our opportunity.-Rev. E. H. Forof pagodas. In this brighter future ster, in The Spirit of Missions. our people would share the burdens of citizenship side by side with the peo- ples of other races and faiths. We Laboratory of Christianity believe that Christian character makes substantial citizens; we face the new CHRISTIAN work in the island of day with confidence, assured that we Hainan was opened forty – nine will find our best safeguard by play- years ago. An adventurous Scandi-. ing our part in serving Burma with navian sea captain turned missionary, the highest ideals of our Master." explored the little known island and reported to the Presbyterian Canton CHINA MLssion, which accepted responsibility More Bandits and Missionaries for developing work there. Steadily and successfully preaching, teaching ON JULY 4TH the notorious Com- and healing, have made progress. munist leader in Western Hupeh Curiously enough, several stages of Province, "General" Ho Lun, released its evolution have been skipped; from the Rev. Oscar Anderson after nearly bean oil wicks she jumped to 50 watt three months of captivity on payment bulbs, from solid wheeled vehicles to of a large ransom in medical supplies 1931 models. Small, modern cities furnished by the Swedish mission. Ho now flourish and an up-to-date hos- Lun is reported as storming towns be- pital has just been opened in Hoihow.

tween the Han and the Yangtzse Its isolation led Russian agitators Rivers (west and northwest Hankow). five years ago to select it as "A Lab- He still holds captive Bishop Ricci and oratory ,of Communism," and Com- four Catholic priests from the Laoho- munists, both Russian and Chinese, kow mission for the release of whom have sought by indoctrination, intimi- he is demanding a $75,000 ransom. dation, misrepresentation, and worse The foreign missionarie·s in North- to make the island Communist. A western Hupeh are gathered at Laoho- campaign of terrorism furced the kow. evacuation of many members of the

mission for one or two years. Finally become loyal and useful citizens of the government expelled the worst China, and may be prepared to aid agitators, but only temporarily as they in building up and strengthenirtg are again active. Few roads are safe their respective communities along for travel,; block houses line the hill moral, intellectual, and humanitarian tops along the highways; towns and lines, and to promote the general purvillages are under constant guard. poses had in mind by each of the sev- eral missionary societies in establish- Here is an excellent opportunity to ing its educational work in China. make the island "A Laboratory of Christianity." The Presbyterian Board Christianity aud National Differences is the only one at work there. When four of its representatives paid a re- TONG-STANDING as have been the cent visit, the president of the Chamber. of Commerce said: "Hainan is L differences between Japan and deeply grateful for the effective and sacrificial service of the American China, an interdenominational confermissionaries, and we want them to ence held in Shantung, China, had stay forever."-George T. Scott. for its principal speakers Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, General Secretary of the Educational Union in Central China National Christian Council of China, and Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's A PLAN is under consideration for great Christian Socialist. "It was an the affiliation, in Wuchang, China, evidence of the power of Christian exunder the name of Hua Chung (Cen- perience to triumph over national diftral China) College, of the work of ferences that the Chinese delegates higher education hitherto conducted could give such a cordial welcome to a by various missions in several cities Japanese leader," declares Grace M. in central China. Breck of Lintsing. Dr. Kagawa be- gan by apologizing for the political The following institutions are in- wrongs of Japan against China. His cluded in the plan: Boone College, sweet spirit soon won all hearts. The maintained by the American Protes- Chinese delegates prayed in Chinese; tant Episcopal Church; Wesley Col- Kagawa in Japanese; the foreigners lege, maintained by the English sometimes in English-but they all Methodists; Griffith John College, understood the spirit. As all rose to maintained by the English Congre- sing at closing, "God Be With You gationalists; Lakeside College, main- Till We Meet Again," all felt, as Miss tained by the Reformed Church in the Breck expresses it, "the reality of United States, at Yochow, and Yale- Christian unity and fellowship regardin-China, maintained by the Yale less of national or lingual differences." Foreign Missionary Society, at Chang- -The Congregationalist. aha. Bandits and Pastors Hua Chung College will have a Chinese president, and a board of direc- T HE Chinese Christian pastor made tors resident in China, of whom prisoner by bandits endures suftwo-thirds will be Chinese. A board ferings about which the world never of trustees in the United States re- hears. Mr. Jen's ·salary is nine dolsponsible for the general administra- lars a month-barely sufficient to cover tion will hold property not yet owned the mast meager expenses. Jen owned by the affiliating institutions. some farm land, upon which, of neces- sity, he was semi-dependent. He was The purpose of Hua Chung College captured by bandits with other prisonshall be to provide for the youth of ers, some of whom were beaten, muti- China a college education of high, lated and killed. Before he was free, standard with a view to developing his family had to sell his farm and character and intellectual capacity in give more than :tour hundred dollars its students, in order that they may

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to his captors…. Twenty-five miles he could not live. "Then I saw those from Tehchow lived the widow of a Christian women kneel down on the Christian pastor, herself a former fioor, and some with tears, pour out Bible woman. Her husband had car- their hearts in prayer for his life. I ried a thousand dollar insurance policy was not a Christian and had never with a foreign company. Upon his been to church, but even I could feel death the money went to his widow. that influence outside of ourselves that She was abducted and held until her filled that room. In three days the family had turned over twelve hun- child was well and running about the dred dollars, the insurance money plus room. I know there is power outside other savings. Yet, in the face of of us that can help us, and I have such tales, Rev. Leonard Outerbridge come back to Chinkiang determined declares that "this has been the most to be a Christian."–'Mrs. S. C. Far- encouraging year in evangelistic work rior, of Chinkiang.

that I have seen in China."-The Con- Rip Van Winkle China gregationali8t.

Peril in China I T IS interesting to watch this mod- ern Rip Van Winkle emerge from T HE shadow of a new civil war in the customs of hundreds, even thou- China has resulted in all Ameri- sands of years, and become up-to-date. cans near Foochow being warned to This is happening in our part of withdraw to· escape rebels advancing China today, in this provincial capital, down the Min River. General Chiang, Chinkiang, forty miles from the naprofessing little concern for the rebel- tional capital. The streets that have lion in the South, has taken the field been so narrow that you could almost to crush Hunan and Kiang·si Province touch the two sides with your outbandits and then he promises to retire stretched arms .are now broad streets from office to repudiate assertions that with wide pavements, a credit to any he desired to become a dictator or to town. As you step out of the way of found a new dynasty. Coincident with the wheelbarrow or the ricksha you assertions that the Southern China in- have to be careful not to be run over surgents were Communists, encour- by the automobiles and trucks that are aged by Russian cooperation, the gov- whizzing by. We used to see men ernment announced Nationalist troops strolling down the street, hand in had defeated 20,000 bandit Reds of hand. like a couple of school girls but Southern Kiangsi.-New York Times. now we may see young men and wom- en enjoying the companionship of each Christian Influence other as in America. Straw-covered huts are still to be A STRANGER came into the church seen, even on the new streets, and by one Sunday (at Chinkiang), an the side a very up-to-date building hour before the time for service, and with a concrete wall. A man with the just sat there. She had no friends in latest-cut foreign clothes, with pressed the church; no one had asked her to trousers and the latest style overcoat, come; nothing human had been may find his way blocked and speed brought to bear upon her coming. SM lessened by one who still ambles along said that she wanted to be a Chris- in his blue bags of pants and his tian, and the Sunday before had come queue tied around his head.

to church at eight o'clock instead of In this convulsion of 400,000,000 ten. As no one came in, she went people can be seen the new life pre- home, then came again the next Sun- dominating, then the old seemingly day at nine o'clock. She said that she swallowing it up, and then again the had been visiting in Shanghai when new coming to the top until a lasting the grandson of a Christian became ill impression is made.-Mr8. S. C. Far- with meningitis and the doctor said rior.

JAPAN, KOREA the children were surprisingly quiet Women Buddhist Priests and orderly. There were between two T HE Shingon -sect of Buddhism in and three hundred there. While the Japan has adopted another modern evangelist handled the projector, the innovation, namely, the ordination of Japanese pastor told the story which includes an outline of the life of women to the priesthood. American Christ. Tracts were distributed among the people in the audience. and European missionary methods Barber shops in Japan are open have been copied for a number of every day from early morning until late at night but they are closed one years, such as opening Shuynmdnasy-ssuchnogolts~ day each month, on the seventeenth. founding orphanages, Accordingly this barber has arranged to have a church service once a month Gospel tunes, but with different words at his home, always on the seventeenth whether it comes on Sunday or not. as "Safe in the arms of Buddha ,; They are also preparing to have a Sunday-school every other week, but "Onward, Buddhist Soldiers," and the that, too, will have to be on some other day than Sunday because the pastor establishment of a Young Men's Bud- working in that district already has a ful! Sunday program.-Charles M. Ledhist Association. Women priests are Galley, in "Outlook of Missions."

to pass an examination before ordi- nation, according to a recent confer- ence held in Kyoto, dress their hair in sober fashion, and wear no colored vestm~nts. They may not, however, serve III the large and more important temples, but are to be appointed to the branch temples of which there are nearly 10,000 in Japan, and of which "I number nearly one-fifth are at present The Value of Kindergartens without priests. N J APAN mothers have little idea of training and governing their How a Barber HelpB children," writes Miss Cornelia Jud- A BOUT a month ago I had an in- son of Matsuyama, Japan. "Many lit- tle ones come to us showing that they 1.. teresting peep into the rural life have never yet known the way of obedience. Here they first learn (most of Japan and the work that is being come from non-Christian homes) that done by evangelists in the villages there is a Father-God watching them where there are no Christian churches. loving them, wanting them to be kind: The evangelist from the Reformed truthful, obedient, unselfish, and the Church Mission at Sendai asked me results of the training are shown in to go along to a community of about the large number (86) of our chil- 800 where he was to help a native dren wh() have become monitors of pastor from a neighboring city give their classes in primary and higher a lantern-slide lecture based on Van schools. Our Night Scho()l Sunday- Dyke's story, "The Other Wise Man." school with an attendance of about 150 is largely composed ()f children who There is no church or pastor in this have been in the Kindergarten; others community but a barber and one or attend the Church Sunday-schools. All two others in the village are Chris- Christian workers in Japan are very tians and they had arranged that this strongly emphatic about the value of service -should be held. teaching the little children."

We were taken to a warehouse which was already jammed with people, a large proportion of whom were children. There were no seats of any sort and the room was not heated al- A New Church in Korea T though it was the middle of February HE union of the two Methodist churches in Korea was not the with snow on the ground. The crowd was squatted on the floor as close to- patching together of two similar gether as they could be packed and ready-made systems. It was a case of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thinking through policies, plans, and of a church service in America at 2 : 00 doctrines to find what was best for a P. M. in mid-summer heat, with a modern church in a new field. semi-tropic sun added, attracting a Take, for example, the episcopacy. capacity audience as a regular and not There was a strong sentiment in favor an extraordinary thing. The Chris- of a "president" who would be a pre- tians in Pyengyang go to church by siding officer of assemblies rather than the thousands.

a bishop or full-time paid leader. They More than 900 Christians in a coun- wanted to make sure that there would try circuit pledged themselves recently be no third order or apostolic succes- to work definitely for the conversion sion ideas in the new church. When of three friends, each praying daily they decided to have a general super- for them throughout a six months'

intendent they proceeded to limit his period. As a result, every church has powers in such a way that democracy a large growth in membership and should have a chance. two doubled in size.-The Presbyte- Baron Yun, the leading Southern rian.

Methodist layman, feared at one time that too many new things might be ISLANDS OF THE SEA adopted. He urged moderati.on so Philippine CODlDlissioner's Views that the child would be recognized by CAMILO OSIAS, Commissioner for its parents. He claimed that the re- the Philippines in the United port of the commission put the Korean Church 300 years ahead of the mother States, is a product of Christian mischurches and he did not think the mothers would recognize any of those sions. When asked recently whether that· went further. In -substance he said, "We are a young church, only a foreign missions have been of real few years old. The mother churches have lived long-maybe 200 years. We service to the Philippine-s he replied: have given women the right of ordination, and it will take them a hundred Absolutely, and the service has been years to get it in the Southern Meth- most constructive. The Philippines stand odist Church. We have granted lay- as exhibit A, testifying to the efficiency men equal numbers in the Annual Con- of the foreign mission enterprise. Nineference and it will take them a hun- ty-two per cent of our own people are dred years to gain that privilege in nominally Christian, due to the influence the Northern Church." of missions. The American people should not judge the efficacy of missionary work It was not independence that pri- in tenus of church membership or physmarily started the move for this new ical assets alone. It should be judged church, it was the desire and necessity more on the basis of the larger service for union of two small groups in the engendered. Religious freedom, the open face of their mountain-like obstacles. Bible translated into the vernacular, and They have a great opportunity. Help the spirit of democracy are a few of the them meet it.-Dr. George F. Suthe.r- notable fruits of Christianity not meas- urable by statistics.

Dr. Osias feels that missionary ef- fort should stress three points:-de- veloping a deeper spirituality; pro- moting a native Christian literature and striving to secure church union.

land, in "The Christian Advocate." New Zealand-Then and Now Mission Work in Korea NE hundred years ago when Sam- O OREANS packed to the doors, on, K a terribly hot Sabbath afternoon New Zealand, to establish a mission, uel Marsden went to Wainate, in June. What was it-a political the Maoris were cannibal warriors.

meeting, a movie? Neither. It was Sometimes, one of the missionaries the regular church service in West said, he would find in the morning a Church, one of twenty-three Presby- row of heads stuck on his fence. They terian churches in the city and imme- were the evidences of a raid and a diate environs of Pyengyang. Think cannibal feast. Today the Maoris are

Christians, with their own pastors tion into an effective political and and bishops. The first church was educational force. The announcement built at Wainate in 1831 and George originates from a group of individuals Selwyn settled there in 1842. An old upon whom many dry counsellors have Maori spoke as follows at the recent informally laid the responsibility of centenary: "I believe in the Word of leadership with something like a man- God. In Wainate the first school was date. These individuals will begin an opened in New Zealand and there the intensive drive to last from Septem- first oak was planted…. I don't like ber, 1931, to June, 1932, designed to to advise the white folks not to work erect in every county and precinct of on Sundays. The Maoris may do like- the United States a working organiza- wise and spoil their reputation! Unity tion of "Allied Citizens Supporting the is the great thing." Eighteenth Amendment." Three men Captain Rushwork, a member of in the leadership of this aggressive Parliament, said: "When the early program are Dr. Daniel A. Poling, the missionaries came to New Zealand Hon. Oliver W. Stewart and Col. Ray- they had no hope 'of returning home. mond Robins. They have the confi- It was like going to the moon. How dence of the entire dry public and they many of us would volunteer for such a know the problem. They have no pro- service? Today we honor these early fessional connection with any dry law- Christian pioneers while nothing is enforcing or legislative agency. They planned in memory of the traders or stand above the prejudices with which the beachcomber who lived and drank either wets or drys have assailed this riotously." or that agency. They therefore may Seed on Good Ground hope to command a unified response on the part of the dry citizenship. A PATIENT in the Tagbilaran hos- pital, in the Philippines, was The appeal will be addressed to all given a Testament. After recovery he citizens who hold that the traffic in took his Testament with him into the beverage liquor is. a social evil of the distant mountain barrio and later, first magnitude; that prohibition of the traffic by constitutional enactment when a colporteur of the American is the only effective way for American Bible Society was unsuccessfully try- society to deal with it; that, despite ing to sell Bibles in a near-by town, its violation and much weakness in its an inhabitant said to him: "In the enforcement, prohibition is a far hills they are all asking for that book." greater success than the distorted in- The colporteur went to the barrio terpretations given in the dominant indicated and found that the chief man wet press have led many to believe; was the one who had been in the hos- and that the present need is for dry pital at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, public sentiment to embody itself in had organized them into a congrega- 'Organized form in order to meet eftion and regular worship was being fectively the present crisis, and to mobilize general public opinion in beheld every Sunday. half of the voluntary observance of "We had no teacher," said he, "so the law.-The Christian Century. we just read the Bible before the peo- ple and let the Bible speak to us. We Million Dollars Put to Work D had no prayer book, so we just closed URING the thirty years of its his- tory, the Bible House of Los our eyes and talked to God." Angeles has received and expended NORTH AMERICA over a million dollars for the dissemi- A Law Observance Ca.m.paign nation of Christian literature. The A COUNTRY-WIDE campaign will Society was organized shortly after be launched in September to or- the close 'Of the Spanish-American ganize the dry sentiment of the na- War for the special purpose of provid-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing Testaments and Gospels for free a great personality and pastor of Sec- distribution among the new Spanish- ond Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.

speaking citizens of the United States. Dr. Swift received his education at Since that time more than seven mil- Williams College under the powerful lion New Testaments and Scripture missionary influences which flowed Portions have been given without from the Haystack Prayer Meeting of charge to missionaries and colporteurs 1806, was himself accepted for mis- in Spanish-speaking lands throughout sionary appointment but never went to the world. Large editions of similar the field. He was the first secretary literature have been issued in Portu- of the Society.

guese, French, Italian, Arabic, Ger- Africa and India were the first fields man, Chinese, Rausa and Icelandic. of ·service for this new society. On Besides all this, many millions of the January 31, 1832, the society recorded well-known "Underscored" tracts and this action: "Resolved, That in view booklets in several languages have of the spiritual wants of Africa, this been widely scattered. The work is committee will make it their first obsupported wholly by voluntary offer- ject, if the providence of God shall ings. seem to open the way, to plan a mis- sion at some suitable place on that Century of Presbyterian Foreign Mis- continent as soon as the requested 'Sions measures can be adopted to effect that ONE hundred years of organized important end." Rev. John C. Low- Presbyterian Foreign Missions rie, from Western Theological Semiwere celebrated at the meeting of the nary, Pittsburgh, offered himself for General Assembly in Pittsburgh, May service in India, and on May 30, 1833, 28-June 3. The centennial of the or- sailed with Mrs. Lowrie for India.

ganization of the Board will be ob- served in 1937, but the Synod of Experiment in Missionary Education A Pittsburgh in 1831 organized the T THE Madison Avenue Church of Albany, N. Y., one Sunday eve- Western Foreign Missionary Society. The American Board of Commis- ning each month is set aside for mis- sioners for Foreign Missions (Congre- sionary education. Group meetings gational) was organized in 1810 and for informal discussion and questions for many years Presbyterian churches. are held; one group for men, one for sent their foreign mission gifts women, another for boys and girls of through the American Board. Strong high school age, and a fourth for feeling existed, however, that the work young people, the subject again being of foreign missions was an obligation presented at the regular evening serv- of the Church itself in its distinctive ice. Later motion pictures are shown character as a Church and that the and opportunity given for further dis- Assembly should organize its own cussion and questions. Three mission- Board of Foreign Missions. In 1831 aries, Rev. Boude C. Moore, of Japan, the Synod of Pittsburgh, realizing Dr. Taeke Bosch, of China, and Rev.

that the Church itself in its distinc- John D. Muyskens, of India, have as- tive character as a Church is a mis- sisted in the project. The Board of sionary society, organized the Western Foreign Missions has furnished excel- Foreign Missionary Society, and ap- lent motion pictures for $1.50 a reel.

pealed to the whole Church to make Information has been given and inter- sure of its work. The Rev. Dr. Elisha est stimulated in the countries stud- P. Swift was active in promulgating ied; also the meetings have given the the principle that "the work of foreign opportunity for the people, especially missions is not an optional interest the youth, to meet missionaries in w be left by the Church to individuals an informal way.-Christian Intelli- and voluntary associations." He was gencer.

Will the Protes,tant Episcopal Church lineup waiting for a "white collar job,"

Enter India? there are forty-two white men whl} THE committee of the National take precedence over him; if he is in Council of the Protestant Episcopal the unskilled labor group, he must Church reports a letter from the compete against fourteen. The high Archbishop of Calcutta, expressing turnover jobs are his and even here, again the hope that the Church in as well as in the traditional trades of the United States will undertake work his people, such as barbering, serving in India. The Rt. Rev. V. S. Azariah, as waiter, etc., there is a definite trend LL.D., Bishop of Dornakal, urges that to replace him by white labor. No the American Church begin work in matter what his work, his wage is. India in the Singareni area of Dorna- lower than that of the white man in a like position. So the Negro woman kal. turns earner. -Leila A. Rothenberger. Part of this area has been worked by the American Methodist Episcopal Mission but the Methodists have with- New Dry Daily Newspa.per T drawn and have turned over the en- HE New York City newspaper which Stanley High is organizing tire responsibility to the diocese of Dornakal. Bishop Azariah states that will be "first of all a newspaper, run they are unable to meet this new re- by newspaper men, under a hard- sponsibility without aid both in per- boiled business leadership," said Stan- sonnel and money. ley High after his resignation as ed- A forward step was taken by the itor of The Christian Herald was an- National Council by a report for ref- nounced.

erence to General Convention, asking According to present indications, he ,that consent be given to the under- said, the first issue of the new paper taking of the work outlined by the would appear this year. Approxi- Archbishop of Calcutta and the Bishop mately one-half of the $10,000,000 of Dornakal, on condition that suf- capital has been subscribed, and the ficient financial support can be secured rest is "hopefully in sight."

to carry it on for a trial period of "It is a mistake," he said, "to get three years at an approximate cost, in- the idea that this will be a prohibition cluding capital expenditure, of $15,000 newspaper. There are certain definite a year. issues, in my opinion, more pressing than prohibition. We intend to do The Most Courageous Woman more definite crusading on economic WHEN Dr. Edward A. Steiner and international issues than we do on toured Europe to find the man prohibition. And we shall give these lowest down, he found the greatest subjects as much news and editorial burden bearer to be the Slavic woman. space as we give to prohibition."

Recently a group of thirty-four peo- On the basis of recent research in ple, nineteen white and fourteen black, newspaper circulation Mr. High said toured our southern states in the first that he expected 100,000 paid subinterracial seminar on wheels. Going scribers, not including newstand buy- as a fact-finding group they, too, ers, before the first issue appeared.

found a woman-the most courageous The primary circulation emphasis, one in the United States. She is the moreover, will be outside New York Negro wife and mother. in the area beyond the commuting In a double sense, the Negro woman zone. Thus national and international is the bearer of her race. Besides issues will command more space than bearing children, she is forced, by the in current dailies, although city news economic conditions under which her will be covered "adequately." The people live, to join her husband as paper will appear every week day wage earner. If her husband is in the morning, but Sunday editions will be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

omitted. Its publishing plant will be of overcoming their SUspIcIon, scien- in the metropolitan area. A few "key tists have studied them very little.

men" of the staff have already been selected. If business conditions con- A Guayaquil Campaign I tinue to improve the first issue will N A Gospel campaign in Guayaquil, probably appear before 1932.-Herald- the Christian message was force- fully heralded to 120,000 Ecuadorians Tribune.

for fourteen days. Every day the two LATIN AMERICA leading papers of the country, El Tele- Progress in Tolerance grato and El Universo, published well- written announcements and invita- PROTEST ANT Christians have won tions to the "Templo Evangelico," and respect in Guatemala, as shown by 5,000 circulars were distributed daily. the fact that Protestants are in great These efforts, backed by prayer, demand as servants, bill collectors, brought together large adult assemoverseers and similar positions requir- blies. A meeting for men only was ing honesty and reliability; and by the attended by nearly a thousand repreclasses of people being reached. At sentative doctors, lawyers, city offifirst, only the down-and-outs who had cials, as well as artisans; perhaps the nothing to lose dared come to evan- largest group of men ever assembled gelistic services. The well-to-do would in Ecuador to hear the Gospel. In all not even come, like NicodBmus, by the after meeting,s, many knelt in renight. Gradually the literate class pentant prayer, and decided to accept began to come, then the intelligentsia. Christ. Over 1,200 meet every Sunday in Guatemala City to study the Bible and Brazilian Worker for Africa are not afraid of being called Protestants. In most outside towns meet- T HE Brazilian Church, in its comings can be held with no likelihood of parative youth, is planning to furinterference, and in any event support nish missionaries for Africa. The of officials can be relied upon. first to enter upon this service was Miss Celenia Pires Dantas, who went Another Uttermost Part to Angola over a year ago under the auspices of the Women's Missionary T HE New York Times announces a Society of the United Church of Can- special expedition into Bolivia to ada. Enthusiastic reports of her work study the last remaining remnants of have been received.

the Uro-Chipaya Indians. These Indi- Miss Dantas, a teacher in the Gov- ans, who were established in the high- ernment school in Campina Grande, lands of Peru and Bolivia, hundreds was converted about six year.s ago, and of years before the Incas of the Ay- has rendered efficient service in the maras or the Quechuas, live in miser- Sunday-school of her own town. The able round mud-huts with thatched Angola Mission is seeking additional dome-shaped roofs, scattered in small workers from Brazil, where the Por- groups on the desert between the tuguese language is spoken.

Andes and Lake Poopo, the same re- gion to which their ancestors were GENERAL exiled by the conquering Aymaras be- Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry fore the arrival ()f the Incas. In their A BOUT a year ago plans were made life of isolation, these Indians have t1 by leading Protestant laymen preserved many of the customs ob- (among whom was John D. Rockefel- served before the Spanish conquerors ler, Jr.), to conduct a thorough inves- arrived, and the women stm wear tigation of foreign missions as con- • dresses such as those found on pre- ducted by Protestant churches of the historic Peruvian mummies. Because United States at a cost of about 40 of their remoteness and the difficulty million dollars annually.

The executive committee appointed five denominations for their official at that time, headed by Albert L. approval. Scott, a leader among Baptist laymen, announces that 10 of the 12 members Three denominations, Congregaof the investigating commission have tional, Christian and United Brethren, now been named. They are: Dr. W. have recently organized the Evan- E. Hocking, professor of philosophy at gelical Church of Puerto Rico. This Harvard; Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sib- new church embraces a total of 36 naley, of Rochester, N. Y.; Miss Mary tive organized churches, with a to- E. Woolley, president of Mt. Holyoke tal membership of 3,518. The move- College; Dr. H. S. Houghton, dean of ment toward union originated in the the University of Iowa College of island, and with the full approval of Medicine; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, the Boards in the United States, the dean of the University of Indiana actual working out of details was left School of Medicine; Dr. Arlo A. with the Puerto Ricans and the few Brown, president of Drew University; missionaries on the field.-Federal Dr. W. P. Merrill, of the Brick Pres- Council Bulletin. byterian Church, New York City; Dr. Albert R. Mann, dean of Cornell Uni- Men and Missions Anniversary versity Agricultural College, and Dr. Rufus M. Jones, professor of philos- NOVEMBER 15, will mark the ophy at Haverford College. Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the meeting at which the Laymen's Mis- The names of the other two com- sionary Movement was launched in missioner.s will be announced later. the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian This commission will leave next Octo- Church, New York City, in 1906. It ber for a nine months' study of mis- is recommended that churches everysions in India, China, Japan and where commemorate this day as "Men Burma. and Missions Sunday," with sermons on some phase of the theme; with a More Ohurch Union layman to speak on the same topic for five or ten minutes; taking up this AREQUEST for the union of Con- subject in men's Bible classes and on gregational, Methodist and Pres- "the air" in order to call men to rebytErian churches in Australia was newed interest in the study of Chrismade in 1916. At a recent meeting tian missions at home and abroad. of the three churches under the leadership of the President-General of the An interdenominational men's meet- Methodist Church, negotiations took a ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue step forward. A committee was Presbyterian Church, New York, named to arrange a basis for federa- in the afternoon and simultaneous tion, and in the meantime there will men's meetings in other cities from be an interchange of pulpits in order coast to coast. Some of the foremost to further the process of unification. laymen and missionary leaders will speak concerning the world·wide mis- A Federation of Evangelical Church- sionary obligations of Christian men. es has now been formed in Brazil, as Probably the interest of men concernthe outgrowth of a meeting in Rio de ing their relation to the world work Janeiro (February 3d) attended by of Chri·st has increased a hundredfold representatives of the Presbyterian, in the past twenty-five years. It is Independent Presbyterian, Episcopal, probable that over 800,000 men will Congregational and Methodi·st bodies. listen in on the discussion over the Professor Erasmo Braga, a distin- radio next November. guished Protestant leader of Latin America, was elected Corresponding The offices of the Movement are Secretary of the new organization. located at 19 South LaSalle, St., Chi- cago, Ill. and at 419 Fourth Ave., New The constitution is now before the York City.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Archibald Orr Ewing-"That Faithful and maintain an intelligent missionary in- Wise Steward." By Marshall Broom- hall. 150 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland terest in his church in Nashville, Ten- Mission, and The Religious Tract So- ciety. London. 1931. nessee. He is also chairman of the There is no endowment so great as Executive Committee of Foreign Misthe memory .of sacrificial service. This "Faithful and Wise Steward," sions in the Presbyterian Church in was born in Liverpool 1857 and died in 1930 at Southampton. His long the U. S. Yet he insists in the introlife represented two periods of service in China in Shansi Province to the duction to this book that he is not "a North and Kiangsi the South. In 1911 he returned to England for health ims isvseiroynamryu·cehxpaenrte."xpeFrot ronallthtehaht~mhee reasons. Heir to his father's fortune he was not only an honorary mission- end of the world enterprise and pasary of the China Inland Mission, but a steward whose bounty made possible tors can learn from the volume how the expansion of the work at a critical period in the history of this Society. to approach people who have all kinds "As a missionary he knew a missionary's needs, and his gifts in the head- of difficulties about the work. It is a quartel'"s at Shanghai, in the school at Chefoo, in the sanatorium at Kuling, book, as good after a few years as toand in a hundred other ways, were for the efficient service, the well-being day, hence, it does not deal with and the comfort of his fellow-workers. In this way he became the beloved merely passing world conditions, exminister and servant of his brethren." cept by way of illustration. Several Such a life of sacrifice and devotion is insplrmg. Here is a present-day chapters are of peculiar importance illustration of a rich young man whom Jesus loved and who did forsake all for the present hour, such as the one to follow Him. Mr. Ewing's manly courage, bold evangelism, affectionate on "The Intolerant Christ" which furhome-life and cheerful disposition are outstanding characteristics. nishes a needed answer' to the easy S. M. Z. proposal that all religions shall be reckoned of equal value, and another on "The Creed to tChoensqoumeretwhheaWt sot>rilnd~"­ which deals with less suggestion that Christianity is whatever one likes to think it is and that it is so much a "way of living"

that it is not also a way of thinking.

~he book is instinct with common sense and Christian sagacity.

C. B. MeA.

HEy My Spirit." By Jonathan Goforth. 189 pp. Gospel Publishing House Springfield, Mo. 1931. '

Dr. Goforth after engaging for many years in various lines of mis- The Field Is the World. By James I. sionary labor in the province of Ho- Vance, D.D., LL.D. 164 pp. Presby- nan, North China, wi'th ever increasing terian Committee of Publication, Rich- emphasis on direct evangelism, re- mond, Va. 1930. sponded years ag,o to his conviction Dr. Vance is an experienced pastor that he had received a very clear call who has had much occasion to build and of God to a wider ministry, both to 637

nonChristians and to those already tions that portray in detail, disadvan- in the Christian Church. Invited to tages and evils which still handicap many parts of China to conduct re- the progress of a portion of the women vival meetings, he has not only called of India, even these sections' are free "sinners" to repentance, but has also from any taint of personal invective.

summoned the Christian "Pharisee An important place is given to Indian and Sadducee" to bring forth fruits agencies of reform, such as the Wom- meet for repentance in confession and en's Indian Association, and the All- reparation. It is of his manifold ex- India Conferences for Educational and perience and observation of results in Social Reform. Both in the sources this nation-wide ministry that Dr. referred to throughout the text, and Goforth writes in this book in copious in the bibliography, Indian and Euro- attest of his mature conviction that pean writers have been referred to the Spirit of God is the only power impartially, and the bibliography in- which can set pagan or Christian right cludes writers ranging all the way with God and with fellow man, and from British officials to the most transform the individual, the family ardent Nationalists. A. B. VAN D.

and the social relations of men on earth into the relations of the King- Seen and Heard in a Punjab Village. By dom of Heaven. While perhaps some- Miriam Young. 228 pp. 58. Student what over-critical of those who have Christian Movement Press. London.

not altogether. agreed with his meth- This is the story of how two English ods, and of his fellow-missionaries in women lived and worked f.or three general, he yet relates many telling years in village fashion, and by naincidents of the great Manchurian re- tural contacts with simple friendly vival and of subsequent local move- neighbors came nearer to understand ments of the Spirit in many places, the way the Indian villager looks leading up to his establishment of the at life and at the Christian message Canadian Presbyterian Church's new of the missionary. It is suggestive of Mission in Manchuria. The book will the simplicity of their effort that the contribute to the reader's assurance word mission and missionary seldom that the day of spiritual miracles has occurs in the story, written by one of not passed. them.

The Key of Progress: A Survey of the Nearly the entire first year was spent as a sort of apprenticeship, Status and Conditions of Women in In- satisfying curiosity, overcoming the handicap of being known as a for- dia. By Several Contributors. Edited eigner, making friends and studying by A. R. Caton with a Foreword by H. E. the Lady Irwin. 7s. 6d. Oxford University Press. London.

Here in small compass, are the main how to adapt the message to the men- facts concerning the life and progress tality of the listeners, and how to get of Indian women. It is a survey, them to listen. The whole book de- packed with information presented in lights the reader by its fresh, intimate a highly concentrated form, and care- and readable account of Punjab village fully organized and documented. The life, and there is much of genuine subjects dealt with are education, missionary interest in the attempt of health, marriage and home life, the the writer to sum up the value of the social evil, rural life, and the place of mass movement. The last chapter, women in industry. A complete and "How We Tried to Present Religion,"

well arranged bibliography adds to will be read more than once by many the value of the book. workers in the foreign field as they This study has been made from a seek to know what was and what was purely objective and scientific stand- not accomplished by this unusual outpoint. While there are certain por- pouring of loving sacrifice. J. C.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The Grass Roof. By Younghill Kang. Concessions at AmDY and Chinkiang, 367 pp. $3.00. Scribner's. New York. and for the Reorganization of the 1931. Shanghai Provisional Court, the Brit- ish Boxer Indemnity Agreement, and This life story of a young Korean the documents relating tD the SinD- Russian railway dispute. is as refresbing as a mountain breeze. ~e treatment of the Christian The author, with fine powers of de- Movement in China (pp. 307-319) is rather inadequate when compared scription, graphically tells of his birth with other sections, but it is up-tD- date and sympathetic. There is an inin a little village in Northern Korea teresting "Who's Who" of the present luminaries on the Chinese political shortly before the Russia-Japan War. hDrizon; there are no maps and the general index is not full. S. M. Z. He describes the poverty, and yet the simple dignity ·of his parents, and his own life of varied adventures, strug- gles to secure an education, imprison- ment by the Japanese police when he championed the independence move- ment, and a voyage to America with a friendly missionary. He rightly says: Confucius and Confucianism. By Richard "The life that I have lived, with all Wilhelm, translated by G. H ..and A. P. Danton. 176 pp. $1.75. Harcourt, the joys and sorrows, is an interesting Brace and Ce. New Yerk.

life. . . . My one aim is to tell the hu- The life of Confucius as recorded by man story of one man, made up with Sse-Ma Ch'ien, the early Chinese his- the stuff called love, hatred, smiles and torian, and the writings of Confucius tears. All I can do is to tell this sin- and his followers from the basis of cerely and frankly, for life has always this compact volume. Extracts are seemed to me bigger than anything quoted from the classics to illustrate else." It is a charming narrative, and his teachings. The renderings of the it gives the reader a clearer under- original are free and in many cases standing of the ability and aspira- are very different frDm the actual tions of many educated young Kore- texts, and the translators point out ans. A. J. B. that Wilhelm "was an extremist in his The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. attitude toward the Chinese ethics." G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. Simpkin, Marshall, Ltd., London. For the sake of accuracy, his work This is the thirteenth issue of an should be compared with renditions of up-to-date encyclopedia of infDrmation and is accepted as the standard Legge and others. However this is authority 'On things Chinese. The editDr has had the CODperation of a num- a good introduction to the Confucian ber of experts including two Dr three writers on missiDnary topics. In ad- classics and a fascinating sketch ditiDn to the usual informatiDn on geDgraphy, statistics, shipping, public 'Of the great sage. It will also help health, expDrts and imports, communications, finance, etc., there is a chap- beginners to understand Islam in ter on religions, 'On present government and the system 'Of National edu- China and the sway that Confuciancation. Among the documents in the new issue are: the CDnventiDn for the ism has exerted. The short bibli- RenditiDn of Weihaiwei, the Sino- American Aviation CDntract, the new ography at the end of the book is of Copyright and Insurance Laws, the new French, Japanese, Greek and value. C. L. P. Czecho-Slovakian Treaties, the Agreements for the Rendition of the British Which Way Religion1 By Harry F. Ward. 221 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1931.

We need a practical religion that affects all aspects of life. To accom- plish this Prof. Ward urges that the principles of Jesus must be accepted and applied or civilization will inevi- tably go down.

Dr. Ward differentiates between the principles of Jesus and present-day

organized Christianity. The difficulty by the Mission CQnference in Saxony.

is not that most people willfully dis- It is a neat little volume of 153 pages.

regard Him. It is that they do not The editor is pastor Wm. Gerber. The know Him. The basic fact in Ameri- book contains a number of very can life has been the making of informing and useful articles on mis- money. The god "Success" is wor- sion subjects, a cQmprehensive sur- shipped, consciously or unconsciously. vey 'Of Lutheran missions for the This has resulted in the deification of preceding year and very accurate sta- the machine. The author's theory is tistics 'Of missions as carried on by that ethical development should be the mission groups in Germany, Australia first concern 'Of religion. As Chris- and America. It is the most com- tianity becomes ethical, life will be prehensive work of its kind.

enlarged, and the deeper values will Christus an Torii und Pagode. function more fully. One wonders if the author believes that the ethical Devaranne. Leopold Klotz, Publisher, can do all that he claims. Surely Gotha. 270 pages. Price $2.00. The there is more in Christianity than author, already well known, here gives us a book dedicated to those among animated ethics. the educated, whQ despise foreign mis- Salvation, according to this view, is sions, but still have a sense of re- ligious values. He offers theoretical not a gift but a search. To trust considerations and practical discusmoney makers to bring in a good life sions and much documentary material. for the world is as foolish as to ex- He discusses foreign missions as to pect medicine men toO bring back health motives and results and defends them toO suffering humanity. J. F. R.

Everyland Children-Candy and Love. By against modern doubts and opposition.

Lucy W. Peabody. 60 pp. 25 cents. NEW BOOKS Central Committee. No. Cambridge, Mass. 1930. Hinterlands of the Church. Elizabeth R.

Nothing is more important than the Hooker. 314 pp. $2.50. Institute of training .of children to know God as Social and Religious Research. New He is made known to us in Jesus York. Christ and to be in real sympathy with the wQrk that Christ came intQ the The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. WQrld to do. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Mrs. Peabody has brought 'Out the Coral. Charlotte Murray. 255 pp. 28, 6d. seventh little bQQk toO pr.omote an Pickering & Inglis. London. understanding friendship among the children of the world. Five of these Annual Report-Home :Missions Council, 1931. 72 pp. Home Missions Council. New York.

interesting stories tell of child-life in Charles to Stndd. Thomas B. Walters. fQreign lands. This latest one intro- Belgian Congo. Edited by Richard P.

duces us to a brother and sister in An Index to the Holy Bible. 35 cents. India, named Candy and Love. We Bible Institute Colportage Association.

learn what they wore, what they ate, Chicago.

what they were interested in, and how Korea, the Old and the New. Ellasue they learned about Jesus and passed Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell. New the g.oQd news along. A clever touch York.

at the end shows that Mrs. PeabQdy The Outlined Acts. Robert Lee. 114 pp. understands how toO get reactions 3s. Pickering & Inglis. London.

frQm little readers, and a1sQ how toO The Pool of Sacriftce. Josephine Hope turn these ~eactions toO good accoOunt. Westervelt. 219 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. E. B. D. P. Religion and Civilization in West Africa.

A Lutheran Mission Yearbook, 1931 J. J. Cooksay and Alex. McLeish. 277 pp. Maps. 58. Worid Dominion Press. is the 44th annual yearboQk published London.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1931

ONARY

Nearly Seven MiDion LET YOUR GIfT Dollars in to Foreign Missions Annuity Agreements ·PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Issued By You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- The Mission Boards of the sions and have a needed income for yourself Methodist Episcopal Church and others from the money you give by the WHY? Annuity Gift Plan Because the Annuity Plan Provides: This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested A sound investment funds and assures yoU a fixed income of A guaranteed income for life A gift to Home and Foreign Missions 4!% to 9% per year For further information write: for the rest of your life W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Protect yourself against loss through St., Philadelphia, Pa., or un wise i"1vestmentsand at the same time MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board help s~nd the gospel to all the wurld. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New For full 1·n./ormation write York, N. Y. Erne.t F. Hall» Secretary.. Dept. of Annuiti•• BOARD -OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

IS6 Fifth Avenue, New York "No One Loves a Leper"

groaned the blind leper, Durdeshi, who had been cruelly driven from home by family and friends, and had traveled 60 weary miles in a rickety cart over rough roads, to reach a Leper Mission Hospital.

"There are many who love you-and God loves you, too," was the kind reply.

"Vho is this God and who are these people who can love a poor blind leper?"

he asked.

****** vVeeks passed; Durdeshi's pain-racked body was eased. He attended the Mission church services to find out about the strange God who had told his followers to "Cleanse the lepers."

Soon he decl..red his eagerness to be a fotIower of this loving Christ. Now his face shines -not alone with the bright tropical sun-but with joy and peace and health. All because Christ taught his followers to love and care for the 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – l lepers! At 150 Leper Colonies in 40 countries, the I AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS, Inc. Mission to Lepers is giving physical and Room 1119 K, 156 Fifth Ave., New York spiritual aid to these sufferers. But I I enclose $………… to show that some one I loves a leper.

BECAUSE OF LACK OF FUNDS I MANY MUST BE TURNED AWAY I Name …………………•.•…..••..•…..

-still believing as Durdeshi did, that "No I one loves a leper:' I Address ………….•………•….•••.••. I IJleasp IlWIltion THE lIISHIO~.RY IOJVIEW or.' THE ~ORL]) in writing- to uc1'~('rtisf'rs. COMING EVENTS REVIEW OF THE WORLD June 3-8-NoRTHERN BAPTIST CONVEN- TION, Kansas City, Mo. DELAYAN L. PIERSON, Editor June 4-GENERAL SYNOD, REFORMED CONTENTS-June, 1931 CHURCH IN AMERICA, Asbury Park, N. J. Page IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE ….. . June 8-20-INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. Under the joint auspices ………•……… ROBERT E. SPEER 405 of the American Friends Service Committee and one of the Friends' MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES .. Colleges near Philadelphia. For in- formation write to American Friends . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • MRS. DONAI,D h~RASER 409 Service Committee, 20 South 12th St., Philadelphia. ARE OUR MISSIONARY METHODS WRONG? …..•.. PAUL W. HARRISON 415 June 19-23–CONVENTION, WOMEN'S GEN- ERAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES" UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH at …………… HUGH THOlllSON KERR 421 Everett, Wash.

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY June 20-30-THE DECENNIAL CONFER- YEARS ….. MRS. .JOHN M. SPRINGER 426 ENCE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Hotch- kiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut. SIAM-THE LAND OF KING PRAJAD· HIPOK ….. : …… GEORGE T. SCOTT 431 June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION Switzerland. LANDS …………….. THE EDITOR 435 June 22-26 – WORLD CONFERENCE ON AN UNHOLY FESTIVAL IN INDIA .,. STEWARDSHIP. For information com- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IVA M. FISH 444 municate with the Rev. John A. Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 MISS SUSIE SORAB.JI OF POONA …. 445 East 22d Street, New York City. METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, . . . . " EDITED RY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 447 CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash• SI()N BULLETIN ……………… 455 June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Silver Bay, N. Y. WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 461 BOOKS WORTH READINC' ……….. 477 June 29-July 6 – GENEVA SUMMER •SCHOOL OF MISSIONS at Geneva, Wisc. For information address: Mrs. George P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chicago, ID.

TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs 01 WANTED-AN ORGAN FOR TAIKU five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, "Do you know of someone who can give an organ to the Nam San church 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMp at Taiku 1" writes Rev. Henry M. Bruen, of the Presbyterian Mission in Korea. PANY, INC. All rights reserved. This congregation has recently completed a new church building and just before THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING Christmas raised 1,800 yen, which repre- COMPANY, INC. sents much sacrificial gi'ling, and they still need yen 1,700 to wipe out the defi- RonmaT E. SP:BlBlB} President cit. Pastor Yi and his people are very eager to have a good organ to help with 'WILLIAlII I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vlce-Pre.Ment the music-one that has been in use will be best as such a gift can be entered free DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of duty. If you can make such a gift or WALTER McDOUGALlJ, Treasurer know of someone who will, please write to the Rev. Henry M. Bruen, and send Publication Office. lid & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, the organ to The American Presbyterian Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Mission, Taiku, Chosen. Mark "gift" and used, or not new. It may be for- Editorial and Business Omce, 156 Fifth Avenue, warded through The Presbyterian Board New York City of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Entered as second·class matter lit the Post Omce, Harrisburg, PII., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS time in Africa and in India, also making a brief visit to the Philippines, China, MRS. AIJA LEE, at the age of seventy- Korea and Japan. . five still carries on her loving work for * ,. .. the children of India. With her husband, the Rev. D. H. Lee, she established the MISS VICTORIA E. MACARTHUR, M.D., Lee Memorial Mission in Calcutta in memory of their six children who were Presbyterian missionary in India since killed when a mountainside gave way in 1899, has been awarded the Kaiser-I. Darjeling. Hind medal.· Dr. MacArthur is in charge *** of the Mary Wanless Hospital- MR. W. J. W. ROOME, recently left ,. * … London for Africa which he has crossed from east to west and back ten or twelve of RKEVr?.oACNDoaMstRDS.isWtrAicLtT, EaRreBr.eWtuIrLnLiInAgMtS~ times. He was born in Birmingilam, Amenca because of disturbed conditions England, on April 16, 1865, son of the in Liberia. Rev. W. J. B. Roome. Since he retired from business as an architect, at the * * .. age of fifty, he has made many mission- DR. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, correary journeys on behalf of the British sponding secretary of the Methodist and Foreign Bible Society. He has now gone out as an advance guard for a party Episcopal Board of Fmeign Missions, of missionary pioneers on behalf of the Heart of Africa Mission. who has been in Asia as consultant to the Laymen's Missionary Inquiry, re- turned to the United States on April 8.

OBITUARY *** MISS SUSIE SORABJI, Principal of the THE REV. WILLIAM H. MCCANCE, for- St. Helena High School, Poona, India, merly a missionary in India under the died on March 15th. She was the daugh- American Board of Commissioners, has been elected Associate Secretary of the ter of Rev. Sorabji Kharsedji, a famous Committee of Reference and Counsel of Christian converted Parsee. the Foreign Missions Conference. * .. * MISS EMILY N. FORMAN, a missionary of the Board of Missions of the Presby- *** terian Church in India, died on April MR. GEORGE AZARIAH, the second son of the Bishop of Dornakal, was one of 11th in Louisville, Ky. She was on furtwenty-one men who were ordained to the order of deacon recently in India. lough from the mission field and since He is going to work in the TinneveJly 1892 had been principal of the Presby- Diocese, where his grandfather lived and terian mission school at Fatehgarh, In- dia. .. ,. … .. .. worked some years ago. THE REV. F. A. STEVEN, who went to '" China in 1883 and had given forty-eight DR. J. H. RITSON, after 31 years as years of his life in service f{)r the evan- gelization of the Chinese, died recently. Secretary of the British and Foreign A few weeks before Mr. Steven passed Bible Society, has resigned because of away, the Rev. Stanley Smith, who went out to China in 1885 with Mr. D. E. illness. *~ * Hoste, W. W. Cassels and other members of the famous "Cambridge Seven," died. DR. IDA B. S. SCUDDER, niece of Dr. Mr. Smith had severed his connection with the China Inland Mission about Ida Scudder, has joined the staff of the twenty-five years ago.

Woman's Medical College at Vellore, India. This makes fifteen Scudders in the mission fields of India.

** *** Mit. J. MERLE DAVIS, Secretary of the MRS. FREDERICK G. BOWIE, of the Scotrecently created Department of Social tish Mission at Tangoa, New Hebrides, and Industrial Research and Counsel, died January 19th, as the result of blood under the International Missionary poisoning. Council, was pre!!ent at a meeting of the Committee on Reference and Counsel and * explained the work and plans of the Department in considerable detail. He has A CORRECTION returned to Geneva. Dr. Melvin Grove Kyle, the well-known archreologist, calls our attention to an *** error in our February number (pages 130 to 131) referring to an ancient lamp MR. LESLIE B. Moss, Secretary of the and an alleged discovery of a tablet with Committee of Reference and Counsel has an inscription to show that these were been authorized to visit some of the mis- foot lamps. Dr. Kyle says that this story sion fields. Suggestions regarding work is an absolute fabrication, containing no that ought to be studied on such a trip truth so far as he is concerned. The will be heartily welcomed. He anticipates spending a major portion of the statement was quoted from "The Banner."

"ORANNIES" AT HOME-(SEE PAGE

HET,PING TO MAKE RETTER AFUTCANS AT 'rHE I,QUnON MTSfHON HOSPTTAl,

LIV, No.6 June

THE'MISSIONARY 1f,eWO .. ~~ IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of "Some Lit'ing Issucs/' Etc.

T HAT depends on what we pose of true open conversion as a mean by evangelism. If we definite part of the missionary aim mean some particular method but there are others who have no of making the Gospel known and zeal to do so. They say that it is of trying to win men to Christian no part of their effort to get Hill- faith, undoubtedly that method dus to give up Hinduism and to may become ineffective and anti- become Christians, or Buddhists to quated. But if we mean not some abandon Buddhism and become particular method but the thing it- Christians, but that their desire is self, then it will never become out to see men become better men and of date. Men who believe the Gos- to find God where they are. They pel will proclaim it, and will do so wish to see Hinduism and Budwith a view to leading other men dhism christianized and not to see deliberately to accept Jesus Christ Hindus and Buddhists made Chrisas their Lord and Saviour and to tians.

become His disciples. Mr. Gandhi has of late carried It is not to be denied, however, this idea to the limit. He declares that conversion from one religion that there are many in the church to another is wrong and he is esand out of the church today who pecially critical of Christian misdisavow or discredit the idea of sions and of their schools and evangelism and who do regard it hospitals because they are trying as out of date, meaning by evan- to convert men to the Christian gelism the effort to make men faith. The Indian Social Reformer Christian, to get them to accept has published a number of articles and confess Christ and to join the maintaining this position and its Christian church. A recent mis- editor, Mr. Natarajan, one of the sionary magazine article declares best men in India, has gone so far of missionary policy in India, "Our as to appeal for political prohibiprimary aim is not to bring Indians tion of religious proselytism. Here to outward conformity to a rite or to membership in the visible are his very words in his issue of church." Probably the writer of this particular article would give March 29, 1930: a meaning to the word "primary" The conception of sovereignty in a which would still retain the pur- monarchy is not a wholly secular one, 405

and there must be something in the cause all these religions had a beconditions attaching to it to indicate ginning. If there can be no cona spiritual contact between the sov- version from an old faith to a new, ereign and the subject. It is against what warrant was there for Islam the immemorial tradition of India to or Buddhism or all modern forms impose a disability on any religion. of Hinduism in the first instance? We cannot ask that the King of the Indian Dominion should not profess As a matter of fact the issue the Christian faith. But we think really turns on what we conceive India may and should ask that the Christianity to be and whether we Coronation Oath should contain a sol- believe that we have in Christ emn undertaking on the part of the something that every man ought sovereign to be the protector of the to have. If we conceive Christianancient religious faiths of this coun- ity to be the universal and unique try. The present principle of religious and indispensable message of the neutrality must be replaced by a prin- salvation wrought for the world in ciple of active and appreciative pro- Christ and in Him alone, and if we tection. The most important conse- see in Christ the only way to the quence of the change will be that Father, the only Light of the world, organized religious pro·selytism, hav- the Way, the Truth and the Life, ing for its purpose the seduction of then we cannot help ourselves. We his majesty's subjects from their an- must make Him known with the urgent desire to have Him accepted cestral faiths will be barred, as the by all men and to have all men King being the protector of all reli- unite themselves to Him and to gions, cannot let one of them wage one another in Him. war against another. This is the missionary aim. As But the principles involved in several of our foreign mission this view are untenable. In the boards have put it in their manfirst place such a view freezes hu- uals: man thought. There can be no change. What one has believed or The supreme and controlling aim of what one's fathers have believed Foreign Missions is to make the Lord we must continue to believe. In Jesus Christ known to all men as their the second place, if it is replied Divine Saviour and to persuade them that only religion is in mind, one to become His disciples; to gather answers that religious truth is not these disciples into Chri·stian churches different from other truth. If we which shall be self-propagating, selfare bound to give up what is er- supporting, self-governing; to cooproneous in our ideas of physics or erate, so long as neces·sary, with these geography or philosophy when we churches in the evangelizing of their find the truth, we are bound like- countrymen, and in bringing to bear wise to exchange error for truth in on all human life the spirit and prinreligion. In the third place, if it ciples of Christ. is said that religious truth is unattainable or unprovable, we reply And this ideal includes the defithat our conviction is otherwise, nite association of men in the open but that if it is so then there can and declared fellowship of the surely be no warrant for holding Christian church. All permeation fast to our old religion just be- of life and thought by the Chriscause it is old. In the fourth place tian spirit, all movement of the this view is self contradictory, be- national mind toward Christ and acceptance of His ideals is to the

IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE

good. All development of person- disembodied national influence.

alities Christward, whether they Well, it cannot. Alas! this kind separate themselves from old loy- of religious genius is not confined alties and follow Christ openly and to China. It has been one of the alone or not, is hopeful. But these hindrances and obstacles in the are not enough. Some think they way of the church always and are. In some mission fields one everywhere.

meets with the idea that Christian- Albert Schweitzer deals with ity can exist without any organized this idea of a partial evangelism in a striking passage in "On the Edge body and especially without any of the Primeval Forest." He is local congregational organization. contrasting the Protestant and Ro- There are some indeed who think man Catholic missionary policies that this idea is to be one of the and says: contributions of the "Chinese religious genius," which as one Chi- If I had to distinguish between the nese writer says, "insists that aims which the two keep before them, I should say the Protestant mission religion should be left to individual puts in the first place the building up inclination and achievement with- of Christian personalities, while the out organized propaganda and pub- Catholic has in mind before all else lic worship of any sort."" The the establishment on solid foundations preface to the "China Christian of a church. The former object is the Year Book" for 1926 calls atten- higher one, but it does not take suf· tion to this tendency in the Chi- nese Christian mind. Summariz- ficient account of realities. To make ing the main features of the the work of training permanently sucpresent situation in the survey of cessful, a firmly established church, the year, it says: which grows in a natural way with the increase in the number of Christian The chief note struck with re- families, is necessary. gards to Christianity, where there is articulation at least, is the desire to If we cannot be satisfied with a understand and follow Christ's way of conception of evangelism, which life. This includes another promising stops with open Christian personsign that, in spite of the comparative alities and does not go on to the lack of cohesion in the Christian Move- church, still less can we be satisment as a whole, there Is a slowly fied with a view which stops short growing desire and effort to promote of open Christian personalities and Christian fellowship as distinct from is content with the permeation of and above the claims and efforts of society with Christian ideals, deecclesiastical, denominational or the- ological unity. It is felt by some that sirable as that is. It is desirable this higher and freer Christian fel- but it is not first and it cannot be lowship is possible even though intel- enough.

lectual and ecclesiastical unity is It may indeed be that in some hardly a practical question at the pres- lands we shall have to wait for ent time. large open accessions to the church According to this view local self- until there has been a deeper seep- supporting churches are not nec- age of Christian truth into the naessary; the church can exist as a tional thought and life. Sir Charles .. The China Christian Year Book, 1926, p. Trevelyan, who lived long in In- 276. dia, thought that this would be the

method of India's evangelization. ments of evangelism which are di- He says: rected primarily at the winning of individuals to Christian faith and Many persons mistake the way in discipleship. These churches are which the conversion of India will be not content to remain in old nubrought about. I believe it will take merical trenches. On the other place at last wholesale, just as our own hand they are making it their priancestors were converted. The coun- mary aim to bring Chinese and try will have Christian instruction in- Japanese "to membership in the fused into it in every way by direct visible church." They are not conmissionary education, and indirectly tent to "pervade and transform by books of various sorts, through the present-day interpretations of Conpublic newspapers, through conversa- fucianism and Buddhism" or to tion with Europeans, and in all the pervade society with Christian conconceivable ways in which knowledge ceptions. These things indeed they is communicated. Then at last when rejoice to see. But they are drivsociety is completely saturated with ing straight at the conversion of Christian knowledge, and public opin- men and women to Christ, believion has taken a decided turn that way, ing that this will be the most efthey will come over by thousands. fective way to permeate and uplift the life and thought of the land. It may be so. But our approach is by person to person. Let all the Methods of evangelism come and general influences operate and be go. Whitefield and the Wesleys operated that can suffuse national found the methods that were ef- 'and racial minds with Christian fective in their time; Finney and truth and the Spirit of Christ. But Moody in theirs. We must find at the beginning and throughout those that are effective in our own the centuries and today the pri- time. But the essential thing is the mary and effective mIssIOnary same. And we need today in the method at home and abroad is the church at home, as well as in all contact of individual with indi- our missions at home and abroad, vidual. This is the evangelism of to see this, and to go after men and the New Testament and it never women, one by one, or in the has been and never will be out of groups and companies in which date. they are accessible, and to relate them to Christ and Christ to them On the contrary, this is the su- in the elemental reality of the Gospreme need everywhere today. The pel of the New Testament and of national churches in China and all time. Japan have discerned this and have launched their own move- THE MISSIONARY o matchless honor all unsought, High privilege surpassing thought, That Thou shouldst call me, Lord, to be Linked in work-fellowship with Thee; To carry out Thy wondrous plan, To bear Thy messages to man; In trust with Christ's own word of grace To every soul of the human race.

-Selected.

A WASHING LESSON IN A M01'TTJ1JR CTLT"l' SCHOOL, CJ1JNTRAI. AF'RfCA

MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES BY MRS. DONALD FRASER, Edinburgh, Scotland /l or 'l'h irt /J l'Cu.r8 {I M-i8siunarl/ iu the {,i.1'inn~ to"i(l. M18Hion of the Ut1 itnl Free P-r p.shytt:ria tl. C hu rch of SCOtlWllU T HE sound of a gentle artificial ing; on mine, news of my children cough coming from the veran- in far away Scotland, with a gram- dah announces visitors. I go ophone entertainment possibly and out to greet two or three old ladies a parting gift of a handful of salt who have settled comfortably down to each. Then with friendly fareon the floor and announce that they wells we part. have come to gossip with their mother. The gossip is very inno- As I watch them going down the cent on their part, news of the path the memory comes of a day crops and their neighbors, of sick- when, as a newcomer, I sat on anness in the village and tax gather- other verandah in Central Africa and listened to a discussion going 40Q

on between two missionaries about Her native name being difficult to the difficulty of reforming some of waster, she was called and rethe tribal customs. The blame was mained through life, Mrs. Pettilaid at the doors of the older wom- grew, after a Scottish friend whom en. "You'll never get things she resembled. changed till you hang all the old women first!" emphatically an- Mrs. Pettigrew and a few others nounced one of the men. A vital formed the first women's class truth underlay the hyperbolic lan- taught by their dona (white womguage. None were so determined an). The dona's language was in their opposition to progress, doubtless very poor but so was the their rigid adherence to old cus- intelligence displayed by the class. toms and taboos. I had to admit A parable was carefully gone over how unlovely I had found it pos- each week but no trace of the lessible for old age to be, as I had son seemed to remain in their watched some unattractive faces minds by the following week. They upon which the passing years had cheerfully explained that they were left traces of stupidity and evil women and therefore stupid and mindedness, bestiality and cruelty. unable to learn or remember what In others, ·with less evidence of they were taught. Almost in deevil, the hopelessness and dejection spair one day I insisted that surely were almost as saddening. Least something had stuck to them "No, attractive of all I had found the mama," said Mrs. Pettigrew, shakgreedy begging heathen widows of ing her head "it's all gone. Satana chiefs, whose visits to the mission has come and picked up all the were actuated by the desire for seeds sown last week." This statesalt, soap and calico for which they ment brought unexpected cheer, shamelessly clamored. On the oth- for it revealed that something after hand some old friendless slave er all had been absorbed. The parwomen, pathetically grateful for able of the previous week having any little kindness shown, embar- been that of the sower who sowed rassed the white woman terribly by the wayside. by the way they rolled over and over in the dust at her feet in Their First Prayers thanks for some trifling gift. Old and past work and able to bring no That class was the nucleus of return present, it astonished them the Christian women's class which that they should receive anything. in later years was a regular part of the Sunday program. It always In delightful contrast to these contained a good proportion of old was the motherly friendliness of women, more free than the young an elderly Christian woman who mothers to attend, and their progused to turn up at the mission ress, collective and individual, house in time for family prayers on though slow, was interesting to Sunday. She used to kiss the white watch. When they first took part woman's hands in a way you never in prayer their words were strongsee done in Africa except to babies. ly reminiscent of prayers uttered She would admire her clothes, turn- in public worship by the men. One ing her round for inspection. She woman echoed faithfully her huswould taste a sample of European band's invariable beginning "0 cooking and smile benignantly. God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob. You are the all-knowing.

MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES

You know the things of the past, "But," I protested, "you yourand of the future, the things of selves all said this was clean and above and the things of earth," and white." "Ah, but mama, we hadn't so on. But gradually as their reli- seen the really beautiful white gion became better understood, a cloth then. Now we see that the simpler and a more personal thing, other one is dirty. Before, it looked their prayers developed the same clean because we had been looking note: at the very dirty one."

"Father God," prayed one of I pressed home the lesson and them, "we are surprised at ourselves. When we are here in the finally a woman prayed "Truly, a class we know quite well you are here too, and want to be with us all God, did we ever know before that the time. And then we go home we were so soiled? But we have after church and forget all about been looking at the whiteness of you in our village." J esu Kristu and we want you to wash us white like Him." Another used to pray for their teacher "that God would give her The women of the Gospel narrastrength to cook for them Sunday tive interested the Africans greatly by Sunday, that their souls might -Mary, Elizabeth and that home be fed." (strange to Africans) where two sisters lived with their brother and The lessons had to be very simple rejoiced in the friendship of Jesus. so that the old women, as well as We went over the women of the some of the more intelligent young- Old Testament too and one realized er ones, might take them in. We that they entered into and underused eye gate, as well as ear gate to stood their lives better perhaps impress on them the necessity for than we of more advanced civilizataking Jesus Christ as our stand- tion. Very human and deserving ard, and not be content to compare of sympathy to them were the ourselves with our heathen neigh- childless women, and over their bors. I went to the class with a faces passed expressions of relief dish cloth which an African table and delight when they heard that boy would assert to be clean, and at last a child came and the reanother which I had wet and proach of barrenness had been rerubbed in the dirt. I asked which moved. They knew all about the was clean. Everyone pointed to the scornful contempt of the rival wife first. "But is it really clean?" Oh with children and too rare were yes, mama and they drew my at- husbands, like Hannah'S, who tried tention to its contrast to the other. to comfort instead of neglecting her. That God should concern Him- Then you would call this a white self with the choice and manner of cloth ?" life of the woman chosen to become the mother of one of His great They all assented. servants astonished and encour- "Well now, what about this?" I aged them. asked, as I drew from my bag a square of spotless white nainsook. The old ladies were frequent at- "That! 0 that's a beautiful white tenders at hospital and knowing cloth." their poverty we often exempted "Like this?" I inquired holding them from the small fee patients up the dishcloth. "No, that's dirty. were supposed to pay. Yet, again This last is really white." and again, when they had been let

off fees-sometimes because of Changora," I would protest, "It is their protests-they would turn up my hospital. I am hostess, there- at our dwelling house with a fowl fore I should greet my guests."

or a basket of food and present it "No," she would patiently ex- to me-"a gift, not fees"-for the plain "You don't sleep here. I do, Africans' loyalty and gratitude therefore it is my house; therefore centers round persons rather than I greet. You-the guest. When I institutions. But as an institution come to your house then you can the hospital was popular with them greet me."

-where else could you get such I had frequent opportunities of luxuries as two meals a day regu- so doing. She used to arrive, ask lar and sufficient, a supply of salt, for the family, slip an egg into the and a blanket at night? The con- hands of each and present any that trast with their hand to mouth ex- were left to me. She would never istence in the village sometimes sell eggs to me-wherein she was made it a struggle to prevent the unconsciously wise, for I might hospital from becoming an old have tested and rejected them as ladies' home, especially in times of not fresh. As it was, I had always scarcity. What they saw and ex- to thank her politely and give a re- perienced there shook their faith turn present of salt. Sometimes in the old native regime. before our great communion gath- For several years an old woman erings she would arrive to consult named Changora acted as cook, me as to what she should wear. As mother or matron there. Engaged her entire wardrobe consisted of a first to attend to a friendless epi- tattered cloth she wore around her, leptic girl who was badly burned, the advice inevitably took the form she was later initiated into the of a present of a new cloth-given mysteries of bringing up a mother- with the injunction not to tell any- less grandchild by bottle feeding one where she had got it. Chan- and proudly she used to display gora would not and knowingly this miraculously reared Wendy to stuck her present securely out of admiring and almost incredulous sight, somewhere beneath her rags.

friends. Later she posed as an ex- She would turn up looking respec- pert on rearing orphan infants, table for the services but too often while superintending the efforts of afterwards I would see the new others who came for the same pur- cloth adorning one of the grand- pose. While the doctor tried to en- children to whom she was devoted.

lighten the ignorance of the people Still, an occasional cloth was a on medical matters, Changora cheap form of pension for a retired strove to improve the doctor's hospital matron.

shocking neglect of social etiquette. During the first great "Flu" epi- When I entered the hospital in the demic that penetrated into Central morning I distressed her by greet- Africa I heard that she was ill and ing my waiting patients. She went to see her, bringing bovril would follow me into my consulting and fruit and a warm flannel jack- room, shutting the door that her et. I found her lying on a mat on reproof might not be overheard, the floor and realized she was seri- and say to me, "It is not your place ously ill, but I refrained from to say good morning to us. You speaking till she opened her eyes wait till we greet you." "But, and greeted me and I half thought

there was a humorous twinkle in When I used to slip along from the her eyes at my having learned the hospital to her house to get a reetiquette prescribed in visiting. freshing cup of tea, Makachibene When I gave her the jacket she in- was often about. Occasionally quired (recognizing it as a hospital there would be an interval when one) whether it was a loan or a we heard she had an angry fit on. present. I assured her it was her But I think the sense of being loved own, knowing no one would after- and cared for by God and His peowards wear what had been worn ple brought peace and healing to by those who died. But she shook her spirit for these attacks became her head when I wanted to help milder and finally stopped, leaving her to put it on. "I am going to her affectionate and childlike with our Father God," she w~ispered. a shy, happy smile flitting across I suggested it might not be at that her face whenever one spoke to time and said I would return next her. day. But on the morrow I was met by a Christian woman who had When in the less busy time of been with her when she had passed the year we used to have a school away half an hour before. In the for women, this old lady was one village her little grandchild was of the most regular attendants. wearing the jacket (it reached to She sat in the lowest class-where his ankles, the sleeves engulfed his the pupils were mostly the oldest arms) which his unselfish granny -and never managed to learn her had put aside for him, considering syllables. When the teacher it too good to waste on a dying pointed to the board her eyes folwoman. lowed the pointer hopefully, but failing to recognize the mysterious As I left the village, I remem- sign it indicated, she would glance bered a time when the poor, tired round the class to see what sound cld woman had begged to be re- their lips were forming and just a lieved of the task of looking after perceptible interval after the othan orphan. But she was indispen- ers, she said it too and then glanced sable and it had to be pointed out at me for approbation. But though to her that her "holiday from nurs- years of attendance failed to make ing babies" might mean the death her a reader, she enjoyed the lesof the little one and in as much as sons in Bible stories, cooking, talks she was doing this service for it, about health and the upbringing of she was doing it for Christ. And children. loyalty to Him had won and she resumed her task, asking only for the Is It Worth While ~ assurance that when she died and passed beyond He would greet her A visitor to the mission school with the words "Come in Chan- once suggested that it was futile gora. It was you who looked after to spend time on these hopeless old babies for me at Loudon." women who would never learn to read. Why not concentrate on the Another Devoted Friend younger intelligent women? I re- member how it hurt to hear them Another friend was Makachi- called duds. Besides, they were bene, a wee thin slip of a woman really tremendously important. who conceived a great devotion for Attending the school meant that one of our women missionaries. they were allying themselves with

all the progress and reform that corncobs or some other simple gift.

the Christian teaching stood for What endless reminiscences one and when some young woman in could write of them,-the way they their village wanted to test some used to escort their dona home of the new suggestions about in- from church on Sunday, each so fant feeding or some such subject, anxious to carry something for her it would help her greatly that she that after distributing bag, Testa- was backed by one or two old wom- ment, hymn book, roll back she en instead of meeting unanimous sometimes had to eke out her lim- opposition. ited resources by handing over her And these old people were re- handkerchief too; of visits to their spected because of their Christian villages when she would return life and character. There was no ashamed of being laden with gifts class of women who showed such of foodstuffs she dare not offend evidence of the difference the Gos- them by refusing; of a time of pel had made in their lives as those famine when she doled them out old grannies. The world had al- scanty rations of rice barely suffi- tered for them and become a cient to keep them alive and so friendly, safe place full of love and won the delightful new name of help such, as they had had no ex- Msoro (honey bird) because she perience of in the old heathen days. found food for them; of a Christ- God as Father had brought them mas party for the grey haired only, into friendship with people of which ended in an impromptu whom they had never heard of dance "to show God how happy we when they were young-white peo- are"; of a time when the dona's ple over the seas who had sent life was in danger, and one of the help to their black sisters. The old bodies sat without moving from church was a society that did not the verandah for twelve hours till despise and neglect them, but rath- better news sent her home tired er honored and helped them. This and hungry but happy; of the won- was a day of good tidings which derful day when their first little had followed their long night of white sister arrived in their midst fear and their very faces, as well instead of coming like the other as lives, reflected the change. The Bazungu (white people) from old unlovely type with all that was across the sea, and the queues that human and kindly obliterated, is waited to get their first glimpse of giving place in many instances to her; of the last sad days when happy, kindly, more intelligent their white mother sometimes fled faces in which sometimes lines of out of the back door into the bush real beauty and refinement can be when she saw a mournful little traced. And the pastors and elders group of them coming up the road, of the church could tell that none because she COUldn't face their are more faithful in their attend- tears without breaking down her- ance at worship, or more liberal- self at the thought of the coming out of their great poverty-in their separation. These and many other regular contributions when the memories, tender and cheering, deacons make their village rounds, pass through my mind as I write and the people respond by produc- of our gossips-our God-rib-those ing a copper or two, a basket of to whom we have become related in flour or beans, or a little bundle of the service of God. BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia* Mi88ionary oJ the Reformed Church In America Men who have unselfishly devoted their lives to a great cause have a right to be heard as to their convictions on the principle on which the success of that cause is based. Dr. Paul W. Harrison has spent twenty years in Arabia as a medical missionary under the Reformed Church in America. His experience in medical and evangelistic work in Bahrein, Muscat and other stations has brought him into close contact with the needs of the people and the problems of the work. His studies and travels in India and his contacts with leaders in many lands have given him a wide range of sympathy and information. His study of the Bible and his service have formulated his ideals and given him the courage of his convictions.

In February Dr. Harrison delivered a series of five lectures at Princeton Theological Seminary which were so fresh, so earnest and so startling in some of their positions and recommendations that they have aroused much interest and some criticism. We have secured permission to print these lectures, slightly abbreviated, and will welcome the comments of other Christian workers on the amended missionary program suggested by Dr. Harrison.-EDITOR.

I N KALAMAZOO a few weeks sionaries are sent to Japan today ago my missionary talk had because Japan is able to take care been preceded by an address of that work herself. It would be by a mission convert who was a better if we should realize that our director in the educational enter- educational work is essentially as prise of India. He intimated that temporary as our medical mission- the missionary enterprise was ary work.

gradually evolving from the stage Let us remember the very wide- of evangelistic work and was right- spread, almost universal increase ly becoming more and more an edu- in the spirit of nationalism. China, cational enterprise to train the during the last few years, has been native church. That idea is wide- convulsed from one end to the spread, but, as I hope to show, is other because she has gained a new false and dangerous to the mission- spirit of racial self-consciousness.

ary cause. Her nationalistic spirit has extend- We all recognize that one branch ed until it includes all the different of our institutional work is essen- strata of society, and all the prov- tially temporary. No medical mis- inces, and it is perhaps now almost • I introduce these lectures with great dif· the major passion of the Chinese. fidence. on three accounts: First, because The significant fact is that this Princeton is known for its scholarship, and I do not pretend to be a scholar. Second, because particular phenomenon is practi- I expect to bring to your attention ideas that cally universal. In India the spirit are quite at variance with many of the con- of nationalism has penetrated from ventional ideas regarding missionary work and the top to the bottom. It has come behind such new ideas there fs no authority whatever except the impressions gained by one to include all sections, the native individual in twentf years of missionary work. states as well as British India. The r am especially anxIOUS that you do not ascribe same thing is true in Turkey and to what r say the authority of any commission in Persia. or church or board. The third reason is, of course, the importance of the group here as- Wherever we go we find that the sembled. It becomes a grave responsibility when one attempts to assert that the compass of tbe conrse ongbt to be replotted, and that we ought to be ruled by different ideas.

p, W. H.

415 spirit of racial self-consciousness culture. India is not primarily in- is strong, and is steadily growing. terested in financial or commercial And we ought to note that this is progress, but India is supremely a permanent change. There will be interested in her own racial self- no return to the situation of fifty development. She believes, and years ago. We have only seen the rightly, that she has certain pecu- beginning of this change in nation- liar racial endowments. The same al consciousness. From now on is true of China, and of Arabia, there is going to be a more and and of America. India has certain more intense patriotism. Here is a r a cia I endowments which are factor of very great importance unique, and, therefore, she is anx- that we must consider in relation ious to direct her destiny along the to the missionary enterprise. lines of those endowments. That The Educational Program is exactly the attitude that the In- dian leaders ought to take. The Now notice the effect that this only weapon that the leaders of has upon the national educational India possess for the accomplish- programs. In India, for example, ment of her supreme aim is educa- there are now in the colleges and tion. India, therefore, is coming to the professional schools, some 84,- ask, as China and Persia and Japan 000 students; there are 12,000,000 have asked, for the complete con- students in the secondary and ele- trol of all the schools.

mentary schools. The students in One of the most serious problems those schools are going to shape before every missionary board to- the future of India. We direct the day is the problem of adjusting the destinies of all our nations by missionary schools to this demand means of schools. of the national leaders. The Amer- It is not, therefore, remarkable ican Board is troubled because the to find that in all of these countries Turkish government has demanded where the spirit of national con- not only the control of general edu- sciousness has grown there has cation but of the religious instruc- also developed a determination to tion in Mission schools. Thesame control all the schools. That is in- demand has come from Persia and evitable and natural and should be China, and will probably come from welcomed by the missionary en- India as soon as the Indians gain terprise. control of the government.

This particular tendency has This thing is inevitable, it is nat- sometimes manifested itself in very ural, and it ought to be welcomed disagreeable ways. Turkey has de- because in all of these nations, a manded that she have complete large part of the educational pro- control of all the schools in Turkey. gram has been carried on by for- The same demand has come from eigners. The missionaries entered Persia. The only hope that the backward countries that had prac- leaders of a country have for build- tically no educational systems and, ing up the kind of nation they want as a matter of Christian charity is by control of the schools. they organized schools, just as hos- In India, where I have spent a pitals have been planted in these good deal of time, Mr. Gandhi and countries because they had no ade- the Indian people fear nothing so quate medical work. But now these much as the imposition of western nations, having attained racial selfconsciousness, wit h a national the enterprise and less to its edu- spirit, naturally demand the con- cational side.

trol of the whole educational enter- The prevailing view that mis- prise. sionary work is going to become In the past the missionary so- more educational is dangerous becieties have paid for these mission cause, in so far as we are obschools, assisted in some countries sessed with that false idea, we will more or less by native money. They find ourselves pitted against the have done a very creditable and irresistible current of the time. If outstanding piece of philanthropic we do not recognize the nationaliswork, but nevertheless, as sQon as tic demand for control of the the nation attains to national self- schools, we are doomed to hinder consciousness, it is inevitable that the whole enterprise. The surrenthe leaders shall demand the con- der of our general educational work trol of the education upon which is natural and inevitable.

rests the destiny of those countries. Some will say that this view of Since the spirit of nationalism educational work overlooks entireis here to stay, by the same token ly the evangelistic possibilities of this demand for control of all the the school, if we can include relischools is also going to grow until gious education. There is an incomplete control is secure. So}Ve creasing emphasis on religious come to this situation: The mis- education in America and it is right sionary enterprise is going to be- that we should stress religious educome less and less a general educa- cation abroad. The records of the tional enterprise, and many of us past are against that idea. I remay live to see the educational arm member two very interesting asof missions disappear in many of sistants that I had in the hospital these countries. work in Muttra twenty years ago. They were converted Afghans that When India attains to self-gov- resulted from Dr. Pennell's work ernment, the first thing she will in North India. We used to sit wish to do, When she can manage down and talk by the hour,and her finances well enough, is to from them I learned a great deal make elementary education com- about the missionary enterprise pulsory. When this is done, India that I had not known before. They will wish to take over all of the told me that in north India when elementary mission school work. they went out to do itinerary evan- gelistic work, the opponents whom Then, you see unquestionably the they dreaded most to meet were the whole missionary enterprise will graduates of mission schools who had been trained in compulsory become more and more purely Bible classes. Such graduates know evangelistic. That is not a criticism against the missionaries of the past, but it is recognizing the the Bible extraordinarily well, for significance of the movements of there is one thing that an Indian the present. The present form of can do, and that is he can rememmissionary work is now different ber what is taught him to a degree from the past to some extent, and that is simply uncanny. These mis- the future is going to be still more sion school gradUates had been different. The future undoubtedly compelled to take courses in the belongs to the evangelistic side of Bible but not more than one in 2 a thousand becomes a Christian. This is inevitable because of the These itiJlerant evangelists are ear- rise of the nationalistic spirit.

nest-minded and sincere Chris- An Individual or a Social Gospel tians, but they are not yet well educated and they rneet in these Conclusion number two, which I college graduates who. have been will state in advance, is that our trained in the Bible, men who can evangelistic enterprise must be the tie them up in knots when it comes carrying of an individual rather to religious controversy. than what we usually call the social I recognize that in saying this I Gospel. This is closely related to am a heretic of the very first order what I have been saying. In India and that most of the church boards are utterly at variance with what they are anxious to develop along I am saying; but in my opinion it the lines of their own peculiar racial endowment and, therefore, would be far better in Christian they do not want mission schools colleges in India, or China for all which embody our western civili- I know, if the Hindus and the Mo- zation. By the same token they hammedans were forbidden to do not want our western social come to the Bible classes, unless gospel. they are sincerely interested in I am a great believer in the really following Christ, once they Christian social gospel, because as can see their way clear. Sincere a citizen, it is the duty of every inquirers should be we1co.med but Christian to carry responsibility the average students should be for- for political and social and eco- bidden entry, to say nothing of nomic advance. But in so far as compelling them to come. the Arab or Indian mind works Educational work in the past along lines different from yours has not always been a great evan- and mine, by so much it is dangelistic agency but it has been gerous for us to attempt to carry necessary. By means of it we have over into Arabia or India our petrained the native church and by culiar civilization. When westernour mission scho.ols we have con- ers vociferously shout for a social tributed enormously to the advance gospel I marvel that they do not of the backward nations. It has realize the contradiction. In one been one of the finest things we breath they say, "Let us not carry have ever done, but it has not been our western civilization; let us as effective as we wish in evangel- only take Christ over there," and izing those people. In some cases in another breath they say, "Let us it has been carried on in a way that not carry an antiquated individualhas done actual damage. There istic gospel but let us carry the is no reason why we should hesi- finer message of the social gospel." tate to turn over our educational work to the native governments as The social gospel, as' we underrapidly as we can. stand it, is really nothing but an effort to carryover into Arabia or The first conclusion, then, to elsewhere some part of the civili- zation that we know, and that we which we come is that the mission- think will be good for those people. ary enterprise is to become more There are, unquestionably, many and more an evangelistic and less things in our western civilization and less an educational enterprise. that are splendid, and we think that it is the part of Christian com- astonished to see the splendid enpassion to teach them to the people tertainment that you would reover thel'e. ceive. There would be a roasted chicken for each separate guest, Perhaps we would say that the and a splendid outlay of boiled rice simplest and most fundamental and various condiments. Moreover, thing in our civilization, that would on feast days these people are be a universal boon to everyone, dressed in gorgeous clothes. Their is security of life and property. economic situation is so good that This might be said to characterize it is hard to believe that they are western civilization, as opposed to not the owners of those gardens the chaotic situation that we find but only tenants who cultivate in many places abroad. In our them. Christian message we will not only put in the roots but we will also Now let us visit ThaI, in another show some of the fruits of the so- part of Arabia. There we will be cial gospel. At least as Christians entertained by date cultivators we want security of life and prop- again, and the land around ThaI is erty. Is there anyone that would far richer than the date gardens of dispute that as a fundamental, uni- Hassa or Katif. The general sysversal and invariable boon? In tem is the same in that the land is Arabia I think I can show you that owned by one set of men and culthis is not always true. tivated by others. The men who entertain us at ThaI can set before Life and Property in Arabia us only a miserable little dish of boiled rice with a few tough pieces I could take you as a visitor to of meat-and that is the best meal Katif or Hassa, places under the they have had for a month. They rule of Ibn Saud. The characteris- have almost no clothes, are half tic of his rule is that life and prop- starved and one-third clothed, and erty are distinctly not sec u r e live a dog's life. The contrast is according to our western notions. painful. In this community the The chief of Katif, or Ibn Saud date cultivators have been ground himself, can cut off any man's down under the heel of the owners. head, and no cabinet, no legislature and no laws can stop him. A few What is the difference between years ago, the richest man in Katif, the Hassa people who cultivate a Bin J umaa, was arrested by Ibn comparatively barren strip of land Saud's agents and put in prison and are wonderfully well off, and and he has never been seen again. this group at ThaI who cultivate an His property was confiscated, and extraordinarily rich piece of land, thereby the royal exchequer was growing the same crop as our put into order again. In Katif and friends over here but are on the in Hassa, life and property are not ragged edge of starvation all the secure according to any western time? The difference is that life standards. Bin Jumaa's death was and property are more secure in not as a punishment for any crime Thal than in Hassa and Katif. he had committed, but it was the rulers' will that he should die. I will try in a word to show you that this is literally true. That man If we were entertained in the Bin Jumaa in Katif, who was exehome of one of the date cultivators cuted, was a high-handed pirate of in Hassa or Katif, you would be the first order and ought to have died years before he did. In that reduced to the last stage of human country they boil some of their misery. In this particular instance dates in enormous kettles. Bin the laws guaranteeing security of Jumaa came home one night and life and property are not a blessing found that his wife had not pre- to the community. pared supper quite on time, so he pitched her bodily into the boiling There is often an extraordinary kettle. He oppressed the date cul- amount of lip service given to the tivators under him. Debtors had idea that we must carry Christ, to pay their debts absolutely on the His message and His teaching to day. Beggars were not fed in his these people, and not carry our house. Thereby, he became so un- western civilizatio.n. That is true, popular that his death was wel- but that means that we cannot comed by the whole community, carry out what we term our social and his life expectancy sank down gospel-according to our western to zero. ideas. It is not for us to define the outworkings of eternal life in There is no way to replenish the the hearts and lives of all men. We royal treasury quite so easily as by cannot try to revise the social order assassinating a rich man and con- over in Arabia. That will have to fiscating his -property, but if the be revised, but it can only be recommunity still thinks highly of vised safely by the Arab. Every him, the ruler does not do that. If intelligent Indian knows that the he did that two or three times, the social order in India needs a great ruler would lose his head. He must deal of revision but he also knows, maintain his popularity in the com- what we are not so willing to conmunity; otherwise his life is in cede, that that revision is safe only danger. If he oppresses his date in Indian hands when they have cultivators, if he pinches every learned to apply the teachings of debtor, if he kicks beggars off the Christ to daily life. place, the community wishes he would die, and he does die. There- In the rise of nationalism we fore these Katif owners of gardens have a phenomenon that is groware, as a rule, extraordinarily gen- ing and that is going to be the erous in the contracts which they governing factor in practically all arrange with their cultivators. of these mission fields. This means that the missionary enterprise will Over in ThaI, there is security increasingly be evangelistic and of life and property. Nobody is less educational, and that the evangoing to confiscate a date land- gelistic message we carry must of owner's property and cut off his necessity be more and more of a personal Gospel, relating the inhead, no matter how much of a dividual to Christ, rather than a pirate he is. He can starve his date social gospel, as we in the West cultivators to death and nobody is interpret it. going to cut off his head or confiscate his property. Therefore, The second lecture deals with certain impliunder him the date cultivators are cations of the Evangelical Missionary Enter- prise.

"3ff I!!:fJri~t ba~ rtaIl!' taktn up .i~ abobt in a buman btad, ofttn JJt will bt Sttn looking out of tbt winbows!"

A PROTESTANT CHURCH SU NDAY SCHOOL. CAMAJIANI

WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

Th e Impressions of a Moderator of the Presbyterian Church BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

,If oaerator oj th e Presbyteda " Ohu reh. U. S. A.-1980- l 931 ASHORT visit may be better these unsympathetic dignitaries than a long one in leaving in belonged. Then came the Good one's mind clear cut impres- Samaritan-also easily r ecogniz- sions. The danger is that the im- able–who, after beating back the pressions may be too clear cut. thieves, carried the wounded man Certainly the week spent in Cuba to safety, nursed him back to health left in my mind certain well de- and promised "whatsoever thou fined pictures and one of the c1ear- spendest more, when I come again, est is the applicability of the I will repay thee." parable of the Good Samaritan to the past and present of that very It was one of the most gracious acts one nation ever did for an- near and very interesting people other-to set Cuba free, give to and land. her a charter of liberty and send Cuba is the man who fell among her on her way. That act is not forgotten. The anniversary of the thieves who wounded him, stripped blowing up of the "Maine" is still him, and left him half dead beside the roadway. The robbers can observed in Havana with flowers easily be identified. The priest and and music and messages of peace the Levite, who came and saw and goodwill. Yet there is much where he was and passed by on to be desired that is left undone. the other side, are not hard to In the minds of many Cubans the name. There is not much difficulty thought arises that her Good in giving the name of the ancient Samaritan has forgotten. They ecclesiastical organization to which think that the promise "whatso- 421

ever thou spendest more, when I concerned in the deeper issues income again, I will repay thee" has not been adequately fulfilled and volved. . was perhaps after all only an euphemism. The sense of contrast is every- where. The old and the new meet There is restlessness and agita- and mingle. We traveled over one tion in CUba. If there is business of the finest concrete highways in depression in America, there are the world, miles and miles of it, industrial and financial crises in and at the same time we saw men Cuba. The American tariff shut plowing with the ancient instruout Cuba's largest trade-sugar. ment of a far-away ancestry and "The Dance of the Millions" when driving, across soggy fields, wagsugar sold for more than twenty ons with high wheels drawn by cents a pound is now only a mem- oxen, great beasts of the field, two ory. Many sugar mills are silent teams, three teams, four teams. and there now is little sale for Cuba has three and a half million sugar even at one or one and one- people but it could have ten milhalf cents a pound; and "the lions if modern methods in inmourners go about the streets." dustry and agriculture were in use and if education were made a uni- The first impression of Cuba un- versal opportunity. der martial law is far from pleasant. To be asked on every street It was not, however, as an excorner and out in the villages to pert on transportation and sugar purchase a ticket for a lottery sup- and industry that led me to Cuba, ported by the government makes an easy and a pleasant trip only one catch his breath. Emerson two hours distance from America said, "Weak men believe in luck. by air and four or five hours by sea. Strong men believe in cause and effect." If the same law is applied Cuba is an important mission to government then it is a sign of field of the Presbyterian Church weakness on the part of Cuba to in the U. S. A. Its occupancy by distribute every month more than the Board of National Missions half a million dollars and it is a dates back to the freedom of .the sign of weakness in a people who island. If one wishes to have his are taught to think that a chance faith established, his hope inturn of the wheel, a lucky casting spired, and his love fed, let him of the lot, may turn poverty into visit the mission work which makes luxury. Little wonder that there glad the whole island. is social unrest and political agitation. An economic and govern- There is no race question in the mental situation that necessitates Cuban Church. One is soon conthe closing of the schools while new scious of this. Here the black and knowledge is knocking at the door white, the Spaniard and the Cuban, of youth is charged with some sort the Mexican and the Chinese meet of high explosive. America has and mingle, and the Lord is the some responsibility here and that maker of them all. A fine negro responsibility lies not merely in minister and his wife guide one of the economic realm. One can be our finest Spanish-speaking Sunamused in Cuba only if he is un- day-schools and churches. In a re- cent book of fiction it is stated that it takes nine thousand years to make a black man think white and

1931J WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

A PROTESTAN'f CUBAN PA!'TOR AND HI!' FAMILY ten thousand centuries to make a Cuban people what should have Chinese think in western terms. been done. That is nonsense. There may be no reason why a black man should Three things especially imthink white or a Chinese think in pressed me as I surveyed the work western terms but one can easily of evangelical Christianity in Hafind black and brown and yellow vana, Matanzas, Cardenas, Cabaifolk in Cuba thinking Christ and guan, Placetas, and Sancti Spirthat is far better. itus.

Christianity has a free field in First of all I was impressed by Cuba and that is all that the church the youth, the devotion, the earasks. Freedom in religion is guar- nestness, and the spiritual and moranteed and that offers a fine oppor- al passion of the Cuban ministry. tunity for evangelical Christianity. Late into the night, in conference The Roman Catholic Church had with these young men, one could centuries of opportunity among the not fail to be impressed with the Cuban people with all the field to seriousness and the spiritual initself. There should now be tensity of the leaders of this young throughout the island schools and church. They are facing a great colleges and hospitals, but the responsibility with a fine construc- Spanish Church gave Cuba no such tive program. The church means gifts and, as far as a fast traveling everything to them and their abidobserver can see, the long estab- ing loyalty to the evangelical Goslished church failed to do for the pel is a joy and a delight. The minister's home is the lighthouse

and the rendezvous of the village lem. It would seem the path of and is the center of light and life. wisdom to train students of the The minister's family mingles with ministry so that they may read the life of the community and cre- English readily and then make ates an atmosphere of cheer and available for the Cuban ministers hope. Here is a letter from the books that will enable them to sat- daughter of one of these pastors, isfy their intellectual cravings.

a young girl of sixteen: The mission boards would do well Many days ago I was thinking to to think out some way by which write to you but I did not know when pastors in isolated fields may be you were going to get home. I hope supplied with Christian literature. someday we can see you again. We Second, I was impressed with the never can forget you anymore and will multitude of children and youth in be very glad if you could come back all the congregations and schools and stay. We thanks the Lord He visited. One could almost say that gives so many blessings· to us and know all the members of the church the Cuban Church is a young peomeet together every night to pray and ple's church. This may be because we can see the Lord's presence with us. Our services are being better of the close association of the every day and' more people are learn- school and the Church. Perhaps it ing about our Lord Jesus Christ and grows out of the fact that many of be saved, Please remember us, always the ministers of the Cuban Church when you are in prair. Last Sunday we are yfuungand keep vitar"conhad in the principal church two hun- tacts with childhood and youth. Perhaps it grows out of the fact dred and ·sixty. In the Sunday-school that the Church offers an outlet of Mission we had two hundred and six, hope and joy for youth. Certainly so all together were fourth hundred one is impressed by the interested and sixty-six that heared the Sunday- multitudes of children and young school leesson just one time. Excuse people who look up from their my mistakes they are many but you places in the Church and school, know I can't do it very well, but you alert and eager and intensely recan't understand Spanish, and this is sponsive. This speaks well for the a practice for me too. Church. Already sufficient interest This speaks for itself regarding in these young people has been the spiritual atmosphere of the aroused that one of the churches minister's home out of which power at home has provided funds for a comes. Probably the most press- conference for young people after ing issue of these young men who the order of the summer confer- are laying the foundations of the ences which have meant so much evangelical Church in Cuba is their to the young people of the churches hunger for books. Many of them in North America. This confer- do not read English; some read it ence for young people ought to with difficulty and only a few with mark a forward step in the life and ease. The proper religious litera- training of the youth of the Chris- ature is hard to find in Spanish. tian Church in Cuba.

Translations are slow and expen- The third thing that lives in my sive and many of these young men memory is the radiancy of the re- long for the key that will open the ligion of the Christian people of door to a larger intellectual world. the Cuban Church. Youth has We must help them solve this prob- something to do with it. Perhaps

WHEN-CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

the singing soul of the people dis- There are some four thousand English-speaking people in the city covers a ready expression ·in the of Havana. . They come from all music of the Gospel but certainly parts of the world; from the one finds a sense of joy, or uplift, United States, Canada, Great Britof kindly humor that makes fellow- ain, Australia. A fine piece of land ship easy and worship a delight. has been bought on the boulevard I brought back from Cuba more and there is hope that when more than I took; pictures and photo- prosperous days return tha.t a suitgraphs, lizard skins and snake belts,flowers and memories and able new edifice will ·· be erected enduring friendships. If a singing thereon. Behind this Union .Church SOME MODERN CUBAN CHRTS'l'lANS-PRESBYTERIAN WORKERS army is a victorious army, then a there are consecrated men and singing Church also is a trium- women who not only help forward phant Church, and it would be well the Gospel message among the peofor the home Church to listen in ple of all denominations but who, to the Hallelujah Chorus of the by their contributions, prayers and young Church in Cuba. Well done, sympathy, undergird and support mission boards, arise and enter in- the splendid program of the misto a fuller occupancy! sion churches. To strengthen this Union Church will be to strengthen A word should be spoken con- the whole cause of Christ in Cuba. cerning the Union Church in Cuba.

Every mason in the quarry, every builder on the shore, Every woodman in the forest, every boatman at the oar, Hewing wood and drawing water, splitting stones and clearing sod; All the dusty ranks of labor in the regiment of God, March togetlier toward His temple, do the task His hands prepare; Honest toil is holy service; faithful work is praise and prayer.

-Henry Van Dyke.

STANLEY SAW AFRICAN WOUANHOOD AXD THE AFRICAN

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY YEARS BY MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Likasi, Central Africa ConfJO .Mission of th e .jffethodi~t Episcop(fl Ohurch STANLEYl Livingstone! Mag- intimate companionship with Liv- ic names. Stranger by far ingstone, "As to the report of his than the tales in Arabian African marriage, it is unneces- Nights, is Stanley's account of sary to say more than that it is "How I Found Livingstone." untrue, and it is utterly beneath a Stranger even than the fingers on gentleman even to hint of such a the wall in ancient Babylon was thing in connection with the name that interview of Stanley's with of Dr. Livingstone."

James Gordon Bennett. Who but That commission to find Livinga character like that of the great stone was the making of Stanley. journalist would have given such The crude war correspondent beterse instructions: "Find Uving- came another man from the day stone." that he stiffly removed his hat and How we used to thrill over Stan- greeted the man for whom he had ley's travels! We came across this been searching for more than two testimony of Stanley which ought years. Livingstone did not preach to be published widely owing to to Stanley in words but his life slander recently broadcasted in a changed Stanley's life completely.

popular volume. Stanley had heard We have read and reread those rumors and writes after weeks of heavy tomes: "How I found Liv- 426

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY YEARS

ingstone," "Through Darkest Af- Stanley and Livingstone! The rica," "Through the Dark Conti- two names will always be coupled nent" and the accounts of his together. Those two men more founding the Congo Free State and than any others turned the eyes of the final search for Emin Pasha. the whole world to Central Africa We wept with him over the unnec- and through them was brought the essary death of Frank, brought on cure for "the open sore of the by his own daring and self-confi- world." It is not yet healed. The dence that refused the advice of a cure will not be in the governments native. The canoe carrying him which have done much, nor in the was swept into that caldron of large concessions to commercial boiling waters below the fatal falls. companies whose methods are of- We saw Stanley fighting .his way ten more irritating than soothing down to the mouth of the Congo and healing, but it is the Spirit and alone, a sallow, walking skeleton Gospel of Jesus Christ. and we have come to appreciate the shock of how ghastly the faces The Congo Jubilee Conference at of our own race can seem after Kinshasa in September, 1928, months of seeing only the rich, brought us to Stanley Pool for the chocolate faces of the natives. We first time. There we met men who can also understand how the sight had seen Stanley himself-men of his own white face struck terror like the Rev. Joseph Clark and the into the hearts of the brown- Rev. Ross Phillips. We sat one skinned Bantus. No wonder they day on the beautiful grounds of thought him a ghost. the Swedish Mission on the French side of the pool, and listened won- CHRISTIAN WOMANHOOD IN A~'RICA TODAY-AT LOVEDALE

deringly at the account by Dr. went to the conference, had been Clark of how Stanley first came to completed to their station. Until that very spot. We looked at the recently they had never dreamed gentle, refined face of the delicate of a motor road. Now it was done, man before us and tried to recast but alas! they had no car. A little the scene of forty-eight years pre- hand car that had been sent for viously, looking down on the beau- Mrs. Bowskill reminded us of the tiful pool and the magnificent rap- backaches we had had riding over ids roaring and surging into the many a hundred miles in the same narrow confines of the hills below. kind of pousse-pousse. It would take them two days of walking, so Youth today often imagines that we decided to offer to drive them heroism is born for the first time over. It was a rough road but it in them. But here was this intrep- only took us a little over two hours id youth surrounded by some of to drive there. the fiercest savages, with his life hanging in the balance. On the As we honked our way into the other side of the pool were the mission station which, with its white tents of Stanley's camp but Eucalyptus trees, looked like an it was no plan of the wicked chief oasis in the desert, crowds of Banto let these two white men meet tu boys and girls, young men and each other. It is evident that he maidens poured out of the buildplanned at first to kill the youth ings and surrounded the car, all who had corne into his territory. talking at once. What a contrast The young man saw the plotting of these students were to the savage the chief and felt that the end was hordes whose canoes shot from the near. He found all his own car- shore with the cannibal yell, "Nyriers taken over to the other side ama, Nyama" (meat, meat), when and himself surrounded by these Stanley came in sight. bloodthirsty men. Neither he nor anyone else wiH ever know why the It was worth the extra time and chief finally let him go. gas consumed to see the very wheels that Stanley had used for The Ground That Stanley Trod hauling his iron boats around the roaring rapids in the mighty river. Once more we stood on ground Stanley had an army of men with Stanley had trod when we visited him when he made those roads the English Baptist Mission Sta- through the jungle and it took two tion at Wathen. We had sent our hundred menta haul the bOats Ford car down by train to Thys- overland. ville as there was no motor Toad between Thysville and Kinshasa. Mr. Bowskill stood on tlie very A trainload of missionaries got off spot where the agreements were the train at Thysville to spend the signed that inaugurated the Congo night for that dinky little narrow Free State. Free ! Who was free? gauge road is dangerous for run- Not the natives for many years as ning in the dark. We got the car they slaved to supply Leopold's deoff the trucks and ready for the mand for rubber. Yet under all horne trip, and the Bowskills, who the cruelty of foreign domination, had followed closely in Stanley's there was another group of heroic steps, learned that the motor road men and women who brought to which had been started before they them the real freedom which

breaks the yoke of Satan and the ploit the natives. These same shackles of sin. young men and women, the mis- sionary youth of yesterday, neither Before the coming of the white feared the cannibals to whom they man these Africans had had free- went first nor the corrupt men of dom to fight and kill and eat each their own race who came next. other and had used that freedom to Fever stalked abroad hand in hand the limit. No life was safe. Witch- with dysentery but no one left his craft helped in the killing process. post on account of either, unless Terrors of men and devils kept the carried away by main force. unfortunates in a seething caldron of fear day and night. It was a welcome day for all when the government of that great After Stanley had left the coun- section of Central Africa, one of try and the Government was in the the richest spots in the world in hands of Leopold and his group, AFRICANS INSPECTING THE MISSION FORD AT THYSVILLIll another woe was sounded. Men indigenous resources, passed out of and women went to the swamps Leopold's hands into that of the and staggered over the mountain Belgian Government and became a trails either for or with red rub- Belgian Colony. It was a far call ber. I am inclined to believe, from from that spot where Stanley what I heard and saw myself that signed his agreements with the the pictures of suffering entailed chiefs and the Wathen Mission Stawere not overdrawn. tion and the Congo BeIge of today.

Now the missionary is no longer The Belgian Congo is not Utopia surrounded by hostile natives. even yet. The fight between right Sometimes the hostilities are now and wrong, between freedom and from those of his own race for he oppression, between the weak and is emphatically a meddling· nui- the strong, between sin and rightsance in the eyes of those who ex- eousness is still on and, while con-

ditions have changed outwardly, at Likasi by motor car, the first to the missionaries must battle with come through that way. The road and for their people. had only been finished two weeks before we passed over some sec- Wathen Station, with its hun- tions of it. But Africa will not be dreds of bright youths, can be dup- redeemed and freed by motor licated by hundreds of similar roads. The redemption must come centers all over the Congo today. from within through Jesus Christ and the knowledge of that redemp- In addition to them there are the tion is to come through the thouthousands of village schools and sands of little churches and schools churches under native teachers and preachers. Many of these churches ONE WAY Ole RF.T.TEVTNG THE SUFFERINGS OF AFRICAN TOILERS are already self-propagating, self- and from the larger training cengoverning and self-supporting. ters where the youth of Africa is in training for leadership. One of Those who have known the free- the greatest needs is for more misdom that is to be found in Christ sionaries to train these native men Jesus now number hundreds of and women so that larger numbers, thousands in the Congo. with far more effectiveness, may go out into the highways and by- The railroads and motor roads ways and bring their own people are a great help in opening Cen- to the feet of the Master. tral Africa. We traveled 2,000 miles and returned to our station The present difficult circumstance, which presses so hard against us (if surrendered to Christ), is the well shaped tool in the Father's hand to shape us for eternity. Let us trust him, then, and not push away the instrument lest we lose the glorious effect of His work.

– THE LAND OF KING

A TRAVEL LETTER BY DR. GEORGE T. SCOTT ASHooiute /·,'CCf·ctfWU I)f tile l'n'Hbyt('tian B(J(lr([ of Foreign iJli88iotl8 King Prajadhipok and Queen Ramabaibarni, the genial and enlightened rulers of Siam, are now visiting America, where the king has been successfully operated upon for the removal of a cataract. King Prajadhipok is a graduate of Oxford University, England, and has proved an efficient ruler of almost the only absolute monarchy left in the world. Dr. Scott visited Siam recently and has given his impressions here.-EDITOR.

T HIS little land of about eleven monarchy left in the world. For- million people seems simple, tunately the king, like hili two and yet it eludes definite char- predecessors, is a highly enlightacterization and analysis. The ened, progressive and benevolent Siamese may be described as pleas- ruler. He and his corps of apant, friendly, complacent or satis- pointed Ministers and Councilors fied, easy-going, relaxed or unam- of State (mostly princes of blood bitious. They impress a visitor as royal) are industrious, intelligent being contented. For this there are leaders of their loyal subjects. A many reasons, e. g., the warm sun typical tale is told of the king visitand rich soil; the ubiquitous, thor- ing in a foreign land. ough-going Buddhism seeking the annihilation of desire and avoiding "We have one of your princes liv- ing here," he was informed.'

all acts that might possibly retard "What does he do?" inquired the the individual's progress upward king. in the scale of reincarnations; the wide-spread malaria and hook- "Nothing!" was the reply. worm, which sap vitality, physical "Then he does not belong to us," His Majesty rejoined. "We work."

and mental. The Presbyterian All the royal family work for the Mission cooperated with the Gov- welfare and advancement of their ernment and the Rockefeller Foun- country. The heir-apparent, Prince dation in the study of hookworm, Songkla, brother of the king, over· looking toward its eradication. One worked at his medical studies in physician had one hundred persons America and untimely death preselected at random to test; ninety- vented his service in relieving hu- seven showed unmistakable hook- man suffering in Siam. worm and the other three de- "American mIsSIOnaries have camped! It is said that the army as a whole showed more than done more for the advancement of eighty-five per cent infected. The my people than any other foreign Government is trying to overcome influence," was the public statethe prevalent diseases (which ex- ment of King Chulalongkorn, the act a very heavy toll of infants and great leader of Siam's renaissance. children) and thus to counteract This is typical of the high regard the resultant defects in life and in which, from the early begincharacter, and to lead the nation nings a century ago, missionaries forward. have been held by both rulers and people. Probably in no other coun- Siam is about the only absolute try has there been such friendIi- 431

ness of feeling, intimacy of contact lined a course of training girls to and desire of cooperation between develop the finest kind of women government and mISSIOns. Al- to lead home and family and to though Siam is frankly a Buddhist make the highest sort of State. The land with no separation of religion government aims to avoid what from State, there is freedom of appears to be an excess of higher conscience with no official effort to education for both men and women make Buddhism the exclusive reli- in many other countries. Now the gion. Christianity is free to ex- Government is inaugurating two tend by every fair means. In many years of junior college work of a pieces of missionary educational, professional and pre-professional medical and welfare work, the nature. highest officials of the government generously cooperate with gifts and Through these and other chanenthusiastic commendation, and nels of meeting human needs the the institutions are unrestricted in religious instruction and worship. great message of Christ's spiritual Gospel is practised and proclaimed. The Government must realize Direct preaching is a very vital that the Christian missionaries are part of the mission program. The the best and truest foreign friends fruitage of evangelism in recent that the people have, and that to years, as measured by the common them is due much of the impetus but insufficient scale of church and program of the great national membership, has not been large. reforms. Not only has there been To become a Christian openly is the indirect influence of institu- not easy in a Buddhist family and tions and processes which serve as state, and in the eyes of the new suggestions and models but also nationalism, Christianity still apmissionaries and their sons have pears foreign and adherence to it acted frequently as unofficial or of- unpatriotic. The s e inhibitions ficial advisers of Government. would be largely removed if the Church were to become ecclesiasti- Among the many things intro- cally independent of the Church duced by the missionary, and which in America. While the numerical Siam is increasingly developing as strength of the Siamese Church is her own, are modern medicine and not large, it has well-trained public health in which the country younger leaders (lay and clerical) is making steady strides forward, who are coming into places of insegregation and care of lepers of fluence and are beginning to feel a whom there are a large number, group consciousness and responsiproper obstetrics and care of chil- bility which are moving them out dren, both .of which are sadly de- into an aggressive campaign for fective, the equality of women (to Christ. The future looks bright for whom Buddhism offers next to progress. nothing) who must build the new homes of a renewed nation, and Myriads of yellow-robed priests modern education in which the walk the streets and the hundreds Government is purposely proceed- of temples (called Wats) dot the ing slowly and carefully along lines landscape. The lands of the Orient suited to the needs of the people. are very religious and none more Prince Damrong, uncle of the king and his close counselor, has out- so than Siam. An occidental is amazed, appalled and shamed by the oriental's devotion to and sac-

SIAM-THE LAND 01<' KING PRAJADHIPOK

rifice for his spiritual belief. The from the present-day world of strenuous affairs. The great mass priests are noticeably young, par- of her people are blandly uncon- scious of the complexities and perticularly thase that walk the streets plexities of this twentieth century. Another reason may be that the at dawn with their bowls present- Government has placed prohibitive import duties upon movements that ing to the faithful the privilege of disturb other lands. There seems to be no trouble over capital and making an offering to the support labor, scale of living, over-produc- tion, collapse of markets, military of holy men, which offering will budgets, threats of war, unemploy- ment, partisan politics and similar "make merit" to offset sins and to commotions common in other coun- tries. The great question is Chiadvance along the almost endless nese immigration; almost half the people in Bangkok are Chinese and generations to "Enlightment." they form a large part of every city and town. They control Siam's They do not beg for food but commerce and trade, which they have patiently earned by intellimerely offer opportunity for im- gent, unremitting industry, work- ing early and late with a mental provement in the next transmigra- and physical vigor that defies com- petition by the nationals. tion. Most of these youths are Royalty and Missions in Siam neophytes under instruction in the King Prajadhipok, of Siam, who Wat schools and may remain in the is now visiting America, has be- stowed his favor upon the Presby- . priesthood only a few years. Thou- terian Mission work there. His predecessor on the throne gave his sands of priests walk or stand and own title to the Mission College at Chiengmai, naming it the Prince stare, chanting prayers in archaic Royal College. King Prajadhipok is not a Christian but he attendlanguage; but I could not find one ed the Centennial Celebration of Christian work in Siam in 1928 or learn of one who was doing any- and spoke appreciatively concern- ing it. This year the queen invited thing to help humanity in any the entire Jane Hays Memorial School of Bangkok (a branch of practical way; priests are above, the Presbyterian Mission) to join in her birthday celebration, prebeyond and outside of the mundane sented prizes to four of the girls, and gave a year's tuition to the one realm and think and live in the who won the highest number of points in the games. sphere of detached spirit. One's Prince Dhani, Minister of Eduheart goes out to those thousands of youths with their expressionless faces viewing the world as illusion but with their evident potentiality for constructive contact with the world of reality.

The temples a:re of all sorts and conditions. In the court of the Wat of the Emerald Buddha at the Royal Palace in Bangkok are ex- Quisite multi – colored structures glistening in iridescent sunlight.

Many, perhaps most, Wats show their age, with buildings in need of repair and grounds neglected.

This may be because the priests are indifferent to their physical surroundings.

The aloof separateness of the Wat, the indifferent complacency of the ever-present priest, the sheer other-worldiness of Bud- dhistic philosophy, may account at least in part for Siam's detachment 3 .

cation, has also visited several mis- Luke in every home that could be sion schools, and praised the work. reached. About 11,000 copies of An official visitor to the leper home Luke in Siamese and 1,000 in at Sritamarat made himself re- Malay and Chinese were distrib- sponsible for the complete furnish- uted. In another section 5,000 ing of the operating room in the copies of the Gospel of John were hospital. used. This was followed up by Large liberty is enjoyed in reli- mimeograph monthly let t e r s. gious teaching, though students are Bangkok workers report that not the least of the year's results was often from the princely classes. the revival of evangelism. At Chi- The now venerable Prince Dam- engrai Siamese leaders have organrong, the long-time friend of ized a Gospel Team. American missionaries, is continu- ing his kindly interest in the mis- The two advanced schools for sion. girls, Wattana Wittaya at Bang- No national Siam church exists kok and Dara Wittaya at Chiengas yet, but more national respon- mai, report a good year. Siam is sibility is being assumed by Sia- waking up to the fact that girls mese and Chinese. The semicen- need an education, hence the tennial celebration of the founding schools are crowded. Both schools of Lampang church was carried on report an active religious life solely by the Siamese believers. among the students.

Schools at Sritamarat, Pitsanuloke, Mission hospitals are operated Chiengmai, Nan and elsewhere re- at each of the 10 stations of the port excellent service from Siamese Presbyterian Mission. Tn Bangkok principals and the large majority other medical provision is avail- of teachers are nationals. able, but an important maternity An increasing number of nation- center is maintained, together with al Christians are accepting the re- a medical health service and a medsponsibility of governing and car- ical clinic. Two important leper inrying on the established work of stitutions are maintained with the Chiengmai. This gives the mis- cooperation of the American Missionary an opportunity to devote sion to Lepers. Both institutions time to advance phases of the work need further equipment, inexpeninstead of holding only that which sive but essential.

has already been won. In many The first meeting of the Nation- ways, the national constituency is al Christian Council of Siam brings showing not only its ability, but its this land into closer fellowship desire to assume more and more of with others. As a result of the vis- the financial responsibility. A true it of Dr. John R. Mott for the or- indigenous or national church is ganization of this Council, the Y.

well on its way to realization in M. C. A. has entered Bangkok.

Siam. The Presbyterian Mission is al- Touring evangelism was carried most the only Protestant Chrisian on dUring the past year from Srita- work among the 11,000,000 sub- marat by train, motor lorry, pa- jects of King Prajadhipok, who is nies, boats, coolies, on foot and one of the world's few remaining even by swimming flooded streams. absolute monarchs in this country The aim was to place a Gospel of of 200,000 square miles.

PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION

BY THE EDITOR REMARKABLE changes have extend its life to the "uttermost taken place since the days part of the earth"; or would the when William Carey and infant enterprise languish and die twelve fellow ministers formed the for want of vitality and nourish- first English "Society for Propo- ment at home? Gradually the gating the Gospel Among the Church was aroused and responded Heathen." That was a time of feebly. Pioneers went forth in crisis for the Church and for the faith, like Abraham, not knowing world. Christ had come on His whither they went. They wrote life-giving mission nearly nineteen home stories that stirred the hearts hundred years before. He had of Christians – reports of adven- given the command to His disciples ture, of hardship, of ignorance and to evangelize the world; He had superstition, of dangers encoun- promised His presence and His tered and fierce opposition to their powers to those who obeyed. Still message. In those days practically five whole continents and the is- all of the nonChristian lands were lands of the sea were almost in not only unevangelized, but un- total ignorance of His message of occupied. Many representatives of life and love. A few Roman Cath- the Church of Rome had traveled olic missionaries had gone on the in distant fields, but almost no at- great adventure; the Dutch had tempt had been made by Protestant colonized South Africa; Christian Christians to reach Moslems, Hin- Europeans had settled in parts of dus, Buddhists, Shintoists, Taoists America; Moravians had opened and Animists. The Christians in stations in Greenland, Iceland and Europe and America were for the the West Indies; some Danish most part ignorant and indifferent Lutherans had founded a mission as to the condition and fate of these in India-but that was all. The millions whom Christ came to save.

world was far from evangelized. Some church leaders even argued The missionary enterprise was that it was not our business to born through the moving of the interfere with God's plans for the Spirit of God in the hearts of His heathen.

servants, but the infant enterprise It was a time of crisis. The faced many difficulties and dan- Church had come to a fork in the gers. In the Church there was road; the life of the missionary strong opposition to such a pre- enterprise was in the balance.

sumptuous and impossible under- Would the Church respond to the taking. There were also countless call? Would men volunteer to go?

enemies to be met in the fields Could missionaries gain a foot- where missionaries sought to win hold among these hostile heathen?

converts for their Master. Could Would they survive the dangers to the new-born project of the Church health? Could the pagans be truly survive such tests of vitality? converted and built up into a Here was the crisis of infancy. strong church? It waS a crisis due Could the Christian Church over- to apparently closed doors, to pre- come opposition and dangers and vailing ignorance at home, to un- 435

certainity and to inaction. History ized; the Laymen's and Young has shown how the Christians of People's missionary movements Europe and America responded followed. Missionary societies of and how the promise of Christ was all denominations came together to fulfilled-by the opening of doors, study the whole world problem and the enlistment of workers, the to cooperate in seeking a solution. breaking down of opposition, the The Ecumenical Conference in conversion of individuals and the 1900 gave the enterprise a new transformation of communities. standing and silenced many critics. Ten years later came the Edin- About a half century ago there burgh Conference that developed came another crisis in missionary the study of the science of mishistory. The infant enterprise had sions. The Jerusalem Conference survived and had grown. Much of followed to emphasize the developthe pioneering had been accom- ment of national churches in misplished. The Church at home had sion lands. International and ingiven evidence of new vitality and terdenominational cooperation has opportunities abroad had enlarged. been promoted by the International Women had entered the mission Missionary Council, and the Nafield to minister to women and chil- tional Christian Councils in the dren. The power of the Gospel to mission fields, to study problems transform people of every race and and policies and to advance with condition had been proved. But a united program. The crisis of the missionary work was largely youth has passed, with thanksgivindividualistic and wholly inade- ing to God for His direction and quate. There was danger lest the the evidence of His power to overgreatness of the opportunity might come. weaken the enterprise. Here was the crisis of youth. Would the The Crisis of Maturity Christians of Europe and America take advantage of the enlarged op- Today we face a new crisis in portunity? W 0 u I d unfriendly Nle history of the Church and in critics of missions discourage the the work of missions. It is the churches or would the critics be crisis of maturity. The adventures silenced ? Would Christians study of pioneering days have almost disthe fields and the methods of ap- appeared. All doors are openproach more earnestly and intellic with the exception of Tibet and gently so as to discover the needs Afghanistan. The unenlightened and how to meet them ? Would the critics have been put to shame and Christian youth volunteer with even nonChristian governments their lives and would Christian lay- have testified to the beneficial inmen respond with their substance fluence of Christianity on the inadequately to meet the situation? tellectual, social and moral life of their people. Mission hospitals and Again this crisis was success- schools have brought blessing to fully passed. The churches were millions that would otherwise have aroused and responded. The Stu- continued in ignorance and sufferdent Volunteer Movement was ing. Four million living converts formed that has enlisted for the are now enrolled in the churches in foreign fields over 12,000 workers. nonChristian lands and these in- Missionary literature grew; many clude some world renowned Ieadnew sending societies were organ-

THE PRJ<::SENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

ers. Churches in the homelands 3. The Crisis in the Churches in have been brought together in a Mission Lands.

united missionary program; books 4. The Crisis in the Home Base and newspapers, students from Churches. abroad and travelers visiting mis- sion lands have made us familiar The Crisis in Mission Lands with world conditions and have de- Any traveler or student of world veloped an understanding of the conditions needs no argument to other man's point of view. The Christian Church has become in- prove that the world itself is at a diginous in the mission fields. crisis.

But today is a day of awakening 1. There is, today, a world-wide youth, a day of scientific investiga- awakening. The ignorance, lethtion, of realism, of skepticism, of argy, and subjection of the masses revision and revolt. The mission- to the favored few or to things as ary enterprise has survived the they have been, is a thing of the threatened dangers of infancy and past. Our recent world journey of youth. revealed everywhere this spirit of What are the dangers that unrest and a desire for change.

threaten its' further development, 1. This is almost universally perchance its very life, in this day true in the political world and is of maturity? The questions arise- no doubt traceable to the influence Shall we retreat or advance? Shall of the World War, to the progress we revise our misisonary ideals, of education, to the rising spirit of our main purpose, our policies, democarcy and to the desire of all our methods? Some are asking people to share in the benefits enanew if the world after all needs joyed in the most favored classes the Gospel of Christ. Is the Gos- or nations. In Egypt and the Sudan, pel effective as a world force to riots are suppressed only with a bring enlightenment, peace, justice strong hand; in Syria the spirit and satisfaction? The World War of revolt against French control has taken the scales from many s I urn be r s but is not quenched; eyes and has revised standards of Palestine is a caldron where Arab life. The crisis of maturity comes oil and Jewish water refuse to mix; from a temptation to complacency; Arabia is in revolt against the Sulfrom an inclination to question the tan, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud; India need for such sacrifice. Men are is still seething with revolt against inclined to cast aside all beliefs and British rule and insistently destandards and to try new theories mands self-government; Moslems of life and liberty. and Hindus vie with each other for In this day of change and re- supremacy; Burma has recently vision we see Christian missions been the scene of riots and rebelfaced by a fourfold crisis. It is a lion; China is torn in all directions time when the enterprise is again by civil war and is the hotbed of in the balance, or at a fork in the pirates, bandits and communists; roads. Let us consider this four- revolution has recently changed fold crisis and how it is to be met. the governments of Turkey, Ger- 1. The Crisis in Mission Land.~. many, Italy, Greece, Serbia, Ire- 2. The Crisis in Missionary Pol· land and Spain. Russia is the icies. Esau among the nations-her hand

against every natioH and every na- cult. This is true in Japan and tion's hand against her. The Latin China, in India and Burma, in American republics are the scenes Persia and Europe. The financial of continued political revolution; depression in lands from which the seeds of rebellion are not ab- missionaries come increases the sent from the United States of problem of adequate support for America and are growing in Great the work. Australia is threatened Brit3,in and the nations of Europe. with bankruptcy, due largely to This universal political unrest prodigal spending. The unemploymay not be wholly evil, but it di- ment problems in England and verts attention from the pursuits North America have 'caused much of peace and makes missionary suffering and have helped to bring work more difficult. In China, for a great decrease in gifts to mis- example, the civil war, riots and sions. The economic depression banditry have resulted in the re- also offers opportunity for worldcent murder of ten or more mis- wide communistic propaganda.

sionaries, in the capture of some 3. The social upheaval in mis- twenty-five others held for ransom, sion lands is another element in the in the looting or destruction of crISIS. Not only has the revolu- churches, schools, and residences tion in Russia elevated the pro- and in the defiling of many of the letariat at the expense of the mission buildings by ruthless sol- intelligentsia but throughout Asia diers. The Chinese pastors, stu- the depressed classes are looking dents and other Christians have with disfavor on the unequal dis- been molested and some of them tribution of wealth and are de- have been killed. It is a critical manding their rights. The social time in every disturbed land. order in India that has for cen- World-Wide Depression turies prevailed, is being chal- lenged. While villages still observe 2. There is also a crisis in mis- caste restrictions, with the advance sion lands due to world-wide eco- of education and the increase of nomic depression. This is the intercommunication, these caste result of war and national debts, rules are difficult to enforce in of drought and floods, of over-pro- cities. At the Round Table Con- duction and selfish competition, of ference in London, caste was dis- unemployment and foolish extrava- regarded by Indian delegates who gance. Korea, for example, is be- agreed to work for its abolition ing materially developed by the when India obtains self-govern- Japanese while the Koreans are ment. This involves many difficul- being impoverished by taxation ties for education is required to and by the introduction of ma- train outcastes in habits of cleanli- chinery which makes hand labor ness and the present social system less in demand. This condition of India requires sweepers to clean makes the development of self- latrines and do similar disagree- supporting churches very difficult. able duties before modern sanita- In all Asiatic lands the masses are tion is generally introduced. Many held down under grinding poverty. social reforms have been intro- While the economic life of some is duced in all mission fields-includ- being raised, that of a still larger ing new marriage laws and the number is being made more diffi- rights of women. But with new

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

liberty to women, without old so- "lose face." Youth is in the saddle.

cial restrictions, there come also Will the result be a dash for liberty many dangers. and a fall, or will the situation 4. The intellectual crisis in mis- come under wise control and evension lands is due to the growth of tuate in intelligent leadership?

education and the introduction of The Present Religious Crisis new ideas from the West. This increased enlightenment has led to 5. The religious crisis in these the breaking down of superstition, mission lands is even more immi- the acceptance of modern science, nent and important. With the in- and the growth of literacy with all troduction of modern education, that it involves. Children are be- the old religious superstitions and coming more sophisticated than customs are bound to go. Idolatry their parents and are breaking must be discarded. The obscene away from parental control. The symbolism and songs and the mor- growth and adoption of new ideas al evils associated with the temples is seen in every mission field, es- in India stand discredited; the pecially perhaps in such lands as ceremony of bathing in filthy Turkey where the whole order and temple tanks and rivers, is already ideal of education have changed. disapproved as breeding disease; Formerly it was illegal to translate the support of parasitic priests in the Koran which was the chief Hindu and Buddhist lands cannot textbook in the schools. N ow it is continue indefinitely. A Ire a d y discarded and the sacred Arabic many temples in India are losing script is replaced by the Roman patronage; hundreds of temples in alphabet, thus closing the door on China are falling into decay or are the past while opening wide the being used for secular purposes; door to modern literature-much in Japan, Shinto worship is being of which is corrupting and athe- accepted as a patriotic rite and istic. Buddhists are imitating Christian The effect of this 'intellectual songs and methods. Even among crisis is seen in a marked degree Moslems the old fanaticism is dein China, where the old Confucian creasing, confidence in the perfecstandards of education have been tion of Mohammed and in the final discarded in favor of modern phil- authority of the Koran is passing, osophy and science. As a result, and reform sects are declaring that everything old and formerly re- while Islam is supreme, all religions vered is being relegated to the are really one. In Africa and the scrap-heap. Students of modern- Pacific Isles, ignorant spirit worism have become self-confident and ship and witchcraft break down aggressive and take delight in under the influence of modern eduiconoclasm. Student strikes are cation.

common in both government and Not only are old beliefs dying mission schools. Resignations of out, and with them many evil cus- presidents and professors are de- toms, but there are passing also manded ; scholastic degrees are many safeguards and regulations considered more desirable than for conduct. There is danger that character or intelligence; faculties all religion may be discarded for are asked to pass students who do a rationalistic and materialistic not meet requirements, less they philosophy of life. This tendency

is seen in an extreme form in Rus- be laid in truth and will more abidsia where Communistic leaders ing and satisfactory superstruchave come out for atheism and tures be built according to "the anti-God societies h a v e bee n pattern in the mount"? Will the formed. Religion is declared to basis of the new structure be mire be a tool of imperialistic capitalism and quicksand rather than rock, and an "opiate of the people." Not and will buildings of wood, hay only is the teaching of religion to and stubble rise instead of stone children forbidden, but the youth and steel? are trained to break down faith in Christ and in all Christian beliefs II. This crisis in mission lands and customs. The results are is also affected by the new and shown in the disregard for truth more intimate contacts of all naand for parental authority, in the tions, races and religions. Isolalight value placed on life, in the tion is a thing of the past. breaking down of morality and the Whether we will or no, each man rejection of all ethical standards is, in some degree, his brother's for life other than those imposed keeper. Where one hundred years by the State. Russia proclaims ago it required seven months to itself a union of Soviet Socialist reach a distant field, today the Republics, but is in reality a des- whole globe can be circled in three potism, and anarchy is controlled weeks in a zeppelin. Where it only by force. In China, India, formerly took a year for letters to Japan, Moslem lands and else- travel, the radio and cable can where, the Christian missionary bring news to the most remote outtoday not only faces the antago- stations in a few minutes. Stanley nism of false religions, but must took three years to find Livingmeet the bitter attacks of anti-re- stone, but today a wireless is set ligious forces. Many young people up in Central Africa and a convereducated in modern colleges at sation is held with Chicago. As a home and in foreign lands have result we not only know what is discarded all religion and now use happening in remote lands almost their intellectual training to fight before it occurs, but the influence Christianity and the missionary of of a battle, a market depression, a Christ. China and Turkey have change in government or a disrequired the exclusion of all reli- aster is felt almost immediately gion from mission schools and col- around the world. If the women leges; Japan and Persia have in America stop wearing silk, it passed laws for the same purpose causes suffering in the villages of and In d i a may discriminate Japan. World-wide travel and disagainst Christianity when self-rule semination of news increases the senses of friendliness or of fricis established. tion. The exclusion law passed in All mission lands, and particu- Washington immediately c au sed anti-American demonstrations in larly the peoples of Asia and Africa, Japan while friendly acts, as in the time of the earthquake, open are in a state of unrest and trans- wide the doors. ition. New forces are coming into play. Old things are passing These closer contacts also help away; an things are becoming to spread disease. It is said that new. Will the new civilizations be the deadI;v influenza epidemic of ynstabl!, or will better foundations

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

1918, which wrought such world- as painted. Books written to show wide havoc, started in central Asia. the b e aut i e s of nonChristian The spread of leprosy and plague faiths, and advocating eclecticism, must be guarded against by rigid have also had an effect of weaken- quarantine; atheistic or commu- ing the conviction of some as to the nistic propaganda e a s i I y and need for Christian missions. Many rapidly spreads from east to west books, magazine articles and lec- and north to south. As in days of tures, written to entertain, show old the same ship carried to Africa only the picturesque side of non- strong drink and Bibles, so today Christian peoples and overlook the the same post carries truth and sordid, the false elements in their falsehood, C h r i s t ian and anti- religions and their lack of power Christian influences. to save men from sin and death.

The Mixture of Faiths For those who accept this view, the nerve of missions is cut at home III. Another factor in this and the people in mission lands are crisis in mission lands, due to the often told that Americans and closer contacts and the interchange British are accepting Hinduism, of ideas, is the mingling of differ- Islam or other cults in place of ent faiths and philosophies and the Christianity. Many, like Mahatma breaking down of religious bar- Gandhi, attempt to add Jesus to riers. the Oriental Pantheon, as merely The people of China and India another honored teacher of morals no longer judge America by the and truth. The clearcut line of missionaries they meet. The World demarkation between the followers War, the coming of students and of Christ and those who reject other travelers to Europe and Him is becoming more faint and America, the spread of the cinema less distinguishable in many cases.

and the work of news gathering Truly there is a modern crisis agencies have raised the question: in mission lands due to the univer- Is the civilization of the Occident sal unrest, to the closer contact be- desirable for Oriental peoples? The tween Orient and Occident, to stories and pictures of murder, distorted views of Christianity and robbery, adultery, unbridled pas- of nonChristian religions, and to sion and other evils, exploited in the weakening of conviction as to the Orient, give as unsavory a view the unique and supreme place of of "Christian" lands from which Christ as the only Saviour of man they come, as does Miss Mayo's and the true revelation of God.

book of the life in India. Natur- Effects and Dangers ally the question is asked by these "heathen": Will we better our con- The effects of this crisis in mis- ditions by becoming Christians? sion lands is most evident today On the other hand, the propa- in an extreme form in Russia.

ganda of Mrs. Annie Besant, the There political unrest has resulted visits to America and Europe by in revolution and the establishment such men as Tagore and the lec- of the "dictatorship of the prole- tures of devotees of Hinduism, tariat"-in reality a despotism in Bahaism and other religions, have the hands of a small committee.

raised doubts in many Occidental Economic revolution has over- minps if these religions are as bad thrown private ownership and man-

agement of industries based on ex- a tory? Jesus Christ faced similar perience, has established nationalized enterprises and done away situation in Palestine in His day, with private ownership. The so- though there was then less power cial upheaval has submerged the in the revolutionary party. That bourgeoise (or upper classes) and was also a time of unrest and a has put the laborers in authority. desire for change. The Jews were Blood has given place to brawn as restive under the rule of Rome so a passport to preferment. Palaces that a class of patriots arose, called are turned into tenements and the zealots. Poverty and wealth were only privileged classes (theoreti- in severe contrast, as is seen in the cally) are those who submerge story of the rich man and Lazarus. individuality in the social mass This caused bitter enmity and disand submit absolutely to the Soviet satisfaction. Sharp social lines regime. The intellectual revolu- were drawn, even among the Jews tion has resulted in the deposition themselves, between pharisees and of intelligentsia, the discarding of publicans, between master and all tradition, the adoption of ma- slave. Intellectual awakening was terialism as the foundation of life, promoted through the influence of and rationalism as the philosophy Greek culture and philosophy. Heof the land. Prurient and blas- brew religious beliefs and practices phemous literature is given free were influenced by those of Egypt, circulation in Russia while the Greece, Babylonia and Rome. publication and distribution of the Bible is banned. The religious up- How did Christ and His apostles heaval has been expressed in icono- turn the unrest and the crisis of clasm and a persistent effort to that day into victory? destroy faith in God, in human responsibility to any power outside First, they made no compromise of the State and in a. denial of with evil or with political forces immortality. Liberty of conscience out of harmony with God and his and freedom to teach religion is program. They fearlesSly and denied. Class hatred is promoted rather than brotherly love. Perse- consistently preached the Kingdom cution and death is the· fate of of God and His righteousness. those who put God first. Man is God and his will came first in their conceived of as a transient and thought and program. intellectual animal without a soul, rather than as a spiritual being Second, they asked no special made in the image of God, with protection or privileges in the dis- Godlike possibilities and destiny. charge of their mission. Jesus In spite of the good elements in the Soviet program of social justice, suffered and died without resistnations that adopt the philosophy ance, though He might have called and program of atheistic commun- on the Father for twelve legions ism start on the road to destruc- of angels to defend Him against tion. His enemies. The apostles fol- lowed His example. How Meet This Crisis Third, they trusted the truth of How is this crisis in mission God, constantly and consistently lands to be met and turned to vic- proclaimed to work a revolution in men's minds and hearts, by the power of the Holy Spirit.

Fourth, they manifested the life and power of God by pure living and loving service without thought

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

of selfish gain or earthly reward. says in his recent book "China's They followed the way of the Cross Rev 0 I uti 0 n from the Inside,"

to victory. though "antiChristian movements We know the result. It required are popular among certain classes time and patience, fidelity and there are no attacks against the suffering, but a small united group person of Jesus" or against His of men and women under the teachings. Spiritua1 forces are leadership of Christ were used to greatest. Mahatma Gandhi, per- transform Europe – politically, haps the finest example of non- economically, socially, intellectually Christian leaders, acknowledges and religiously. Men of different the power of the principles of races came into closer contact and Christ and seeks to follow His ex- into a fuller understanding, but the ample and teachings. Toyohiko standards of the Word of God were Kagawa, the notable Japanese not lowered and the strength of Christian, has won a unique posi- pagan religions was not permitted tion of leadership by sacrificial to dilute the Gospel of Christ. The service and seeks to correct the sovereignty of God was put first evils of the day and to transform and the Spirit of God was the society by love as revealed in Jesus power on which the apostles de- Christ.

pended to carry out the program Spiritual forces must be de- af God. pended upon to turn the crisis in This method of meeting the mission lands into victory. The crisis in mission lands is not out of Church and the representatives of date. The power of God has not Christ must present united forces, waned and is manifest today. The not a divided army, we must ad- dead religion of the Czarist regime vance on our knees, bearing the caused faith to be discarded, but Cross, in the spirit of sacrificial evangelical Christians are exerting service, if the Kingdom of God is a strong influence in Russia in to come and the standard of Christ spite of persecution. Missionaries is to wave supreme over every in China and other lands have re- land. The day wi1l come when nounced protection and special "every knee shall bow and every privileges from secular govern- tongue confess that Jesus Christ is ments. The failure of Christians Lord to the glory of God the to follow fully the teachings of Father"-the day when Christ Christ has caused misunderstand- Himself will return in power to ing and has brought discredit on reign and will subdue all things the Church but, as Dr. R. Y. La unto Himself.

(Next Month-THE CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICY) THE WORLD'S NEED-It is not worth while to cross the street to give India a new religious philosophy. India already has more religions and more philosophy than its people can und,erstand.

It would be a waste {jf time to give China a new code of ethics. Confucius gave the Chinese a vastly better code than they have ever practiced.

There is no need to go across the sea to give Japan a better system of education for the Japanese have all that the West can give them.

But it is worth the sacrifice of money, of comforts, of life itself to carry to India, to China, to Japan, to Africa and other lands the Good News that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners and to reveal God, the Heavenly Father, and to make possible God's way of life for men.

UNHOLY "HOLI" FESTIVAL IN

FROM MISS IVA M. FISH The following private letter has recently come from a missionary friend in India with whom we stayed last year. It expresses a deep need.

T HIS is the big day of that Last Monday when I was visiting disgusting Hindu hoi ida y in one of the Hindu homes, the "Holi." Because of this re- women said, "Do you see the pic- ligious festival I am not able to go tures on that calendar in front of into the city to teach this week. you? They killed a Sahib." It Yesterday we went in a motor was a picture of two young Indian lorry to a small place about sixty men dressed in European clothes.

miles from here. In the jungle we "But why do you have the pic- ran out of gas and had to wait ture of murderers in your house?"

there for two hours. It was the I asked. The reply came smilingly night when Hindus light the big and rather proudly, "They killed a bonfire which is part of this cele- white man."

bration. Another woman and I had "Why'!" I asked.

to wait at a crossroads alone for a "Gandhi Ji," was all she would time and as we sat on a stone by say.

the wayside, people from the vil- One morning I was coming lage came into the jungle, hunting along a narrow city street, and anything that would burn. Their just ahead of me saw a young man, shouts, as they found cow-dung with his head turned in the other or other inflammable material, direction, just finishing his toilette sounded like a mob of fiends. It on the front verandah. He was made the chills run down my back tying his dhoties (loose trousers).

to hear them. He put his hand inside the door We were thankful to reach home and brought out a terrible looking safely, but since midnight crowds knife, full twelve inches long, of men, covered with red color, which he stuck in the side of his have passed our house beating dhoties at the waist. He pulled drums and singing vile songs. I down his long shirt and walked am told that at this festival time away. One, who had not seen what the women sing and repeat to one had hapened would have thought another such obscene things that he was an innocent, peaceful young if they did it at any other time of man. I wondered how many of the the year, their husbands would kill men whom I pass every day are them! The very beat of the drums thus prepared for eventualities.

indicate that the songs are evil. Poor India.

The educated young men claim Pray for the Indian Church.

that they do not take part in this Next week is a week of evangel- festival, but it seems impossible ism. From the indifference of that all are uneducated who are the many Indian Christians, it passing our house today, This is seems that unless missionaries do a horrible curse of Hinduism! most of the work, the week will not The religion of these people be very fruitful. The time has sanctions murder and obscenity. come when these Indian Christians 444

MISS SUSIE SORABJI, OF POONA

should evangelize their own coun- wasted in thinking of authority, try, but too often they seem to money and honors. Until foreign think most about the money which and Indian Christian ideals and the West sends to this land, and desires harmonize and are the who is to have the spending of it. same as those of our Master, to bring men and women out of dark- We all need to be fired by the ness into His glorious light, we Holy Spirit with a zeal for Christ. cannot walk together. Why should Last Sunday I felt intensely the not all the members of the Indian pain and burden of it all. The Church learn to look upon it as a Christian women in my Bible class duty and privilege to tell the story agreed that they should be wit- of the love of Christ? In my ears nesses for Christ, but they quite I hear, "Ye must be born again" calmly acknowledged they did not and I know that when we have a have enough love for the Lord. Church made up wholly of "born- How greatly we need a revival! If again Christians" then it will be Christians truly know their Sav- a witnessing Church and a Church iour there will be much more time with power. May God hasten the spent in bringing others to a day! knowledge of Him, and less time MISS SUSIE SORABJI, OF POONA T HE Rev. Sorabji Kharsedji Helena's is a co-educational and in- and his wife were pioneers of ternational school, meant chiefly progress and education in the Bombay Presidency. He was one of for Parsees, but in which seven difthat famous group of Parsee stu- ferent nationalities are repredents who many years ago became Christians in Bombay. Susie was sented. the sixth daughter, and the son was The children come as babies to a well-known barrister of North India. All the daughters were un- the Kindergarten and grow up tousually brilliant and their activi- gether, which has made co-educaties brought them into touch with tion a success. St. Helena's is a English and American life. One corporation of friends, and looks of them is a Christian woman bar- upon differences as new species of rister who recently toured Amer- gifts to be contributed to the servica, and another is Mrs. Pennell, ice of the world in the name of the the widow of the famous mission- "family." Some leave St. Helena's ary physician of the Afghan fron- for university or professional life tier. Susie Sorabji had travelled in India or overseas; some to sit extensively in England and Amer- on the gadis of some Hindu or Mosica. She was a very well educated lem State; many to marry and and capable teacher, giving un- send the second generation to regrudgingly honorary service, first vive old memories and uphold the to the Victoria High School, traditions of the school. founded by her mother, and later to St. Helena's, Poona, which is The Saint Helena High School her great gift to the world. St. was one of the great educational institutions in Poona, where there are seven colleges and the same number of high schools. The insti- tution ministers to a large number

of the higher classes-some of by ill-health; was almost blind due them the children of chiefs and to an operation for glaucoma in rajas. With the help of American 1909; she had a weak heart; had and Canadian friends Miss Sorabji four attacks of pneumonia in a purchased the valuable property, year, and in 1927 faced a major opand put up the buildings. The de- eration which few in her state of velopment of this work was in a health ever survive. Her faith was great measure due to the generos- unshakable, and she was a triumity of Miss Helen Gould (now Mrs. phant Christian. Finley J. Shepard) who met Miss Sorabji in America. This is why During her illness the people it is called the Saint Helena High who poured into her gates to say, School. "This and this she did for me," said also, "We have never seen such love Miss Sorabji was a wonderfully fine personality. There was some- and such nobility." "We love her thing queenly about her-a tal- and we want to do something for ented, gracious personality consecrated to the great work of bring- her." Old boys and girls came ing Christ to his Indian throne. from all distances to see her once more. N ow her pupils, past and Miss Sorabji not only shared in present, desire to enlarge the Scithe teaching of the High School, ence Building in her memory, and but she superintended also and con- to help carryon her work and her trolled two vernacular schools, one ideals as far as they may. for Hindu and one for Moslem children, to which schools also she Miss Sarabji was a member of gave appropriate buildings. And the Church of England and to that in addition the Women's Council, church the responsibility for mainthe Y. W. C. A., the Soldier's taining the school has been as- Home, the Women's Prison, the signed. Poor House, the Asylum, Scouts and Guides and Blue Birds, and min- Throughout her life Miss Sorabji istering to children, the Kaiser-i- exerted a decided Christian influ- Hind Chapter of the Canadian Daughters of the Empire, of which ence in her Bible classes, in her she was Regent-every kind of public addresses and in her perwork for women and children had sonal contacts. When Mrs. Naidu her cooperation and sympathy. was detained in the Poona jail, Miss Sorabji visited her several She was utterly unsparing of times, presented her with a Bible, herself. She poured out love on and evidently got near the heart of everyone around her. No one in that great Indian woman leader. trouble ever lacked sympathy when It was a thrilling moment at the she knew of the trouble. In the busiest of weeks, not long before funeral service when Canon she died, she found time to call and sympathize with a Parsee ex-pupil Butcher announced to the great about the death of a beloved dog. gathering of Parsees, Hindus, Mo- Miss Sorabji was handicapped hammedans and Christians that the fine cultured Parsee lady-Miss Sorabji's right hand and fellow worker in the Saint Helena School -had just resolved to give herself to Christ.

fTHODS fOR WO……_a

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK The editor of this Department de- hands remain clasped on breast while sires to g;ve credit to Mrs. Frank face is lifted heavenward, but at the Rector of 80 Clyde St., Pawtucket, R. words "earthly night," droops again I., for the fine methods contributed by on breast through remainder of the her to the November and December stanza and remains so until the end issues. The devotional aervice in the of the line, "More than thy tongue can November issue is particularly usable. tell." At beginning of line, "To bring ALL FOR CHRIST my wandering sheep," the clasped hands are slowly stretched out to ex- By MAMIE GLASSBURNER OF CHINA treme front and unclasped, and palms (This is a very effective program for turned upward. With a sweeping mo- tion the hands move apart to extreme use either in home or foreign mission right and left, when the palms become fields. It can. be adapted to any church horizontal, and then with an enclosing audience.) On the platform should be erected gesture, cross handa upon the breast, either a large white or a large remaining to end of the stanza.

rustic cross, the crosspiece of which At words "And I have brought to should be at least a foot above the thee" face and eyes are lifted toward head of the tallest participant in the heaven. At "Salvation full and free,"

pageant. The background should be both arms are extended upward in a covered with dark blue hangings or receiving gesture. At "What hast with branches of trees. The "Disci- thou brought to me" hands are again ples" ·should be seated in various parts pressed upon the breast, while eyes of the audience and approach as continue to gaze heavenward.

though in spontaneous response to the At the words "I consecrate my life,"

appeal. the eyes rest upon the crosspiece and As the organist begins to play "I both hands are extended toward the gave my life for thee," Evangelist foot of the cross in a gesture of sur- takes her place on the plat:f'orm near render, which is held through the the cross. After the prelude the choir remainder of the stanza, when Evan- begins to sing. At the words, "I gave gelist clasps her hands upon her my life for thee," she clasps her hands breast, and lifts face and eyes toward on a level with her breast and about heaven and prays: a foot in front of her, lifts her head "Our Lord, how matchless is thy and gazes intently at the middle of grace! You were rich but for our the crosspiece, remaining in this at- sakes you became poor that we, titude until the end of the first stanza. through your poverty, might be made With the line "I labored many years rich. You left the glory of heaven; for thee" the clasped hands rest upon you toiled through weary years; you the breast. The head droops low and suffered scoffing and insult; you were moves slowly from straight front po- nailed to the cross to purchase for us sition to extreme left, then slowly to the gift unspeakable. Yet shall we extreme right, and again to straight take thy gifts and nothing to thee front, and droops on breast through bring? Awaken us! Forgive our cold- remainder of stanza. ness! Show us what we may bring At the words "My Father's house" to thee! Amen."

447

(Hands are dropped to sides and self involves much. The members of face is turned to audience.) one'·s body, one's thoughts, one's powers, and one's purposes are all in- "Fellow Christians, our Lord Jesus cluded and should all be fully yielded Christ came to earth to establish to His perfect will. Lips that are God's Kingdom of Righteousnes·s; to given to Him not only should refrain preach deliverance to the captives; from evil and untrue speaking; they and recovering of sight to the blind; should comfort the sad, encourage the to set at liberty them that are bruised. disheartened, and dissuade them bent on wrongdoing; and they should ever "To carry out this program, our be bearing witness to the goodness Lord depended on no other force than and power of God. Hands and feet the transforming power of sacificial that belong to Him should not only love. He himself loved and sacrificed keep themselves from actual sin; they to the uttermost and then turned over should labor to relieve the need of the accomplishment of his great pur- others; they should help the weak; pose to his followers, and that trust they should run on errands of mercy. has at last been passed on to you and to me. In Christ we have found for- "The disciple who has given himself giveness of sin; in Him we have wholly to Christ will not use his Godgained a peace and joy that the world given mental powers for selfish gain. can neither give nor take away. In His eloquence will be spent in explain- Him we have found true freedom. In ing the truth and exposing error and Him we have' found light upon our superstition; his memory will recall way and the hope of eternal life. But the labors and sufferings and necessihow many of our brothers and sisters ties of others; his imagination wiIl still are strangers to Him and to his find new ways to uplift society and to grace! Is this because of our careless- abolish its inj ustices and inequalities. ness and our selfishness? When on the His thoughts will not dwell on vain cross He cried, "I thirst," it was not ·sensualities but on whatsoever things the physical distress but the symbol are true, whatsoever things are honof His unquenchable yearning for the est, whatsoever things are just, whatsalvation of the world and for the con- soever things are lovely, whatsoever summation of the Kingdom of Right- things are of good report. eousness. "Are you willing to give yourself to "To be saved the world must believe Him?" on Him of whom they have not heard; how shall they hear without a First Disciple: "This is indeed my preacher; and how shall they preach purpose; but only as His Spirit a·ssists unle·ss they be sent? To go, to preach, me can 1 hope to reach the high ideal and to send, requirEs the sacrifice of which you have set before me." (Lays time, of money, and of life. Who then her flag at the foot of the cross and is willing to consecrate his service this kneels while the choir sings, "Take day unto the Lord?" my life and let it be consecrated Lord bo thee" first, second, fourth, and fifth (Choir again sings softly the first stanzas.) stanza of "I gave my life for thee." First Disciple approaches carrying the Evangel.ist: "Disciple arise!" (She red flag of personality.) hands back the flag) "Christ has ac- cepted your gift. He now gives it Evangelist greets her: "Disciple, back to you to use for Him as He shall what gift do you bring to our Lord 1" direct." (Gives her a lighted candle.) "This is the symbol of your consecra- First Disciple answers: "Evangel- tion. From henceforth your acts of ist, as I think of the grace of our kindness, your holy example, your Lord Jesu·s Christ 1 deeply desire to constructive thoughts, and the tes.tigive myself to Him; but I do not mony of your lips will be as a light to clearly apprehend how this is done."

Evangelist: "Consecration of one-

19311 M~THObs t6R W6RKERS

those about you. Guard your light enough to provide the necessities of and let it not grow dim." life, he will not enrich himself from profit 'on their toil. Moreover, as God (Choir sings first stanza and chorus has directed in His Word, He will of, "We'll walk in the Light." During give the tithe of his income to the supsinging second Disciple appear·s.) port of the church and its manifold forms of social service. Disciple, are Evangelist greets her: "Welcome you ready to accept this solemn refriend! Have you something to con- sponsibility?" secrate to the service of Jesus Christ?" Second Disr:iple: "I am ready. May God help me to be a faithful steward Second Disciple: "Once I craved the of that which He has given to me." wealth of the world. All my strength (Lays his golden treasure box at the and thought have gone to the acquisi- foot of the cross and kneels while the tion of silver and gold and the things choir sing·s, "Take my silver and my that silver and gold could purchase, gold: Not a mite would I withhold." houses, land, food, and clothes. Now, E1Jangelist lays his hand on the dissaved by His great love, I gladly bring ciple's shoulder, Disciple. arises. my wealth to Him. One thing however troubles me; the Lord whom we Evangelist hands him the golden worship is an unseen spirit. How can box and says: "Christ accepts the of- He use my wealth? How can I give it fering you have brought. He now to Him?" returns it to you, trusting you to re- member that it is no longer yours but Evangelist: "At the last great day, His. As you use it for Him it will the King of kings shall say to His bring joy toO the sad and hope to the faithful servants, 'Come, ye blessed of disheartened. It will enable those now my Father, inherit the kingdom pre- crushed in poverty to live a more pared for you from the foundation of abundant life, and it will bring the Gospel of Christ to those who have the world: for l was an hungered, and never heard it. So I give toO you this candle as the badge of your stewardye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ship. Now it is required of stewards ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, that a man be found faithful, so keep and ye took me in: naked, and ye your light burning." clothed me: I Was sick and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came (Second Disciple takes her place by unto me. the cross while the choir sings the second stanza and chorus of "We'll "'Then shall the righteous answer walk in the light." Third Disciple aphim, saying, Lord, when saw we thee proaches, carrying a small clock or a an hungered and fed thee? or thirsty large dial clearly marked, so as toO be and gave thee drink? … or naked and seen by the entire aUdience.) clothed thee? or when saw we thee sick or in prison, and came unto thee?' Evangelist: "Friend, what offering dD you bring to the cause .of Christ?" "'And the King shall answer and say unto them, "Verily I say unto you, Third Disciple: "I am naturally in- Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one dolent and fond of pleasure. I have of the least of these my brethren, ye wasted many hours, and days, and have done it unto me.'" years. Today I woOuld bring my time toO Christ. Will you tell me how I may "Disciple, do you not know that all offer it to Him?" of the poor of the earth, the helpless widows, the fatherless children, are Evangelist: "Friend, our Lord is the brothers and sisters of our Lord. indeed pleased with this offering of Therefore to give one's wealth to Him yours. His righteous kingdom has is to administer it for others. While been hindered in its progress nDt only others are hungry the true disciple by lack of men and money, but also cannot eat and drink extravagantly. because there are so many kinds of While others have no place of shelter, he cannot live in luxury. While the wages of the laboring man are not 4

kingdom services that no one has time other six days to glorify Christ and to perform. How many mothers work advance His Kingdom. all day al!d far into the night, they have no time to read their Bibles no "Disciple, do you renounce leisure opportunity to go to church, no time and vain pleasure to use your time for recreation, because the young peo- a-s your Lord shall direct?" ple 'of the family thoughtlessly spend their time for pleasure instead of us- Disciple: "I renounce them: my ing it to help lighten the burdens of God strengthen my purpose." (Lays others, which is one of the simplest the clock at the foot of the cross and ways of giving it to Christ. kneels.) "How many illiterate people there Choir sings: are! They have no money to enter school; and they cannot leave their "Take my moments and my days families or their daily tasks. If some- Let them flow in ceaseless praise one would give of his leisure to teach B~es.sing others as I go, them an hour each evening after the LIftmg loads, returning woe." day's work is done, they would in time become able to read and to write and Evangelist draws near and speaks: tQ gather truth for themselves from the Word of God which is now sealed "Disciple ari-se! Your prayer of conto them. A good way to give your time to Christ is to teach those who secration has been heard. Your time are untaught. is hencefonth His; but He trusts you "Think how many sick there are with no one to bring them a refresh- to use it for Him." (Hands her the ing draught when they are thirsty; no one to bathe them when they are in clock) "Used for Him it will bring fever; no .one to wash and change their clothes and bedding. To use cheer to the disconsolate, relief to the one's time to comfort and care for those who are suffering in weakness overburdened, and light to those who and pain is another way to give it to Christ. now sit in darkness. Therefore, I give "Again, the true disciple should you this lighted candle as the fitting strive for a constantly enriching personality. His learning and his knowl- emblem of your trust. His light will edge of the truth should be ever on the increase: so another method of shine upon your way, and as you consecrating one's time to the Master is to set apart a portion of it for the faithfully walk in its radiance it will study of the Bible and the reading of other helpful books. grow brighter and brighter unto the "The first step in the consecration perfect day." (Hands her the candle of time is the keeping of the Sabbath as Chri-st kept it; refraining from and choir sings "We'll walk in the one's ordinary tasks; meeting with other disciples for praise, prayer, and Ii g h t." The Fourth Disciple apinstruction in the things of the Spirit; and engaging in special acts proaches wearing a carpenter's apron 'of mercy and religious service. He, who thus sanctifies one day in seven, in the pocket of which is a plane and will not easily forget that all of his time is holy, and he will not fail to square. Evangelist greets her.) find guidance as to how to use the Fourth Disciple: "EvangeJi.s.t, I too, love the Lord and realize something of the depths of His grace. I, too, long for the coming of His Kingdom and of righteousness; but what have I to offer Him 1 I have no time no money, no learning." '

Evangelist: "Friend, what have you in your pocket?"

(Disciple draws out plane and square.) "These are my carpenter's plane and square,"

Evangelist: "Why do you not give them to Christ 1"

Disciple: "Do I dare offer such coarse and common things to Him?"

Evangelist: "The plane and square are the emblems of your toil. Do you not know that toil is honorable in the sight of God? Our Lord Jesus grew

METHODS FOR WORKERS

up in the family of a laborer. He nance will illumine your heart and Himself was a carpenter but His work life. Take then this light as the was good and true. symbol of your consecrated labor; keep it burning until you hear His "In establishing His KingdQm of final 'well done, gO<Jd and faithful Love, our Lord needs, not only the servant.' " (Disciple takes the plane personality, the wealth, and the time and square and the lighted candle.) of His followers, but also their fine, true labor. To give our labor to Him Choir sings: "We'!I walk in the not only means that we will not slight light." (lilr work nor seek for undue profit from it, it also means that we will Fifth Disciple advances bringing do it with His joy and with His heart with him his elderly mother, his of love. The house built by the Chris- grown-up son, his daughter-in-law, tian carpenter sh()uld be m<Jre endur- and his younger daughter. The daughmg than <Jthers, that men may dwell ter-in-Iaw should lead by the hand a in comfort. The field worked by the small granddaughter four or five years Christian farmer should yield more of age. than others, that the world's hunger may be fed. The home of the Chris- Evangelist greets Disciple and says: tian housekeeper should be cleaner "Disciple, who are these with you? Have you anything to consecrate to lie than others, that the health of the the ~ervice of the Lord?"

village may promoted. The burden Disciple: "This is my family" carried by the Christian loadman and (pointing to each) "my mother, my the boats rowed by the Christian boat- son, my daughter-in-law, my little men should reach their destination daughter, my grandchild. My family sooner than others, that the commu- is the m<Jst precious thing that I have. nications of the country may be mQre I would bring it to Christ." effective. Moreover, the Christian workman should be constantly finding Evangelist: "Disciple, your purpose new and better methods of work that gives me great joy. If all the folcivilization may be advanced. lowers of Christ had but brought their families to Him, His Kingdom would "Disciple will you consecrate your have come long ago. Since you have labor to the service <Jf Christ?" this thought in your heart, it is im- portant that you should understand Disciple: "I will," (Lays his im- the real character of the Christian plements at foot Qf cross and kneels home." in prayer.) Disciple: "Say on, Sir." Choir sings: Evangelist: "Marriage, which is "Take my work as done for Thee the foundation of the family, should May each task completed be, be, in the Christian home, a holy fel- Faithful, earnest, wrought in love. lowship. This young couple" (indicat- That Thy sway may onward move." ing) "should love, chefi.sh, and trust each other, through joy and sorrow, Evangelist: "Disciple arise and through life and death. The spiritual hear the word of the Lord! 'Whatso- life of the home should be carefully ever thy hand findeth to do, do it with nurtured; and each day the entire thy might, not slothful in business; family should gather for united fervent in spirit; serving the Lord.' prayer and study of God's Word. The Lord has accepted and sanctified This is indeed, the prerequisite of your plane and square. All the work true piety and virtue. All the memthat you do with them is to be His bers of the Christian family should work. It will make your fellow men be able to read. Is this true of happy; it will cause those who do not yours?" yet recognize Christ as Lord, to glorify Him on your account; and Disciple: "My son reads but my as you work the light of His counte- daughter-in-law does not."

Evan.rrelist: "Your mother?" represents labor, often inadequately Disciple: "She had no opportunity compensated, on the part of others, to study when she was young." and to be extravagant or wasteful of Evangelist: "Your little daughter?" food and clothing is a wrong against Disciple: "She has not yet begun to society as a whole. study." Evangelist: "Each evening, after "Moreover, the Christian family is the work is done you should all' as- not content to dwell in peace and love semble for an hour or two of study. itself. Its thought goes out to the Begin with this" (draws a book of weak and unfortunate, and out of its "Probationer's lessons" from his own thrift each member gives regupocket) "It is called the 'Learner's larly and systematically to missionary Handbook' and is just the thing for and philanthropic enterprises. beginners." (Disciple receives it with thanks.) "Disciple, the standard for a Chris- "The Christian home, should be tian home is high. It is not easily sanitary, clothing, food, floors, and reached, but those who determine to furniture should be clean; and every attain the goal not only gain a new room should be open to the fresh air joy and richness of life for themand sunlight. selves and their dear ones; they also "In the Christian home, the father mightily advance the Kingdom of and mother 'should be gentle and lov- God on earth. Are you fully pering and the children should be filial suaded?" and obedient. All should have times of play together, that no barriers of Disciple: "My decisi~n is made. misunderstanding may grow up be- May God assist my weakness and may tween parents and children. They His Spirit touch the heart of each of should go together to church and to these, my loved ones." (Turning to Sunday school to gain instruction in them.) "Will you come with me?" the truth and also to gain the benefit (Kneels while choir sings "The Home of fellowship with other Christians in Transfnrmed by Christ." As these prayer and praise. stanzas are sung, the daughter kneels "Have you any hired help in your on one side of the disciple, the son on the other side. Later the mother and home?" little granddaughter kneel at the side Disciple: "We have a young wom- of the son. Last of all the daughter- in-law speaks to the work woman, and an who helps my daughter-in-law with together they kneel beside the daugh- ter. At the words, "Filled with joy the housework." like that above," all stand and sing EvangeUst.· "Why did you not bring the chorus. At the close of the chorus EvangeUst gives a lighted candle to her with you?" Disciple.) Disciple: "I did not realize that she Evangelist: "The Christian Home should be included." is a lighthouse in the darkness of the Evangelist: "Of course she is in- present social order. Take this as a parable of your high calling in Christ cluded: In Christ there are no class Jesus and may each member of your distinctions; all should be treated as family circle be a light bearer to brothers and sisters. Her work neighbors and friends." (Gives Disshould not be too heavy and her hours ciple a candle for each member of the not too long." family. After Disciple has given each one his candle, each one lights Daughter-in-law: "I will call her." his from Disciple's candle, after which (Goes out and returns with work all sing with the choir, "We'll walk in woman. Evangelist greets her and the light.") The Sixth Disciple adcontinues.) vances carrying the banner of the Chinese Republic. "The Christian home should be thrifty. All should be taught to remember that each grain of rice, and each thread of cotton, wool, or silk,

Evangelist: "Welc'Ome, my y'Oung (Gives the flag back to Disciple and friend! What gift d'O you bring t'O continues.) our Christ?" "YDur l'Ove of country is a gift frDm Disciple: "My heart's desire and G'Od Himself. May its sacrificial prayer t'O G'Od f'Or my c'Ountrymen is flame, like the light 'Of this candle, that they might be saved. On every m'Ount higher and higher. Let it never side I see my own people in peril and grow dim." (Gives her the light.) distress. In what pr'Ovince is the Choir sings: "We'll Walk in the sound of battle not heard? In what Light." (Seventh Disciple comes f'Or- country is there not strife and oppres- ward with a large key in her hand.

siGn? In what city do~s not the terr'Or Evangelist welcDmes her: "Disciple, 'Of plague stalk rampant? In which what 'Offering dD Y'OU bring tD y'Our village are the larger part 'Of the Saviour?"

populace n'Ot illiterate and supersti- Disciple: "When I began tD f'OlI'Ow tious? A£ I have bro'Oded 'Over these Christ, He gave me this key with the things I have c'Ome t'O the realizati'On c'Ommand t'O use it 'Often and the that apart fr'Om Christ's law 'Of love, promise that as I did so I w'Ould find there is n'O hope for China. I w'Ould grace t'O help in time 'Of need, p'Ower bring my CDuntry to Christ, but I f'Or service, and blessing for 'Others: kn'Ow n'Ot h'Ow it is done. Can y'OU but as I was busy ab'Out many things help me?" I f'OrgDt the c'Ommand and the prom- Evangelist: "My friend, y'Our dream ise, and neglected the key till, as YDU is a noble 'One. China is the largest see, it has bec'Ome old and rusty and and m'Ost p'Opul'Ous c'Ountry in the difficult to use: yet, since He gave it w'Orld. China for Christ means the t'O me, it must be of value and I bring world for Christ. When the Kingdom it t'O find how I may c'Onsecrate it t'O 'Of G'Od is established in China it will His service." surely be quickly established in all the earth. But to save 'One's countrymen Evangelist takes the key, examines is n'Ot an easy task. He who cherishes it and says: "Ah! this is the key 'Of this ambition must ren'Ounce vain prayer. The p'Ower 'Of prayer is the pleasure and luxury. He must sacri- m'Ost mysteri'Ous and precious gift fice time and money and the comf'Orts granted to the Christians. Prayer is of h'Ome t'O proclaim Christ'£ way 'Of talking with G'Od. Prayer heals the life. He must be prepared to endure sick and casts out dem'Ons. Prayer scorn and persecution. Paul, t'O save brings the fullness of the Spirit. In his c'Ountrymen, suffered impris'On- 'Ourselves we have nD strength t'O help ment and death. Christ's passi'On for 'Our faculty and friends. We have n'O the salvati'On of his own nation led p'Ower t'O reform society 'Or save 'Our him to Calvary and the shameful c'Ountry. G'Od'·s grace and power are cr'Oss. If y'OU can walk in His £teps, limitless. He waits t'O give them t'O regardless 'Of pain and toil, He wi1l all who need: but that n'One may use use you t'O brlng China t'O Himself: them wr'Ongfully 'Or lightly, he has laid but remember that no man having put d'Own the simple restricti'On that they his hand to the pi'Ow and lo'Oking back are given only t'O thDse wh'O pray in is fit f'Or the Kingd'Om of G'Od." Jesus' name and f'Or His sake.

Disciple: "I have already put my "In all'Owing y'Our key 'Of prayer t'O hand to the plow, I d'O not intend t'O rest in idleness, y'Ou have l'Ost many turn back. My heart's desire and priceless blessings for y'Ourself and prayer is China for Christ." (He for 'Others. In establishing His Kingkneels and lays his flag at the f'O'Ot 'Of d'Om 'On earth, 'Our L'Ord must use the the crDss.) pers'Onality, the wealth, the time, and the lab'Or 'Of His f'OIlDwers. He needs Choir sings: "China f'Or Christ." their families and their l'Ove 'Of c'Oun- try. But if he has all 'Of these with- Evangelist: "D i sci pie arise!" 'Out their persistent, believing prayer,

He is ·still hindered and restricted in is still on the platform the pastor the carrying out of His great prog- should make a plea for consecration, ress. If you really plan to further and an opportunity should be given the interests of His Kingdom by your for those who are already Christians intercession, you must say farewell to manifest their purpose, and f'Or to worldliness and selfish desires, and nonChristians to decide f'Or Christ.

seek constantly to enter into His thought and plans. Begin by setting HYMNS USED apart an early morning hour for "Fr'Om Ocean Unto Ocean" and "0 prayer. Each day your key will be- Happy Home" will be found in come brighter and the door to His "Hymns for the Living Age." The storeroom of grace will open more two hymns "I Gave My Life for Thee" easily until you reach the goal of and "Take My Life" are familiar to all program builders. constant communion with Him so that no matter when or where, you can ask and receive whatever you and ALL FOR JESUS others need for the progress of His Kingdom." (Hands back the k€y,) All for Jesus, all for Jesus, all my be- "He waits and longs for intercessor·s. ing's ransomed power Will you be one?" All my thoughts and words and doings, Disciple: "I will. May he forgive all my dars and all my hours my indifference." (Disciple lays key at foot of cross and kneels while choir All for Jesus, al for Jesus, all for Jesus, sings "What various hindrances we all for Jesus meet.") All my being's ransomed p'Ower, all my Evangelist: "Disciple arise, Take days and all my hours.

up the key that He gave to you and Let my hands perform His bidding, let use it faithfully till His blessed King- my feet run in His ways dom come. Prayer is not only a key; Let my eyes see Jesus only. Let my lips it is an altar flame and a cloud of in- speak forth His praise cense rising heavenward. This candle All for Jesus, all for Jesus, all f'Or Jesus, all for Jesus Let my feet run in His ways, Let my lips speak forth His praise.

is the seal of your stewardship of JESUS THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD intercession, guard it with zealous (Sing one stanza after each Disciple care." (Gives her the candle.) lights his candle.) Choir with disciples sing: "We'll walk in the light" after which Evan- Hark the herald angels sing, Jesus the gelist lifts face heavenward and prays: Light of the wDrld.

"Our Lord, Thy sacrificial love has Gl'Ory t'O the new-born King, Jesus the moved us to bring to Thee our all. Light 'Of the w'Orld.

We believe thou hast accepted the We'll walk in the light, beautiful light gift and made us stewards of thy manifold grace. Help us to be faith- Come where the dewdrops of mercy are ful, that, through the constant en- bright Shine all around us by day and by night Jesus the Light of the world.

richment of personality, through the J 'Oyful all ye nations rise, Jesus the Light unselfish administration of wealth and of the w'Orld time, through joyful and creative labor through unceasing intercession, Join the triumphs of the skies, Jesus the Light 'Of the world.

thY' Name may be glorified and thy Christ by highest heaven adored. Jesus righteous Kingdom may fully come. the Light 'Of the w'Orld Amen." Christ the everlasting Lord, .Jesus the (As E van gel i s t concludEs the Light of the world.

prayer, all turn slightly toward the Hail the heaven-born Prince 'Of Peace, cross and join the choir in singing. Jesus the Light of the w'Orld. "All for Jesus, all for Jesus.") Hail the Sun 'Of Righteousness, Jesus the At the close of this, while the group Light 'Of the world.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions 01 North America PROMOTING WORLD PEAQE program meetings. This list is 5 cents. One of the methods for interesting A TRIP TO ALASKA people in World Peace is the small Books are keys to wisdom's treasure; stamp picturing a white dove hover- Books are gates to lands of pleasure; Books are paths that upward lead; ing in a blue sky over the earth, to be Books are friends. Come, let us read.

used on personal and official corre- If you cannot go in physical person to "The Great Country," let your mind spondence in the same way as the Red and spirit be refreshed and invigor- ated by reading the three breezy, Cross seals and World Day of Prayer graphic books by Mary Lee Davis that most delightfully take you there and seals. These W.arld Peace stamps are let you see the land and the people, and feel the general atmosphere. They 1 cent each and may be are full of interesting information charmingly presented and authenti- Ig procured from any wom- cally accurate. They ,should be read . en's denominatio'nal board in the following order; . or from the Council of . Women for Home Mis- "Uncle Sam's Attic."t About the land. : ~C 416 pages; 53 illustrations; $3.50. sions in sheets of 25 or "Alaska, the Great Bear's Cub."t 100. They have been About the wild life; 314 pages; 27 illus- gotten out by the Coun- trations; $2.00.

cil and that organization "We Are Alaskans."! About the peo- ple. Ready in July. will place the proceeds in the Eva The announcement t r u I y says; Clark Waid Memorial Fund for World "Here is an all Alaskan tour, person- ally conducted by an Alaskan 'Sour- Peace. dough' !

Besides the book, "The Turn To- "Alaska is not a fish pond but a colony -of Americans shaping with ward Peace," by Mr,s. Boeckel, spoken their bare hands a new empire over- seas for Uncle Sam. Alaska is not an about elsewhere in this BULLETIN, ice-land but a green-land-and not a land of cold and gold so much as a the r e is the printed program,* land of wheat and heat! This is the new dramatic picture drawn by Mary "Blessed Are the Peacemakers," pre- Lee Davis in telling of her own eight intimate years aloft in Uncle Sam's pared by the Federation and Council, Attic. Drawn to the High North by a love of great adventure, she has here in distribution of which the National drawn the High North as a land of great beauty-watomly, in pers-on, and Council of Federated Church Women with deep affection and understand- ing." also shares. This program takes an hour and a half and is suitable for a women's society, young people's group, or any denominational or interdenomi- national group interested in interna- tional relations. It is priced at 2 cents, $1.75 per 100 and is procurable from any women's denominational headquarters.

There is also the mimeographed, carefully selected bibliography and list of study coursest including short discussion courses (some in the form of questions and answers) suitable for •Appeared in Reptember. 1930, issue. t By ~lary L{)e Dayis. PulJlishNl h;y ,,~. A. tAppeared In February, 1931, Issue. Wilde Co., Boston.

455

MISSIONARY EDUCATION course offers suggestions for use of the report of the North American Home Missions Home Missions Congress, and a lim- ited number of other sources that will The home mi·ssion study program be valuable for reference in a study for 1931-32 includes two most inter- of the whole home mission enterprise. esting themes: "The Call to the Themes for devotional periods and Churches from the North American guides for discussion are included. Home Missions Congress" for adults and older young people; "Christianity God and the. Census,' by Robert N. and Rural Life in America" for In- McLean of the Board of National Mistermediates and children. sions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.; author of That Mexican, Jump- In preparation for the North Ameri- ing Beans, etc. In this interesting can Home Missions Congress which book Dr. McLean tells how the home met at Washington in December, 1930, missionaries for more than a century commissions were appointed which un- have been working at great cost in an dertook thoroughgoing studies of effort to make sure that God was beevery phase of home missions. The ing counted in the life of every dediscussions and findings of the con- veloping community on our advancing gress based on these studies have frontiers. The book is rich in stories brought before the churches a new of daring men and women who have outlook and a new challenge in regard been pioneers of the Gospel in every to the Christian task in America. part of America and in new and dif- ficult areas of our national life today. It has been the purpose of the au- In concrete terms Dr. McLean has thors treating this subject to bring shown what the home mission enterout some of the practical, outstanding prise has come to be and the many i·ssues which the congress faced in a phases of its task as revealed by the frank study of conditions in our coun- Washington Congress. try. Leader's Manual to Accompany God The home mission publications are and the Census: by Sue Weddell, Exprepared and published jointly by the ecutive Secretary, Young Women's Council of Women for Home Missions Department, Reformed Church in and the Missionary Education Move- America. This pamphlet presents ment. practical and interesting plans for ac- tivities in study, discussion, and serv- ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE ice which will combine to make a well- rounded course on home missions. The Challenge of Change: What Is Happening in Home Missions,' by John MIGRANTS; PEACE Milton Moore, from 1926 to 1931 General Secretary of the Federal Council Roving with the Migrants: by Adela of the Churches of Christ in America; J. Ballard, Western Supervisor of Miauthor of Things that Matter Most. grant Work, Council of Women for Dr. Moore, who has had long experi- Home Missions. A short reading book ence in the pastorate, in home mis·sion which pictures the migrating procesadministration and in the cooperative sion roaming over the states, harvestagencies of the churches, has given in ing the crops and working in other this book a fresh and comprehensive seasonal labor fields. The presence of interpretation of the home mission these people is in many places the enterprise as it was reappraised and major home mission responsibility. restated at Washington. The Turn Toward Peace; by Flor- Leader's Manual to Accompany the ence Brewer Boeckel, Educational Sec- Challenge of Change,' by Arthur V. retary, National Council for the Pre- Casselman, Secretary for Missionary vention of War, author of Between Education, Reformed Church in the War and Peace, etc. A book for read- United States. While based primarily upon the book by Dr. Moore, this

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

ing or for study by groups wishing test in their lives." The rural life of another topic in addition to the themes the world represents one of the of the year. A short and interesting greatest unoccupied opportunities for statement of the problems of world Christian missions. It presents a tre- peace by one of America's leading au- mendously challenging and vitally in- thorities. Written especially for use teresting study for Christian people by church groups and has been en- everywhere. "Not since Jesus Christ thusiastically received. There is a taught his first disciples to pray 'Thy Leader's Manual.' Kingdom come, thy will be done,' has Foreign Missions there been such an hour to voice and to help give answer to the prayer for The themes are "Christianity and a holy earth."

the Rural Life of the World" and Central Committee on the United "Korea." Study of Foreign Missions and the "The one inclusive purpose of the Missionary Education Movement have missionary enterprise is to present together worked out the program on Jesus Christ to men and women the the rural theme, each group being world over as their Redeemer and to responsible for the publication of spe- win them for entrance into the joy cific books. A complete program cov- of His discipleship …… We desire to ering all age groups is therefore bring home emphatically the neces- presented.

sity of a comprehensive program for ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE those larger sections of the population …… who labor for mankind in field Christ Comes to the Village: edited and factory and who are without many by Mary SchaufHer Platt, author of of the conditions necessary for that The Child in the Midst and A Straight abundant life which our God and Fa- Way Toward Tomorrow. A study of ther desires for all His children."* the rural life of women and children This pronouncement of the Jeru-sa- in non-Christian lands. The different lem Conference has led to the careful chapters have been written by such consideration of the rural problems well-known author-s as Eleanor T. Calof the world by the Christian forces verley, M.D. (Arabia), Mabel Ruth and to the selection of this theme for Nowlin (China), Alice B. Van Doren the foreign mission study this year. (India), E. Stanley Jones, D.D. (In- Secular books, magazines, papers are dia). A fascinating study of the way full of consideration of rural prob- Christ is touching the life of village lems from every angle. Rural surveys women and bringing to them "full- are being made. Programs are being ness of life." Written especially for worked out for rural education, for women and young women for study, better health, for improved methods, for programs, for reading.t etc. The whole world is interested in The Rural Billion; by Charles M.

these village folk, a billion strong, McConnell, Professor of Town and who feed and clothe the whole world. Country Church, Boston University The church of Jesus Christ is vitally School of Theology and Newton The- interested in bringing His message of ological Institution. Of the world's fullness of life to the women as they total population of nearly two billion, gather at the village well, to the men more than one half are living on farms as they plow the fields, to the children and in villages. What are the condi- as they help to reap the harvests. tions of rural life today throughout Christ spent most of His earthly life the world and what are the churches in the villages, in the fields; "His re- and their missions doing to extend ligion you can take right among the and enrich Christian service among people of the earth and put it to the the rural peoples? Mr. McConnell has * Vul. VI. Missions and Rural Problems. t Published by Central Committee.

had long experience as a rural min- eral theme of Christian missions ister and teacher of rural church prob- among rural peoples. lems, and for a year he has served in Japan, Korea and China as advisor KOREA regarding the Christian mission program among rural peoples of the Ori- Korea is predominantly an agriculent. He has written a unique, stimu- tural country, her population is 80% lating book which brings together the rural. Therefore the study of Korea stories of men and women the world becomes a logical part of the rural over who are preaching and teaching program. Few books have been writthe Gospel as they help to remake ten of the thrilling development of rural life. Christianity in Korea; this new book is received with deep interest. Leade,r's Manual for Adult Groups Studying Christianity and the Rural Korea: Land of the Dawn,' by Life of the World,' by Ralph S. Adams, James D. Van Buskirk, M.D., Vicemember of the staff, Interseminary President, Severence Union Medical Commission for Training for the College, Seoul. A new and long-needed Rural Ministry in New England. Pri- book on a country which illustrates marily based on The Rural BiUion. better than any other country in the Mr. Adams has had long experience in world, perhaps, how Christianity is dealing with the problems of rural approaching a people living under pre- Christianity' and in teaching the sub- dominantly rural conditions. Dr. Van ject in the churches. His course sug- Buskirk has had many years of exgests practical methods and cites perience not only as a physician but helpful source material. as an outstanding leader in the Chris- tian movement. His book presents Agricultural Missions: by Benjamin vividly the backgrounds of contem- H. Hunnicutt, School of Agriculture, porary Korean life and interprets the Lavras, Brazil. A reading book by a Christian task among the Korean peopioneer in the field of agricultural ple to the North American churches. mISSIOns. The first comprehensive treatment of this comparatively recent For Children a.nd Youth phase of Christian missions. As a founder of the International Associa- The theme is "Christianity and tion of Agricultural Missions Mr. Rural Life Around the World." Ow- Hunnicutt has had a wide acquaintance ing to the very close interrelation beamong leaders of the movement in tween the home and foreign materials many countries and commands, as do for children and youth these publicafew men in the world, a knowledge of tions are here grouped in one section. conditions among rural peoples and The home mission books deal with the what Christian agencies have been do- work of Christian missions in rural ing to show the farmer a better way America; the foreign books with simof life and of work. ilar work in the Orient, Africa and Latin America.

A Young People's Course on Chris- INTERMEDIATE tianity and the Rural Life. of the World,' by Roy E. Burt, Secretary for Treasures in the Earth,' by Fred Epworth League and Young People's Hamlin, journalist and traveler. In- Work, Department of Missionary Edu- teresting stories about Christian leadcation, Methodist Episcopal Church. ers, both missionaries and nationals, Based primarily upon The Rural Bil- who have helped the rural peoples of lion, this course suggests methods, the Orient, Africa and Latin America discussion topics, reference materials, in improving conditions of their lands activities, and accompanying devo- and villages and who at the same time tional programs for young people's have brought them the Christian Gosclasses and societies studying the gen- pel.

The Church and the World's Farm- prises, comprise a very important part ers,' by Mary Jenness, author of Out of this course. of YesterdQ,y Into Tomorrow, Meet Your United States, etc. For leaders Out in the Country; by Hazel V. of intermediate groups studying Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Christianity and the rural life of the Missionary Education Movement. A world. Suggestions for six sessions, Friendship Press text on rural life in including topics and questions for dis- America. Stories dealing with some cussion, activities, devotional pro- of the problems of farm children. grams, and background material for Possible teaching procedures containthe leader. ing background material,' suggested activities and enterprises, will be help- The Adventures of Mr. Friend; by ful to the leader. The material and Harold B. Hunting, author of Pioneers activities forming the basis for this of Goodwin, Stories of Brotherhood, course were used with a group of The Story of Our Bible, etc. Short, country children who met in a farmengaging stories all based on the work house every day for a week in the of real persons who through the middle of winter. church and its allied agencies have brought happiness and larger oppor- PRIMARY tunities into the lives of country boys and girls an.d their families through- The World on a Farm: by Gertrude out America. Chandler Warner, author of The World in a Barn, Windows Into Alas- A Short Course for Leaders of In- ka, etc. A runaway pig and a swimte'fmediate Gmups studying Christi- ming race, together with delightful anity and rural life in America is be- experiences in world friendship, coming planned, detailed announcement plete the adventures of the Friendly to be made later. Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. A charming story book. Illustrations JUNIOR children will love. Attractively bound. Contains part of the stories used in Open Windows,' by Mary Entwistle, The Friendly Farmers and several adauthor of Children of the Chief, etc. ditional stories. Delightful stories by the well-loved English writer. Through Open Win- The Friendly Farmers; by Gertrude dows which look out into the world we Chandler Warner, teacher and author, see boys and girls in India, China, and Elizabeth Harris, Associate Pro- Equatorial Africa, Egypt, Afghan- fessor of Elementary Religious Eduistan, Japan and Borneo. Stories of cation, Boston University; formerly their lives and adventures are told so Secretary of Elementary Work, Misvividly that it is not hard to feel that sionary Education Movement. we really see them through Open Stories tell of Janet, Polly, and Ted Windows. * at Pleasant Valley Farm as they be- came friends with some other farmers Wheat Magic; by Marguerite Har- of the world. Possible teaching promon Bro, formerly a missionary in cedures containing background ma- China, Ruth E. Murphy, Director of terial and suggested activities make Religious Education, First Presbyte- this course book invaluable for the rian Church, Englewood, N. J., Adah leader. For use by both horne and Kieffer, specialist in Missionary Edu- foreign groups. cation, and associates. A Friendship Press text on rural life in other lands. BEGINNERS Contains stories of farm life in various countries. Practical suggestions Babo:' A South Seas Boy, by May to leaders, such as background ma- Pateman. The most recent addition terial, suggested activities and enter- to the very popular "Nursery Series." The other titles are Ah Fu: a Chinese … llultlished by Central CUlllmittee.

River Boy; Kembo: a Little Girl of Teaching Pictures, the first of a new Africa; The Three Came.ls: a Story series of pictures selected to accomof India; Esa: a Little Boy of Naza- pany the course books. A.set of eight reth; Mitsu: a Little Girl of Japan.' pic,tures averaging nine by twelve inches. MAPS AND PICTURES Friendship Paper DoUs.' Like real Picture Map of the World.' An- children of Korea, China, Japan and other of the Picture Map series. In India. Four dolls, eight inches high, outline form to be completed by the in three colors, with a change of coschildren. tume for each.

Farmers in Many Lands.' A picture 1 Cloth $1.00; paper 60 cents. ~ Cloth 75 cents; paper 50 cents. sheet folder containing twelve pages • Cloth $1.00; paper 75 cents. of pictures on farm life around the • Cloth $1.00. world. Invaluable for use with the li Paper 50 cents. course books. 6 Paper 35 cents, 7 Boards 50 cents each. Rural Life Amund the World.' s Paper 25 cents. I Paper 20 cents.

RELIGIOUS MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORLD Prom 'l'he 'World Almmwo, 1031 North I South I I!I Total America America I Europe I Asia. Africa: oceania, – – – I —(J-h,-r-is-t-ia-n-s– I- – – – – 1—–;—- —- Roman Catholics …….. 40,000,00061,000,0001220,000,0001 7,000,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 331,500,000 Orthodox O'atholic8 .. _.. 1,000,000 . ," ……. ! 120,000,000 20,000,000 3,000,000, ………. : 144:,000,000 Protestants ………….. _~, 000,000 900,0001_1_15_,_000_,0_00 _ _347_,'_000_000_,' 000000- 83 "0000000,'000001,' 76,,000 ,'000000 200, 9OIJ, 000 Total Christians …. 116,000,000 61,900,0001455,000,000 500 682,400,000 Non-Ohristians , !

Jews ……………. …… 4,000,0001 l00,OOO! 10,000,000: 1,000,000 500,000 80,000 15,630,000 Mohammedans …. _….. 20,000 ………. : 5,000,000 160,000,000 44,000,000 .. _…. __ 200,000,000 &ygg~!st~.. :::::::::.:. :::: i~::l&:I1::::::::: :[1::::::::::::11 ……… ~~g'~':l" 352~:'OOOOOO:,000000 ·1 ………. 1 150,180,000 2W,I50, 000 SChoinnftuocisiatsnis.t.s.,..'r.o..o.i.s.t.o.."……..6.0.0.'0..0.0 …………."……………"……….. " '.':.:.:.:. '.':.:••: '.':. :.1:..: .:.::.:.:.:..: :.1 350,000,000 20,000,000 Animists ……………. 50,000 ………. ………… 45,000,000 1)0,500,000 IGQ,()()o.1 1:35,650,000 Miscellaneous ….. ……. 25,000,000 2,000,000 5,000,000 18,000,000 ………… 1 870,0001 50,870,000 ——- —-1— Total Non Christian. _ 30,000,0001~()(),OOOI 20,000,000' 979,000,000 135,OOO,000:-.!:~~,OOO, 1,167,100,000 Grand Total ……… 146,000,000164,000,0001 475,000,000 1,013,000,000 143,000,000 8,000,00011,849,500,000 1 1 PRAYER FOR SPIRITUAL UNION Arouse in the whole body of the people an adventurous willingness, as they War has failed to end war; diplomacy sacrificed greatly for war, so, also, for has failed to end war; only ties of the international goodwill, to dare bravely, spirit infallibly unite; therefore we think wisely, decide resolutely and to pray for the divine alliance of nations, achieve triumphantly. Amen. for the spiritual union of mankind. -Harry Emerson Fosdick. Eternal God, Father of all souls, grant unto us such clear vision of the sin of TWELVE THINGS TO REMEMBER war, that we may earnestly seek that cooperation between nations which alone 1. The value of time. can make war impossible. As man by his 2. The pleasure of working. inventions has made the whole world into 3. The dignity of simplicity. one neighborhood, grant that he may, by 4. The success of perseverance. his cooperations, make the whole world 5. The worth of character. into one brotherhood. Help us to break 6. The power of kindness. down all race prejudice, stay the greed 7. The influence of example. of those who profit by war, and the am- 8, The obligation of duty. bitions of those who seek an imperialistic 9. The wisdom of economy. conquest, drenched in blood. Guide all 10. The virtue of patience. statesmen to seek a just basis for inter- 11. The improvement of talent. national action in the interests of Peace. 12. The joy of originating.

-Mar8hall Field.

DItto-WIDE

AFRICA The noi,se and the clattering, the clink- ing and the howling, suddenly ceased. Ethiopia Sends a Bible to America "Immediately I stepped out and ABible, covered with gold and silver, asked for one of the clattering gourds. and an elaborately fashioned cross, both of native craftsmanship, "Then picking up another one I have been sent by the emperor of handed them to my boy with an ex- Ethiopia to the Washington Cathedral. clamation of surprise that they should The Abyssinian ruler, who claims de- put them to such a use. The tinkling scent from Solomon, sends these as a bells then came off the poor man's leg thank offering for prayers at the ca- and were handed over as a sort of thedral at the time of his ooronation. trophy in our war to save these poor The Bible is in Amharic, court lan- people from their witchcraft. Then guage of Ethiopia. The text is hand came a cow's tail, securely fastened lettered in t:ed and black, on white to a strip of cowhide, which is supvellum, with illuminations in brilliant posed to be efficacious in drawing out colors at the beginning of each Gospel, disease. I was also permitted to take after the style of medireval manu- the 'king' ?f all the charms, hung scripts. The two gifts were forwarded about the slCk man's neck and comfrom Addis Ababa by the American posed of various odd coins and shells, Minister.-The Living Churck. supposed to possess great power in appeasing the spirit Jok. It was be- Witchcraft lieved that this superstitious practice would save the man from death by FRED LASSE, of the Africa Inland bronchial pneumonia." Mission, relates the following ex· perience of intimate contact with Modern Apostles witchcraft: WHEN a number of native evan- "One evening, as I was returning gelists in the Cameroun returned from a trip to the villages, I heard from a vacation, they were asked to strange sounds coming from an en- relate what they had done while away. closure just ahead. I asked my boys Here are a few of the replies: what it was about and they said it "I found a lame woman covered with was the song of Jok, the great evil spirit that they worship. We turned boils, just like Job. 1 helped her all 1 down the lantern and crept up to the house. on tiptoe, entering unobserved, could. 1 cut posts in the forest so the and lIstened to the fiendish music as work of building our new chapel could it rose and fell, accompanied by the rattle of dried gourd shells filled with gO"oInhefalpsetdero. ldIwvoimsietendbsyicckarpreyoinplge.w" ater beans, and the tinkling of rudely for them, and cutting firewood in the for- est and bringing it to them. I helped ;so~m~~en!!oildghtmebne to cut their gardens so cleared before the rains shaped bells tied on the legs of the "I bought twenty-five long nails to hold man for whom they were praying. down the split-log seats we are mak- "As I stood in the dim light of the itnhegmfotrootuhrenetewacchhearp. el Iscahlosool, haenldpegdavtoe fire smouldering in the center of the make thatch and put it on the roof of hut, a boy SUddenly said in a hoarse the chapel. I helped the teacher with fear-laden whisper, 'Bwana! Bwana!' hi~, meetings all dll;y ~nd in his work." (The White Man.1 The Wh1·te man.I) schoTohl,eyso wI ehreelpebdUIilndmthge wa ornke.w I cfhoaupnedl 461

an old widow and helped her with work, Every Sunday an average of 113,820 people gather to hear the Word of so she would know that we Christians God at the preaching services. help .with hands aud not only mouths."

"I 'helped a cripple. His roof was bad and leaky. I helped get leaves for 'mals'

Ithatch] from the raffia swamp and Good Roads and Missions T helped make roof-thatch for his house." HE opening of motor roads is "Each day I called together the people bringing about great changes in of my town and told them the things of God." . the Belgian Congo. Whereas only a few years ago, home-going mission- Out of Their Poverty aries had most difficult journeys, T HROUGHOUT the year that is through dense fvrests and often tak- past, 74,250 worshippers of Christ ing weeks to accomplish, the same in Cameroun opened their treasuries journeys can now be made in a few and presented unto Him gifts. In gold days. These roads also present tre- these amounted to $25,779, but trans- mendous opportunities. for evangel- lated into the terms of the jungle ism. The Government is gradually . they are: compelling the natives to leave the One egg ………………. $0.01 interior of the forest, and to build Seven ears of corn ………. .01 new villages along motor routes. Thus, not only can they be more easily Seven kank ……………. .01 supervised, but each village is respon- sible for the maintenance of a certain Pound of peanuts … . . . . . . . . .05 Two sugar .cane ………… .01 Bunch of bananas ………. .15 Bunch of platain ……….. .20 part of the road. Many chiefs have Chicken……………….. .80 constructed motor roads from their One goat ……………… 3.00 villages to the main roads, and many mission stations are connected in the An average day laborer receives same manner. Itinerating and week- $1.50 per month, while the highest end visits to outstations is made pospaid teacher receives $8.00 a month.

sible. Bicycles are in common use, A Century in West Africa and motor t rucks greatly facilitate the NOVEMBER 9, 1831, the Executive transportation of goods. Committee of the Western Foreign Mission Society, (the forerunner A Supl'eme Achievement A of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign T LUKUNGA, in the Congo, the recently completed church is a Missions, U. S. A.) approved of establishing a mission in Africa. In monument to the native Christians'

January, 1833, the first foreign mis- industry, and their interest in God's sionary of the church sailed for Li- work. Since the founding of the mis- beria. Later this mission was turned sion, meetings had been held in the over to the Methodists and a new open, but in 1927, a group of Chris- work was taken over from the Ameri- tians asked permission to erect, on can Board in French Gaboon, and mission property, a building for wor- was later transferred to French Prot- ship which would protect from the estants. In 1892, after years of sun's heat. The size of the building hardship, opposition, sacrifice and dis- needed, help in making plans, ma- couragement, a new mission was terials required and supervision of opened in Cameroun, West Africa, in. construction were serious problems.

entirely untouched territory filled with Rev. F. G. Leasure, of the A. B. F.

ignorant and degraded savages. To- M. S., visited Lukunga in 1927 and day this m1SSlon reports ninety drew a plan for the building. The American Presbyterian missionaries natives had then made 20,000 bricks with over 1,500 African Christian and had Frs. 12,000 in their treasury.

teachers and preachers, more than 30,- The following year was spent in mak- 000 communicant church members and ing brick and colIecting material for 31,000 children in mission schools. foundations. The sawing of timber

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 46~

was divided among the villages. In classes of readers are represented: stu- 1929 the walls were erected, teachers dents of secondary schools, university and children spending free hours in students, officers, teachers, etc. carrying mortar and brick. The roof was added in 1930 and the church is Good Turkish literature in the new now complete. characters is one of the needs which the American Board would like to sup- T,o make 30,000 bricks by hand, cut ply in much larger measure, for an and plane all the timbers by hand, unquenchable thirst for reading is carryall materials on their heads or being created on a far wider scale backs for a church 39 feet by 52 feet than ever before.-MissionaTY Herald. means heroism. In four years 19,000 headloads of rock, mortar, bricks, tim- Changing Persia ber, cement, lime, galvanized iron and hardware, have been carried for dis- THE Persia of ten, or even of five, tances varying from 300 yards to three years ago, no longer exists, says days away (three days going and Miss E. N. Aidin, a C. M. S. missionthree returning). Not even a wheel- ary. The construction of roads has barrow was used. The work has had brought far-off villages into close cona vital part in their spiritual life and tact with the central Government in has provided much in the way of Teheran. The country has been flooded training for young and old who have with gramophones, and picture theahad a part in it.-Congo Mission ters are appearing everywhere. Islam News. is rapidly losing its hold in the larger towns and a new national conscious- WESTERN ASIA ness is all that is offered to take its place. The situation is full of both What Turks Are Reading dangers and possibilities, and as the mis·sionaries watch these changes they THE amazing exchange of the Ara- feel that the situation presents a mag- bic alphabet, used by Turkey for nificent challenge to go up and possess hundreds of years, to a romanized the land in the name of Christ. alphabet has in the two years so greatly simplified the task of learning Request for a Christian Doctor to read Turkish that many formerly illiterate are now no longer so. AMERCHANT prince of Per,sia, Haji Moeen-e-Tojar el Bouchiri The awakened interest in reading of Teheran, known far and wide as has led one of the leading dailies of an upright man and given to good Istanbul, the Vakit (Time), to make works, a ,sincere and devout Moslem, a study of the question, "What are has made an offer to the Presbyterian we reading?" A special writer ex- Mission in Persia to support, at his amined a few reading rooms and li- own expense, a Christian doctor in braries in the city and the results of Najaf, one of the "Holy Cities" of his observations were published. Islam in Mesopotamia. This merchant prince has supplied water to the city Of the reading room, which for of Najaf-free to all who come and several years has been one of the get it with their own jugs and for projects of the American Board, he one-half anna per skinful to profeswrote: sional water sellers-and the receipts from its sale amount to about 1,500 The American Reading Room today tomans (about $1,300) a month. He ranks second among all the Istanbul li- has conceived the idea of using the braries in point of daily average attend- receipts to pay for the support of a ance. Since it is one of the poorest in- small hospital and has asked that a stitutions in the number of books in the Christian doctor be found to take library, we found it necessary to discover charge of it.-Presbyterian Advance. the reason for the extraordinary use made of it. The books for the most part relate to modern literature, science, art, travel, history, fiction, etc. . The average daily attendance is 525. All

INDIA, BURMA, SIAM teamwork which should mean great things in days to come. We have Baptism of (laste Hindus been allowed to witness things for which decades of missionaries in this AMASS movement towards Chris- place have longed and prayed and tianity is developing among the WQrked.-W. E. S. Holland, in John's Bhils, an aboriginal tribe found in College. Western India. There is every hope that the whole of the Bhil community An All-India Women's College in this area will become Christian if the work among them can be de- T ADY IRWIN, the wife of the reveloped. L tiring vicerQY, was acting presi- On October 31, last year, eighty-six Bhil men, women, and children were dent of the All-India Women's Educabaptized in the C. M. S. Mission in tiQn Fund Association, which has been Western India. Never before in that considering the advisability .of estabmission had a group of caste Hindus lishing a central college for women at been received into the Church. The Agra. This will require thirteen lakhs baptisms took place in the River God- of rupees-abGut $450,000–a part of avari, at a spot where for centuries which has already been subscribed. millions of Hindu pilgrims had bathed It is proposed not toO duplicate fQreign to be ceremonially cleansed from their institutions of learning, but to offer sins. The -baptismal service lasted in this college the branches most esnearly two hours, and then the con- sential toO Indian women in their own verts marched in procession back to special sphere of life. One of the the village, and as they passed their principle branches suggested is Indian (lId Hindu temples they raised the Home Science, including sanitation, shout: "Christ Maharai ki iai" (Vic- health, cooking and care .of children. tory to Christ). Let us hope it will include lectures .on morals, ethic,s, sex relations, indus- Gospel Team at Agra College trial justice and sQcial service.

THE visit of the Burmese Gospel Disturbance in Burma Team to the College at Agra has opened a new chapter in our college FOR some months there has been a history. Throughout my thirty years serious uprising .of bandits, or dain India I have never yet witnessed coits, in the districts in Burma in such a manifest working of the Spirit which American Baptist mission staof ~d. Out of 420 stUdents, 100 are tions are lQcated. Tharrawaddy and Moslems and 220 are Hindus. The ThQnze, with lesser outbreaks in the Burmans gave both Christians and vicinity .of Pyapon, Pyinmana, HennGnChristians, .only one – eighth is zada, and ToungQo. These disturb- Christian by name, an entirely new ances have been the result .of the invision of what free, joyous, natural tense NatiQnalism and general unrest Christian devotion means, and .of prevalent in the East; in part, .of the what it is to be living in a Chris- general lawlessness in that sectiQn of tian fellowship. Every day since they Burma; and, in part, .of the eCQnQmic left, something fresh, something defi- pressure caused by general hard times nite, has happened. Many nonChris- and the slump in the price .of rice. tian students are coming privately to One British official has been killed, ask how they may knGw Jesus Christ several Karen Christian villages have for themselves. AmGng our Christian been wiped out, and many Burmans students there has been formed a and Karens have been killed· by the group of six .or seven who have bandits. The Burma Rifles, composed stepped Gut into quite a new life of principally .of Karen and Kachin ,sol- diers, have been sent to Tharrawaddy. Christian liberty and fellowship and and have taken a large part in the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

capture of the leaders and the quell- the Karen. The villagers, in token of ing of the disturbance. appreciation, contributed towards our This uprising of bandits, involving Gospel Team funds Rs. 194, besides the destruction of one or two village entertaining all to the very best of churches, has made it difficult for mis- their ability. Sixteen young people sionaries to tour in the Tharrawaddy of the Insein church had their first and Thonze district. Gospel Team experience and it put new life into them and their Christian BurDla for Christ MoveDlent Endeavor. These young people are mostly clerks and business people. A NEW Forward Evangelistic Move- The greatest results were in the ment has been endorsed by the things not seen, renewed prayer life, Burma Baptist Missionary Conven- deepened consecration, fresh vision of tion. The Christian Council Evan- reality and an increased passion for gelistic Committee plans to make this winning others. Whenever the cama movement for a deepening of the paigns themselves are real spiritual spiritual life of all Christians, and events, then some people say that the through them of the churches. To greatest results are to be found in the accomplish this all must have a new campaigners themselves. – Saw Chit realization of what Christ means to Maung, in the News (Rangoon). them personally, and what Chris- tianity means to Burma. The Christian Council Evangelistic Committee Church for Lepers Dedicated A is planning special literature in Bur- FINE new church was dedicated on December 28th at the Moulmese and Karen and other languages. In spite of, or may be because of, mein Leper Home, Lower Burma.

rebellion, dacoities and hard times "It was very impressive to see the Burmans are especially susceptible to Lepers, more than 100 out of 110 in- the Gospel at present, but they will mates in the home with their new not become Christians until the Bur- clothing given them at Christmas man and Karen and other Christians time, in the body of the church, while are aroused to bring to them the the pulpit platform was crowded with blessings they themselves have re- friends; many others were sitting in ceived. motor buses because they could not get inside the church. Mr. J. J. An- Gospel Teallls in BurDla derson, a friend of the Lepers, pre- ONE hundred and eighty-eight, sided. seventeen of whom were mission- The Lepers themselves requested aries, formed themselves into seven- the privilege of having a part in the teen Gospel Teams for campaigns in service, and they sang in Telugu, Burfifty-three villages of Burma during mese and in English.

Christmas week. It was a real demon- It Was wonderful when one con- stration of what cooperation means in siders their condition, to hear them evangelism! If we can have enough sing: "Brighten the Corner Where of that kind of cooperation that they Y,ou Are"-to their fellow lepers.

had at Pentecost, we shall have in During the year they have been tak- Burma a Pentecost. For immediate re- ing offerings at their church service sults there were 436 public confessions and though they get only One Anna offaith in Jesus Christ. Nineteen were (2 cents) a day. Here is real sacri- baptized and many more will follow ficial giving and as a result for the later. <Among the participants were past year the Leper Church has made six high school teachers and twenty- contributions to the Mission Hospital, six students from school and college, Moulmein, whose doctors and nurses besides some Bible School girls. The have been caring for them; to the rest were from the seminaries, chiefly All-Burma Baptist Orphanage, Moul– 5

mein ; the MissiQn tQ the Blind 'Of "As it is the first time in the his- Burma; the MissiQn t'O Lepers in In- tQry 'Of China that educated men and dia; and alsQ tQ their new church WQmen have gone to live with and buiIding.-Wm. G. Evans. wQrk fGr the cDuntry people, we have arDused cDnsiderable comment among CHINA thDse who know 'Of 'Our WDrk. Even SDme educatDrs charge political mo- Captured Missionaries Released tives, but a steadily grDwing grGUp of -suppDrters believe that by identifying 1'HE Rev. Allie GQdfrey LindhQlm, 'Ourselves with the peDple, learning American Scandanavian Alliance their needs and the best ways 'Of meetmissiQnary 'Of Kalgan, whQ was cap- ing them, we are taking the essential tured by bandits last April and taken first steps fDr the recDnstructiQn 'Of tG the OrdGs district, was released a 'Our cDuntry. week later 'On the payment 'Of $2,500 Mexican (abGut $600) ranSQm. "While seeking tQ raise the stand- ards 'Of living.in rural districts, we The Rev. K. N. Tvedt, 'Of St. Paul, must aVQid the fatal errQr of assum- American Lutheran United MissiQn ing a patrDnizing! attitude tQwards missi'Onary 'Of KwangchDw, HDnan, the peDple, and secDnd, the danger, who had been held captive by Chinese as we say in Chinese, ''Of 'raising the CDmmunists since last October, was level of c'OnsumptiQn without raising released 'On April 19th 'On payment 'Of the level 'Of production.' We cannot, ranSQm. and would not if we could, lower 'Our standards tQ those of the backward The Rev. Bert NelsQn, 'Of Minne- villages and yet we want in every way apQlis, another Lutheran missiQnary possible to merge our life with the of Kwangshan, HDnan PrDvince, cap- village life, and avoid widening the turned last OctDber and detained at already existing gap between our- Hwangan with Mr. Tvedt, was held selves and the country people. A -sane fQr a ranSDm 'Of $10,000 Mexican sDlution to this problem is the key (abDut $2,400). He is repQrted tQ to the whDle reconstructiDn pr'Oject." have been released. The ten-year project is to be di- It is a rule that missions dQ nGt vided intD three units: Literacy and ranSQm their representatives, but the education; agriculture and eCDnomic rule was mGdified in the cases 'Of these reconstruction; and self-government missiQnaries at the request 'Of Ameri- and citizenship training. can 'Officials, as the tWQ men were being tortured. Threat to Close St. John's College Miss Esther NQrdlund, 'Of ChicagQ, ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY, EpisCG- Miss Augusta Nelson and Oscar An- pal college in Shanghai, has rederson, all of the Scandinavian Al- ceived an ultimatum frDm the gDvernliance MissiQn, were captured by ment 'Of Greater Shanghai (the CQmmunists at Kingchowfu, Hupeh Chinese city in which the missionary PrQvince, and were held fQr ranSGm school is situated) that it must combut Miss NelsQn and Miss NQrdlund plete its registration under the nawere repQrted released on April 23d. tional ministry 'Of education befDre September or it will not be permitted Uplifting the Masses to 'Open. This institution is the 'Only outstanding mission college in China A SIGNIFICANT educatiQnal move- that remains unregistered. Its stu- ment 'Of mQdern times is the 'One dents may nDt transfer to any regfQr mass educatiQn in China, made istered college or university and its possible by simplified methods of graduates do not receive government teaching. A recent development is an certificates with their diplomas. They intensive ten-year campaign fGr rural areas. Mr. James Yen, director of the mQvement, writes:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are therefore ineligible t'O take civil newcomer is taught to pray, and many service examinations or to receive ap- realize at once the powe'r of prayer. pointments to any institution under A large number marry, some have bethe control or supervision of the gov- come pastors' wives. Others remain ernment. A large proportion of its and enter the industrial department students have been sons of Shanghai and begin lives of financial independmerchants, wh'O enter their fathers' ence. business upon graduation. A Chinese General's Appeal The local authorities are now insisting that upon registration all re- GENERAL CHANG TSE-CHIANG, ligious activities upon the' campus a former ,subordinate of Marshal must cease. Other registered mission Feng Yu-hsiang, has been appointed colleges are prevented from requiring Commissioner for the Suppression of students to attend chapel and other Banditry and Communism in North services of worship, and from having Kiangsu. Recently, addressing a meetany required courses in religion. ing of over seven hundred persons in Yanchow, he pled with them to get It is reported that St. J.ohn's pro- rid of their prejudices and ignorance posed to the ministry that they be and to investigate Christianity sinpermitted to register under conditions cerely. He said that the Three Prinsimilar to those obtaining for mission ciples of Sun Yat-sen were intended schools in Japan,. namely, that they to make China a strong country, but have authority to require that every that 'Only Christianity could save her. student either attend Christian wor- He urged the Christians to witness ship or ethical lectures. Chinese edu- to the faith that was in them not cational authorities have admitted merely with their lips, but in consethat the serious weakness of their crated lives. present rules and regulations are that no provision is made for definite char- It is no small thing for such an acter-building activities in colleges important official to champion the and universities. Lord's cause so boldly in these days ·in China! But·it is an indication of For many months President Chiang a new turn of events in this land.- Kai-shek has been serving concurrently E. H. Foster. as acting minister of educati'On. His assumption of this portfoUo so soon Dr. T. T. Lew on the Bible after his conversion to Christianity naturally has caused a great deal of THE Bible is a living book in China. speculation. Dr. T. T. Lew, of Peking, address- ing the British and Foreign Bible So- "Door of Hope" ciety, said that Chinese authors use Bible terms freely and occasionally EACH year since its founding in use Biblical quotations as titles f'Or 1901, the "Door of Hope," a res- their writings. He expressed the cue home for women and girls in sentiment of Chinese Christians on Shanghai, has shown ,steady progress. the following three points: A children's home, sanitarium and preaching hall have been added, and (1) Chinese Christians are grateful in 1922 another work-the Children's for translations of the Bible; (2) Refuge, was opened, adding 65 more they accept the Bible as God's Word, to be cared for. At present, there are believing that it has more than lit- 240 in the Refuge and 116 in the erary value; and (3) they look for- Door of Hope. In the Sanitarium are ward to the day when Chinese Wy- 44 patients. To the Receiving Home cliffes, Tyndales and Luthers will give a day school is attached, with 75 boys the people versions peculiarly their in attendance. own.

Immediately upon arriving, the

JAPAN-CHOSEN ings and there were many decisions American Movies for Christ, or for a better Christian life. NINETY American residents of Tokyo appealed some months ago A Bible class in EngJi.sh was started to the United States Senate to control for the boys in the Government Midthe shipment of American films to J a- dle School in North Kyung Sung.- pan. Now the National Christian Coun- Korean Echoes.

cil of Japan-the body which coordi- The Printed Page nates the work of all the Protestant churches in the empire-has written ELEVEN thousand copies of the the Federal Council of Churches beg- Kingdom of God Newspaper have ging it to "take every step possible been used since its beginning. At the to prevent the continued influx of present time we are using 300 copies undesirable American films into J a- a week and have 232 paid subscrippan." The Japanese Council tells of tions. Holders have been placed in a visit by its social welfare commit- each of the fifty-eight barber shops in tee, composed entirely of Japanese, to Fukushima City and these papers the Tokyo police department, discuss- are being delivered to each shop by ing the destructive moral effects of members of the Barbers' Union who the movies in the Japanese capital. volunteered their services. Without The chief censor of the police, a non- exception the paper was welcomed in Christian, stated that their "greatest every shop and the results have justiproblem was with the films which fied the experiment which we hope to come from America. Many of these extend to hospitals, doctors' offices and films are highly detrimental to the other places where people have time morals of the Japanese." It is time to read while they wait.-Ira D. that the State Department is granted Crewdson.

power over such traffic.-The Chris- The Bible and a Shinto Priest tian Century. MR. ENDO, a Japanese Christian, who sells Bibles on the streets Revival in Pyengyang of Japan, recently approached a well ABOUT three hundred new believers dressed man to whom he quickly sold are reported attending the vari- an expensive copy. Surprised at theous churches in Pyengyang as a re- purchaser's readiness to buy, Mr.

sult of the recent revival meetings. Endo heard the following story: Immediately following the union meet- "I am the priest of the Shinto ings held in the College Auditorium, shrine here. Recently the young men's a series specially for students was con- and young women'.g associations de- ducted by the Asbury College Band, cided to call a speaker to address them three consecrated young graduates of on some helpful subjects. The Bud- Asbury College, California, with their dhist priest was first asked, but about former fellow-student, Mr. Robert two times finished him. The principal Chung, as interpreter. They carried of the high school, next invited, re- out a strenuous program in the high plied that he had nothing they would schools, the foreign school, college, care ror. Then they asked me. I was- and seminary, in addition to three nonplussed, but went for advice to a.

united meetings daily in the audito- relative of mine, a Christian. He sug- rium. Each evening, the large build- gested I read the Sermon on the- ing was packed with about five Mount and give them those teachings, thousand, mostly students and young not saying it was Christianity. He people, who listened with breathless gave me a portion containing those attention to strong, forceful presenta- words and I have since wished to have tions of the Gospel. Large numbers the complete Bible." – Woman's Mis- remained for prayer at the after meet- sionary Friend.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christianity in Ohosen of security, knowing that medical skill may be had within a few hours when BUDDHISM has prevailed in Korea necessity arises. With this relief for hundreds of years. Chris- work is a system for sending religious tianity came less than fifty years ago. and general literature to isolated set- tiers; and a few itinerant preachers Of Korea's twenty millions, less now travel by airplane. – AustraUan than four in every hundred are affili- Christian World. ated with the Christian Church, and yet the head of the Department of Youth Movement in the Philippines Religions of the Government-general recently said that Christianity oper- THE Third Biennial Convention of ates 82 per cent of the church schools, the Philippine Christian youth 90 per cent of the Sunday Schools, 87 Monument, was h e I d recently in per cent of the places of religious Union Seminary building, Manila. worship, and enrolls 85 per cent of all The convention theme was "Highways the religious workers. to National Righteousness." Stand- ards of profound spiritual value were Christianity preserved and made set forth in a responsive reading enpopular the native Korean script titled "The Decalogue of Protestant which the old type scholars looked up- Youth." Three statements are, on as too easy for a learned man. "We accept Jesus as the Son of the Christianity brought to Korea the living God and as our personal Savfirst school for girls, and at, present iour"; maintains the- only college for girls. "We believe the Holy Bible to be Christianity established the first the inspired word of God and the modern school for boys in Korea. supreme authority for all Christians in matters of faith and life"; Christianity has made it possible for the women of Korea to be freed "We believe Christ is calling to from the prison of the inner yard youth t·o lead in the building of His of the home. kingdom in these islands."

Christianity is the leader in the Thirty-two years ago there was not fight against the evils of drink, social a Protestant church or Sunday School vice, intemperance! in the Islands. Today, there are 100,- 000 in the 1,000 Sunday Schools. In Christianity is the religion that spite of the fact that the Philippine does things !-Charles A. Sauer. Legislature only a few months ago decided that the time had not arrived ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO for the national prohibition of the cockpit with its open gambling, the Aerial Medical Service Protestant Youth Movement voted, "We will enter into an aggressive FOUNDED by the Presbyterian struggle against all vice, ignorance, Church of Australia in 1912 for social wrong, including political corthe white population scattered over ruption, usury, the exploitation of the lonely places of the continent, the the poor, intolerance, superstition, Australia Inland Mission has become cockfighting, gambling, cabarets, the one of the most practical religious social evil, the double standard of forces in the Australian frontiers. morality, and the use of intoxicating beverages." These same youths will Twelve nursing homes are main- be elected to the Legislature in a comtained and staffed by twenty-four paratively few years, and will then nurses. These have become religious make the laws in accord with present and social, as well as healing centers. resolutions of' the Christian Youth An aerial ambulance service is now Movement. in operation and each year about 50 major calls are made. Twelve sets of wireless instruments are in constant use to summon a doctor when telegraph or telephone is not available. Thus the bushmen have a new -sense

Changes in New Guinea after my first visit, I returned to the NEAR the f·ormer mission station village Bogadjim and visited the an- of Bogadjim, New Guinea, back cient Asa place. The old giant tree of a large native village named Born, was still there, but it was grown around with underbrush. The hut stands a great wild rubber tree, about that used to be there was destroyed. 150 feet high. It overtops all other A good road led close to the former trees and exceeds them greatly in the terrible place, and now men, women spread of its branches. As recently and children walk there without fear. as twenty~s.ve years ago, the inhabi- The place has lost its terrors. Near tants of the near-by villages regarded by is a well-kept, Christian cemetery this old tree as tabu, (sacred). The and the graves are well cared for. space under its branches was kept On all there are neat crosses, on clean, since it was the place where which are the names of those buried all festivals were celebrated connected there, and Bible verses. The Gospel with the Asa, the secret cult of the has been victorious! Papuans. If a woman or child had approached the place during a fes- "The ancient magic is gone for ever.

tival, they would have been put to In the villages of this region there death. This secret cult of the Pap- were only two people left who were uans was related to spirit belief and still heathen while all the rest have the worship of ancestors. become Christian. The younger gen- At festivals weird music was played eration knew nothing of the mystery on strange instruments, long bamboo of the giant tree monster and the rods, calabashes and rattles made of older men were ashamed. Whenever hard shells. As soon as the music a new grave is dug in the cemetery a was heard, all the village folk knew native pastor gives joyful testimony that Asa had come and they were kept of the living hope of Christians.

in fear and trembling as long as the "Hundreds of thousands of Papuans celebrations lasted. in New Guinea still live in awe of Under this tree the ceremonies con- such terrors as are connected with their ancient religion. They still nected with circumcision took place practice the horrors of that ancient when the boys of the village reached religion. The Gospel will help to free the age of manhood. For months the them from such terrors !"-A. Hoffdull sound of the tom-toms and the mann, in Mi88ionsnachrichten. other nerve racking music resounded.

Magic articles were kept and the ma- gicians practiced their dark arts NORTH AMERICA there. Many a raid on di·stant villages was planned and natives anx- The Christian Endeavor'. Jubilee iously strove to guard the secrets of pFTY years of Christian Endeavor the tree. .l' service and growth will be cele- The Asa cult has been the greatest brated July 11 to 16 in the Interna- obstacle to the Gospel. Great orgies tional Christian Endeavor Convention, led to most shameless acts. If a in San Franciseo, Calif. Exposition missionary tried to raise his voice Auditorium, seating 14.000 persons, against these pra.ctices he was si- has been secured for the main seslenced by fierce threats. Many an sions and in the ·same building are older missionary wondered in sorrow, fourteen other halls in which meetwhether the time would ever come, ings will be held to consider all phases when the power of darkness would be of young people's religious activities broken. and interests.

Now Rev. A. Hoffman of the Dutch Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of Mission, writes: the International Society of Christian "In 1929, a quarter of a century Endeavor, will give the keynote ad-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dress of the c'Onvention 'On Saturday Negro race in America is not far re- evening at the 'Opening sessi'On and moved from the centuries of their each n'O'On will speak over a nati'On- b'Ondage t'O pagan idolatry in Africa. wide network of radi'O stations. If his confidence in the white man and his religion is gone, he will drift Mrs. Francis E. Clark, wh'O joined rapidly from his faith. And when with Dr. Clark in f'Ounding the first the drift gains momentum, Negroes Christian Endeav'Or S'Ociety at Port- will turn upon their own Christian land, Maine, will be a guest speaker lealers as but imitators 'Of the "white in the San Francisc'O Conventi'On at man's" religion. It will then be tou some 'Of the main sessions and in the late tu talk about the "evangelizatiun junior c'Onvention of children under 'Of the Negr'Oes 'Of America." The thirteen. work Will be hard indeed.

Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, 'Of Secund, this drift fr'Om their Chris- Newark, New Jersey, vice-president tian faith comes from the leadership of the International S'Ociety 'Of Chris- 'Of those who have been· educated in tian Endeavor, will be another speak- large universities which are n'Ow sater and the music will be in charge urated with rationalism and with a of Homer R'Odeheaver and Percy S. pagan philosophy 'Of human life and F'Oster, America's f'Orem'Ost leaders 'Of human destiny. Pagan education in song, with a ch'Orus of 800 v'Oices. America is thus ruining the highest prospects 'Of the Negro in America President H'O'Over, who assisted in by setting him adrift and destroying 'Organizing a; Christian Endeavor S'O- the world objectives that were beciety in Oregon many years ago, may ginning to dawn bef'Ore him as an attend this c'Onvention in his h'Ome evangelical Christian people.-Charles state, provided his official responsi- T. Alexander. bilities make the trip possible. How Mormonism Grows N'Orth America counts 3,000,000 young people who are members of eeMORMONISM has become a dead Christian Endeavor Societies, and in issue," said one wh'O spent a addition the plans and activities of the youth of the churches at large few h'Ours in Salt Lake City. have frequently been guided by the "Mormonism is stronger and more objectives ad'Opted by Christian Endeavor. The 'Other c'Ontinents have a aggressive than ever," is another obt'Otal membership 'Of more than 1,000,- servation nearer the truth. Morm'Ons 000 young people, who are members puint with pride to a growth from 6 'Of the Society, making this the largest members in 1830 tu 600,000 in 1930. y'Oung pe'Ople's organizati'On in the By proselyting it keeps alive and world. It is significant that this grows, as well as by making family y'Outh movement for training and increase the greatest c'Ommand 'Of G'Od service is evangelically Christian. t'O man. It has usually about 2,100 emissaries 'Out fr'Om the Utah region, The Negro'. Religion t'O which number re'Organized M'Or- m'Onism adds perhaps 200 m'Ore. I N SOME places the American Mormons are knit t'Ogether by isola- Negr'O is drifting away fr'Om the ti'On, discipline, intermarriage and Christian religi'On. Many are bec'Om- cooperative interests. The organizaing Mohammedans. At present there ti'On is systematic. There is a duty are approximately 300,000 Moham- fur everyone. Visitation of the sick, medan Negroes in America. and relief 'Of the needy are carried 'On through well 'Organized agencies. He is breakin.g fr'Om the old moor- L'Oyalty to the church is fostered more ings of his hist'Oric Christian faith as effectively by a system 'Of thDr'Ough given him by evangelical people. It indDctrinati'On than thrDugh any 'Other took many centuries to free the He- single fact'Or. The meth'Od 'Of calling brew race from pagan idolatry. The

young men to serve the church at without fDOd. Sleeping in snowbanks their own expense, outside of the at night, he staved off severe frost home territory, for a period extend- bites. It was five days later that an ing over at least two years is un- Eskimo discovered him and took him paralleled. A force comprising about back to safety. 1,200 in the States and about 900 outside the States are continually work- This incident illustrates the dangers ing in the ir,terest of their cause. and the courage of those engaged in These missions are said to represent extending the KingdDm in the frozen an annual cost of two million dollars, north.-The Living Church. and the property is valued at two million more. Verm.ont Chnrch Union "Restoration Fund" AFEDERATION of churches in Vermont succeeded by close coop- THE United Presbyterian Foreign eratiDn between the officials .of the Board repDrts the success .of their three leading denDminatiDns, Baptist, "RestDration Fund," which makes it CDngregational and MethDd·ist, to propDssible for the Board to send back tD duce excellent results thrDugh nuthe field all .of the 20 missiDnaries WhD merDUS "exchanges .of fields" and had been retired from lack of funds, the cultivation .of fellowship amDng except thDse who were unable to re- these denDminations. A few years turn fDr one reason or another. Not ago leading laymen and ministers only is this return made possible, but gathered to hear the results of a support for these missiDnaries is guar- study of 15 years .of comity between anteed for five years. the Protestant denominations and to study every community in the state, Hardships in the Arctic where missiDnary money was spent. A motion was made by a Methodist SEVERE hardships were undergDne district superintendent, and adopted by the Rev. J. H. Webster, one of unanimously, that thDse present were the Church of England missionaries ready for organic union of the three among the Eskimos, WhD was lDst fDr denominatiDns. The effects of that almost a week in the CorDnatiDn Gulf meeting are still felt in the eliminaregiDn .of the Arctic. In weather that tion of cDmpetitiDn between the deranged from 30 to 40 degrees belDw nominations. zero, the missionary wandered, lost, until finally discovered by a native LATIN AMERICA Eskimo when he was nearly prostrated frDm starvation and exposure. For Baptist Work in Nica.ragna five days he had no fDDd; his dDgS had brDken lo.ose or had separated from MANAGUA, the capital of Nicarahim. He is recuperating at the gov- gua, recently destrDyed by an ernment radio station at Coronation earthquake, has bee n the head- Gulf, and is reported to be on the way quarters of the Baptist MissiDn in to recovery. Nicaragua since 1917. The Baptist church of two hundred and fifty mem- On January 24th, the missionary bers was led by an able Nicaraguan left Coronati.on Gulf, where he has a pastor, and the attendance at Sunday small church, tD visit scattered bands SChODl was over four hundred. There .of EskimDs in the sealing camps. was also a Baptist SChODl with an en- rDllment of about four hundred. The He missed the Eskimo camp and, Evelyn Briggs Cranska Memorial when his sled encountered particular- HDspital cDntained thirty beds. "Buildly rDugh ice on Sunday, his lead dog ings total lDSs; missionaries safe," broke IDose. He then set .out to catch was the message after the earthquake. the dog, but became lost. From then If the disaster had happened when until Thursday night he wandered the -school was in session, many chiI-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dren would probably have lost their sions, at least 50,000 children and lives. young people are receiving regular in- struction in the hundreds of Sunday The American Baptist Home Mis- Schools and Young People's Societies sion Society and the Woman's Ameri- scattered over Cuba. The Roman can Baptist Home Mission Society are Catholic Church in c.onsequence has taking steps to rebnild the school been stimulated to more efficient methbuildings and the hospital, but the ods in religious and secular instrucinsurance will be far from sufficient tion. The archbishop went so far as to provide new earthquake proof to issue a public statement urging buildings. their people to read the Bible.- American Friend. A large part of the population of Managua has taken refuge 'in neigh- Revolution in Honduras boring towns and cities. It is hoped that the same thing will happen as r ATIN American countries, like the is recorded in the eighth chapter of the Acts: "They that were scattered L Balkan States of Europe, are in abroad went everywhere preaching the Word." The next advance step the political volcanic belt. The defor the Baptist Mission ought toO be structive earthquake in Nicaragua the opening of work on the Atlantic has been followed (April 19th) by a Coast, where there is nD mission con- new revolution in Honduras, its cenducting work in Spanish. The Mo- tral American neighbor. The storm ravian Church of the United States centers seem to be Tela and Ceiba Dn for eighty years has evangelized the the north coast, where the Episcopal Indians here and has a membership of Diocese of British Honduras carries more than twelve thousand. Inasmuch on a small evangelical work. Blueas the Spanish-speaking population is fields, Nicaragua, where the Moincreasing the Moravians have urged ravians have a well established misthe Baptist Mission to extend its min- sion, is also the scene of revolutionary istry to the Atlantic Coast where some activity. Nicaraguan Baptists havesettled.- Chas. S. Detweiler. Missionary Murdered, Station Burned Children in Cuba ON MARCH 31st the Sandinistas attacked the Moravian Mission BEFORE the Spanish – American station .of Musawas, in the Wangks War there were no schools in River District of Nicaragua, mur- Cuba, except a very few for the boys dered the missionary, the Rev. Karl of the wealthier families. Later, a Bregenzer, and burned the new $4,000 public school system was inaugurated mission building. Mrs. Bregenzer, which, with all its weaknesses, re- with her two little children and her duced the percentage of illiteracy mother escaped. from 75 per cent to 27 per cent. Over half the first grade drop out before The Moravian missionaries care for the second grade, and ,successively 13,000 Creoles and Indians at 58 staeach grade is about one-half the pre- tions, outstations and preaching places ceding grade. in Nicaragua. They do not work among the Spanish-speaking people. The Government theoretically pro- They have nothing to fear from the vides elementary education for chil- Indians, all of whom are their friends, dren and has a compulsory attendance but any American Mis,sion is exposed law, although it cannot be enforced to the enmity of the Sandinistas. with the present facilities. In the c.ountry the provisions are meager, As the United States Government indeed. Secondary schools are largely has announced that it cannot underleft to private initiative. Since the take to protect American lives and coming of Protestant Christian mis- prDperty in the interior, where the majority of the Moravian mission sta-

tions are, these stations are at the the world. An Executive Committee mercy of the Sandinistas who consider has been selected to draft a constitu- the pronouncement practically an in- tion.

vitation to attack them. As the Nic- araguan National Guard cannot cope New Alllerican Church in Paris T with the situation, missionaries have HE first American institution in Paris was a church. It was founded been ordered to the port towns, where American warships are stationed. in 1857. The American Church of Paris will dedicate a new $800,000 Campaign in South Alllerica edifice this coming July. It is a Union REV. HARRY STRACHAN is visit- Church and "Jesus Hominum Salva- ing South America to confer with tor" is its only creed. All evangelical missionaries regarding future evan- denominations in Paris sink minor gelistic work. He will collaborate in differences in order to unite for hold- Peru with missionaries, of the Free ing high the Cross of Chri,st.

Church of Scotland. His first stop is When the Franco-Prussian War to be in Ecuador. The most neglected broke out, Dr. Josiah G. Holland, the part of Brazil is the state of Ceara. poet and essayist, was the superin- It has 1,500,000 inhabitants without tendent of the. Sunday Sch{)ol.

a single mis·sionary. Distinguished worshippers have in- cluded Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Mr. Strachan's journey will occupy Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, and Woodthe rest 'of' this year.-Latin Ameri- row Wilson. Each of these U. S. can Evangelist.

Presidents belonged to a different de- Chilean Leaders List Bible First nomination. Additional proof of unity I N SANITAGO, Chile, the editor of is to be found in the fifteen different a leading daily newspaper, El Mer- sects at the Thanksgiving dinner for curio, asked, from leaders of thought students.

in that country, a list of the twenty- Permission to conduct the American five books that a person ought to read Chapel was first granted provided that if he desired to be looked upon as edu- the services be held in the English cated. For two months, 'on alternate language only, but the French Gov- days, these lists were published. ernment later decided to ignore it Sometimes the Gospels were men- and forget it.

tioned and sometimes the New Testa- Dr. Joseph W. Cochran, the present ment, but in the majority of the lists pastor also aids Protestant mission the Bible took first place I-Alliance work among the French lower classes.

Weekly. The new church building on the Quai d'orsay is in modified Gothic; EUROPE it is also a practical, seven-day-a-week League of Colored People church, where every aspect of life will ALEAGUE of colored peoples has be touched for the Church House is been established in the central a modern community center, includ- Y. M. C. A. of London. The main ing a gymnasium, kindergarten, liobjects of the League are provision- brary, lecture hall, sociaf rooms.-J. ally stated as follows: 1. To promote R. Montague.

the economic, educational, civic and social interests of colored peoples; 2. Mussolini and the Waldenses To assist colored peoples in distress; 3. To improve relations between As THE Waldensians are the strong- est group of evangelicals in Italy, races; 4. To cooperate with organi- many have interpreted the Pope's re- zations sympathetic to colored people; cent comment on Protestant aggres- 5. To encourage interest in the wel- siveness in Rome as especially directed fare of colored people in all parts of against them. The pastor of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

largest Waldensian Church in Rome remarked that: "Spain was oppressed makes the following statement: by a dead body lying on her, and that is the Church of Rome."-The Chris- In February the Moderator of the tian. Waldensian Church of Italy, Dr. V. A. Costabel, was received by the Premier Religious Education in the Balkans of Italy in Rome. The Moderator wanted to inform the Duce concerning the schools DELEGATES representing the Or- of the Waldenses and the religious in- thodox Churches and Christian struction of their children. The Premier Youth Work in the Balkans met at a listened with great interest to all the conference to consider questions relat- Moderator told him about the work of ing to the religious education of the Waldensian Church in Italy, and youth. Several Protestant members several times expressed his profound of world Christian associations of personal admiration for the Waldenses, young people took part in the proceed- assuring the Moderator that they would ings. always enjoy liberty of conscience in Italy.-Presbyterian Advance. The conference reviewed the situa- tion among young people in Greece Protestant Revival in Flanders and Bulgaria, and in the Russian emi- grant circles in Central and Western THE xx Siecle reports that a group Europe. Youth has fallen away from of very active Fronters, with head- religious tradition and from the quarters in Dendermonde, is usefully Church but there has been a rekinengaged in creating a people'·s move- dling of spiritual life which has ment in favor of Protestantism. shown itself particularly among young Seven Protestant missions are travel- Russians of the exile. A delegate who ling from village to village and the sent his impressions to the Journal reports ·of the reception afforded are, de Geneve, writes: "One of the most as a rule, favorable. It is proposed striking things was the frankness of to build an Evangelical church at St. the discussion, the emphasi.s laid on Gilles, near Dendermonde. Some are modern methods of teaching, and the already speaking of a Flemish loose- frank admission of the Church that from-Rome movement. she had held herself aloof from the social, moral and intellectual life of Wayside Sowing in Spain those whose souls were committed to her." The conference recommended SOME years ago a Gospel tract was that groups of workers among youth dropped into a market basket car- should be formed in every Orthodox ried on a woman's head. The woman (Greek) country to study questions of could not read but her husband read religions education. the tract again and again and sought the Lord of whose love the tract spoke. A Christian College in Greeee Asking who had tossed the tract into his wife's basket, he was directed to ANATOLIA COLLEGE was forced Mr. Thomas Blamire's home in Marin. out of Turkey in the World War There the hungry soul was instructed and many students died in the strugand, returning home, preached Christ gle; othel's fled to different parts of to his household and neighbors. . the earth; a few reached Greece, who opened friendly doors. Sen. Jose Maria, of Arcade, soon became known as a valiant Protestant Dr. George E. White and his assobeliever, and a fearless follower of ciates began building the college anew Christ. He was a rich farmer, and in Greece. They had to start in a owned vineyards and lands. A little rambling, old building, formerly a church was formed, and there Jose gambling den. The work has not Maria shepherded a body of believers been easy; it has taken an amazing until his homecall in 1930. Over forty courage and persistency. Greece has years he faithfully followed Christ.

Spain cries out for liberty of conscience. One of her politi<:ians lately

not the money to give for the neces- President Paul von Hindenburg's desary buildings that will rise on this cree, issued under dictatorial powers new campus on the hill, but ,she is giVen him by Article 48 of the Constihelping. Recently the graduates gave tution, 'Of severe penalties fDr persons several hundred dollars; and two 'Or societies ridiculing the Church. gifts totalling $600 have been given by them toward a professorship. Throughout Holy Week police re- peatedly suppressed public meetings The new site for the college campus 'Of free thought organizations. Socommands a superb view of Salonika cialist free thinkers' associatiDns have and the JEgean Sea. 2,000 branches in Germany and 500,- 000 members. Similar organizations Greece is one of the chief countries among Communists have a memberof the Near East world. ship of 130,000 and carry 'On energetic anti-religious propaganda through 600 Anatolia College is an investment branches. The Socialists have slightly in youth. With a background of modified their anti-religious activities knowledge and experience this college recently in view of cDllaboration with will continue to give boys an oppor- the Catholic Party of Prussia. tunity for education and development, and will share in providing Christian It is estimated that 2,500,000 perleadership for the Near East.-The sons, including approximately 2,000,- Congregationalist. 000 Protestants, have abandoned their church affiliations in Germany since A New Seet·in Russia the World War. Government figures are not available, but reliable statis- T HE Ecclesia, published at Geneva, tics reveal that approximately 65,000 reports the appearance of a new residents 'Of Berlin withdrew from sect in Russia, known as the "Eu- churches during 1930, compared with nuchs," which is increasing rapidly. 31,000 in 1925. As the name implies, the sect bears the character of religious fanaticism Church taxes, collected by the Gerand the Soviets are taking measures man states, amount from 10 to 12 per to repress it. In 1930, thirty-nine cent of the state income taxes and the adherents were c'Ondemned at Lenin- churches derive large sums annually grad and another trial was held at from tax revenues. Reluctance to pay Saratov. Now a new center has been church taxes, especially during the discovered in the outskirts of Moscow. present econoOmic crisis, explains, in In this sect a veterinary surgeon and some measure, the mass exodus of his wife play the principle role and church members. perform the necessary operations. Twelve of this peculiar sect have been Agnostic grDups have enlarged their sent for trial but its adherents are following by combining membership said to number thousands. in free thinkers' societies with an in- surance scheme for free cremation. Germany Fights Atheists The anti-religious movement is con- sidered an outgrowth of the class ADRAST):C government campaign struggle and thus the actioOn of Presi- against anti-religious organiza- dent von Hindenburg and Chancellor tions believed responsible f·or a grow- Heinrich Bruening in shielding the ing exodus from German churches Church from agnostIc movements will coincided with the observance of bring the government indirectly int'O Easter in Germany. conflict with the Socialists and Com- munists, who are backing the free Decreasing attendance at churches thinkers.-The United Press. and a growing tendency to ridicule religion resulted in the inclusion in

WORTH

Any books mentioned i'n these columns will be forwarded by us O'n receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Invisible Christ. By Ricardo Rojas. able, the adorable Christ. A strange 336 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press, New but fascinating book. As Dr. Robert York. E. Speer remarks in the introduction. Doctor Rojas is an Argentinian, the "If one asks what kind of books Latinson of a senator and governor, lately American authors are producing, this rector of the University of Buenos volume will answer for the nobler and Aires, a historian and a distinguished higher mind of the Continent. The fasman of letters. His book consists of cination of the book to most readers will three dialogues between a Bishop and be its revelation of the reaction of the his guest on the greatest character of highest Latin culture of our day to the history, Jesus Christ. It is a que·at religious inheritance of Latin Anierica, for the true. image of Christ, the true to Christianity itself and its historical word of Christ, and the true spirit of and mystical elements."

Christ. The book has had a remarkable sale In the first dialogue the discussion in its original form. The translatilm centers on the Christ of art—–{)ften conflicting, fantastic and purely imagi- is forceful and attractive in style. nary portraits. "The corporeal reality of Jesus is not defined in the contra- Where there are so many striking dictory imagery which the Church reference·s to the art and literature of Europe, the reader will regret the absence of an index. S. M. Z.

allows to crowd its altars." Christ The Challenge of Russia. By Sherwood is beyond all human artistic concep- Eddy. 278 pp. $2.50. Farrar and tion, neither of the East nor the West, Rinehart, New York. 1931.

the Son of man and the Son of God. A great experiment is being tried "The Cross of Christ, distinct from out in Russia, an experiment affecting the Swastika and the Tau, which not only the political but the social, other religions worship, is the figure economic, industrial and religious life made by a shadow projected on the of a hundred and sixty millions of earth, beneath the light of heaven, by people, and of portentious significance the body of a Man with arms out- of many more millions in other lands. spread for the sacrifice of love." Such There is a confused welter of inforis the mystical conclusion of part one. mation about it. The enthusiastic ac- The second part discusses the Word counts of Soviet advocates are not to of Christ and His spiritual image. be trusted, and foreign observers dis- Here the discusston turns on the Gos- agree. Dr. Sherwood Eddy has had pel record as distinct from tradition an opportunity to study the subject and apocrypha. "Scientific criticism having visited Russia .six times, twice so far from invalidating the text of during the regime of the Czar and the Gospels has made them more hu- four times since the establishment of man and forceful." the Soviet Government. He travelled The third dialogue is the climax of widely, asked many questions and has the trilogy-art, music, the compara- studied the whole situation. In this tive study of other religions, the book he has given his experiences and Church, the Gospels all lead to the conclusions. He rightly says that transcendent, the mystical, the invisi- "both the friends and foes of the 477

Soviet Union will probably object to in a Person and in a life-in Jesus some of the statements here made." Christ …… Christianity, then, is not a We cannot take his sympathetic view law enforced but a Life …… and the of the Russian experiment but he has Life is the Light of men …… Where written clearly, evidently with a pur- that Life is present, there is the King- dom of God on earth.

pose to be fair. It is his conviction Mr. Mathews not only presents an that Russia constitutes a challenge important and arresting array of dis- turbing facts but reveals an equally to America and the world. The lack important and more reassuring harof an index is a defect, which should monizing Power to bring order and be remedied in any further printing. reconstruction out of "The Clash of A. J. B.

The Clash of World Forces. By Basil W-orld Forces."

Mathews. 8vo. 174 pp. $1.50. Abing- The Land of Behest. By Constance E. don Press, New York. 1931. Padwick. 145 pp. Is. 6d. Church Missionary Society, London. 1930. Any student of world conditions must recognize that there is going on Those who have followed the gifted today a fierce conflict that is both pen of this author will take up her national and international. We have little book with much pleasurable anthe conflict between imperialism and ticipation, and will not be disapdemocracy; between capital and la- pointed. bar; between advocates of war and the promoters of arbitration as a "The Lands of Behest," the lands means of settling disputes; there is a conflict between racketeers and busi- that we are commanded to enter and ness; between law and crime; between social order and communistic possess for the Master, are the mission dis-order; between ignorant prejudice and intelligent judgment; between fields of the Church Missionary Soselfish immorality and high social standards. All these are summed up ciety, – Africa, India, China, Japan in the conflict between good and evil, between the material and the spirit- and the Moslem World. The backual, the Satanic and the Christ way of life. ground is the Congress in London in Mr. Mathews here discusses, with 1930. This is not a history, neither intelligence and Christian idealism, some of the forces now in conflict in a description of that gathering. The' international relations as seen in the Russian program, in India's effort to Archbishop of Canterbury says in the secure self-rule, and in China's -struggle to establish a democracy. He con- Foreword: It is "a picture drawn by cludes his volume with a study of, "The Clash of Values," in which he a skilled hand and a vivid and glowing presents the Christian solution for these problems and for the way of imagination of the whole field now so wonderfully open to missionary en- terprise." Here and there are given a few living, stirring words from the hearts of leading workers in the sev- eral fields, followed and commented upon by the author in her own in- imitable way. When -our zeal for the coming of the kingdom weakens, when our enthusiasm in fulfilling our Lord's command lessens, then this book should be within reach. J. C.

peace. He says: Albert Schweitzer: The Man and His Every category of human life is not Work. John Dickinson Regester. 145 pp. $1.50. Abingdon, New York. 1931. simply challenged but is reshaping under our eyes …… It is, in an even deeper "On the Edge of the Primeval and more revolutionary sense, a crisis Forest," the story of Dr. Schweitzer's in the individual lives of men and women work in West Africa, will lead many of every race …… In Christianity we to read with deep interest this sketch have, we believe, the ultimate values of of the man and his work as musician, the universe, expressed not in rules, or law, or creed, or commandments but

BOOKS WORTH READING

theologian, philosopher, and mission- An English journalist describes pic- tures he saw in the parts of London ary. Abundant quotations from his where officers of the Salvation Army are working. Already the book has own writings makes this, in a sense, reached an edition of 150,000 in Eng- land and America. These stories, an autobiography. He was born in which remind us of "Twice Born Men" and "Down ill Water Street," 1875 in Upper Alsace. His father was tell of men and women, downtrodden and despoiled, shattered by evil and a minister and his home was a center by economic hardship; of women led astray by human demons, of men of culture and religion. His musical ruined by drink and sin, of devilish deeds and filthy hovels. Such rectalent seems to have been inherited ords are truly "Annals of Hell." But Mr. Redwood also reports wombut in his theology he wandered far en reclaimed and men redeemed; he describes angelic ministries and from the evangelical position, but cleansed homes. These are the "An- nals of Heaven." "the quest of the historical Jesus has Cold and formal Christians will be resulted in a mystical finding of his stirred to warmth and vitality as they read of the life and light and joy that Lord and Master." The story of his Christ brings through such ministries as those of the Salvation Army among love for and proficiency in music is the outcastes.

fascinating; that of his hospital work The Pacillc Islands. A Missionary Sur- vey by J. W. Burton, M.A. Two maps. in Africa is heroic. The brief biog- 8 vo. 124 pp. 3s. 6d. World Do- minion Press. London. 1930. raphy is a fitting introduction to one In spite -of the large number of of the most distinguished men of our islands that have been evangelized, there remains ·still a great unfinished day. S.M.Z. task. The total area of the Pacific Is- lands is estimated at 383,228 square Stewardship Parable of Jesus. By Ros- miles with a population of 2,009,784. The Christian population is only 627,- well C. Long'. 230 pp. $1.00. Cokes- 903, nearly one-half of whom are Ro- man Catholics (252,792). The wholly bury Press, Nashville. 1931. unevangelized section covers only one thirty-seventh of the whole but three- The need of immediate increase of fourths of the population (one and a half mill~on) are not Christiansstewardship study becomes more and largely in Papua and the New Hebri- des. more apparent as the returns from This illuminating survey describes the old methods of casual, emotional the general conditions, the problems, the questions affecting governments appeals for bene'l'olences continue to and comity of missions, and the mis- sionary situation. There are two exdecrease year by year. cellent maps and some useful tables of statistics. Some helpful sugges- The Stewardship Secretary of the tions for mission study groups are also included. Presbyterian Church in the United States has brought out in six very helpful Bible studies the stewardship content -of six parables – The Good Samaritan, The Talents, Ten Virgins, Rich Fool, Laborers in the Vineyard, The Tower and Waging War. They will be a practical help to those wish- ing to teach stewardship by present- ing a new approach to the principles and practice.

Dr. Long makes clear that the hope for mission support lies, not in more emotionalization of money appeals but in solid stewardship understanding and practice. G. L. M.

God in the Slums. By Hugh Redwood. 12 mo. 167 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1931.

One-half the world does not want to know how the other half lives, but it would be well if those who are slipping down the gilded way of sin could SE1e these pictures of the pit that lies beyond.

The Fellowship of Toil. By John Mc- The Vision or Light at Evening Time. By Adelaide Addison Pollard. Pamphlet, Dowell. lmo. 150 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1s. British Jews Society. London.

1930. This very excellent and stirring epic poem relates the story of a Jew Industrial relationships constitute who came into contact with Christ. the social foundation of national life. It is worth reading and circulating. If these relationships are according to Christian principles we will have no Helps for the Quiet Hour. By Wilson repetition of the atheistic communism Cash. Pamphlet, C. M. S. London. that is devastating Russia and threat- 1931. ening the world. These daily meditations for one Dr. McDowell has been intimately month, with Scripture verses and familiar with industrial conditions blank pages for prayer topics, are since his boyhood. As worker, pastor, compact. nourishing, practical and student, Home Mission secretary and stimulating. committee man, he has become familiar with the warp and the woof The Jesus I Know. English Edition of of the problem. He gives us the re- a Chinese book prepared by Y. T. sults of his studies and his conclu- Wu, T. Z. Koo and E. R. Hughes. sions as to work and workers; the Paper, 40 cents. Shanghai, China. mission .of the church in industry; 1930. Christ's commands and labors' needs; the road to economic emancipation. Nine Chinese writer,s present their This last Dr. McDowell finds in the personal views of Christ. The testiacceptance of Christ's ideals of broth- monies are intended particularly for erly love and justice, and service to unbelievers but Christians will find mankind. J eSlls' standard of values some faint light ani truth in them. is life not things; His purpose is The witnesses are teachers, students service of society not of self; His and Christian workers. Not all show motive is charity not greed; His prin- a clear knowledge of Jesus as Divine ciple is fraternal not individualistic; Lord and Saviour. He is presented democratic not autocratic; His power by them as an ideal tea<:her and leader is divine not human. Loyalty to these rather than as the Son of God. ideals will solve the industrial labor problem. We need stronger Christians than those presented here, if the Church Direotory of Protestant Missions in China in China is to remain true to New Testament teachings. -1930. Edited by Charles L. Boynton. Tailum J'an-A Christian Widow in the 8 vo. 217 pp. Kwang Hsueh Publish- Wild Mountains of Upper Burma. By ing House, Shanghai. 1930. A. T. Houghton. 114 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, Morgan and Scott. London. This enlarged and improved directory contains a list of missionaries Miracles are not limited to one age and missionary societies arranged al- or one land or one race. Here is a phabetically, by stations and by so- true story of Tailum Jan, an ignorant cities. There is also a list of union Burmese woman, until she heard the and interdenominational officials, and Gospel of Christ and heard the call of medical schools and hospitaIs. Al- of God. She responded and the comtogether there are one hundred and pleteness of her transformation was eighty foreign missionary societies at as wonderful as any recorded in fairy work in China, and about 6,000 mis- tales-and more complete and permasionaries listed. Seventy-two stations nent. The sketch of Tailum Jan in- -out of I,lOO-are listed as vacant cludes a background of Burmese life and s.ome twenty – five others are and customs and beliefs. It shows the manned only by Chinese Christians. power of the Gospel among primitive people.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1931

NOT ETERNAL – WORSHIPING CHRIST IN TIlE MISSION I10)1E IN

June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE •• • iD the Dew ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, Switzerland. £ABIN £LASS June 22-26-WORLD CONFERENCE ON Trans-Pacific travel now has an STEWARDSHIP. For information com- impressive new type of low-cost accommo- municate with the Rev. John A. dation … ffEmpress" Cabin. Its spacious- Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 ness and comfort will appeal to the experi- East 22d Street, New York City. enced traveler. So will its true "Empress" cuisine and service. June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN The white Empress fleet, comprising the CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash. largest, fastest liners to the Orient, also hrings to the Pacific transatlantic size, June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE. speed and luxury. Silver Bay, N. Y. Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia June 29-July 6-GENEVA SUMMER ply the lO-day Speedway, direct to Yoko- SCHOOL OF MISSIONS AT GENEVA, hama. The huge Empress of Canada and WISC. This is an Interdenomina- the new 23.knot Empress of Japan sail via tional school and among the first to Honolulu. Both routes from Vancouver give International Religious Educa- and Victoria. All Empresses offer, ofcour.e, tion credits. It offers courses, under lnxurious First Class. Also "Tourist" and outstanding instructors, in Bible uThird." and Mission Study, Methods, Hand- craft and Parliamentary Law. For Independent travel·touring round the information address: Mrs. George world and Orient conducted tours with P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chi- Canadian Pacific's veteran "know-how." cago, Ill. N ….. Lo…-co..t S ….."…r F ..,…..! "** Fir..t Cl…… and C ….in Cl…… Ro..nd trip••. /ro". 8450 PERSONALS Information, reservationsfrom your Agent DR. S. H. WAINRIGHT, for forty years or Canadian Pacific, New York, Chicago, an American Methodist missionary in Montreal, and 32 other cities in U. S. and Japan, was recently decorated by the Canada. Emperor "for distinguished service to the Empire." That service consisted in CANADIAN giving a Christian literature to Japan. Dr. Wainright is supported by the Fran- PACIFIC .. TO TIlE cis Street Methodist church, in St. Joseph, Missouri. ORiEnT *** Wo.ld'. G••••••• T ••v.1 ,,……

CHARLES N. WONACOTT of Portland, Oregon, has been elected Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Mr. Wonacott served as associate general secretary of the New Era Movement for two years and since 1924 has acted as corporation advisor.

**"

MISS M. JOSEPHINE PETRIE has resigned as Director of Specific Work of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Over thirty-two years ago she became secretary of young people's work and was responsible for the promotion of home missions in Christian Endeavor Societies and Sunday schools.

*** REV. HENRY C. McDOWELL of Galangue, Angola, Portuguese West Africa, a missionary of the American Board, has been awarded a gold medal and an honorarium of four hundred dollars by the Harmon Foundation, which makes annual awards to Negroes who have done outstanding creative work.

*** DR. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, was operated on for hernia in Callao, Peru, on April 10th. He is expected home in New York early in May.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writ in&' to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS May, 1931 FRONTISPIECE–LlVES OVERSHADOW"D BY LEPROSY. Payo THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM ……………….•.•..••. .J. Ohadwick Jacks"" 325 The history oj how a hif.lh caste Hindu pilurim wu-s h'd to Ohrist·-an empcrience both in the change oj name and change 0/ nature.

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS …………………… Wm. M. Danner 32~ A record of Christian service in behalf oj sufferers in 'ill-any land8.

"! DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" ..•..•…..•………. Henry A. Perkins 33l"i The case for foreign 11t188icms presented by a fwo/essor of p},ysiC8 a.t Trin-ity aoUege, HMtJord~ ana copied by permission from THE' AMERICAN MERCURY.

THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES .•..••..•••.•……..•..•.. . R. A. Jal!roll 341 The report 01 a tour oj mi8si()lluwy eu;ploratiOtl to discover the needs oJ unoccupied fieZds in Malaya.

ana MOSLEMS UNDER THE AlIIERICAN FLAG …………………….. Frank Laubaen 343 A 'I11Iissionarll working wmong th(l M()hamrnwdans in the Philippines asks seeks to answer some pertinent questions.

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOU~'H …………………….. Jay fl. fltowell 349 An in.teresting account of wltat is beino done to t(~((,ch the Bible and ChdsNan truth to da·y school pupils in rural districts untouched by churches.

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA ………………………. David M. Sweets 355 The sto-ry of a notable congn~x8 hrld flY the Presbyteria'n Ohurch (~"outh) to present the claim8 and progress of foreiyn 1nissionary work.

WHEN IS YOUR BrnTHDAY ………………..•………. . Emma BeHc D. PiersO'n 361 A brief d.cscription of what hag been called ('the most remarka.ble mi8sionary enter- prise" in the world.. 8turtcd by a school boy in Australia.

THE FORWAnD MOVE~IENT IN SCOTLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald Fraser 363 A. report 01 an enet'getic and spirUual mission to awaken the ~'c(Jtch to a keener Benae of their reBpOt'lsibHity to carry out the great commission 01 Christ.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………..•••••••••••….••..•……………… 365 How lIUCH Is A MISSIONARY ","ORTH INDIA'S DEMAND FOR FREEDOM ENCOURAGIllMENT IN CHINA METHODS FOR WORKERS ………………………. EIHTEIl BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNsoN 371 WUMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………………• 376 WORLD·WIDIiJ OUTLOOK.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 BOOKS WORTH READING ……………………………………… . 399 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONAHY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPBl~R, PYf'sidf'nt W}.I. 1. CH.u,fnERl.AIN, Vice-Prcsident DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Seoretar'1l Publication Office, 3d & Reily Rts., IInrrtshnrg, WAf,TER McDoDQ,J,I" Tr{'nRun'T Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City Eutered itS second-class matter at the Post Offi(>e, Harrlsburg, Pa., under Act of }.~arch 3, lS79. OBITUARY DR. K. T. PAUL; an outstanding native 1 Chriftian of India, died on April 12th at the. age of·fifty-five. He had recently I _• returned from the Round Table Conference in London. LET YOUR GIFT Dr. Paul became an influential Indian to Foreign Missions leader as secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association of India, Burma PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME llnd Ceylon. He traveled widely in the United States and Great Britain and You can make a generous gift to foreign mislater served as president of the All-In- sions and have a needed income for yourself dia Christian Conference. and others from the money you give by the Dr. Paul resigned from the Y. M. C. Annuity Gift Plan A. in order to devote himself to the political uplift of India as a representative This plan relieves you of uncertainty and of Christian Communities. At the Round WOrry caused by changing values of invested Table Conference in London, he was funds and assures you a fixed income of trusted by Hindus and Moslems alike, and declared himself willing to have 4t% to 9% per year Christians in India merged in a general electorate. for the rest of your life ** A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarante~s the prompt payment of annuities to yOU_ ~ LEONARD WOOLSEY CRONKHITE, D.D., for many years a missionary to the Pwo Protect yourself against 1nss through Karen people of Burma, passed away on unwise inV'~stment~and at the sl'lme time February 28, 1931, at his home in Green- help send the gospel to all the world. wich, New York. For full information write ** * Erne.t F.. HoIl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Ann.atiea REV. A. E. SEAGRAVE, Baptist mission- BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ary to the Karens since 1889, died at of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Rangoon, February 6, 1931. Mr. Seagrave lived to see a remarkable expan- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York sion in the Sgaw Karen Mission, with its 200 churches and a membership of AVOID THIS 15,000. All of his four children re- MISFORTUNE turned to Burma for missionary service. "I know of no one more deserving *** of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, with.out ch.ildren to advise DR. EDWARD FIELD PARSON died March her, without business experience, sud- 8th, of pneumonia, in Peiping, North denly left a widow and compelled to China. He was thirty-three years old. settle an estate."

Dr. Parsons and his wife, Marion Who will be her advisor? Tucker Parsons, were commissioned as Who will share her troubles and rethe representatives in China of the First sponsibilities? Congregational Church, Washington, in Who will provide for her in case of 1925, at services attended by Mr. and loss of principal? Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. This can all be avoided by investing **• your savings in Annuity Agreements of the Methodist Mission Boards. MRS. IRA HARRIS, formerly of the Syria Mission, was for thirty.five years a F or further information write: missionary in Syria. She was honorably retired by the Board of Foreign Missions MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of the Presbyterian Church in 1919. A of Foreign Missions of the Methodist daughter, Mrs. B. T. Schuyler, has been Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New for sixteen years in the Punjab Mission York, N. Y., or in India. Mrs. Harris died in Lansdowne, Pa., the home of a son, on No- W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of vember 28, 1930. Home Missions and Church Extension of *** .1_ the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch . St., Philadelphia Pa. THE REV. EDWARD ASHLEY, D.D., LL.D., Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church among the Indians in South Dakota, died March 30th. He labored fifty-eight years among the Indians, translating the prayer book, many hymns and other writings into the Indian tongue.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIIVIIIlW OF THm WORLD in writin~ to advertisers. This mission hosl)itnl. J-Hni-En (<:lardf'n of COmf(H'O, IlWllk~nf'(1 the Jnpnnf>sc goyern- ment to care for l('p~rs .

LEPROSY N01' IlEReDITARY – UNTAINTED CHILDR~;N CARED FOR IN A CHRIS'fIAN MISSION HO~fE IN INDIA GLEAMS OF LIGHT FOR LIVES OVERSHADOWED BY LEPROSY

LIV, No. 😉 May

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM BY THE REV. J. CHADWICK JACKSON, Benares, India T HE Rev. and Mrs. J. Chadwick Jackson are conducting the Kashi Khristiya Sangha or Benares Christian Union, a city mission work especially for the milliorrs of Hindu pilgrims who visit Benares yearly. They come from all parts of India to the many temples; to bathe in the sacred Ganges i to gain merit by walking the sacred way; to listen to the holy gurus,' or to bring their dead to be burned on the ghats by the riverside, so that their ashes may be strewn on the waters of the sacred river and many reincarnations may be avoided.

Mr. Jackson, the superintendent of this United Mission, is a Scotch- man, formerly a missionary of the London Missionary Society and has witnessed for Christ in India for thirty-five years. Mrs. Jackson is also a devoted missionary who has labored with her husband in villages, living in native houses and living the Christ-life among the people. She dons the garb of a pilgrim to work among pilgrims on the river front.

The mission compound at Ram Katora, where the Editor and Mrs. Pier- son visited Mr. and Mrs. Jackson last year, borders on the road over which hundreds of thousands of pilgrims pass every year. They have opened a reading room and Bible shops facing this road and there wel- come weary pilgrims and tell them of Him who gives rest and offers to them the way of Life.

Five missionary societies unite in this mission to pilgrims-the Wesleyan Methodist and Wesleyan Reform Union, The London Mis- sionary Society, the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and the Chris- tian Literature Society. Mr. Jackson is not only an earnest evangelical missionary but he is active in the life of Benares, being for some years a member of the city council, a lecturer at the university and a member of the Committee for the Enforcement of Opium Laws.

This mission and these missionaries are worthy of the sympathetic and active support of every Christian interested in the evangelization of India. EDITOR.

He is a Brahman, a young man In his wanderings he has visited of medium height, with a face rath- every famous shrine in India and er deeply lined for one of his years, has picked up some knowledge of but with sparkling eyes and a brisk several languages, including Engmanner that is earnest and grave. lish. His mother tongue is Oriya 325

but he speaks Hindi fluently and sionary seemed to be an excellent it was in this language that he re- man of noble character, but he lated the following interesting handed me over to the care and story. teaching of one of his Indian work- ers whose conduct and character My parents are both dead. I made his company extremely dishave an elder brother who is a tasteful to me. I therefore rehousehold priest in my native turned to my guru in no way town. My ancestors were Kash- helped spiritually by my experimiri Brahmans. Very few of us ence, and feeling that in Christianlive so far South and it is a rule ity there was no hope of spiritual of cur caste that we shall marry help for me. So I went on discussonly brides from the distant State ing with the few Christians I met, of Kashmir. My brother, and the in a spirit of controversy and op- Raja who is our patron and who position. In a second-hand market gave me a scholarship, desired me in Calcutta, on one occasion, I saw to finish my studies before mar- a liuge pile of old books which riage, hence I am not married. Aft- were being sold by weight at a er I had reached the matriculation very cheap price. I picked out two standard in school, I was put un- -one a huge tome which was ender the care Of a guru (teacher), titled "A Commentary." Not a very learned man, a master of knowing what a Commentary was, arts, himself an eloquent lecturer, I opened it and found most interspeaking fourteen languages, and esting explanations of Bible texts. very much in demand everywhere The other was a dictionary. I for religious orations. Besides my- threw these twa into the scales and self, he had nearly a dozen young paid the price-a few annas only. disciples whom he taught and who The dictionary I sold at a great accompanied him in his travels profit, for three rupees, but the from one sacred shrine to another. Commentary I kept and read it con- We visited all the important bath- stantly, finding it most helpful in ing places and sacred temples in understanding the Bible. From India-Benares, Hardwar, Dwar- this time I read the Bible regularkanath, Puri, Ajodhya and Ra- ly, carrying the three versions meshwaram. along with me, but secretly, as I feared that my guru might know. A Hindu sadhu whom I met on Gradually my mind was changed. our journeys gave me a copy of the New Testament in Hindi, and One incident in South India I read it mainly with the desire to made a great impression on me. I find points of argument with was down by the burning-ghat Christians. Afterwards I obtained reading and meditating, when a copies in Oriya and English and poor widow brought the corpse of became much interested. I felt her son for bUrning. I saw her some desire to meet and associate great grief and felt real pity for with Christians to see their manner her. The officiating Mahabrahman of life. Once in a sacred city I left -a coarse man-came along and our party with the excuse to the said to her "Give me a go-dan (a guru that I was going to Gorakh- gift of a cow) and I will promise pur to worship Gorakhnath. In- that your son shall be born again stead, I joined myself to a Mission as a cow." as a seeker after truth. The mis-

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM

I was indignant and caught hold boys returned and wanted to enter, of his hand, saying: "Shame on but I was resolved to be alone in you! Have you no pity for the my mental struggles, and asked poor mother in her sorrow. Is this them to go away and sleep else- all the comfort you can give her to where. At about two in the morn- tell her the lie about her son's re- ing, when I was so weighed down birth? You know that you cannot that I couldn't rest, I suddenly saw control that. You are trying to a brilliant light in the room, as make profit out of her grief and though someone had turned on a are torturing her further. How flashlight. I turned to see from dare you say that a human soul whence it came, but it seemed to shall be imprisoned in an animal fill the room. As I gazed there body. Shame on you." appeared in the light the form of He repulsed me angrily. The a person, the most beautiful I have impression on my mind was very ever seen or imagined. I could not painful, showing the futility of recognize him at all, but as we Hinduism in the presence of death. were worshipers of Shiva, I won- This thought remained with me dered whether this divine being and I more earnestly read the Bi- had graciously disclosed himself to ble. resolve my doubts. But on looking A Message From God longer and more intently I saw the While I was full of these sad form of a cross on his shoulder thoughts, I sat down and placing and above it the word mukti (salthe Bible before me I allowed it to vation). Then I realized that it fall open of itself to see if I should was a vision of Christ, bearing the be guided to any special "word." It opened at the Twenty-third cross for me. Immediately I saw Psalm. How helpful and blessed what it implied, namely that what was that word of God spoken I had so often read was true. through His servant and prophet There are two crosses, the one David. It was a real message to which He bore and one which I my soul at that time of need. must bear. At that moment I de- cided that I would leave all the old My guru was called to give a life and b~ His follower. I rememseries of lectures in N—. I bered the word of God to Abrawould get away whenever possible, ham: "Get thee out of …… thy keeping my Bible tied close to my father's house, unto the land that body with my sacred thread, even I will show thee." I thought that, out to the place reserved for pri- as I had read in the Bible, having vacy, though reflecting that the become by faith one of the sons of place was impure. I often went to Abraham, I ought to walk in the the lonesome burning-ghat, to read steps of faith and leave all for and meditate, but the thought of Christ.

death and the results of sin op- In the morning I did not bathe, pressed me. We were all invited and when, as our custom was all to go to a natak (play) one eve- gathered to repeat in unison our ning, but I was distressed in mind morning chant "The Gayatri," it and excused myself. I could not was seen that I was absent. Later even eat and was left fasting alone they asked me: "Why have you in the room. I lay down to rest not bathed and why do you not but could not sleep. Very late the come to the worship?"

"I will say and do nothing until Christian man who would tell me I can have an interview with the where to go and what to do. At guru," 1 replied. last I saw a man whose dress seemed to indicate that he might Soon he called me, and 1 told be a Christian. He was a canvasshim all in the presence of the oth- er and to him I told something of ers, of my search for peace and my story. He refused to believe assurance; of my Bible reading and would not trust me at all at and of my last night's wonderful first. But when he saw my eyes full of tears he asked me if 1 had vision. taken food. I told him that for "Oh," said the guru, "It was only two days I had not broken my fast.

a dream." Then I could see that he began "No," said I, "I was not asleep. to believe me. I said: "I want nothing from you-no money, only 1 was wide awake and in my full direct me to some Christian or mis- sionary who will tell me how I may senses. I know what I saw." become a follower of Christ." "Let us discuss the matter to- "There is a very good man, a gether," he said, "you may present London Mission Pastor at – – – " your arguments and 1 will try to he replied. "His name is Aaron. meet them. We may thus arrive Go to him. 1 will speak to the guard and he will allow you to at the truth." travel without a ticket. So I went "Sir," 1 said, "how can I argue and found Pastor Aaron, a very good man in full sympathy but not with you. You are my guru and knowing a word of any of my lan- I am a learner. Between your pro- guages. So I returned by train, found learning and my ignorance, and was directed to go to Miss what a gulf there is. But to me F– at G– who knows Hindi. the vision I have seen, confirming She had, however, gone away the the Bible I have read, puts the mat- previous day. 1 then went on to ter beyond argument. 1 know what Bangalore where 1 was welcomed and very much helped by Mr. and I saw." Mrs. Marler and Mr. Small of the "Where is the Bible," he said. Theological College. On their rec- When I showed it to him, he ommendation 1 went to Benares which I had formerly visited as a took it and tore up part of it and pilgrim. 1 am happy in the Ashthrew it on one side. Then he ram of the Kashi Khristiya Sangha kicked me. preparing for baptism and training for service. The boys were enjoying the dialogue and all started making fun On Janu,arlj #, 1931 the young man, of me. whose story is here given, was bap- tized in the River Ganges at Benares, "Will you become a padri 1" taking the. name of Khristo Mitra. "Will you preach?" Since then he. has been progressing "Will you wear a suit and very well and is a great joy to US.- boots?" etc. J. C. J. I could only repeat that I would be a follower of Christ. From that moment my every movement was watched lest I should leave them. I could take no food for two days but at the end of the second day I managed to escape and went straight to the railway station, searching everywhere for some

LEPER PATIEN'l'S – A HLINn mU;A:-:[f;T AND TilE

AT 'J'U),;GKlIN, Clll:-:A THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS BY WM. M. DANNER, New YO"k S CC1°ctar1/ oJ th e A m cl"ica.n ~Mi88ion to Lepers I NA LARGE church in an east- lepers, cast out evil spirits. Freely ern city I told the story of the ye have received, freely give." needs of the lepers. After- Five specific things the disciples wards the minister arose and said, were told to do in connection with "I want to apologize to my congre- preaching. The lepers of the world gation this morning." I thought claim our attention because our he was going to apologize for the Master said-"Cleanse the lepers." length of my address, but he looked into the faces of his congregation Not long ago a friend in Caliand said: "To the best of my fornia told me that he didn't know knowledge, I have never even there were twenty-five lepers in prayed for a leper in my life. I the world. He had never given have never asked God's blessing on them much consideration. He was a leper, nor directed my congrega- surprised when he heard that there tion to pray for a leper. I apolo- were over five hundred in the Unit- gize for it and mean to do differ- ed States.

ently in the future." Many have never given much Jesus said to His disciples "As thought to the leper and scarcely ye go, preach, saying, the kingdom think of him as a human being.

of heaven is at hand." People of- But he needs and deserves our symten stop there, under the impres- pathy because he is in a class by sion that they are fulfilling this himself. What hotel would be open command when they "preach" or to him? What can he do to earn a hear the preacher. The next words living? When our Master said are: "Heal the sick, cleanse the "Heal the sick" he meant all sick 329

people but He specified "don't for- all over the world. In the Louisiget the lepers." ana hospital a canvass was taken of the patients about the kind of Dr. Victor G. Heiser, a leading Christmas gifts desired. They deleprosy expert connected with the cided that they would like to have Rcckefeller Foundation, estimates the money sent to the Red Cross, the number of lepers in the world for they thought others needed it at two million. This means that more than they did. They were one person out of every 800 on the thinking not about themselves, but earth today is a leper. The disease about others. is found all over the world, especially in hot climates. In some vil- The best advertised leper colony lages practically every person is a in the world is under "the Stars leper. and Stripes" in Hawaii. Five thou- A MODEL LEPER MISSION COLONY AT CHIENGMAI, SIAM The Congress of the United sand acres of Molokai are given States has provided a great nation- over to the lepers. Their hospital al leprosarium at Carville, Louisi- is built on a section of the island ana. Three hundred and thirty shut off by a very high mountain. live in comfortable little cottage In this colony there are 625 lepers. homes and eat in common dining There ate two Protestant churches rooms. Through the good offices of for them under the Hawaiian the American Mission to Lepers a Evangelical Board, with a resident resident Protestant chaplain min- pastor and other ministers making isters to the Protestant patients. regular visits. A church has been built for them and Billy Sunday sent them a sup- When I visited the island the ply of his song books. "Brighten lepers gave me an informal recepthe Corner Where You Are" was tion and hundreds of them were framed and now hangs over the on hand. There were two bands pulpit. These people are doing of stringed instruments, for the their best to live up to that senti- Hawaiians are famous for their ment. music. When I looked into their faces, I said, "If you people can Every year our mission sends sing as well as your bands can play, Christmas gifts to leper patients I would rather hear you sing than

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS

make a speech." Everyone smiled. 5,000. The policy of segregation The leader of the orchestra started is an important factor in stopping to play and they all joined heartily the spread of leprosy. in singing "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us." They sang three In 1874 the Mission to Lepers vers~s from memory and with in- was founded with three objectives: creasing fervor. (1) to preach the Gospel to the lepers, (2) to relieve their terrJqle Tl1e largest leper colony in the sufferings, (3) to supply theIr world, also under "the Stars and simple wants. Now a fourth has Stripes," is at Culion in the Phil- been added-to rid the world of ippine Islands. There are over leprosy. 5,000 at this well-managed colony. It is a municipality managed by In modern leper colonies the pacouncillors elected to represent the tients are taught self-support. The native tribes. The resident physi- women sew, cook, and perform cian is mayor and has the veto other housekeeping duties; while power, which he rarely uses. A the men do the gardening, weaving, minister who had been licensed to tinsmithing and carpentry, even preach in the Manila district be- building their own homes, churches fore he contracted leprosy, was for and schools. Such physical and some years pastor of the leper mental activity are important elechurch. I walked for miles along ments in the cure. streets clean and well kept-a credit to those in charge. Twenty Progress is being made in disyears ago there were 10,000 lepers covering a cure for leprosy. Chaulin the Philippines – now about moogra oil, known for hundreds of years as beneficial to sufferers from leprosy, is now given hypo- SELF-IHJLP FOR LEPER PATIENTS – WOMEN A'l' WORK IN A nICE I"IE[,n

TIIFl MISSION HO)IE FOR LEPER rA'I'IFlNTS AT F'USAN. CHOSEN dermically with encouraging re- sand dollars to apply to work in sults. Many who have been treated the Orient, it will show a much in this way have lost all trace of the larger purchasing power there disease and been free from any than in America. At Taiku that symptom of it for a period of more sum will provide permanent housthan two years. From the Carville ing for 80 lepers. Leper Colony seventy-five lepers have been discharged. Other treat- A typical Korean leper colments have been discovered that ony is not a doleful place-its ocmay help to blot out this awful dis- cupants are seemingly happy. One which we visited had games and ease. afterwards we saw the little' fields Nearly forty years ago a mission where they raise rice and fruit and vegetables, and keep themselves hospital was opened for lepers in ilsefullyoccupied. We saw samples Japan. Seventy lepers were cared of the school work they were doing, for in such an excellent manner as well as some of their industrial that the Japanese Government has work. They use a big black board established six Japanese Govern- music scale in learning to sing by ment Leper Asylums, where the note. They are being taught to lepers are given humane treatment. read, write and count. In the chap- One of the Japanese doctors, Dr. K. el the missionary gave us a dem- Mitsuda, said to me through an onstration of their proficiency in interpreter, "We are doing every- Scripture recitation. They recited thing we can to treat these lepers the Twenty-third Psalm, the Ninelike human beings." At one of the ty-first Psalm, the Beatitudes, and government asylums there was a the Ten Commandments. Some service when eight men and three can recite the entire shorter catewomen were baptized. Five of the chism and others can quote Scripleper women stood together and ture for two hours without any fervently sang, "Fade, fade, each appreciable error. earthly joy, Jesus is mine." Since leprosy is not hereditary, In Korea there are three leper it is a privilege to help care for stations under our American Mis- untainted children of the lepers in sion. When one offers five thou-

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FO~ LEPERS

separate homes. There are thirty sian to Lepers will, on request, furspecial stations for untainted chil- nish free material for such a prodren of lepers where the hand of gram. rescue is outstretched in their behalf. In every church there should be a representative who will give out The missionaries of the Church information and be the connecting of Jesus Christ are joined in a link with the Mission to Lepers, working in harmony with the con- stituted authorities of the church, and seeing that the lepers are not forgotten.

Order a metal pig bank and feed him currency, so that funds may be secured from a host of peo- ple who do not now have a part in this branch of the missionary work of the church. Over seventy thou- ~I1YAKE SAN o~' JAPAN Christiull missionarips were stollt'd away from the Oshima Colony until this .1aJ)~Ulf>8e leper callie (lnn hroll,ght from the Mission IIospitnl the Uo:spel of Chri:st:.

federation or effort, as representa- AX IlDLlN CURED OF LEPROSY tives of some thirty-three American and Foreign Mission Societies 'l'his boy faced a life of suffering or Boards, to do this work. The until he came to the Mission Hos- Mission to Lepers is the tie that pital, received treatment. was trained binds them together in the world- for Christian service, and returned wide work for lepers and their chil- cured to his home in southern India. dren. The Mission aids one hundred and fifty leper hospitals in sand of these banks have already forty countries, but the world-wide been sent out. work is made possible only by the help of those who stand back of Pray for the lepers. these missionaries and this organi- It is our opportunity thus to zation. share in the modern fulfillment of Christ's command. One way to help this work is to use a program to tell the story Oifts may be sent to the American Mission to your own church or to other to Lepers (Fleming H. Revell, Treasurer) 156 churches where you may be speak- Fifth Ave., NIJW York. . ing. If people become interested, they will help. The American Mis-

FROM ASIA*

Opportunities in Persia tieth anniversary of the School for U NHEARD-OF-CROWDS are the Blind. Voluntary Bible study attending evangelistic meet- in boys' middle school is increas- ings. This is a new develop- ing. Chinese leaders and missionment in a Moslem country. There aries are rejoicing in working tois increased demand for schools gether at common tasks in momenfor young women. Dormitories tous days.-Rev. E. E. WaUine.

at Men's College, Teheran, are Tension in China Relieved crowded. One new building imperative. Hospitals are under- Nanking conditions much imstaffed.-Cablegram from Rev. W. proved over last year. Future A. Groves, Ph.D. Christian work hopeful. Conver- sion President Chiang relieving From Syria anti-religious tension. Time ripe for strong advance to win China More pupils than ever! Mos- for Christ. Only possible home lems request J.iission schools. Med- Church continues support with ical work Deir-ez-zore opens up prayer and money. Any retracdistrict along Euphrates. Direct tion now would cripple work, jeopevangelism entering Moslem terri- ardize success. Depending on your tory Sidon Presbytery. School and loyalty.-Rev. J. Russell Chandler. book store stir youth of Aleppo.

Hama with 85,000 unmanned. Punjab Mission Faces New India Send reinforcements. Insure ex- In the midst of the gigantic turpansion. Come. Give. Pray yeo moil of India in 1930 our schools, -Rev. R. C. Byerly. hospitals, bazaar chapels, our vis- Greater Freedom in Iraq iting in zenanas and homes, our colleges and theological seminary Iraq open to Gospel as never b~­ and our preaching of Christ have fore. Word of life preached dI- gone steadily forward. There have rectly to Arab Moslems in Bagh- been baptisms among the higher dad; Mosul, Hillah, Kirkuk, to classes-more numerous and prom- Kurds in Dohuk. Pray that the ising than in any year since the Holy Spirit will apply the message pioneer era of missions. A new of life through crucified and risen sense of the reality, the immediacy Saviour to hearts of these people and the total inadequacy of merewho are lost without Christ.- ly human means in making India United Mission in Mesopotamia, by safe for her new freedom has Rev. A. G. Edwards. opened the hearts and minds of Message from South China men and women as never be- fore. May God stir the American Today in South China: Marked churches until the man in the pews evangelistic opportunity. People gets the vision of this unparalare uniformly friendly. Disorder leled opportunity. Never has there is decreasing. Christians are rais- been a more open door to Christ in ing endowment to celebrate for- India than now.-Rev. E. D. Lucas, • From the Pre/51Jyterirm lYorld Ne'll}8. Ph.D .

334

"1 DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MlSS10NS"*

BY PROF. HENRY A. PERKINS, Hartford, Conn.

Proie880r of PhY8ios in Trinity Oollege. Recently Returned PrQ'm a World Tour (' T .1 DON'T believe in Foreign ability and character as the rest pf Missions. The heathen are a us, though, considering the altru- lot better off left to their istic purpose of their job, they are own ways, and their own religions as a whole somewhat more unself- suit them best." ish than we are, and as they must Thus the man who also says that learn, and learn thoroughly, one or it is a mistake to educate the Ne- more difficult foreign languages, gro, that America can keep out of they may average a little higher in world affairs, that the French are intelligence than those whose only a frivolous people and the Japanese speech is American. The best type dishonest. He believes such things is made up of the kind of person just as he believes billboards. He who, when he has found something has of course never visited a mis- good, is possessed of a consuming sion, and probably never even met desire to pass it along. There really a missionary. If he has travelled, are such people, and the best mis.

his opinio·ns have been formed by sionaries have gone out to China, other tourists like himself, or by India and Africa because they actu- the remarks of some chance ac- ally want to share the best things quaintance doing business in the of our civilization with those who Orient. His impressions of mis- haven't got them; they are old sionaries, who usually travel sec- fashioned enough to believe that ond-class, are derived from observ- child marriage, exposing superflu- ing them from the serene altitude ous infants to die, devil worship of the first-class deck. and so on, do not oontribute to the Though foreign missions had a happiness of a people.

very respectable beginning with Of course, there are many sorts St. Paul, though we owe to mis- of missionaries. Some are eminent sions much of the early exploration scholars whose work on the lan- and development of the continent, guages, literature and religions of and though we have been a great the people they live among has been missionary people, one hears that of large value. Dr. John Chandler, missions are harmful-first, be- of Madras, is such a one, and his cause they unsettle the lower class- work on the dictionary ,of the Tamil es; second, because they introduce language, under the auspices of customs and diseases which are the Indian government, is of great destructive of primitive peoples; importance. Everyone recognizes third, because they give the native his value as a philologist, at any a religion to which he is not suited; rate. Other missionaries are men and fourth, because missionaries of such intimate knowledge of na- live luxurious lives, not in harmony tive peoples and their ways that with the ideals of a religion of governments consult them with re- self-sacrifice. gard to colonial policies; such were Missionaries are as varied in the Humes of Bombay and Ahmad- nagar. Still others are great teachoa~c~':.~~':.~~~ ~~b,!'.:'~~:··;~~l.from The Ame"';- ers like the late Dr. W. A. P. Mar- 335

tin, of China, who adapted the Dr. Raman, of Calcutta, is one of Chinese characters to· the demands the world's ablest physicists. So of modern chemistry. China may some day tell us how to unlock the energy within the atom, At the other end of the scale or make some {)ther discovery of there are ignorant missionaries, vital importance. The Chinese are bigoted missionaries, unkempt and fully our equals in intellectual powunsavory missionaries, who were er, and to withhold our learning perhaps failures at home, or would from them, or from other highly have been if they had stayed there. intelligent peoples, would be as- They form a most unattractive suming a serious responsibility. minority, corresponding to similar minorities among politicians and Nobody denies the value of eleteachers, let us say. They may even mentary education for all, and the do harm, though considering that missions are doing what they can they usually find their own level to provide it, even in the jungles of among the much more hopeless out- Africa. In India, and even in China, casts of lands of poverty and mis- it might seem as if this was the ery, it is hard to see how a desire government's job, and that misto improve conditions-which even sionary effort was superfluous. But they must ·have-can be wholly to educate an almost wholly illiterwithout some benefit to the com- ate people numbering hundreds of munity. Even a worm can elevate millions is a Gargantuan task, and a lump of dirt if he puts his mind the Indian government has only to it. scratched the surface so far. If a province needs a thousand schools As to the missions, as organiza- and the government provides but tions, their purpoges and methods ten, ten more supported by the misare as varied as the churches they sions represent 100% gain. . . . represent, and the individuals who compose them. They all want to Other forms of education fosconvert the heathen. That goes tered by missions are training without saying, but they do much women in improving conditions in more than that-very much more- their homes, in the care of their and their ways of approaching the children, and in all forms of hycommon goal are as different as giene. Such work is not spectacis to be expected, and perhaps de- ular but when the result is seen to sired. be good by other women, the new ideas spread ·of their own accord The Missionary Purpose with ever-increasing momentum.

Conversion is far from being the It is a curious fact that everyone, only purpose of most missions. even the most banal objector, They aim at educating the people. seems to believe in medical mis- There are countless schools, col- sions. Hospitals in a city which leges and even great universities have had none before, doctors in founded and supported by mission- lonely outposts where only native ary effort. Whether it is worth medicine men have hitherto pracwhile educating the Chinese, for ticed, seem like rather obvious huexample, in the theories of modern manitarian activities for the folscience may seem debatable to lowers of the Good Physician. The some, but Japan has certainly pro- appalling diseases of the tropics duced eminent men of science, and and orient, and the advanced stages

"I DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS"

to which they have usually devel- are sometimes reproached for usnped before the doctor sees them, ing healing as a means to converwould be a stimulus to the most sion. Well, what of it? The Foundblase medical man. Moreover, even er of Christianity seems to have those who hold that idol worship given His sanction to this practice. is as good for the heathen as Chris- A fourth activity of modern mistianity is f.or us will hardly argue sionary enterprise is agricultural that native medicine is as good as and industrial enlightenment. This ours in curing the natives' diseases. is not yet as common as the other branches I have discussed, but Such medicine is either magic many missions are beginning to pure and simple, with spells and help the farmers in improving incantations to drive out the devils their methods of cultivating the who are supposed to cause all ills, soil, in securing better seed and in or else it is a pseudo-science of breeding better live stock, while strange drugs and crude surgery. others are very active in teaching A root that happens to look like a the natives how to make and sell man has curative powers; tigers' articles of their own handicraft, claws, ground-up pebbles (any peb- thus helping to preserve beautiful ble will do), and other equally ab- designs and forms which are besurd remedies make up the phar- ginning to disappear in competition macopceia. A few valuable herbs with our own machine-made prodknown to native doctors have in- ucts. The University of Nanking, deed been discovered in Asia and in and some branches of the Y. M. C. the tropics, and have been gladly A., as in Hyderabad, India, offer accepted by our physicians, but in good examples of agricultural eduthe main their medicine is worth- cation and research, while such less compared to ours. Their sur- schools as the Congregational Misgery is even worse, for they haven't sions of Sholapur and Madura in the faintest inkling of aseptic India illustrate industrial training. methods, and it is common to encounter such perverted ideas as the What Are the Objections one prevalent in China, where the pus from a boil or other form of Now we come to the objections. infection is deliberately forced back Do missions unsettle the lower into the body. classes? Of course they do. They make the ignorant eager for know- Medical missions, with all their ledge, and knowledge is always unbeneficent activities, are the direct settling. They make them want result of the evangelistic spirit. better homes, with more pay to Very few doctors, qua doctor, provide for them. To prefer cleanwould have felt the impulse to liness to dirt, wholesome food and practice healing in distant and be- enough of it to a few beans or a nighted lands. They are more apt handful of rice, is awfully disturbto crowd into cities already well ing to the status quo. Small wonder cared for, so that even our own that those who employ native labor rural districts are beginning to suf- in China or India, Java or Angola fer. But doctors imbued with the complain bitterly of the evil inmissionary spirit go where the need fluence of the missions! It makes is greatest, and many are as able all the difference whether you want practitioners as those who prefer a to get something out of the native more remunerative practice. They 2

at the I{),west possible cost, or that seems good in Ohio was also whether you want to give him a mistake, because both our cloth- something that is going to make ing and our homes are inimical to him better, regardless of cost. their health. But one should for- Of course, if one really believes give something to those pioneers that people who are used to grind- who longed for homelike surround- ing poverty, pestilence and famine ings, and remember that they gave are better off as they are, then all they had, even life itself, for an there is nothing further to be said. ideal. It was wrong to lay violent But if one admits that these things hands upon such of the native ways'

are always and everywhere evils, as were innocent, but they did not then one must regard the dissatis- understand, any more than anyone faction which results from a desire else at that time understood, that for better living conditions, better clothes may sometimes be harmful, food and better health as a neces- and that nudity may be more mod- sary consequence, though more or est than an evening gown.

less temporary, ·of a justifiable ef- The Impact of the West fort to create a self-respecting peo- ple, able to take its proper place The mISSIOnaries cannot be among the brotherhood of nations. blamed for the disastrous impact The objection that missions have of Western civilization upon the introduced ways of living out of blissful islands where, if we are to harmony with the native environ- trust the novelist, child-like happi- ment and that they kill off the ness once prevailed. Nor can we aborigines by giving them our dis- lay at their door the rapidly dimin- eases is undoubtedly true in some ishing birth rate among pe{Jples cases, notably in the South Sea doomed to extinction because they Islands. But it is only a half truth. have lost all zest for living. This The manners and practices of our is one of the inevitable tragedies of civilization would, of course, have progress, like the fate of the Amer- reached these islands through trad- ican Indian under the "protection"

ers in any case, and their worst of the American nation.

features, disease, strong drink and Today the enlightened mission- various kinds of depravity, have ary recognizes all these considera- been actually introduced in this tions and modifies his early preju- way. So, since the worst features dices to meet the true needs of his of our culture were inevitable, the flock, even to the extent of dis- importation of a few of our better couraging clothes where they are standards and ideas through the harmful.

missionary was the least that could The relative merits of the great be done by way of recompense. religions of the world is too large A New England meetinghouse a subject to enter upon here. All amo·ng the palms of a tropical is- have claims upon our respect. . . .

land is certainly incongruous and But the fad remains that, lofty a fit subject for the mirth of the as these religions may be in their ungodly, but it is a relatively harm- primitive purity, they lack one or less misfit. Making naked savages more essential features of an ideal dress in the styles of New England religion. Buddha's teachings were was a grave mistake, and teaching atheistic. Confucianism is really them to live in the kind of house not a religion at all, but a system of

morals. Hinduism is grossly poly- much to be desired. So even Mo- theistic, and Mohammedanism is hammedans are a proper field for obviously lacking in the higher Christian missionary enterprise, forms of spirituality. Even with and, a fortiori, the adherents of such limitations these creeds at other religions, increasingly so as their best can produce fine qualities we descend the scale of ignorance.

of character and conduct and true If the converts from these non- beauty of soul among some of their Christian religions did not gain in adherents. But these form a mea- self-respect, peace of soul and gen- ger religious aristocracy in contrast eral intelligence after their con- to Christianity, with its power over version, one might still argue that all grades of intelligence and all so- degradation and fear are best for cial strata. the degraded and fearful, but such There are countless millions of is not the case, as anyone must ad- adherents to the great religions mit who has compared the converts just named, and to others less im- of almost any foreign mission with portant, . . . but an overwhelming their unconverted neighbors. The majority of these millions are ut- converts seem awakened and alert terly ignorant and the victims of by contrast, and when they are either degrading or terrifying su- members of the downtrodden, de- perstitions. Fear of all sorts of spised, untouchable outcasts of In- devils, quite undreamed of by the dia, the contrast is striking indeed.

founders of their religions, is their Luxurious Living only strong religious emotion, and the influence of that fear is appar- What of the luxuries with which ent on every hand in their daily the Christian missionary is said to lives. surround himself? Luxury is a While Buddhism, probably at its very relative term. A fur coat is best in Japan, numbers many de- a superfluity in the tropics, a luxvout and learned priests, in China, ury in New York, and a necessity at any rate, it seems to have sadly in Alaska. Noone accuses Dr. degenerated. . . . Grenfell of luxurious living because As to India, it is only necessary he wears furs when ministering to to visit the Golden Temple at Be- the needs of the fishing folk of nares, the Kali Ghat in Calcutta, Newfoundland and Labrador. The or the Great Temple of Siva and nature of one's occupation also dehis consort in Madura to see what the Hindu religion is like; reading termines what ceases to be a luxury one of the more temperate books and becomes a necessity. Formerly treating of child marriage, the evils a horse, as now an automobile, was associated with purdah, and the a necessity for a country doctor, terrible curse of caste, enables us though a luxury for most of us. to judge Hinduism by its fruits … What seem like luxuries in Amer- ica may be grim necessities in Chi- Even Islam is somewhat overlaid na, especially for a missionary with with superstitious corruptions of a family….

what its founder really taught. It The missionary family is a won- is too fatalistic and too material- derful object lesson to the native.

istic, while if it is to be judged by It shows him the respect and con- its fruits, certainly the Turks, its sideration with which we treat our leading exponents, seem to leave women, it gives him new light on

the upbringing of children, on sani- educated at great expense, trained tation in the home, and on all that in foreign language schools and goes to make for domestic happi- sent out into the field at more exness, not to mention the work pense, should incur the same risks among native women which the as those they seek to help. We do wife is able to accomplish. not put an army surgeon in the front line trenches, to share all the Granted, the value of women and dangers of the men whose wounds children in the mission, we must he is to heal. . . . revise our idea of what are luxuries for missionaries. The most obvious The home of the missionary has, "luxury" they enjoy is that of moreover, other uses than for the household servants. . . . A family missionary alone. Classes of mothliving in an American apartment ers and children, parties for old and young, musical gatherings with no servant still has numerous about the piano or the little reed mechanical servants at its disposal, organ, an occasional garden party, such as the water supply, the steam may all take place in this home, so heat, the gas and electricity, while its charm has a real social value in a cafeteria around the corner sup- elevating the standards and tastes plies occasional meals, a telephone of the people whom we believers in brings supplies to the door, and a Foreign Missions desire to help. trolley, or even an automobile, is available to shorten the time con- The Underlying Motive sumed in necessary shopping. This desire to help China or In- Deprived of these conveniences, dia, or any other great but backthe missionary and his wife would ward nation, is too complex in its have very little time to devote to underlying motives to discuss here. their real business unless they were Perhaps, after all, the desire to help replaced by native servants. Such really needs no explanation. It is a perverted use of effort would self sufficient, a deep-seated imnever be tolerated in any business pulse which we dare not disobey. concern. Moreover, half a dozen It is a very trite remark that the servants may be had for the price nations are bound closer and closer of one at home. . . . together daily as means of rapid inter-communication mUltiply. So Other "luxuries" are a comfort- that what becomes of a backward able house, an attractive garden, nation in the future is of tremencheerfully decorated rooms, good dously vital concern to us all, or beds, screens for the windows, a will be to our posterity. China's convenient kitchen, and a bath tub. ultimate destiny, with her more Some of these mean all the differ- than four hundred million souls, is ence between health and sickness. perhaps the most important, and The fact is that few Occidentals, we cannot look on with indifference especially women and children, can at her upward struggle. In this live as the natives live and keep struggle the missions are playing well, even if there were not the ter- an important part, and the kind of rible risk of such scourges as amre· civilization which that great people bic dysentery, malaria, cholera and will achieve depends a great deal the bubonic plague. If the natives on whether or not they absorb the die like flies because of such dis- best we have to offer them, or the eases, that is no good reason why worst.. men and women who have been of SOUTH CHINA. INDO _CHINA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ShQwiOIi trevel route af recent trip of R. A Jaffray OKE 01<' ~IR. .TAF'FRAT'R JOURKRYS IN I'lBARCII 01<' U:-;OCCUPIRD FIBLDS THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, South China A TR1P to Borneo and the Cele- thought was: "Lord teach me what bes has not been a missionary this means." At once this Scrip- picnic, for these lands are in ture came to mind :-HSon of man, the "uttermost parts of the earth," I have made thee a watchman unto and are dark places without a ray the house of Israel: therefore hear of Gospel Light. the word of my mouth, and give I was feeling glad, after two them warning from me. When I months' absence, to be returning say unto the wicked, Thou shalt home to settle down again to work surely die; and thou give him not in Wuchow, and leave to others warning, nor speakest to warn the the respcnsibility of the perishing wicked of his wicked way, to save souls in these uttermost parts. his life; the same wicked man shall Then the Lord gave me a most die in his inqiuity: but his blood vivid and horrible dream. I thought will I require at thine hand." that I was at home and was a (Ezekiel 3: 17, 18.) I saw the fugitive from justice. It seemed meaning of the blood spots on my that the Lord Jesus was pursuing hands, the blood of immortal souls. me and that I had stains of human What could I do to pay my debt blood on my hands. The pure white and preach the Gospel to them?

snow was on the ground and I All these days I have heard the stopped to wash away the stains. cry of the man of Borneo-"Come Then, as I ran on, I awoke. My first over and help us!" I have had ring- 341 ing in my ears by day and by night In the streets of these cities the the names of "Balik-papan! Balik- darkness that can be felt depressed papan 1 Samarinda 1 Samarinda 1" my soul. It can be dispelled only Satan's complete thraldom over the by the Light of His Word.

souls of men in these parts has Now I hear the call of great never yet been challenged by the cities like Makassar and Surabaya, preaching of the Gospel. names new to me. They ring in I hear the voice of the Great my ears all day and are in my Shepherd saying, "Other sheep I dreams at night. "Makassar!

have ….. them also must I bring." Makassar 1 Surabaya! Surabaya 1"

And again, "Whom shall I send, They represent places of midnight darkness. Thousands of Chinese are in these cities as sheep without a shepherd. The little flocks have no leader. If we can supply Chi- nese Christian workers to help save these dying churches, and to open work in new cities before long we may have a score of self-support- ing Chinese churches here.

We must also send missionaries to the interior of Borneo and the Celebes, where wild head-hunters still live in the jungle. Some day they will hear the glad sound of the Gospel, see the great Light, and be saved. We are debtors to the Chinese, the Malay, the Javanese, the Indian, the Arab of these parts, and to the pagan wild men of the interior. We must not only warn them, but we owe them a debt that we must pay. It is our duty to give them the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. To fulfil this obli- gation some one must go, and some A NATIVE OF THE CELEBES one will have to send. "How shall they call on Him in whom they and who will go for us?" Who have not believed? And how shall will open a Gospel hall in Balik- they believe in Him of whom they papan and Samarinda? There are have not heard? And hew shall Mohammedan mosques at these they hear without a preacher? And places and heathen Chinese tem- how shall they preach except they ples. The devil is worshipped be sent?" (Rom. 10: 14, 15.) there. Theatres, gambling hells, It will require sacrifice; it will and worse places, all in full swing, cost tears and blood; but it is are thronged with people of many worth while. What a joy to go races – Malays, Javanese, Boegis, with Him, to preach His Gospel Chinese, and "the wild man of "where Christ has not been n a m e d ." Borneo" from the interior.

UNDER THE AMERICAN

What Shall We Do With the Moros of Mindanao?

BY THE REV. FRANK LAUBACH, D.D.

Missionary of the A. B. O. F. M., Mindanao" Philippine [slanas I MAGINE a globe, across which for food. Columbus ventured to is flung an American flag, seek India across the Atlantic in reaching from Maine to the the face of the common superstifurthest island of the distant Phil- tion that he would fall off the edge ippines. On the opposite side of of the world. He struck America the globe paint a huge green stock- but could not get around it. Maing stretching from Spain across gellan, with incredible doggedness, Northern Africa and Southern drove southward until he pene- Asia to the Southern end of the trated the stormy, churning straits Philippines. The heel of the green at the lower extremity of South stocking and the tip of the red, America; and then crossed ten white and blue, overlap in Min- thousand miles of open sea in his danao, for here are a half million little sail boats-on and on, and Mohammedans, the famous Moro on-tearing the leather from the pirates who kept the Pacific in ter- masts, and soaking it in the sea ror for centuries. We now hold and gnawing at it for food-on and those Moros because we took them on for a hundred days. When at from Spain. How Spain came into last he and his crew did reach possession of them is a strange land-it happened to. be Mindanao tale. It begins with Mohammed -they fell down weakly upon their himself. faces and gave thanks to God that Beginning his ministry in 610, they had found a way past their this marvellously electric person- Moslem foes. Then they started ality succeeded in galvanizing his out to explore and, did ever fate followers into "the most violent play so cruel a trick I-found the explosion of human energy in his- Moslems or "Mnros," who· had tory." His cheering throngs come around the world the other pushed across Northern Africa, way and swarmed all over the and by the year 732 were in South- Southern Philippines.

ern France. If they had won the This is how it came about that battle ·of Tours, probably all Eu- twenty-nine years after the Moors rope and America would have be- were hurled from Spain, the piticome Moslem. But they lost that ful struggle began again between battle, and began a very slow re- the "Moros" and the Spaniards in treat. It required 760 years to far-off Mindanao. Spain waited push them out of Spain! The very only long enough to become rooted year Columbus discovered Ameri- in the Northern Philippines, and ca, at the battle of Granada the then she equipped a fleet and sailed last Moors ("Morns" in the Span- to Mindanao to exterminate her ish tongue) were forced across ancient foes. The extermination Gibralter into Africa. went the other way, for scarcelJ They had now become a complete a Spaniard escaped to tell what had bar to all caravans to India. Men, happened.

like animals, will dare anything The triumphant Moros were 343

hungry for more blood. When the annihilate the Moros or even to southwest monsoon began to blow, convert them. All they asked was they sent a great fleet northward peace and obedience to the law. to wreak vengeance. They swooped They never attacked first, but if down upon village after unfortu- the Moros attacked, the recoil was nate village, captured Filipinos and as quick and as terrible as possible. Spaniards, set them to cutting the It was not a flattering reputation crops of rice and corn and piling that preceded the soldiers in some them into the Mora vintas, and areas. My teacher, Data Pambaya, then, by way of reward, they cut tells me that when his grandmother off the heads of the men and first set eyes on an American solcarried off the good-looking women dier, she ran home exclaiming, for theh wives, and the children "Why they are not beasts at all; as slaves. Vengeance proved ex- they walk on two feet like we do, citing and profitable, so when the but they are tall and white I" monsoon blew northward the following year the escapade was re- General Wood made a scientific peated. For two centuries the study of Mora psychology. He Moro guns proved superior to those bought all the books on Mohammeof the Spaniards. danism, the Moros, and the Orient that he regarded as having value- The Filipinos came to expect he had a room full of them-and this scourge as a regular part of what is more he read them. Then, their yearly life. Watch tower~ instead of going directly to Minwere built, where vigilant eyes danao, General Wood spent several scanned the seas by night and day, months in Borneo, Java, Sumatra, ready to sound the alarm that the and Singapore, learning all he Moros were coming so that every could from the Dutch and English living soul might flee to the moun- rulers and from the natives, about tains. Manila had a wall around the prejudices and habits of Malay the entire city. During the nine- Moslems. When he did reach the teenth century, the Spaniards, in Moros he was able to win their common with all Europe, gained a hearts and enlist their loyalty in a tremendous advantage by driving remarkably short time. The Motheir ships with steam, and were ros, for all their bloodthirsty hisable to chase the Moro vintas from tory, are real men. If they worship the seas, but to all intents and pur- physical strength and courage, poses these Moslem pirates were they admire mental astuteness even free from all real control by Spain more; and in General Wood they to, the very last. recognized one of the keenest minds of his day. When America arrived in the Philippines in 1898, the Moros met One Way of Making Friends their masters. Our War Department, realizing that here was a It happened that the Sultan of delicate and difficult region, sent Sulu was absent when General strong men to deal with the situ- Wood landed in Jolo, but Rajah ation-Wood, Pershing, Bullard, Mudah was acting in his place, Davis, Baldwin, Bliss, Sumner. and General Wood invited the These and others not so well known Rajah to pay him a visit. The were not only soldiers, but also Rajah replied that he was ill, so statesmen. They had no desire to Wood sent a company of soldiers

MOSLEMS UNDER THE AMERICAN FLAG

to inquire after his health. When personal prowess could command.

the Rajah saw the soldiers stand- It is a perfect example of feudal- ing at attention before the house, ism. When the American troops he made a quick recovery and ac- arrived, these tribes were in a state cepted the invitation. General of continual warfare, and men Wood received him cordially, never thought of eating, working showed him about the camp, and or sleeping without their weapons.

inquired whether he would be in- Wives or children who ventured terested in seeing a machine gun out of sight without close guard work. After the gun had mowed were likely to be stolen and carried down a few trees, the Rajah be- into slavery. Life in Lanao in came a fast and faithful friend of those days was not good for weak the American army. nerves.

S i mil a r treatment won the A scourge of cholera broke out friendship of the other chieftains, about the time that the American and all went well until they were soldiers arrived, and the Moros requested to free their slaves. naturally supposed that the sol- Then they all threatened civil war. diers had brought it. They rea- Datu Ali, the most powerful of the soned that the way to be rid of the Jolo Datos', shut himself in his cholera was to kill the soldiers, so cota, or bamboo fort, which is more they watched in ambush and picked formidable than it may sound. Six on any small group that ventured feet above the ground the rocts of out of camp.

living bamboo are tightly woven One old Mora named Alandug together and covered with mud-a paid several visits to the Camp and wall six feet or more in thickness, talked with Captain Bullard.

and from this wall rise thousands Noticing that the Americans did of huge hard bamboos to a height not die of cholera, he inquired the of ten or twenty feet, covered with reason, and was told that the men thorns. Such a fort is impregnable boiled the water before drinking it by direct infantry attack, but is not to destroy the cholera germs. The proof against modern field guns. old Mora spread the news that the Wood, who was always sparing of Americans had good Mohammedan the lives of his soldiers, was prof- doctrine for they chased the devils ligate wit h ammunition. He out of the water before drinking it.

smothered this Mora fort with In a short time Moros began to artillery fire, and when he had come from all directions for medi- finished, nobody was alive save cine. Many of them drank a cup those who had fled from the fort. of boiled water in the morning- Captain Bullard has written a and drank anything they wished delightful account of his experi- the rest of the day!

ences at Lake Lanao, where he The Moros are overflowing with sought to bring order out of chaos. surplus energy, and they want Around the lake are about ninety money more than anything else in thousand Moros, divided into "an the world. So Bullard set to work infinity of" small tribelets, each building a road from the coast to more or less ruled by small chief- Lake Lanao, thirty miles inland, tains having pompous titles like and paid what seemed to them "Sultan" or "Rajah" or "Data," enormous wages. Old Alandug yet with no more power than their came first "with a handful of ugly

fellows whom we treated like kings 1906, and the tears sprang to the and handled like infernal machines eyes of the young man, "That," he ready to go off at any moment." cried, "was my father. Oh, I want The number of workers increased to write and tell General Bullard daiIy-"armed, a I way s armed, about it!" And he interpreted the stuck all over with daggers and account excitedly to his brother krises." Even bitter enemies, who, who was sitting with us. "My if they had met anywhere else father was a very good Moslem, would have fought on sight, buried and wanted all the people to obey their deadly hatred for a time, and God. And the most ardent desire worked side by side. The love of of my life is to carry out his money, instead of being a root of wishes." It was one of the tensest evil, in this case worked for peace moments in my life. I took the and progress. hand of young Adbul Gani Moor, and said: "Gani, we shall be Tackling Their Religion friends and co-workers for life, for the most ardent desire of my Now Bullard tackled their re- heart is that the Moros and all the ligion. He studied into the night world shall learn to do the will of until he could talk fluently about God." the Koran, .and then invited the priests to visit him, and amazed Among the Moros life was held them with his knowledge of the very cheaply, one's own as well as sacred book. Although they knew that of another. In Jolo (but not little about it themselves, they pre- in Lanao) a Moro who was tired tended to know everything. From of life and wanted to take the that time the Governor had no shortest road to heaven would "run trouble whatever with the religia.us amuck," or juramentado as the problem, which had always proven Spaniards called it. He would the chief stumbling block of the bathe in a sacred spring, shave off Spaniards. Bullard became such his eyebrows, dress in white, and a close friend of Hadji Mohamad present himself before the' priests Noor, the most reverend Moslem to whom he would take a solemn scholar of them all, that this priest oath to die fighting the enemies of arose in Mora. Assembly and an- the faith. Then, hiding weapons nounced that it was the will of under his clothes, he would go to "Allah hoo ta Allah" that the the nearest Christian town, snatch Americans should rule over the his weapon from concealment and Moros and tax them to one-fifth of proceed to kill every person in all their goods! Never before in sight until he himself was killed. history had a Mora paid a cent of Simply injuring this fanatic would tax to anybody! The triumph of not stop him, for he would fight so Bullard's diplomacy was complete. long as there was any life left in him. If bayonetted, he would The best educated young Moro often seize the barrel of the rifle in Lanao has become my fast and push the bayonet farther into friend and my assistant editor. himself in an effort to get nearer "My father," he told me, "was the to the soldier at the other end. very first man to urge the Moros When at last the Moro perished, to obey America." So I read Cap- the news would be carried to his tain Bullard's account which ap- relatives who would then hold a peared in the Atlantic Monthly in

celebration. As night was coming ought to see Washington, the capon, some of them always saw him itol of the United States!" riding on a white horse bound for the abode of the blessed. Ten years after Carpenter began his work, one of the great round People who esteem life as cheap- the world boats was advertising, ly as that are not safe with fire- "See Zamboanga, the most beautiarms. Gathering up all the guns fullittle city in the world !" in the Moro country proved far the most difficult task undertaken by The result of this demonstration American soldiers. The Moros was that the Moros, especially the prize their guns more than any school children, went to work other of their possessions. At planting flowers around their present every Moro who desires to homes, and tried their hand at carry a gun must have a govern- rustic paths and fountains. Govment license. It is a privilege ernor Carpenter scoured the world which all important men prize also for new ideas in agriculture. highly, so they keep the law as Plots of ground were selected carefully as possible for fear their where the Moros could see what license may be taken away from was going on, and commercial them. plants of all kinds were raised for distribution. Seeds were distrib- New Ideas for Old uted free of charge, a specialist even going with the Moros to. show Clearly the chief need of the them how to plant and care for Moros was new ideas to take the the new crops. Coffee, rubber, tree place of their petty feuds and their cotton, avacarda pears and many narrow outlook; and all governors other articles are now permanently of the Moro country have been established. wracking their brains and scouring libraries for such ideas. Gov- The most wonderful tale in ernor Carpenter of Zamboanga Mindanao is this: For the first was the most original. He secured time in the history of Islam, a Moa landscape gardener from Wash- hammedan nation is going to school ington and set him to work beauti- to Christian teachers. The Moros fying Zamboanga. Beautiful little of Lanao are eager for their boys parks began to appear like magic. to have an education, for they see Fountains, charming waterfalls, that there is no other way in which and glorious flower gardens caught they can protect themselves from the eyes of the Moros, who had oppression and exploitation on the always loved color in their clothes part of unscrupulous people. but had not thought of putting it into their landscape. Numerous Even a few of the girls are atcanals, that once had been ugly tending school. But there are mud holes, began to shimmer with many hindrances in their way. An exquisite water lilies. Splendid Indian Moslem visiting the Moros concrete buildings arose along said: "The place of woman is to clean streets, and a great beautiful be subservient to man, and if she pier crept out into the bay, bril- becomes educated she talks back liantly lighted by dozens of gilded and wants too much money, and electric lamps. When the en- you cannot keep her in her place. thralled Moros asked the reason No, it will never do to educate for all this, they were told: "You women!" Then the educated girls tell the Moros that they intend to

marry Christians because they do the beginnings of an experiment in not like the easy divorce customs adult education, rather different of Islam, and they will not tolerate from anything of which I have a second wife. For these and other read elsewhere. Old and young reasons the Bureau of Education alike pile into our schoolroom is worried about the girls whom it whenever we open the doors, and educates, and is actually refusing study how to read our paper until to accept some who apply as stu- we have to invite them to go home dents in the schools. A profound for luncheon or until darkness social change results in these girls, prevents fUrther seeing. It seems and the Bureau wishes to be sure easy to prepare Moros teachers that it is not a change for the who can extend this "folk school" worse, or perhaps lead to a war idea all through the Province, and of the sexes! so teach the Moros how to become acquainted with the events of the A Great Danger in Lanao world around them.

The danger in Lanao is not that America owes a large debt to the Moros will refuse to drop their these Moros. We made them religion, but that they will take a promises which thus far we have cynical attitude toward religion left unfulfilled. They surrendered and morals in general. Those who to America, because they trusted have been in contact with "Chris- her. We deprived them of their tian" civilization are as a rule not means of self-defense. We owe it so good as those who have been to them to see that they are not wholly free from the contact. crushed and even exterminated in the pathway of greed. If we can- Bishop Brent, while in the not help them by peaceful meth- Philippines, became so greatly im- ods, they constantly tell me they pressed with the need of the Moros will resort again to arms, and if that three wealthy society women, they do they will bring misfortune infected with his zeal, went to J 010, upon themselves and all the Philipestablished a fine agricultural pines. They still remain the one school, and almost transformed the menace to Philippine Independence spirit of that once dangerous Is- which most worries many of us. land. On the other hand, if we give Four months ago, the Rev. them the aid they need they can Donato Galia and I opened our new become mighty leaders in this part station in Lanao Province among of the world. Nobody questions some hundred thousand Moros. their innate qualities. Personally We have found them friendly be- I believe that we shall see Moros yond all expectation. We began a driving down into Borneo and Java little newspaper in the Maranao and Sumatra and the Straits with dialect, which has been well re- their boundless energy, carrying ceived and is proving a channel for the new vision of what Christ can ideas of all sorts. It is published do for the enrichment of Islam. in Maranao with Arabic letters, and with Roman letters, and in These ancient pirates of the English. Perhaps half the men of Pacific can become the key tn the Lanao can read one of these three Moslem problem in The Far East. columns, and they all wish they They have it in their blood to do it. could read the other two. We have But what will America do?

RELIG IOU:;; RIHiCNI'ION CLASS IN A COUNTRY DAY

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Director of i'lt lJ licitlf, Board of l1U1nc Mi.'fsions a,1id Church R:.rtcnsion oj the ilIf;thutiist f,;pis("o}Jul ellul'clt OUT in Wyoming a certain A small but growing army of young woman had a "flat" trained young women are today at at a rather inconvenient work in rural areas on a new promoment, for a group of boys and gram which promises to revolugirls was awaiting her arrival at tionize religious procedure for a rural schoolhouse some miles these districts. It holds out to the away. After some tribulations the boys and girls in rural areas new damaged tire was repaired but the and better opportunities in relitraveler was so belated that it gious nurture than they have ever seemed almost foolish to proceed. before had. The plan, if extended, However, her habit of persistence will bring religious nurture to milhad its reward when she met the lions of youth attending rural pubentire group of bays and girls, lic schools, but who, for the most mostly Japanese and Scotch, at a part, have no regular contact with point a mile and a half from the any church or Sllnday-sclwol. It schoolhouse. They had come to will make possible religious train- meet their teacher, both because ing for other millions of boys and they were curious to know what girls who have had only the rather had happened to her and also be- sketchy aid of untrained volunteer cause they were determined not to Sunday-school teachers for twenty miss what she had to offer. That minutes a week when teacher and thing was not any part of the or- pupil have both found it convendinary public school curriculum ient to be present. Perhaps we but was instruction in religion and can best explain by citing the exlife. periences of one day with one of 349

these modern teachers of religion. promise to rural religion. No two One morning I was met at lessons had been alike, but each one' had fitted into a consecutive series. Ithaca by Miss Viola Schuldt, a I had seen small children cut, fold, college-trained young woman with and color their own paper "winpostgraduate w 0 r k in religious dows" which were then held closely education. After an early break- against the glass of the real winfast we headed for the country, dow while the pupils named the hustled for some miles over hard things which they could see for roads, swung onto a narrow, wind- which they wished to thank Gcd. ing, dirt road, and finally reached Afterward these lists were copied the top of a hill, where we found on the paper windows. The items an ancient one-room school. A ranged from trees and flowers to group of children were awaiting cows and people. Those carefully the opening of school, and a teacher made and colored windows, with was approaching from a distance. their list of blessings, wculd be faithfully preserved and would The bell rang and for sixty teach their own lessons during the minutes I listened to a thoroughly days that the teacher was away. prepared teacher presenting, according to approved pedagogical There were drills in the use of methods, a 'very effective lesson on the Bible, for the teacher provides God as the Heavenly Father. The Bibles at small cost. One group pupils belonged to no church and learned an evening prayer. Anattended no Sunday-school; some other discussed and planned in deof them were from homes of pov- tail a Thanksgiving party to be erty. During that hour they re- given at the schoolhouse for their ceived an impression which will mothers. They gave the reasons stay with them through life. They why the items which they sugwere so intent upon the lesson that, gested should be included in the when a huge threshing machine program. lumbered past over the country road in full view of the window, One school presented a simple, scarcely an eye was turned. These but carefully planned, religious farm youth here learned something dramatization, in which practically that will make them better citizens every member of the school parand will permanently enrich their ticipated. The One Hundredth lives. Psalm was used as memory work for one group, and notebook work At ten o'clock we sped on to an- formed a part of the program for other school where a still larger all the groups. Questions as to group of pupils awaited a lesson on what constitutes religious living Thanksgiving, of e qua II y high were discussed. merit; four o'clock found us on another hilltop, completing the Millions of Americans have resixth lesson for the day, this time ceived all the religious training upon the meaning of the Kingdom they ever had in church services or of Heaven. It was one of the most Sunday schools held in some schoolinteresting days I have ever spent, house. These new rural teachers for I had been watching an out- of religion are able to carryon standing representative of a new their work in conjunction with profession putting into practical public school authorities only beoperation a program of amazing cause of the provision of New York

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH

State law making possible the re- of the salaries of the workers. lease of pupils one hour each week Methodists, Presbyterians, Bapfor religious instruction. After tists, Episcopalians and others several years of experience, the have joined and have produced the cash to make this new venture work has so commended itself to possible. parents that they sign written requests that their children shall be Rural teachers of religion are alreleased for it. Other states have ready at work in states as widely similar provisions and the number separated as New York, Pennsylseems likely to increase. In states vania, Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, where laws are different the work Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, is frequently carried on b e for e Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michschool hours, during recess or after school. igan, Oregon, California, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, INDIAN PUPILS IN A MOUNTAIN SCHOOr. AND 'J'HEIR BIBLE TEACHER In Tompkins C 0 u n t y, Miss Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Vir- Schuldt reaches each week 284 gInIa, Wyoming, and probably pupils between Monday and Fri- other states from which no reday. She is one of five such work- ports are at hand. ers giving their time to this work. Tompkins County is, in fact, one In one county in Michigan one of the outstanding counties in the trained girl was now reaching United States in the development more boys and girls each week of this ministry to rural youth. through the public schools than all It has been made possible largely the churches of all denominations by the vision and patient per- in the same territory had reached sistence of Professor Ralph Felton through the Sunday-school at any of the Rural Extension Depart- one time in the past fifteen years. ment of Cornell University, and by the generosity of the churches of In Lane County, Oregon, the Ithaca, which have provided most work was begun three years ago under the personal direction of Miss Mary C. Harding, and was

later taken over by the Lane In one school a mother reported that County Council of Religious Edu- it was the first time her little boy had cation. The first year fifteen attended a religious service, and the first classes were organized with 329 time she and her husband had attended pupils; the next year the work "church" since they were married. In grew to twenty-five classes with another district the school was made up of Czechoslovakian, Polish, Hungarian, Welsh and Scotch children, only one 508 pupils. The present plans call American family being included. Many for fifty classes with an enrolment of the children in the kindergarten could of nearly one thousand. The work speak no English, and the mothers spoke is done on released school time and only brokenly but attended a class or- ganized to teach English.

reaches legging camps and lumber These are brief glimpses of a towns as well as agricultural com- movement that is s pre a din g munities. through rural America much faster These new rural teachers of re- than many imagine. It is bringing ligion are not limited to one meth- into existence a new profession for od of work. During the summer college and normal school grad- months they promote hundreds of uates who have taken time to daily vacation schools of religion. specialize in the work of religious One worker in Illinois reported education. The field is so full of twelve such schools under her di- promise and the method of work rection, with fifty-three volunteer so economical that men of wealth teachers and nearly six hundred would do well to set aside some pupils. Seventeen of these volun- millions of dollars with which to teer workers were public school challenge communities to achieve- teachers with normal training, ment along this line of religious nine college-trained high school nurture for rural youth. The teachers, two college-trained pas- movement might then be stim- tors' wives, three pastors with col- ulated somewhat as Andrew Car- lege training, two other college negie stimulated the loan library graduates, one undergraduate, and or as Julius Rosenwald has stim- nineteen with high school training. ulated the work of elementary edu- Without such trained leadership cation among Negroes.

probably not one of the schools Thus far the churches of Ithaca would have been held and six hun- have led the country in their will- dred boys and girls would have ingness to assume the salaries of missed several weeks of consecu- these rural teachers of religion, tive training in matters of religion. while the communities in which the During last summer Miss Esther work is done have been challenged B. Cutler, a worker in Wyoming, to provide a budget for traveling had charge of eight such vacation expenses and for educational ma- schools of religion with a total en- terials. In Lane County, Oregon, rolment of 240 pupils, ranging the teaching is done largely by stu- from four to twelve years of age. dents on part time. The communi- Of her experiences Miss Cutler ties served are expected to pay the writes: salary of the teacher, while travel- Many of the children are not connected ing expenses are provided by a with any church or church school and financial campaign. In some cases their parents have no church connec- Rural Religious Education Societion. Many of the boys and girls came a long distance on horseback or in car- ties with a membership fee have riages…… . been organized among rural and

town dwellers to support this rural over, but it does mean that we canprogram of religious nurture. Na- not depend upon it exclusively to tional agencies, both denomina- provide religious training for the tional and interdenominational, boys and girls in America. The have also made direct appropria- public school is the only agency tions for this religious ministry. which reaches ninety per cent of All of these methods of support American youth, so that any comhelp, but the field is enormous and prehensive system of religious nuris ripe unto harvest. ture shculd be worked out in terms of school districts and school It has become increasingly clear groups. that the Sunday-school cannot be DRAMATIZING A BIBI,E STORY IN A CLASS IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION depended upon to fill the needs of These new workers in religious the boys and girls of America for education are blazing a new trail full religious nurture. It has for a more comprehensive plan of reached only a fraction of Amer- religious nurture for rural youth. ican youth and it labors under the Our rural regions are crying out handicaps of the "peak-load-at-a- for a great army of well qualified single-hour," the limitations of un- religious teachers, as well trained, trained teachers, and irregularity as well paid, and as sure of an opof attendance on the part of both portunity for service as are public teachers and pupils. The latest re- school teachers. The way is beligious census shows that only 44.1 ginning to open. State legislatures per cent of the children of the are breaking down some of the bar- United States are even enrolled in riers; boys and girls of our rural Sunday-school – an actual decline areas are finely responsive, and a of more than four per cent in a crowd of enthusiastic coli e g edecade. This does not mean that trained workers are crying out, the day of the Sunday-school is "Let's go!"

3

FROM THE FRONT*

Siam Christians Accept Responsibilities crease in enrollment. Reinforce- Na~ionals willingly accepting in- ments and adequate appropriacreasmg responsibility for work tions urgently needed and call for but urgently asking for more train- the earnest prayers of the home ing. All churches in South Siam Church.-Rev. T. E. Barber.

Presbytery united in supporting Guatemala Sends Greetings work in East Siam.-Rev. Herbert Lord's work advances spite erup- W. Stewart. tion, earthquakes, drought, finan- Pray for Japan's Spiritual Advance cial crisis, revolution. Believers Hokkaido, Japan, a land of un- growing in grace, volunteer servlimited opportunities for Christ. ice, giving. Marvelous opportuni- Cities of over 60,000 and 70,000 ties. Force undermanned. Mediwith no resident foreigner demand cal work extended to unserved dismission~ries immediately. North- tricts. Home needed to replace ern Star Girls' School, with every shack for missionaries at boys' teacher a Christian, had over school. New school building Queeighty baptisms last year. You at zaltenango great asset. Praise, home please study, pray and give pray, sustain budget, send best that Japan may advance spiritu- young people.-Rev. L. P. Sullenally as she has materially.-Rev. berger. Leo C. Lake. :Brazil Plans Expansion Venezuela Asks Open Door Presbyterian Missions in Brazil have produced one of strongest National Church and Mission national churches in the world, carrying on in spite of exclusion but vast interior regions still un- of foreign clergy. We unitedly touched by Gospel. Missions plan- ask interest and help in forward ning expansion Amazon Basin movement in Venezuela. Remem- and Indians Upper Xingu. More ber our building program in your prayer, money and reinforcements offerings. Pray for deepened spir- from home churches urgently itual life for Venezuela Church and needed for advance. Confident that God may open way for en- you will not fail us.-Rev. Philip trance of much-needed mission- S. Landes.

aries.-Rev. C. A. Phillips. From West Africa Colombian Government Sympathetic To the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.: Much progress is being New Colombian government by made in the old fields of Cameroun fair election is sympathetic to all and fine opportunities are opening our work. Great opportunities for in unoccupied or partially occupied the spread of the Gospel. Young regions. The church here is men and women offering them- marching forward and no insurselves for service require prepara- mountable obstacles are visible. tion. Critical financial crisis causes Continued support is urgently much distress. Schools greatly in- needed to man properly the line • From the PresblftPT-ian IVorld New8. of occupation.-Rev. R. H. Evans.

354

'J'HE WORLD CONGRESS {W CHRISTIAK }lISSIONS AT

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA The Story of the Notable CO'/1,gress Held in Tennessee BY DAVID M. SWEETS, Louisville, Kentucky Ewit(lr of The Cltr~N«-'H Observer ; BOUT 1,800 registered dele- the report. The Findings Commit- tee brought in its report at the last £". gates attended the Congress session.

on World Missions in Chat- Great enthusiasm was manitanooga in addition to several hun- fested by those attending the Condred unofficial delegates and visi- gress. tors. The large auditorium, with a seating capacity of over 5,009 Dr. J. P. McCallie, of Chattapersons, was comfortably filled at nooga, and the local committee on the night meetings. A magnificent arrangements had made adequate pageant was presented by repre- preparation for the comfort and sentatives of the Chattanooga convenience of all the delegates. churches, portraying the seventy The program had been carefully years of missionary work of the prepared under the direction of Dr. Presbyterian Church in the United C. Darby Fulton. States. Rev. James 1. Vance, D.D., chair- Each afternoon, one of the re- man of the Executive Committee ports* of the six commissions ap- of Foreign Missions, at the openpointed a year ago was read and ing session outlined the task of the immediately the Congress divided church as follows: up into thirty groups-ten in the Men's Division, ten in the Women's Has the church of the twentieth Division, and ten in the Young Peo- century enough character for its task? ple's Division-for discussion of Can it shake off its entanglements with politics, with industry and capi- • The reports of tile Commissions were pub· tal, with civic reforms and credal big- otries, and emancipate itself for its ~~s~ege i~e:u~;~kfo~f i5"2cfnat~e~y c~;1t'n~f t,;h~~~ supreme undertaking which is spir- itual? Can it clothe itself with salva- ~30~1~:;.h~li~,m¥:~~,.of Foreign Missions, Box 355

tion, and flaming with a new passion OOO,OQ() in the next eighteen for Calvary, and bearing the marks of months."

the Cross in its hands and feet, get Dr. James Endicott gave a conto its work? We are here to see. This vincing address, proving that for- Congress will mean next to nothing eign missions is of the very warp unless there issues from it a church and woof of the New Testament. born again, The report of Commission I, of The opening address of the Con- which Dr. Walter L. Lingle was gress was made by Rev. Mark A. chairman, contained the following Matthews, D.D., pastor of the First section on "Missionary Obligation Presbyterian church of Seattle. He and Motive": asserted that the answer to the question, "Why is not our ;cphrch Christ the Only. Foundation more interested in contributing In dealing with the obligations of its ,mdney and its sons and daugh- the Christian church to carry the Gos- ters to missionary work?" was to pel to the nonChristian lands we are be found in the fact that "there touching the crux of the whole prob- are 63,000,000 pagans in America, lem today. Why is it that the interest and it is harder to bring American in foreign missions is everywhere lagpagans to Christ than it is to con- ging and that gifts are faIling off? It is because the Chri·stian people are vert the heathen ….. . no longer gipped by a burning con- "I am standing on the terms of viction that men everywhere are lost without Christ. The sense of urgency, command and by the authority of of immediate danger, of a crisis in Christ, who is absolute in power salvation has largely disappeared. in heaven and earth. Christ is the Many of our preachers no longer only incarnation; there never has been one before and there never preach as dying men to dying men.

will be another. That doctrine Our forefathers believed that men would change America today in everywhere without Christ were in imminent danger of facing the wrath fifteen minutes if the materialistic .of God. Our modern world has largely crowd who are hoarding the wealth lost this urgent note in salvation. We need to restore it. We need to learn would realize it." that we are in danger not only of the Contributions to mission have wrath of God hereafter, but that here and now a world without Christ faces been decreased because "we have immediate disaster in its economic, been spending our money on our- social and international relationships. selves," Dr. Matthews said.

"The organized forces of the antichrist are doing more today to Our age is not primarily interested in weaken the arm of Christianity what it conceives to be a mere figment and to thwart its aim than ever of the theological imagination, but it before," he declared. "Communis- is vitally concerned in present losses tic theories and policies are sweep- and disasters. It is this loss of a ing the world. One billion four mighty conviction about salvation and hundred million people yet unsaved of both a present and a future disaster are lying out before us, presenting to the soul and to modern civilization a field white for the harvest. If without Christ that has cut the nerve Christians were to do the hand- of missionary obligation and enthusi- asm. picked personal work that was What has destroyed this burning done in the first century of the conviction that the nonChristian world church we could touch those 1,400,- is lost without Christ? The problem

1931J WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

here is very little different on the for- Jesus Christ. He loved us and gave eign field from what it is at home. Himself for us. All that we are to- The disease has only come to a head day, and all that we hope to be through a little more quickly on the frontier the eternal age·s to come we owe to lines. What has destroyed the Chris- Him. He wants us to tell all the world tian conviction both at home and the story of His redeeming love. He abroad is the rising tide of secularism. has made His heart's desire known to This, more than the heathen religions, us in many ways. He has even com- is the subtle foe that we must meet manded us to go and preach the Gos- abroad. In fact, the heathen religions pel to every creature. His love should are being undermined by this same be a constraining motive. His com- naturalism ….. . mand should be final with those who At one time all departments of hu- love Him. We have a longing to be man endeavor were built on a churchly Christ-like. If we really want to be foundation. But, one by one, each has like Him, we must share His desire asserted its independence of ecclesi- that all men should be saved ….. . astical control and built its superstructure anew on Ii basis of pure God's ideal for the individual is that naturalism …… Science was once a he should become perfectly like Jesus child of the church; but she has raised Christ. "Whom He did foreknow them the standard 'of revolt, and desires not did He also predestinate to be cononly to rule her own household with- formed to the image of His Son." out outside help, but also to build all His ideal for the world is that it moral and spiritual values on a secu- should become perfectly like heaven. lar foundation. Today the new reli- "Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be gion of Humanism would do without done on earth as it is in heaven." ….. the church, her sacraments and her These ideals can be realized only as supernatural revelation. Such is the men everywhere learn to know and revolt of secularism. It is Christian- love the Christ, and crown Him Lord ity's greatest enemy both at home and of all in their lives ….. . abroad. It has largely taken the nerve out of missionary obligation to a lost An appealing statement was made and dying world. by the Jerusalem Council: Since Christ is the motive, the end of Chris- If this abiding missionary convic- tian missions fits in with that motive. tion and obligation is to be restored, Its end is nothing Jess than the prothen we must show to the world, both duction of Christ-like character in inat home and abYoad, that personality dividuals and societies and nations and modern civilization will perish un- through faith and fellowship with less they are built upon the Rock Christ, the living Saviour, and through Christ Jesus. For other foundati~n corporate sharing of life in a divine can no man lay-not science, philoso- society. Christ is our motive and phy, secularism or humanism-than Chri·st is our end. We must give noththat is laid, which is Jesus Christ. We ing less, and we can give nothing more.

need to show to the world anew the Dr. S. M. Zwemer gave an admeaning of sin both in its individual and in its social aspects, to make clear dress in which he said that the that all secular foundations for the church has lost its sense of the ursoul and for society will ultimately gency of missions, its sense of the fail, to present attractively and con- adequacy of the Gospel and its vincingly the unchanging Christ as sense of the supremacy of Christ. the solution of the world's problems, and as bringing salvation both here Two gripping messages were brought by Dr. Robert E. Speer.

and hereafter. In one he dwelt particularly on the We are under eternal obligation to present day objections that are be-

ing advanced, without and within and who are groping around for the church, concerning foreign mis- the new. sions-objections no different from those which the first Christian had The scope of the Congress can to confront. be seen from the subjects assigned to the six Commissions that pre- In another address he said : "We pared and presented comprehenare facing the same problems with sive reports as follows: which Christianity was confronted at its beginning-problems dealing I. The Missionary Message and with the destiny of the human soul, Obligation-Christianity and the Nonthe personality of Jesus and the Christian Religions. Rev. W. L. relationship of Christianity with Lingle, D.D., chairman. the other religions of the world. The relationship of religion to the II. The Foreign Field-Our Misstate, to politics, to war, to mar- sionary Responsibility. Rev. D. W. riage and to citizenship, also is the Richardson, D.D., chairman. problem of Christianity now as in the beginning." III. The Church at Home-How Can It Meet This Responsibility? Dr. Speer referred to fallacious Rev. H. W. DuBose, D.D., chairman. educational ideas and said: "An idea has been evolved that educa- IV. The Pastor and Missions-His tion must not transmit anything, Place of Leadership. Rev. Wm. M. but must be evocative. We are told Anderson," D.D., chairman. that the experience of mankind in all the years of its existence must V. The Offering of Possessionsnot be transmitted through educa- Adequately Financing the Enterprise. tion. Are we to refrain from teach- Rev. A. S. Johnson, D.D., chairman. ing a language to children until they become eighteen, so that they V. The Offering of Life-The will be able to choose what lan- Missionary Recruits, Past, Present guage they shall learn? Must and Future. Rev. W. Taliaferro everyone start at the beginning of Thompson, D.D., chairman. the human race and learn all its experiences for himself? The Findings things that in the past twenty years the antichristian forces have The facts set forth in the report been attacking are the secondary of Commission I on "The Missionagencies of the church, which we ary Message and Obligation" conhad been told were what the world stitute a ringing appeal to the wanted-the schools and the hos- church. pitals. The need of the world for Jesus "It is sad to see men tearing is as great today as it was when down the old gods before they have He ascended the Cross on Calvary. found the true God, but it gives the The imperative of the Great Com- Christian church an opportunity to mission, "Go ye into all the world replace the old half truths with the and preach the Gospel to every full truth of the living God. The creature," has lost none of its old fanaticisms are dying down, force. He is still saying, "If ye and all over the world one sees men love me, keep my commandments," who have forsaken the old gods "As the Father hath sent me, even so send I you."

In dealing with the obligation of the Christian church to carry the Gospel to the nonChristian lands we are touching the crux of the whole problem today. Why is it that the interest in foreign mis-

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

sions is everywhere lagging and more be placed upon the native that gifts are falling off? It is be- church for support and direction.

cause the Christian people are no Schools which are only secondary longer gripped by a burning con- should not be continued. Recog- viction that men everywhere are nizing the evangelistic value of lost without Christ. these institutions, however, we be- The sense of urgency, of imme- lieve that the church should be diate danger, of a crisis in salva- slow to adopt a policy of establish- tion, has largely disappeared. ing no more schools and hospitals, Many of our preachers no longer but should at present strengthen preach as dying men to dying men. those in existence and be guided Our forefathers believed that men by conditions on the fields in fu- everywhere without Christ were in ture policy.

imminent danger of facing the It should be our missi()nary pro- wrath of God. Our modern world gram to develop in all our fields has largely lost this urgent note self-supporting, self-governing, and in salvation. We need to restore self-propagating native churches, it …… We need to show to the and the church at home should world anew the meaning of sin, supply all that is necessary to real- both in its individual and in its ize this end.

social aspect's, to make clear that To meet these needs there shOUld all secular foundations for the soul be an increase both in missionary and for society will ultimately fail, force and financial support. The to present attractively and con- commission estimates that a twen- vincingly the unchanging Christ ty per cent increase in number of as the solution of the world's prob- missionaries during the next ten lems and as bringing salvation both or fifteen years and an annual in- here and hereafter. crease of five per cent in mission- Our church has not undertaken ery offerings during the same too great a missionary task, and period seems to be a reasonable that we should press on to its com- estimate.

pletion as rapidly as the church Under the guidance of God a furnishes the means for advance. call should be made to all churches Conditions in the world and on our for confession of our inadequate mission fields emphasize the ur- faith, and of our lack of genuine gency of the task and call the self-denial and of devotion to our church to renewed energy and con- Lord and to His service …… The centration to the task. budget should be considered the The effective accomplishment of minimum and that churches should our missionary task means that we be called upon for additional spe- should first establish and strength- cial sacrificial gifts to meet the en the work already under way, great needs of the world as the op- then press on as rapidly as pos- portunityoffers.

sible into unoccupied areas. Direct We strongly endorse the grow- evangelistic work should be ing practice of schools of missions stressed. Institutional work, as and missionary libraries in the represented by scho()ls and hospi- Church, and we especially com- tals should be made subordinate mend schools of missions for men.

and contributory to the evangelistic We believe that there should be objective. They should more and worked Ol,lt some original plan for

the education of the Church in all sound physical condition in order its causes ….. . that the percentage of return be lessened. In the period of prep- The appeal for foreign mission aration, they be encouraged to culsupport should be grounded more tivate a balanced mental attitude largely in a portrayal of the tri- toward life, including participaumphs of the Gospel of Christ and tion in recreational activities, and that the note of defeatism should the cultivation of necessary periods not be so often sounded. of relaxation from their work. They should also be men and wom- The Pastor and Missions en of good general ability. Above all, a missionary must have a sound The pastor, being the divinely moral character and an intense deappointed overseer of the individ- votion for the Master. ual church and the recognized key to all forward movements, should In addition to trying to make the assume the responsibility of mis- missionary spirit permeate all our sionary leadership. It is the judg- homes and institutions, the Church ment of the groups that the pas- has the right to call to particular tor's leadership in missions can be fields such representatives as are made more effective if elders, dea- deemed suitable and desirable. The cons and members of our churches Church through its Foreign Miswould recognize and assume their sion Committee should have the Christ – appointed obligation to power to call a man or woman to a carry out the purpose and program field, but that individual must in of the Great Commission. How- no way be constrained beyond ever, the missionary enthusiasm in what he interprets to be the call of any church, including officers and God to that work. This is not to members, is almost directly pro- be construed to discourage volunportionate to the faithfulness and teering for the field. effectiveness with which the pastor gives missionary information and Our missionary representatives inspiration. should receive the best possible training before being sent out: It There should be greater em- was emphasized again and again phasis on consecration of self and that this training should begin in means, through leadership by pre- Christian homes. This training cept and example of pastor and should, if possible, include the obofficers of every church with firm taining of a college degree because conviction that the tithe is a debt of the necessity for recognition on to the Lord and that gifts come the foreign field. However, the afterward. main emphasis in training should be to secure a real spiritual experi- The Offering of Life ence in the candidate, since the Congress finds the main motive for Missionaries are wanted and are securing, training and sending out needed, and are being sent out to- or going as missionaries "the need day, but that there is a particular and sacrifice of Christ:' need for securing the very best possible type of men and women. These missionaries should be of

IS YOUR BIRTHDAY?

Birthday Bands and Their Remarkable World Wide Mission " H BY EMMA BELLE D. PIERSON, Montclair, New Jersey AVE you ever heard of the Gather Up the Fragments. The most remarkable mission- happy company of 6,000 donors ary enterprise in the now belonging to this Band sent world?" last year over £1300 ($6,500) in This question by a Christian lay- thank offerings of birthday shil- man in Australia was interjected lings.

into a conversation as we sat on a They work through existing mishillside overlooking the city of sionary organizations, helping mis- Brisbane, Queensland. The super- sionaries in tight places when there lative adjective caught our atten- is no money available to meet tion. Then he told us a story of a some peculiarly urgent need. Last world-wide ministry founded by a year the gifts touched twenty-four missionary minded mother and an different countries, supported impressionable lad in Australia twenty-six native Christians, ac- who became interested in working tive messengers for Christ to their and saving and giving to educate own people, and kept in Christian a boy in India. It was in the days homes and schools forty-five boys of paper shaving balls, and the and girls who had been rescued son's willing little hands made doz- from opium dens, idol temples and ens and dozens of these balls and slavery of all kinds. The original sold them, sending a goodly sum Band has increased to eighty-four, on his birthday each year to India with eighty-four prayerful volun- to educate his little brown skinned teer secretaries who send personal brother in a Christian school. Then greetings and missionaries news- the World War came and took this letters to each member as each earnest young Australian boy, birthday comes around. The sec- whose life might have been spent retary's other joyful duty is to for- in the service of Christ in the mis- ward to the central office the "love sion field. The bereaved mother gifts" that come in response to conceived the thought of perpetu- these greetings. There are no paid ating his work, by forming a Mis- officers, (postage stamps are al- sionary Birthday Band to which most their only over-head ex- everyone having a birthday might penses), but such real links are be eligible. being forged between the givers There are missionary enterprises and the needy in far off mission you can visit and see, there are lands that the work is an effective others you cannot. No buildings education.

of stone, no elaborate organiza- One outgrowth from this Mis- tions represent them at home or sionary Birthday Band is as interon the field, but they are neverthe- esting as the Band itself. One less truly adventures for God in member, a retired missionary from the realm of service. Such is the China, appreciating the cheery Missionary Birthday Band formed birthday letter received with news twelve years ago, with the motto: of the one his love gift was help- 361

ing, thought of a bedridden friend little widows who are proteges.

whom he might enroll and thus We stopped at desolate Thursday bring a new outside interest into Island where a tiny girl named his life. The invalid was Mr. Rob- "Little Lovely" is being educated ert A. Byers of Melbourne, for for God's service, enduring there thirty years a helpless paralytic, the hottest average temperature in tc tally blind and partially deaf, and all the world. In the Kwato Mis- hopelessly lock-jawed. With the sion, Papua, we saw how the gifts first birthday greeting to this inva- of the Band are being multiplied lid came a booklet telling of a little a hundredfold in the hands of the blind orphan in India whom the devoted missionaries. In Sydney Band was helping. As a visiting we met Miss Florence Young of friend read to him the story the the Solomon Islands Mission and blind paralytic was filled with a heard of several fine Christian boys longing to do something for the who are being cared for by big countless number of friendless brothers of the Band. In Kobe, blind folk the world over. He spoke Japan, we saw dear old Mrs. Jo to ten friends who joined the who carries on her work for des- Birthday Mission Band, they in pairing women; and in Shanghai turn became leaders of other bands, we visited the Door of Hope, that and eight years later this bedrid- haven for ill-treated child wives den Christian formed his birthday and street girls. All these count the Mission Band into a Mission to the Birthday Bands among their help- Blind, ministering in Bible lands ful friends.

and Far East. When God called Considering the distant out· this brave sufferer to higher serv- reaches of the Band, there is a reice four years ago, the mission in markable family feeling, a touch its seven years had raised over $21,000 and was supporting eight between the needy children and the blind evangelists, five blind Bible parent organization so close that women, and eighty sightless chil- the children themselves show in- terest in each other. Last year the dren, besides publishing Braille blind girls in China felt concern literature in many lands. for the leper children in India and Probably one secret of the suc- undertook to weave a bale of cloth cess of the Birthday Mission Band for them.

lies in its large number of organ- Mr. Byers, founder of the misized prayful volunteer workers. sion to the blind, has been called There is an immense amount of home and ill health has caused Mrs. work entailed in keeping track of Garrett, the mother of the Birthsix thousand birthdays and sup- day Mission Band, to withdraw plying tid-bits of missionary infor- from active service, but friends mation to keep alive a desire to will not permit the rare and lovely cooperate further. work to droop and fade for lack of watering with prayers and gen- On our recent missionary tour we visited several places where the erous gifts. * Band has a loving interest in the work. The Ramabai Mission, near • Jj"or fu['thcl' information write to lIr. W .

Poona, India, includes one or two .J. Tunlpy. 26 Brisbane Arcade, Brisbane, QueellslllllQ.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN

BY THE REV. DONALD FRASER, D.D., Edinburgh, Scotland T HE leaders of the newly show a Christ-like character, and united Church of Scotland attract to Him the million souls in believe that this Church has our own land who are without the now an unrivalled opportunity for Church. influencing the life of Scotland and of the whole world. Since the "The world overseas needs that Union wherever the Church is at we do so. In these days of rapid work there is a spirit of expect- change, when the forces of science, ancy that a forward movement, commerce and nationality are so with a great spiritual dynamic, profoundly influencing the world, will be undertaken by all depart- we who have most to give to shape ments at home and abroad. and guide the nations must see to it that these forces are permeated Such a forward movement has by the spirit of Jesus Christ.

been started and the preliminary "We thank God for all the ac- announcement says: tive efforts of the Church today to "We have the instruments ready overtake its task, yet we must for such a movement. We have a recognize that we have not yet Gospel of the crucified and living proved our adequacy for the enor- Lord, which centuries have proved mous undertakings to which we to be the greatest regenerative are committed. The proposed Formessage of the world. We have ward Movement is a plan by which organizations formed to meet the we may draw more fully upon our needs of the age and to carry this immense resources, by making ourmessage to all classes and races of selves more aware of the task to men. We have our own personali- which we are summoned, and the ties which, if dedicated to the power available to accomplish it.

Kingdom of God, can provide the "The method we would use is to service of men, money and prayer, issue a carefully considered Call to which will make these organiza- the whole Church. This we are tions freely active. preparing through commissions which are reviewing our respon- "What more is required? Only sibilities, and commitments and that the Church should now claim what response these demand of us. and draw upon the unlimited re- The result of their study will be sources of power which are in her embodied in a volume which will membership, and in God the Holy take the form of 'A Call to the Spirit. Service of the Kingdom.' The Call will be conveyed to the Church by "Scotland needs that we do so. a Congress to be held in Glasgow, Our religious habits and faith are October 26 to 30, 1931, at which apt to be merely a heritage from 2,000 to 3,000 delegates from all the past. They must become our the Presbyteries in Scotland will own through deep religious con- be present. Thereafter it has victions, till Christ the Lord of all been suggested that provincial con- Life, so triumphs in our personal gresses of shorter duration should and social life and controls all our relationships, that the Church shall 363

be held. These will be followed by bring definitely before the various a series of Missions of the King- meetings of their Church the purdom from town to town, and Pres- pose and value of the Forward bytery to Presbytery, when there Movement. will be presented to the Church and the whole community the call "Our hope lies in the spirit of to personal and congregational prayer which may be roused and dedication to Christ and the serv- maintained throughout the Church. ice of His Kingdom. In addition We would have the preparation of to, and in preparation for these the Call so directed by the prayers more local efforts, directed and of the Church that when it appears, prayerful study of the Call in the and is conveyed to the Congress at congregations will be essential, in Glasgow, it shall be as the voice of order to reap the maximum of ben- God to His Church. efit and stimulus. "We ask that in the pUlpit serv- "Meanwhile it is necessary that ices, and in all meetings of the a spirit of expectation and of congregation prayers may go unprayer he created and nurtured. ceasingly to God. We suggest that Already many forms of a forward prayer groups should be formed of movement are visible. In some those who shall study the. pamcases it appears in a house to house phlets and pray for the Holy Spirvisitation, which has now become more possible under a plan of ter- it, and that in the family and in ritorial responsibility: in others private devotions the Call and the in united evangelistic services, and Congress he remembered. in meetings for the quickening of spiritual life. "If all bear their part in creat- ing and stimulating this atmos- "A series of papers dealing with phere of prayer and expectation, the Church's task, its message, and we shall see such a Forward Movethe Divine Power necessary, will ment as will change Scotland, and be circulated first to ministers, and influence the whole world." afterwards to the public. Their object is to enable ministers to Are there not valuable sugges- tions here for a world-wide spir- itual revival in every Church and in every land?

THE CHURCH IN A CHANGED WORLD The Church today finds itself in a vastly different world from the one of a few years ago. Modern discoveries, new inventions, the scientific spirit, and the enlarged knowledge of the world in all its aspects have had their effect not only on the world in general but especially on religion and the work of the Church. New problems and new difficulties stand in her path. The whole world has been changed. Mission lands have also felt this impact and, although backward and static for centuries, are now changing rapidly, giving the Church the opportunity of laying Christian principles in the foundations of the new nations that seem destined to exert a mighty influence on the whole family of nations….. .

The world has changed, but the outstanding human needs remain as of yore. The world is poor, and sick, and ignorant, and sinful. Man needs a God who is Christ-like and who makes Christ·like men. The Church knows that God. She has that kind of men. The Church is the human agent by which men may come to iknow Jesus Christ, and may be led into that transformed Life.

-C. H. STAUFFACHER in The Evo.,ngelico.,/ Messenger.

Much Is a Missionary to less than one half its normal

VVorth? Chinese workers are paid in this de- preciated currency and suffer hard- Who can rightly estimate the worth ship from the present higher prices.

of a man-as a unit in society, as a Most missionaries are paid in foreign laborer, as a leader of men, as a fa- currency (gold) and receive the bene- ther, as a prophet of God? In some fit of present exchange rates. (One parts of the world a man's life is gold dollar now buys $4.50 in Chinese worth less than that of a beast-even donars in place of $2.00 at the normal before the law. On the other hand, rate.) If missionaries are paid a fixed some officers of the Bethlehem Steel rate in Chinese dollars they suffer Corporation have received over one when paying foreign obligations in million dollars a year each as a bonus gold.

in addition to salaries. The ground The general cost of living in most on which these huge payments were mission lands has advanced from 25 made was the value of these men from to 100 per cent. Since more responsi- a business point of view. The worth bilities are being placed in the hands of some men and women cannot be of the Nationals in these mission estimated in dollars and "they are fields, they are being taken into the not for sale." councils of the missions and have a Questions have been raised in for- voice in the allocation of mission eign fields and even in home circles funds. Some of them complain of a in regard to salaries paid to mission- lack of Christian justice in the dis- aries and secretaries of some mission tribution of the funds available. They boards. Some clergymen in small par- claim that since all Christians of ishes, with salaries of $500 to $1,500 whatever race are brothers, they a year on which to care for large fam- should share either poverty or wealth mes, look critically on the salaries of with fellow servants of Christ. The from $10,000 to $15,000 a year paid trouble is accentuated in fields where to pastors of wealthy city churches, students have been sent to America even where they have no large family for study, have become accustomed to to support. Self-sacrificing givers to American standards of living and on mission funds sometimes question the return to their home lands have been payment of comparatively large sal- asked to accept service in a mission aries to secretaries and treasurers of with the salary of a native worker. boards supported by these gifts. One They are not ready to return to the mission board at home will pay two standard of living they accepted be- to three times the salary paid to a fore going abroad. This issue has similar officer in another board. become accute in the Peking Union From China and other mission fields Medical College-which is not truly similar questions are raised as to sal- a mission institution and where the aries. Chinese Christian workers, policy is to replace foreign doctors with large families and small incomes and teachers with Chinese. The col- ask why missionaries should receive lege has felt it necessary to offer salaries four to five times as large. high salaries in competition with uni- The problem is aggravated by the fact versities abroad. Naturally the dis- that Chinese currency has depreciated parity between such salaries and those 365

paid to both Chinese and foreigners these plans seem to be impractical for by mission hospitals is very great. If general adoption. If God calls a Chris- Chinese mission doctors, trained in tian, like D. L. Moody or George MUl- Peking or abroad, are paid large sal- ler, to live and work without a definite aries what shall be done about the and regular salary or promised insalaries of equally well trained pro- come then He will provide for his fessors in mission colleges and pas- needs. tors of mission churches? Many Chine.se are adopting the western slo- Noone can estimate what a Godgan "Equal pay for equal work"-at called mission secretary, missionary least in proportion to living expenses. or other Christian worker is worth. Value is not measured in dollars, or Obviously the raising of the sal- we might estimate what a man should aries of nationals in various fields to be willing to take in exchange for his equal or practically equal the mis.sion- soul. Some of the practical Christian aries' salaries from foreign funds principles are however involved in dewould be impossible from the funds termining the salary basis for Chrisavailable, and foreigners' salaries tian service. could not be reduced to the standard of native workers without endanger- 1. The income for living expenses, ing health and life itself. from whatever source or sources, should be based on actual needs-for Most missionaries have no inde- health, progress, effective service and pendent resources. Experience has family responsibilities. On this basis taught that they require enough in- salaries should be adjusted to circumcome to enable them to live so that stances; those with independent inhealth may be preserved in a foreign comes would accept proportionately environment; so that they may have less-a,s some do. occasional furloughs at home and periods of recuperation; so that their 2. No missionary worker-at home children may be properly educated and or abroad-living on mission funds is so that they may be relieved of many justified in luxurious spending-or responsibilities that interfere with living on a scale that hinders testitheir mission work. A foreigner can- mony or shows a lack of Christ-like not, as a rule, live as cheaply as a na- self-sacri5.ce in the interest of His tional and maintain efficiency. Kingdom. There is a great divergence in the scale of living among mission- Foreign and Native Workers aries, even in the same field, but we are convinced that most missionaries We return to the question-How live sacrificially. As at home, so much is a man worth? How much is abroad, some Christians do not know a missionary worth? How large a the meaning of the word sacrifice, essalary should be paid for Christian pecially in physical comforts. service? What should be the ratio of salaries paid to foreign and native 3. Christian testimony and efficient workers; and to whom should native spiritual service are of first impor- Christian workers look for their liv- tance. These come before the probing expenses? lems of saving expen.se in travel, in servants, in equipment or in rest pe- It might be ideal if every Christian riods. But spiritual efficiency and could follow the Apostle Paul's exam- fruitage in service are fortunately or ple and be self-supporting while carry- unfortunately not in proportion to the ing on their mission or if they could, money spent on salaries or equipment. like Christ Himself, live on the hos- These depend on the spiritual life and pitality and free will offerings of those power. who sympathize with His mi.ssion. Some Christian workers are able to 4. To bring the churches on the do this but in this complex age both of mission fields to independence or to dependence on God their eyes must

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

be turned away from America as their Much progress has been made almoner. The sooner these national through the first Round Table Con- workers can receive their support ference and the agreement between from their own people the better it Mr. Gandhi and Lord Irwin. Now the will be. This will not hinder their All-India National Congress has met securing help according to their need at Karachi and Mahatma Gandhi has from fellow Christians in any land. shown his strength by winning the In the days of famine or other troubles delegates over to acceptance of his it is a privilege for Christians to bear constitutional program. He calls not one anothers burdens. It is important, only for Indian political independence however, not to encourage a standard but for the control of the Indian army, of living above what is possible or the national finances, the management desirable for the majority in a given of foreign affair.s and demands com- locality and not to pauperize Chris- mercial and social equality with the tian workers by making them depend- British. He still stands for nonvio- ent on foreign contributions. It is lence and passive resistance. By vote not healthy for a man to feel inde- of the Congres.s, Mr. Gandhi demands pendent of God. a constitution containing the follow- In the early days of missionary ef- ing twenty-four articles: fort, the heroic Christlike self-denial 1. Freedom of association and combiand self-sacrifice of missionaries like Paton, Gih~our, Judson and Hudson nation. Taylor, had a great effect on the 2. Freedom of speech and press. 3. Freedom of conscience and free pro- Church at home and on the natives to whom they witnessed. The same prin- fession and practice of religion. ciple holds good today-for it follows 4. No disability to attach to any perthe example set by Christ Himself. son by reason of religion, caste or creed regarding public employment in office of power or in any trade or calling.

5. Equal rights and obligations of all citizens, with no civic bar on account of India's Demand for Freedom sex.

6. Equal rights of all citizens in use Liberty and independence are quite of public roads, public wells and public distinct. A boy may, like the Prodi- resorts. gal Son, demand and secure independ- 7. The right to keep and bear arms ence only to become a slave. The Philippines might gain independence in accordance with such regulations as of America only to enter a period of may be required for public safety. economic slavery, civil strife or to become the prey of pirates and bandits. 8. Religious neutrality on the part of The most complete liberty is often en- the state. joyed in conjunction with economic and political dependence. As a mat- 9. A living wage for industrial workter of fact, none of us are in reality ers, limited hours of labor, healthy conindependent. Human relations are ditions for work, and protection against too closely intertwined and all are de- economic consequences of old age, sickpendent on God and His laws. ness and unemployment.

In India many radicals desire com- 10. Labor to be freed from conditions plete political independence, even of serfdom. though this may involve "financial and economic ruin and social slavery for 11. Protection of women workers, with multitudes. True Indian statesmen adequate provisions for leave during madesire only such freedom from im- ternity periods. posed control as will give liberty and promote national and racial progress. 12. Prohibition against employment of This liberty Great Britain is ready children of school age in factories.

to grant. 13. Right of labor to form unions. 14. Substantial reduction of land rev- enue and rents. 15. Adult suffrage.

16. Free primary education.

17. Military expenditures cut in half. 18. Civil department expenditures and salaries to be substantially reduced, with no state servant to be paid over the In- dian equivalent of $200 monthly. 19. Protection of native cloth by ex- clusion of foreia-n cloth and foreign yarn.

20. Total prohibition of intoxicating Hindus; a way to uplift the masses drinks and drugs. of India's outcastes; the release of 21. No duty on salt. women from the purdah; laws to pro- 22. Regulation of the exchange ratio tect children; the abolition of obso as to help Indian industries. scenities from religious temples and 23. Control by the state of key indus- rites; greater protection against epitries and mineral resources. demic·s due to temple tanks and lack 24. Control of usury, direct or indirect. of sanitation; and full religious lib- The congress adopted additional res- erty, so far as it is in harmony with olutions deploring the recent communal justice, and morality and does not inriots in Cawnpore and other cities, urg- terfere with the welfare of individuals ing that the northwest frontier province or subvert the authority of the' State. have the same form of government as other provinces; condemning the "for- Encouragement in Cbina ward" policy of the British in the northwest territory; advocating intensifica- In spite of many difficulties the Chition of the picketing of stores sellin~ nese National Government is makforeign goods; appealing to the govern- ing progress. One of the most ments of South Africa and East Africa encouraging signs is the recent acto give Indian settlers in those countries knowledgment of the failures and the same measure of justice they wouI!1 sins of prominent government leaders. claim for their own nationals in -a "Free They are ready to "lose face" to save India," and urging the right of Burma the country. A cable message to the to claim separation from India or to re- New York Times reports: "The fourth main an autonomous partner without plenary session of the Central Execuinterference from the British Govern- tive Committee of the Kuomintang ment. . party reported astonishing public con- fessions of nepotism, corruption, tyr- The justice and advantage of most anny and other abuses, together with of these demands is readily admitted admonitions and orders that there so that they should enli.st the support must be a basic reform in the conduct of every lover of India. Some of the of the government and of the party articles do away with ca~te restric- organization. From General Chiang tions (articles 4, 5, 6 and 10). Others, Kai-shek down, the Nanking leaders if observed, will radically change the made speeches and issued manifestoes religious .situation, will stop persecu- denouncing the failure of the Kuomintion and give protection to these who tang, as an organization, to carry out wish to be baptized as Christians (ar- the principles upon which it was ticles 3, 4, and 8). There are provi- founded. Dire threats of punishment sions against intoxicants and drugs were made against those who in the and to provide for free primary edu- future betray public trusts. cation. Nothing is included, however, to prohibit child marriage and polyg- "General Chiang Kai-shek, at a meamy, or to promote social purity. It morial service for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, is thought that Great Britain will es- made the following admissions: pecially object to the reduction of the army, the curtailment of official sal- " 'The Manchus were overthrown bearies, and the giving to the State full cause they constituted a special caste. control of key industries. But it is a But now we who staged the revolution much easier matter to put provisions for the overthrow of the Manchus into the Constitution than to put them have ourselves come to be regarded into practice. People must be edu- by the people as a privileged caste. cated to enjoy liberty or it becomes They are now cherishing toward us unwholesome license. True personal the same hatred and repugnance with freedom does not interfere with the which they looked upon the Manchus. rights of others. " 'It is all of us party members who There is world-wide interest in In- are responsible for the virulence of dia's struggle for self-government but no lasting peace or true prosperity can come until a remedy is found for_ the antagonism between Moslems and

the Communist menace in this coun- Kai-shek, as acting Minister of Edu- try. The fact that the Communists are cation, is now approaching Chinese rife bears witness to the weakness of Christian leaders to discover their the Kuomintang. That the Kuomin- view of what religious liberty would tang members should have failed to involve in Education.

prevent the people from supporting communism in certain places consti- Home Mission Convictions tutes perhaps the most serious dis- I have just returned from a month's work in the western states deeply imgrace of the party.' . pressed with the importance and value of national missions. This experience "The manner in which the Nanking has deepened in me the following conleaders are facing their tremendous victions: First, the value and imperaproblems is arousing in China a con- tive necessity of national missions; siderable measure of admiration and second, the invaluable service national approval. Even Chinese and foreign missions is rendering today· to the naobservers who have been unsparing tion; third, the increasing demand for in their criticisms of the Nanking wise and efficient Christian leadership; Government now admit that there is fourth, the absolute necessity of evidence of a new sincedty of pur- hearty cooperation on the part of the pose among the leaders. churches and other allied organiza- tions, presbyteries and presbyterials, "The Kuomintang's unpopularity synods and synodicals, headqua :ters with the masses has arisen from facts staff and field staff. There is no subnow frankly admitted by the Nanking stitute for cooperation in promoting leaders-namely, that local city and national missions. provincial Kuomintang organizations have 'insolently usurped power' and The "ambassadors of Christ" are the interfe:ed with civil and even military pioneers of our national progress, the administration. creator-s of our national ideals, the builders of our national institutions, "The Central Executive Committee the inspiration of our national spirit, now proposes a rigid control over the and the incarnation of our national activities of the Kuomintang and faith. They, more than any other men warns the local party organization to in the nation, are converting the spirit confine their efforts and activities to of suspicion into the spirit of faith, educating the people and not to med- the spirit of greed into the spirit of dling with politics or government in the future.

"Reform proposals formally adopted at Nanking as a result of the Plenary giving, the spirit of hatred into the Session may be summarized as fol- spirit of love, the spirit of selfishness lows: into the spirit of sacrifice, the spirit "All branch Kuomintang offices are of America into the spirit of Christ.

to be explicitly instructed against any Wherever the representatives 'of the encroachment upon the rights of the Church go, the home is proteEted, the people. Administrative and judicial school is established, the church is authorities are enjoined against mak- promoted, the hospital is supported, ing arrests or appropriating property the community house is encouraged, except by due process of law. Officials the court is fostered, and the state is and Kuomintang membe.'s violating defended. Let us, then, go at the task these instructions will be punished not with a renewed determination to work only under the Criminal Code but a1so together, work to win, and to make by heavier punishments, especially whatever sacrL'ice is necessary to win prescribed." America for Christ.

It is stated that General Chiang JOHN McDOWELL. 4

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~l # ~ ttt' ~ ~ '"C" t ~ ;l.t- ?I I ~ . ~I ffi :fi !t ~ trJ.

~ PROTE CT YOUR F'OOD ~'ROM ~' LIES KILL INS~JC'l'S THAT SPREAD DIShJAShJ j8iJkmJ ~m ~~2.I~WDH …,.-, •I II NEVER WASH VEGETABLES IN A RATHE YOUR CHILD AT REGULAR TIMES DIWl'Y BROOK GOOD HEALTH POSTICRS FRO",,! KOREA Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, who has .been visit- These Health Posters are now also used ing the mission fields in Asia, has sent a in China and Japan. They illustrate how number of posters which the Korean disea se is carried by the fly and mosquito school children made under the direction and how this may be prevented. They of the Child Welfare Department of the illustrate lessons in the care of children Evangelistic Social Center of Seoul. and in personal hygiene.

370 EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Usable methods for missionary which sets off the heavy rice diets of workers in Child Welfare and Child- these countries. It is also quite rich Health Centers all over the world, in in fat and mineral matter, and last, America as well as elsewhere. The but not least, it is much cheaper. A bean milk recipe referred to later wa,s bottle of cow's milk costs ten sen given in the June, 1930, issue of this whereas a bottle of Soy Bean Milk Department and the fact mentioned oosts two sen. that it was secured in China. Later, Miss Rosenberger of the Social Evan- It has been used very largely in gelistic Center in Seoul, Korea, our work at the Social Evangelistic adopted it. ,From Persia and other Center, Seoul, Korea, as a supplemenfields letters are coming asking for tary feeding, and also as an entire spedfic information concerning its food. For the latter it must be modiuse. To know that little starving fied, and this modification will be given "tummies" are being filled and little with the recipe at the end of this feedbodies are being relieved of suffering ing method. We have even fed one because of this simple method of world case of marasmus on the Soy Bean communication, gives joy to this De- Milk. partment. The picture of before and after us- THE SOY BEAN MILK AS A FOOD ing it will illustrate the success. This baby was brought from an extremely By E. T. ROSENBERGER, R.N. poor home where there were five chil- dren-the father totally blind, the Child Welfare Dept., Social Evangelistic mother half blind. It was a case of Center, Seoul, Korea giving the baby the Bean Milk or let- Having received letters from dif- ting it starve, so we immediately comferent countries regarding Soy Bean menced feeding it and watching it Milk I am giving in these columns a very closely. It gained a pound the full explanation of the p·eparation, first month and the second month likeuses and benefits of it. wise. Then for a time during the winter there was a standstill, but the In the first place it is a fact that pictures will show the results of this the diets of Oriental countries are not attempt after one year's Bean Milk suited to the proper nutrition of young children because of the lack of milk feeding. in them. Milk has been found to be The Soy Bean as an important food the foundation of all foods f.or growing children in all countries. How- dates back to remote history. It is ever, cow's milk is not available in all said that it appears in the Chinese of these countries, and it behooves us Materia Medica of Shen Nung in the to find a substitute. This substitute year 2838 B. C. China to this day has been found in the Soy Bean Milk uses very little dairy or meat products, which has been perfected by Dr. Er- but they have lived for centuries on nest Tso of the Peking Union Medical a diet remarkably well balanced by College. It takes its place so highly the use of the Soy Bean. It is said because it is so very rich in protein that Buddhist monks consecrated at birth to the priesthood are carried 371

through the entire period of childhood add 20 grams of starch either from on the diet of the Soy Bean curd. rice or corn. This is cooked in the same way as you would prepare corn- We feel that it is one food which starch pudding. Also add 60 grams we should encourage to be used for of sugar and 1% grams of calcium small children in Korea where the lactate and one gram of table salt to mortality rate is high and the chil- this mixture. The calcium lactate is dren have such an inadequate diet. It BEFORE FEEDING SAME BABY A FEW MO~THS LATER TIlE EFFECT OF FEEDING A KOUV,AN BABY f;OY BEA:, )fILK is one food that we can safely advo- best added while the milk is cold or cate, make and use because the price else after the mixture is boiled or it is not prohibitive. might curdle. It should be first mixed with a little cold milk and then added. Soy Bean Milk About the same quantity of this 1. One part beans well washed mixture as cow's milk is use::! to feed the babies-according to their caloric 2. Eight parts of pure tap water requirements. No child should have more than 1000 or 1100 c. c. a day of 3. Soak over night this milk. In a little baby it may pro- duce frequent stools, which should be 4. Grind through native mill well watched under a doctor's care. Cod liver oil should be part of the 5. Boil whole quantity five minutes. feeding from the beginning of the use of Soy Bean Milk-at first 6 to 8 6. Put through sieve-the result is c. c. per day and gradually increased milk . to 15-20 a day.

Beans should be half milled and skins removed, if possible.

Additional rwte: To each liter of Soy Bean Milk (1000 c. c. or 32 oz.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

(We have rece.ived at least seventy- first few times she had grown calfive requests to publish the following loused. That, and the stupor that effe.ctive China pwylet.) came from exhaustion and starvation, dulled the quiver and the hurt of be- "NOBODY WANTS" CHANGES HER ing "Nobody Wants."

NAME PART 2 By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER She shivered, drew her ragged gun- ny sacking coat around her and re- PART 1 marked to brother, "The winds of the Southland must have come from our A family of Chinese famine refu- own North Country." gees from the far, frozen, starving North Country struggled around the "And who but you would be bringcorner into Stone Arches Street that ing them, the one Nobody Wants, inled past the Loving Heart School. deed!" he answered scornfully. Their torn padded garments were patched with gunny sacking, their feet But some one was passing by just bled through the straw sandals tied then and the little girl knew it beon with rags. The father and mother, hooved her to bring some coppers into gaunt and worn, each carried a staff the family exchequer or she would and a begging bowl which they held have to be moving along again. out to passers-by on the cobbled street. With a grace the rest of the children "Nobody Wants" was a bit thinner somehow could not achieve, she began and more ragged than the rest of them her little begging dance, running bebecause she didn't belong to them at side the passer-by with sliding side all. She had been following them for steps, one, two, three, and a kneeling a few days as she had followed one curtsy, with her hands held together after another' group of just such wan- in petition, repeating this dance movederers as these, in the long wearisome ment to the accompaniment of her trek from the North Country where little pleading chant: famine had stalked them, and the bitter winter had hounded them to the Some coppers, please, Southland where winter was not so Rich scholar of ease! unkind, and where the rice fields did Your blessings will grow, not fail to feed the fortunate South- Your merit increase, ern Chinese folk. Thus happiness sow, Some coppers, please. Her own father and mother and laughing baby brother the cruel fam- Brother pounced upon the coppers ine had taken those months ago that that the passing gentleman threw her, seemed so many years. When father but "Nobody Wants" scarcely noticed at last had not answered her call, she it. For suddenly, she heard from fled in terror from the tiny house that within the big black door opposite her had once been so happy, but was now the sounds of children's laughter. so still and cold and haunted. Stum- She stopped while the rest of them bling along a frozen road she had wandered on down the street. Quietly joined her first band of refugees she crept to the gate, and cautiously southward. pushed it open a crack so that she could see inside. Of course they had not wanted her. You could not blame them. They al- Children, within a grassy yard, such ready had too many mouths to feed, happy children! and all of them were hungry. So before long she had joined another "Ai! They are playing 'Cat catch group of wanderers, carrying with the mouse.''' she explained, old memher from one band to another, the ories stirring. only name she had heard these many months, "Nobody Wants." After the They were laughing like she and baby brother used to laugh. She dropped down on the stone step to watch them better.

A child put her head outside the her and sat down beside her on the gate, and cried in surprise, "Why, step. look who's here 1" "But where are your big people?" "Nobody Wants" instinctively asked another child. dragged her tired little body from those comfortble steps and began her "Nobody Wants" shook her head little dance and song. and her eyes filled with tears. "The great hunger took them. And so all Some coppers, please, the other 'big people' I follow call me Rich lady of ease- 'Nobody Wants.'''

"I'm not a rich lady," laughed the "Ai, ai," all the children crooned in girl gaily, "but, oh, how pretty you the sympathetic Chinese way, and do it! Love Pearl, Bright Flower, gathered close around her. "We're so Virtue Gold, and all the rest," she Borry." raised her voice delightedly, "come, come quickly!" "It must be that she is hungry, since she has no 'big people:" Love "Nobody Wants" kept on with her Pearl cried, "How could we not think fetching wee dance and tuneless little of it?" song, as the other children gathered and opened wide the gate to watch "She can have a bowl of my rice," her! said one.

"Ai, ai!" they clapped their hands. "And one of my bowls," echoed an- "How pretty!" other.

"It's prettier even than any our "Mine too," cried another and an- Kindergarten Sister-Teacher teaches other. the tiny ones," said one. "If she has no 'big people' she has "Teach us how," Love Pearl cried, no place to go," Bright Flower said. all enthusiasm. "Oh, stay with us," several of them "Yes, yes, do, please, little sister," chorused. "Our school is such a happy they all echoed and gathered around place." "Nobody Wants" patting her and welcoming her. "See," they pointed to the words over the gate. "Its name is the School Their affectionate welcome had of the Loving Heart. It is a Jesus made her f.orget to be shy. She began school you know," as if that explained to do her steps very slowly so that it all. they might see how she did it, chanting her little song the while. They "She can share my bed and my all tried to imitate her, with more or downy comfort," said one very pracless Buccess, laughing over their awk- tically. ward attempts, until finally they did it quite well and in unison with their "No, no, I want her to sleep with little chant. me," said Love Pearl.

Very suddenly "Nobody Wants" sat "No, not every night. She must down and the children noticed that take turns," cried another girl. she was faint. They gathered about her solicitously. "You come from the "See, little sister," Virtue Gold North Country, don't you?" they aBked turned her face about withgenUe her as she rested. "We know from hands. You aren't "Nobody Wants" your speech." any more. You are "Everybody Wants." '''Nobody Wants," nodded her head. "Yes, everybody wants 'Everybody "What's your name?" asked one of Wants,''' the rest of the children them. danced about her, saying the words delightedly. "Nobody Wants," said the little refugee. "But your 'big people' may not want me," the old te "ror coming back Virtue Gold put her arm around to the little refugee.

"Oh, but you do not know how lov- ing they are, the other country teach-

er, and our Big Sister Teacher!" Love Persons required, 2 tall 'teen age boys, 3 'teen age girls, 1 junior boy Pearl assured her. (Dr 2) at least 6 junior girls. "They will love you and teach and Famine Re/ugee.s-Father, mother, care for you just as they do for us,"

said Bright Flower. "You see they at least two children, a boy and small have the Jesus-love in their hearts." girl with a large doll strapped to "Yes, and didn't they tell us about mother's back. "Nobody Wants," a the famine? We've been saving our girl of about 10. This group dress in coppers to send to the North Country, ragged gunny sacking, much patched for oh, such a long time!" coats, worn over overalls tied about "And now the N·orth Country and at ankles with rags.

the famine come to us," the rest of Passer-by in the long coat of a Chi- them finished for Virtue Gold. "Please nese scholar, a young Chinese student, stay with us, Everybody Wants." in khaki or regular Western suit.

"Yes, everybody wants you." They SchooL chiLd7'en in light colored made a little song of it. coats, worn over trousers. Here over- alls will serve but left free at the Then they all noticed suddenly the ankle. Young American and the young Chinese women teachers standing arm in American missionU7CY teacher in orarm in the doorway where they had dinary clothes. been listening to the conversation and nodding to 'each other, smilingly as Chinese teacher in a dark skirt, and light colored Chinese jacket.

they listened. . Setting-A double door between Love Pearl jumped to her feet, and two rooms could be used to represent giving a signal to the other children, the school gate that opens upon the they joined her in the little dance they street, with high compound walls on had just learned, singing as they each side. The doors should open in, danced. with at least one step constructed per- Everybody want her, haps from a long low box. If actual Dear teachers, please. doors are not possible in the center back of the stage, then screens may Your blessings will groW, be placed to represent compound wall, Your merit increase. with a double door made of hinged screens for the gate before which the Thus happiness sow, action takes place. Everybody wants her! A simpler form of the pantomime "Yes, indeed r Everybody wants could dispense with all of the refugees except brother and "Nobody Wants" her," the other country teacher and with Part 1 read as a prologue, the the Chinese sister teacher said to- action beginning with Part 2. gether. 3. As a play, with children taking They stooped down and helped the part in the dialog as well as the action. little refugee to her feet, and the Here, too, Part 1 might be read as a children gathered about her, affection- prologue with children taking the diately leading her inside the gate. As alog and action in Part 2. Or proit closed after them, they were sing- logue and reader may be dispensed ing, with entirely, and the children work out their own dramatization after they She changed her name, have mastered the story, which is the Everybody wants her approved pedogogic method. The very Everybody wants her! simple dance and tunele·ss little song This story may be presented in three ways, 1. As a story told simply, but dramatically. Time required 10 minutes.

2. As a pantomime, with the story which can be a pretty feature should told or read by a reader, while the be mastered but should not take long action is enacted as described. to learn.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE EMERGING EAST in Gujerati, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil and Urdu. Each copy was eagerly By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY passed around to reach a large group of happy children. Within the last The Christian Literature Society year a new expansion has taken place in its circulation. An Indian pub- The Christian Literature Committee lisher has been found who is willing of the Federation of Woman's Boards to take over the publishing and disof Foreign Missions came into being tribution of various editions if the in response to a great need about fif- Committee will simply pay for the teen years ago. The Foreign Mission cost of translation. We now have ar- Boards were faced by the need of rap- ranged for a Telugu and a Burmese idly growing Christian Literature edition and are in process of arrangcommunities 'throughout m iss ion ing for one in Bengali. lands for books, good books, adapted to different ages. We had taught boys Romance of Finance and girls to read but after they had learned the art they had nothing to Through a Memorial Gift of $500 read. As a result, not infrequently given by the delegates at Northfield they lapsed back into illiteracy. it was made possible to begin a maga- zine for children in Burmese; a When the demand for Christian widow gave enough to establish as a books adapted to the use of women Memorial to her husband and daughand children became vocal, the Wom- ter an edition in Gujerati; a misan's Foreign Mission Boards moved sionary society in memory of two dethrough their Federation to supply voted member·s, mother and daughter, the need. The first Chairman of the furnished the money for the first year newly organized Committee was Miss of the Telugu edition; a devoted Epis- Alice M. Kyle of Boston, a woman of copal woman, in memory of her mothvision and faith who continued to di- er, provided for a translation of the rect the affairs of the Committee un- Tamil edition in the country of Bishop til her death in 1930 and who. ·saw the Azariah; a local Federation provided funds for this work increase from for the furnishing of a Christmas proabout $400 to $10,000 annually. gram for all the Sunday Schools in China. Children's Periodicals A Christian Magazine for Africa The Committee decided to publish monthly magazines for children and the home. Happy Childhood, a chil- Soon after the Jerusalem Conferdyen's magazine was the first to be ence an International Committee was published in China. There followed organized to study the situation of a magazine in Japan-Shoshoki. Then Africa in regard to the supply of The Treasure Chest was established to Christian books. As a result the Exbe published in English for India. AI- ecutive Secretary, Miss Margaret most as .goon as it was published the Wrong, came over from England in demand arOse for its publication in the intere·st of the Committee. She the various languages of India. was able to persuade that great mis- Quickly it was expanded to be issued sionary and wonderful writer, Jean 376 Mackenzie, to undertake to edit what was expected at first to be a bi-lingual magazine, half of each page in Eng- lish and half in French, but it was later found that the French wanted the magazine in their own language in the French and Belgian colonies and in West Africa, so Miss Mackenzie will edit the magazine in English for circulation in British East Africa and other British African colonies. The financing of the French magazine and its publication will be arranged for in Paris. "HAPPY CHILDHOOD" COMES TO The Committee on Christian Litera- THE MISSION ture was asked by this International of devout women were abundantly Committee if it would stand behind worthy of our support. The Comtheir venture. The Committee decided mittee took action, and the needed to venture out in faith on this new support is to be sent on. enterprise, and pledged itself to give $1000 toward it during the first year. The case of the Antorcha Missionera in Mexico was likewise investigated.

A Providential Preparation It was found that by incredible cour- age and enterprise the Evangelical The hand of God was so clearly group had brought their magazine for seen in thus providing funds for the the Christian home almost to the point Committee to make this new venture of self support, and that a little help of faith. It has been not less clear in would put it on its feet. This money other forward steps. A year ago last was sent-and so the story goes. July there came a request from the Everywhere there are opening doors, Christian Literature Committee of everywhere clamant needs. Korea for help in establishing a magazine for children which should do for Book Translation the children of Korea what Happy In various fields the way has opened Childhood was doing for the children to p~ovide, often by special gifts, for of China. The resources of the Com- the translation and publication of mis- mittee did not justify our attempting sionary books. The Young Adven- this unless fresh sources of income turers was translated into Chinese as were found. This was explained at a Memorial to Mrs. Cronk, the author.

Northfield, and at once a lady gave The translation of A Straight Way $500, another $300, another $100 and Towa1'd Tomor1"Ow was financed by the the remainder of the $1000 needed to Central Committee for the United underwrite the magazine for three Study of Foreign Missions. A transla- years was raised. The magazine, en- tion into Chinese of From Jerusalem to titled The Child World, began publi- J enlsalem was made possible by the cation in July, 1930. personal gift of the young lady who In Buenos Aire·s. Argentina, a little for more than twenty years has man- group called the Women's Evangelical aged the office of the Central Commit- League was formed, which among tee. Another gift made possible a other things published a Christian Japanese translation. The Adventure magazine for the home. The earnest of Prayer has gone into Chinese and enthusiastic little paper, glowing with Burmese. One Girl's Influence by .Rob- spiritual power, needed a small sub- ert E. Speer, after going through num- sidy to widen its sphere of usefulness berless editions in English, has been about $300. After consultation with translated into Japanese, and has al- Dr. Inman we found that this group ready gone through nine editions.

Plans for Expansion THE OHUROH ON THE MARCH With all these opportunities for ex- Florida Chain of Missionary pansion facing the Committee it was Assemblies decided that more money must be had. A campaign was arranged that shaull By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY plan for parlor meetings and lunch- "Ye shall be my witnesses." In ac- eons in as many centers as possible in cordance with this, a group of fourteen order to bring before the public needs witnesses, missionaries from the ends for Christian lite "ature. The National of the earth, and Christian leaders, Christian Literature Committees in started on a three-week campaign in the different mission lands were ap- Florida, beginning January 16th in pealed to for the names of books, na- West Palm Beach, proceeding to Mi- tive or translated, which were geatly ami, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Clearwa- needed by their countries. These lists ter, Orlando and DeLand, with various have already been received. They are one-day stops in important centers.

appealing, overwhelming. They range The entire expense was met by $1.00 all the way from books on the nursing registrations in each center and vol- and care of children through books untary offerings. There were approx- about the cooperative farm movement imately four thousand registered, and in Denmark, translations of The at least one hundred thousand were Greatest Thin.g in the World, The Life reached by approximately nine hun- of Booker T. Washington, The Story dred missionary addresses. In addi- of Invention, The Teaching of Primary tion, there were radio addresses in Arithmetic, An Introduction to the larger centers, and talks before col- Bible, Life of Christ for Children, leges and public schools, with thoupackets of colored Bible pictu "es, pro- sands of students.

grams for Easter and Chri-stmas, Pil- Among the speakers were: the Rev.

grim's Progress, village booklets and Robert H. Glover, M.D., F.R.C.S., head all sorts of brief tracts. The most am- of the China Inland Mission; Dr.

bitious request comes from Mexico for Royal J. Dye, of the Christian Board, The Prodigal Son in large cisar type from one thousand miles up the Con- for children, using the pictures of an go, at Bolenge; Rev. Harper Brady, Egyptian edition. They can print ten Presbyterian Board South, and of the thousand of these in a first edition Kingdom of God Movement with Kag- for $1000, also a book of stories from awa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Kim, of the Bible with colored pictu'-es which Korea, and Miss Abellera, of the Phil- will cost $2000. ippine Islands, exemplified in their The prices of these various projects own personalities the power of Christ run all the way down from $2000 to in the Oriental woman; Rev. McCoy $500, $300 and $100, also to leaflets Franklin, of Crossnore School in the that can be printed for $10, $25, or mountains of North Carolina, also $50. brought bird songs which he whistled The Committee plans to have a list to the delight of the young and old; of these special gifts printed for use Helen Barrett Montgomery conducted at the luncheons, where sample copies the study on the women's textbook f()r of the various magazines, books and the coming year, "Christ Comes to the leaflets will be displayed. Village"; Dr. Walter Lingle, Presi- It is hoped that in addition to adopt- dent of Davidson College, North Car- ing these various personal project:;: olina, and Dr. Glover gave the morning many will sign the cards making them- Bible lessons.

selves annual, special, sustaining, or In addition to the hour for the chil- life members of the Committee fer dren in the assembly, Mrs. Henry W.

providing Christian Literature to Peabody conducted a forum in each Women and Children in Mission center, on "The United States Senate: Lands. Diagnosis and Remedy," showing the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

reasons for lack of enforcement. An- ship listen, and begin in every state other interesting forum discussion was and city a new pragram,-not af lis- led by Miss Ann McIlvaine, of New tening, but of witnessing?

York, assisted by Dr. Rosalie Morton and the Rev. Mr. Joroszewicz, of Po- INSTITUTES AT CHAUTAUQUA land and Russia. The World Court Home Missions, August 16-21 received attention, and twenty thousand names were signed to petitions The Home Missions Institute at to be sent to various senators, urging Chautauqua is this year. coming af its adoption. The World Court and age. It shauld be the best so far. Law Enforcement are not only prab- The twenty-first session will be held lems at home, but, with the "shocking from Sunday, August 16th thraugh moving pictures exported from this Friday, August 21st. Arrangements country, make a problem for foreign for the pragram are rapidly nea '"ing mIssIOnaries. Resalutians endo'sing completion.

President Hoover for his layal and The opening address an Sunday firm stand on the Eighteenth Amend- afternoon will be made in the Amphi- ment and its enfarcement were sent theater by Rev. John M. Moore, D.D., from every center. a former General Secretary af the The public press gave first-page Federal Council of Churches and au- news and pictures. Local committees, thor of this year's major home mis- of outstanding representatives of sion textbaok. He will remain through wamen's organizations, made each the week to conduct the 3: 45 forum center a delightful experience. The hour in the Hall of Philosophy. Amonj!

morning prayer hour, with faculty and the well-known speakers who will ap- city committees, added to the power pear at this hour are Rev. Charles of these meetings. Farty-five states Stelzle and Dean Lucy Slowe of Ho- were represented, furnishing a crass- ward University.

sectian of America. Chambers of Com- Mrs. Dan B. Brummitt will again merce and Men's Clubs, with organiza- lead the home missian study hour in tions of women, welcomed the speakers Smith-Wilkes Hall at 8: 45, using Dr.

at their luncheons, and business men Moore's book, "The Challenge of have testi5.ed that this has been ·a Change." The class in juniar meth- great ble·ssing to Florida. The larg- ods, again in charge of Mrs. Ethel est auditoriums have been taxed with Holmes Munsey, will meet the second great audiences of men and women; period in the Hall of Missions.

the outdoor forum in St. Petersburg, The literature display, which last with three or fuur thousand on the year evoked expres·sions af warm ap- park benches, listened eagerly. At preciation, will be assembled by Miss the dramatizatiun in St. Petersburg Sarah E. Bitner.

.of the hearing before the Congres- The hour immediately following sional Judiciary, of the Woman's lunch proved last year to be quite sur- National Committee for Law Enforce- prisingly popular and well attended.

ment, the auditorium was filled to. ca-' It will be devoted this year to in- pacity, and as many turned away. formal discussion of some of the vital Business men declared that this dram- topics of the present day and to ad- atization should be given in every city dresses by missionaries. Special fea- and town for its educational value. tures of the week include daily chape1 When the church begins to witness, talks, denominational rallies, the re- as Christ commanded, instead of sit- ception at the Hotel AthemEum and ting in pews and listening critically other opportunities to meet with the to sermons, we shall see the great re- missionaries visiting on the grounds.

vival, which will be missionary. Other Circulars announcing the Institute states are asking for a chain af as- may be secured from the office of the semblies. Will not our church leader- Council of Women for Home Missions,

105 East 22d Street, New York City. There will be classes in methods and story telling, with exceptional oppor- These may be used in letters or f.or tunities for preparation for the work of the coming year. distribution in churches to stimulate FLORENCE G. TYLER. interest and invite attendance. The CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF most effective publicity, however, con- MISSIONS sists in the personal commendation Afflliated with Federlltion of Woman'. Boards of .Foreign Missions and Council of Women and invitation of those who have at- for Home Missions.

tended the institute in other years All without symbol are afflliated with both Federation and Council. and who realize the exceptional op- 'Baltimore, Maryland-October 13-15. portunity it affords for the training Mrs. Arthur C. Day, 542 Radnor Ave., Govans, Baltimore, Maryland. of leaders in the local church. It can- Bethesda, Ohio-July 13-17. not be too emphatically stated that Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, West Virginia. churches within a reasonable traveling 1 Beaumont, Texas-August 12-20. distance should carry in their budgets Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin, Beaumont, Texas. an item providing for one or more Boulder, Colorado-June 16-24. member·s this week of leadership train- Mrs. J. Roy Smith, 1045 South Uni- versity Blvd., Denver, Colorado. ing. Class work is relieved by ample • Chautauqua, New York (Home)-Aurecreational facilities for swimming, gust 16-21.

boating, fishing, tennis, golf and auto- Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, 234 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, New York. ing. The best artists in the country 1 Chautauqua, New York (Foreign)- appear at the amphitheater concerts August 23-28.

in the evening. Honorary Chairman, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Above all, the atmosphere of Chau- Rochester, New York. Acting Chairman, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, tauqua is av.owedly Christian. The 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N; Y.

fellowship is inspiring, and from a Dallas, Texas- Mrs. George A. Brewer, 4301 Edbrief stay may result lasting friend- mondson, Dallas, Texas.

ships. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD. 'Dallas, Texas (Negro)-September 28- October 2. Foreign Missions, August 23-28 Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., In planning for the Foreign Mis- Dallas, Texas. sions Institute at Chautaqua this coming summer several outstanding speak- De Land, Florida-February 3-6, 1932. ers have already been secured. Dr. Mrs. William J. Harkness, 415 East Oscar Buck of Drew Seminary, Madi- New York Ave., De Land, Florida. son, New Jersey, who is at present taking part in one of the mission sur- Houston, Texas-October 12-16. veys in India will deliver a series of Mrs. W. E. Ferguson, 1519 Hawlectures on India, giving special em- thorne, Houston, Texas. phasis to rural reconstruction and the work of the Rural Reconstruction 1 Kerrville, Texas- Units. Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgom- Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin ery, Honorary Chairman of the Insti- Ave., Beaumont, Texas. tute, will lecture on the- woman's textbook, Christ Comes to the Village, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 29-July by Mary Schauffler Platt, and Mrs. F. 6. I. Johnson, who is at the present time touring the mission stations of the Mrs. J. A. Leas, 3731 Clifton Ave., Orient, will be the presiding officer, Chicago, Ill. and will bring to the institute a varied program with dramatic presentations, and a number of speeches by nationals of different Oriental countries. Missionary women will find it a great advantage to spend the week of August 23d at Chautauqua.

Minnesota (Minneapolis, St. Paul)- Seabeck, Washington-July 20-31. June 1-5. Rev. Fred Grey, Sixth and University Streets, Seattle, Washington, or Miss Mrs. W. C. A. Wallar, 304Q Dupont Faye A. Steinmetz, 310 Y. M. C. A. Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. Building, Portland, Oregon.

Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–Au- Silver Bay, New York–June 26-July 6. gust 1-6. Rev. Walter Getty, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., Oak- land, Maryland.

Mount He1'mon, Cali/ornia–July 4-11. All include home and foreign missions except Mrs. W. E. Crouser, 1128 Lincoln Northfield, Chautauqua and the Florida Schools. Ave., San Jose, California. 1 Affiliated with the Federation only. New Orleans, Louisiana-Some time in • Affiliated with the Council only. Autumn. • Conducted by the Council.

Mrs. L. D. Chaffee, 1920 Audubon RAOIAL MINORITY SOHOLARSHIP St., New Orleans, Louisiana. Mount Holyoke College is offering 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Home–July a Racial Minority Competitive Schol- 6-13. arship of one thousand dollars ($1,- 000) for the year 1931-1932, to a Mrs. Frelon Eugene Bolster, Ham- Negro girl, preferably a student ap- mondsport, New York. plying for admission to the Junior Class. Award will be made on the 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Foreign)- basis of scholarship and personality. July 13-21. . Letter of application should be Mrs. James M. Pratt, 135 East 74th handwritten, and should contain state- St., New York, N. Y. ments in regard to age, educational experience, and special interest. Ap- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma- plications for this scholarship should be made by May 1, 1931 to Miss Har- St. Petersburg, Florida-February 1-6, riet Newhall, Executive Secretary to 1932. the Board of Admission, Mount Holy- oke College, South Hadley, Mass. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d Ave., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Angeles)- September 21-25.

Mrs. W. S. Dysinger, 1419 6th Ave., Los Angeles, California.

1 Warren, Ohio-September 22-23. FOR TRIPPERS Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. Trips around the world are being planned by travel bureaus which have Wilson College, Chanwersburg, Penn- as their special interest Wo"ld Friend- sylvania–June 29-July 7. ship. There are trips to Europe which Miss Martha C. Hartman, 233 S. 44th include the unusual privilege of meet- St., West Philadelphia, Pa. ing church women there who hold important positions of leadership. Winona Lake, Indiana–June 24-July 1. There are trips to the Orient, to Mrs. Frank Jensen, 1114 West 81st Africa, and to South America which St., Chicago, Illinois. include visits to many interesting mis- sion stations and points of interest The Florida Chain of Institutes, be- not seen by the average tourist. If sides St. Petersburg and Deland, includes you would be interested in taking a Miami, Tampa, Orlando and Clearwater. trip and finding out first-hand what Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is chairman; the church is doing in industrial, Miss B. Louise Woodford, state chair- international and interracial improveman. All will probably be held between ment, or in making a trip abroad count January 15th and February 8th. for WorId Friendship and Under- standing, write to the Federation of Missionary Education Movcmcnt Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions for further information on this sub- Asilomar, Cali/ornia–July 6-15. ject. Mrs. Clara L. Walberg, 1501 St. Al- bans Road, San Marino, California.

Blue Ridge, North Carolina–July 29- August 7.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, 933 Wood- ward Building, Washington, D. C.

ORLD.WlDE

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC visitor to Honolulu often must, through the throngs of clean, pretty, Strange Cults ot the South Seas bright-faced oriental children on their way to or from school, any prejudice CURIOUS beliefs and cults still ex- he may have is disarmed. ist in the South Sea Islands. A man who had killed his eighth victim Nevertheless, they have brought by an intricate process of magic was their religions with them. Shintoism discovered by the people in a village is there, and Buddhism. The task of not long ago, says the Southern CT088 the Hawaiian Board of Missions grows Lo.q· of the Melanesian Mission with this influx of non-Christians from (Church of England). The mission- the Orient. aries testify that in some cases lin inexplicable evil power is exerted and Union High School ot Manila the victims die from no observable cause. Before the missionaries came, A YOUNG missionary made the the people would have killed the ma- statement that during his four gician when they discovered him. In years' acquaintance with the Union this case, they bound him and sent High School he had come to believe him aboard a labor recruiting ship that no greater opportunity of helpthat came along, with instructions ing students to form Christian charnever to let him return to that island. acter and right attitudes toward life presented itself than is to be found in Dr. C. E. Fox, principal of a Melane- the life of the Union High School. sian Mis,sion school at Ugi, has found survivals of an ancient cult of shark Union High School was started in worship on some of these islands. 1919 in connection with the Union Among other customs, the people bury Theological Seminary-a natural detheir dead in the sea, weighting the velopment resulting from the demand feet with stones. The sharks are be- for higher education in every profeslieved not to touch them. sion. There has been a steady growth from fifty students in the first year The fear of vengeful ghosts, evil to over 450 at present. To meet the spirits, and other powers of evil, is a demands of splendid young men and very active influence among these peo- women who are working during the ple who await the power of Christ to daytime, a night school was opened set them free. in 1923 and has at present 150 stu- dents. The Melanesian Mission has a printing press, operated by an Englishman The school seeks to produce men with native helpers. In the course of and women of character, and to this a year they turn out hundreds of little end it has introduced course,s in the Prayer Books, hymn books, and other Bible into the regular curriculum. In religious material, in three or four addition there is a chapel service three tribal languages. times a week.

The Lovely Hawaiian Islands As its name implies, the Union High School is a union enterprise having H AWAII teems with the life of all as its cooperating missions the Pres- . the races except the African. No- byterians, the United Brethren, and where else is there so little of race the Disciples. The student body is prejudice. When one wades, as the very cosmopolitan. Statistics of a 382 year ago reveal that there were in at- for the summary volume of the 1926 tendance 172 Catholics, 92 Presby- Census of Religious Bodies, shows terians, 38 Methodists, 23 Christians that at least 62 of every hundred adult or Disciples, 14 Aglipayans, with a church members belong to a Protes- sprinkling of adherents from other tant church, while 30 are Roman Cath- Protestant churches, while 60 reported olics, and six are Jews. Women pre- no affiliations at all. The school is dominate in church membership; 48 very cosmopolitan in another way for per cent of the males of the country its students are drawn from nearly over 13 years of age, and 63 per cent all the provinces of the Philippines.- of the females being members.

Donald Dean Parker, in The Philip- There is no state in which either pine Presbyterian. Jews or Roman Catholics constitute a Changing Formosa majority, but there are nine southern states in which the Protestants make ABOUT ~ixty years ago Formosa's up more than half the population. In fi 'st four converts were baptized Utah more than 82 per cent of the and one of the four, Ko Tiong, be- people are members of the Mormon came a pioneer preacher. He married Church. a Christian aboriginal; two sons became Christian doctors, one a devoted Sunday-school enrollments have not minister. A nephew, born in China, been increasing as much as formerly. In 1906 the pupils in Sunday-schools and bearing' an appropriate name, were equivalent to 40 per cent of the Kimseng-meaning "Golden Voice," youth population under 19 years of is now a brilliant church leader. He, age. By 1916 this per cent had too, married a Christian aboriginal. reached 48, but is now 44 per cent.

Of their sons one has recently com- The Roman Catholic Church has de- pleted his medical· studies in Japan, clined in the number of Sunday-school and has settled in Tainan City, For- scholars, but there has been a large mosa. increase in enrollment in parochial The church in Formosa is still schools.

small, but its growth is marvelous. Within recent years there has been Twenty years ago all the men of influ- a tendency for Protestant bodies to ence and wealth were heathen. Today combine. Between 1916 and 1926 no the leading men, the men of letters fewer than 18 denominatIons were in- and of means, are Christians.-Pres- volved in mergers.

byterian Messenger. The Church and the Liquor TraJlic NORTH AMERICA rJ'HE Presbyterian Church has gone Facts About American Churches 1. officially on record with a declara- OUT of every hundred persons over tion that the saloon must never come 13 years of age, in the United back; that the United States Govern- States (according to the Census Bu- ment must not go into the liquor busi- reau), there are today 55 church ness; that the liquor traffic has al- members, (of all sects-Christian and ways been lawless and corrupt; that non-Christian) as there were ten and the liquor situation before prohibition twenty years ago. Only 52 per cent was intolerable; that the prohibition of the rural population belongs to law still has the support of the ma- church as compared with 58 per cent jority of the voters of the United of those in cities. Forty per cent of States; that the church supports the the Protestant ministe"s are not Eighteenth Amendment in the interest graduates of either college or sem- of childhood and youth; that there are inary-most of them in the south and no youth anti-prohibition movements; west. that prohibition has aided the cause Dr. C. Luther Fry, who prepared of social well being; that prohibition the official analysis of church figures has not been the chief cause of law-

lessness; that the law is not religious times that for benevolences. The per but economic; that, all law restricts capita for benevolences had decreased and limits personal liberty; that it during those seven years by thirty- is difficult in the light of the cross to six per cent, and the per capita for talk about personal liberty; that the current expenses had increased by church cannot see at present any sub- thirty per cent. Many objects classed stitute for prohibition which will as benevolences are not missionary so- make for a better solution of a traf- cieties, but "service agencies," phil- fic that has always refused to obey anthropies and cultural or educational any law that has sought to put it un- agencies. How much of our giving der social control; that government to the church is really for others, and control as in Canada is not a success how much for ourselves?

and is not acceptable to the people of the United States, who do not look Tuskegee Jubilee T with favor upon government control HE fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Tuskegee Normal and f.or even legitimate business; that a return to state control would be but Industrial Institutes by Booker T.

a return to the old lawless conditions Washington was observed in Tuskegee which made the Eighteenth Amend- April 10th to 15th. Dr. M. Ashly ment inevitable; that the church is Jones, whose father was chaplain to willing to listen to proposals for a General R{)bert E. Lee, spoke to a large better substitute for prohibition, but audience, comprising both Negroes that so long as no adequate substitute and whites, his text being "The Car- is available the church must set itself penter's Son." Dr. R. R. Moton, is as a flint against any weakening of principal of the institute.

the present law. The Rev. Ben Brave, a South Da- The declaration was adopted unan- kota Indian, who was president at imously by the Administration Com- Hampton of the Wigwam of which mittee of the Presbyterian Board of Booker T. Washington was house fa- Christian Education in executive ses- ther, put a wreath on Dr. Washing- sion in Philadelphia. ton's Tomb.

Self-Support and Giving to Others Other addresses were given by Bish- op R. E. Jones of the Methodist T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Church of New Orleans; Mrs. Vir- gious Research has issued a report ginia Adams Driver, the first graduon "Trends in Protestant: Giving," ate of Tuskegee and Thomas Elsa from carefully collected statistics. In Jones, president of Fisk University. 1913 and 1914 the gifts for local ex- penses in the churches of eleven de- Berea College T nominations were about three and HIS unique institution, with over 2,500 students, stands at the gatethree quarters times the gifts for benevolences. During the war period way of the Appalachian Mountains the amount for benevolences increased, where live 3,000,000 hardy descend- so that gifts for local expenses were ents of pioneer Scotch-Americans.

less than twice those for benevolences. The campus, farm and forest land Since 1920 the ratio has tended stead- comprise 5,600 acres and the college ily back to that of 1913-14. The includes 82 departments with over 200 "benevolence,s" include many gifts for workers. Free tuition is given to the educational and other philanthropic impoverished but earnest students, all objects which do not depend on the of whom contribute to their support missionary boards of the churches. In by working at least ten hours a week.

1920 per capita for current expenses Furnished rooms, with light and heat was two and a half times that for cost 65 cents a week per student and benevolences. In 1927 the amount for food at the rate of 11 cents a meal-a current expenses had risen to five total of $150 a year per student. Berea

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

gives a Christian, but nonsectarian 1914, in accordance with the plan to training, with daily chapel and Bible form one Union Seminary. The numstudy. The president, Dr. Wm. J. ber opposed to the plan increased un- Hutchins, is just returning from In- til in July, 1930, the General Synod dia, whither he went with a commit- of Mexico, ordered the reopening of tee to investigate the missionary the Presbyterian Seminary on Febeducational work. ruary 4, 1931, in order that the synod might have full control over the The Oriental Probleln training of its 'candidates for the min- it;ltry. Since the reopening, presby- ORIENT ALS are our greatest racial teries have placed it on their budgets. problem on the Pacific seaboard. -Christian Observer. There are about 35,000 Japanese in the City of Los Angeles alone, and Earthquake in Nicaragua 50,000 in Southern California. Chinese are decreasing, there being only I N SIX seconds on March 31st a about 3,000 in Los Angeles. Filipinos, violent earthquake .destroyed Manon the other hand, have increased from agua, the capital of Nicaragua. Over 116 in the state in 1910 to about 70,- 1,000 were reported kijIed and thou- 000 in 1930, and about 7,000 of them sands more were injured; the proplive in Los Angeles. With all of these erty damage is estimated at thirty races the disproportion of sexes cre- million dollars. Fire followed the ates a grave social problem. Especially quake and the city was cut off from is this true of the Filipinos, there be- the outside world except for radio ing less than five per cent women messages. The American Government among the 70,000. They live mostly directed that immediate help be given in labor camps and work long hours the sufferers by the army and nav~ for small pay. This is the chief cause and the Red Cross. Only a small group> for the hatred which has precipitated of missionaries were stationed at Manseveral race riots in the past year or agua, members of the American Baptwo. Very little church or social serv- tist Home Mission Society and the ice work is yet being done among Central American Mission; the neighthem. boring town of Masaya was also oc- cupied by these missions. On the other hand, there is a great deal of church and social service work New Evangelical Churches among the Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese are rapidly decreasing owing DR. S. G. INMAN, Executive Secreto the rigid immigration laws, and tary of the Committee on Coopthere is really no Chinese problem. eration in Latin America, summarizes The Japanese are increasing and also events of the past year: becoming more and more Americanized. The second generation of The year stands out as marking the- "Americans of Japanese ancestry" is organization of additional independent coming to the fore, and they are de- evangelical churches in Mexico and sirous of living up to their birthright. Brazil. The union of the Congregational, They are the chief problem in this Christian and United Brethren Churches race.-The Churchman. in Puerto Rico, and the meeting in Puerto Rico of the officers of the com- LATIN AMERICA mission to organize the Latin American Federation of Evangelical Churches are Selninary ReopeD.8 in Mexico other marks of progress.

THE reopening of the Presbyterian Last July, representatives of the Theological Seminary in Mexico on Northern and Southern Methodist February 4, 1931, was significant for Churches, both in Mexico and the United the evangelical movement in Mexico. States, approved the basis for a united The institution had been closed since Methodist Church of Mexico. The first General Conference was held in Mexico 5 City in September, resulting in the elec- tion of Rev. Juan Pascoe as bishop. With

the approval of the Annual Conference two languages. In 1912, there were ()f the Southern Methodist Church at 9,415 corps, or evangelistic posts: now Dallas, last May, a delegation from the there are 15,113. As against 15,988 United States went to Brazil and helped commissioned officers in 1912, there 'organize the Methodist Church of Brazil. are now 25,658. The Army has 1,568 The Brazilians elected as their first social institutions and agencies. In Bishop Rev. J. W. Tarboux, a former its shelters and food depots 24,545,847 missionary, and adopted the Social Creed free or cheap meals were supplied dur- Qf the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America as their own.

ing the year, and 11,516,319 beds pro- Agitation in Brazil vided. In its men's industrial institu- SINCE the Provisional Government tions, houses and workshops, 214,074 of Brazil announced its intention men were found work, permanently of rewriting the Constitution, church or temporarily. At its labor bureau authorities have been campaigning in there were 407,506 applicants and favor of what they term a minimum situations were found for 238,234. In- program of Ciltholic action. This to its women's industrial homes last program demands that the new Con- year 6,416 girls and women were stitution bear the statement that it is received and 5,951 were passed out '!Written in the name of God, that it satisfactorily. At its ninety-two ma- ,declare the Catholic Church the State ternity homes 23,817 women were re- <Church of Brazil, that it make a re- ceived.-The Christian.

ligious marriage ceremony compul- sory, and that the Catholic faith be Religious Liberty in Italy T taught in the State schools. Catholic HE Roman Catholic Church au- thorities in Rome are doing all in clergy are conducting a vigorous campaign from the pulpit while Catholic their power to restrict Protestants laymen are just as busy through news- from enjoying liberty in religious papers and committees. Counter ac- work. The Vatican organ, Osservutore tivities are at work on the part of Romano, keeps up a demand for the nonCatholics. The strife reached a curbing of "Protestant propaganda," climax at a nonCatholic meeting of and the pope gives support to this deprotest in Pernambucco. A crowd of mand. They claim that the Roman Catholic sympathizers caused a riot Catholic Church is maligned and its when they succeeded in preventing the dogmas are misrepresented and they first speaker from addressing the large demand the right to censor the propacrowd of nonCathoIics. The police g and a. The Italian government, had to use force to restore order, and though friendly to the Roman Catholic the feeling is bitter on both sides.- Church and willing to treat it as the United Presbyterian. established church of the State, has EUROPE been insistent upon these principles; freedom of religious belief; freedom Sa.lvation ArD1Y Progress of religious worship; freedom of reli- T HE SalvaUon Army Yearbook far gious propaganda, and equality of civil 1931 is a record of vast operations, rights without regard to religious evangelistic and social, at home and connection.

abroad.

A statistical table is impressive as a Students a.nd the Christian Faith W record of advance since the death of HEN Dr. John R. Mott conducted a series of meetings for students the founder, William Booth. In that .;vear (1912) the Army was established of Oxford in 1905, the results were in fifty-two c{JUntries and colonies. At considered remarkable. From 300 to the opening of 1931, the Army's flag is 800 undergraduates attended. Re- :flying in eighty-two countries, and its cently, when the modern students are message being proclaimed in seventy- said to have no use for religion, 1,000

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and sometimes 2,000 members of the cently fifteen evangelical kindergaruniversity were present day after day tens in Breslau lost the government for eight days listening to the preach- subsidy. An institution for dumb and ing of Christ and learning the way of blind children which has existed for a prayer in meetings conducted by the hundred years was -sold out and the Archbishop of York. children turned over to a state in- stitution. The Blue Cross Society is "The change in the last few years," a useful organization for the rescue the Student Movement declares, "is of drunkards. The Govetnment is remarkable. Men are ready to listen seeking to make its existence imposand many more than some think are sible by regUlations concerning regisready to pray." tration and membership insurance. In Zurich, morning and evening From other companies of young prayers and grace at table have been people a marked response has also interdicted in the city asylum, much been made to the appeal of Christ. to the grief of the aged inmates. The There is a seething in the heart of Central School Commission of Zurich youth today, but there is a readine-ss has cut off from the free evangelical to try experiments. No real picture of school the privilege of free dental youth is presented which leaves out treatment for school children, and has the companies who have entered upon withdrawn the reduction of carfares the way of faith. formerly allowed.-The Sunday-School Times. Christian Progress in Belgium Protest Against Soviet Persecution AMONG Belgium's eight million people, only 50,000 are Protes- T HE Christian Protest Movement tant. Besides the state-supported against Soviet Persecution of Re- Union of Evangelical Churches and ligion, established in Great Britain, the Free Christian Missionary church, has held 270 meetings during the past there are several smaller groups, but year, with the support of all religious Belgium is a Romanist stronghold, organizations. There is now evidence though many are indifferent and many that the protest has reached Russia, merely formal. One secret of Catho- and has brought about some slight lic power in Belgium is its thorough modification. This has changed the organization of education from school policy of the Movement from one of age onwards, and the Protestant' demand to an appeal to the Russian churches cannot compete in this field Government to abandon religious perwith their weak schools and lack of secution.-The Christian. resources. Neverthele-ss, good work is done by colporteurs and the print- Atheism and Christianity in Russia ing press, and the work advances, however slowly. There is no question I N RUSSIA the war between atheof mas-s conversions. New converts ism and Christianity is on, and in are gained one by one, but the labor spite of the great power the atheists is not in vain.-Pastor Buse. exercise, the current is not wholly their way. In Dein Reich Komme we Socialists in Germany are given a remarkable account of the manner in which the Evangelicals and CHRISTIAN institutions in Ger- Baptists are progressing. In the many have been attacked by the Ukraine, according to Pravda, "the Socialists quietly but persistently. sects are no longer sects but great Catholic institutions are spared be- churches or even parties." In the cause of the political alliance between governments of Po!towa, Kherson, and Center and Socialist parties. It is Tver there are whole counties which, proposed to supplant the Protestant according to the Communist papers, nursing sisters and deaconesses with secular nurses and attendants. Re-

are drenched with this Christian and singing them well; black health propaganda. In the Soviet factories workers who, unsupervised, can and do the .sectarians win victory after vic- produce admirable malaria surveys and tory. Thus in the textile factory maps …. In Zanzibar I saw a native Chalturin there are two thousand medical orderly demonstrating hookworkmen who belong to the evangel- worms and hookworm eggs to the chilical societies against less than five dren in a little out-school; and their hundred Communists. The school answers to his questions showed that youth who come under the influence the village schoolmaster had already of the sectarians offer obstinate re- made the hookworm story quite clear to sistance to the Communist pioneers their minds." and draw to their ranks leading members of the Communist young people -The Congregationalist. organizations. The religious situation in Russia is no doubt dark enough, but Welcomed by Tribal Ohiefs the darkness seems to be that which precedes dawn. THE following letter bears the sig- nature of forty chiefs and tribal The Evangelicals of Russia are, ac- rulers of Menderland, Sierra Leone, and was addres·sed to the newly arcording to the American secretary of rived workers at the "Ward United Methodist church" at Bandajuma, esthe All-Russian Evangelical Christian tablished last year: Union, very 'active in improving the general life of Russia. We, the paramount Chief and Tribal Rulers, of Sowa Chiefdom, do hereby AFRIOA meet to welcome you, and we regard this first visit to our Chiefdom as a genuine Oan Blacks be Educated1 red-letter day.

JULIAN HUXLEY, in a recent num- Weare highly proud of the love and ber of the Atla,nticMonthly, dis- respect that you good people are showing cusse.s the possibilities: of "African to us since you started this Mission on Education." The educability of the the 13th of April, 1928. Other missions African and his capacity for intel- have come and failed, and for many lectual and creative work depends years we have been left alone, before it upon the proper opportunity and stim- pleased God to put it into the hearts of ulous. Biology has relatively little to good people in England to send our do with it. Huxley agrees with schol- friend, Rev. A. C. Lamb, to come and ars like Franz Boas, who are con- open the Mission here again. Everyone vinced that variations of mental of us here feels very glad to have the capacity within a race are much Mission here, to teach us and our chilgreater than between races, and that dren. .Although we are Mohammedans, racial capacities overlap very consider- yet we feel that there is one God ·who is ably. It is impossible to say that the both for white and black. capacity of one race is definitely higher than another. Mr. Huxley We wrote some time ago about having says: a white man here and also a hospital, but we have not heard anything from "I have seen dressers in charge of dis- our friend as regards what the good pensaries, clerks keeping the records of people in England will do for us…. We native courts, girls running maternity hope to hear good news. and infant-welfare stations with white inspection only once a month, men in We are ready to help the Mission on charge of a power station on a big whatever we are asked to do. It is our estate, schoolmasters who taught well wish and prayer that God may guide and had their heart in their job, fore- you both in your ruling, and that you men who could be trusted in sole control may prove a blessing to all the other of building operations-all blacks . . . . churches and schools in Sierra Leone Black students who were dissecting a and to the public in general.-Missioncadaver with commendable thorough- wry Echo. ness; a black choir singing Bach motetS', Testing Time. in Bafla SEVERAL fa c tor s are causing troublous times in the Cameroun. A letter from C. E. Whittier, of the Presbyterian Mission in Bafia, gives as one factor the new laws regarding the age of boys and girls allowed in

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 3B9

school, the maximum age being twelve Church Growth in Nigeria to fourteen years. This has meant putting out 125 of the two hundred TWENTY-ONE years ago the Church boys of the French school, and several Missionary Society began missiongirls of marriageable age will not be ary work in the Isoko dIstrict of Niallowed to return. geria, West Africa. The results have been wonderful, the numblJr of Chris- Boys and girls put out of school tian adherents now numbering more can return to their parents, but wilf than 8,000 in the 120 towns having a not want to. Why? If they start a Christian church. It is estimated that cocoa garden or gather palm nuts, as sixty per cent of the Christians are soon as the garden has food ready women, though no organized women's to harvest the chief will send his work was attempted until a year ago police to get it, to supply the amount when two women missionaries were the government asks of him. The assigned to the village of Bethel. The chief may be paid for it, but the boy missionaries are hoping to establish will receive nothing. His labor is welfare centres and small maternity useless. Who can even counsel him homes in six towns in the district, to be industrious, when along every each centre to have a trained woman line of industry his labors will only midwife in charge.-The Christian. enrich his chief, not himself? Thanks From Abyssinia As for the girls, a real trial of faith is experienced when the native Mo- T HE Emperor of Abyssinia issued hammedan chief takes them by force a statement thanking all the Govinto his harem to be his wives. ernments of the world for the interest they have manifested in connection Notable Improvement with the event of his coronation, and for the practical aid given by Euro- MANY changes may be noted as pean and American people toward evidence of improved ·social con- realizing his hope of spreading civiliditions in West Africa. Cannibalism zation in his realm. He also said: is nearly extinct. Slavery is waning. Fetishism is greatly decreased. Most "In this hour in which my heart is of the harmful secret ·societies are lifted up to God, I must offer my heartpractically dead. Tribal wars may be felt thanks for all the good that Amerisaid to be at an end. Murder is very can missions have done for us. They rare, as compared with its frequency have helped to spread the Word of God in the United States. Polygamy is and Christian teaching in all parts of the very greatly decreased. The language country, and we especially thank the has been reduced to writing and the doctors, not only for their great services New Testament, portions of the Old to the members of the Emperor's family, Testament and' many textbooks have but because they have given the blessings been printed. The majority of the of health and strength to thousands of young men and boys, and some thou- my poor people." sands of women and girls can read and write. Young women have more Abyssinia is four times the size of freedom as to school and marriage, Great Britain. At present only seven and some are taking nurses' training of its forty-three provinces are occucourses; some become teachers, and pied by missionaries. Eight societies others dre·ssmakers. Time was when with 71 workers occupy ten stations. all day·s were alike. The introduction There are 72 native workers. The of the Sabbath was a novelty to these Province of Shoa with its capital of people, and has proven a great bless- Addis Ababa is fairly well occupied, ing. Last year's statistics showed having 36 missionaries, or about half that the attendance at Sunday-school the entire mission force. The rest of averaged 94,000. the country is practically untouched. A recent article in World Dominion speaks of the present emperor as a progressive whose desire is to awaken

the soul of the old Church of his coun- Ferment in Persto.

try for the uplift of the nation. It DR. E. M. DODD, writing from is estimated that a quarter of the Persia, says: "Sixteen years ago, adult population of the empire are while here, I heard the remark, 'Persia priests, deacons, or monks in the is a corpse with no one to bury her.' old Aby-ssinia Church. The Church Since then the national attitude has possesses one-third of the land. changed. There is a feeling that all -Woman's Missionary Magazine. things are possible." The country is WESTERN ASIA gradually being emancipated; is A Christian Monthly in Turkey awake to the fact that it is in the march of progress, even though hun- ONE of the daily Turkish papers dreds of miles behind. Education is Son Posta, representing the new making long strides, the most signifpolitical party, criticised the support icant fact being that the new program given by the Government to the maga- includes girls. Many new schools zine Muhit. We translate this as in- have been opened.

dicating the appreciation of the maga- "Hospitals and public health activ- zine ,on the part of the Ministry of ities are moving with only slightly less Education. momentum. Doctors must now be li- "In Istanbul, a monthly magazine censed for the fir.st time. A few cities under the title of Muhit is issued by have municipal hospitals, while in the Bible House, namely the Gospel Teheran, a small medical fraternity Home, whose purpose is to extend meets periodically. In Meshed there Christianity. This Christian Institu- is something similar.

tion prints the Gospel, circulates it, "After all is said, the picture ha's and makes propaganda of Christianity shadows, as well as high-lights. Many all over the country. It has some cross currents are at work; national- schools also in Istanbul and some other ism at times runs riot, and economic cities, where Christianity is taught. conditions are bad. With the Mullahs The Bible House has taken steps to losing their hold, irreligioOn is on the extend its activities, and has begun increase."

to publish missionary books. At the head of this magazine Muhit, is the INDIA, BURMA, SIAM director of the Literature Department Self-Gove1'1lment and Communalism of the Bible House. THE Methodist Episcopal Central "Very well! A missionary organiza- Conference in India, at its recent meeting, declared in favor of Domin. tion has been publishing a magazine. ion Status for India, and pledged help We shall not read it. That finishes in making this status a .success. The the matter! But the matter is not greatest obstacle they declared to be finished in that way. Since the change "communalism"-or the policy of sepin our script, many Turkish magazines arating Indians into distinct classes have been obliged to close, and none dependent on religion, race Ill' social of them has received a grant from the class. It was resolved "that we Department of Education. The Min- (Christians) have no intention of istry of Education has discovered only creating a separate political entity, this magazine to support, and has called the Christian Community . . . decided to buy 2,000 copies every We have no desire to build up around month. Surely it is not reasonable that the Ministry of Education should the Christian Church a separate social use its appropriation for the purpose and political entity … We desire of the extension of the new script to passionately a united India . . . If support a missionary institution; but those who desired to give their spirit- this is a fact, and a most grievous fact ual allegiance to Christ had been al- too!" lowed to stay in their homes and be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

frank, open baptized Christians then been putting emphasis upon evangelthis communalism would not have been ism, but there is a call for more earbuilt up. Even now if those who de- nest and more united efforts. sire to follow Christ should be allowed to stay in their homes without In several of the Provinces a special social or political penalty then we are week of evangelism was set for March willing to see the Christian commu- 8th to 15th. In the United Provinces nity as a political entity fade out, a number of objectives have been set leaving the Christian Church as a for a month of evangelistic effort. moral and spiritual organization con- Here are the objectives: tributing its power to the uplift and regeneration of this land." 1. Every Christian taking part by definite prayer and definite witness- Thirty Million More in India ing; with the aim to sell at least ten Gospel portions-a hundred if pos- I NDIA'S population has increased sible. 30,000,000 during the last decade, according to the estimate in the pre- 2. Special visits in zenanas by liminary census returns. The census Christian women. of 1921 put the figure at 318,000,000, but figures now available show that 3. Public preaching, singing and during the last ten years there has Gospel selling in bazaars by bands of been an increase in population exceed- laymen and ministers. ing all estimates. 4. A rousing Christian procession Freedom from pestilence and fam- at some time during the week. ine, sanitation, medical facilities and more enlightened living generally have These objectives, if carried out, contributed to the increase which ap- wherever possible, will show the pears certain throughout India. earnestness M Christiims to win others to Christ. Burma's population has risen probably 12 per cent. Bikanir State takes Kalighat Ashram the lead, however, with an increase of 41.7 per cent, largely due to the com- BROTHER CHAKRAVARTY, a pletion of a large irrigation project converted Bengali of Calcutta, and the consequent immigration. makes daily visits to the Kalighat temple, where he talks with pilgrims Population increased 35 per cent in and priests. Having retained his the Ahmednagar district and 32 per Bengali name and dre'ss he can move cent in the adjoining Poona district above in such places without attractperhaps because 'Of similar new irri- ing much special attention…. gation works. But there was no decrease elsewhere, showing such gen- This is a purely Indian method and eral pressure of population that the Indians are doing the work. There is people immediately flow into the areas no preaching, no magic lantern lecproviding support far fresh inhabit- ture, no Gospel singing band. The ants. Guru sits in contemplation and the enquirers gather about him. Then he A Month of Evangelism reads a verse from the Word of God, followed by a verse, perhaps, from the I N CHINA, Japan, Korea and else- Bhagavadgita. Then he shows the where, Christian churches are more effective drawing power of the carrying forward definite united evan- Bible to bring men to God. Perhaps gelistic programs. In India such a one from the audience puts a question united plan has not yet been made, and either the Guru, or some member but the National Christian Council has of the audience answers it. The been asked to consider calling the "audience" may consist of two besides Churches of India to unite in such an our missionary or there may be as effort. The Churches of India have many as fifteen in the little room.

Pray that our missionary and his wife may be given strength of body, of mind, and of heart, that they may

be divinely guided in all that they at- finally reach the millions beyond.

tempt for the Kingdom.-V. M. [lahi- Each Church will be free to follow baksh. whatever methods it chooses. 2. The. n.t0vement ai~~ at emphasizing Methodists and the Madura Incident C~rIshan responsIbIlity for positive wltness and sharing with others our T HE recent central conference of experience in Christ. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Asia, at its quadrennial ses- 3. The movement must seek to touch all sion in Cawnpore, India, put that denomination clearly on record as re- !aces, ,,:or)dng in all areas, employ- Ing varIetIes of method, and aiming at establishing the Kingdom of God in all relationships of life. The move- jecting the interpretation of mission- n.tent should be a searching examinaary "neutrality" which the British tIon of our social and industrial conauthorities set up in the case of the d}tions, t? see how far they are con- American Board Mission in Madura. SIstent WIth Christian principles. While recognizing that American missionarie-s "can take no part in political A definite objective may -spur the movements as such," the Methodists Church on to greater efforts of sacriwent on record as holding that "the fice and service. The Council suggests church cannot give itself over to or that "we aim at doubling the number ally itself with any government or of Christians within five years." Such political party or group." It was this a venture calls for great faith, but which the now famous letter of Magis- "All things are po-ssible to him that trate Hall told the American Board believeth." missionaries at Madura the British Government expected of them. The The Evangelistic Committee is Methodists upheld the rights of Chris- praying and working, surveying the tian Indians, Anglo-Indians and field, examining social and industrial Britons to engage in politics as their conditions, planning the pUblication consciences dictate. of direct evangelistic literature in va- rious languages, working out bold and daring methods, with a view to in- auguratng the movement at the annual A BurlUa for Ohrist Movement* meeting of the Council in July. "For T HE Burma Christian Council calls the next six months, the need is to the Church of Christ in Burma to catch the vision of God's purpose, to a movement to make Burma Christian. sanctify ourselves to be the agents of It calls for a fresh outlook and motive, that purpose, and by believing prayer, which begun in penitence and prayer, create an atmosphere in which a great continued in faith, joy and persever- forward movement may be born and ence, -shall regenerate in the Church set going with such momentum that of Burma that spirit which thrills no power can stop the coming of the through the pages of the Acts. The Kingdom of God in Burma."

call is primarily to prayer and peni- The Day of Opportunity in Burma tence, through Communion with God, to realize the greatness of His love, THIS is a day of great opportunity and the magnificence of His purpose. to lead the Burmese to know Christ. "This realization should express itself Returning through Mandalay from in a deepening spiritual life, a grow- the Aungpinle Association at Sagaing ing Christlikeness, a radiant joy, and a the Wesleyan preachers said: "Manpassion for bringing others to Christ." dalay is not like what it was before. They used to hate the Christians; There are three general principles, now they go out of their way to make on which, the movement ought to be friends with us. They may not acbased: cept our religion, but they want to know us." At Sagaing a group of 1. The "Burma for Christ" movement about fifty Buddhist elders came out should extend to every Christian, and in response to an invitation.

'" Condensed from The News" Rangoon, Burma, February, 1931.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

From Bassein, Henzada, Pegu and greater success than that reported in Moulmein come similar reports. The the press has been attained by the Buddhist people have listened with a Nanking Government in the struggle new eagerness and confessed their with rebellious hordes of Communists hunger for someone to trust. Burma and bandits. Some relief from finan- is weary of the doctrine of hate which cial calamity has also been secured has been so industriously preached through increased import duties.

from all sides during the past number The Manchurian leader, Chang of years and wants a gospel of love. Hsueh Liang, has not lost his hold on The economic distress resulting from the Northeastern provinces while low prices, the political risings and maintaining peace in Hopei, Shansi rumors of risings, robberies, murders, and the Northwest and gradually dis- ,sects and parties hating each other in banding the excessive armies in those the villages, have all made the Bur- provinces. Shantung has been more mans look with fear and distrust on peaceful than for several years.

one another, till they do not know As the result of reading the Bible where to turn. After nights of anx- and observance of the fruits of Chrisiety when they meet Christians in the tianity in his home, his social and povillages or bazaars, their faces bright- litical circle and in other relations the en with gladness because they know President, Chiang Kai Shek, has pro- Christians can be trusted and are claimed his C'onviction that for himbearers of love and help. In a world self and for his country, the Saviour of enemies, here are friends. Shout it out to the Christians all over Bur- and the hope is Jesus Christ. After confessing his faith and receiving ma. This is the day of opportunity baptism, he went back to his place of to show Christians love Buddhists.- peril and responsibility in the councils B. C. Case, in The News. of State to make clear, by deeds more News from Siam than by words, his belief that only the AN OUTSTANDING event of the truth can make China free and strong 1'l. year in Siam was the eighth meet- and "equal."-Courtney H. Fenn.

ing of the Far Eastern Association of Strong Leadership Needed Tropical Medicine, continuing for one week in Bangkok. One hundred and T HE Rev: George T. Scott, one of sixty delegates from abroad were pres- the Secretaries of the Presbyterian ent. Board, writes from Shantung: About two years ago the Interna- "In the eleven years since my pre- tional Missionary Council was asked vious visit to China, the most obvious to send a competent man to Siam for outward changes are (1) improved rural economic survey, in the hope roads and motor cars; (2) the well- that a scientific study of the rural informed and disciplined Chinese solpopulation and their problems would diers and police everywhere, in the assist the missions to make wiser and cities and towns, on the railways, drill- more far-reaching, plans. The Siamese ing on parade grounds and over rough Government is facing serious eco- terrain; (3) the many men of all ages nomic problems in connection with the in western dress, and practicaliy all rural situation, and is therefore eager girls and young women "bobbed," with a new independence of life and manto cooperate.-Station Letter. ners; (4) the shops filled with goods CHINA imported from America and Europe; Progress in China (5) and everywhere, at station plat- MORE progress has been made in forms and docks, on buildings and China in the last six months than fences and walls are pasted or painted in any previous similar period since large and small posters and signs to the revolution of 1911-12. Much inspire and to teach patriotism, na-

tionalism, anti-imperialism, popular nese Mission to Lepers decided to and party government. undertake. Shanghai is cursed with some 300 lepers most of whom are "In the present period of readjust- found in Chapei. These affiicted are ment among the most difficult has to not seen in the daytime, but appear do with Christian schools and colleges. on the streets at night. Some live Government regulations are unduly with normal persons, apparently unarestrictive, with a special bent against ware of the danger which lurks in religious worship and instruction. In them, while others even peddle food middle schools and higher institutions without the least interference by the voluntary religious exercises are per- police. There is no ruling that lepers mitted, but not in schools of lower cannot walk in public or engage in grade. The entire Christian move- petty trade, and consequently the most ment, missionary and national, con- dreaded disease of mankind is suffered tinually protests against these in- to victimize the innocent. The Chinese fringements of the liberty of private Mission has at its disposal funds for institutions. During this disturbed the erection and equipping of a home transition period, schools are being for these leper,s in the vicinity of continued and Christianity is being Shanghai. Unfortunately a site which conveyed to the students in many it obtained in Kiangwan was not apways, even where direct precept in the proved of by the Chinese municipal classroom is forbidden; often reli- authorities, neither was a second site gious worship and classes are held in in the Western District. a building adjoining the campus. At present, Christian schools are over- The work of the mission is undercrowded, largely because so many gov- taken by Chinese and foreign physiernment institutions are closed for cians free of charge. These volunteers lack of funds." have their regular duties, and as a consequence, cannot afford to go out Missionaries Murdered of the civic centers to render service to the lepers. It would hardly be fair THE murder of two American wom- to add physical hardship to their vol- en missionaries in the southern untary service which in most counprovince of Yunnan was reported in tries is provided by the government dispatches from there, March 18th. itself. The present deadlock between They were Mrs. Vera M. White and the mission and the Chinese authori- Mr·s. Victoria M. Miller, Seventh Day ties leaves the public only one choice: Adventists. to let the lepers run loose in its midst, or to house them under one roof rea- The crime is believed to have been sonably secluded from the congested committed by or upon the instigation sections.-The China Critic. of revengeful servants who were lately discharged under suspicion of being Standing Firm in Changsha. thieves. ~~NEVER was Christianity less like- The husbands of the women were ly to be stamped out in Changon their way from TaHfu to Yunnanfu, a 150-mile journey, and had been tele- sha," writes Rev. W. H. Clark of the graphed to hasten their return. Mrs. Hun a n Presbyterian Mis s ion. White's two children, Ardyth Marie "Though more than half the congreand Lorena Jean were uninjured and gation have been forced by imminent are being cared for by V. D. Parker, danger of a second communist occuof the Young Men's Christian Associ- pation to leave the city, the fire of ation.-Herald-Tribune. faith burns even the brighter in those who are here. In the humble little A Home for Lepers chapel of the primary school, 110 met for worship on Sunday. While the THE difficulty in selecting a site for hordes of Reds under Peng, Chu and a home for lepers has been retarding humanitarian work which the Chi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mao were hammering at our defense A. student secretary, and Dr. T. Z.

lines not over a mile and a half away, Koo, national student secretary of the and while the hills were ringing to Y. M. C. A.-Christian Advocate.

the sound of rifle and machine gun fire, even there a dozen Christians Finnish Missions in China dared to come to my looted home and T HE Finnish Missions in China are spend an hour in prayer. One Yale passing through great difficulties. boy, just two days before the fiercest In 1927 the greater number of their attacks, said: 'I am not afraid, I am missionaries were compelled to leave in the will of God,' and went off smil- China for many months. Some were ing. The next night his village was never to return to their stations. captured by the Red army and only Those who remained in Hunan were after three weeks did the government in danger of death daily for more troops reenter it. We have no news than half a year. The congregations of him, but I am confident he has were scattered, the churches desestood firm. That which we came to crated, the Chinese pastor,s and teach- China to give, the message of Christ, ers were persecuted, so that they had is a commodity which cannot be looted, to seek seclusion. destroyed, nor burned. We may have lost well over a hundred thousand dol- In February, 1930, three women lars; but there is a 'fellowship of missionaries in Kiangsi were mursuffering' worth infinitely more. Christ dered by Communists. They are the reigns in hundreds of hearts here; he first Finnish martyrs in the Chinese cannot be dislodged whatever comes; field. many a Christian is living the faith: 'Though he slay me, yet will I trust Nothwithstanding all these difficulhim.'" ties only 5% of the Christians gave up their faith. The work has been resumed and the missionaries and Chinese workers have gone long dis- Fifty Years of Service tances on tour and have found many T HE Anglo-Chinese College in Foo- open hearts. The work in the schools chow, under the Methodist Board, has been rendered generally imposwill soon complete fifty years of serv- sible on account of Government reice to China. Plans had been made strictions.

for only 400 stUdents, but when nearly 200 new boys applied for admission A Conference Under Difficulties U in September, acting President S. H. p TO within one week of meeting, it looked as if a conference this Lin arranged to take half of these applicants making an enrollment of year in Central China of the Christian 437 boys. The religious spirit among Alliance would be impos.sible. In July, the students has deepened becau,se of the rising tide of militant bolshevism the unusual activity of the school Y. swept over Changsha and threatened M. C. A. The school, through its six- the Wuhan Center, causing the Con- teen delegates, was host to the Joint suls to forbid their nationals residing Y. M. C. A.-Y. W. C. A. Summer Stu- in Wuchang.

dent Conference last September. The However, on September 2, the Con- boys, who carried on five Daily Vaca- suls lifted the ban and the conference tion Bible Schools during the summer was called. Many experienced trials, vacation, have brought the same spir- but the conference afforded new it of service into the Y. M. C. A. work. encouragement and inspiration. A Recently, over a hundred boys paid dominant note was praise for divine their own expenses to spend the week- protection amid warfare, lawlessness, end in the large Buddhist Monastery and opposition. In spite of the anti- on Kushau Mountain in a conference Christian agitation, one hundred and with Miss Kwaan, national Y. W. C. ten baptisms were reported. War-

fare, banditry, and communism had Whereas today, after seventy years been widespread, and yet evangelism of endeavor, the Christian churches had been carried on everywhere. have no more than 300,000 enrolled Many reported revival, some having members, or about one-half of one per been blessed with a week's meetings cent of the population, two modern held by four Chinese workers from sects of Shinto, not yet fifty years Bethel Mission, Shanghai. old, both incorporating in their tenets and practices features closely resem- The appointment of several "travel- bling those of Christianity, number ing evangelists"-who are really dis- over five million adherents, or nearly trict or provincial pastors-has been ten per cent of the population of modamply justified by their good workin ern Japan. Hunan and Anhwei. The spirit of love and unity and the competent way These sects are not in any real in which some Chinese brethren con- sense Christian; they are obviously ducted the business of conference, subChristian, and any crystallization greatly encouraged us concerning the of the process of development at the future of the church.-Rev. Howard present stage would leave Japan's lead- Van Dyck. ing religious movements manifestly pagan in spirit and rite. Yet these JAPAN AND CHOSEN trends chart the course over which Japan's religious development is mov- Bibles in Jq.panese Hotels ing.-T. T. Brumbaugh.

ABOUT four years ago the "Gid- Empress Aids Leper Work eons" applied for permis·sion to place Bibles in the Imperial Hotel at ST. BARNABAS' MISSION TO Tokyo, but without success. Other LEPERS, Kusatsu, is rejoicing in attempts were made later but met with a gift of seven thousand yen from refusal. However, one of the Chris- the Dowager Empress of Japan. For tians in the management kept the re- many years she has been accumulatquest in mind, and recently word came ing funds for the benefit of the lepers that the management had decided to of Japan by setting aside a certain accept the offer. part of her annual income. On No- vember 10, 1930, this fund was dis- Sunday, November 2d, was set for tributed to the various leper charities, the dedicatory service in the banquet Imperial, Roman Catholic, Anglican, hall of the hotel. Notice of the serv- and Buddhist. With the exception of ice was put in the main lobby. Short the Government Asylum, this Episcoaddresses were delivered by a mis- pal Mission received the largest sionary and by the representative of amount. With this fund it is hoped the Gideons, Captain Swinehart. The to establish a leper settlement suffimanager expressed his appreciation ciently attractive to draw lepers in and the hope that those Bibles would large numbers from all parts of the be helpful to many guests. No doubt, country for voluntary segregation.- that was the first time the Bible was Spirit of Missions. read and prayer offered in that banquet hall.-Bible Society Record.

A Christianized Buddhist Sect Purity Campaign THE Shin sect of Buddhism has THE campaign against licensed adopted so much of obviously prostitution has been called to the Christian thought-forms and method- attention of the Japanese public ology in Japan as to change the very through petitions presented to eleven character and spirit of Buddhism. meetings of the prefectural assemblies. This sect more than any other chal- Two of these passed biHs abolishing lenges the imaginations and commands licensed vice, making seven assemblies the loyalty of modern Japanese. which have recently declared for aboli-

1931J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion. In one prefecture the victory graduates will enter the Theological came as the result of a well-organized Seminary in Pyengyang. Others seven-year fight, during which 135,000 have gone out to start new churches individual petitions, one long petition and win others to Christ. Rev. W. J. containing 60,000 names, and petitions Anderson, the principal writes: "We from over 650 organizations were pre- have some very fine men. Many peosented. The leadership of this move- ple have told me of the great blessing ment is in Christian hands but it ha·s the Bible school students are bringswept far beyond the limits of the ing to territory around Seoul thr,ough church and appeals to the best thought revival meetings and Sunday services of the nation. The medical associa- they are conducting. One student who tions and patriotic societies are coop- was not able to continue his work on erating and purity leagues are organ- account of lack of funds has been used ized in many parts of the country to to start a revival in a village ten miles back up the campaign.-WiUis Lamott. from Seoul. One graduate spent sev- enty days last summer in prayer and Sai Nai Reforms Bible study alone on an island. He returned in power and has been won- SAl NAI, on a river island near derfully used." Seoul, was a notoriously rowdy town. Village feuds played havoc with Christ and Apples the Christian school, interest lagged in church work. Following a week of PUKCHUDONG is a country village revival meetings, and a visit by the whose ·life has been enriched by missionary in charge of the group, Christ and apples. Luscious "red about thirty young men of the village jade" and "light of the nation" are organized a School Boosters Associa- grown in great abundance, because tion, assumed full responsibility for Christian elders have gone at the apall finances of church and school, ple industry with the same thoroughagreed to send more students, started ness as they conduct their church. The a night school, pledged themselves not more apples produced, the more conto touch liquor or tobacco, or gamble, verts secured, it would seem; and the and made it so clear to the head of better Christians they become, the betthe village that things must be dif- ter apples they strive to grow. "And ferent that he resigned. The village so the Lord be thankit," writes Rev. people met and decided that whoever William Scott. was chosen to succeed him must be a Christian.-Korean Broadcasts. The headman of the village is a non- Christian, who once gave much trouble Bible Training in Seoul by his opposition. Reporting on his community at a district meeting of SEVENTEEN Korean young men headmen he said: "It may seem like were graduated on March 18th from boasting, but I believe I have the best The Pierson Memorial Bible School community in the township. Our peoat Seoul. This is the largest class in ple are sober and industrious. There some years and the students have is no carousing, no wrangling, no had a systematic course of study, in thieving. Our folk are of specially the Bible, church work, preaching and good stock." Another village headpersonal evangelism. The week ends man, also a nonChristian, broke in and summer vacations have been spent with the retort: "Good stock, nothing! in teaching, preaching, and personal Your people are the Bame breed as work and most encouraging reports mine. Everybody knows what makes have come of reviva}.s and churches the difference. Take the Christian strengthened. Most of the under church out of your district and you graduates are planning to spend their will be back where we are."-Korean vacation in this work. Some of the Echoes.

~~Tithing Storehouse" While Christian in character and pur- K ONGJU, Korea, has a "Tithing pose, it is not designed to further the Storehouse" as a feature of its special interests of any church 'Or Christian program. This storehouse, other institution. The officers of the association are: 12×12 feet, was erected at the same Rufus M. Jones, president; Mary time as the church, and is probably E. Woolley, vice-president; Paul Wilthe only one of its kind. Christians liam Alexander, recording secretary; bring in the tithe of their rice and Charles J. Ewald, exe.cutive secretary; barley crop, and from this the pas- Robert A. Doan, chairman, Executive tor's food is supplied. Committee.

The pastor, while not a medical graduate, is widely read in medicine; RlLce Prejudice in Great Britain his father is a doctor of the old school, his brother a practitioner of the new. I NSPIRED by movements in the He keeps on hand simple medicines United States and South Africa, and ointments; has healed many mi- the Society of Friends in London has nor ailments and sent many serious instituted a "Joint Council to Promote cases to the Christian doctor in Kong- Understanding Between White and ju. He makes no charge for treat- Colored People in Great Britain," ments, thus avoiding any complications which is described in The Spectator (London) for February 14. "Among with government officials, and local its aims are the study of the misunpolice and government officials are derstandings arising from color prejamong his regular patients.-Chris- udice; an attempt to deal wisely with tian Advocate. cases of the 'color bar' as they arise, GENERAL the encouragement of personal con- tacts and the encouragement 'Of an ap- Association for Christian Cooperation preciation in Great Britain of the T HIS association will seek through contributions of colored people to hu- correspondence, exchange of visits, man welfare." lectureships, public forums, discussion The need for this organization in centers and by any other suitable Great Britain, with its 300,000,000 col- means to stimulate fellowship among ored subjects, is emphasized because those in the United States and other "color prejudice ……cannot be re- countries who are of like mind in the garded as the hallmark of civilization, desire to produce a Christian culture for some of the most civilized peoples with no circumscribed limits. No do not possess it. France has ap- elaborate or standardized organiza- pointed Diagne, a native of Senegal, tion is desired. Except for the modest to the post of Under-Secretary of State expense of maintaining a small office for the Colonies in M. Laval's Cabi- and conducting its meetings, the asso- net."

ciation will operate strictly on the "Much of the ill feeling toward basis of projects and in harmony with Great Britain in India today arises, the following principles: not from a sense of political griev- Projects will not be initiated or ad- ance, but from some personal slight, ministered by the Corporation. imagined or real. At a moment when Projects will be supported by the vot- we are straining every nerve to bring ing of a fixed total amount or by annual about a permanent understanding begrant for a fixed and usually limited tween the peoples of India and ourperiod. ·selves, based on friendship …… can we afford 'to send home (to India) No financial commitments shall be every year hundreds of embittered made unless funds shall have been pro- and disillusioned students, with nothvided in cash, negotiable paper or pledges from responsible Foundations.

The association is incorporated un- ing but unhappy memories of their der the laws of the State of Ohio. stay in England?' "

WORTH

SE3ll~ Any books mentioned in these columns wilt be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Young J. Allen, "the Man Who Seeded It affords a classified index to multi- China." By Warren A. Candler, D.D., farious needs, and gives striking evi- LL.D. 245 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury Press, dence of the many American agencies Nashville. 1!)31. now at work for the needy. "The Year Book is not an encyclopredia of Dr. Timothy Richard once said that social problems or social conditions; "the books of Allen have hurled the Chinese gods from their pedestals." it is a record of organized efforts in The record of this noble life, if con- the United States to deal with such densed and put into more modern problems. The problems themselves form, would win youth to. the great are discussed only to the extent that adventure. The style of thiS old fash- is necessary for an understanding of ioned missionary biography is apt to the forms of social work related to alienate the' sophisticated. In speak- them. No problem or social condition ing of Dr. Allen's oratorical powers is described unless some agency exists we have this sentence: "I searched for its control, prevention or study."

his eye, which was clear as his The topical articles which constitute thought, saw that once or twice dur- Part I are arranged alphabetically, ing the hour it was softened by a and there is a classified index under tear like a dew drop, held in its place such headings as Child Welfare, Menby the self-restraint of a kingly will." tal Hygiene, Health, Industry, Crime, Dr. Allen was distinguished for his Recreation, Church Social Work, etc. literary work which includes nearly The contributors have been carefully one hundred and fifty volumes, orig- selected but some of the articles are inal or translated. provokingly brief. In Part II we have He went out as a pioneer mission- a complete list of national agencies ary of the Southern Methodist Epis- engaged in social work, arranged al- copal Church, during the trying days phabetically and later classified under of reconstruction. He mastered the Protestant, Jewish, Roman Catholic, Chinese language and script, founded Y. M. C. A., etc. The article on Ima newspaper and engaged in evangel- migrants and Foreign Communities ism. In forty years of work, battling contributed by Edith Terry Bremer against ·superstition and idolatry, he is illuminating. All of the entries are is said to have had only a week's sick- accompanied by select bibliographies.

ness and then "he fell dead in his Altogether it is a work worthy of the harness," May 30, 1907. The book Russell Sage Foundation. S. M. Z.

contains some noble tributes from his.

fellow missionaries and an excellent The X Y Z of Communism. By Ethan T.

portrait. S. M. Z. Colton. Illustrated. 8 VO. 423 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New York.

Social Work Year Book. By Fred S. Hall. The author is one of the secretaries 600 pp. $4.00. Russell Sage Founda- of the International Committee of the tion. New York. 1930. Y. M. C. A. and spent some years in Those interested in national mis- Russia. He has a vital message in sions or in the social uplift of the un- this volume which bears a striking fortunate and neglected in our country title. It represents an effort to make will welcome this excellent handbook. clear the results in Russia of the theo- 399

ries expounded in "The A. B. C. of of purpose, beside which our Chris- Communism," one of the propagandist tian missionary organizations seem documents is·sued by present-day Bol- feeble and lukewarm. The volume is shevists. After defining and describ- well documented, and contains a num- ing the "class war," the author ber of illustrations from the Soviet explains .the dictatorship of the pro- press. The Glossary is excellent but letariat of the industrial workers as the index is incomplete. The judg- an instrument for the conquest of so- ments expressed are sincere, well bal- ciety by Communism. He then shows anced, and convincing. Our conviction how this differs from all other forms is that the only hope for Russia is of socialism. Jesus Christ. S. M. Z.

But Russia has not attained a real "dictatorship of the proletariat." It The Good Earth. By Pearl S. Buck. 375 is ruled rather by a dictatorship of pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New York. the Communist party. Mr. Colton describes their principles, their aims, and 1931. their program. The First International (1864-1872), laid the founda- Many missionaries have written tions for Socialism. The Second good novels but it is not often that a International (begun in 1889 and still missionary's story is selected as "the continuing) was supplanted by the book of the month." This means a Third International (1919), which very large assured sale and a reading threw overboard all restrictions and by nonmissionary minded folk. proclaimed "the Communist Revolution can be victorious only as a World Mrs. Buck was herself a Presbytee Revolution." rian missionary in China and married Dr. J. Lossing Buck of Nanking Uni- Mr. Colton fearlessly describes the versity so that she has inhaled the effect of Communism on marriage and atmosphere of China that her novel breathes out. Her first novel "East Wind, West Wind" also deals with the home life, and the restrictions laid Chinese life and her interpretation of upon religious organizations. The her adopted country has been com- hostility to all religion proves that pared with that of Lafcardio Hearn the root of this hatred is not because for Japan.

of the "Orthodox Church," nor is it "The Good Earth" is not a mission- due to the hostility of the Jews. The ary story and on the surface seems purpose in the minds of the leaders unrelated to missions or to Christian- is to extirpate religion in every form. ity. It is a somewhat surprising novel Their own testimony to this effect is to come from a missionary's pen.

monotonously uniform and convincing. With great literary merit, a true to "Created and constituted to make ag- life Chinese atmosphere, a realism gressive and effective this aggregate that is sometimes raw, the story de- army of man, woman, and child-power scribes vividly the life of a Chinese for the eradication of religion, is the farmer who rises from deep poverty Society of the Militant Godless-the to wealth and at the same time sinks tireless, pitiless, presiding mind of from honest independence and simple the propaganda and the persecution. strength to self-indulgence and a slav- Its head is Yaroslavsky, Secretary of ery to material things. While the the Party Control Commission (the story is not altogether pleasant read- Inquisition of Communism), an in- ing it is of absorbing interest and strument of power second only to the deeply impresses both the strength Political Bureau of the Party and the and the weaknesses of Chinese char- O. G. P. U." This chapter is a star- acter and customs. Without pointing tling revelation of the effectiveness of a moral the picture here given shows an agency for the propagation of anti- vividly the need of the Chinese for Christian beliefs and practices; it the truth, the ideals, the joy and the shows an intensity of zeal and a unity power that come from Christ.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1931

IDEAL

PROVISION A LIFE Have you a wife, a husband, a friend, an employee who is dependent on you INCOME and who is not versed in business methods? FOR YOU Have you wondered how to provide Give generously to Foreign for this person in case he survives you? Missions. Your gift will Does this question trouble you espe- return you cially when you think of financial panics and hard times? 4%% to 9% PER YEAR You can provide a guaranteed income for the rest of your life for life for yourself and another through the ANNUITY PLAN and at the same under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus relieving you time help extend the Kingdom. of worry caused by changing values of ordinary investments. For further information write: A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 W, J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Protect yourself against loss through St., Philadelphia, Pa., or unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board world. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New For full information WTire York, N. Y. ERNEST F. HALL. Secretary, b Dept. of Annuities THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 156 FIFTH A VENUE ' " NEW YORK 79he James H. Snowden PRESBYTERIRN Established Editor BRNNER 1814 AReligious JournaloflOday Editorials, Constructive and helpful. The Radio Pulpit, a sermon by Dr. Hugh Tho':;p. The World Today, a picture of the more impor- son Kerr of the Shadyside Presbyterian Chur~, tant events in the secular world. The Quiet Hour, by Dr. Robert MacGowan, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: . ,.

Pittsburgh. Contributions, by some of the most eminent writers in the Presbyterian Church, on themes of Sonday School Lessons, by Dr. George W. current interest and importance. Brown, New York. Church News, from all parts of the Church. Christian Endeavor Topic, by Dr. Kinley Mc- Millan, Pittsburgh. t:hieago and Vicinity, a news Department Departments, for the Home, Children and Young People.

Suhscription rat.., $2.50 annnally; Ministers, $2.00 Published Weekly on Thorsday. Sample Copy Sent <HI Request THESE TWO INFORMATIVE MAGAZINES: (14 ~q~) The Presbyterian Banner (52 weekly issues) . . $2.50} Boih for $4.00 The Missionary Review of the World (12 monthly issues) $2.50 SAVE $1.00 ADDRESS YOUR ORDERS TO EITHER OFFICE, THE PRESBYTERIAN BANNER THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 2007 Commonwealth Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MlSSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD (Concluded from second cover.) DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor REV. RICHARD E. SHIELDS, minister of the Community Church at Mountain CONTENTS-January, 1931 Lakes, N. J" has succeeded Mr. Har- greaves as Executive Secretary of the Page Community Church Workers, with head- FRONTISPIECE, HOME MISSION MAP quarters at 77 West Washington Street, Chicago. Mr. Shields is a graduate of THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR the Moravian College at Bethlehem, Pa., · ……………….. ROBERT E. SPEER 5 and the Moravian Theological Seminary.

MEE'l'ING THE WORLD'S GREATEST .. .. * NEED… . …….. JOHN R. MOTT 10 COMMISSIONER YAMAMURO, head of the WHAT ME'l'HODS PRODUCE RESULTS Salvation Army in Japan, has received high recognition for his work among the · ….•……………… ROBERT LAWS 17 poor and outcast. The Emperor has raised him to court rank and decorated BUILDING A NEW KOREA ……..•.•• him with the Order of the Sacred Treas- ure; the Minister of Justice has pre- ••••••••••••••••• DELAVAN L. PIERSON 23 sented him with a gold cup and certificate of merit. In the old days he was thrown WHA'l' THE CHURCH OFFERS MEN .. 34 into prison for blocking the traffic in empty streets. Mr. Yamamuro is a w~.~ .~?~~?~~. ~?~~~ J~~SSl?~~owio~;, 35 powerful evangelist and has done much to help girls out of evil life. :::AN RELIGION STOP WAR? …..•. , .. ……….. ….. .. HENRY A. ATKINSON 37 * .. ..

CHRISTIAN STbESMEN MEET AT A. P. FITT, who is a son-in-law of D. WASHINGTON-Home Missions Con- L. Moody and has been associated with the Record of Christian Work for the gress ……………………….. . 41 past 11 years, has been elected editor of TOPICS OF THE TIMES 49 .. . . that publication.

The Outlook for 1931 KING PRAJA DHIPOK of Siam, with Queen Rambai Barni, is to visit America The Uplook lor 1931 this year. According to a recent report from Bangkok, Siam, they are to visit Dr. Arthur J. Brown the United States incognito. The king is coming for eye treatment as he has been Ten Months At the Front suffering from cataracts.

WOMAN'S HOllIE AND FOREIGN BUL- LETIN …..•… EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER AND FLORE~CE E. QUINI~AN 53 METHODS FOR WORKERS ……….. . OBITUARY · . . . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 59 REV. GEORGE ALEXANDER, D.D., former president of the Board of Foreign Mis- WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK …………. 65 sions of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 77 A., and pastor of the First Presbyterian church, New York, died Decembel; 12th TEIUIS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In club. of at 87 years of age. Dr. Alexander had five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single eopies, been for 60 years in the Christian min- istry, was president of the Board of 25 cent.. Published monthly. Copyrighted, Trustees of McKenzie College, Brazil and 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- active in many other educational and PANY, INC. All rights reserved. philanthropic institutions.

'['IIE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING *** ~OMPANY, INC. DR. KARL H, KUMM, prominent in ROHERT E. SPBllCR, PrfuJ1.doot opening up the Sudan to missionary oc- cupation, recently passed away at Pa- Yn,I.IA:M 1. CnAMBERLAlN, Vice-President cific Beach, Calif., at the age of 56. Hav- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ing already completed his university VALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer training, Kumm began exploring the depths of North Central Africa at the FubIlcation Ollice. 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, age of twenty-five, and was the first white man to pass the great divide be- Pa. 2~c a copy. $2.~0 a year, tween the Congo and the Nile. Later he founded a Board for Medical Education ~;ditorl,,1 and Busine•• Ollice, 1116 Fifth Avenue. "and Research in Africa, and also the New York City Sudan United Mission, embodying twen- " ty-two different denominations. Entered 8S second·closs matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. A Golden Opportunity!

One book that you read this year should be the Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell FortyYears on the Labrador By ERNEST H. HAYES THIS is a deeply interesting and ro- mantic story concerning the life and work of Sir Wilfred Grenfell, that famous doctor-missionary of the Labrador. Much has been written previously but this story of fascinating adventure gives the leading facts and events in this remarkable life, in chronological order.

It shows the development of the work and describes the Doctor's gallant service for Jesus Christ for forty years.

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A copy of the wall map used at the recent Home Missions Congress

Washington, D. C. A large four-color poster is being prepared by the Home Missions Council. Copies may be obtained through denominational Home Mission boards. This map, by Mr. K. R. Southard, is worthy of study as it pictures incidents in the advance of Christianity and civilization in North America.

LIV, No.1 January

THE MISSIONARY (IreWO.&,-~ THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of US ome Lit-"ing Issues.,'-' Etc.

n;S WE begin this new year, Gospel, and even the same moral 1931, we seem to be further issues which were alive in the conaway than ever from the tacts of the early Church with hu- simplicity of the times when our man nature and with society. And Lord was here and the Christian the political issues are taking on Church began. Palestine was a an equally close resemblance. One small land, no bigger than some reads a great, carefully document- American counties. Life moved ed study like Cadoux's "The Early slowly and at leisure. "And Jesus Church and the World" and real- walked in Galilee." That was the izes at once how many kinships speed to which human life was there are between that situation geared. We think of Paul's evan- and our own-in the relation of gelism and his wide itineration but Christianity to war, to inequality, he was no hurrier. He stayed for to ideals of marriage and the home, three years in Ephesus alone. We to the State.

travel to and from an evening It seems probable that we have meeting, a longer journey than ahead of us today a repetition of from Nazareth to Jerusalem, and the struggle which the early return. Those days of Christian- Church had to wage for religious ity's beginning seem very different liberty ana freedom of worship, and far away. education and diffusion. In Russia, And yet there are respects in Turkey and China what we had which our situation and problems come to regard as fundamental hu- today are taking on more and more man rights have been either in- the character of the conditions and vaded or denied and elsewhere issues which confronted the early there are tendencies which bid fair Church. We are facing many of to confront us in the West with the same apologetic questions-as the same issues. There are doc- to the being of God, the nature of trines of the State and of State His government of the world, the control of education and there are person of Christ, the meaning and academic theories of the nature of destiny of life, the foundations of liberty and of the rights of religion right, the relationship of Chris- which may raise for the Church in tianity and the non-Christian re- the near future the same problems ligions, the essential content of the which it faced at the beginning.

5

The Keithahn Case mining the political attitudes of an independent indigenous Church? The problems which are arising What policy should missions pracdo not spring wholly from so-called tice with regard to receiving govnon-Christian governments, as the ernment financial grants which are Keithahn case in Southern India made dependent upon political atshows. Mr. Keithahn was an Amer- titudes or activities? All these are ican Congregatio.nal mIssIOnary vital questions, independent of the who sympathized with the Nation- merits of a particular situation or alist Movement. There would seem the sympathies of missionaries in to be slight evidence that his sym- the present conflict in India. pathy found any excessive or illegitimate expression. At any rate And the issues are not confined there were many Englishmen in to one district in the Madras Pres- India whose support of the Nation- idency. The Government of Bomalist Movement went far beyond bay has issued the following order: his. But the Collector of the Madura District ordered him to leave Government desires to impress on India and required the Mission to the governing bodies of all recognised which he, belonged to dissociate institutions which are in receipt of itself' from him. When the Mis- grants under the grant-in-aid code that sion did this, the Collector went they are responsible for seeing that no further and demanded of it a unan- member of their staff or establishment imous declaration which seemed to is permitted to take part in political many to go beyond the principle agitation directed against the authorof neutrality and abstention in po- ity of Government or to incite opinions litical affairs to which the Mission tending to excite feelings of disloyalty was pledged. Beyond this, the Col- or disaffection whether inside or outlector required that the Mission side the institution under their conshould also compel the Indian trol. They also require that the manpreachers and teachers to array agers themselves should not allow their themselves against the nationalist views on current political questions to agitation and in support of Gov- affect their educational administration. ernment policy, and advised the If these conditions are not observed or Mission that otherwise the grants- if evidence is forthcoming that the in-aid, which it had been receiving students have been inspired with feelfrom the Government for its ings of disloyalty or di,saffection by schools, would be withdrawn. their teachers or that the standard of discipline or the educational efficiency It is obvious that many impor- of the institution have been impaired, tant issues are involved in this in- the grants-in-aid are liable to be recident. Is it competent for a duced or withdrawn. District Collector to exercise authority such as this or should it And this has been carried furbelong to the Provincial officials ther by the British Resident in the at least or be referable to the Gov- Native State of Kolhapur who has ernment of India? What is rightly requested members of the Mission involved for American missions in "to instruct preachers and teach- India in the principle of political ers, when preaching, not to bring neutrality and noninterventio.n? in or make use of the names of What influence is a foreign mission India's poEtical leaders." warranted in exercising in deter- These are not simple and easy questions. They cannot be resolved by the foolish advice of a weIl-

THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR

known religious paper that mis- Indian Dominion should not profess sions must identify themselves the Christian faith. But we think with nationalist revolution, or with India may and -should ask that the the contrary advice that they are Coronation oath should contain a solbound actively to support every emn undertaking on the part of the existing government. Sovereign to be the Protector of the ancient religious faiths of this coun- Difficulties Faced by Missionary try. The present principle of religious neutrality must be replaced by a prin- Enterprise ciple of active and appreciative pro- tection. The most important conse- There is no gain in belittling the quence of the change will be that new difficulties which the mission- organized religious proselytism, havary enterprise is facing. One set ing for its purpose the seduction of of these difficulties springs from His Majesty's subjects from their anfalse ideas of nationalism. Presi- cestral faiths, will be barred, as the dent Wilson had no conception of King being the Protector of all rethe dynamite contained in the prin- ligions, cannot let one of them wage ciple of the self-determination of war against another. people. That principle is like the principle of self-expression. All And another set of difficulties depends upon what the "self" is has arisen from a false educational that is to express or determine it- philosophy taught the East in our self-whether or not it is a rea- Western schools. Its effect is seen sonable and righteous self. And in China and Russia in the attempt also much depends on what "na- to keep religious teaching away tionalism" means. In China these from the young. The Chinese Minlast few years some of the most ister of Education, trained in terrible anti-nationalistic, nation- America, is prohibiting all relially-suicidal ideas have paraded gious instruction and worship in under the name of "nationalism." primary and junior schools and it And now in India, in the interest is discouraged, though as yet alof nationalism, good men are advo- lowed as an optional study, in cating ideas which wiII immobilize higher schools. The Government society and freeze mental and mor- regulation reads: al progress. Mr. Gandhi is arguing against all changes of religious A private school founded by a rerelationships, denouncing all "con- ligious body is not permitted to give version," and Mr. Natarajan is religion as a required subject, nor is pleading for political protection in religious propaganda permitted in the behalf of religious immobility. In class instruction. If there are any rean editorial in the Indian Social ligious exercise, students shall not be Reformer of March 29, 1930, he compelled or enticed to participate. wrote: No religious exercises shall be allowed in primary schools.

The conception of Sovereignty in a To the protest of the Chinese monarchy is not a wholly secular one, churches the Minister of Educ!land there must be something in the tioD replied: conditions attaching to it to indicate a spiritual contact between the Sov- -If you propose to experiment in ereign and the subject. It is against education, basing your experiment on the immemorial tradition of India to projects related to science and social impose a disability on any religion. conditions, this is something which We cannot ask that the King of the the Government unquestionably ap-

proves and permits. Religion, how- of the current year, by making at least ever, is .one type of abstract intangible the usual provision for theological imagination, and is outside the cate- schools and Bible training institutes, gory of educational theories and there and by urging all missionaries, whose is therefore no reason for the Govern- activities in other directions are hinment to permit religion in schools for dered, to devote themselves to enthuthe purpose of experimentation. siastic evangelism with their Chinese associates. China will indeed face a problem a few years hence with a gen- The medical work is as needy and eration educated without religion as successful as ever, yet the number and without the morals and dy- of doctors and nurses is less by more namic and sanctions which only religion can supply. than 20 % than five years ago. This Facing Opportunities work is so highly appreciated by the Chinese for its tangible benefits, and But the missionary enterprise goes so hand-in-hand with direct evanfaces opportunities as well as dif- gelism that there should be no diminuficulties. The political opposition tion of the American Church's efforts which is met in many lands to the to man and maintain this beautiful instrumentalities and agencies ministry to body and soul. which missions have used, such as schools, hospitals, philanthropies, Never has there been greater need has not affected the openness of than now for high-grade Christian litattitude of the people. At this very erature in Chinese. Never a larger time the missionary schools and welcome accorded to it. The Bible and colleges in China are more crowd- Tract Societies are selling more books ed than ever. And even where and tracts than ever before, and the there has been political restriction new dignity acquired by the vernacuin these matters there has been lar as a literary medium, affords an none as yet with regard to direct unparalleled opportunity for Chinese evangelism. A statement recently writers and foreign translators. issued by the Presbyterian Board refers to this: In many lands old resistance has dissolved. Meshed, for example, is No evidence has come to hand that the most sacred city of Persia. any restraint has been placed by the Here are the shrines of Imam Reza Chinese Government upon the preach- and the mosque of Ganhar Shad. ing of the Gospel in churches, chapels, And behind the shrine there was markets or homes; but on the con- in 1922, a great cemetery. From trary, the almost universal report is all over the Shiah Mohammedan of an unparalleled receptiveness to the world, people had come to lay their Gospel and its messengers .on the part bones in this sacred place, and any of the Chinese people, and even among desecration of their graves would students of certain government schools. have led to riot and slaughter. In view of the fact that our evangel- One walked about with the utmost reverence and care. And now what istic mi,ssionaries are fewer by 15 % has happened? One of the mission- aries writes: than in 1925, the Board would cooperate to the fullest degree possible with You asked about the graveyard back the Chinese Church's present great of the shrine in Meshed and the dis- Evangelistic Movement by calling and posal made of the bodies. Bones excaappointing to this work China's full vated were ruthlessly thrown into carts usual share of the accepted candidates and wagons and hauled outside the city and dumped into pits where they were covered. Scarcely more respect was

shown for bones of animals. Mrs.– Silently it is finding its way into told me that she walked through the the stream of Japanese culture, cemetery while excavations were going Protestantism more apparently, on and that she saw the skeletoIl8 of Roman Catholicism not so evidentsix persons in as many shallow graves ly but solidly. All are reforming built one over the other. A dentist, society. Whether we openly con- I believe, asked for a skull and the fess Christianity or object to it, official replied that he could furnish still the New Testament is making two hundred if he desired. Had such its way into the innermost corners a desecration of these graves of de- of families, if not as a religion, vout Moslems, whose bodies had been then as a moral power. I have brought hundred.s arid even thousands evidence of this everywhere I travof miles for burial "under the shadow el in the country." of Imam Reza," been attempted some years ago it would have ended in a And what is true of Japan is most serIous riot. That there should now be no more than murmurs of op- true of the world. The ideals and position .shows that Persia is changing principles of Jesus are pervading inwardly as well as outwardly. the world. They are not dominant. And their steady extension is not This is a parable easily read. unchallenged. There are deadly Nat in Persia only are old stag- forces in opposition. Alas, the nancies and sterilities dying, and spread of the ideals and principles new forces seeping in. At the is not enough! There is need of other end of Asia the same things the deeper work·which only Christ are happening. A recent visitor to can do when He is recognized as Japan reports an interview with Saviour and Lord. The world Dr. Nitobe, for many years J apa- needs not the moderatist acceptnese representative on the Secre- ance of ideas only, but the moral tariat of the League of Nations. and spiritual deliverance and re- With regard to the influences now creation of the Cross and Resurmoulding the moral ideals of rection of Christ. It needs not the Japan, he said; "The chiefest of ethics of the Gospel only but new these influences is Christianity. life in and by the Son of God.

What of the night, 0 Watchman? What of the night, 0 Watchman? Turn to the East thine eyes, Rises to Thee our cry; And say is there any token Prophet divine of Nazareth, Of the dawning in the skies? Make to our hearts reply: Or do the shadows linger, Over the earth's wild warfare Thy lips, are they sad and dumb, Comes not a time more fair, With never a word of gladness Swords into ploughshares beaten, That the tarrying morn is come? Peace throned everywhere?

Then answered the patient Watchman "Wait," said the Heavenly Watchman, From the mountain's lonely height, "Let not thy spirit quail, To the waiting souls in the valley, Strife shall not be eternal, "I can see the breaking light; Harmony shall prevail; There's a glow on the far horizon Battle clouds all shall scatter, That is growing more wide and clear, Hatred shall be outcast, And soon shall the sun be flinging Love's ever broadening glory His splendors both far and near." Break on the world at last!" -Selected.

THE WORLD'S GREATEST NEED*

BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., New York Ohait"ma,n 01 the InternationaZ Mis8ionar1J OouncH W HEN Jesus Christ said, of Christ. Sometimes He enters in "The Son of Man came not the most unexpected ways. That to be ministered unto, but to is what we have a right to expect minister, and to give his life a from a superhuman Christ.

ransom for many," He led us not Enlarged Opportunities only up into the presence of the world's greatest mystery, but like- I have been moving among na- wise into that of the world's great- tions for over forty years, on jourest reality. It is proved by every neys around the world again and test in -individual life; in social again, and on nearly all the battlelife and in international relations. fields of Christianity and I believe When He said, "I am come that that the present is a time of unthey might have life and that they doubtedly rising spiritual tide. It might have it more abundantly," is a time of the rising tide of opdid He not afford us a program portunity. and a platform and a message There have been times when in which makes possible meeting the certain parts of the world the deepest longings of the human donrs have been as wide open as they are now, but never has there heart and the deepest needs of the been a time when on every conhuman race? tinent and in every part of each continent the doors have been so When He said, in language that wide ajar for the penetrating inwould seem subject to no two in- fluence of Christ and His message, terpretations, "Ye shall be wit- as they are today. You and I are nesses unto me both in Jerusalem, living in a most wonderful moment and in all Judea, and in Samaria, in the unfolding plans of the Kingand unto the uttermost part of the earth," with matchless lucidity dom. summoning us into larger evangel- I include the Mohammedan world ism-how can it be that we miss in this statement. One of the conthe way? As we look round us and realize ferences I have been attending was how few, comparatively, are com- held in Turkey. I can best describe the situation when I say that the ing under the spell of our Lord, best experienced missionaries and and how few are yielding to this native Christians of Turkey conexpansive purpose, for the obvious sider the real opportunity has just reason that it is not being brought arrived. to bear, do we not hear the summons? May it never fall on deaf I am aware of the fact that cer- tain methods employed in other ears! fields cannot be freely employed in The whole world is open. It would be difficult to mention any Turkey. In schools and colleges door that we can honestly say is they cannot do today what they closed to the penetrating influence did and would like to do, but that does not close the doors. They can *Extracts from an address delivered at live Christ. Those who have an Northfield, Massachusetts, last summer.

10 opportunity to teach are at liberty tianity. Nothing has moved me to do work of a Christian charac- more than the discovery that peoter outside of the school room. ple are looking for something from Christianity which they have not The more intensive method has been finding in their own faith or brought the most multiplying re- lack of faith. sults. Weare going to see wonders as a result of intensive work in I am a constant reader of Mo- Turkey. hammedan, Jewish and other non- Christian magazines in English, It is a time of the rising tide of and keep informed as to the utteropportunity. I have made a spe- ances of leaders of thought and cialty of unoccupied fields and I action and I am more impressed by have yet to be convinced there is what is being said by non-Chrisany field where, if we advance we tian and nonreligious people than will not find the doors open before by many things said by Christians. we reach the place. God has more than one method of getting at un- Rising Tide of Inquiry occupied fields-not only geographical areas, but groups of people, The present is a time of rising areas of life, and human relation- tide spiritually, mostly of interest ships. We- are living in a time manifested by inquiry. when we can say that the doors are not closed to the penetrating All over the world people are deinfluence of the living Christ. bating, calling into question all standards and checking up all This is a time of the rising tide sanctions that have held people for. of expectation. It is a struggle eenturies. We have more opporeach one of us knows to keep vivid tunities for sharing peoples doubts the spiritual realities. As we grow as well as their hopes. How much older we may be more sensitive to better this is than the old indifthe leadings of the Spirit and lis- ference and apathy I met in my tening to the still small voice. earlier jourm>v" in fields like Latin America, Asia. Africa, not to speak I have been vividly aware in my of America! How people can relast journeys of a movement among gard with indifference this present the classes of every backward race, oay, how we can be contented with every oppressed people, every de- the plans we now have, is more pressed stratum of society-a ~;han I can see. more equal outreaching. It is sometimes vaguely expressed, but Visit the bookshops in all lands! it is a groping after something There is a flood of printed matter, higher, freer, better. Our loving, and a disproportionately large inheavenly Father is brooding over crease of literature dealing with His children just as an earthly religion-I might say, literature father is filled with a burning de- of reality. If you have doubts, sire to evoke in his children aspira- make your own tests by getting tions for something better and book lists and talking with world higher. The most discerning Chris- travelers! Enter into intimate contian leaders an over the world be. versation with those engaged in lieve that we are on the threshold the work of evangelism who travel of something that will far tran- over goodly areas! Form your own scend anything we have had behind impressions! They have told me us in the world mission of Chris- that they know of no time like

these present days in point of in- our Lord, that elemental faith quiry, with people willing to pay which nothing can daunt.

great prices, which means an un- Another illustration may be the mistakable desire to find truth. mass movement in India. Out of This has its promising implica- possibly 320 millions in India over tions. We ought to be thanking nine-tenths live in 700,000 villages.

God that we are permitted to live Over 50 million people in the ag- in days like these. gregate are among the most neg- Criticism and Objection lected people of the human race. You can't think it a reality! The This is also a time of the rising age-long enemies of man are work- tide of criticism and objection. ing in those villages-ignorance, I look upon that as not without poverty, disease, strife, and sin.

its tremendous advantages, advan- The occupations of these outcasts tages we may turn from stum- from the Hindu point of view is blingblocks i n to stepping-stones. most defiling. They are not per- Remember the words of St. Paul: mitted to use a main street. They "For a great door and effectual is are not permitted to go to the vil- opened unto me, and there are lage schools. They are not permit- many adversaries." Christianity ted to draw water at the village seeks out the impossible to make well; and it is only in a few scores possible its wonderful works. I of villages that they are permitted distrust whether I am in the right to go to the temple. Well are they • place if I am not in the place of called the untouchables. Gandhi things impossible. When every- did not originate that name: his thing looks easy I make up my religion originated it.

mind the omnipotent Clirist will The first time I went to India, not manifest Himself there. It nearly forty years ago, in only two takes impossible situations to re- districts was there anything being veal the meaning of Christ, the ne- done for the outcasts. Most mis- cessity and adequacy of Christ. sionaries were regarding with sus- Rising Tide of Faith picion the mass movement. Now, of two million Protestant members, This is a time of rising spiritual over 73% are products of the move- tide throughout the world in faith. ment among depressed classes. In My wife and I went through the the villages that have been most ex- jungle on Sumatra, and we pulled posed to this movement of the Spir- aside the tropical vines from a it of God, a movement that means monument that commemorates the uplift, improvement, I have found lives of the first two missionaries the economic and social lot so trans- who went there and were eaten by formed that you could see it. Vil- cannibals. As we went through lages were also transformed moral- that valley we saw evidences of ly.

Christianity that, if we had not The most marvelous result of seen others, would compel us to be- this work is that many of the caste lieve that Christ not only does, but people have become Christians as a 18. All over that island where can- result of the object lesson of the nibals had had the right of way, transformed life of the outcasts.

in crowded churches I found faith Bishop Whitehead told me that he in the wonder-working power of had just come back from India

MEETING THE WORLD'S GREATEST NEED

where he had visited a Wesleyan numbers, and he proposed to mission where they had 3,000 caste double that in five years. converts, and had about 3,000 more preparing for baptism. This'seems I could think of nothing in the almost incredible. There is a rising program of Christ, or the comtide of faith among these depressed mands of Christ, or the resources people-blind, hopeless, in despair, of Christ, or the example of Christ abandoned by others-and now which would negative that prothere is this rising tide of faith posal, and nothing in the welfare of among the caste people. the Chinese church that would not make it highly desirable that they There are 3,000 baptisms in In- lend themselves to that undertakdia every week. There would be ing. 30,000 every week if we had sufficient numbers of wise guides and In everyone of OUr conferences teachers. Great restraint is being in China, not by a majority but by exercised by the most trustworthy unanimous vote, the leading mismissionaries. We have made mis- sionaries and trusted leaders of the takes, due to lack of vision at the Chinese churches voted to put home base. The people are stand- themselves behind this prophet. ing before our open doors and we When the National Council meethave to say, "Stay back! It is not ing of officials was held, after days safe for you to come unless we have of debate they committed themenough teachers." selves to support his five-year pro- gram, which was as follows: Advance in China 1. The cultivation among Christians When I was in China there met of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a me in Canton a delegation, among more intimate fellowship with Him, them Cheng Ching Yi whom I knew and a more gracious experience of Him first as a schoolboy in Peking. He in all phases of life. is a retiring man, though a great leader, executive head of the Na- 2. The carrying out of evangelistic tional Christian Council and mod- work m the hope that the number of erator of this new Church of Christ Christians at least be doubled. in China which includes one-third of the Chineses Protestant Chris- 3. The endeavor on the part. of all tians.' He came to me and said: "I cooperating in the five-year movement have had a vision, and I want time to improve the religious education of to share it with you. I want to the Church through the use of the pulknow whether the best way to meet pit, Sunday school and other societies. this chaos in China would be a summons to a Christian advance." 4. Definite steps to overcome iIIiter- This vision came after days and a..y among church members. nights of prayer. 5. Sustained efforts to make the Dr. Cheng wanted to start a cam- family to a large extent the unit of paign to double the number of Christian endeavor, so that the Chris- Protestant church members in tian family method would increase the China in the next five years an in- membership of the church; also every crease of four hundred thirty-five possible effort to Christianize family thousand. It took over a hundred life. years to build up a church of such 6. That far more serious thought and care be given on the part of the church t'O the pr'Oblems 'Of th'Ose who are not Christians, but are coming un- der Christian influence as in Christian schools.

7. A clearly increased emphasis on

Christian standards, so that the church dustry, among the students, and should become far more self-dependent among groups of fishermen. There than at the present time, and that is nothing more fascinating than Christians generally should be helped his actual experiences with the difto a clearer understanding of the serv- ferent groups. ice which is theirs because they are Christians. Mr. Kagawa was converted un- der the influence of a missionary. 8. Earnest efforts to extend to When a small boy he went to a others the benefits of the Christian re- Christian school and college in ligion through personal evangelism Kobe, and decided to enter Chrisand through such other methods as tian work. Realizing his need he may be found desirable in the hope .came to this country and studied that within five years the number of at Princeton. Then he went back Christians may be doubled. into the slums, where he has been living ever since. He rises at 4 It takes faith to advance in the o'clock every morning, and nothing midst of civil war and battle and cheats him out of an hour with God. chaos. I wonder if we would be His eyesight is failing, and he says preparing plans like this in Amer- he is able to do more thinking as a ica, if we were in those conditions? result of not reading so much now. He has written many books; one of The Program in Japan them has run through 300 editions. He preaches on an average of three In Japan the Japanese Christian times a day, and gives a lot of time leader Toyohiko Kagawa told me he to other work. He has three social had a heavy burden which he want- settlements, one leper colony, one ed me to help him bear. He had research bureau. When asked to been studying about the Protestant take a position by the mayor of church of France, which, though Tokyo he refused, but said, "I will small, has already become a nation- give you as much time as I can wide force in its ideals, its spirit, spare in an honorary capacity." its principles, its personality, its This was accepted. He was first program. He said: regarded with suspicion, but now he has the confidence of the whole "My burden is, after much city. Parliament has appropriated thought and prayer, that if we ten million dollars toward carrying could have a million Protestant out one of his plans involving six Christians in Japan we might permeate this nation of sixty-eight cities. millions." He wanted to call the campaign "How many Protestant Chris- "The Million Souls Movement," but tians have you now?" I asked they decided to call it "The King- dom of God Movement." The aim "Two hundred forty thousand." is in three years to increase from He had shared his burden, with one-quarter million to one million the heads of his denomination. Christians. The plan embraces:- Some had responded, but others were skeptical. As a result he had 1. Organization of a network of spent last year in trying out new prayer; early morning prayer meetmethods in order to meet criti- ings in every church and city to pray cisms, as a result he had had 15,- for a revival of faith; prayer with a 000 converts less fifteen in his new spirit in the 1800 churches in work. He had tried his methods among the farmers, in the centers of in-

Japan for a revival of faith; monthly me to do to spread the Christward united prayer meetings of all churches movement in India, I will do. When in eveyy city; an annual conference for special prayer and preparation for Christ saw the multitudes He was the above purpose. In other words, a moved with compassion, and then conference for prayer, and nothing He began to send out His disciples. else. Second, we must think not only 2. Personal evangelism on the needs of men, but we must 3. Evangelism through literature be in thought upon God Himself. 4. Educational evangelism This current humanistic discussion 5. Evangelism through service is stimUlating more thought on God 6. Rural evangelization than I have ever known. We must 7. Evangelization vf fishing folk desire more that He may be mani- 8. Evangelization in mining camps fested, that we may witness fresh 9. Evangelization of the labor demonstrations of His power, the classes desire to share what He has done 10. The training of real evangelists. for us with others. Better workers alone will not suffice. Five thousand preachers should be Other things will be realized, trained at once. when we have this desire: First: A larger comprehension Spirit of Evangelism of the field where we are placed, A precursor of every great spir- the people and their background, itual advance has been an outbreak- their antecedents, mentality, and ing of unselfish and triumphant de- interests; a larger comprehension sire. Evangelistic methods change, of their battlefields and soul strug- but the spirit is the same, because gles and unanswered questions, a Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, larger comprehension of the forces that oppose us, and a larger comtoday, and forever. Evangelism is prehension of the favoring condimore a spirit than a method. Christ tions there are. is not shut up to any method or medium. We want things old and Second: We must have larger new, but there is something in- plans. Our plans are pitifully in- congruous in a static church. The adequate in contrast with the repower of Christ, the fountain head, sources of our Lord. I have found is always flowing. That is the vital- it is a vastly easier thing to see a ity we ought to have, new experi- large thing achieved than a small thing. The reason is that it takes ences breaking out all the while. an impossible thing to draw out The methods may change but the the imagination, which is the least u~ed faculty we have. Christ put spirit is the same. How can this larger desire be a tremendous strain on our im- agination. When He taught the generated? Bishop Gore sums up Golden Rule He forced us to get the lack in two phrases: We do not our imagination into play, and think, and we do not pray. That when He taught the commandment generalization will unlock any of love He put a strain upon our problem anywhere.

One way to develop this desire is by meditation, thinking on the imagination. needs of men, women and children The advantage of an impossible now living. As a result of my medi- program is that it calls out all our tation one night in one of the In- hidden powers, and another advandian villages, anything God permits tage is that it takes a large plan

to arrest the attention and partici- hour costs $5,000, plus the cost of pation of men and women of large all the artists engaged. We have affairs. The reason is that they hardly begun to adjust ourselves are not giving their time to little to the possibility of such means plans, and we have to show them available for arresting attention, a plan that convinces them that it for making impressions, for creatis worth while. ing an atmosphere. . ImpGssible situations also drive us to God, draw us to God, deepen 6. There is the' matter of reour acquaintance with Him, make treats. I am glad to say that is possible the finding of His condi- spreading. Even more depends on tions, paying the price. Christ what we do before we evangelize taught us this lesson in the Garden and what we do after than what of Gethsemane. we do when we evangelize. If I had to live my life over again I But mostly there are two great would spend vastly more in what implications. One is that such precedes evangelistic work and in work is going to be costly: and if what follows than what takes place what we are doing is not costly we in between. It is here that we are must make up our mind we have not His meaning. The second im- weak. plication is that we are to count My last word is that we must the cost and be ready to pay it. have a greater accession of power. We must have a larger message. We must experience this on a Christ is the same yesterday, to- larger scale for this work of evanday, and forever, but we have a gelism. Let us yield ourselves to larger comprehension of Christ the gracious, loving, omnipotent, life-giving power of the Spirit that than we had. greater works may take place and We must have a larger and truer be of such convincing power that they will prove the much needed strategy. We are at a time when reality and wonder-working power we have to take all fronts and deal of God and the reality of our with the world as a unity. There faith! must be a larger adaptation of means to ends. If you ask for Jesus Christ summons us today methods I would mention some of to come out of the zone of com- promise and apathy and passivity these: into the aggressive activity of sac- 1. Larger recognition of times rificial love. Think how absorbed people are today in every sphere and seasons, for instance, Christ- of interest-in politics, in pleasure, mas and Easter. in money making, in the search for fame and power. Under these con- 2. Explanation of much that is ditions how can we arrest the atgoing on in certain groups, com- tention of these preoccupied men and women so that they will hear munities and fields. the summons of Christ. Let Him 3. Religious education. Weare speak the word: "I if I be lifted up. : …. will draw all men unto just on the edges of the greatest me." That Great Magnet will work the world has ever known in break people out of their setting religious education. and lift them up to God.

4. Another means is social evan- gelism. 5. Also newspaper evangelism. In the National Broadcasting Company studio broadcasting an

METHODS PRODUCE

Notes From the Experience of Fifty-two Years in Africa BY THE REV. ROBERT LAWS, D.D., LL.D., of Livingstonia T HE apostolic method, Saint wrote. For this special work God, Paul tells us, was to "preach (as in all special work He has to Christ crucified." As exam- do) prepared His special agent.

pIes of this preaching, we have the Born and brought up in a univer- sermons of Peter after Pentecost, sity city, in the strictest school of and of Paul to both Jews and Gen- Jewish Pharasaic thought, yet tiles in large assemblies and also to sharing in the culture surround- individuals, such as the Philippian ing him, and acquainted with the jailer. In every case the burden literature of his time, he later of their message was the same: prosecuted his studies under the the remission of sins through Jesus famous teachers of Jerusalem, and the Saviour, and faith in Him as so became thoroughly versed in the the means of appropriating this doctrines, prejudices and errors, salvation for' the individua1. which he was to overthrow ·when Since so much importance at- the new truth revealed to him taches to their methods, it is changed his life and made him the worthwhile to take account of the clear exponent of the way of sal~ character and training of these vation through Christ.

apostolic teachers. Peter and nine Following the history of the others of the eleven apostles were Church since then, we see that hardy fishermen of Galilee. Their when this simple message was ad- literary education had been that of hered to and the obedience to the the ordinary Jewish boy; of high- will of God implied in this faith er education they had acquired was exhibited, the Church was none. But for three years they strong and did the will of God by had been in the school of Christ, spreading the Gospel in new lands living with Him, learning from and among many peoples. On the Him, and, like many a pupil since other hand, when this simple mes- then, imbibing knowledge and sage was overlaid by outward truth the real significance of which forms, ceremonies and ritual, and they only understood later – in these externals came to take the their case after they had received place of the essential realities the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. 'which the apostles proclaimed, This teaching and the experience then the strength of the Church of life gave them a wider vision waned and the dark ages settled with a new intellectual grip and on the Christian world and con- outlook. The gospels and the tinued till the reawakening of the epistles prove this, and we read old truths supplied the strength of them with surprise at the intellec- the Reformation with the glorious tual grasp and literary ability they results that followed.

display. Turning to Paul, we find The Editor has asked me in him the greatest teacher not whether my fifty-two years of only of the world today, but of the work in Central Africa confirms intervening centuries since he the above methods, or whether, as 2 17

some hold, "work for world peace, hills, one party would go and at- ,social and industrial betterment, tack, rob and even kill some of the and intellectual and physical de- people at the lake shore who were velopment can replace these with the subjects of the other sept, thus better results." getting their revenge.

The first step towards answer- The old men among the Ngoni ing this question is to state what were, as a rule, desirous of living I found to be the facts of life as at peace with their neighbors, but concerned the people with whom I the restless youths who had heard have had to deal. of the exploits of their fathers in Warfare Fifty Years Ago their young days were keen to show their prowess and urged that In 1875, the slave trade was war raids should be undertaken in rampant in Nyasaland and inter- the dry season, after their harvests tribal war was such a recognized had been safely gathered. There condition, that as a protection, were no newspapers in the country there lay between each tribe and by means of which the wishes of its neighbor a "no man's land," those who had not access to or which took two or three days to shared in the councils of the para- cross' on fo'ot. In the case of a mount chief could make their war raid this gave a good chance wishes known to him. These of news of the impending attack sought to attain this object by reaching the other tribe and ena- means of their evening village bling its members to take meas- dance and song.

ures for the safety of themselves An example may be given. In and their dependents. the cool of the evening, and espe- The Ngoni tribe on the hills west cially on dry, moonlight nights, of Lake Nyasa were an offshoot the people of the village gathered from the war-like Zulus of South in the cattle kraal to dance and Africa. They had crossed the sing, the younger boys in particu- Zambesi as war raiders and incor- lar being carefully instructed what porated the youths of the tribes to do. At a distance it seemed as they conquered, training them as if a drum accompanied and timed warriors and teaching them their the dance, but in fact drums were methods of warfare. . Under des- not used, but instead a rythmic potic chiefs they became very thump of the foot on the ground powerful and the terror of their by every dancer produced the imi- neighbors. Septs of the Ngoni con- tative sound. The song consisted sidered parts of subject tribes liv- of a varying, extemporary recita- ing on the lake shore as their tive of a few notes and words by special property and from these a leader, followed by a chorus in they levied annually a tribute of which all joined. In the case re- a certain number of boys and girls ferred to, the chorus was: "The who had to be delivered to their cattle at the north end (of Lake conquerors on the hills; the boys Nyasa) are feeding on bananas, to be trained to fight, the girls to Mombera!" (Mombera was the be the slave wives of their captors. name of their chief.) The song When a quarrel arose between two pointed out to him that the cattle of these septs, instead of fighting at Karonga, at the north end of it out between themselves on the Lake Nyasa, were feeding on ba-

WHAT METHODS PRODUCE RESULTS

nanas which the Ngoni counted a fear of their lives. This was found delicacy they could not grow well in their religious beliefs and super- in their colder climate, and so they stition. The people believed in a thought it would be a good thing supreme being or creator concern- to organize a cattle raid on the ing whom their notions were very Konde living there and they took hazy, and whose goodwill had to this means of asking the chief to be sought. They believed in im- sanction their doing so. His con- mortality and that the spirits of sent obtained, a war party would their forefathers still took an in- be summoned together, but the terest, often a malign one, in the poiI).t of attack was carefully con- cealed. A journey of fifty to one hundred miles had to be under- taken and the necessary food car- ried with them.

Sometimes these raids were suc- cessful, but often severe fighting took place and by no means did all the attackers return home even alter what they counted a success- ful raid; Prisoners as well as cattle and other booty were carried off.

In raids on tribes nearer at hand, the actual killed and wounded usually proved the smallest part of the damage done. The gardens of the people were destroyed, vil- lages were burned, and the people were often afraid to remain in their villages and spent the nights in the bush. Food was very scarce and the people living in a half- starved condition soon had their vitality lowered, and scratches or bruises on their legs developed into large septic ulcers often perma- nently crippling the sufferers.

Women and children especially suf- AN AFRICAN WITCH DOCTOR fered under these conditions, and when young children were exposed affairs of their children. In addito them for any length of time tion to these there were many their growth was stunted f or life. other spirits whom they believed This intertribal warfare was not were unfriendly to them and who confined to the Ngoni and their had to be propitiated by prayers neighbors, but was the chronic con- and sacrifices.

dition between other tribes as well, Witchcraft when not joined in a confederacy to meet a common foe. Closely bound up with these War fear was the lot of all but ideas was their profound faith in was by no means the most deadly witchcraft, which kept them in

terror and dominated their lives. constant mental and spiritual ter- Any accident or untoward event ror under which they lived, both might be referred to evil spirits, men and women became premabut was almost universally counted turely aged in appearance and the as caused by some wizard or witch. faces of the men were lined, wrin- Anyone could be held to be such; kled and furrowed by them and by some indeed gave themselves out the lusts and passions of heathento be so, thus gaining a notoriety ism. which caused them to be feared. But to the ordinary man an acci- Ask any individual if he were dent or illness had only one sure a sinner, he would stoutly maintain cause–some person had an en- the opposite and assert his impecmity against him and had be- cability in unmeasured terms. Ask witched him. The person accused him if he knew if there was any might deny the charge, but the evil done in his village, and he had only recognized way of proving no hesitation in declaring that he his innocence was for him to de- did and indeed all the inhabitants mand the test of the ordeal. The of his village except himself had old English ordeals by boiling been guilty of some evil. Get closer water and' a red hot iron were to the man's conscience and ask known and practised, but the most him if he had not some time gone common method was that of drink- out at night if not by day, and ing the powdered bark of a tree, done something he did not wish which is poisonous, mixed with the anyone to see him do or know he water. If the accused vomited the had done, and sooner or later the deadly draught he had swallowed, man would admit that he was not he was accounted innocent; if he 80 immaculate as he would fain be did not, then death was the result considered. There is just as much and his guilt was proven. It was comfort to the heathen in Africa not always easy to fix on the sup- as to the heathen in America or posed culprit, and the help of the England, in being one of a lot of witch doctor was called in to find sinners. He is so ready to admit him. After certain incantations, this that only the power of the and consulting his oracle of bones, Holy Spirit can wring from him tortoise shell, etc., he would fasten the cry: "God be merciful to me on some one, usually a person un- the sinner." der general suspicion, or against whom a grudge existed, and this What does all this prove? Simindividual was compelled to drink ply the great fact of sin and the the ordeal to prove his innocence. sinner. The only check on these proceedings was that if the person accused Next, I have never met a man vomited, he might turn on his ac- who was not ready to admit that cuser and demand compensation sin deserved to be punished and or that he also should drink the should be punished. When a man ordeal. reaches the stage of admitting that he is a sinner and that he de- Recognizing Sin serves to be punished for his sin, he begins to see also the necessity No wonder that with these un- for a Saviour and asks the quescertainties of life, frequent priva- tion how salvation is to be found. tions arising from them, and the In answer to his inquiry as to how he can obtain salvation, heathen-

ism points to sacrifice. He brings apathy of hopeless despair which his offering of flour and beer, but has no anchor within the veil. soon realizes that this is not enough. Fowls are more valuable To persons in such a state, soand are next offered. cial or industrial betterment, how- e v e r advantageous outwardly, Still his conscience is not re- gives no help. World peace, though lieved, and sheep and goats are helpful to the body, brings no then resorted to by the sinner, but peace to the mind. Education may the burden is not taken away and help to dispel superstition but it oxen become a more costly sacri- cannot remove the load of sin. fice, only to find that the blood of This, only Jesus the Saviour can FUTURE CHRIS'l'IAN LEADERS IN TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA the ox avails as little. Yet it is take away, and He is ready to do the man's best in ordinary life. In it for all who believe in Him. This a crisis of life, as when a company is the glorious message the misin a canoe during a storm are like sionary has to proclaim and it is to be drowned or a tribal calamity the only infallible one the world is impending, a human victim is has ever heard. offered as the greatest sacrifice they can bring to appease the ma- When this great change has lign spirits seeking their ruin. taken place in the heart of a man, When this has proved ineffectual, and he is regenerated, then and the batHed soul knows not where to then only is he ready and fit to turn, if it still seeks relief and move towards social and intellecpeace. To most, the result is the tual benefit. I state this not as an opinion but as a scientific fact of

experience. Since its beginning in approximately correct for a min- 1875, education, industry, medi- ute or two, but soon, in disgust, I cine and other things have had gave up the futile task and learned their place in the work of the Liv- that without a mainspring in ingstonia Mission, with the result, working order even the famous that, though some responded to watch of Greenwich-the most these influences and reached a costly watch in the world-would higher standard while in the serv- be useless and all the precautions ice of Europeans, and even when to preserve the same temperature separated from these and amid and the same barometrical prestheir old heathen surroundings SUre could not make the hands of some retained a kindly respect for that watch agree with the God- given timekeeping spheres of the the civilization to which they had universe. been introduced, still it was only The parable is true. When a those on whom the spiritual man trusts in Christ as his Saviour change had taken place, who re- and Lord, he becomes a new creatained the advancement made and ture. Sin, the middle wall of parsought to propagate it to others. tition between him and God, is While fully convinced and having broken down, and instead of fear, seen it proved by experience, that the love of God floods his heart and Christianity alone can change the illumines his life. Then it is that individual and a peopie, and hav- all schemes of social betterment, ing seen this change in thousands, intellectual and industrial develop- I gladly acknowledge the assist- ment and world peace, have a ance, good government, legitimate chance of success and stable encommerce, industry and unbroken durance because they are dependpeace can give to the advancement ent for such on the love of man for of the Kin~dom of Christ. But his brother man-to olwedience to none of them, nor all of them to- the second commandment which gether, can ever take the place of only becomes effectual after and in Christ Himself, or the salvation from sin and the new spiritual life the measure by which the first which He offers. commandment is accepted and obeyed. For the highest Authority Once, when a boy, I received a has said: "Thou shalt love the present of a superior toy watch Lord thy God with all thy heart with moveable hands. The first day I made many adjustments of and with all thy soul and with all these hands to the face of the sol- thy mind. This is the first and emn-ticking grandfather's clock great commandment; and the secwhich had been timekeeper for ond is like unto it, thou shalt love three generations. My watch was thy neighbor as thyself."

"What we need is not to have Pentecost rationalized, but realized."

"Nothing short of Pervasion of Power could have made a Fellowship of the Spirit out of that bewildered, cringing company of disciples."

"When we talk of 'perpetuating Pentecost,' we are thinking not of high-pressure moments, but of high-powered motives."

"Too many of us are looking for a punier Pentecost at a moment when we stand sorely in need of a greater."-John M. Versteeg.

A TYPICAL UNIMPROVED KOREAN

BUILDING A NEW KOREA Glimpses of Progress and Forces at Work BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON T HE "Hermit Nation" has 500,000 Japanese have settled in passed into history, and a Korea in the last twenty-five years New Korea is being built out and Chinese coolie labor is tempoof the old. Even the familiar names rarily imported. The patronage of have been changed in maps and on foreign tourists and the benefits of signboards. Korea has become foreign commerce are eagerly Chosen; Pyengyang is now Heijo; sought. Syen Chun is Sen Sen; and Seoul, A party of eighteen American the capital, is Keijo. Generally editors and their wives preceded these are Japanese translations of us in China and Korea. They were Korean characters. As the Her- well-known journalists connected mit days passed with the advent of with influential periodicals. Durforeigners and the coming of ing their five days in Korea, as Christian missionaries, so now guests of the Japanese Tourist Buwith the advent of Japanese sover- reau, they visited the beautiful eignty the old life and institutions Diamond Mountains and the capiare gradually disappearing. Rail- tal city, Keijo. Naturally, their roads and motor roads are opening hosts made sure that they would the interior; steamship lines and see and hear the things that would airplanes are bringing in foreign make the most favorable imprestravelers and commerce; telephone sion on them and on their readers and telegraph are making commu- at hOIlie. Banquets and speeches nication quick and easy. Over and visits to palaces and shrines 23

gave them glimpses of the ex- upon as one of the most fruitful ternals of Korean scenery and and promising fields-in many re- development – fro m a Japanese spects the work being. comparable viewpoint. But life on railways, in to missions in Apostolic days. But hotels and at pleasure resorts, in while there is much to encourage, shops and temples, cannot be ex- there are also in Korea today, as pected to make one understand in Palestine and Asia Minor in the conditions in Korea. first century, many difficulties to In interviews and speeches, these be overcome. One need not look editors reported "Peaceful con- far beneath the surface to discover tentment and calm; prosperous them. But these are days (J,f build- farmers and wonderful progress in ing a new Korea out of the old; agricultural development; happy difficulties and conflicts may be ex- men, women and children in the pected; they are not causes for villages and on the city streets." discouragement but are a challenge These were, perhaps, natural con- to faith and more earnest en- clusions from seeing the hard deavor.

working, picturesque farmers, in In Pyengyang, I was invited to their wide-brimmed hats, at work a Korean banquet to meet a com- in the paddy' fields. The men arid pany of Korean gentlemen. I com- women in white starched clothing promised on a "tea" as offering a and old gentlemen in transparent better opportunity for informal horsehair hat s covering "top conference and fellowship. Twelve knots," are pictUresque and pleas- men of education and standing, all ing sights. But we must look be- deeply interested in the highest neath the surface if we would un- welfare of their country and peo~ derstand Korea or any land. Here pIe, made the two hours fruitful we find unrest and a dread D,f the and delightful. We were seated, future that are destroying the shoeless and cross-legged, on the "peaceful contentment" and that matted floor, around a long table threaten Korean farmers with about a foot high, in an attractive ruin. Korean home. By way of introduc- While in Korea, it was our priv- tion, I asked each one to indicate ilege to talk with Japanese and his occupation and special inter- Koreans, missionaries and business ests. Dr. Samuel Moffat, a mis- men, journalists and pastors, men sionary who has spent forty years and women, and to read news- in Korea, interpreted and asked papers and official reports. By what their reply to the question these means we gleaned some truth would have been twenty years ago.

as to the real conditions, the diffi- They laughed and said, "We would culties and the forces concerned in all have replied that we were gen- the building of a new Chosen out tlemen of leisure." In those days, of the old Korea. this was considered more in keep- After some months spent in ing Iwith dignity. Now they an- Moslem lands, in India, Burma and swered frankly. The host was a China, all with their unrest and landed proprietor, the father of vexing problems, it was refreshing one of the best surgeons in Chosen.

to visit a land which is not claimed Another, was himself a leading to be "the most difficult field in physician with modern education Asia." Korea has long been looked and a good practice. There was

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

Kim Moksa, the famous evangelist, with the political outlook and know now almost blind but still traveling not what the future offers. The hundreds of miles in Korea and older and wiser Koreans see no Manchuria, preaching the Gospel. hope for independence but are dis- There was Pyun Moksa, pastor of contented with present conditions. the large, self-supporting Central When any disturbance occurs, the Presbyterian church in Pyeng- Japanese police tirst arrest Korean yang-a church with over 2,000 suspects and then make inquiries. members and the mother of eight- Last year, when some Japanese een other churches. Other men students made objectionable represent included two successful marks to Korean girls, the Korean dry goods merchants, a dealer in students resented it and a tight sea products, a paper merchant followed in which Japanese used and a dealer in gold. Many of knives. The police arrested the , ,j KOREAN CHlIISTIAN BUSINESS MEN WHOM THE EDI'l' OR MET IN PYENGYANG Kim Moksa stands at the right of the center and Dr. Samuel Moffett at the right, second row these men had suffered severely Koreans only, put them in jail and for their faith and all had been sought by harsh means to extort tested and had proved their loyalty confessions. Some students, under torture, acknowledged faults which to Christ. later they denied. It was difficult "What," I asked, "are some of to discover the truth.

the difficulties that hinder the The present Governor-General, progress of the Korean Church to- Baron Saito, is highly respected day?" All took part freely in the by the Koreans who believe that discussions. The gist of their re- he is endeavoring to establish plies is as follows: peace and justice; but the police are hated as suspicious, harsh and First, there are the political dil- unfair. Their occasional mistreatjiculties. The patriotic youth are ment of Koreans keeps the people restless under the rule of a foreign government. They are dissatisfied

in a state of unrest and fear. despised as traitors. The Japanese Some months ago, when Kim Moksa schools and textbooks are used to was asked by the Christian En- "Japanize" Korea and school chil- deavorers to address a large meet- dren are forced to pay homage to ing on temperance, he made an im- the Emperor's picture and even passioned plea for total abstinence. Christians are compelled to wor- "Strong drink," he said, "is the ship at Shinto shrines.

cause of many evils in Korea- Many distasteful features of poverty, loss of property, sin and Japanese rule are necessary and degeneracy. If you would be true some are beneficial to Korea; but patriots and true men, leave strong the situation creates unrest and drink alone!" discontent. The Japanese are con- "Stop! Stop!" cried the Jap- querors by force of arms, but they anese police, who are always have not yet learned how to be watching f'o'r sedition in such an "more than conquerors" by win- audience. These remarks of the ning the confidence and friendship speaker were considered dangerous of the ~oreans. One result of these because the Japanese own the conditions is that the attention of breweries and distilleries. the people is drawn from worth- "Why should I stop?" cried Pas- while religious and spiritual mat- tor Kim. "What I have said is only ters. Some have the mistaken idea the truth." that patriotism demands their "Well, be careful," replied the more earnest devotion to temporal police. and material things even th()ugh The audience needed no strong- this is to their own loss and a det~ er endorsement of the speaker's riment to the Church.

words than the opposition of the A second obstacle to Christian police. The Koreans cried out and progress in Korea is economic.

beat their breasts, many broke From an Occidental standpoint, the their clay pipes and those who had Koreans have always been poor, bottles of strong drink emptied the but not paupers. They have had c'Ontents on the ground. They to work hard for a meagre sub- vowed to become total abstainers sistence, but their life has been and to use money formerly spent simple and their wants few. Mud for drink to buy cattle and farm walls with a thatched roof for a implements. Thus, indirectly, the home, rice and beans for food, and political feeling helped the cause a few yards of cloth for clothing, of temperance. have in the past sustained life.

Koreans complain that the J ap- Today, however, the standards of anese have not only taken their living have become more compli- country, but that they are endeav- cated and their expenses have in- oring to rob them of their lan- creased, without a corresponding guage and their literature; they increase in income. The material have substituted Japanese names progress of Korea, with enlarged for Korean to designate their cities commerce and manufactUre, re- and have introduced foreign coin- forestations and large irrigation age; they have brought in foreign schemes, has impr'oved the country soldiers and police and have made without directly benefiting Ko- subordinate hireling police of im- reans. In some instances the re- poverished Koreans. These are verse is true,

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

Take the great Japanese irriga- for their secular business. Physical tion projects. The average Korean needs are so insistant that spirit- farmer owns and cultivates but a ual things suffer neglect.

few tsubo (6 feet square) of land. A third difficulty is related to All his efforts have been required education. For the past forty to raise enough rice for his im- years, Christians in Chosen have mediate necessities. Now the Jap- stressed elementary education and anese propose to tax the farmers bef(we the coming of the Japanese whose land is irrigated to pay for most of the schools, especially in the irrigation projects in ten years. country districts, were in their And they must use the irrigation ditches whether they wish to or not. This taxation, the Koreans declare, will absorb all the profits from their farms and they will be Q·bliged to sell or mortgage them.

It is a confiscatory project. Jap- anese bankers and the Japanese Development Company are ready to loan money to Japanese but not to Koreans, except at excessive in- terest. Thus, the Koreans declare, two-thirds of the farm lands will be in the hands of the Japanese in a few years. If the payments eould be extended over a period of thirty years the farms might be saved- and the farmers also.

The Koreans also find it difficult to compete with Japanese in busi- ness for they have no modern methods or experience in foreign trade.

This e con 0 m i c situation is threatening the churches. The A BURDEN BEARER IN KOREA Christians have been taught to be thrifty and to give generously. hands. The Japanese have sought Most of their churches are self- to control the educational system supporting. Now parents find it and to secularize it. Mission difficult to educate their children, schools were required to make at- and church members to support tendance at religious exercises vol- their pastors. F'or some years untary and to take the Bible out of Christians have devoted much time the curriculum. Some missions to Bible study and Christian work, yielded to this demand, but the giving many days a year to per- Presbyterians declined to carryon sonal evangelism of their non- school work if the new regulations Christian neighbors. Now eco- were enforced. The Japanese nomic pressure makes this more wisely agreed not to press the let- difficult. There is also an increased ter of the law and most of the temptation to use the Lord's Day schools continue to teach the Bible

as before. Some are recognized by increased and an anti-Christian the government, but pupils in un- spirit is fostered.

recognized schools suffer handi- Forces for Building caps in preparing for go,vernment positions. All this directly affects the One of the chief complaints is growth and the health of the Chris- that Japanese schools discriminate tian Church, which at one time against Koreans-especially Chris- gave promise of being the dom- tians or any who have been con- inant influence in Korea. Truly nected wit h the Independence this is not the most difficult field Movement. While the Japanese in Asia, but there are still many have temporized in the matter of obstinate obstacles to be overcome religious education in missi{)n in the name and power of Christ.

schools, they are known to look These obstacles offer a challenge to with disfavor on Christian educa- the Christian Church for Korea is tion. Christian students from mis- a field of great opportunity and of sion schools find it difficult to gain rich promise. The people are un- admission to Japanese universities usually susceptable to the teach- and technical schools. Parents are ings and the Spirit of Christ and therefore tempted to send their the forces that are with us are children to government institu- stronger than those that are tions where they receive no Chris- against us.

tian instruction and may even be 1. To spend a Sunday in a city u n d e r anti-Christian influences. like Pyengyang is an inspiration.

There is danger that this may les- It was our privilege to make a sen the high respect which Ko- round of visits to many of the reans today hold for the Church Church and Sunday-school serv- and other Christian institutions. ices in this "Christian Capital" of A fourth difficulty is found in Korea. We could not even catch a the present general social and re- glimpse of all the services, for ligious situation. Intemperance, there are over twenty Presbyterian the social evil and other sins have churches alone, besides man y always been present in Korea-as strong Methodist congregations.

elsewhere–but they were growing At the West Gate church, it was less and less respectable under very impressive to see an audience Christian influence. Unfortunately, of five hundred men and women in with the advent of the Japanese, their white, yellow, pink or purple these evils have increased. More garments, looking like a field of intoxicants have I:leen imported lilies, daffodils, roses and hya- and licensed prostitute quarters cinths. All had removed their have been established in several shoes and were seated cross-legged cities. Added temptations have on the clean grass matting. The been put in the way of the youth women were on one side and the and many are not strong enough men on the other. Children and to resist. Imposing Shinto shrines young people meet at a separate have been established, like that on hour. No more reverent and at- the mountain overlooking Seoul; tentive audience could be found in ancestral worship is linked with any land. With bowed heads, they emperor worship; atheistic and joined in prayer; with open Bibles communistic literature has greatly they followed the Scripture read-

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

ing or exposition; with one accord prompted. New pupils from nonthey joined heartily in the songs Christian homes are placed in a of praise. separate class until they have at- tended four successive Sundays In the room below was gathered, and can be cle&ned and classified. at the same time, a junior audi- The earnest, reverent, Church-wide ence. The Presbyterian churches Bible work is one of the secrets of hold their preaching services in the strength and growth of Christhe afternoon, some of the congre- tianity in Korea. Among a popugations being so large as to neces- lation of 19,000,000, there are over sitate adults and young people 2,000 Presbyterian churches alone, besides almost as many Methodist meeting at different hours. In the mornings, the Presby- PART OF A SUNDAY MORNING AUDIENCE IN 'l'HE CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, PYENGYANG, KOREA terian churches hold their large and independent congregations. schools for Bible study in three The total number of Protestant sections. Men, women and young church members is over 300,000, people take their turns in filling with as many more adherents. the large churches and in caring for the home and small children. 2. Another sign of strength and The sight of these large Sunday- secret of growth of the Korean schools diligently engaged in Bible Church is the way in which Chrisstudy set an example to churches tians witness to their unbelieving in America. Many of the girls neighbors. Believers have been and women carried placid little taught that it is the duty and black-haired, olive-skinned babies privilege of every Christian to be strapped on tlieir backs, Korean a witness; one of the requirements fashion. These infants practically for Church membership is that never cried; they slept or nod- the candidate shall have already ded, smiled or nursed as nature sought to lead some unbeliever to Christ. Many new congregations

have been formed in towns and vil- tians. In Pyengyang and other lages never visited by an ordained cities and towns the shops of pastor, evangelist or missionary. Christians can be distinguished Some of the regular means used from those of non-Christians by to s pre a d the Gospel and to the fact that they are closed on strengthen the Church are: evan- Sunday and the shutters are up.

gelistic itineration and revival Non – attendance at church is a campaigns; Bible classes and in- cause for discipline, and if con- stitutes held for from two to ten tinued without good reason leads weeks in various churches; Chris- to suspension. In the present cam- tian work in schools, colleges and paign, some of those so disciplined hospitals; and special Bible courses have been restored to the church in higher Bible schools, theological and have expressed their joy in seminaries and medical schools. their return to the fold.

A special church-wide evangel- 3. Another source of strength to istic campaign is now in progress the Church in Korea is the fact throughout Korea. that pastors consider their congre- The objectives are: gations not merely their field for 1. To doubl,e church attendance. CUltivation, but their force for 2. To double church membership. service. Requirements for church 3. To increase the number of in- offices include not only a blameless quirers. life, but evidence that the candi- 4. To increase attendance at Sun- date rules well his own household; day-schools. that he knows the catechism and 5. To promote Bible classes and rules of church government; can Bible institutes. read Korean and Chinese and is able and ready to pray and preach 6. To promote family worship in acceptably. If the wife of a church the homes. officer becomes involved in a scan- dal or if one of his children mar- 7. The church-wide observance of ries an unbeliever, that is sufficient the Lord's Day. cause for his resignation. He 8. Every church member a witness for Christ.

9. Every Christian a Bible student.

10. To promote Christian steward- should be able to exert a stronger ship in the use of time, talents and influence in his o,wn household if money. he is worthy to rule lin the Church For the evangelistic meetings, of God. It would be interesting to cards were distributed to church apply these tests to church officers members. These are good for ad- in America!

mission only when the member is In the building of a new Korea accompanied by a non-Christian. out of the old there are many This insures an audience at least forces at work. Chiefly, they are 50 per cent unevangelized and en- two-as has been intimated-the lists Christians as personal work- Japanese government and the ers. Already many churches re- Christian Church. These should port a gain in all objectives and not be antagonistic but supplemen- some have already doubled or tary. The Japanese are develop- tripled their membership. ing the material resources, pro- Sunday observance and regular moting sanitation, he a I t hand church attendance are both strong- education. They are responsible ly stressed among Korean Chris- for peace and security, for justice

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

and laws, and for international re- of the Word of God. The Bible lations. In most of these directions must be studied and understood they are showing commendable and its teachings followed if a efficiency. Where they fall short Church is to live and grow. Ko- seems to be in their lack of sym- rean Christians accept it literally.

pathy and understanding of the They fully believe that the Lord Koreans. Most officials tend to today, in answer to the prayer of treat them as inferiors and seek to faith, heals the sick. They still transform them into Japanese too cast out demons in the Name and hastily and harshly. They show a Power of Christ; they follow New lack of appreciation for Korean Testament standards more closely history and institutions and over- than mnst western Churches in the look the value of religious teaching observance of the Lord's Day, in -especially the blessings that have the examination of candidates for come through Christ and His Gos- baptism, in the selection of church pel. officers, and in the rules for church The other great factnr in the discipline.

building of the new Korea is the If these standards are not to be mis8iooory movement. This has lowered and are to be intelligent- meant the establishment of schools ly followed and understood, the and colleges, h 0 s pit a I sand church leaders must be carefully churches, the distribution of Bibles trained as teachers and overseers and Christian literature, work fnr of the flock. Today, few of the lepers and the farmers. The Agri- pastors are college graduates. They cultural Institute under Mr. Dex- are assisted by "helpers" who have ter N. Lutz, a Presbyterian mis- had Bible training and evangelistic sionary at Pyengyang, conducts an experience. There is great need experimental farm, carries on ex- for a better educated ministry and periments in soil improvement, for more of these Bible trained fertilizers and seeds, provides agri- "helpers." Ordained pastors are cultural courses for students, holds trained in the Presbyterian Sem- institutes for farmers, and trains inary in Pengyang and in the picked men to go out and conduct Methodist Seminary in Sea u I .

similar institutes in their own dis- Helpers, Bible women and church tricts. Since 80 per cent of the officers are trained in short-term population is engaged in tilling the institutes and in Bible schools.

soil, this work is of far-reaching In the winter of 1911, Dr. Ar- importance. Indirectly, it is vitally thur T. Pierson visited Korea and related to the growth of a strong, was deeply impressed with the self-supporting, independent, mis- apostolic character of the work sionary Church. and the opportunity before the Perhaps the most characteristic Church. Conferences with mis- feature of the Korean Christianity sinnaries led him to desire earnest- has been its devotion to the Bible ly to help strengthen the Bible and whole hearted acceptance of training among people that were its teachings as the divinely given eager for it. Soon after he returned rule of faith and life. In every to America, he was called Home, Mission field, power and perma- but his family and friends united nence in. Christian life have been to carry out his purpose by estab- in proportion to such acceptance lishing the Pierson Memorial Bible

School in Seoul, the capital. This several traveled on foot to various school is based on Jesus Christ as parts of the country to do evanthe Son of God and Saviour of gelistic work. men, and the Bible as the inspired Word of God. The School has now As we studied the needs of the been in operation for over fifteen Korean Church for more trained years. In it are cooperating the Bible leaders, and learned of the Nor the r n Presbyterians, the opportunities for preaching the Northern and Southern Methodists Gospel, saw the earnestness of the and the Canadian Presbyterians Koreans in Bible study and the (now, United Church of Canada). eagerness of these young men to The Principal of the School is the prepare for Christian service, we Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, a Pres- were deeply convinced of the imbyterian missionary, and at the portant place that such a Bible time of our visit there were forty- school can fill in the program of three students. Eleven were grad- Christ, as a "School of the Prophuated last year, of whom three ets" in Korea. were Methodists and eleven Presbyterians. They came from eight It is not the purpose of this of the thirteen provinces and all Bible school, or that at Taiku, to planned to enter Christian service. fill the place of a theological semi- Two are now in the Theological nary. This need is at present sup- Seminary in Pyengyang, and their plied in Seoul by the Methodists and in Pyengyang by the Presbyconsecration and ability are highly terians. It is more in line with commended by the faculty. some Bible institutes in America and is designed; We were greatly impressed with the earnestness and high purpose 1. To train unordained church of the pupils of this Bible School. workers. Many are of high calibre as men and as Christians. Some had trav- 2. To give special Bible instructiQn eled long distances on foot, one and practical experience to students hundred miles or more, to attend not ready to enter the seminary. the School. Tl1ey could not afford the price of even a third-class rail- 3. To conduct short term classes way ticket. Most of them were and institutes for men and women of living on a minimum allowance for the Seoul Station. food and clothing, with none of the comforts–much less the lux- 4. To provide classes for laymen in uries–enjoyed by seminary and church leadership. Bible institute students in America. Yet they were cheerful and 5. To offer night classes for Sununcomplaining and were happy to day"school teachers and others. walk several miles to save carfare that had been given them, in order 6. To give practical courses in perto put the money in a fund for sonal evangelistic work. summer evangelism. Practically all of the students spend a part of 7. To offer musical instruction for their time in evangelistic work, choruses and leaders of church music. Bible teaching and preaching in This is a large program which the SeOUl district. Last summer is not now covered by any school in Korea. To carry it out will re- quire increased support from America and from Korea. The Church on the field is having a hard struggle to maintain its standard of self-support and pov- erty makes it impossihle for stu-

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

dents to meet the full cost of tui- training schools will be a great loss tion and board. None of the Chris- to the Church. tian colleges, seminaries or Bible institutes even in America are self- "T h i r d, the sympathy and supporting-much less can we ex- prayers of the Christians in Amerpect th~s today in Korea. The need ica." is vital and the opportunity is great. If the challenge is accepted, To the question "How can Chris- American Christians who believe tians at home be of greatest help to Christians in Korea?" some pas- tors in Taiku replied: THE FACULTY AND STUDENTS OF PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL, SEOUL Mr. Anderson, principal; is seated next to the ('dltor in the secolld row and Mrs. Anderson to t11e Jeft of Mrs. Pierson in evangelical biblical training for 1. "By considering Koreans as the Koreans must accept it and truly brothers and sisters in Christ provide additional support. and by giving brotherly help in this time of need. To the question: "What is the greatest need in Korea today?" the . 2. "By 'sending more mission- Christian laymen in Pyengyang aries, filled with the love of Christ answered: and faith in the word of God, to help train our church leaders. "First, fair and impartial treatnwnt; an opportunity to' earn an 3. "By prayerful andsympahonest living and to live an honest thetic support of our efforts to life. build up the Church of Christ in Korea." "Second, Christian education. For this, Koreans need contimted Will you accept this challenge help. Any decrease in the number and help to carry out this proof Christian schools or in the sup- gram? It is a program for building port of Christian colleges and aNew Chrisitan Korea.

3

THE CHURCH OFFERS MEN*

A Message to the People of the United States from One Hundred American Clergymen T HE Church of Jesus Christ offers to men an authentic message concerning God which leads to the secret of all worth-while living. It recognizes the universal human hunger for God, and the possibility of communion with Him. It reveals God as a living, Personal Force. It offers a partnership with God. . . .

The Church offers acquaintanceship with the great men of the past. In the lives of prophets and heroes and in the life of Jesus Christ, the Church holds up the ideals by which character and achievement may be measured. In the call to help build the Kingdom of God on earth, the· Church presents the purpose which gives deeper meaning to everything men do. It releases through human lives the transforming power of God. It gives men a long view of life. . . .

The Church offers a fellowship with the great host of believers throughout the world. It gives an opportunity to work with other men fo,r the cultivation of the spiritual life and for increasing the stock of goodness in the world. It offers membership in an organization which thinks in terms of world relations. It is the oldest and most honorable institution in existence. . . .

The Church offers a comradeship of worshippers. While it urges private devotion, it brings men together so that they may receive the inspiration which comes from united worship; and to this end it provides a vast storehouse of aids so that men may "practice the presence of God." This comradeship is the greatest brotherhood in existence. . .

The Church offers to men the most inspiring task in the world. It gives them a view of life which lifts them out of themselves and relates them to vast purposes. It has a world-wide program of social adjustment, sanctioned and empowered by religion. It offers modern men a fighting chance in the great struggle to improve the conditions of life here on earth. It asks men to devote their best talents, their keenest wisdom, and their highest genius in helping tOo make this world what it ought to be. . . .

The Church offers comradeship with Jesus Christ in all the affairs of life. It gives men a clear understanding of the mind of Christ. It is through Him that we come to know God. The steady discipline of intimate friendship with Jesus Christ results in men becoming like Him.

The Church offers to men a solution of the problem of sin. It gives comfort and strength when trials come and sorrows weigh upon the heart, an enlargement of life's meaning, guidance in life's endeavors, and an assurance of life's outcome. It offers a message of courage and hope, the gift of wisdom in times of pe:r,;plexity, the assura nce of perfect peace, emancipation from ignorance through the truth which makes all men free, and the power of eternal life.

• From the HFact Book" of the Home lfissions CongreHS, Wnshington, D. C.

34

SUPPORT HOME MISSIONS*

BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

CHANGES in social and indus- fortunate result is the building up trial realms, changes in pub- in the minds of church constitulic thinking, changes in the encies of a thoroughly misleading home missionary program itself, idea of what the home missionary and the startling fact of an annual program is, with a consequent decline in missionary receipts in tendency to defeat the program it- an era of unprecedented national self. The sympathy motive is a prosperity and actual increase in dangerous motive to rely upon.

giving along certain other lines, are !FEAR-Another motive which factors in a situation which makes has been used is fear. We have it well-nigh mandatory for us to stated deliberately that unless we examine the motives undergirding Christianize certain groups they the home missionary enterprise would paganize us. There has and to consider those conditions in been and still is considerable truth the churches which help or hinder in such a statement and the appeal home missionary support. is an effective one. For example, SYMPATHY-The appeal to sym- can organized society continue to pathy is one which quickly brings exist in our great cities and will a response and that appeal has life or property be safe if we conbeen used widely. Few things tinue to raise up generations of have done more to stir the heart youth to become gangmen and gun- and reach the pocketbooks of men with thoroughly antisocial atchurch members than photographic titudes when adequate church pro- or verbal pictures of mountaineer grams might have built entirely log cabins, Negro shacks and con- different conceptions into the lives gested city tenements. Human erf the same individuals? The fear nature responds quickly to such motive is probably an unfortunate presentations. There is reason to motive to use when it refers to par- believe, however, that the sym- ticular racial or national groups pathyappeal has nearly served its since it does a marked injustice to day in home missions. To be sure, the members of that group who there are still plenty of poor peo- are taking their place in the com- ple in America but the proportion munity as purposeful and useful is much smaller than in the past Christians, and it creates wI-o·ng and to continue this appeal tends attitudes even toward less worthy to break down the self-respect of members of such groups. How- the people who might be included ever, it is well for our supporting in such groups or to prejudice constituencies to face frankly and them against the Church itself frequently the possible results of since they come to feel that they living in communities or in a na- are being exploited foro publicity tion where the work now done by purposes rather than assisted from national home-missionary agencies Christian motives. An equally un- is neglected.

*' From the Report ()f n committee of the SELF-INTEREST – Missions have Nntinnul Home Missions Congress. sometimes been promoted on the 35

assurance that the Christian re- of religion into the life of the ligion promotes community and young people of the nation. Much national well-being; it tends to in- of the appeal of the Near East pro- crease a person's wants, to build gram, which kept the attention of up reliability of character, to pro- American people for years, grew mote interest in community enter- out, not merely of the fact of hu- prises, and in general to make life man hunger, but of the fact that easier and more prosperous. Just the people who were hungry were as it is an advantage for an indi- boys and girls. Surely there is no vidual to purchase a home in a more legitimate appeal and pos- community supplied with churches, sibly no more effective appeal for so it is an advantage to live in a the promotion of home-missionary nation where other communities interest than the things which the are supplied with churches. This home-missionary enterprise has motive is not the most compelling. done, is doing, and ought to do for CHRISTIAN DUTy-It is quite boys and girls.

clear that Christ had a program of SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL SALVA- expansion for His followers and TION-The main motive on which that He sent His disciples out to the home missionary enterprise carryon this work of expansion. must depend is the abounding con- He had some very decided ideas fidence that only in Jesus Christ about the outreach of His kingdom can the individual and society es- and issued urgent exhortations to cape sin and degradation and find His followers for carrying on His complete fulfillment of life. In work. To many loyal Christians other words, the home missionary the conviction that the missionary enterprise is based upon a pro- enterprise is a continuation of the found conviction of the worth- program launched by Jesus him- whileness of the Christian religion self is sufficient warrant for their in the life of the individual and the participation in it. nation and of the effectiveness of LOVE OF CHILDREN-One of the the Christian Church as the media- most effective appeals which the tor of Jesus Christ and His re- home-missionary enterprise has to- ligion to the lives of men.

day is the challenge of the boys and THE CHALLENGE-To those of girls of America. An amazing us who believe that Jesus Christ, amount of home missionary work the founder and exponent of Chris- is actually done with boys and girls tianity, is man's chief need, that and the volume of such work is fullness of life can be found only steadily increasing. Almost every in Him, and that personal morality home missionary enterprise has its and social righteousness must find Sunday school or its classes, its its basis in the- religion which He clubs, its week-day religious in- taught, there can be no more in- struction, its daily vacation church spiring task than that of going out school, and other related activities. to enlist the wealth of the nation Much of the money which goes into and the rising flood of young life home missionary churches is for in the challenging task of making equipment to serve boys and girls available to all the communities of and there is no reason why the America the Christian privileges missionary enterprise cannot cap- which some communities now en- italize this appeal for the building joy.

RELIGION STOP WAR?*

BY DR. HENRY A. ATKINSON Secretary of the World Oon!crence !or International Peace ThrQugh ReUyian T HE eleven great religious religions and religious groupings systems – Christian, Jewish, of mankind. A World Conference Moslem, Buddhist, Confucian- is to be held. The purpose as ist, Shintoist, Taoist, Hindu, Zoras- agreed upon at the conference of trian, Sikh, and Jain-are organiz- 1928 states: ing themselves for a joint endeavor Purposes of Conference to establish world peace and outlaw war. Quietly under way since Peace is one of the loftiest positive 1924, the effort will reach the full aims of united human endeavor. Spirestate of a world movement in itual in its very nature and implicit 1932 when these faiths, and many in the teachings of all religions, it of the minor religions, will convene was this aim which inspired the in a World Conference for Interna- Church Peace Union to set on foot the tional Peace through Religion. movement that has now taken form in a resolve to hold a World Conference Can the reliirions of the world of all religions. Of this Conference prevent war? They have been used the sole purpose will be to rouse and to direct the religious impulses of huto make war, and certainly no one manity against war in a constructive who knows history or keeps up world-wide effort to achieve peace. with current events can dispute the statement that to seek to pre- The World Conference designs neivent war is one of the noblest en- ther to set up a formal league of reterprises into which the religious ligions, nor to compare the relative leadership of the world can enter. values of faith, nor to espouse any It seems a wild dream to try to political, ecclesiastical, or theological or social system. Its specific objects bring together the religious lead- will be: ers for such a purpose; but when, 1. To state the highest teachings in September, 1928, there came to of each religion on peace and the Geneva from the ends of the earth causes of war.

some 200 delegates representing 2. To record the efforts of religious the eleven major religions of hu- bodies in furtherance of peace. manity and five or six of the smaller religious groups, thousands of 3. To devise means by which men people began to say, "Perhaps this of all religious faiths may work tothing can be done after all." A gether to remove existing obstacles to program of action was agreed upon peace; to stimulate international coand efforts set on foot to form a operation for peace and the triumph World Committee of a thousand of right; to secure international jus- tice, to increase goodwill, and thus to bring about in all the world a fuller persons drawn from the various realization of the brotherhood of men.

4. To seek opportunities for con- "The Conference referred to in this I1rticle certed action among the adherents of Is not a conference of religions or on religion. all religions against the spirit of vio- It will not jnvolve comparisons or imply lence and the things that make for equality. No religion w!11 be officially repre- strife_ sented or be reapoDsiblf!: for anything that is said or done. It is not a conference of or for Per-suaded that this high purpose religion at all, but a conference for protest will move devoted hearts and minds against war and the adl"ocacy of international peace by individual men and women of all re~ ligious faiths.-A. J. B.

87

everywhere, the preliminary gathering Wadia; in China, Dr. Hu Shih and at Geneva has app'Ointed a c'Ommittee Dr. Chen Huan Chang; in Japan, t'O prepare f'Or the W'Orld C'Onference, Prof. Tomoeda and Dr. Anesaki, S'O that w'Orld-wide coordination 'Of re- and hundreds of others equally ligi'Ous endeav'Or may help t'Owards the well known. All have agreed to take full establishment 'Of peace among a place on the Committee and are men. working for this great purpose.

Four International Commissions If you ask the average man this have been set up: one to make a question: "Can religion prevent study of the influences in the world war?" he will say, "No." He that make for war, the second to knows religions better by their opmake a complete survey of the position than by their constructive spiritual resources of mankind agreements. To him religion is with which these influences can be a fighting force–Catholic and met, the third to make a survey of Protestant, Jew and Arab, Hindu the efforts now being made by the and Moslem, Lutheran and Calvinvarious religious agencies and their ist, Methodist and Baptist. These adherents throughout the world to very names signify opposing further interracial and interna- forces. How can you bring the tional understanding and peace, broken fragments of a fighting and the fourth to formulate a pro- army into a well-ordered regimentgram by which the spiritual re- ed movement for peace? sources of mankind can be set in motion, coordinated, and directed Religion's Warlike Past to bear upon the causes of war. The historian will agree with the Leaders 'Of M'Ovement average man in saying that religion cannot prevent war. Wars in the Men eminent in the field of eco- past have been largely fought nomics, education, science, sociol- either for religion or by the aid of ogy, literature, art, and religion religion. From the earliest time have accepted places as members man built his altar over against the of these Commissions. When the altar of his neighbor. Religion alreports are completed they will be ways has been a divisive factor in published and distributed, and be- human affairs. It is well known come the basis of discussion when that the troubles in Ireland were the World Conference meets. aggravated by the religion of the people. The same is true in India The Conference calls for a joint where every person has some kind presidency of six, of whom five of religion and everything is conhave already been appointed-Dr. nected in some way with religion; S. Parkes Cadman of the United where every act of life must con- States, Dr. Albert Einstein of Ger- form to some religious ceremony, many, Dr. Rabindranath Tagore custom or prejudice. The 320,000,- of India, Baron Saketani of Japan, 000 people in India represent not and the Lord Bishop of Liverpool, so many individuals but various England. Among the Vice-Presi- communities determined by their dents are leaders widely known religious beliefs and affiliations. from all the nations and all religious faiths: in India, Mahatma By its very definition religion Gandhi, Dr. Ansari, Prof. Rad- binds man back to his God, but in hakrishna, Teja Singh, and Prof. its activities it seems to divide him

CAN RELIGION STOP WAR?

from his fellow men. The Father- commercial advantages. Behind hood of God is a doctrine much the forcible conversion to Chriseasier to accept as an article of tianity of the nations and the faith than the universal brother- sword of the conquerors, was the hood of man, if one is to judge by grim figure of the Emperor who, practical results. Religion has al- through his priests, baptised in ways identified itself with race and the name of the Father, Son, and national aspirations. Every war the Holy Ghost and took over new that was every fought has had the lands in the name of the Imperial active support of religion and Crown. The cross erected over the many wars may be considered newly built church matched the purely religious. This is what the flag of the conqueror proudly flyhistorian will tell you. ing over the newly built garrison.

Few Purely Religious Wars The clash between Jew and Arab in Palestine and the recent de- However, in spite of common ex- plorable riots and savage slaughter perience and historical evidence, I are not the result of religious conam sure that a deeper study of his- troversy or rivalry. There is no tory will convince anyone that quarrel between the Arab and the there have been few purely reli- Jewish citizen. Zionism is not ingious wars; that is, wars fought terested in maintaining the synasolely for religion and in the in- gogue over against the mosque; in terests of religion. The Moslem fact, many of the Zionist colonies armies went out ostensibly to con- have no synagogue. The Wailing vert the Christian world to the Wall is merely incidental. The Moslem faith, but behind that clash is between a conquering movement was the desire and the minority gradually becoming domidetermination to build up a great nant and a static majority that world empire. It was national ag- feels its helplessness in Palestine gression using religious enthusi- and its kinship to the larger quesasm. The Crusades, pictured as a tion involved in a pan-Arab state. religious enterprise, was the Holy The interests of Arabia, Egypt, War par excellence. Christian na- Syria, Transylvania, and Iraq are tions joined forces to rescue the being fought out in Palestine. Holy Sepulchre from the hands of the Saracens. But behind this re- Religion Affects All Human Life ligious motive was a deeper onethe greed of the West and the belief The religions of the world reprethat a pathway could be opened up sent the one interest most nearly between its capitals and the great universal that affects human life. centers of wealth in the Far East. There are many forms of worship and practice, for no tribe has ever It was this restless movement been found, even in the most rethat lay at the beginning of the mote parts of the world, without Renaissance and was behind the some religious faith. Religion is great explorers. It was this that one of the most powerful influences sent adventurers out to the ends of upon people and one of the most the earth, and it was this same far reaching, for it penetrates to spirit that discovered America- every action of the individual. Can religion utilized for trade and gov- these religions be organized into ernmental enterprises as well as an effective instrument to fight

against those things that make for peace. Either the eleven living remisunderstanding and discord and ligions can cooperate to put an end cooperate in developing a sense to war, or else war will put an end of spiritual oneness, a world-wide to modern governments and the friendship that will make effective religions that now dominate huevery plan and effort toward the manity will be cast aside as the establishment of a warless world? useless appendages of an outgrown The Paris Peace Pact has by de- past. cree outlawed war. It now remains to be outlawed in fact. Legal pro- Can Religion Stop War? hibitions never accomplish more than the people are willing that This question was recently adthey should accomplish. dressed to the editor. He replied: War will not be outlawed until Yes, if it is the right kind of religion the men and women of all nations and if its followers truly understand it see to it that it is outlawed. The and intelligently apply it. One of the god of war is too strongly en- most hopeful signs of the times is the trenched to be driven from his fort- growing conviction that war and Christ ress by harsh words, nor will the are utterly incompatible. Briand-Kellogg Pact and the other instruments of peace, by making But the answer to the question cannot faces at him, give him any uneasi- stop here. How can religion stop war? ness. Just as long as diplomacy What method shall it adopt? At this follows the old lines of intrigue point there is wide difference of opinion. and self-interest and depends upon We need to realize more adequately that force to make right its demands, the elimination of war is a by product. whether they be just or not, wars Something else must be secured first, will continue. Until there is a and then the desired result will logically new spirit born in the hearts of and naturally follow. That something people and the spirit of peace else is the spirit of human brotherhood, an international friendship which will itself felt in the official govern- dispel the fears and suspicions and mental circles, the nations will con- prejudices and misunderstandings and tinue to arm and by their display hatreds from which wars spring. of force provoke the wars which they will then be compelled to fight. It is the specific function of religion The creation of such a spirit is a to create this spirit. Laws and treaties, real religious task. Never once up the World Court and the League of Nato the present has an effort been tions are indispensable to give effect to made to bring together the re- it. Religious men and women in .their ligions of the world to mould them capacity as citizens should support these into a weapon against war itself. agencies. But the special field in which religion should operate is not the ante- Religion can abolish war. The chambers of politicians but the pulpit, religions of the world can make the the platform, the press, and the consigning of the Briand-Kellogg Pact ference round table. Nations whose peo- ples respect and trust one another will the most significant event that has settle their differences by peaceful means. ever transpired in the history of But there will be no end to wars until the law of love supersedes the law of mankind. the jungle. Treaties cannot create that If the religious instincts of hu- love. They can only register its dic- tates after religion has created it. manity can be mobilized for war, surely they can be organized for A. J. B.

A PRAYER Lord God, of might inconceivable, of glory incomprehensible, of mercy im- measurable, of benignity ineffable, do Thou, 0 Master, look down upon us in Thy tender love, and show forth towards us and those who pray with us, Thy rich mercies and compassions.-St. Chrysos- tom.

STATESMEN MEET

WASHINGTON An Editorial Review of the Recent Home Missions Congress of North America T HE magnitude, importance general Home Missions Congress, and problems of the Home gathering together representatives Missions' task has never been of the whole Protestant Church and set forth so fully and so forcefully studying the task in its entirety. as at the Home Missions Congress It was not a popular gathering to which met in Calvary Baptist reach the uninterested but was a church, Washington, D. C., during deliberative conference of workers the first five days of December. It to study the situation-its needs, was important in its numbers and its faults, its methods and its rerepresentation. The. eight hun- sponsibilities. Some day soon dred or more delegates represented there should be a more popular twenty-eight Protestant bodies and more widely representative that include in their membership gathering to present home mistwo thirds of the Protestant Chris- sions in a way to compel attention tians of the United States and and enlist more general coopera- Canada. . The officers were Dr. tion-as was done for foreign mis- Charles L. White, President; Mrs. sians by the Ecumenical Confer- Orrin R. Judd and Rev. Walter L. ence in New York in 1900. Lingle, Vice-Presidents; Dr. Wil- The Congress was important, liam R. King, Executive Secretary, and should be epoch-making, beand Rev. Herman N. Morse, Coun- cause of the care and completeness selor. Leading home missionaries that marked the preparation and and executives, active pastors, lay- free, frank and factual discussions. men and women constituted the The Data Book, prepared in admembership of the Conference. vance, is a masterpiece in the clear- The Congress was held and the ness with which it sets forth the plans were made under the auspi- main facts and features of the ces of the Home Missions Council, home mission task. The Congress the Council of Women for Home was divided daily into groups for Missions, and the Federal Council the careful discussion of the subof Churches of Christ in America. divisions of the work-(l) scope, The chief lack noticeable was in :ftnances, equipment and administhe absence of any number of rep- tration; (2) promotion objectives, resentatives of young people who methods and means; (3) comity should be interested and trained and cooperation – its principles, for the task before the Church. failures and progress; (4) person- The Congress was important be- nel and recruiting, with the enlistcause of its uniqueness and pur- ment and training of workers; pose. The foreign mission enter- (5) the city and new Americansprise has had numerous great and their special problems and the inclusive gatherings – Liverpool, solution; (6) the town and coun- London, New York, Edinburgh, try, with suburban and rural Jerusalem-but this was the first churches, Southern Mountaineers 41

and their needs; (7) the American Council, in the clarion call-uNo Indians, their present and future; community neglected, no mission- (8) the Jews in America and how ary work duplicated, no mission- to win them to Christ; (9) the ary funds wasted; all studying the West Indies-Porto Rico, Cuba, work of each, each working for the Haiti, Dominican Republic and the success of all; progress by reci- Virgin Islands; (10) the Negroes procity; spiritual conquest through in America and the problem of Christian cooperation."

race-relations; (1:1) Spa n ish The findings of the Congress, as Americans, Asiatics and migrant reported and discussed in the last groups; (12) the Mormons today session, represent the best thought and what should be done for them; of the best minds engaged in the (13) Alaska and its missions. task of giving Christ and His Gos- Each of these topics was discussed pel to Americans. This document in separate group meetings led by may well form the basis for futUre those who have had experience plans and policies. If the facts and are leaders in their respective presented are accepted and the fields. Each group presented their program recommended is carried conclusions in "Findings" which out by all the Home Mission agen- may well be' taken as an inspiring cies, a new era will dawn for guide for future endeavors. America and for the world. Is it The Congress was remarkable too much to hope? It is not too for its spirit, definite purpose and much to attempt in the name and emphasis. Three things stood out spirit of Christ and in the Power clearly in practically every discus- of God.

sion-not only in general meetings EXTRACTS FROM THE FINDINGS guided by the officers, but in each For a century the church in sub-group. First, the prime im- America labored under the convicportance of presenting Christ and tion that it must expand and press His Gospel to every American and the hopelessness of any other on. If that sense of imperative Power for the saving of America; need has been lost we must recresecond, the need for closer, mote ate it in the Church.

perfect cooperation among all I. DEFINITION-The home mis- Christian forces in working with- sion task of the Church may be deout rivalry or waste of men and fined as the effort, in the spirit of money in every field and enter- Christ and in fulfilment of His prise; third, the need for fuller great commission, to win to Chrisconsecration of men and means~ tian discipleship the people of and more loyal and complete obedi- North America and to Christianize ence to Christ as the great Head of the life of our nations.

the Church. The emphasis on these More specifically, we conceive points was in itself a great encour- that the task of Home Missions in- agement and was helped forward cludes these objectives: by the daily devotional services led 1. To win men and women to by Dr. Henry C. Swearingen. discipleship of Jesus Christ, to The keynote of advance was unite them with other disciples in sounded at the opening service by the fellowship of the Christian Dr. Charles L. White, retiring Church, and to educate them for president of the Home Missions worship and service at home and

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

abroad by helping them to discover ation and unity will be an empty and to accept for themselves and gain unless He vitalizes it.

for society at large the full conse- How shall this deeper experience quences of Christian discipleship. be attained? Just as the early dis- 2. To make the church available ciples attained it. They followed to those sections of America which Him. They learned from Him.

lack its ministry. " Their lives were a daily experi- 3. To supply adequate church mentation in His way of living. . .

leadership where the work of the In like manner we shall find that present church is unsuccessful or He saves us from disillusionment inadequate. and despair by giving us His own 4. In the case of handicapped or radiance and we, too, will dare to retarded areas or underprivileged take Him into every problem and groups, to assist -in providing those need that lies athwart the nations.

institutions and services which are III. GENERAL CONSlDERATIONS- the necessary elements of a Chris- The romance of Home Missions tian standard of living to the end should not be obscured and the self- that the Christian community life effacing spirit of the home mission- may be developed. ary and the dignity of his work 5. To bring the Christian im- should not remain unrecognized or pulse to bear upon the broad social unappreciated. Home m iss ion and civic "questions of our day. work today as in all the years that II. MESSAGE-Nineteen hundred have passed, demands qualities of years ago a band of men went out courage, patience and self-sacrifice and transformed the world under comparable to those exemplified in the conviction that "Neither is any other phases of Christian serv- there salvation in any other for ice.

there is none other name under The mission school has been de- heaven given among men whereby veloped to meet a particular need we must be saved." This convic- in . areas where adequate educa~ tion was born out of a great per- tional facilities were not available.

sonal experience. Christ had made . . . It is the intention of home their lives pageants of triumph in missions to supplement rather than Him. . . . to substitute for the responsibilities The conviction that Christ is suf- of the State in education.

ficient for meeting the problems of A similar criterion is involved in collective life in North America the valuation of institutions like must likewise come from a great the hospital and the community personal experience of Him. . . . house.

If He means enough to a sufficient The development of the church number of men and women in and of other agencies of religious North America, the entire life of nurture is a basic concern of home our nations can be changed and the missions.

problems that seem too overwhelm- In dealing with racial groups of ing can be solved. alien origin, while we would recog- Throughout this Congress there nize the importance of every effort has been manifest a deep yearning to bring such groups into accord for Christ and a feeling that in with the spirit of American insti- very truth we are thrown back tutions and traditions, we believe wholly on Him. . . . Even cooper- it to be the primary purpose of

home missions to bring these cial and racial relations. We urge groups into the discipleship of upon the churches their Christian Christ and the fellowship of the responsibility in this connection.

Christian Church. Church people should be as Chris- With respect to work in purely tian as they expect their mission- missionary fields there seems to be aries to be.

a need for frequent reevaluation We recommend that specially of such efforts. It should not be chosen missionaries be released by assumed that work once begun their boards to impart information must always be maintained. and awaken interest in home mis- The responsibility of a board sions among student groups.

for the support of a mission church Christian missionaries, in order is not fulfilled merely by extending to be leaders, should in general to it financial assistance. The fa- have at least a college education as cilities of the board should be avail- well as outstanding spiritual and able in frequent conference and personal character.

through other channels to foster in We recommend that the two each aided church a full-orbed life Home Missions Councils appoint a so as to bri;ng it to assume full re- standing committee on Personnel sponsibility in the general pro- to consider the salaries, conditions gram of the Church. of work, personnel management We believe that the National and recruiting for home mission- Home Missions Councils should aries.

establish relations of cooperation We recommend that the policy and counsel with national bodies already in practice by some boards operating in the field of religious of commissioning workers for a education. special service be more widely Home Missions has an inescap- adopted.

able responsibility in relation to V. THE CITY AND NEW AMERI- the application of Christianity to CANs-The city takes an increas- current life problems. The excep- ingly dominant place in American· tional difficulties under which life. The city as never before many of our fields are laboring in places its stamp on the life and this year of business depression thought of the nation.

accentuates the responsibility in The city is essentially a home the field of economic well-being. mission problem. With its polyglot Home Mission Boards should take populations it calls for a ministry the leadership in summoning all to varied racial groups. It has Christian people to shape the eco- great numbers of under-privileged nomic structure of American life who cannot out of their own re- in accordance with true Christian sources provide adequate religious ideals. facilities for themselves. It is the IV. PERSONNEL AND RECRUIT- center of an industrial life that ING-The successful enlisting of challenges Christianity. The sub- missionaries who are personally, urbs as a group constitute a vast spiritually and technically fitted for missionary field.

specific tasks of increasing diffi- The city is remaking human na- culty depends in large measure ture. The breakdown or weaken- upon the Christian attitude of ing of the old social bonds-in the church members on industrial, so- family group, the neighborhood

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

group, and the racial group-tends known to all the people of North to social disintegration. The shift- America to the end that they may ing of trade groups, population become His followers and that His groups, and population centers on spirit and principles may be made the one hand, and the daily ebb and operative in every sphere and de- flow of the city's life on the other, partment of our human life and make for the adventurous charac- relationships.

ter of individual life … The fundamental appeal of home We urge that the denominational missions is the same today as it city societies of a given city be was one hundred years ago, that brought into closer working rela- is the winning of men and women tions with each other and with the to Jesus Christ and His Way of life, city Federation of Churches. but the methods by which this ap- To equalize religious privilege peal is made must change with changing conditions. The knowlwithin cities marked by such reli- edge that Home Mission Agencies gious destitution and crossed by are adjusting themselves to these such contrasts, requires that the changing conditions will bring conconception of home missions, in its local application to city mis- fidence in the minds of the constitsions, be deemed to comprehend uency.

the full task of the whole church. Some of the factors that enter The Restriction Law has largely into the new approach in home changed the immigrant situation in missions are ever new national the United States. It should be problems and consequent responsiremembered, however, that over bility; the growing complexity ten million people of foreign birth and intensity of the struggle for have made this country their per- life; the enlargement of the intelmanent home and are becoming lectual horizon of greater numbers more and more an integral and of people; and a vast spiritual unformative part of its political, so- rest.

cial and industrial life. Home mis- At the heart of any plan for de- sionary efforts among these people veloping missionary-mindedness in should be continued: Our foreign a local church, we would place a language churches are in a period thoroughly 0 r g ani zed church of transition and deserve the in- school of missions.

creased sympathy and loyalty of Since the pastors are our chief home mission agencies. fellow-workers, we suggest that Recognition is made of an in- Boards endeavor to keep in close creasing number of church projects and sympathetic touch with these supported and maintained jointly by various denominations. They men. We urge the value of passtand as a visible and tangible tes- tors' conferences in which, in a timony of a cooperative purpose spirit of real partnership repreon the part of the Christian Church sentatives of the boards, shall that goes the full length. study with the pastors the why and the how of missionary proce- XV. PROMOTION – Home mis- dures and administrative policies, sionary promotion signifies the and the methods of promotion.

means and the methods which may We urge our theological seminaries be used to advance our common to prepare candidates for the min- purpose to make Jesus Christ istry in the technique and under-

standing of our home missionary XVI. COMITY AND COOPERATION needs and motives. -We approve the purport and On account of the constant criti- method contained in the comity cism of home missionary agencies principles applicable to English- for expending money in so-called speaking Work in the Town and competitive fields and the conse- Country Field, as published in the quent loss in contributions, we Data Book, which have been previ- must express the judgment that, ously approved by the two Home from a promotional standpoint, the Missions Councils, the Cleveland Boards should immediately coop- Comity Conference, and various erate with the Home Missions Home Missions Boards. .

Council in pro'1iding information We approve the Detroit Find- that will silence or at least lessen ings of "The Church in the Chang- this criticism. ing City" (Data Book).

We believe that the Home Mis- We desire to call attention to sions Council will find itself as an communities having a population outcome of this Congress confront- of not less than 2,500 or more than ing a greatly enlarged opportunity 100,000, which are larger than the for leadership in the development town primarily associated with ru- of home mission sentiment and ac- ral territory but smaller than the tivity in the churches. And we large urban areas.

urge upon our respective denomi- Recognition is made of an in- nations such sympathetic response creasing number of church proj- to the plans of the Council as will ects supported and maintained make that leadership effective. jointly by various denominations.

Our study of the causes for the They stand as a visible and tan- apparent decreased interest in mis- gible testimony of a cooperative sions as evidenced by decreased purpose on the part of the Chris- contributions in very recent years tian Church that goes the full leads us to feel that while a num- length. The Home Missions Coun- ber of causes may be given, the cil should seek out such opportuni- fundamental cause is a weakened ties and promote participation.

conviction among our people of the Resolved, That in the making of eternal realities of our religion and church adjustments in communi- a correspondingly less desire to ties of 1,000 or less, the following share that religion with others. principles should be observed: What we need and what we be- (1) The primacy of the commu- lieve the Church at large needs is nity interests and the rights and a renewed and more vital conscious- affections of the smaller groups as ness of God; a sense that Jesus is well as of the larger.

Saviour and that there is none (2) That the church should be other either fnr the individual or so formed, and its affairs so con- for society, that without Him we ducted, that in all things local it can do nothing, that through Him will work towards a single church . we can do anything that needs to consciousness, while in its outside be done. We must strive to inter- affiliations it shall observe such pret these convictions of our Chris- missionary objectives and fellow- tian faith in life and in language ship interests as continue to enlist that will capture the attention and the affection of the membership.

allegiance of our fellow-Christians. (3) That it shall show sacred

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

regard for the ceremonies, cus- the current Bulletins and reports toms, or sacrements through which of the Home Missions Council and the several groups have been wont given such wider publicity as the to express themselves, making suit- judgment of the Home Missions able arrangements for their con- Council may determine.

tinuance. The Home Missions Council hav- (4) That its affiliations shall be ing reviewed the past ten or twelve such, as, on the one hand, will not years of State Home Missions interfere with the development of Council history as given in reports a single church consciousness, and from representative men from all a new community ideal, and, on the states concerned, wishes hereby to other, will keep it in touch with put itself on record as heartily ap- the going order of Christendom proving the general trend and ad- and in harmony with those ideals vise such State Councils of and convictions which, through Churches and State Home Mis- the generations, have become con- sions Councils as have not had the tributions of world-wide value. desired success, that they study This Congress, representing offi- the work of neighboring State cial church boards, places itself on Councils in order to develop a more record as heartily approving inter- efficient instrument of cooperation.

denominational comity agreements We advise those states having no within individual States and for Councils of Churches to organize Nation as a whole, and urges the such bodies; if the way be not various denominations to prevent clear to organize a State Council the repetition of past experiences of Churches, we urge at least the in unnecessarily multiplying the organization of a State Home Mis- number of churches in communi- sions Council.

ties where one denomination is There are conspicuous examples satisfactorily serving the constitu- of cooperative success of various ency. types in the local community; an In order to make this policy increasing number of denomina- more effective, the Church Boards tional Boards are resolutely seek- be urged to set up within their re- ing to avoid all duplication of effort spective staff organizations a and to develop various lines of posi- Comity Committee to whom shall tive cooperative activity; and we be referred all cases where aid is have developed an imposing list of requested for a new church enter- functioning interdenominational prise in any community where an- organizations.

other evangelical church is main- On the other hand, statistical taining an organization, and to and research experts have declared study all competitive enterprises that too great a per cent of home now receiving aid. missionary money goes to fields of In all cases where the principles 1,000 population or less that have of comity, recognized by the Home more than one Protestant church Missions Council, are ignored by and that each of the denominations the representatives of any denomi- represented in the Home Missions nation, a full record of such cases Council participates in such dupli- be placed on file with the Home cation.

Missions Council with the under- We urge the Home Missions standing that they be reported in Council to check up with its con-

stituent boards the importance of local church groups for discussion making at once a careful analysis and action. of all their aided fields to determine to what extent these fields are The important consideration competitive. The results of these now in the development of comity studies should be reported to the and of the practice of cooperation Council for compilation and for is not organization, or technique, mutual study and conference of but is a question of attitude and the boards concerned. spirit. We do not underestimate the many real difficulties involved We are convinced that the time in the solution of these problems, has come to eliminate competition but we feel sure that no difficulties in home missions. Weare unequi- will prove serious enough, that no vocally opposed to the use of mis- obstacles will be sufficiently insursion funds for the maintenance of mountable to keep us from coopercompetitive enterprises. ation and unity when we all really want cooperation and unity. We urge that the Boards in cooperation with the Home Missions This conviction leads us to em- Council consider carefully what phasize as of fundamental importypes of service or specialized ac- tance the necessity of a wide scale tivity can best be done jointly and persistent campaign of educaeither mediately through the Home tion to be directed simultaneously Missions Council or directly at boards, field officials, church juthrough the cooperation of two or dicatories, both major and minor, more Boards. This consideration ministers and the rank and file of would include general services, as church people. church architecture, rural church promotion, etc., or mISSIOnary This campaign of education services for remote areas or dif- should proceed by emphasizing the ficult situations, etc. spiritual and practical advantages to be achieved through coopera- It is the conviction of this group tion and by emphasizing the need that the time has come and the op- to strengthen and extend the work portunity is at hand for passing of the church to the end that the from the "resolution stage" to the full purpose of Home Missions may "action stage" by an aggressive be accomplished. movement of concerted effort. To that end this group urges city and We commend every effort to state councils and local Home Mis- bring a divided Protestantism into sions Councils to project programs closer unity of thought as well as of adjustments as speedily as pos- into wider harmony of action. We sible; and recommends, where no therefore follow with prayerful such city or state councils exist, interest the efforts of several that the denominational Boards of closely related communions to ef- Home Missions set themselves the fect a closer union, and accept all task of discovering conditions that this as a token of the wider unity need adjustments and present the toward which this common Chrissame to a conference of the respon- tian experience and these united sible denominational officials and efforts clearly tend, all in fulfil- ment of the prayer of our Lord.

NOTE: The "Findings" adopted on Town and Country, Mountaineers, InAdlaiasnks~ Negroes, Jews, West Indies, Mexicans, Orientals, Migrants, Mormons and will appear in our February number.-EDITOR.

Of THE

The Outlook for 1931 but Egypt is the scene of frequent demonstrations by students and others No one can travel in non-Christian who are out of joint with the present lands with eyes, ears, mind and heart constitution. Japan reports an atat attention without being indelibly tempted assassination of the premier impressed, if not depressed, by the and student strikes. Korea is povertysorrows and suffering, the physical ,stricken and discouraged; China is and spiritual need, the helpless and harassed and torn by famine, bandits, hopeless condition of multitudes and pirates, revolution and anti-Christian by the apparently insurmountable dif- communists. India is a restless sea, ficulties that face representatives of disturbed by llQn-cooperation agita- Christ in all mission lands. And even tions, civil disobedience, strikes, and so-called Christian lands are not ex- warring tribesmen on the Northwest empt. Frontier. A desire for self-govern- ment _has made the people unmindful Was there "ever a more diflturbed, of the peace and security and oppordistracted and distressed world than tunity given under British control. that on which we look out today? We came back from our world tour realiz- Truly it is a restless world, a dising more than ever how general are turbed world, a hungry world. These the wars and rumors of wars, famines, are evidences that it is a living, and political earthquakes that are dis- breathing, sensitive, ambitious world. turbing the nations. North America is Men are conscious of a need for somesuffering from economic depression, thing better than they have. They unemployment, racketeers, bootleggers, know not what they need but are bandits, graft and bribery. Great reaching out to obtain if possible. But Britain is disturbed with strikes, un- this has always been true when men employment and a burden of }}Overty. have been aroused to a consciousness Australia faces bankruptcy and is of their god-given powers and their threatened with social revolution. In possible heritage. There have been Europe, we read of labor riots and lulls when men were exhausted or rumblings of revolution in Spain, and when nations were under the control political plots in Rumania and Italy of a dictator, but was there ever a and upheavals in Germany and Bul- time when warfare, murders, robbery, garia. Turkey haH had difficulties in political and social unrest, were not quelling a revolt of the Kurds; Pal- prevalent'! Were conditions any betestine is continually protesting; Rus- ter in the days of the Judges in Issia maintains a despotic government rael; or in the time of the Cresars, in and by wholesale executions ,seeks to the fir,st century of the Christian Era root out those who plot for the over- or in the Middle Ages'! The world throw of the Soviet dictators. conditions are better known today than ever before but they are not essential- Latin America has been harvesting ly worse. Education, financial prosa crop of strikes and revolutions-in perity, inventions, world-wide commu- Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Venezu- nication, peace agitathms and the ela; unrest in Bolivia, Uruguay and spread of democracy do not ,seem to Ecuador i Cuba is under military con- have insured stability, enlightened trol and Central America and Mexico government and brotherly kindness. are political volcanoes. What then is the way out?

Africa seems comparatively quiet 4 49

The Uplook for 1981- Islands of the Sea reveal this Power at work. They tell of lives being trans- As the late Dan Crawford of Africa formed in answer to prayer; of op- position overcome or nullified in once said, "The devil can hedge us in remarkable ways and of workers strengthened and encouraged by the but he cannot roof us in." There is a unseen Power. The outlook at the be- ginning of 1931 is not encouraging way out of failure, of turmoil, of dis- to those who look to human agencies couragement for those who will take for the solution of world problems and it. It is always the same way out. It the satisfaction of human needs. But is the way of God. All over the world the outlook is encouraging because of we found faithful men and women the up-look. The God who brought pointing out this way and walking ill Abraham out of idolatrous but prosit. They are not depending on a bet- perous Ur of the ChaIdeoo; who ter environment, or a more stable gov- brought Israel, the enslaved hordes, out ernment–though they desire these. of Egypt and made them a powerful They are not depending on secular ed- nation; the God who overcame politiucation, or better sanitation and medi- cal and religious opposition and estabcal care-though they seek to make lished the crucified Christ as the domthem available to all. They are not de- inant Power in Europe; who overcame pending on an increase in the number superstition and darkness of the Midof Christian adherents-though they dle Ages, is the same who can and will, work and pray for this. They are seek- in His own time, bring the nations of ing to lead men into a true spiritual the world to acknowledge His sway. But, as in the past, it will be, not by life thnmgh a full surrender to Jesus intellectual might, nor by an army, Christ. We have Been well-equipped but by His Spirit Working in the educational inlltitutions, hospitals, and hearts and lives of men. It is our deindustrial and other humanitarian en- sire in the pages of TIlE REVIEW to terprises that did not seem to bring show the need of men all over the world for spiritual life and the procmen and women nearer to God. We esses on which we must depend for have seen other work that was like a victory. There are remarkable evigrain of mustard seed in size but it dences of God's power at work in the showed the signs of spiritual vitality world today. and was bringing life out of death. We came back convinced more than Dr. Arthur J. Brown ever before that there is only one Message worth taking to men and women In taking up again his official reof all nations and tribes at home and sponsibilities, after the year's absence abroad-the message that God in from the office, the editor desires to Christ ill seeking to reconcile men to express his deep appreciation to Dr. Himself and that He has made that Arthur J. Brown, who has so devotedpossible through the life and death ly and efficiently carried on the ediand resurrection of Jesus Christ. In torial work during the year 1930. Dr. every land we saw evidences of the Brown brought to his delightful task power of God at work, that His is a his rich experience as pastor and mismiracle-working power and that He sionary secretary, his wide knowledge answers prayer. We came back con- of horne and foreign missions, his vinced that we may work in various abilities as author and speaker and his lines but that no work produces living extended contacts with workers at fruit that is not the work of the Spirit home and abroad. In TIlE REVIEW of God. It is the men and women who office, in his correspondence and in his know the reality of partnership with editorial work Dr. Brown won new God in prayer, in aims and in meth- friends and strengthened old ties. We ods, who are accomplishing things worth while in the transformation of men.

Letters from missionary friends with whom we stayed in Asia and the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

regret that it is not possible to retain good weather and no air pockets I Al- his close editorial connection with THE together, we traveled over 40,000 REVIEW but he is now turning his at- miles; first by way of Madeira and tention to the important work of pre- Mediterranean ports to Egypt; then paring a hi,story of the first hundred to Baghdad and down through Iraq, years of the work of the Board of stopping at Hillah and ancient Baby- Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian lon, Ur of the Chaldees and Basrah.

Church, U. S. A.-a task that will oc- From there we sailed to India, stop- cupy two or three years. ping at Kerachi and landing at Bom- At a recent meeting of the Board bay. After ten weeks in that fascinat- of Directors of THE REVIEW, a resolu- ing, but disturbed and often depress- tion was passed expressing sincere ap- ing, country we went to Burma, the preciation of Dr. Brown's services, his Federated Malay States and Siam.

devotIon to the interests of THE RE- From Bangkok we sailed to Singapore, VIEW and the vision and skill that were went up to a conference at Kuala Lum- evident in his editorial management. pur and, returning to Singapore, took a steamer to Hongkong and Shanghai.

Ten Months at the Front Conditions in China were so unset- tled and our time was so limited that The privilege of ten months' visiting we were not able to go far into the the foreign mission fields is an experi- interior, but were able to visit Hongence that the Editor would like to kong, Canton, Shanghai, Soochow, share with every reader of THE RE- Nanking, Tsing Tau, Tientsin, Peiping VIEW. Only glimpses of what we saw can be given through these pages and and Mukden. Our three weeks in impressi'Ons can be passed on 'Only very China was, of course, far too short, inadequately. but the places and the people we saw made them worth while. The sad news We sailed from New York on De- of the sudden death of our very dear cember 2d, in a blizzard, and arrived friend and missionary partner, Rev.

home. on schedule time exactly ten Charles W. Abel, of Kwato, Papua, months later to a day, almost to an seemed to us a call of God to visit the hour. The whole experience now miss ron at Kwato, so that we might seems like a wonderful dream; but do what we could for the family and we are thankful that it is a reality; plan for the future of the work.

the photographs and memories that From Mukden, we traveled to Korea, we have brought back will not fade where we spent ten delightful days in away like a dream. We spent 130 days Pyengyang, Seoul and Taiku. From of our travel on the Seven Seas, be- Fusan we sailed to Shimonoseki, J a- sides many great gulfs and bays, and pan, and visited Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, never had a bad storm during the Omi-Hachiman, Yokohama, T 0 k i 0 , whole journey. Generally we sailed Nikko and Nagasaki. From there, we over smooth waters and under clear sailed for Australia via Shanghai and skies. We traveled in all kinds and Hongkong, Manila and Davao in the sizes of boats, from the 21,OOO-ton Philippines; Menado in Dutch Cele- Empress of AustraHa, to small Chi- bes, and Thursday Island, Brisbane nese junks, sanpans in Siam, little and Sydney, Australia. From there, dugouts and outrigger canoes. Too we sailed to Samarai, Papua, to visit many of our 174 days on land were Kwato, Mr. Abel's mission station.

spent moving about in railway trains, After two wonderful weeks there, we good and bad, in bullock carts, tongas, returned to Australia by way of Port (pony carts), rickshas, sedan chairs Moresby, Cairns, Brisbane and Syd- and hammocks, on elephants and car- ney. On August 21 we left for home ried in men's arms. One day was spent by way of Auckland, New Zealand, in the air, traveling from Cairo to Fiji, and Honolulu. After six days Baghdad, a wonderful experience with in beautiful Hawaii, we sailed for San

Francisc.o, visited Los Angeles, the pan, and the disappointments experi- Grand Canyon, Wheaton, Illinois, enced by many missionaries. Mishawaka, Indiana, and Rochester, New York, arriving in New York on But these depressing c<mditions October 2 where we received a heart- acted n.ot to discourage, but to chalwarming welcome. lenge us, for what we saw and heard also showed that we have the remedy During our whole journey, experi- in our hands and that this remedy is encing many kinds of food, smells, being successfully applied in many temperature and insects, we were kept places and various ways. We were in wonderful health and were blessed thrilled and inspired by the misllionby many answers to prayer. We vis- aries whom we met who are true repited nearly one hundred mission cen- resentatives of Christ and who witness ters, and saw the work of over 40 to Him with courage, faith and unselsocieties. We were entertained in fish service. We were enheartened by seventy different missionary homes, what we saw of the results that follow made nearly one hundred addresses faithful and prayerful preaching of and received a most loving welcome the Gospel and living the Christ-life in everywhere. all those lands. Wernet many n.oble converts to Christ who are now going We have come back kopelessly in out as His evangelists and are helping debt-not on account of the fall .of to sow the good seed and to bring in stocks in the New York market or the harvest. We would be hopelessly other financial losses or expenditure. in debt if we had not this wealth of experience with which we are hoping We are in debt first to those who in some degree to make payments on helped to make this tour possible; account. second, to the loved ones in our families and the partners in THE MIS- Our journey around the world has, we hope, prepared us for better serv- SIONARY REVIEW office and on the ice at home. We have a clearer vision Boards wh.o carried on so effectively of the work and its needs, of the proband unselfishly during our absence. lems and the opportunities, of the We are also in debt to the host of character of our fell.ow servants in all friends who carried us in their hearts these lands, and of God's power t.o save and in their prayers and so were large- and to fit for service. It is our deepest ly responsible for many of the bless- conviction that Christ is THE ONLY ings that came to us. We are heavily HOPE for the solution of these probin debt to the missionaries who so gen- lems and for the rescue of these peoerously welcomed us into their homes ple from sin, suffering and turmoil. and hearts and made our visits worth We know that Christ is able to save while; we are more than ever in debt unto the uttermost for we have seen to God fur His protection, guidance the evidences of this power. We reand wonderful goodness to us all the joice in having partnership in this way. work with the missionaries and with Him. We would be ruined for life were it not that we also came back ricker than I know not by what methods rare, ever. The debts d.o not oppress but But this I know: God answers prayer. bless because of the rich experiences, I know not when He sends the word friendships and benefits that have That tells us fervent prayer is heard. I know it cometh, soon or late; filled our lives. Some of these experi- Theref()re we need to pray-and wait. ences were depressing because of the I know not if the blessing sought difficulties we saw, the ignorant or Will come in just the way I th.ought, bitter opposition to Christ and His I leave my prayers with Him alone, messengers; the blindness and hunger Whose will is wiser than my own.

and poverty, both physical and spiritual; the sin and suffering; the tur- moil, as in India and China, the materialism and indifference as in J a-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions BOYS TOGETHER tains of southern California. Mr.

"How can we become more friendly Burnett wrote, "The camp trail wound with white people, and how can we around and around the high moun- make white people understand us tains, leaving the deserts and hot more 1" This searching question comes sands behind, and eventually coming from an American Indian school boy to large and tall pines, with flowing attending a large government board- mountain spring water. Needless to ing school. Government officia1,s, edu- say, our boy,s were at home in the cators and 'missionaries all agree that high mountains, among the rocks and the Indian people must more and more tall lonesome pines.

be brought into contact with white "Shortly after arrival, we had put people who are sympathetic with them, up our tepees, arranged pine bough in order that the Indians may become beds, our belongings were unpacked, accustomed to the ways of white peo- and we were ready to meet other ple and feel at ease and confident in scouts and to learn the rules of camp.

their ,society. Our boys had an ideal opportunity to At Sherman Institute, the large mingle in a natural, normal way with government boarding school located at other boys. We all ate at a common Riverside, California, the religious table, sat around camp fires together, work director, Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, and hiked over all the mountains.

has at the request 'of the school or- This experience gave the Indian boys ganized the first Boy Scout troups.* a most practical means of learning After several meetings he wrote, "We something of the ways and the ideals are all boys together. We make our of some of our fine white lads.

plans and carry them out together as "The entire Indian group worked pals. Several outstanding events in on their second-class tests and fifteen the year's work stand out. passed all requirements, recelvmg "On Saturday before Easter Sun- their official pins. It was a most im- day, the troop, along with others from pressive sight, to see this fine group Riverside, assisted in the Mt. Rubi- of Indian boys being admitted into doux Easter Sunrise Pilgrimage, and full membership of second-class scoutwere placed in charge of Trail No. 12, ing.

helping many of the aged people up "Before leaving the camp, the In- the narrow and winding pathway. It dian boys had achieved other suc- is said that twenty thousand people cesses. Every boy with the exception climbed the mountain to take part in of one, had earned the art of deep the Sunrise Service. The boys and I water swimming and diving. This feel it was a real joy to have had a was a real accomplishment for them.

part in this event." Over half of the group were admitted As a culmination of the year's work, into the camp secret fraternity, mem- twenty-one boys attended an eight bership in which is a special reward days' encampment during the summer. for good sportsmanship. They forgot The camp was situated in the moun- all bashfulness and joined in the stunt event evening, giving several very *.A. picture of these scouts is on the "Call clever stunts. Eighteen of our boys to Prayer to Young People" for the World Day of Prayer, February 20, 1931. won camp medallions for efficiency.

53

We were all mighty proud of this, as HOLLAND SENDS A GIFT were the superintendent and employees of the school. One of the most prominent and zealous promoter·s of the WorId Day "For my part, I was glad to have of Prayer during the past several my Indian boy·s realize that they could years has been the Baroness van Boetcompete with white boys in a friendly zelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland, a way and be successful, that they could vice-chairman of the International achieve successes even when difficul- Missionary Council. Last year she ties were great, and above all, I was translated the program and enlisted glad to see them enter whole-heartedly the Federation of Associations for into fine friendships with their white Women and Girls of Holland in the brothers. I believe the influences of promotion of the service. Meetings these camp days will mean more in were held all over Holland and more the lives of these Indian boys than we than 5,500 printed programs were can estimate at the present time." used.

A CALL TO PRAYER Following the Day of Prayer the secretary of this Federation, Mrs. Prepared by Baroness van Boetzelaer van Mary W. Barger, wrote a letter of ap- Dubbledam of "Sandwyck." de BUt, The Nether· preciation in behalf of the women and lands, girls in Holland and enclosed a finan- cial gift from the Holland Federation You are invited to join in prayer to the Federation and Council in the with Christians of all lands at the United States to assist in further prosunset hour each Sabbath,.and to join motion of the Day, and as she says, in a united service in your community "As a little sign that we are glad to on the have found this bond with your or- ganization. Many got a blessing out World Day of Prayer of these meetings. People like very milch this way of praying together." FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 "Call unto me, and I will answer thee." A Call to Prayer goes out to all lands. "Ye -shall be my witnesses." Continue steadfastly in prayer. "Whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do."* Subjeets for Prayer WORLD DAY OF PRAYER POSTER MAKE Us FAITHFUL In Our Prayer For ourselves. For our own family and people. For the needs of the world.

In Our Witness By our words. By our ways (mode of life). By our works for God's kingdom.

In Our Love For Him who bought us with His blood. For those with whom we are in daily contact. For all the work that is done among men in the name of Christ. Amen!

* This Call is also to be used at sunset each Sabbath nntil the 1982 observance.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

We might add that women of many MISS KATHLEIlN BARONESS VAN nations are learning not only to pray MACARTHUR BOETZIILABR together, but also to understand and appreciate one another better and to twelve years a Missionary Consul in work together. In a recent letter the The Netherlands Indies, and the Bar- Baroness writes, "God has given oness is the mother of five children all America to the world to organize, to born in Java. She was a coopted memstimulate, to suggest and to inspire. ber of the Jerusalem Conference. That you may enrich and deepen your spiritual life with the treasures of Miss Jean Grigsby Paxton, A.B., European Christian thought is cer- author of the Service of Consecration, tainly true. The combination of both "Looking Unto Jesus," is a member trends is magnificent; therefore we of the staff, National Board, Young must work together wherever pos- Women's Christian Associations of sible." the United States, her chief responsi- bility being publicity and interpreta- -(MRS. S. S.) MARY R. HOUGH. tion of the work of the ninety-nine American Association secretaries in WORLD DAY OF PRAYER fourteen foreign countries. Born in Virginia,she secured her degree from The Authors Randolph-Macon Women's College. For three years she taught and was Miss Kathleen Walker MacArthur, principal in a southern girls' school, B.A., of the teaching staff, College of after which she was Y. W. C. A. stu- Churches of Christ in Canada and dent secretary at· Randolph-Macon for secretary to the College, is the author three years. of the program, "Ye Shall Be My Witnesses." Miss MacArthur's major Miss Paxton then went to Canton, responsibility is teaching New Testa- China, serving there four years as ment, Missions and Reli~ious Educa- foreign secretary, returning on action; she also does considerable_ field count of her health. Since 1921 she work throughout Canada in the inter- has been connected with the National est of extension courses in these sub- Board.* jects. During the summer she gives most of her time to teaching in de- The Artist nominational and cooperative camps for leaders and y'oung people. "I flee away just to be alone where I can think this 'World Day of Prayer' Miss MacArthur is a graduate of out. My effort will be to make good." the Japanese Language Training School in Tokyo, and for five years On a July day the editor of the was instructor in the Anglo-Oriental World Day of Prayer material re- Girls' High School in Tokyo. Before ceived this in a personal note from going to Japan she graduated from the artist to whom had, been given the the National Training School in To- commission to produce the poster. ronto-in Missions and Religious And so beside an Adirondack lake in Education, and after returning stud- the midst of the mighty forest, the ied at the University of Manitoba for work was wrought. four years, graduating in Arts. She came from there to her present posi- • A picture of Miss Paxton appeared in the tion in Toronto two years ago. November, 1929, RlIlVl.W.

Baroness van Boetzelaer, author of the Call to Prayer is a Vice-President of the International Missionary Council, of which her husband has been a member .from its beginning. He is a member of the Netherlands Parliament. Previous to 1919, he was for

Across Lake Pleasant is a summer Francisco, 10: 30 in the morning in camp of some six hundred religious Honolulu (all February 19). folk, and over the water at the beginning of each day floated hymns of If in Hawaii evening meetings are praise to God. To such accompani- held at 8: 30 P. M. on February 20, ment, amid such surroundings, the at that time February 21 will be just hand sketched, then chiseled the lino- starting in Chicago, it will be an hour leum blocks from which the poster was after midnight in Mexico City, 2: 30 A. M. in Porto Rico, an hour later in print~d. Rio de Janeiro, 4: 00 A. M. in Buenos Aires, time to get up in the Nether- Do you want a little line cut electro- lands, 8: 00 A. M. in South Africa, type of the poster design (1 x 114 mid-morning in Jerusalem, noon in inches) for your church bulletin or Calcutta, early afternoon in China, 4 to print on your letterhead? You may P. M. in Melbourne, 6 P. M. in New have one for 90 cents, or one 1% x 214 Zealand (all February 21). inches for $1.15, or 214 x 314 inches for $1.50. Write the Council of In order to calculate the actual num- Woman for Home Missions, 105 East ber of hours that transpire, let us take 22d Street, New York City, stating Toronto, Canada, the home of the size and sending money. author of the program. While the 6 : 00 A. M. meetings are being held Supplies in Japan on February 20, in Toronto it will be 3: 30 P. M., February 19; The supplies are the Program (2 and if the last meetings are in the cents, $1.75 per 100), Call (free), Call evening in Alaska and Honolulu, they to Young People (free), Service of will last until about 3: 30 A. M., Feb- Consecration (10 cents), poster (10 ruary 21, Toronto time, so the observcents), ,seals (25 cents per 100, $1.75 ance of the World Day of Prayer exper 1,000), Suggestions for Leaders tends over an entire day and a half, (free with order for Programs), Proj- pcssibly even more. ect Sheet (free), Visualizations (5 mimeographed copies for 20 cents), To know what hour it is in other History (single mimeographed copy land,s while meetings in the United free). Order early from denomina- States or Canada are in progress, taktional headquarters.-F. E. Q. ing 10: 30 A. M. in Denver, Colorado (1: 00 P.IVL in Nova Scotia), it will A DAY AND A HALF be 6: 00 A. M. in Samoa, 7: 00 in Hawaii, 8: 30 in Sitka, Alaska, noon Some de,sire to follow in thought in Havana, Cuba, between 12: 00 and the meetings held on the World Day 1: 00 in Peru and Colombia, 5: 00 of Prayer in different countries. The P. M. in Madrid, 5: 30 in Paris, 6: 00 following may help. in Rome, Berlin and Liberia, 7: 30 in Constantinople, Cairo, and Nyassa, in The date line being at the 180 0 Leningrad and Moscow, 8: 30 in meridian, possibly the sunrise meet- Tabriz, 10: 00 in Bombay, 10: 30 in ings in Japan and Korea start the ob- Ceylon, 1: 00 in Calcutta, after midservance of the World Day of Prayer, night in Bangkok and Singapore, beas Australia and New Zealand prob- tween 1: 00 and 2: 00 A. M. on Febably hold their meetings later in the ruary 21 in Peiping, Shanghai, and day. While some in Japan are meet- Manila, a little later in Seoul, 3: 00 ing at 6: 00 A. M. on Friday, Febru- A. M. in Tokyo, 3: 30 in Sydney and ary 10, 1981, it will still be February Papua, 5; 30 in New Zealand and New 19 in many places-ll: 00 P. M. in Hebrides. Uganda, 8: 30 P. M. in London, 3:30 P. M. in Santiago, Chile and New It will readily be seen what an in- York, noon in Vancouver and San teresting few minutes might be spent in your meeting visualizing each place

WOMAN'S ROME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

around the world, using a school globe, New York City Tournament. Since which many department stores carry then we have successively and successat a small price. fully had some six or seven other Negro girls and a couple ,of Jewish If you know how many hours differ- girls in the office for longer or shorter ence there is between your town and periods. The salary scale has been Halifax or Denver, you can do a bit according to position, training, exof arithmetic and from this list lo- perience and ability, race not entering cate the hour all around the world at into the matter at all. which your morning meeting is in session. For the afternoon meeting, just While we had tried out combining take the 3: 30 P. M. New York time different racea and religions, all had given above in the second paragraph been American, so next we essayed or 3: 30 P. M. Toronto in the third internationalism. We have had at paragraph and calculate from either. various times a Swedish, a Norwegian, Perhaps you will hang up a wall map a Russian, and two with Italian of the world, and as you travel a parentage, working happily with helper will place a cross on each coun- Anglo-Saxon and Negro-American try that observes the Day.* girls. Helene informed us of Russian ways, Solveig now writes to us from F. E. Q. Oslo. Was life not made more in- teresting for the rest because of the WHY NOT TRY IT? close contacts with those conversant with other customs and cultures? When I became secretary of the Council nearly a dozen year;!! ago, I Latest of all, we sallied forth into had some theories and standards I the Oriental group, and secured a wanted to try out. One was to have Japanese girl. A Chinese girl was her those of various races, nationalities succes,sor and since her marriage, a and religions work together in the Negro girl has filled that position. office. Many, without trying it, had Now we are cudgelling our brains for said it could not be done without fric- a new field for exploration. tion or uncomfortable situations. Our informal office devotional peri- Our first experience along this line ods and our "good times" togetherwas with a Jewish stenographer (not such as a birthday celebration or oc- Hebrew-Christian, but Jewish), who casional picnic-have been in no way served as my -secretary five years. disturbed by the international, inter- Ruth left five years ago to take a racial, inter-religious composition of more responsible position drawing a the office family, but rather enhanced. larger salary than we could offer; our The next generation comes to see us relationship now is that of close now; May married August and brings friends with mutual love. in little June once in a while-a white family; Jeanne married and little Ed- The next venture was to engage a ward, Jr., makes our acquaintance–a ~egro girl to have charge of litera- Negro family. ture sales. So then we had a representative of the Jewi,sh race and a As to efficiency, dependability, inirepresentative of the Negro race serv- tiative, resourcefulness – seemingly ing harmoniously with the Nordics. those of one race measure up as well This, too, worked perfectly until ill- as those of another, whether the poness in her family compelled Veola to sition filled be clerical or secretarial. go to another section of the country. This ten-year laboratory test indicates Incidentally, while with us, she came that characteristics and capability are out champion girl tennis player in the a matter of the individual person. Not every white girl-not every American * }""or 10 cents :you ('an buy a hox of 75 large -measurea up 100 per cent.

g'lUJllll4:'d rf'o. seals from which the crosses may Why not go on a voyage of disbe ('ut. Mimeographed Historv giving list of covery yourself, or get your husband forty-five countries from whic'h reports have been received will be sent free, 011 request, by the Federation or Council.

or brother to step off the beaten track by the British, and does it differ less to try it out in the office? Of course, than formerly? there should previously be careful consultation with those now working What is meant by the terms "free there, that the newcomers may not be ships, free goods"; "enemy ships, enemy made uncomfortable. How about head- goods"; "continuous voyage"; "contraquarters and the official positions, both band"; "conditional contraband"; "efsalaried and volunteer, in your de- fective blockade"? nomination – are they confined to white Americans? To what established principles of neutral rights did our Government con- Let's stop talking "goodwill and un- tend that the British should adhere in derstanding" unless we are willing to the World War? How did England modput them into operation in our own ify them? daily lives by opening the gates of opportunity. What use did England make of her sovereign right to -control her own ex- FLORENCE E. QUINLAN. ports to force on neutral nations a new interpretation of the principles of tne READING COURSE right of blockade?

Prepared by the National Committee on the What was our attitude when we be- Cause and Cure of War, Room 1116, Grand came one of the belligerents? Central Terminal Building, New York. What is the uncertain factor in the use of an economic blockade against an agressor nation on the part of the League of Nations? How could this weakness be remedied?

SECTION III· PLAN FOR ORGANIZED PEACE War for Profits, by Otto Lehmann- If war is honestly to be prevented, Russboldt (175 pp.). Published by there must be a right-about-face on Alfred H. King, 1930. $1.75. the part of the nations in their atti- Almost everybody is a loser in war. tude toward it; by some progressive agreement the manufacture and pur- The few exceptions are munition makers, chase of the munitions of war must some who profiteer on supplies other than be limited or stopped; while no po- munitions, and some military men who litical mechanism alone will insure gain reputation and promotion. This cooperation among the nations, there book gives a vivid picture of the gains must be some machinery of cooperaof the munition makers. tion if the will to CQoperate is to be A merican Neutrality and International made effective;. mutual counsel among the nations is the real hope for bring- Police, by Philip C. Jessup (170 pp.). ing about the disavowal of war by the Published by World Peace Founda- open avowal of its real causes and tion. $1.25. open discussion of them; there must Freedom of the Seas, by J. M. Ken- be some means of defining, recording, worthy and George Young (281 pp.). interpreting, and developing the law Published by Horace Liveright. $4.00. Maritime Trade in War, by Lord of nations.t Eustace Percy (114 pp.). Published by Yale University Press. $2.00. IMMANUEL The year's reading has been devoted to disarmament. In time of war conflict- o live in us this day, purpose yet again ing views have arisen on the question of o clothe Thyself, Thy freedom of the seas. Three books in In human clay. the above list are on that topic. Readers need not read all three, but are asked to Work, through our feebleness Thy choose one of them. "The Jessup is con- strength, densed, accurate, clear; the Kenworthy Work through our meaneS8 Thy nobility, is more discursive, has anecdotes, is Work through our helpless poverty of longer, but does not require the concen- soul tration which the Jessup does; the Thy grace, Thy glory and Thy love. Percy is a collection of addresses delivered at a Wmiamstown Institute of Poli- -J. S. Hoyland, The Fourfold Sacratics." ment.

QuestioDs t Dominant currents in the plan by Dr. Charles H. Levermore which Won The Amerl- Why has our interpretation of the cRn PeRce Award given by Edward W. Bok rights of neutrals differed from that heM in 1924.

• Section I appeared in the October REVIEW! Section II in December. The course for 1931 will be ready the latter part of January.

fOR WOR-ICE

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions PEACEMAKERS cast to promote certain ideas. I want A Most Usable Program to know the truth so that I may set my influence for those matters which By MRS. J. C. SHOVER and the Editor of will make this a better world for our this Department in Collaboration children.

Arrange three tables in U shape, the The Representative for Mars jumps closed part away from the audience, up and the Representative of the Nfb- and the sides spread so that the nine tional Council rises quickly.

characters may be seen and heard. Pec,ce: I believe the Representative Seated, three at each table beginning of Mars was first.

at the left, are the representatives of Mans' Representative (Suavely) : the Church, Other Peace Associations What I want to say at this time is in in America, The National Council for answer to Average Citizen. Men al- Prevention of War, Average Citizen, ways have fought; and as long as Peace, Public Opinion, The League of there is human nature in the world, Nations, The WorW Court and Mars. men will continue to settle their quar- These may wear Grecian draped cos- rels by fighting.

tumes in colors with headbands and Peace: National Council, give us sashes bearing their names; but this your message.

is not necessary. Each stands while National Council: I am glad to rep- she speaks. The front of the table resent the National Council for Pre- may be hung with bunting or crepe vention of War. I came from Wash- paper. Drape flags on the wall in the ington to be at this conference. It is background. the task of my organization to educate Peace: We have assembled to learn the public to the truth about war. We what is being done to establish peace are a clearing house of peace aetivi- in a war-ridden world. As your chair- ties with three planks in our platform: man, I represent the spirit that longs Progressive World Organization, for peace in the hearts of people every- Worldwide Reduction of Armaments where. I shall ask each member in by International Agreement, and turn to introduce herself. (Turns to Worldwide Education for Peace. Our Average Citizen and motions for her goal is to strengthen a great World to rise.) Court and League of Nations which Average Citizen: My name is Av- shall be supported by world opinion erage Citizen. I represent the men and by the teachings of goodwill and and women of the world. I have come international understanding in the to inquire what is being done to bring schools of the world, and, by succes- about the time when we shall be free sive disarmament conferences, to re- from the fear of war. duce the armies of the world to police Peace: On all great matters of forces.

state, enlightened Public Opinion Peace: May we hear from the wields a mighty influence. Public League of Nations at this time.

Opinion, will you speak? Lec,gue: The League of Nations Public Opinion: Today we read and came into legal existence in January, hear so much that is purposely broad- 1920, with a membership of twenty- 59

four states. Its members now number ing to the Court agree to accept the thirty-four. The principal nations not Court's judgments. DUring its ;first in the League are Mexico, Brazil, seven years it rendered sixteen judg- Turkey, Soviet Russia, and the United ments.

States. Its headquarters are in Geneva, 2. By rendering advisory opinions where the work it accomplishes re- on such legal questions as may be sub- quires a staff of about seventy-five mitted by the League of Nations. The men and women in the central offices, "opinions" are strictly opinions. They and about four hundred more in the have no authority. But they are very offices dealing with International La- valuable in helping to decide compli- bor questions. cated questions. The Court has thus The purposes, clearly stated in the far rendered sixteen advisory opin- covenant, are "to promote internation- ions. Any nation may submit a case al cooperation and to achieve interna- whether it belongs to the Court or tional peace and security." The not.t nations which are members promise Avel'age Citizen: Does the United each other among other things "not States .of America have a judge in the to resort to war"; "to maintain justice World Court?

and a scrupulous respect for all treaty WOl1ld Court: Yes, former Secreobligations"; to reduce "national arm- tary of State, Mr. Kellogg was apaments to the lowest point consistent pointed September, 1930. Before him, with national 'safety"; to submit any the Honorable Charles Evans Hughes threatened dispute "either to arbitra- was the judge from our United States. tion or to judicial settlement or' to Peace: Thank you. May we now inquiry by the Council"; to carry out hear from Other Peace Associations in good faith "any award or decision" in America. and "not to resort to war against a member of the League which complies Other Peace Associations: Perhaps you will be surprised to learn how therewith," * many other agencies I represent. There are forty-two besides our Average Citizen: I have heard that friends here. (Ge.sture includes oththe League studies public health, in- ers.) You will agree that the list is dustrial problems, international trade too long to read, but anyone may seproblems, and similar matters as well cure names of these and other agencies as disputes between nations. with addresses and names of officers by writing to the National Council for League: To learn mare of my work Prevention of War, Washington, D. C. write to The League of Nations Asso- (Starts to sit down and jumps up ciation, National Headquarters, 6 again.) I would not have you think East 39th Street, New York City. that these forty-two are all the or- Pecwe: It seems fitting that we should now hear from the Representa- tive of the World Qourt. (Turn and ganizations for peace. These are nabows to World Court.) World Court: The first World Court tional societies, remember. State and local organizations formed primarily of justice came into existence soon to promote peace are forty-five in after the League of Nations. Its pur- number. (Sits down and jumps up pose is to serve the nations of the ' again.) I really must add to these world in two ways: eighty-seven the thirteen organiza- 1. By rendering judgments under tions that have Peace Committees.

the principles of International Law on Then you must add thirty-eight or- such contr.oversies as may be sub- ganizations engaged in activities that mitted for legal settlement by the na- promote international goodwill and tions concerned. The nations appeal- world peace. Churches are in this group but are listed as only one of 'Sidney Gulick. Leallet III. ~'ederal Coun- tSidney Gulick, Leaflet VII. cil of Churches. 105 East 22d Street. New York City.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

the thirty-eight. That puts the num- into all that concerns our lives. (Faces ber at one hundred and thirty-eight. the aUdience.) I have the pleasure of Representative of Mars (Interrupt- representing the Jewish, the Protes- ing cynically): And are there any tant and the Catholic faiths. If Other more? Agencies for Peace had the time to O. P. A.: Yes, indeed. There are name the religious organizations she eighteen foreign societies in the Unit- represents there would be the Catholic ed States designated to increase Association for International Peace, knowledge of other countries and to The Federal Council of Churches of develop friendly international rela- Christ in America, and the United tions. That makes one hundred fifty- Synagogue of America among them.

six. Many people said the Church had Public Opinion: Where does the failed when the Chri,stian nations Federation of Woman's Boards of went into the World War. That very Foreign Missions of North America criticism stirred the Church to re- come in? newed activity for peace. Since 1918 O. P. A.: That is listed in a group my voice has been strong in protesting having eleven such organizations rep- against greater armaments, larger resented. This group supports the navies, compulsory military training, peace movement by affiliation and co- and has pled for reduction of armies operation with Peace organizations. and navies, peace pacts with other A verage Citizen: I am not much of countries, and for international undera mathematician, but it looks to me 81'! standing and goodwill.

though there were here in the United Representative of Mars (jumping States one hundred sixty-seven simi- up): Evidently you are forgetting lar organizations. I am glad you told that we are never safe against the at- us where to get the list in detail. I tack of -other powers unless we are must write it down-National Council equally armed. It is our duty to de- for Prevention of War, Washington, fend ourselves. I represent the armies D. C. Now, I should like to hear what and navies of the world, and we have the church is doing about this subject. a hard enough time to get the money (Peace nods to Church, who arises.) to carry on. We often have to fright- Church: I am glad to represent the en the people into giving the money, Church. Through its schools, its but give they must. They must make young people's groups, its Sunday- these expenditures in time of peace in schools, it Religious Education courses, order to be ready for war.

its Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls, Average Citizen: Who will tell me its denominational foundations in what the costs of war are? state-supported institutions, it is helping to mold the minds of many mil- Representative of Mars: Now you are beside the main question. lions around the globe.* Church (Ignoring the interrup- We try to train our membership to tion): I have come prepared to do be world citizens. that. (Rises and holds up a large round disc representing a dollar. It Representative of Mars: The should be covered with silver paper Church should keep out of politics. and prepared so that with a large knife she can cut out a sector a little Church: So long as we believe in more than two-thirds of the disc to the Fatherhood of God and the Broth- show the amount spent for destructive erhood of man, we must take an active purposes.) President Hoover gave to interest in all that affects the wellbeing of our brothers and sisters. As long as politics affects government and the country on December 5, 1929, a government rules our lives, we must simplified budget for the fiscal year, do our part to put the spirit of love 1930. According to this statement the *Evelyn Riley Nicholson in "Thinking It taxpayer's dollar is divided thus: Through," page 132. (Cuts and holds up the large sector.)

National defense-17.5 cents, to vet- abolish war. However, the pacts that erans of former wars–19.1 cents, for you have heard most about are the the public debt-32 cents, and (laying results of three recent conferences; down the large and holding the smaller In 1922 there was an agreement repiece) 31.4 cents for ordinary civil garding capital ships signed at the functions. In other words, 68.6 cents Washington Conference on the Lim- go for past and future wars and only itation of Armament. 31.4 cents go for police protection, The Kellogg Pact is a general pact better roads, mother's pensions, farm for the renunciation of war. In Eu- relief and all other peace-time affairs rope it is called the Pact of Paris beof government. cause it was signed at Paris in In "Direct and Indirect Costs of the August, 1928, by 15 nations. Since World War" published by the Car- then, 62 nations have signed. All that negie Endowment for International the Pact asks is that the disputes be- Peace, Prof. Bogart says, "If we had tween nations will not lead to war. paid twenty thousand dollars an hour Another Pact called the Four Pow- from the birth of Christ until the end er Pact of the Pacific pledged Great of 1925, the World War would not be Britain, Japan, France and the United paid for …… We hurned up nine mil- States to bring serious disputes in the lion dollars an hour." Pacific region to a joint conference. One battleship costs forty million The Five Power Naval Conference dollars. That is enough money to in London in 1930 resulted in an open build a great university like the Uni- discussion by the countries, of their versity of Pennsylvania. The cost of navies, and, while there is some dis- firing a big gun just once, would pay appointment that there was not more the salary of a university professor accomplished, the date was set for an- for a whole year. other conference in 1935 for further National Council: Yes, more than efforts to reduce the expenditures for that. The sons of millions of mothers destructive purposes.

became gun fodder. They do the kill- Public Opinion: Have you, Oh ing and are killed. The nation loses Church, any plans for furthering this its strongest manhood. It has been good work?

well said that the first casualty of war Church: Yes, indeed. We work in is Truth, the next Love, then follows cooperation with all these othel' neces- Liberty and Justice. From every sary agencies. Here are a few things standpoint the people pay for war. that we as groups or individuals can Average Citizen: Public Opinion, do.

you are so powerful. Will you not (Counting them as mentioned on throw the weight of your influence on her fingers.) 1. We give special the side of World Peace? luncheons or dinners to distinguished Public Opinion: I want to do it, but strangers from other lands from am dependent upon you, Average Citi- whom messages of information and zen. You must gather facts, such as inspiration can be received. 2. We we have learned here, so that I may arrange pageants or musicales to cul- know what to think and say. Do you tivate international appreciation. 8.

realize that the histories which chil- We hold prize essay contests on the dren ,study in school largely determine subject of peace. 4. Hold suitable the way they think of people of other Armistice day services. 5. Put books nations? (Others nod assent.) on peace in the hands of young people.

Average Citizen: I have heard 6. Have lectures on international af- about some Peace Pacts of late. I fairs. 7. Ask librarians to recommend should like to know more about them. books on war and peace. 8. Help the Church: May I answer! I have had people in our parishes to know about much to do with urging their accept- all the organizations that are repre- ance by our government. We can go sented here. 9. Recommend to church far back in history and find efforts to people plays and films particularly

fitted to the cultivation of peace ideals that he was trying hard not to cry.

and purposes, urging attendance and "He's worse," he gulped. "Se burning support. 10. Urge and encourage our hot and he sleeps all the time. Mother representatives to vote for measurea can scarcely waken him, and then he that insure fair play, and for partici- only moans and we can't make him pation in movements that provide Ilwallow anything, theugh the herb means f.or peaceful settlements of dis- doctor left some bitter tea for him.

putes. And we've thrown an egg over the Public Opinion: It gives us courage roof, and killed a rooster."

to know that all these agencies are "Has Grandfather Nay used the working to outlaw destructive activi- needles yet? That let's out the fire, ties and to make the taxpayer's dollar they say."

count for better conditions. "He is coming tomorrow morning.

Average Citizen: An American Hai, that will be terrible." Ang-duang friend of mine fell into conversation could not keep back his tears, even with an old mother in Germany. The though he was a boy and not supposed old lady shook her head and repeated to cry. "He used the needles on me over and over again, "We must have once, and I had festering sores for no more war. We mUllt have no more months after. It gives me a chill to war." think of those needles that Nay Grand- Peace: In the words of General father never washes going into Ah- O'Ryan, "War cannot be successfully mee l but the priest says the idol com- abolished except through the cemplete mands needles."

mebilization of all peace powers fer Grandmother Clong nodded her old peace purpeses . . . . . . Let us wage head. "It makes me feel just that way, peace." (All except Mars rise and too, though they de say that they face Peace.) know where to put the needles se it All: We pledge yeu our support. will not puncture yeur vital parts.

But as I teld my daughter-in-law THE STRAW-BABY, MIDNIGHT, when she wanted to have the needles AND A CROSSROAD stuck into me, how did I or they know A Playlet my vital parts are located exactly like By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER everybody else's. "Ai l that bean-curd there reminds Part I me 'Of a sure cure fer a sick child- Ang-duang was coming down the why didn't I think of it before? I Chinese village street frem the bean- tried this once when my eldest son curd shep. The werried little pucker was a baby and a sick one he was too."

en his face was net all from trying to The 'Old woman closed her eyes, and keep the soft white square of bean- half chanted the age-old superstitious curd balanced on a section 'Of banana fermula. "Weave a little straw-doll, leaf. He almost ran into old Grandma tie it with five-oolor threads, stick a Cleng just as he got to his own door- flag inte it with the name of the evil step. spirit inside the straw. Take it with "Hai! and have you no eyes to see an egg, a square of bean-curd, and a who yeu're knecking down in your cup of wine, and carry it at midnight walks abroad," she scolded, and then to where two roads cross, and leave as she recevered, her dim kindly old it there."

eyes peered at him. "Ang-duang, Lit- "And then what happens 7" Ang- tle Brether, it's you, is it? And no duang was breathless from the wonder your face has not its every- thought 'Of a lonely crossroad at the day happy look! You have troubles fearsome hour of midnight.

indeed at your house. How i,g the "The evil spirit will leave the sick baby brother?" child, and be lured to that tempting Ang-duang choked and Iooked the array of things to eat, and it being a other way so that nobody could see crossroads and dark, the Unnameable

Thing will lose its way, and be unable Behind him he heard a faint sound! to return to the house where its evil "I will not look back," he told himpresence has brought illness." The self stoutly. "I will go right on. If old woman looked about fearfully lest I can just go fast enough to keep the mere whispered mention of the ahead!" Unnameable might bring her bad luck. As he hastened his pace, he dis- "I must be hurrying on," and she tinctly heard the steps behind him hobbled away, while Ang-duang stood also hasten their pace. a moment thinking very hard about "The Unnameable Thing," he what she had told him. groaned, as his blood ran cold, and his knees went weak. He too shivered from the fear that To add to his terror his lantern mention of that most dreaded of evil flickered out. He stumbled over a spirits arouses in Chinese hearts. loosened stone in the road and went "The Evil Thing must be horrible in- down, his basket and its contents scatdeed to make mother take us in be- tering. Even before he could collect fore dark every night and lock the himself enough to rise he heard the doors. But if-but if it would make steps running now toward him. In Ah-mee well, nothing would be too his fright he could not move. Nearer hard. Even midnight at a crossroad and nearer the footsteps came! The three li from home–even if-even if Awful Thing was almost on him! the Unnameable One should get me." He covered his head with his arms He looked down the street anxiously and screamed! before he turned and went hurriedly "Little Brother," he heard a kind inside the door and across the court- voice say. "Do not be frightened. It yard and tip-toed into the dark tightly is only another country person. I'm closed room where his sick baby broth- on my way back from the next village er lay, with his mother leaning her where they called me to doctor a poor agonized face above him. sick woman. I'm not at all dreadful." The voice was so comforting and Part II reassuring that Ang-duang's face ven- tured forth from its hiding, and It was several hours later in the peered up at a strange white face in black of a very dark night that the the light of a bright kerosene lantern. front door creaked on its hinges and The face was a kind and smiling one opened a crack to let Ang-duang slip that brought back quiet and confidence through it out upon the street. into the boy's shaken senses. "So you're not the Unnameable "Ai," he held his breath, "I hope Thing, after all," he heaved a long mother did not hear that squeak." sigh of relief. The other-country per,son put back He put down on the step his tray- his head and laughed. "I should hope like basket that held a tiny straw fig- not. And if you have been at all ure, the egg, the bean-curd and cup nervous, as I take it you were"-Angof rice wine, as he lighted the little duang had recovered enough to give round paper lantern he was carrying. an answering grin to this as the mis- He lifted it high and peered fearfully sionary doctor helped him to his feet down the street. -"it's a good thing you have me for company this dark night. Where are "Not that it's in front of me I need you going?" to be afraid of," he shivered. "The Unmentionable Thing will be follow- "To where the little road crosses ing me from behind, following these the big road," Ang-duang answered, things here to eat, all the way until and then remembered the mishap to I get to where the little road crosses his belongings. "Where is that straw- baby? And oh, that egg will surely the big road. Hai, I wish it were not be smashed, and all the other things I" three li nor quite as black as ink." Ang-duang had a moment of shrinking before he started out, and then he clung close to the high wall along the street.

prQve. 'What is needed, hQwever

that CQurteQus endQrsement be changed First Decade of The Le_ue of Nations intQ enthusiastic cQoperatiQn.

REGARDLESS .of the attitude .of And this shQuld be .of special CQncern individual Americans tQward tQ the friends .of the missiQnary enter- American membership in the League, prise. Peace, justice, health, sanitaa visit tQ Geneva satisfies .one that the tiQn, unexplQitatiQn, race harmQny, League is an accQmplished fact, a hQnest labQr under prQper cQnditiQns, serviceful, efficiently functiQning Qr- prQtectiQn .of weak and submerged peQganizatiQn, and an internatiQnal re- pies, mQrality-what are all these ality .of far-reaching influence and but .objectives bQth of the League .of value. This is especially evident nQW NatiQns and .of Christian missiQns. SQ that the League has cQmpleted its first Christianity fQr tWQ thQusand years decade. FQr the first time in histQry has been laying fQundatiQns .on which the WQrld has an annual assembly .of the League .of NatiQns is building 54 states, and a permanent interna- as a superstructure the PQlitical and tiQnal civil service .of nearly 500 per- eCQnQmic brQtherhood .of mankind.- SQns whQ wQrk cQnstantly .on the busi- William B. Lipphard, in Missions. ness .of the natiQns. Unreached Rural Areas of the World It becQmes increasingly evident that the League is a permanent and essen- THE missiQn study subject fQr 1931tial factQr in internatiQnal life. Were 32 is tQ be "The Unreached Rural it suddenly tQ disband the world would take an irretrievable step backward. Areas .of the WQrld." The interde- As Elihu RQQt said a few mQnths agQ: nQminatiQnal bQQks will develop the "FQr these ten years the League in study along topical rather than geothe PQlitical field and the CQurt in the graphical lines. In the wQman's bQQk, judicial field have been rendering the attentiQn is being centered .on the best service in the cause .of peace wQrk .of WQmen in rural areas, their known tQ the histQry .of civilization; homes, the questiQn .of health, rural incQmparably the best." educatiQn, and industry. Several Mis- If the League .of NatiQns is to suc- siQn Boards, plan the preparatiQn .of ceed and if real and lasting WQrld denQminational literature .on the subpeace is tQ be maintained, this inter- ject. It is suggested that the infQrnational QrganizatiQn and its high Qb- matiQn sent by missiQnarie,s be based jectives must have the enthusiastic .on: SCQpe .of the field; HQme life; support .of public QpiniQn. The League Health and sanitatiQn; Industries; is the wQrld's greatest adventure in EducatiQn; Evangelistic methQds; internatiQnal demQcracy. Whether .or Strength .of the Christian Church; nQt the United States ever jQins the The unreached field. This infQrma- League, Americans cannQt stand alQof tiQn shQuld nQt be encyclopedic in f!lQm the League and its wQrk. Cer- style. SQme will be able tQ put that tainly there is n.osingle achievement tQuch .of human interest and charm .of .of the League which an American can- style which will produce a readable, not CQmmend; nQ single .objective clear and understandable picture .of which he cannQt endQrse, nQ single the wQrk, the needs and the QPportuactivity which he cannQt heartily ap- nities.

5 M

Medical Work Sunday, January 4, 1931-World CHRISTIANITY'S healing record is Evangelism. without a rival in the world. Monday, January 5, 1931-Thanks- Protestant missions are estimated to giving and Confession. Tuesday, January 6, 1931-The own and control 858 hospitals with 31,- Church Universal. 264 beds. In these 389,712 patients receive medical attention, out of which Wednesday, January 7, 1931-In- 198,844 were operative cases. There ternational Cooperation. are 1,686 dispensaries in which last year 10,441,539 consultations were Thursday, January 8, 1931-Misheld, while there were also 137,152 sions and Missionaries. house visits. There are now 513 native male doctors and 99 female doctors Friday, January 9, 1931-Family, in the various fields, together with School, and University Life.

Saturday, January 10, 1931-Home Missions, and The Jews.

2,597 male assistants and 2,861 fe- Programs may be obtained from the male, besides 1,085 trained nurses. For Federal Council of Churches, 105 every 25 mission workers there is now East 22d Street, New York, or from one medical missionary. The World's Evangelical Alliance, 19 Russell Square, London, W. C. I., Eng- Week of Prayer land.

THE World's Evangelical Alliance NORTH AMERICA has issued an invitation for the 1931 Universal Week of Prayer (or- Presbyterian Union Voted on Novemganized by the Alliance since 1846). This continues from Sunday, January ber Twelfth 4th, to Sunday, January 11, 1931. Christian leaders and workers every- OFFICIAL representatives of five where are urged to Make Arrange- Presbyterian and Reformed bodments to bring Christians together for ies comprising 3,000,000 communicant United Prayer daily. Preachers are members met in Pittsburgh and voted asked to prepare special sermons for for organic union in one united January 4th on the texts suggested for Church. This union is to be based this purpose. They are also earnestly upon the following standards: Westrequested to urge their people to at- minster Confession of Faith, longer tend the local Meetings of this united and shorter catechisms, doctrinal Universal Week of Prayer. statement of the United Presbyterian Church, Heidelberg catechism, Canon In Foreign Fields, the growth of the of the Synod of Dort and the Belgis population far out-distances the in- confession. The denominations concrease of the Christian Church. In cerned are: The Presbyterian Church country after country, "from the ris- in the United States of America, Presing of the sun unto the going down byterian Church in the United States thereof," despite what has been ac- (Southern), Un i ted Presbyterian ccimpJi.shed in the preaching of the Church in North America, Reformed Gospel, comparatively little is known Church in America and Reformed of the significance of the Cross of Church in the United States.

Christ. The seventy delegates adopted the Let us endeavor to visualize some- following report: thing of the condition of more than We declare the union of the Re- half of the world's population! The formed churches holding the Presby~ unfini,shed task is tremendous. May terian system to be based on the teach- the burden of it be such as to bring ings of the Holy Scriptures as set us to our knees with a· c-oncern com- forth in those portions of their stand- mensurate with the need. ards which define the spirituality of The main topics suggested are as the Church . . .

f-ollows: The C'ommiUee on church polity

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

defines the governmental organization preservation ,of existing neighborof the Church: hoods by more careful zoning and by a consideration of community require- The Lord Jesus Christ is the su- ments in location of elementary preme and sole Head of the Church. ,schools, small parks and major streets and extension of the number of The Word of God is the ultimate planned residential districts through source and authority in Church gov- "the pressure of public opinion and ernment. the growth of enabling legislation."

The Church's nature, relation and How to Close the Jails function are spiritual and spiritual only. OF 4,000 boys who passed before a New York judge on their way to Witnessing for Christ is the con- jail, reformatory, or parole, only three tinuous business of the Church. had belonged to a Sunday-school. This is cited as powerful testimony for re- The evangelization and Christian- ligious training of the young. ization of the world is the aim of the Church. In a letter to Dr. George William Carter, general secretary of the New We accept and practice the Presby- York Bible Society, reprinted in The terian sy,stem as the method or form Christian Observer (Presbyterian), of church organization and govern- Judge Lewis L. Fawcett, of the State ment, believing it to be in harmony Supreme Court, gives his experience with the Scriptures. In creating a of twenty-three years on the bench: book of government for the united church we recommend that congrega- "My experience during twenty-three tions holding the consistorial form of years on the bench, in which time over organization (as in the Reformed 4,000 boys under the age of twenty- Church) shall have the right to retain one years were convicted of crime betheir present form of organization. fore me, of whom but three were members of a Sabbath-school, has sat- The conference voted to refer points isfied me of the value of Sabbathat issue to a special committee consist- ,schools to the community, in helping ing of the chairman of the separate safeguard it, to the extent to which denominational commissions to per- Sabbath-schools exist, from the growth fect and complete a harmonized report of criminals. to be submitted to the higher judicatories of the five denominations in- "In 1,902 cases of suspended crimvolved. This final report will probably inal sentences, in each of which a not be ready for several months. minister, priest, or rabbi became in- terested at my request, only sixty-two America's Crime Bill of the boys were brought back for sentence." EVERY criminal in the United States costs as much "as the wel- Shall we support our churches and fare influence in the lives of 160 nor- Sunday-schools and close our jails or mal boys." shall we allow our churches and Sun- day-schools to die and fill our jails This c,onclusion was reached by a with criminals? Youth Committee, preparing for a Child Welfare Conference, in Wash- Church Contributions in Canada ington. The annual crime bill is in excess of $16,000,000,000; annual THE business depression has been child welfare costs $5,000,000,000, the keenly felt in the United Church number of criminals at less than 1,- of Canada, yet the contributions for 000,000, and child welfare affects 50,- missionary work have been proportion- 000,000 youths. ately greater than in the previous year. In the five year period the people have City planning commission laws, like those of New York and New Jersey, to make the environment fit the child, were urged. The committee urged

given 16 per cent more than they were Macoris, Barahona and other commugiving in the period before union and nities there are organized churches. they have opened 600 new fields of In Santo Domingo there is a hospital, ministry. An additional 4 per cent in a small book shop and a Bible House contributions would yield a balanced of the Antilles agency. In the northbudget. A complete unified scheme of ern part, a number of missionaries of pensions and provision for minister's the Free Methodist Church are workwidows and orphans is now in success- ing with success. Everyone of these ful operation. Two of the colleges have centers of Christian work deserves during the past year added $2,000,000 mention. Everyone who visits our country is interested by some circumto their resources and $14,000,000 has stance in its spiritual development and leaves it hopeful of the beautiful fubeen expended in new church build- ture which is expected from the seed ings.-Ckristian Century. of the Gospel. The first eifort, we should say the first harvest, is already LATIN AMERICA giving most abundant fruits of bene- diction to the souls formerly lost and First Caribbean Seminar the hearts formerly in tribulation. The knowledge of the pure Gospel of AVENTURE, of high significance Christ has been the beginning of a and importance in international happy era for the Dominican Republic. relations, is being realized this coming That is our belief. February. The Committee on Cultural Relations With Latin America an- The political and economic condinounces the first annual session of the tions of the country tend to a proseminar in the Caribbean. Members gres,sive stability which will contribwill sail from New York February 14, ute no doubt to the people's peace of 1931, and will visit Puerto Rico, Santo mind.-Heraldo Cristiano. Domingo, Canal Zone, Jamaica, Haiti, and Cuba. They will return on March Bible Distribution in Latin Ameriea 4. The lecturers and leader.s of round table discussions are Dr. Ernest by Coaches Gruening, Dr. E . .C. Lindeman, Dr. Leland Jenks, Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, T HE Rev. Paul Penzotti, secretary Charles Thomson and Carleton Beals. of La Plata Agency of the Ameri- Distinguished Latin Americans, as can Bible Society, gives a most inter- Dr. Fernando Ortiz of Cuba and Dr. esting story of the work carried on by Moises Saenz of Mexico are expected the fifteen colporteur,s, three subto participate in some of the sessions. agents and the agent. The La Plata Seminar programs are being arranged Agency, which covers the countries of at the ports of call. There will be cOn- Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and ferences with the local leaders and Chile, has a constituency of 16,000,000 visits to educational institutions, so- in the territory. During 1929 this· cial agencies, etc. Over 400 men and group of workers distribut~d 177,222 women have participated in the sem- volumes of the Scripture. Of this inar sessions in Mexico since 1926. number 12,474 Bibles, 18,028 Testa- For further information address Hu- ments and 126,640 portions were sold bert C. Herring; 112 East Nineteenth and 80 Bibles and 20,000 Gospels were Street, New York. donated. To do this 71,300 miles were traveled. Bible coaches have helped Protestants in San Domingo greatly in this distribution.

I N THE southern part of Santo Do- Mr. Penzotti spent several weeks in . mingo the Evangelical Church has Uruguay last year, traveling in the a 'promising field of action and is sus- "F. G. Penzotti" Bible Coach. He tained by the help of four denomina- visited the Waldensian colonies and tions, Presbyterians, Methodists, found them much interested in the Northern Baptists and United Breth- circulation of the Scriptures and of ren. In Santo Domingo, San Pedro de

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

great a,ssistance in the work. The istered nurse from Chicago. Mrs. "best Bible Ooach in Uruguay" has Tylee was injured but is recovering. recently been purchased at a cost of $2,000 by the Mennonites. A number The Rev. and Mrs. Tylee sailed for of other missions have their own Juruena, where the attack occurred, coaches and by them the colporteurs for the second time in May, 1929. have been enabled to vIsit far-away Mrs. Tylee delivered a lecture on the places where heretofore it has been Nhambiquara Indians at the Moody impossible to reach. Bible Institute in Chicago and de- scribed them as "savage murderers." Methodbt Church of Brazil "We went to Juruena," ,she said, "led of God to reach a tribe of Indians, the THE first public statement of the Nhambiquaras, numbering fr,om ten newly organized Methodist Church t'o thirty thousand. A few months beof Brazil was made September 5, as fore, six members of the force at the follows: telegraph station had gone to an In- dian village in search of food. They First: That the Methodist Church of camped overnight and were murdered Brazil maintain an intense and vigorous by the Indians as they slept." campaign against all evils in order that the physicial, moral and intellectual EUROPE health of society may be protected. The Augsberg Confession and Foreign Second: That the Annual Conferences provide for the appointment of commit- Missions tees on temperance and social service in order that the campaign against alco- DURING the Four Hundredth Anholism, use of tobacco, profligacy, bad niversary celebrations attending living conditions, housing and hours of the commemoration of the Augsburg labor of the working classes, especially Confession in the city of its delivery, women and children working in shops a great historical pageant was held in and factories, be organized, planned and the streets of Augsburg on June 22. carried out. During its course the work of Prot- estant missions was made prominent Third: That the Methodist Church of in two places. The pageant was artis- Brazil, through the proper means, co- tically executed and reviewed the hisoperate with the public authorities and tory of Protestantism in Germany, beprivate organizations such as the League ginning with Luther's entrance into of Mental Hygiene, the Brazilian Tem- Augsburg for his defense against Caperance Union, the World League Against jetan in 1518 to present times. Alcoholism, in their efforts to stamp out the evils which 'affect our people. The first representation dealt with scenes from the life 'of Samuel Urls- Fourth: That the Methodist Church berger, the friend of August Herman of Brazil subscribe to the social creed Francke and the Father of the founder adopted by the Federal Council of of the German Christentumsgesell- Churches in America and that it can be schaft. The things for which he was printed in our new Discipline. celebrated in the pageant were his care of the orphans and his relief of Missionaries Murdered in Brazil the exiled Salzburgers that resulted in the establishment of Ebenezer Colony T WO American missionaries and the in Georgia. infant daughter of one of them were killed in an attack on an isolated The second motive in the pageant station near Juruena in the wilds of was to present the spread of the Augs- Brazil according to an As,sociated burg Confession in all the world. A Press dispatch to Alfred H. Vroom, gigantic globe, on which the countries treasurer of the Inland South Ameri- were marked in which there were Lucan Missionary Union. theran churches, was attended by marchers in the costumes of the sev- Probably the attack was perpetrated by Indians who are savages in that part of Brazil.

The missionaries killed are: Arthur S. Tylee, formerly of Worcester, Mass.; his two-year-old daughter and Miss Ethel Kratz, 26 years old, a reg-

era} countries and carrying the flags Christian staff. Rather than have 'Of the natiDns which they represented. larger SCh'ODls with several nDn-Chris- tian teachers, the size 'Of the schoDls French Protestant Missions shDuld be reduced. MissiDn activities which trade fDr prDfit may have seri- AT THE CDntinental MissiDnary 'Ous drawbacks and the L. M. S. has refused tD undertake respDnsibility 1"1 Conference recently, Direct'Or f'Or such w'Ork.

C'Ouve repDrted 'On the missiDnary It is admitted that prDbably tDD WDrk 'Of the French Pr'Otestant s'Ociety, many missi'Onaries live in urban areas, the Paris Missi'On. It has nine f'Or- since 80% 'Of the pe'Ople 'Of the East eign fields in Africa and the S'Outh live in villages. In China m'Ore than Seas manned by 260 missi'Onaries, 'One- 50% 'Of the SDciety's wDrkers live in third 'Of whDm are Swiss and Italians. f'Our great cities. In areas where Of the 'One milli'On French Pr'Otestants there ha.s been little respDnse, it may 100,000 supp'Ort the w'Ork 'Of missions be better tD cDncentrate effDrts where with an average annual contributi'On there is a shDrtage 'Of staff. Every 'Of abDut $16. There is ''One missi'Onary eff'Ort ShDUld be made tD see that the t'O every ten past'Ors in France. Great Christian church is nDt regarded as a demands are made in the educati'Onal foreign institutiDn. Everything shDuld • w'Ork at present. The natives are be done to encourage indigenous eager f'Or educatiDn and, 'On acc'Ount 'Of churches and self-suppDrt. Roman Cath'Olic and secular cDmpeti- tion, it is imperative that the quality "The BDard sh'Ould emphasize the of the sch'Ools be imprDved. In the impDrtance 'Of cheapness and simplicity CameroDns and in Madagascar the in the building 'Of missiDn institu- propaganda 'Of the Bolshevists has be- ti'Ons. Native church members feel CDme a menace. AnDther impDrtant mDre at hDme in simple buildings. WDrk is that 'Of cDunteracting the im- Ec'On'Omy is desirable in the cDnstruc- mDral literature which enters in floDds tiDn 'Of missionaries' hDuses." frDm France. There are attempts at self-gDvernment amDng the native ReinfDrcements are mDst needed in churches that are disturbing because India and China. NDne of the SDciety's they are cDming tDD ,goDn in the de- fields however ·sh'Ould be given up un- velDpment 'Of the Christian experience. less there is anDther sDciety willing and able tD carry 'On the work. The L. M. S. Survey The SDciety's first need 'Of all is fDr ACOMMITTEE set up by the £20,000 tD make incDme balance exist- LondDn Missionary SDciety two ing expenditure (which in 1929-30 years ago has made a survey 'Of its was £169,119). WDrk throughout the wDrld, and re- pDrts on present needs fDr men and Seen in Soviet Russia money. The C'Ommittee makes a criti- cal review 'Of the wDrk 'Of this society B ISHOP RaymDnd J. Wade appeals and pDints 'Out that great as are the t'O Meth'Odists tD rally in supp'Ort changes being wrDught in less-devel- 'Of the MethDdist Church work in 'Oped parts 'Of the w'Orld and amDng atheist Russia. ancient civilizatiDns by Western com- merce and industry, the impact 'Of new Bishop Wade, whD has recently ways 'Of th'Ought is creating even traveled in Russia, says: greater changes. In the East as in the West the challenge tD Christianity T'Dday Russia is a land 'Of strDng frDm a secular view 'Of life i$'..even cDntra.sts and strange contradictiDns. g~r!,~t> th~n . frDm 'Other r~ligiDns. Perhaps the first impressiDn upon .,til bfep01;ting 'On educatlOnal wDrk entering Russia is that 'Of the 'Old un- repaired, unpainted buildings, the e~h;W~s is"li:tid 'On the great need 'Of a primitive methDds, the dirt, the squa- lDr, patched 'Old clothes, big bDDts, etc. Nevertheless, in MDSCDW and vicinity are ,fDund new buildings, up-to-date

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

apartments for workers, modern fac- cording to a two-degree system, in the tories. first degree of which the suffrage will be universal; (5), Deputies must be The second impression is the mili- 30 years old and Senators 40; (6), tary aspect. Soldiers and officers are Parliamentary sessions shall last five everywhere. Of the twenty countries months; (7), the King has the power I visited, none gives you such an im- to dissolve Parliament and suspend pression of the dominance of the mili- sessions; (8), in legislative matters tary. Parliament has the last word; (9) , Islam is the religion of the State. The No country in the world is the vic- new electoral 'law gives voting power tim of such propaganda. Two chief to those capable of understanding the daily newspapers in Moscow represent significance of the right of suffrage the voice of the government; all other and its proper use. papers take their cue and their stories from this source. Everything is in- The main grounds for opposition to terpreted in terms of Soviet ideas. the new Constitution are that it re- duces the number of representatives The Soviet social theories imperil in the Chamber of Deputies from 230 the home as we know it and love it. to 150, with a proportionate reduction in the Senate, and gives the King prac- Sunday has been abolished. To be tically unlimited power in all branches seen going to church, if you are a of the government. The Wafd opposes worker for this government, subjects the electoral law because it abolishes you, if reported, to possible loss of job direct elections, imposing the two-deand perhaps to starvation through loss gree system instead. of the bread card. But people do go to church despite all this. Liberia Ends Slavery In Rus,sia atheism is alert and ram- T HE domestic slaVES of the native pant. Had there been in the past a tribes have been declared free by free, vital, humanity-serving Church, the Liberian Government, according to powerfully influential in Russia, the an official dispatch to the League of present condition would never have ob- Nations. Liberia also announces that taimid. it has abolished the system by which a tribesman pledged a member of his AFRICA family as security for a loan, and has ended forced recruiting for foreign New Constitution for Egypt labor contracts: ON OCTOBER 23, the new Con- The international inquiry commis- stitution for Egypt was put into sion found these forms of ,slavery still effect in the face of hostile demonstra- exi8ting in Liberia and this action is tion on the part of Mo,slem students. the result.

All the main streets and large Trouble in Kenya Colony squares of Cairo were heavily guarded by mounted police. The Wafdists I N THE Scotch Mission among the threaten "to make any sacrifice to pro- Kikuyu people there has been ditect the rights, liberty and independ- vision over an attempt of political agience of the people," which they con- tators to reintroduce heathen customs tend are trampled upon by the new in the Christian community. Those Constitution and electoral law. who would abandon the tribal cus- toms are stigmatized as traitors to The chief points of the Constitution patriotism. Among these customs is as revised are: (1), Egypt is a sover- the mutilation of girls when initiated eign State, free and independent; (2), into puberty. It results in a general the throne is hereditary to the de- deterioration of the moral nature and scendants of Mohammed Ali; (3), the such a physical weakening as to add Senate is to be composed of 100 member,s, sixty of whom will be appointed by the King, while the Chamber of Deputies is to consist of 150 elected members; (4), elections will be ac-

unnecessarily t'O the m'Ortality 'Of At the same time the Turkish aum'Others and infants in later life. The th'Orities have forbidden Turkish chilmembership of the church has been dren tD attend movies until after fifdecimated as a result 'Of this agitati'On teen years 'Of age, because of the c'Orand gr'Oups have started independent rupting character of these Americanchurches. Girls who have taken their manufactured movies. stand against the brutal and unclean ceremonies have been persecuted. Christ and Womanhood Some, while walking on the public highway, have been carried off against THE mag a z in e, Alam-i-Nesvan their will. (World of Women), printed re- cently an article by a young man who The Christian pastors and elders is a ,secretary of the Shah's court and have stood firm but some sch'Ools have who has written a number 'Of books. been deserted, and h'Ospitals have l'Ost His article was largely histDrical, dealpatronage. Dr. Irvine rep'Orts that ing with the position of women in so- "one great blessing has been a new ciety. He frankly stated that Jesus impetus t'O evangelistic w'Ork. The Christ had done more than anyone scho'Ol being S'O reduced it was resolved else to elevate womankind. The art'O close it and go throughout the vil- ticle was so significant as coming from lages preaching and healing. A band a MDslem that the Committee on Chrisof seventeen set 'Out with three tents tian Literature in Persia reprinted it tD visit the .northwest CDrner of the as a pamphlet.-Mrs. A. C. Boyce, area newly allocated to the Mission in Persia, in Women and Missions. the Meru district. The spirit of the camp was a joy, and it brought us Daughters of Damacus close together to be living, praying, tramping, preaching, together." SEVENTY years ago, Mrs. BDwen Thompson landed at Beirut, in or- WESTERN ASIA der to minister spiritual comfort to the distressed survivors of the MarD- Turkey Imitating America nite and 'Other communities, which had been decimated by fire and sword. T HE English language has been sug- What was intended as a temporary gested for use in Turkish scho'Ols, service became a permanent work, and superseding French. A friend 'Of was known later as the British Syrian Kemal Pasha and member of the Mission. Turkish parliament, Rafik Bey, says in the official paper Milliyet (quoted in The seventieth anniversary of the The Moslem World): "American civ- Mission was celebrated in London last ilization should be the foundati'On October. The hon'Orary General Secof our impr'Ovements. Imitati<)ll 'Of retary, Mr. J. D. Maitland-Kirwan, Eur'Ope is not g'Ood f'Or us. The Amer- stated that the majority of Syrians ican spirit 'Of initiative is just the op- are Mohammedans, with all the faposite t'O the spirit which has been naticism usually characteristic of taught us by 'Our dervishes and m'Ol- the followers of Islam. The Druzes lahs for centuries. We sh'Ould accept have many gDod qualities but are posthe American religion with all 'Our sess.ors of a peculiar and secret faith, heart, and knDw it as 'Our true religi'On, which aUows its devotees to make outfor the ideal of this religion is crea- ward prDfession of whatever religion tion and initiative. The God of an is dDminant around them. Roman American does not like people WhD, as Catholicism, also, is strongly enparasites, die on the ,streets from hun- trenched, and has sought to hinder ger but praises an individual who Gospel wDrk. In spite of such obworks and builds a palace fDr him- stacle,s, lives have been changed, and self." By the American religi'On Ra- c'Ompanies of believers united in felfik Bey pr'Obably means not Chris- lowship. tianity but the worship of ,success.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The principal stations of the Mis- armed they claim they will overcome sion are at Beirut, Damascus, Tyre, military power. The Government is Mount Lebanon, Mount Hermon, and going as far as any Government can Baalbec. The mission agencies in- be expected to g,o in refraining from clude a training college, schools, dis- the use of police or military power pensary work, industrial blind schools, even in the face of great provocation. in addition to ordinary evangelistic activities. The Bible is the chief text- We are particularly concerned with book, and from its inception the Mis- the picketing of educational institu'- sion, which is interdenominational, tions. Many of the colleges and unihas consistently sought to put first versities are being picketed by khadthings first. dar-clad, Gandhi-capped, national-flag- waving groups. If teachers and stu- INDIA AND BURMA dents stand for their rights and suc- ceed in breaking through the cordon Present Disturbances in India at the gate they are called traitors. If a teacher and a few students reach I T IS difficult to give a true picture a classroom, the picketers can easily of India. Rev,olution is here. Lord make enough noise to make a lecture Irwin is standing for the fulfillment inaudible. The majority of the stuof the pledges regarding responsible dents around Allahabad really want to government and Dominion Status. go 'on with their studies. Police pro- There is a group in England who still tection would probably be of no use look upon India as subordinate. The because public opinion is so strong India that can be forced into sub- against it and because the social boymis,sion is a thing of the past. Her cott is applied so rigorously to those temper today is that of men who have who call in the police. In one local made up their minds to be free and school the manager insisted on his who are prepared to pay the price, rights as a free Indian. The school with their lives, if need be. The force records and furniture were burned and that she uses today-for force it is- he was lucky to escape with his life. is the unarmed bodies of Indians. The students of the Allahabad Agri- When a mail train is ready to start cultural Institute have been greatly exfrom a station, it may see 200 to 300 cited, but except for one day have atkhadder-clad figures prostrate on the tended to their work. Several Univerpermanent way. Should the driver sity students have applied to take, spestart the train and run over them, it cial courses in practical farming and would add numbers to the movement. dairying while the University is forc- The chances are that the holding up ibly closed. I can give no guarantee of trains will become common practice. as to how long we can keep open, but Many are anxious to become martyrs. they reply the Congress has decided The aim of Mr. Gandhi's followers that we will not be closed, that "the seems to be to make all public business Institute is a nation-building instituand government impos,sible, as well as tion."-Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Allaprivate business of which they do not habad. approve. British goods are being boycotted. Indian mill owners and mer- Away with Purdah! chants have been financially ruined, often against their wishe,s, and many FOLLOWERS of Mahatma Gandhi thousands have been thrown out of in 'his civil disobedience campaign work. Social boycott is applied to proclaimed recently that "purdah," the those who do not obey the picketers- seclusion of women, is doomed, since personal services are withdrawn and women have entered into the struggle food supply is cut off. They claim for independence. They exulted in the that their policy, if carried out for a fact that Indian women, who fur censufficiently long time, will make gov- turies preferred the seclusion of their ernment impossible. Even though un- homes, have received a new world

status from the Simon commission, been a comparatively easy task to save which t()ok particular cognizance of a few thousand Christians, but when women's part in the struggle. you come to deal with the surr'Ound- ing millions only one here and there Gandhi's subalterns issued the fol- can be saved. lowing appeal: These famines are preventable. If "Away with ancient purdah! Come a hundredth part of the money wasted out of the kitchens quick! Fling the in civil war were applied to irrigapots and pans rattling into corners! tion schemes, these plains would be Tear the cloth from your eyes, and insured against famines. Meantime, see the new world! Let your hus- it must wait, perhaps for decades, till bands and brothers cook for them- a stable government is established and selves. There is much work to be an enlightened public spirit created. done to make India a nation!" Irrigation is Shensi's urgent need. Improved communications with the CHINA rest 'Of China W'Ould also help, for the relief societies have found transP'Ort Dangers in China their greatest obstacle.

T HE New York Times of November The soldiers and bandits ruthlessly 11 reported that all Americans, expl'Oit the people. When one 'Of 'Our other tlw,n missionaries, in Kiang,si missi'Onaries first came to Shensi and Honan had begun to evacuate twenty-five years ag'O there were n'Ot those provinces, fearing the rapid one th'Ousand soldiers in the whole spread of communism. province. Now we have three hun- dred thousand under arms. Carts, Kiangsi is the worst afflicted of all animals and men are conscripted withthe provinces, and except for a small out compensation, just when they are zone surrounding Nanchang, the cap- needed most on the fields, and trade ioB ital, that province is overrun by Com- strangled. Just before this famine bemunists or bandits. In September and fell Shensi, the military seized the October more than 2,500 Chinese in granaries in which reserves were Kiangsi were murdered by Reds and stored against bad seasons, confiscated more than 10,000 were kidnapped and all the grain, and carried it off for the held for ransom. use of the army.

A letter received at Catholic head- M'Ost of China's ills are man-made, quarters in Kiukiang from the Rev. and could be eliminated if 'Only her Father Thieffry, held captive with rulers made the welfare 'of her people thirteen other Catholic missionaries their first and chief concern.-E. W. by Communists at Kian, Kiangsi Prov- Burt, M.A. (B.M.S. China Secretary) ince, said the missionaries would be in World Dominion. released on payment of $200,000 Mexican [about $65,0001 Razing Mission Schools Six American, two British and four DR. WILLIAM C. WHITE, Angli- German mis,sionaries t l' a p p e d in can bish'OP of Honan, who had Kwangchow, Honan Province, China, 'Ordered the buildings of all schools of were unable to leave because of the his mission torn down "to prevent danger from Communist forces, and their falling into unfriendly hands," the American Oonsul General, F. D. gave the 'Orders after consultation with Lockhart, asked that an effort be made his mission in Canada. He gives the to bring them out by airplane. following reasons for his action: 1. Mission middle schools were estab- Christians, Soldiers, Bandits and lished to provide education in a Chris- tian environment. Government regu- Famine lations make this objective impossible. 2. It would be a breach of faith to use THE Chinese Christians are the salt of the earth, and we cannot be too thankful that most of them have been ,saved in the famine by the kindness of Christian friends at home. It has

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

such equipment for secular educa- rather a motley looking class in their tional work without the consent of working clothes and with the signs donors. 3. However, ill-advised such of honest toil on hands and faces as a (government) policy may be, the they come from work with masons, government has a legal right to is,sue carpenters, plumbers, electricians. In such regulations. 4. Empty buildings the shade of the building or of a tree, are a heavy liability. It is almost im- seated on piles of sand, bricks, or possible to prevent their occupation by stone, the class in building construc- the military or government bureaus.. tion is conducted, using as the text- For these reasons various mission book the structure beside them just school buildings have been pulled being erected.

down and rebuilt for different use in The students are taught to apply other locatIons. The bishop concl)ldes Christianity to their task-s, and thus his statement thus: "I am strongly of to make Christianity practical. There the opinion that for the interior .of is a shop evangelist and both he and China the church will not lose by re- the Christian students have wide op- linquishing mission schools, but will portunity to do personal Christian gain. . . . Our chief concern in an work among other workmen. When I educational line must now be, first, the was in Peiping, Mr. Dean was in the education 'of the children of Christians famine district with a number of his in a Christian environment; second, staff, foremen and students, superin- the special training of Church leaders; tending the work of a thousand men and, third, more systematic religious constructing a canal 42 miles long and education of the Christian constitu- 90 feet wide, to connect the Yellow ency. and Black Rivers, and to irrigate with its laterals a thousand square miles of Character Training in M i 8 8 ion land. Five thousand workmen were Schools engaged on the job, which serves three AUNIQUE piece of character-train- purposes – employment to famine- ing is being done by Mr. Samuel stricken people, irrigation of an area Dean, of the Presbyterian Mission in that will later be productive, and use the North China School of Engineer- of water that would otherwise cause ing Practice. An applicant must have flood in the lower course of the Yellow a good grounding in science, mathe- River.-Rev. George H. TrulL matics, English and Chinese and should be a Christian. He must be Shall We Withdraw Fron> China? ready to do hard manual work and to learn how to assume responsibility. T HE Rev. Victor Swenson, mission- He must be intere-sted in service to his ary of the Augustana Lutheran fellow men. "We want," says Mr. Synod, writes from China: Dean, "to make of them practical men, I believe anyone called of God, able who will not bend or break under pres- to learn a foreign language, and in ent hard Chinese conditions, but who good health, should be sent out as soon will go forward in spite of trouble. as possible. It takes time to prepare We wish to produce Christians of for the work even after you have ar- granite and steel and for this purpose rived. Mi.ssionaries may be in danger we choose boys who have that sort of on Kikungshan, but they are not in as material in them and work it up in the serious danger as we were right here fire of hard work." in Hsuchow a few days ago. Robbers Much of the class work instruction were shooting and killing and burning is given in connection with some job like mad beasts only a few miles away.

of construction. Word is sent to the We could hear the large and small technical students working on differ- guns thunder in the distance. But it ent jobs throughout the city to as- is not worse for us than for other semble at a particular place. They are missionaries. The China Inland Mi-s-

sion is sending out one company after meeting, a morning Bible study, aftanother. ernoon preaching from house to house, and evening service. "At five in the He also writes that, "the tent bands morning and often earlier still, Mr. have been bUllY scattering the Gospel Kim, the evangelist, was there surseed. The robbers have been very bad rounded by those eager to pray. At at times in certain places. When they six the regular prayer-meetings began. get furious, the tent workers move to This daybreak gathering numbered 1,- another place. There are plenty of 200 or more and at the closing meeting towns and villages tliat need to be a thank offering provided Yen 600 to given the Gospel-thousands upon send an evangelist to some needy field. thousands of them. By God's grace During the morning, after an hour they are going to have a chance to with college or academy boys, Mr. Kim hear and accept or reject the mes- conducted a two-hour Bible class with sage." an attendance of 800 or 900, using the book of Romans as a basis for study." JAPAN-CHOSE,N One building would not hold the eve- ning gatherings so two large churches Christmas in Japan were used and both auditoriums were filled. There were more than 900 of J APANESE people, who love festal personally led new believers who de- days and gay deoorations, easily clared themselves. All this happened adopt the picturesque customs of in one city. The word received from Christmas season, even though they the country was also "most encouragknow nothing of its real significance. ing. The eff'Ort is being made to have Merchants offer Christmas presents every church in the territory join in and decorations for sale. Decorated and already the response has gone be- Christmas trees and small Santa yond all expectations. Prayer for the Clauses appear in store windows. One work should be most earnest and conenterprising restaurant owner heard stant. All Christians are asked to of turkeys and plum puddings which choose and pray for three unbelieving grace Christmas tables, and advertised friends. Many are responding and the "an American Christmas dinner, movement is going forward." served December 25, 26 and 27." Oooperation in Seoul I longed to give not only the Christians, but all the people of the city, FRIENDS of Ewha College, Seoul, high and low alike, the message of the ~orea, will rejoice in the entrance Christ Child. Through the city W. C. of the third cooperating mission board T. U., we arranged a Christmas pa- into its work. The United Church of geant in the city auditorium. It was Canada has made an appropriation for unique in the history of Kanazawa, 1931 for the Home Economics Departbut the patience and perseverance and ment, assuring the continuance of this long hours of rehearsal were repaid. much needed service. All the cast entered into the spirit of the day. The audience was deeply The cooperation of this church moved, and some said afterwards, "It changes Ewha College from an allwas 80 beautiful that we wept."-M1's. Methodist (Northern and Southern) M. A. Tremaine, Japan, in Women and college into a union college, broaden- Missions. ing its appeal t'O those outside of Methodist circles. This help is par- A Revival in Chosen ticularly appreciated now when the college is raising $450,000 for new THE story of an evangelistic effort buildings. Almost $200,000 of this in the Presbyterian field in Pyeng- amount is already in sight.-W'Onwn's yang under the leadership of a Korean Missionary Friend. evangelist is enheartening. The daily program included a daybreak prayer-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in theBe columm will be forwarded b'/l 'Us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

Behind Mud Walls. By Charlotte Viall puzzles, diagrams, poems, stories with- Wiser and William H. Wiser. Illus. out words, buried names and other 8 vo. $1.50. Richard R. Smith. New devices will catch and hold the inter- York. est of children as well as the stories, several of which are fascinating as For five yea:r.s Mr. and Mrs. Wiser they are educational and inspiring. and their two boys lived much of the Here is an excellent gift for children time in a tent just outside of an Indian of six to twelve years of age. village near Mainpuri, studying the life and pvoblems of the people, learn- The Fight for Peace. By Devere Allen. ing to know them and winning their 8 vo. 740 pp. $5.00. Macmillan, friendship. This illuminating and New York. well-drawn picture of Indian village life is the result. The mis,sionaries "Fight" is a rather belligerent term endured many privations as to com- for an avowed pacifist to use in disfort, and at first were met with sus- cussing peace, but he has good spiritpICIOn. They overcame obstacles by ual precedent for it. Although only 39 their spirit of friendliness. The story years of age, he has been active and of how they did it and what they found influential in the movement against out about the men, the women, the war for more than twelve years, servchildren and the animals, is a fasci- ing as an officer or director in several nating narrative. It reveals not only peace organizations, and writing the difficulties of changing the life of voluminously for newspapers and Indian villagers, but suggests how this magazines, including The World Tomay be done by Christian tact, con- movrow of which he is the editor. In tact and patience. There is no better this volume, he goes deeply into the light on Indian village life for this subject in which his heart is so warmvolume is the outgrowth of personal ly enlisted. Scores of books deal with experience. The closing question is specific phases of the peace movement, one that we may all ask ourselves, but this monumental work covers its "Can we who have been permitted to entire history as no other book does. know the needs of the men and women, It gives an exhaustive account of the the youth and babies, and the animals various peace movements since 1815, of the village, 'pass by on the other surveys of the present day peace acside' and forget 1" tivities of societies, churches and labor 'organizations, the history of arbitra- Lands Across the Sea. 8 vo. 154 pp. tion treaties, world courts, the League 28 6d. Church Missionary Society, of Nations, Locarno, etc., arguments London. 1930. for the fundamental grounds of peace, Missionary life is full of adventure and rebuttal of contentions against the and incidents that are of interest to possibility of putting an end to war.

young people. This volume gather-s All this is thoroughly documented, the for children at home, the stories, references alone filling 15 closely rhymes, puzzles and games related to printed pages. Five appendices in- children in foreign lands. There are elude a chr-onological table of 252 wars also clever sketches and very attractive since 1792, and a full index makes the colored pictures that make the book vast store of material readily available interesting. The games, cross word for reference. It i,s a massive work, 77

not to be lightly read but thoughtfully nesburg. Here we see a backward peo- studied and used as a source book for ple bursting into civilization over a long time to come. Advocates of night, displaying qualities of leader- peace will here find an abundance of ship, and self-assertiveness, and com- facts and arguments in support of ing at once into sharp conflict with their position. A. J. B. the entrenched white races. And this D. L. Moody. By William R. Moody. 556 book tells the fascinating story of what is happening. Mr. Phillips has pp. IUus., $3.50. Macmillan Co. New resided as a missionary for twelve York. years in the midst of this environ- memo He not only has an intimate The son has given the world the knowledge of the people, but a deep sympathy for their suffering and faith fullest and most satisfactory life of in their future. He, therefore, speaks with authority and conviction on the his. father that has yet appeared, en- racial problem and the new task of the Christian Church. "The old ablmg the reader to know in his man- heathenism," he says, "is no joke. It's the most hopeless, deadening, damifold activities the greatest evangelist nable kind of life that mankind has evolved for itself. It's written plainly of the Christian world. We see the on the cruel, brazen, inhuman faces of millions who have reached middle age. lad at work and his ambitions for African heathenism is hell!" But the old religion is passing. The rapid wealth, looking to a maximum of changes, economic and social, cause severe strain in every department of $100,000 and gaining an income of native life. The future relationship of black and white is shrouded in mist. over $5,000 a year, won by Kimball to The only light that shines clearly is the light of the Gospel. Three hunhis Saviour and still later by two dred thousand men are drilling and blasting rock containing the yellow godly women· to the fulness of life and stuff, which ,seems to be the white man's god. The Gospel is the only unparalleled usefulness. His labors message that can get over the color line, and across the chasm of misuncovered all important cities in the derstanding. The book is interesting reading and in an appendix we have United States, Great Britain, Scotland the official statement of the Jerusalem Council Meeting on Race Relations. and Ireland, where he was heard by This is the program that challenges the churches of South Africa. uncounted millions, while printed re- S. M. ZWEMER. ports of his sermons were eagerly read by other millions. True converts num- bered untold hundreds of thousands and thousands were won as Christian workers.

That a self-educated man should have overcome the prejudices of high- browed students of Oxford, Cam- bri.dge, Edinburgh, Harvard, Yale and Prmceton and held spellbound scores of student conference,s is a wonderful story set fomh meticulously and faith- fully, and simply proves what a mloavn~ wholly given to God and full of for his fellow men, can do for the world, in sixty-two years of life.

When "Earth recedes; Heaven opens before me; G<ld is calling me and 1 must go"-"up and off" he had once Sindiga the Savage. By Eric A. Beavon. called it. Heaven was enriched by an 291 pp. $2. Harpers. New York. unequalled Christian laborer of the twentieth century. The subtitle is "A Tale of the Wilds," and the book justifies it. The HARLAN P. BEACH. author calls it "the first -East African Th~ Bantu !,re Coming. By Ray E. Phil- romance to be written in which the lIps. Rlc~ard R. Smith, Inc. New leading characters are natives of York. PrIce $2.00. 238 pp. Africa, and white people merely fig- The race problem in South Africa ures in the background." The old is nowhere more acute than in Johan- Africa is rapidly changing under the

BOOKS WORTH READING

influences that western nations are nized as an authority on India. In bringing to bear in a vast continent, this volume he gives the history of ten-elevenths of which are ruled by India agitation for self-government, European governments, or as in South culminating in the present revolt un- Africa, by men of European ancestry. der Gandhi, a thoughtful analysis of This story of a primitive tribe before India's problem, and his reasons for and after the white men came is well believing that dominion status in and vividly told. It is interesting as the British Empire is the only practi- a romance and incidentally valuable cable solution of this difficult problem.

for its account of an aboriginal life There are two maps, seven full-page that still exists but is destined soon portraits of outstanding personalities to pass away. A. J. B. from Clive to Gandhi, a chronological table ·of political events, and a copious Christians in China Before the Year 1550. index. It is a volume of first rate By A. C. Moule. 293 pp. 15s. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. importance. A. B. J. London. (Macmillan. New York.) The Case for India. By John S. Hoyland. Scores of books describe modern 173 pp. $2. Dutton. New York.

missions in China from the arrival of This volume is highly recommended the first Protestant missionary, Robert both f.or its content and for the Morrison, in 1807; but most of them thoroughly Christian spirit in which either say nothing about Christianity it is written. The author knows and in China prior to that date or give loves India, having served ilfteen only a scanty 'outline of it in a pre- years, in touch at different times with liminary chapter. This volume is the students, educated classes, villagers first one to present a full historical and industrialists.

account of Christians who were in The first part describes the growth that great country in the early and of the nationalistic feeling, the in- middle ages of the Christian era, and fluence of Gandhi, the two dominant to give in an English translation the religions (Hinduism and Islam), and actual words of the original authori- gives an appraisal of the British sys- ties, with necessary references and tem in India. It is the second part explanations in footnotes. The author of the book that readers will most has 'opened up to the English readers value, for here the author frankly a realm hitherto imperfectly explored tells us what is in the Indian's mind- and almo,st wholly unknown to the how he looks at the West, at India, at churches of today. We are inclined Swaraj, at religion, and at the future.

to think that the book will long be The reader will be impressed with the recognized as a classic authority in contrast of culture between India and its special field. There are many il- the West, and is grateful for this lustrations, a table of important dates, sympathetic insight into the inner life and a complete index. A. J. B. of India. D. J. F.

Reconstructing India. By Ed war d A Study of the Student Home of China. Thompson. 404 pp. $4. Dial Press. By Ava B. Milam. 98 pp. Bureau of New York. Publications of Teachers College, Co- One who desires an intelligent, ju- lumbia University. New York.

dicious and authoritative account of Five months of personal observation the situation in India-and who does of ·schools and student homes in Eastnot ?-will find it in this volume. The ern China together with collated reauthor knows his subject thoroughly plies to a questionnaire concerning the and at fir,st hand. He lived in India lives of 1,270 families form the basis as a child, was for a dozen years pro- for a SY8tem of home economics for fessor in a college in Bengal, and is China's schools. The book affords innow lecturer in Bengali at Oxford timate and interesting details as to University. He is everywhere recog-

the Chinese family, its standards of calendars for the year 1931 with ap- living, health conditions, the patriar- propriate daily Scripture texts.

chal system, child training, marriage, servants, etc. It concludes with a BRIEF MENTION chapter on China's need for the train- Junior Stewards of the Bible, by Helen Kinsbury Wallace, Field Speing of men as well as women in home cialist in the Stewardship Department of the Northern Baptist Convention, economics. Conferences held during is justly commended by Dr. David Mc- Conaughy as a book effectively pre- Dean Milam's sojourn in China to- senting to young people the lesson that our whole life is a sacred trust to be gether with other influences have led used in a working partnership with Christ. (Revell. 75c.) not merely to the establishment of a The Turn Toward Peace, by Flor- Department ·of Home Economics at ence Brewer Boeckel, is one of the best of the recent books on inter- Yenching University, but also to a re- national peace and friendship, by the Education Director of The National quirement by the Ministry of Edu- cation that the subject be taught in all middle schools for girls. Dr. T.

T. Lew in an Introductory commends the book as scholarly and meeting a need of the "changing 'changless'

Chinese family." C. H. FENN.

BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE Council for Prevention of War. It is just the book for individuals, <:lasses The following attractive books for and clubs that desire a sane discussion of war and peace. (Friendship Press. young people are on our desk: Two are from the Penn Publishing Cloth, $1; paper, GOc.) Co., Philadelphia: Toni of Grand Isle, Community Religion and the De- by Nelia Gardner White, ($2) and nominational Heritage, by J. R. Har- Wild Wind, by Temple Bailey ($2). greaves, Dr. Robert A. Ash, of the One is from the publishing house of Baptist Church; Dr. Albert W. Palm- Richard R. Smith, New York-Hands er, of the Congregational; Dr. Win- Around the World, by Archer Wallace, fred Ernest Garritson, of the Dis- ($1) and one from the Church Mis- ciples; Prof. Howard C. Robbins, of sionary Society, London-Tales of the Protestant Episcopal; Dr. War- India, contributed by five writers from ren Sweet, of the Methodist, and Dr. personal observation and experience. John T. McNeil, of the University of Eight are from the publishing house Chicago. These names are a guaranty of Pickering and Inglis, London, as of the excellence of this little book which discusses a pre·sent-day prob- t follows: Old Chickweed, (2s.) by E. A. lem of major importance. (Harpers. Bland; Norah's Victory, (2s. 6d.) by $1.00.) L. A. Barter-Snow; Ursula, (2s. Gd.) Rainbow Missionary Stories, by also by L. A. Barter-Snow; Briny's Stella M. Rudy is a collection of Hoy, (ls. Gd.) by Lily Watson; charming stories from true life, ad- Through Brazilian Jung/elands with mirably adopted to interest children the Book, (3s. Gd.) by F. C. Glass; in missionary work, written by a wom- Henry Martyn of Persia, (2s) by Jes- an who has spent years in China, who sie Page; David Elliott, (28.) by E. is affectionately known to children as Everett Green; and "Ma" The Her- "Aunt Stella," and who knows how to oine of Calabar, a biography of Mary tell a story in a captivating way. So Slessor, by Esther E. Enoch (ls.) competent a judge as Emily M. Schlu- All of these books are illustrated ensen, head of the Department of and will be of interest not only to School Management of the New York young people but to their elders. Training School for Teachers, com- Pickering and Inglis have also is- mends this book in an Introduction.

sued a handsomely illustrated series of (Revell. $1.50.)

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1930

'l' OP-MANUAL TRAINING CLASS AT THE JHANSI BOYS'

COMING EVENTS order, went to China as a missionary in September 16-17-COMMITTEE OF REF- 1897, and became identified with Nanking ERENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- sions Conference of N. A., New University in its early days as teacher York, N. Y. (1897-1903) and acting president (1903- 1904). It was largely through his wise September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, and tactful leadership that other denomi- conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- nations were brought into the cooperation eration of Churches and the Wom- en's Interdenominational Union of which resulted in the founding of the Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- phia, Pa. union University of Nanking, of which September 30 – October' 1 – EXECUTIVE he was the first president, continuing COMMITTEE, Council of Women for Home Missions, New York, N. Y. until the general change of educational policy made it desirable to place the in- October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. stitution under a Chinese executive.

October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- ** GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. THE REV. DR. JOHN W. CHAPMAN, mis- October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- sionary, explorer and scientist, who has ington, D. C. served the Protestant Episcopal Church October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- in Anvik, Alaska, for forty-three years, CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. has retired from the Alaskan field. He November 10-18-WORLD ALLIANCE FOR is 72 years old. Dr. Chapman will be INTERNATIONAL F R lEN D S HIP THROUGH THE CHURCHES, Washing- placed on the honor roll of the Church. ton, D. C. He will be succeeded in Alaska by his November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- son, who has long been associated with ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, his father in the latter's missionary work. Washington, D. C. *** January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, At the recent Synod of the Northern Washington, D. C. Province of the Moravian Church in January 20 – 21, 1931- COUNCIL OF America, held in Bethlehem, Pa., June 12 CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- dianapolis, Ind. to 20, 1930, DR. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ,'

PERSONALS for almost 32 years Secretary of Mora- vian Missions, declined re-election to the Two GREAT FRIENDS OF CHINA RETIRE Governing or Executive Board of the FRANK D. GAMEWELL, PH.D. Church, which carried with it his resig- DR. A. J. BOWEN nation as Secretary of Missions. The functions of this office are combined with DR. FRANK D. GAMEWELL and DR. A. J. BOWEN, two veteran missionaries who the presidency of the Moravian Society have rendered notable service to China, for Propagating the Gospel. The new have been granted retirement by the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions. president is Dr. S. H. Gapp. Dr. de Schweinitz has long been a Going to China in 1881 Dr. Gamewell taught in Peking, was a pioneer superin- trusted and loved missionary leader. It tendent in West China, professor of science in Peking University, (1889- was he who, in 1904, proposed the crea- 1900), and general secretary of China tion of a permanent Committee repre- Educational Association. As an engineer senting the mission boards and sociehe directed the fortification of the legation's compound at Peking during the ties of the United States and Camida, Boxer siege, in the summer of 1900, and and he became one of the organizers and was decorated for his service by the British government. On his last visit to original members of the Committee of China ten of his former students, in- Reference and Counsel of the Foreign a cluding the Rev. Wang Chih Ping (now Missions Conference offorN1o8rtyheaArsm, efrricoa~ serving as a member Bishop Wang), presented him with shield of silver on a carved wood sup- 1907 to 1930, with the omission of only port, inscribed to "Father Gamewell." the years demanded by constitutional re- DR. A. J. BOWEN, whose health has quirements. been impaired by his labors and by anxiety over the conditions under which he He was the Recording Secret:u-y of has worked in recent years of civil dis- the Committee in 1919-1920, ana the Chairman in 1920-1922. He was a'mem- ber of the American Section of the Executive Committee of the World Mis- sionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1908-1910, Chairman of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America in 1917-1918, and a member of the In- ternational Missionary Council 1920- 1928. He has consented to continue to serve as Treasurer of Moravian Mis- sions with his office at 67 West Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.

*** DR. WARREN H. WILSON, of the Pres- byterian Board of National Missions, has been granted a year's leave of ab- (Concluded on page 799.) The Presbgterian Magazine 1 For Every PParesstobryten.an -The Church(s Official Publication-in a sparkling, up~ to~date manner offers the busy Presbyterian pastor and church~member inspiration and information fearlessly discussing the practical problems and freely narrating the thrilling triumphs of the advance of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ through the agency of the Presbyterian Church.

SUbscr.ip.tion pr'ice $1.00 one year 2.50 three years A SAMPLE COPY WILL BE GLADLY SENT UPON REQUEST . 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Pages Crowded with Vital Christian Messages The BIBLE TO~DAY is a popular and aggressive evangelistic Bible study magazine which has proved to be of incalculable worth to ministers, Bible teachers, missionaries and other Christian workers. Among timely and vital articles to be published in early numbers, are: HOW ANSWER RUSSIA? by Dr. Valentine Hepp, the distinguished Dutch philosopher and professor at the Free University of Amsterdam.

GO~'S GRACIOUS GUARANTEES, by A. Z. Conrad, pastor of Park Street Church, Boston, Mass.

MR. MOODY AND A MORTGAGE, by David McConaughy, director of the Stewardship Department of the General Council of the Presbyterian Gen- eral Assembly.

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ARTHua J. BROWN. Editor 1M 1930 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions CONTENTS-October, 1930 PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME FRONTISPIECE-SCENES IN INDIA INDIA'S CALL '1'0 PRAyER………. 725 You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- 'l'I1E s'rORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the moneY' you give by the …………….•• W. B. ANDERSON 726 MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA ••••• Annuity Gift Plan · .•………… ARTHUR T. MAYHEW 732 This plan reHeves you of uncertainty and VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA worry caused by changing values of invested funds snd assures you a fixed income of · …………….•• C. H. LOIDHLIN 736 BELOVED O~' SIVA …..•..••…..•• 4i% to 9% per year • •••••••••••.. ERDMANN D. BEYNON 738 for the rest of your life CAN POVERTY·STRICKEN C H R I S – A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees TIANS DEVELOP SELF-SUPPORT- the prompt payment of annuities to you. ING CHURCHES? ………….. . Protect yourself against loss through • ••••…•.•.••.•. GEORGE H. rrRULL 740 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM ……• 744 WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB·CON· For full biformatlon wrt'te Erne. F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuiti•• SCIOUS INDIA? . )lJMIL W. MENZEL 745 SIR .TOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. ••••.•••.•….• ,CHARLES JOHNSTON 747 SOME BOOKS ON INDIA ………..• 750 166 Fifth Avenue, New York VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERI· World Friendship Courses ENCE . . . . . . . . DEl~AVAN L. PIERSON 753 A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE For week daq sc.hools or regular Sundaq classes • ••••••••••••• CLARENCE V. HOWELL 758 PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENG- These are all project courses giving stories lesson plans, worship programs, LAND FACTORY TOWN……… 762 dramatizations. play and handwork for TOPICS OF THE TIMES …•…•••.•• 763 extended sessions. Price each, Boards $1.00; paper 75 cents, SHOULD MISSIONARIES LEAVE ON THE ADVICE OF CONSULS?

CRITICISMS OF THE CnURCH '1~HE DOMINrCAN DISASTER LAMBETH AND SOUTH INDIA WHY BE PESSIMISTIC ABOUT CH[~A '1 METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . ..•. . EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 7Q8 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS· SION BULLETIN ……………. 773 WORI,D·WIDE OUTLOOK •……….. 779 BOOKS WORTH READING ……..••• 796 TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of PRIMAR'Q five.) Foreign pORtage, 50 cellts. Single copieR, Bhaskar and His Friends (India) 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, By Clara G. Labaree 1930, by MIS'SIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- PANY, INC. All rights re!lerved. Children of Sea and Sun (Caribbean Islands) THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING By Mabel Garrett ,Vagner COMPANY, INC. JUNIOR ROBERT E. SPillER, Pre8idettt The Golden Sparrow (Indi~) 1VILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Recretaf1l By Irene Mason Harper W.ALTER McDOUGALL, Trea8ure,. Sugar Is Sweet (Caribbean Islands) '_~y Dorothy F. McConnell· anu Publication Office, Sd & Reily St., Harrisburg, Margaret E. Forsyth Pa. 25c a copy. '2.50 a year.

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LIII, No. 10 October

INDIA'S CALL TO PRAYER The National Christian Council of India has published an outline of Intercession as follows: Let us seek for a Missionary Spirit-that the Church may see the whole world's need of Christ and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

Let us give thanks for the Church in India, remembering that it is part of the Church Catholic which is the body of Christ.

Let us thank God for the manifestation of the desire for unity in the Church in India, and for the scl1eme of Union proposed in South India.

Let us seek a Spirit of Prayer-that Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught the disciples to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up, until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

Let us seek a Spirit of Sacrifice and of Unity-that the Church may be willing, at whatever cost, to follow and bear witness to the way of Christ as she learns it; that the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

Let us seek for the Gift of Interpretation-that the Church may learn to preach the Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

Let us seek for courageous witness in Moral Questions-that the witness of the Church in moral questions of our day may truly reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

MEDICAL WORK Let us thank God for those Christian men and women who give their lives in the service of the sick and the suffering.

Let us thank God for the increased efforts, put forth by the State and by public bodies, for the prevention of disease.

Let us seek for a Spirit of Service-that a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work, at home and abroad in our generation.

Let us seek for the completion of our own conversion, praying for the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifestation of God's redeeming love and power.

-From The Review of the Churches.

725

STORY OF AN INDIAN

BY THE REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D.

Secretary oj the Board of Foreign Mission8 of the United Presbyterian Church I N THE Punjab, North India, in the outcastes, and one Moslem. 1857, a church was begun with Thus from the very beginning, the four Indian converts; in 1928, question of caste was settled for its communicants numbered 43,- this church, and this first ingather- 895. The pioneers in this field had ing was an earnest of the harvests certain settled convictions regard- that were to foIlow from among all ing their missionary task. They castes and classes.

believed in the democratic rights Ordained Indians were at the of the individual in society, the first received into the mission or- Presbyterian form of church gov- ganization. Indians continued in ernment, the necessity of the re- membership until 1873, when, at generation of the individual to en- the suggestion of the Board in ter the Kingdom of God; that all America, they were excluded from missionary effort must terminate the Mission with a view to fosterupon the development of a church; ing the independence of the Indian that the church must be independ- Church. From the beginning there ent and self-supporting, that the was no question of the membership missionary must be ecclesiastically of the American ministers in the subordinate to the church in the church courts, nor was there any field; and that education must be question of the organic relations of fostered as a necessary result of the new Church in India to the Christianity but never regarded as mother Church in America. This its cause. With remarkable te- was in fuII accord with the spirit nacity, the successors of these men of those times and with the tradi- have adhered to these principles, tions of the Church. The mission- with the results apparent today. aries gave all privileges to their Growth by Decades Indian brothers, and took all priv- ileges to themselves. The result The following figures show the has been that as rapidly as Indians development of this Church in the have developed they have taken a number of communicants and their place of equality with missionaries contributions: in church courts, and with a true generosity they have ever accorded 1858 1878 1908 1918 1928 to the missionaries the relationship Communieants 4 211 14,202 32,557 43,895 of true brotherhood within those ~ontri~~~l':….,: . ~~244 $3,012 $5,910 $18,622 courts. The contributions noted contain At the present time, there is one only congregational funds, and not any fees in schools or hospitals. In Synod, composed of six presbyevaluating these contributions, it teries with ninety-seven congregamust be remembered that the aver- tions and ninety unorganized age laborer's wage is about twenty mission stations. Necessarily with times greater in America than in the great ingatherings from among India. a people so universally illiterate as First Fruits The first converts, in 1857, were the Chuhras are, the task of organ- a high caste Hindu, two men from izing has been a difficult one. It is '726 only through the exercise of skill grievance against the acting pasand patience that Presbyterianism tor. He informed the elder that he has been made to fit the situation. would be debarred from the com- Notwithstanding the difficulties munion unless he repented and where organization and methods paid up. When I raised the queshave been adapted to village condi- tion of his competence to debar an tions, remarkable progress has elder from the communion, he very been made. patiently explained to me that these Presbyterian forms were not An Adaptation of Presbyterian made for a village congregation Discipline with illiterate village elders, and that for the sake of the puritY of As an example of adaptation, the Church we must not permit the following might be cited. Our A NEWLY ORDAINED ELEVEN. MUCH DEPENDS ON THE VILLAGE SESSION head evangelist in the district was mere forms to interfere with esa wise and experienced minister sential righteousness. who was thoroughly respected by the Christian community. We had The next day the elder came to arrived at a village where a com- the service and sulked in the back munion service was to be con- of the audience, debarred from tHe ducted by the evangelist. In the preparatory meeting on Saturday ordinance of which he was by orevening, he found an elder whose dination one of the dispensers. payments toward the salary had Early Monday morning, as we been discontinued because of a were preparing to move our camp, the elder and his pastor came to the door of the tent, hand in hand,

with smiling faces. The elder ex- reduced almost to the intelligence plained that the night before he and feeling of animals. Scores of had not been able to sleep for instances might be recited to illusshame, that he had risen and gone trate the reality of their religious to his pastor, confessed his folly, change. paid all his arrears, and that now he wished to be restored to good Living Faith standing in the church and his office. We had a wonderful little One wet winter afternoon, the prayer meeting in the tent. Then head evangelist and I sat for sevthe head evangelist restored the eral hours in a village hut crowded elder to good and regular standing with people sitting among the cows in the congregation of which he and buffaloes that were being shelwas an ordained elder. tered from the pouring rain out- side. There were no Christians in Of course as the church develops this village, but many candidates in experience and intelligence, for baptism had been prepared by measures such as this are more an enthusiastic evangelist and rare and less necessary, and per- were being examined for admission haps any system must be flexible to the church. The next day over enough to permit its adaptation to forty persons were baptized and a unusual conditions. group was started on the way to become a congregation. In the The "Mass Movement" two years following, they had had no resident pastor or teacher, but In order to appreciate what has had built a little shelter of a been accomplished in the growth thatched roof laid upon forked of this Church, one must know sticks and without walls. This something of the social conditions they called their church, and here in India, and particularly the so- they gathered for daily worship. cial degradation of the aboriginal Through all those months they had people. This social degradation endured persecution from thfl has no parallel in human society. farmers whose serfs they were. It is from among these people, who in the Punjab are called Chuhras, One afternoon there appeared that the great majority of the com- suddenly at my door three or four municants of this Church have men who were evidently much agibeen gathered. tated. The night before a Hindu girl had been murdered in this vil- Too hasty conclusions, however, lage and her jewelry stolen. The must not be formed with reference police accused a Christian boy of to the acceptance of Christianity the murder, and subjected his wife by the Chuhras. It never has been to most distressing torture under an easy thing for them to leave which she had confessed the guilt their age-long social customs, their of her husband, and now the boy mud altars, and often their friends was in jail. Would I intercede for and families, to become Christians. him? No, I would not interfere in Thousands have endured persecu- a criminal case in the court but tion and few have secured material would go to the village 'he next help after baptism. The movement day. has been essentially the result of the Gospel reaching the hearts of On arriving there, the young men, although its touch has often wife rushed screaming, to throw been light upon minds and hearts herself on the ground, catch me

THE STORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH

around the feet, and implore me to Self-Supporting Congregations free her husband and save her soul In the beginning of the Mission, as she had perjured herself under there was great concern that protorture. I remained in the village vision be made for the support of for hours, and was almost sure of the church by the Indian people. the innocence of the young man, Repeated references to the subject but was firm in declining to offer are found in the records of the any interference at the court in a Board and of the Mission. It is a criminal case. I explained to the question as to how much progress people that if the young man was would have been made, however, innocent, God could deliver him in if it had not been for the great answer to their prayers. They spiritual quickening that came to arranged to meet every night for certain of the Indian men. In the prayer for his deliverance. revival of 1896, following the visit of General Booth of the Salvation The young man was speedily Army to India, one of the pastors was greatly stirred and took a vow tried by an English judge and was A VILLAGE CHURCH sentenced to be hanged. All during his stay in prison he had in- that he would from that time forth sisted upon his innocence, and had take his support only from the In- dian Church. He was joined by shown a wonderful faith in the three of the seminary students in power of Christ to free him from this purpose, and through the years these have been joined by a any sentence. The day after that devoted band of fellow pastors. There are now sixty-eight selfset for his execution we were re- supporting congregations in the turning home from a distant point Church. through his village. I had been The Church in America might dreading the meeting with his well sit at the feet of this, her people. When we arrived there, Punjabi child, and learn lessons in stewardship. Poor with a poverty although it was mid-afternoon, the of which we can have no conceppeople were gathered in the little tion, they have given to the makshack which they called the church, ing of many rich. In many a and we heard their singing before village home, where the family we entered the village. When they practically lives on a ration, with saw us, they came rushing from so many fistfuls of meal being dealt the church with the news that the boy had been pardoned and sent home.

We called the boy and questioned him. All he knew was that on the morning on which he was to have been hanged the judge called for him and told him that he was free, giving him railway fare to return to his village. He said, "We all knew that Christ would deliver me just the way you had taught us." I was ashamed that I had taught them that Christ would deliver him and then had not believed that He would.

out for each member of the house- cated ministry in the midst of such hold before the baking, the house- crying need for pastors of churches wife puts into "God's jar" every composed of illiterate village peo- tenth fistful of meal. Such is a ple. At first none having less than fellowship that must enrich the a grammar school education were giver. admitted to the seminary; then While missionaries and pastors the standard was raised to admit are ever being made heartsick by only those having a high school the ignorance, superstition and training; now none are admitted degradation of the mass of the of lower qualifications than uni- Christian people, within that versity intermediate (junior col- Church there have repeatedly been lege) training. In 1915, the first such spiritual impulses as to keep man having a university degree hope and faith bright and strong. was graduated from the seminary In 1858, the missionaries reported and ordained. There are now sevwith joy the reflections they saw in eral such in training. The sem- India of the great revival of that inary has always been controlled year in America. These were es- by the Synod, which owns the en- tire plant used for its work. pecially marked among soldiers Money for land and buildings was and civilians' of the European pop- contributed from America. The ulation. In 1896, there came salaries of the missionary profesmarked times of refreshing to many schools, stations, and congre- sors are paid by the American gations. In 1904, there began the Church, but those of the two In- Sialkot Convention with its tides dian professors by the Church in of blessing reaching far beyond the India.

borders of the Punjab. Granted Space does not permit a discus- all the faith, courage and devotion sion of the interest of the Church of missionaries and pastors, with- in education in general. The cur- out these spiritual quickenings the riculum for the training of Chris- Church would have fallen far short tian youth ranges all the way from of her present accomplishments. the 150 Mission village schools For nothing else do pastors and through the university.

missionaries pray so earnestly as Evangelism and Missionary Spirit that this deep spiritual tide may be ever rising and filling the The proof of the vitality of a Church with divine power. church must be its evangelistic Christian Education and missionary efforts. Through all the years the spirit of evangel- From its begining, the Mission ism has been cultivated and the di- developed an educational work. rect and simple preaching of the Almost the first undertaking was Gospel has never been forsaken by theological training of two Chris- missionaries or pastors. In every tian workers in "didactic theology, station every year is held a summer the original languages of the Scrip- school, lasting generally for two or tures, Biblical criticism, and three weeks. Here the pastors, Church history." In 1871, there evangelists, and Christian teach- was established a theological sem- ers are gathered for Bible study inary which has had a difficult task and devotional meetings. Great to keep up the standard of an edu- stress is laid upon the obligation of

the Christian to witness to his since, that work has been mainfaith. tained with the support secured and the administration cared for Every winter there is a simul- by this Board of Home Missions. taneous campaign of evangelism. At this time a week or ten days is In 1916, the Mission gave over given by each congregation to the to the Synod, at its request, part preaching of the Gospel among the of a district adjacent to the field non-Christians and the selling of occupied by the Church, and in New Testament portions. Even 1927, the Synod assumed the supthe most ignorant members are port and administration of a whole trained to go out and sell these district. Negotiations are now Scripture portions and witness to under way between the Mission the power that they contain. There and the Synod for the latter to ashave been some remarkable results. sume the administration of all evangelistic work being done by If ever a Church could make a the Mission, together with the budlegitimate excuse for not helping get being received from America others because it had enough to do for that work. to help itself, this would be that Church. In 1908, as the result of Eoth missionaries and pastors revival, the Synod established a would be quick to admit, and would Board of Home Missions composed even insist, that this Church is entirely of Indian men. This ignorant and defective and is Board selected the most difficult scarcely more than embryonic in field it could find within the con- its development. Yet it proves fines of the Mission, sending its that the Gospel of Christ is indeed men out into a new territory the power of God unto salvation, among bigoted Moslems on the and is an earnest of what that Gosfrontier. For the twenty years pel will yet do for India.

CHRIST THE SIGNIFICANT FORCE IN INDIA Whether we look at India from the political, the social, the economic, the educational, the religious, or industrial point of view, the one force which is of the greatest significance is the Living Christ. He is th6' greatest dynamic and creative force in India to-day. I say this with great care and earnestness, for I realize how foolish it will sound to many, and how visionary to others. But when one reads history, when one studies the trends for the betterment of life-personal, social and national, and most of all when one walks in daily fellowship with Him, then it is that such a realization grows to conviction, but a conviction which bears the stamp of utter reality and fact. He is actually lifting men. He is changing men's lives. He is drawing men unto Himself. He is recreating institutions and customs, and He is creating in men a new life. And when I scan the horizon I see no comparable force.-Paul J. Braised, American Baptist, Telugu Mission, India.

EDUCATION IN

BY ARTHUR T. MAYHEW, C.LE.

Ji'O>rmer Got:ernmcnt Director of Public Instruction in the Central Provinces, India N O ONE could accuse the Some home critics suggest that Christian missionary in In- educational ambition leads mis- d i a of self-complacency. sions to neglect their evangelical The Commission which is to inves- calling; while perhaps as many tigate his educational work in that protest that the evangelist must country will find a congenial at- follow in the tracks of the school- mosphere of genuine humility. It master. We hope that the Com- will not bring to light many defects mission will not try to "reconcile"

or problems hitherto ignored by claims which are really indistin- labourers in the field. But by the guishable from one another. The marshalling of facts and figures education that India needs is evan- which individual missions and peri- gelical education, saturated with odic conferences have had no time the spirit of Christianity. The to assemble, and by a comprehen- Christianity that India needs is sive survey of their significance, it enlightened Christianity that not will be able to indicate which of only appeals to the heart, but en- the many problems are the most lists all the faculties in the devel- vital and to suggest perhaps a opment of the arts and sciences more scientific method of ap- under the guidance of the Holy proaching them. The information Spirit. The Commission's task is that it will give to isolated work- to see how, on the one hand, mis- ers all over India concerning aims, sion education can be made more methods and results in other parts Christian, and how, on the other of the vast field will in itself jus- hand, broad and comprehensive tify its establishment. To some curricula, conceived in a Christian extent its path has been prepared spirit with reference to national by the systematic labors of the All needs, can be more effectively India and Provincial Missionary taught.

Councils. But the inclusion in the About seventy-five years ago, Commission of members with ex- Alexander Duff and John Wilson pert knowledge of educational determined the broad lines on work outside India guarantees a which mission education has since freshness of view that will be wel- advanced and in particular its rela- comed by these Councils in whom tions to the Government system of familiarity with the problems has education. Today, in British In- bred not contempt for the prob- dia, '" missions are responsible for lems so much as diffidence in them- the education of more than 347,000 selves. It will also reassure organ- scholars and spend from their own isers and supporters of mission funds, pupils' fees and Government work in the home countries whose grants, more than £777,000 ($3,- uneasiness regarding Christian education in India is not always • Except where otherwise stated, the statisallayed by mission reports conspic- tiCR and opinions contaiIwd in this article refer uous for their honesty rather than for their optimism. to British India. The writer is aware of the importaJl~e of the work uwlertaken hy missions in the stutes ruled hy the Indian Princes. but has no accurate information regarding its progress and prol)]cms.

732 885,000) thereon. For India as a The Commission may then try to whole, including native states, they ascertain from parents and exeducate 646,000 scholars, spending students whether mission instituon them more than $8,000,000. tions have for them any such dis- These figures indicate the heavy tinctive aim and atmosphere. They responsibility that they have in- are too likely to find that the chief curred. So far, however, as num- purpose which these institutions bers go, mission institutions play are supposed to serve is prepararelatively a less important part to- tion for public examinations. The day than they did in 1854 when they devout lives and personal examples came into the government system. of missionaries and individual Though they are responsible for masters, the disciplinary effect of the 251'0 of the girls in high schools school and hostel, daily prayers and and for 20% of the women who are Bible instruction, will have meant taking a university course, the pro- much for many of them. But unportion in the case of male scholars derlying all this will be a convicis much smaller, amounting in the tion that the schools' operations case of primary schools to only 3%. have been determined by examina- tions in which religion plays no What Duff did not and could not part, by courses of instruction anticipate was the growth, side by framed by authorities pledged to side with government and mission religious neutrality and by examinstitutions, of colleges and schools ination exigencies which have controlled by local authorities de- involved the exclusion from odibarred from all religious opera- nary instruction of every item tions, by private Indian agencies calculated to stimulate religious indifferent to religion, and by managing bodies animated by a interest. A teacher who is to be distinctively Mohammedan or Bud- an effective agent in securing a dhist spirit. He would probably diploma for his pupils cannot conbe the first to admit that the sys- centrate attention on aspects of a subject which examiners are comtem of education of which mission pelled to ignore. The Government institutions now form a part could Inspection Report must make no not be described as a whole, by the reference to religious instruction, most optimistic observer, as a which is discreetly kept out of the way on inspection days and so be- Christian system. comes in the eyes of parents and One of the most interesting and pupils a by-product.

significant educational institutions The Commission may then proin India today is that supported ceed to investigate the aims and and inspired by the Bengali poet, methods of the Hindu University Rabindranath Tagore. It will be at Benares and the Mohammedan worth while for the Commission to University at Aligarh. Among inquire why Tagore, one of the fin- much that may be open to critiest educational minds in India, cism, they will find proof in these keeps "Shantiniketan" (abode of universities of a conviction that Hindu and Mohammedan culture peace) outside the system of edu- and religion demand for their decation organised and controlled by velopment and expression instituthe Government. One of his rea- tions and systems of public examsons is certainly that inclusion in ination which emphasize, in a such a system would mean the loss of the schools' distinctive aim and individual atmosphere.

manner that impresses the general and economic aspiratians that the public, what is distinctive in their student world derives from the attraditions. And they will ask masphere af nationalism in which themselves whether it is nat prac- it lives, and to emphasize the conticable to. devise for Christian In- tributian that the Western world dia a system af distinctively Chris- expects from India. In particular, tian schools cUlminating in and it must learn that the Christ wham dominated by a Christian univer- they are to find on the Indian Road sity, and whether such a system is to be born again in India. might nat exist side by side with the "neutral" Gavernment system, That the first object of mission while cantinuing, like the Hindu education must be the edification and Mahammedan universities, to of the Christian community will enjoy the recognition and financial probably be accepted by all. Sta- tistically there is no. Indian comassistance of the Gavernment. munity in India, except the Parsee, The Commissian will nate in this which appraaches the Christian achievements in education. And cannectian that missian institu- the Parsees, as a small non-prasetians in British India receive from lytising and materially prosperous public funds slightly more than the cammunity, may be left aut af acsum of nearly £217,000 ($1,085,- count. Of the Indian Christian 000), that their supporters can- male papulatian 19%, and of the female 5% are under instructian, tribute and enjay a fee incame of as campared with seven and eight over £200,000 ($1,000,000). Anx- per cent of the Hindu and seven ious enquiry into. the bearing af and one per cent of the Mohammepolitical questions an the expecta- dan population. The papulatian af tion of support from the Govern- schaalgaing age af India is usually ment and the public will prabably taken at about 1570 of the tatal papulatian. Viewed relatively ar reveal that there has been no with- absalutely, the Christian figures drawal af such suppart during the are amazingly gaad, if the mass ten years that educatian in each movements tawards Christianity pravince has been cantralled by an and the large additian af illiterate Indian Minister responsible to a converts in recent years are barne Provincial Council, and will sug- in mind. Christian male students gest that a large measure of inde- of universities represent 12 in pendence, if wan by India, will not every 10,000 af the tatal male be detrimental to. any system of Christian papulation, against five af mission education, however dis- and two per cent far Hindus and tinctively Christian, pravided that Mohammedans respectively. Feit is also consistent with national male Christian university students aspirations and conducive to the are nearly as numeraus as Hindu cultural development of India. students who. represent a papula- tion nearly 80 times as large, and How this can best be secured will are ten times as numeraus as Mano. daubt farm one impartant sec- hammedan students who. came tian of the Commission's enquiry. fram a papulation 28 times as For a larger measure of Oriental large. studies there seems unfartunately to be no demand. But a mare de- But there are dangers ahead. Of terminated effart must be made to recognise and direct in all higher educatian, the palitical, cultural

MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA

the Christian population 20% are monly described as "lehvening the still illiterate. With an annual in- lump." It is due to men such as came of abaut 10,000 converts, the Miller of Madras, and to colleges number of those requiring a Chris- like Wilson College, Bombay, that tian primary school is growing the intelligentsia of India has been rapidly. The number af Christian infected and inspired by Christian pupils in primary schaols exceeds influence and that social and re- the total enrollment of mission ligious reform movements, both primary schools; as these contain Hindu and Mohammedan, have ac- many non-Christian pupils there quired a distinctive Christian fla- must be very many Christian pu- vor. What has to be decided is the pils in non-Christian schools. The extent to. which principles, un- fact that missions are bearing 13% doubtedly sound, can wisely be of the burden of university educa- supplied. Soup cannot be watered tian and only three per cent of the progressively withaut losing its primary education af India, sug- efficacy. One suspects a weaken- gests that they may be, like In- ing in the motive power of Chris- dians as a whole, devating tao tianity when one visits mission much of their funds and energy to institutions where 75% or more of higher education and building on the staff and pupils are non-Chris- too narrow a base. If Christian tian, where Christian inspiration India is resolved to. share in the depends an the weekly visit of an education of nan-Christian India, overwarked missionary, and where is not the educatian of the masses local popularity is due either to entitled to mare attention? And comparatively low fees or com- are not the towns getting more paratively goad examination re- than the villages from them? sults.

No Christian community can be The consistent Christian mis- expected to confine its educational sion institution of today is ethically benefits to its professed adherents. far mare influential than the aver- But it must guard against any sur- age Government institution. Few render of Christian interests. We wauld claim the same superiarity are indeed taught to give freely of for the average mission institution our best to others; but we must without searching examination not, for the sake of others, sur- which it is to be hoped the Com- render what is essential to prep- missian will carry out. Mere add- aration for Christian service. ing to the number of Hindu and Christian pravision for the educa- Mohammedan graduates in India tion of non-Christians in India is is not an essential portion of the justifiable an three conditions: Christian Church's task. There is (a) that the needs of the Christian no lack of other work more dis- community have been adequately tinctively Christian in aim by met; (b) that Christian life and which local opinions can be con- teaching are a vital and essential ciliated and contact with non- part of the education provided; Christian society maintained.

and (c) that the atmosphere is not Arrangements for the supply of unfavorably affected by a predom- Christian teachers to meet present inance of non-Christian masters needs and future development and scholars. must be carefully investigated. It Great and honored names are is impossible to get statistical in- associated with the process com- formation regarding the number

Qf Christian teachers in India; the unfit fQr academic studies into. absence of figures suggests the commercial or industrial trainneed fQr a cQmprehensive survey. ing-all these CQncern the missiQn The 18 missiQn training schQQls educatiQnists just as much as Edu- catiQn Departments of India. with 960 students may suffice fQr MQre particularly, the Hartog Rethe 278,000 Christians under in- port emphasizes the grQwing need structiQn, but there are altogether for expert guidance, if education 347,000 scholars for whom the mis- is to be less wasteful and more sions are responsible. effective. To the stock Qf expert opiniQn the coming Commission The CQmmissiQn will study with will make a valuable cQntribution. special interest the recent Report If it does its work properly, its Qf the HartQg Committee, which members will return wiser but not, we hope, sadder, men. What is, has investigated Indian education perhaps, most important, they will fQr the StatutQry CQmmissiQn deal- by their devoted labors give a coning with the Indian cQnstitutiQn. vincing proQf to. India that Chris- The prQblems which this report tian missions are determined to emphasizes-the short school life find enlightened and effective and irregular attendance in pri- means of advancing the moral and mary schQols, the need for a material welfare Qf that CQntinent. broader basIs fQr secQndary education, the development of vocational aptitude, and the diversion Qf thQse VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA BY REV. C. H. LOEHLlN ]fissfonary of the Prcs1J1fteria.n Church in the U. R. A.

C RISES in the mission fields the Outcaste. FQr nearly a hun- seem perennial; but they dred years, in our Punjab Mission are none the less real and area, God has been chQosing. "the challenging for that. The crisis base things of the world, and the that at present faces the village things that are despised, yea, and church Qf India, is, on the one the things that are nQt," fQr buildhand, encouraging; for it has been ing the village church. For long brQught about largely Qn aCCQunt years the missionary and the Inof aggressive evangelistic work in dian evangelist labored amQng the the villages. On the other hand, Qutcastes alone, without let or hinit presents a cQmpeliing challenge drance. But not so any IQnger. bQth to. the Church in India, and The Hindus and the Mohammealso to the Church in America to. dans are now awake to the potenredouble Qur evangelistic effQrts tial value of this scrapped human nQW, lest we see the peril and gird material. The Hindus are now up our loins when it is too late. appropriating this material to build up their religious and PQliti- What is this crisis? Briefly, in cal community. The Mohammea figUre, it is this. For building dans are doing likewise. The the church, the prime requisite is liberal Hindus, thrQugh their Arya material. In India, the material Somaj SQciety, even send out mishas been that thrown out on the siQnaries to. the depressed classes. waste heap by Hinduism, namely,

VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA

The material that is immediately and political upheaval not only are available for building up and the Hindus and Mohammedans re- strengthening the village Chris- acting to the dynamic of evangeli-· tian Church is in danger of slip- cal Christianity and to the impact ping beyond our grasp. of Western civilization and cul- Missionaries cannot evangelize ture, striving to increase prestige India. That must be done by the and influence by enrolling the out- Indian Church. We missionaries castes and by directly attacking must work through and with the Christianity, but the outcastes Indian Church. Good strategy themselves are aroused and on the would seem to say, "Evangelize move. They have organizations India's villages by building up the and hold conventions. The Maz- village church as rapidly as pos- habi Sikhs (outcaste hangers-on sible. Tackle the problem of high of the Sikhs) some time ago held caste evangelization through the a convention and issued a printed Christian Church." And yet, after statement in Punjabi to this ef- nearly one hundred years, we have fect : "We are tired of being in our mission area a total Chris- treated like cattle by the Sikhs.

tian community of only 42,000, out We ought to stand upon our own of a total outcaste community of feet. We intend to unite ourselves about 750,000. In other words, we with either the Arya, the Moham- have effectively reached only about medan, or the Christian religion, one-twentieth of the outcaste com- whichever can wipe out caste dis- munity we are responsible for. tinctions and receive us."

Nineteen-twentieths are still out- Is not this a fact full of signifi- side the Christian community. We cance and encouragement? The have not, in many cases, had the village church is weak, yet the re- resources, human and material, to ligion it represents is placed by hold those we have gained, to say these outcastes on a par with nothing of extending our efforts. Hinduism and Mohammedanism, Of this 42,000 baptized com- with all their prestige and wealth.

munity, it should be noted that Our missionary efforts have been only about 5,000 are full communi- inadequate, yet they have been re- cant church members and only spected by friends and foes alike.

about one-eighth have been effec- The outcaste may be depressed and tively taught. It is this infant illiterate but he is no fool. He church that must withstand the knows that his first friends were onslaughts of such organizations the Christians, and that today he as the Arya Samaj of the Hindus, can have real fellowship only from and the Ahmadiya sect of the Mo- the Christians. He wants to stand hammedans, both of which make on his own feet and get some- Christianity the special object of where; but he is puzzled. He their attacks. The Church in would probably like to come our India must meet organized opposi- way, and enter the Christian fold, tion which has wealth, tradition, as many of his friends and rela- and education back of it. Can the tives have already done; but he is Church in America fail to stand flattered by the attention of his back of the Church in India in this masters who once decreed him an time of crisis? outcaste. Will the Church receive . In this time of religious, social, him and see him through?

2 BY THE REV. ERDMANN D. BEYNON PaBtM, Oentenary Magyar Methodist Ohurch, Detroit, Michigan T HOUGH the strait which di- danced in the light of the flame of vides Bali from Java is so the funeral pyre. It was an at- narrow that one can easily tempt to portray the mysteries of look across it on a clear day, a life and death, joy arid pain, the whole world of thought divides the hero tales of the Mahabharata and two islands. Since Islam over- the Ramayana and the craving of threw the Majapahit dynasty in the soul for release from its temple Java four centuries ago, Hinduism of clay. When the dance was has been extinct on the larger is- ended, Szoemba lay exhausted on land; but the worship of Siva the ground beside the smouldering flourishes today on, Bali as per- pyre. Her American admirer haps nowhere even in India. The picked her up, paid her relatives beauty of Bali's scenery, the splen- the 2,000 Netherlands forint-the dor of its temples and the artless price of a bride-and took her to charm of its inhabitants combine live with him in a hut he had built in drawing to this remote island in the dense woods on the moun- travelers from the entire civilized tainside. They were not left unworld. Such a traveler in search of disturbed in their sylvan retreat.

adventure was Arnaldo Cipolla, a It was that very summer of 1926 young Italian who spent some when Batoer began to belch forth months in Bali in the summer of lava upon all the surrounding 1926. For a time he made his countryside. From the devastated headquarters at the pasanggrahan villages the bewildered peasants or resthouse built by the Dutch flocked toward the lake. They Government for the use of travel- pas sed Szoemba's hut. They ers, high up in the mountains at stopped and begged her to appease Kintamani. Near by is the double- the angry god. "Perchance it is coned active volcano of Batoer, one through love of you that Siva is of the mountains of Goenoeng destroying our country. Will you Agoeng, the mass of high moun- give yourself to him to save your tains which fills the eastern end of people?" The American begged her Bali. to flee with him to safety. It was In a neighboring village he saw of no avail. "I must save my peo- fourteen-year-old Szoemba, one of pIe," Szoemba said. Once more the Legong dancing girls at Siva's . she put on the golden crown and temple. Cipolla tells how a young the garment of glittering silk. At- American, who also was staying at tended by the weird music of the the resthouse at that time, became gamelang, she advanced from her madly in love with the beautiful hut directly toward the volcano. Szoemba. It was the occasion of In time the American heard the her last dance, in honor of the cre- gamelang no longer. It had ceased mation of the body of a prince of to play. The natives who escorted one of the native dynasties. With her toward the volcano were hur- a gold crown on her head and a rying back. But Szoemba did not .garment of sparkling silk, she come back. The eruption ceased 738

BELOVED OF SIVA

shortly after. When the lava a r y Society-Utrechtsche Zend- cooled they found her body. The ingsvereeniging-has done work gold crown had melted into her on Bali. After many vicissitudes face. Her body had been burnt to it seems to have gained a stable cinders. The peasants guard her foothold. As long as Bali re- memory, for they believe that her mained "unspoiled," as the Tourist willing sacrifice of herself to Siva Agencies put it, such missionary saved them from his anger. effort was probably equal to the Szoemba's dance· of de a t h situation. Today, however, Bali startled Cipolla and showed him is receiving such publicity as it that he had only partially under- never received before, in America, stood the Balinese character. On England, Italy, France, Germany, the surface the Balinese seem to be Hungary and many other coun- all softness, creatures of sunshine tries. It is being represented as a and dance and song. Yet there veritable garden of Eden, where were few places in all the Nether- the "tired businessman" may go lands East Indies where the Dutch and sate himself with pleasure at had a more desperate struggle to the expense of the innocent, mirth- gain control. .In 1844 the Rajas of ful inhabitants. Pictures of Balin- Boeleleng – the principality of ese maidens with sarongs reaching North Bali, to which belonged up only to their waists and carry- Singaradja, the present capital- ing on their heads offerings of and Karangasem-the principality fruit, flowers and rice to the tem- at the east of the island-asserted ples-such are the advertisements their "shore rights," i. e., the right which some tourist and steamship to loot wrecked ships. From that agencies use to induce adventurers time on the Dutch sent expedition to visit Bali.

after expedition against one after Bali will not long be unspoiled.

another of the nine principalities Can it be won for Christ before of Bali. It was only in 1908 that the adventurers of Western lands Dutch rule became supreme over ruin the very soul of the people?

the entire island, though even now Can that heroism such as Szoemba the regents of Bangli and Gianjar displayed be turned toward the and the Raja of Karangasem still salvation of the Balinese from enjoy some shadow of autonomy moral ruin? The most prominent under Dutch supervision. The feature of the Balinese landscape assertion of "shore rights" and the today is the ever-present poera or long struggle of these petty princi- village temple. If these temples palities against the foreign invader could be transformed from the showed that the Balinese have a worship of Siva to that of Christ, sterner, darker side to their char- Bali might not be so attractive to acter. the adventurer from the West, but The Balinese to-day n u m b e r the Balinese race would be saved roughly one million, and they pre- from its doom, a doom which sent to Christianity one of its big- awaits it in a very few years un- gest challenges in this decade. For less Christian missionaries use this many years the Utrecht Mission- opportunity.

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS DE-

VELOP SELF-SUPPORTING CHURCHES?

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL " T Secr6tary~ Presbyterian Board of l?Qrciyn Missions, New York HE poverty of China is and his reputation. It will be great, for I was born there necessary to call on the borrower and have seen it. But it is for the interest as he will likely nothing like that of India where I forget the day it is due. He has no now live." This is the substance calendar in his mud hut and one of a statement made to me some day is much like another. It may time ago by one of our missionary take much time to extract an anna women. I have just spent two from a borrower who declares he months in India and am now on has not got it. Harsh words and my way to China via Siam and the blows may be necessary. This Philippines. I expect to see pov- means exertion, particularly in the erty in China in the wake of the hot season when the thermometer armies and the brigands. Neither is 120 degrees in the shade. It is one leaves much behind. Yet the a gambler's chance on the return Chinese are thrifty. I am told that of the principle, this tending of a Chinese village always has three money to the poor Indian villager.

animals-a pig, a chicken and a So the money lender, for self-pro- dUCk. What the pig leaves from tection as well as for reimburse- the family larder, the chicken gets, ment for his effort-and it is real and what the chicken misses in the work-charges a rate of interest pool or canal the duck swallows. that seems to us like getting back I doubt if the average Indian viI- your money on the installment lager has such a well stocked farm plan. At any rate, this system is yard. In fact he is a farm laborer one which results in keeping· the with a wage of about two to four average villager in debt for the cents a day. Finding it difficult to rest of his life, and it gives the support his family on this sum, he money lender plenty of exercise, approaches the money lender. If vocal and pedal, in collecting his the latter is willing to accommo- interest.

date him with a loan at the "low If perchance the villager has a rate" of one anna per month for marriageable daughter, or worse each rupee, the borrower has as- luck more than one such liability, sumed an obligation of paying 12 the cost of the wedding ceremony annas per year on 16 loaned, or will never be less than one year's 750/0. If the money lender has income. It may be more. He visions of more than ordinary diffi- simply cannot "lose face" in his culty in collecting his principle, he community by "bucking" age-old will likely charge from 125 to custom. He accepts the inevitable, 200%. throws prudence to the winds, If this appears to you as usury, feeds everybody with rice and ponder this fact. The intending curry, and sinks deeper into debt.

borrower probably has no other I draw this picture so that you collateral than his earning capacity may see its relation to the problem 740 of developing a self-supporting to help those abroad who help Church by the villagers of India. themselves. Therefore I was in- We need this setting for our prob- terested to learn what the local lem. Otherwise we shall not under- Christians would do. This touched stand it and might reach false the heart of the problem. We sepconclusions because of wrong arated with this challenge. promises. A sympathetic acquaintance with conditions is essential. Since further contact with vil- lage conditions in all of Presby- I must confess that upon my terian Missions in India, I have first contact with India's poverty- concluded that it will not take a stricken Christians, I was dis- century for the Church to reach self-support. Only to a limited exmayed. The situation seemed well tent was I able to see what some nigh hopeless. I reasoned that of the other Mission Boards in perhaps in a hundred years, when India are doing with this question the economic level may be higher of self support. However, I have and the income of the village Chris- seen the report* of a very complete tians greater, they may be able to survey of conditions made over an support the Church. But this is a extensive area, and I have been long time to· wait. Two months heartened by the facts it presents. have slipped by since I sat one I want to share with you some of morning under the open sky at a its information. village edge, conferring with the leading men and the district mis- I am convinced that self-support sionary about their need of a in India and in every other land is church building.. One of them de- a spiritual problem. It is also an clared that more important than economic problem, psychological building the church was the remis- problem, and an educational probsion of the poll tax of eight annas lem, but these latter are suba year (16 cents) on each family. ordinate however to the main one. As I was a foreigner, he seemed to In the last analysis, it comes down think that I had sufficient author- to just this: Has the individual ity with the Government to regu- sufficient spiritual life to do what late the taxes! One needs only to is required? Economic status may get away from home, you see, to affect the amount of the gift, but be lifted to a place of honor, im- it will not determine the quality aginary though it may be. It was of it or effect the practice of givplain that this brother could not be ing. The psychological attitude dealt with on a spiritual level. I of inability to give which so many was glad that others in the group of the villagers of India, and of strenuously opposed his view. America for that matter, have, can They had some spiritual insight. be changed through education, One even suggested that if all the provided the individual is spirit- Christians would pray for ten days ually and not carnally minded. consecutively for the necessary land, one of the land owners of the If the whole matter is put upon community would give it to them. a spiritual plane at the outset, This revealed progress in our in- there is certainty of success. That terview. Through an interpreter this is not merely theoretical and I tried to get across to them the pious reasoning, I shall prove from idea that American Christians like * Self-Support jn Village Chul'ches, A r€'port of a survey, by C. H. Loehlin.

facts presented in Mr. Loehlin's Christian Church take them into report. I heard the statements account?

presented that morning on the edge It is being done in certain quart- of the village summed up in, "We ers. In the district of Dornakal in are too poor to give." I heard it East Central India, the Indian again in places inside and outside Anglican Bishop heartily believes of India. I knew that those who in self-support. A village congre- said it were poor. Some of them gation planned to build a 500 rupee probably poorer than anybody in church. They asked aid from the the United States. But even so, Diocesan Fund. The Bishop told they are not too poor to give some- them he knew a better way than thing. I feel that a mistake has that to get the money. He called been made in too ready acceptance together the women of the congre- by the Church in America and by gation and asked them what could some of the missionaries of the be done. They all thought the psychological attitude "too poor to church was too poor to raise the give." Judged by our American money. "Will all the women who standards of living, it is easy and prepare only one meal a day for natural to accept the statement the family, please come over to that a person who seldom if ever this side," said the Bishop. Not knows the satisfaction of having one arose. It was evident that had enough to eat, and who is im- every family had at least two meals mersed in debt, is too poor to give a day. There was some grain at anything, even to the Lord's work. hand, so the Bishop said: "I want Yet such persons can give work or you to give for the building of your a part of their daily food, rice or church enough grain or flour, each other grain, and occasionally, when day, as will reach up to the middle they have any money they can give joint of your fingers, when you a portion of that. measure out the grain for the fam- In developing giving, we should ily meal. He then measured out ask: What support before conver- before them what would make a sion have the people given to their week's offering of this sort. With former religion? One person told eighty families making contribu- me that converts could not be ex- tions in this manner, the value at pected to give as much to the sup- the end of a year would equal about port of Christianity as to idolatry, 150 rupees. The women saw the because Christianity lifts them to point and agreed to try this better a higher social plane with conse- plan. What was the result? The quent higher cost of family mainte- first year's gifts amounted to more nance. The amount spent in the than 150 rupees. At the end of the support of idolatry, even by the three years, the congregation de- poor, is in the aggregate a huge cided that they would like to have sum annually. The Hindu shop- a church worth double what they keeper, when he opens his shop had originally planned and they each day, puts a pice (0 cent) decided to build it all from their aside for the temple. The income own offerings. Compute what the from land owned by the Hindu members of that church gained in temple goes to the priest. The spiritual values by their own ef- Hindus are accustomed to these in- forts. They secured values that digenous methods of the support of could come to them in no other religion. Why should not the way. Though the church structure

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS

was delayed, every member was in things practical, carpentry and growing in grace and was experi- weaving, so that he can go into a encing the daily joy of giving. village and support himself while Their building is a monument to a conducting religious services and method which can be copied any- teaching the children to read.

where in the foreign field. It is Seven men thus trained are now not patented nor copyrighted. in service. A like number of Mis- Another indigenous method in sion paid workers are thus set free India is the offering at the festival for work elsewhere.

held at harvest time. Pastors have At Ongole, the Baptists are urg- their people assemble. One villager ing self-support by having the In- may bring a chicken, another a dian pastor farm a piece of land goat, another a calf, according to given by the Mission, or work as ability. In the Dornakal Diocese an artisan, say a leather worker.

most of the gifts come from the What the pastors thus earn is sup- daily handsful of grain throughout plemented by the harvest festival the year, the next largest amounts offerings of the Christians. This come from the gifts at the harvest again is an indigenous method. The festivals, and the least amount United Presbyterians in India ex- comes from the subscription lists pect their Indian pastors to be of actual money. These Christians responsible for raising their own are the poorest of the poor; they salaries. It is said that this plan live in straw huts and sleep on the keeps the pastor busy, for the ground. The reason that they give Pun jab i Christian wants his as they do, is because they have money's worth. Unless the pastor been taught to do it from the very is faithful to his duty of teaching, beginning. It was a part of their preaching and visitation, the peo- instruction in the Christian Way ple delay their offerings. In South of Life. They were not considered India the daily gift of grain from "too poor to give." They were the family food supply is generally told that every Christian must give practised by the rural Christians.

according to ability. Consequently Earthenware jars for holding the they have grown up as Christians Lord's par t ion are distributed believing that they should give and among the people and are widely they experience real joy in doing used. The Roman Catholics, who it. The ordinary way of doing would never admit the principle things seems to have been reversed that people are "too poor to give,"

at Dornakal and with excellent re- are said in South India to require sults. Instead of the Mission start- of the fisherfolk the catch on Fri- ing the work and then gradually day for the Church.

withdrawing, the Indian Chris- The individual gifts of the In- tians themselves saw the need in dian Christians in the areas re- Dornakal, began the work, and ferred to are not large, about one now three English missionaries are rupee (36 cents) per year. It may there working under an Indian look pitifully small. In the aggre- Bishop. No expensive buildings gate, however, it is producing self- are put up, but what is within the support, giving large numbers in ability of the Indian Christians to the Church the joy of accomplish- provide and to maintain. While ment developing independent rath- the Indian evangelist is trained in er than dependent, servile, parasitic things Biblical he is also instructed· Christians, the sort of folk on

whom we can depend to do their ing. We must be careful not to share, according to ability, of evan- repress or discourage this expresgelizing their fellow nationals. I sion. The Mission's psychological have drawn most of my illustra- attitude regarding the new betions from India, because if the liever's status must be "ability to Christian Church can attain self- give." "They can who think they support there, poverty stricken as can" was one of the mottoes used most of the Christians are, it can with excellent effect in it series of attain it anywhere. missionary conventions in America some years ago. I commend it to Evangelism which rightly urges the Christians of rising churches the giving of the heart to God must in non-Christian lands. I commend include the giving of possessions. it likewise to those missionaries There has been too much leaning who have the privilege of the early on foreign help in many quarters. training in stewardship of those who are just learning to take the The psychological attitude "too first steps in the way of the life poor" to give can be changed by abundant. education to "I want to give." Love expresses itself in an offer- WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM The following statistics from France-Paris Rapt. llfctn, The Lutheran of June 19, are im- Montbeliard …….. . pressively of special interest in Alsace …………. . 27,570 connection with the four hundredth 245,077 anniversary of the Augsburg Con- Holland ………….. . 85,000 Italy ……………. . fession this year. 986 North America COUNTRIES IN WHICH LUTHER- 4,505,286 ANISM IS ACTIVE IN 1930 United States and Canada 13,000 Greenland ………… . 80 Europe Bapt. Mem. Mexico …………… . 158 Cuba ……………. . 1,492 Denmark …………. . 3,364,500 Porto Rico ……….. . 1,961 Iceland …………… . 102,400 Virgin Island ……… . Norway ………….. . 60,817 Sweden ………….. . 2,200,000 South America 6,484 Finland ………….. . 6,051,000 Esthonia …………. . 3,426,060 Brazil …………… . 40,000 Latvia …………… . Argentina ………… . 4,000 Germany …………. . 870,000 Chile ……………. . 4,000 Danzig ………….. . 1,055,167 Paraguay ………… . 3,000 Austria ………….. . 30,182,421 Uruguay …………. . Czecho-Slovakia ……. . Dutch Guiana …….. . 319,440 Poland ………….. . 560 52,000 Lithuania ………… . 248,078 Asia 2,475 Russia …………… . 553,927 Hungary …………. . 537,000 India ……………. . 337,805 Rumania …………. . China ……………. . Jugo-Slavia 60,000 Japan …………… . 45,708 920,000 491 German ………… . 492,695 Africa Slovak …………. . 405,668 Switzerland ………. . Africa 120,000 55,000 Australia 1,000 Australia …………. . New Zealand ……… .

Grand Total of World Lutheranism ……. . 56,122,101

WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB-CONSCIOUS

INDIA?

BY THE REV. EMIL W. MENZEL lIfissiQrl,ury oj the Eva.rngcliool Synod oj North America T HE 5,000,000 reported Chris- ably far stronger than any direct tians in India are far from appeal a preacher can make. evenly distributed. In some This was well illustrated recent- sections of South India as high as ly in our own field. In the village one-third or even one-half of the of Sankra, five years ago, there population is Christian, while in was not one Christian. Fifteen other large areas there is not a years before a man and his family single Christian. Sakti State, with had become Christian and they a population of about 45,000, has were promptly chased out of the no Christians, while Jaspur State, village. Then, one family became less than a hundred miles away, Christian and remained in Sankra.

has thousands. Nor does it depend Today in that village, after five entirely on how much missionary years, there are 119 Christians, work has been done in any partic- making Sankra perhaps the strong- ular area. Madras, where the In- est outstation in our mission. The dian Christians have become a real state of mind in the two neighbor- power, has probably not had much ing villages is such that we have more missionary attention than reason to hope the thing will be many another section of northern repeated there. There has really or central India where the progress not been any individual responsible has been painfully slow. Even for the happening. It was rather locally we notice the difference. the power of suggestion spreading In Sakti State more work has been through the village.

done and over a longer period of Stanley Jones' brilliant work in time than in Sarangarh State, yet India is based on the assumption in the former perhaps three Chris- that the intelligentsia of India is tians have come out and in the further advanced in Christian latter two hundred. thought than either we or those Its the old story of "unto every- affected have rea liz e d. And one that hath shall be given." The through his meetings and round more Chrstians there are in a 10- table discussions he has drawn into cality the better the chance of in- the conscious mind of numerous creasing numbers. This is partly educated Indians many a Christian due to the fact that, while we all thought with which their subcon- pretend to be leaders, only very scious mind has for some time been few of us really are, but wait for at grips. Sub-conscious India may someone else to show us the way. be nearer Christianity than con- It is also due to the fact that going scious India realizes. At least that in company with others lends us is the impression one gets when both courage and conviction. But one reads the constantly increasing there is still a third reason, namely amount of semi-Christianized liter- that the subconscious appeal, ature which score upon score of which automatically comes through prominent Hindu leaders are turn- seeing other Christians, is prob- ing out. They are simply reading 745

Christian content into their Hindu to the refrain "and they have taken traditions, and realize only faintly, these almost aboriginal and drunk- if at all, the true source from en peoples like the Ouraons and which they are absorbing their Mundaris and made intelligent and ideas. educated peoples of them." He Just the other day I had an ex- recited how the Christian communi- perience which may prove to be an ties, though of most lowly origin example of how the subconscious and in the minority, forced the mind in India is being affected by rajahs of some of the most despotic Christianity. My family and I and backward native states to were on the train going from more progressive rule. I can still Raipur to Sakti. Two Indian hear him repeat and repeat- gentlemen were in the same com- "those Christians are always on partment with us, and from their the side of progress. In one gen- conversation it was apparent that eration they have made college both were public school officials, students out of savages that used fairly high up· in service. As we to drink themselves to death."

passed Tilda, where our new hos- For almost an hour we conpital is being puilt, one of the In- versed, most of the time being dian gentlemen inquired of me taken by the Inspector General of about the hospital. The conversa- public schools in east Chota Nagtion went on real tamely until one pur, in telling about the mission of the men made a remark that institutions and the Christian com- "there are only very few Chris- munity in and about Ranchi. I tians in India and they are not said little. A Hindu was saying very strong." what I wanted said to the third At this his companion, from his man, more eloquently than I could appearance undoubtedly an ortho- have said it. And, finally, the man dox Hindu, interposed-"But, you who made the remark about there must not judge from what you see not being any Christians in India here. You should go to Chota turned to me and said, "I suppose Nagpur and see what the Chris– you people are going to make tians are doing there." (NOTE:- Christians out of all of us."

Chhattisgarh in which we are How did he get that way? No- working is one of the backward body had said anything to him sections of India and has proved to calling for that remark, unless his be one of the most stubborn in the own subconscious mind told him acceptance of Christianity. Chota that Christianity is supplying Nagpur, a neighboring state, and something to the development of the particular field of the Gassner India and the Indians without Mission, has been quite responsive, which you simply cannot do.

in some sections one-third of the The work in our own Chhattispopulation having been affected.) garh district has been most uphill, Then this man went on to tell of but the power of suggestion, which the excellent schools which both at present is only tugging away at Roman Catholics and Lutherans subconscious Chhattisgarh, will conduct in Ranchi, the hospitals, soon break through into the con- trade schools, orphanages, welfare sciousness of many. And it will do organizations, and ·churches. Not it with such force that there can once, but again and again, he came be no mistaking its identity.

JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA*

BY CHARLES JOHNSTON JULY 4, 1776, is a significant modify or restrict the degree of date, as is July 14, 1789. The responsible government" after the corresponding day for India is act had been in force for ten years. Aug. 20, 1917. But India's decla- This commission was duly ap- ration was not made in India, nor pointed with Sir John Simon as by one or many natives of India. chairman, and, after two visits to It was made in the British House India, it has submitted to his of Commons by Edwin Samuel Majesty King George the two vol- Montagu, M. P., at that time and umes of the report.

for the next five years Secretary The first volume, entitled "Sur- of State for India. The heart of vey," gives an outline of the his- that declaration is in the first tory and geography of India in paragraph: dignified and diplomatic language.

"The policy of his Majesty's We may, perhaps, allow ourselves Government, with which the Gov- something more of freedom in con- ernment of India are in complete veying its substance.

accord, is that of the increasing A generation ago the Govern- association of Indians in every ment of India was in fact a mili- branch of the administration and tary despotism, whose strength the gradual development of self- lay, first, in the British Army of governing institutions with a view some 75,000 men, and, second, in to the progressive realization of the peaceful disposition and in the responsible government in India many divisions of the immense as an integral part of the British population of India. As a military Empire." despotism India had enjoyed, and That is the point of departure was destined to enjoy, complete in- of Sir John Simon's commission. ternal peace, a government cif law, The promise of the Secretary of administered by something less State for India, whose function it than one thousand Indian civil ser- is to interpret the will of the Par- vants, who, by universal testimony, liament at Westminster to the were wholly incorruptible; India Viceroy of India at New Delhi, or further enjoyed, or suffered, an at Simla, was fulfilled by the Gov- entire absence of partisan politics, ernment of India Act of 1919; this with the manifold activities which act contained a provision that, accompany partisan politics. When after a period of ten years had the government of Queen Victoria elapsed, and therefore in the year had taken the reins of power from 1929, a commission should be ap- the defunct East India Company pointed to inquire into the work- after the Indian mutiny of 1857, ing of the act of 1919 and to report her Majesty had proclaimed a de- as to whether, and to what extent, termination to admit natives of "it is desirable to establish the India to the various branches of principle of responsible govern- government, to the degree that ment in British India, or to extend, they were qualified "by their edu- *Reprinted from the Book Review Magazine cation, ability and integrity." By of 'l'he Np-u, York Times. 1861 a beginning was made to re- 747

deem this promise by surrounding The awkward division between the Viceroy and the Governors of these stalwart civilians and the provinces with councils, which in- new native Ministers was known cluded distinguished natives of In- by the awkward name "Dyarchy," dia, who were free to give advice which has had all the disadvanbut had no effective votes. In 1892 tages inseparable from divided authese councils were expanded. thority.

In 1909 John Morley, who had The Liberal aspirations of Morbeen made a Viscount, was Secre- ley and Montagu were not comtary of State for India. As a good pletely realized. Little clouds, such Gladstonian Liberal Morley felt it as presage the rains, gathered in to be his duty to extend to India the sky. The class of Englishthe principle of democracy, which, speaking native politicians, who in association with Lord Minto, had been voicing their ideas since then Viceroy, he proceeded to do about the year 1885, when the Naby introducing a very limited elec- tional Congress came into being, tion into the councils, though they expressed themselves as, on the still had only an advisory capacity. whole, entirely dissatisfied with the Dyarchy. The Montagu- Eight years later carne the fa- Chelmsford reforms had not gone mous Montagu Declaration, and nearly far enough to please them. then, in 1919, the Government of Further, the effort of the reform- India Act, embodying what are makers to do justice at the same called the "Montagu – Chelmsford time to the Hindu majority and Reforms." The Act of 1919 cre- the Mohammedan minority had ated a Legislature for each of nine widened the rift between these two provinces, of which Madras, Ben- communities, each of which was gal and Bombay are the oldest. It afraid of being overreached by the also created a Legislature for the other; and exactly in proportion whole of British India, which we as the reforms developed, hostility may call a central parliament or a federal congress, with the reserva- between the two communities intion that it is not exactly either of creased, with the result that in these two institutions. Each of India the word "communal" has the nine provincial Legislatures, come to refer to this fundamental a single chamber assembly, con- religious cleavage. We need not tained certain outstanding mem- include in this survey incidents bers, who were called Ministers, springing from the agitation set and to whom portfolios were en- in motion by Mahatma Gandhi, trusted, giving them authority sin c e the Simon Report was over the making of good roads, avowedly completed before that education, public health and sim- complication arose. ilar subjects, but in no case over police, the courts of law, or land So far the historic background, revenue. These "reserved" sub- very superficially sketched. Now jects continued to be administered a word about geography. The funin fact by the members of the damental division in India is be- Indian Civil Service, who had su- tween that part which is directly pervised the whole system of gov- under British rule (primarily the ernment and all its details since nine provinces with their Govthe days of the Indian Mutiny. ernors and Legislatures, already outlined) and the Native States.

SIR JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA

which are autonomous countries but that the division of authority under the suzerainty of the King- indicated by the word dyarchy Emperor, represented in India by should be abolished. Instead, practhe Viceroy at New Delhi. Since tically all departments in each the status of these native states is province should be turned over to fixed by treaty, the British Parlia- the Legislatures, with their Minment is not in a position to legis- istries, and that every effort should late for them. Therefore, the Na- be made to create and strengthen tive States, in area about 800,000 a sense of responsibility in a square miles, with a population of united Cabinet, the Ministers actabout 70,000,000, are not affected ing as a unit and held responsible by the Montagu-Chelmsford re- as a unit, in accordance with the forms, and enter only incidentally system at present followed in into the report of the Simon com- Britain, whose Cabinet is wholly mission under review. different from the President's Cab- inet at Washington. In general, With a good many unavoidable one may say that the prescriptions omissions, this is the substance of for the advance of India are altothe first volume, "Survey." What gether British in spirit and genare the "Recommendations" which erally also in form. There is very Sir John Simon and his six dis- little original creative imagination tinguished colleagues have been in them. moved to make? If the recommendations of the To begin with, they openly criti- report were carried out we should cize, even deplore, one element in have nine provinces, each with its the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms elected Legislature and Ministry, of 1919; namely, the provision but, effectively, all power would that the whole field should be re- remain, as at present, in British viewed ten years later-as it hap- hands. There would be even less pened, by their own committee. change in the central government, They say, with entire justice, that which would also remain predomithis promised, or threatened, re- nantly British, as would the army, vision stamped the whole scheme charged with the defense of India as provisional; that, so stamped, as an integral part of the British it could not possibly have a fair Empire. The report calls the trial; that, in fact, it did not get grouping of the nine provinces and a fair trial. They go on to express certain other areas a "federation," the conviction that this time-pro- but the reality is that the bond of vision should on no account be in- union implied by the report is still serted in any legislation based on the British Army. There is large their investigation and report; provision for local self-governthat, on the contrary, a quite in- ment, though the scheme might be definite period should be allowed for natural growth, which would criticised as too uniform, in view probably follow different lines in of the immense underlying diver- the different provinces. sities; but there is no doubt what- Having thus cleared the ground, ever that, if the ideas of Sir John Simon's commission are followed, they recommend that the system of the authority of Britain over India Legislatures and Ministers for the will remain undiminished. • nine provinces should be continued,

BOOKS ON

N INETEEN hundred and thir- foreign control it kindled and ty is a critical year for In- fanned new ambitions. dia and her population of Nowhere in the world is there over 320,000,000. Great Britain such a vast population with such a this year undertakes to come to great past and individual evidences terms with Indian nationalism. of such high grade ability as in The nineteenth century saw the India. China, Siam, Persia, Arabia, growth of the nationalistic spirit and even Afghanistan are inde- in Europe, and the concentration pendent with their own national of power in the hands of a few flags. But India is still denied great states which seemed des- self-government. Indians must ad- tined to rule the rest of the eastern mit the long list of benefits result- continent. The century closed with ing from British rule, but they Japan coerced by a Russian, claim that many of these were not French, and German combination, disinterested, and that they have the Chinese. imperial court fleeing been accomplished by racial and from Peiping before the allied economic discrimination. The In- troups, India under Curzon, her dian believes that he has just cause most masterful Viceroy, and Africa for complaint.

partitioned. In 1917 England proposed a Then the tide begun to turn. scheme, the Montagu-Chelmsford Resentment at European control system of diarchy, that was to be had been growing for many years, a first step to self-government. It but resistance seemed hopeless. was to be tried out for ten years The Russo-Japanese War was the and then revised as circumstances first demonstration on a grand seemed to warrant. At the end of scale that Europe was not invin- the decade a British commission cible. A new spirit flamed up in was appointed, with Sir John yellow and brown and swarthy Simon as chairman, to investigate men. Persia and Turkey demanded and make recommendations. The and obtained constitutional gov- Indian nationalists made vehement ernment, China became a republic, protests because no Indian was in- and Japan was recognized as one cluded in the membership of this of the world powers. India re- .Commission. The report was re- ceived only small concessions that leased in June of this year. It is were far from representative gov- to be discussed at a round-table ernment. conference in London to be held Next the great War shook every- this fall. Such is the political sit- thing that was shakable. It, and uation that brings India into the still more the diplomatic settle- newspaper headlines.

ments that followed, blasted in the For the last ten years probably minds of Asiatics Europe's claim no single human being has been to moral superiority. Wilson's ap- more talked about than an Indian, peal for self-determination might Mr. Gandhi, now under arrest.

be ignored by the statesmen at Those who criticise his conclusions Versai!les when it presented prac- cannot deny the purity of his char- tical difficulties, but to those under acter and unselfish devotion to 750 principle. Christianity may claim seeking to state the situation as it a share in such a product. Gandhi appear,s from different viewpoints. says that he is not a Christian, but His chapters treat of the emergence he freely acknowledges the influ- of nationalism, the great social and ence of Christ. He is one of the economic problems, the groups into significant phenomena of modern which Indian society is divided, the history. religious ideals to which India most responds, the home life, and the pros- Naturally the political crisis has pect for Christianity. With the wide called out a great bulk of books outlook of a student of missions and and articles. Miss Mayo's caustic comparative religions, and an intimate "Mother India," which for a time knowledge of Indian life, the author was a best seller in America, was packs in fervid style a large amount bitterly resented by Indians and of information and picturesque maprovoked both denial and counter- terial into this little book. charges. It is not difficult today to find reading matter on the sub- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups ject. Studying India. By T. H. P. Sailer. Paper, 25 cents. These are some of the more spectacular features of the situation This pamphlet presents two apas regards India. The main di- proaches, the first suggesting probrect contribution which American lems for study and discussion on the Christianity is making is its sup- subjects treated in Dr. Buck's textport of nearly 3,000 missionaries book. The other approach is for and the institutional work in which groups more mature and willing to they are engaged. To achieve the study. It divides the main group into greatest efficiency of this work, sub-committees representing respecthere is scope for the wise expend- tively the British Government, the Initure of much more than America dian nationalists, the masses of India, gives. We as Americans should the women, the Christians, and the not read about India merely to missionary body. Each sub-committee keep up-to-date or to satisfy idle meets separately for a period to precuriosity but to learn how we may pare a statement of its viewpoint. cooperate in promoting India's Later all the committees come tobest welfare. gether for a series of meetings in which each presents its statement and For the season of 1930-1931, The is questioned by the other. A list of Friendship Press of the Mission- specific references is given on each ary Education Movement has is- topic. sued the following books for reading and study: India on the March. By Dr. Alden H. Clark. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. India Looks to Her Future. By Professor Oscar MacMillan Buck. Cloth, $1.00; The first edition of this book ap- paper, 60 cents. peared in 1922 and was one of the most popular textbooks for young Dr. Buck, Professor of Missions and people and adults desiring simpler Comparative Religion at Drew Theo- presentation. It has been thoroughly logical Seminary, was born in India revised and brought up to date. Dr. of missionary parents, educated in Clark adopts in large part the excel- America, served as a missionary in lent method of concrete narratives India, and recently revisited the coun- which illustrate typical situations. He try in company with Dr. E. Stanley tells stories of Indian villagers and Jones. He writes with sympathy for outcastes which bring out clearly the the land of his birth and boyhood, difficulties which Christianity con- fronts and what it is able to accom- plish. The book makes easy and

pleasant reading and also furnishes alive today and mDves toward tomDrmaterial for discussion. rDW, cDvering a series of ses-sions which provide stDries, discussion ques- Do You Like Our Country~ By Ruth tiDns, references, and suggestiDns fDr Isabel Seabury. Paper, 50 cents. activities and wDrship.

This pamphlet presents suggestions The Golden Sparrow. By Irene Mason for a course 'On India fDr young peo- Harper. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. ple. It is based primarily on Dr. Clark's bDDk, but alsD suggests hDW This CDurse for leaders 'Of junior tD use a number 'Of other books in a children CDntains stories about a group prDgram 'Of study, discussiDn, service, of boys whose families represent the and wDrshio. It is therefore brDader more progressive thinkers in India toin SCDpe than the usual helps for day. ThrDugh the experience of this leaders and ShDUld be capable of more g110UP, the author, a missionary in Invaried applicatiDn. It will help to dia for fifteen years to the depressed integrate mission study into the re- classes in the villages, deals with ligiDUS educatiDn 'Of the church. SDme of the most baffling prDblems of present-day India. The second part Freedom. By Welthy Honsinger Fisher. is fDr leaders and contains backgrDund Cloth, 85 cents. material and original and practical suggestions for the use of the stories. This stDry – of tWD students, GDpal and Nalini, a brother and sister in a Bhaskar and His Friends. By Clara G. high-caste Hindu family, cDming intD Labaree. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. contact with the new forces in nationalism, western education, and This is a course for leaders of pri- Christianity is very delightful read- mary children and contains stories and ing for young people, and adults as informatiDnal material 'On India with well. The bODk is illustrated with suggestions for its use. These sugsketches drawn by Indian artist gestions are based on actual teaching students at Rabindranath TagDre's experience in using the material with school. three different groups of children. The author was for five years a mis- The Star of India. By Isabel Brown sionary in India, and there taught in Rose. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 75 cents. the Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training SChODl, in Sholapur, and aI- This reading book 'Of fascinating -so served as principal of the Josephine stDries 'Of old India and also India of Kindergarten. tDday is written for boys and girls 'Of junior high schoDl age. It tells Another interesting hDOk is: 'Of the adventures of heroic men and women, both Indians and westerners India in 1928-1929. By John Coatman. who have heloed the Indian people, 416 pp. Published by the Government and who have been deCDrated with the of India. Calcutta. Agent in Ameria, Star 'Of India. The illustratiDns, black The British Library of Information, and white sketches, are by Edith E. 551 Fifth Ave., New York. $1.00. Strutton, WhD lives in India. This is a report to the British Par- 'Out of Yesterday Into Tomorrow. By liament on the moral and material Mary Jenness. Paper, 50 cents. progress 'Of India by the DirectDr 'Of Public Information of the GDvern- This is a CDurse bODk 'On India fDr ment, and is published "under the leaders of intermediates, based pri- authority and with the general apmarily on "The Star of India," but proval of the Secretary of State for giving other reference sources as well. India." It is a vDlume of first hand Like "The Star of India" it treats of information and judicial spirit-re- 'Old India and India of tDday, there markable fDr its authoritative presenbeing tWD units-yesterday's India tation of a wide range of subjects.

OF TRAVEL

Som e Things S een and H eard in Burma, Siam and Malaya BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER NO.7 work, medical service and social I NA tour such as this one is im- uplift, industrial missions and pressed by the vast variety that characterizes God's w 0 rId. physical training-but there is a There are ooth the surface variations and those that go deeper. rich variation in the types of mis- Interesting and informing articles might be written on "smelling sionaries in their personal charone's way around the world" (how rich and varied are the odors!), or acteristics and ideas; their denomon "chords and discords in many lands"; or on "traffic cops I have inational and theological cTohloerriengi~' met," or on "varieties of bathing their purpose and plans. experiences." One might write on also a striking variety in the native Christians met and in the churches and institutions established, in fi- nancial methods and ideals, and in equipment and organization.

"modes of travel-ancient and modern." This would include camel, donkey, elephant and horse, goofa (Tigris round tubs) and sampans; mule litter and ham- mock; tonga (two-wheeled car) and bullock ekka; sedan chair, wheelbarrow and ricksha; two- storied camel and cart and Peiping (springless) cart. There are also the most modern modes such as A BULLOCK CART I N INDI A steamer, tram car, railway, automobile and airplane. There are But in the midst of all this vari- the varieties in race and color, in ety there is, or should be, an speech and writing, in manners underlying unity. Any mode of and customs. A very interesting travel is useful that helps one to story m(ght be told of money and reach the goal; beneath the surfmoney-changers, or of foods-de- ace men and women are much the licious and malicious. Going deep- same in their instincts and needs; er we find world-wide varieties in children are attractive and lovescience and religion, in politics and able-in spite of dirt–in all lands .

industrial conditions, in the status the essentials to happiness and of women and the training of chil- well-being do not vary greatly dren. under all governments and all so- Similarly we have been im- cial and industrial conditions. pressed by the vast variety in mis- Righteousness, sympathy and unsionary work around the world. selfish service spell peace and pros- Not only are there varied methods perity anywhere.

-such as preaching and teaching, Also in missionaries and mission printed literature and colportage work we find room for almost end- 3 753

less variety, if we keep true to the ful work is among the Karens and basic purpose and principles laid the animistic tribes of the north.

down by Jesus Christ and the early The American Baptist Judson apostles (missionaries). We have College at Rangoon (with 600 stu- seen that so-called evangelistic dents, about 60% of them Chris- work or preaching is not always tian) has recently become a part successful and that educational or of the University of Rangoon.

medical work may produce even There are strong Methodist and larger results under the right con- Baptist schools for boys and girls ditions. Some workers under in Rangoon, and Burmese and every society and all denominations Karen theological seminaries for have evidenced the power of God the training of evangelists.

working through them. The great An impressive and fruitful piece essential has been proved to be of work is being carried on under God working through the mission- Mr. Dyer, one of the Baptist mis- aries and the need for Christ and sionaries, with the help of Chris- His Gospel, and their efficacy has tian students of the seminary and not changed. The power of the the college. Each week-end a group Spirit of God is the same in every of these students go on an evan- land and at all times. Thus in the gelistic campaign to some town midst of endless variety ther~ is, where there is a nucleus of Chris- or should be, essential unity. tians. This local group has made It has been our privilege to see special preparations and has ad- a wide range of missionaries and vertised the event. On Saturday Christian work in Asia. Some has afternoon athletic con t est s-of evidently been fruitful in abiding which the Burmese are fond-are spiritual results, while some is ap- planned between the local boys and parently barren. Human judg- the visitors. All the spectators are ment may be at fault. Wheat and invited to attend a concert or tares must be allowed to grow to- simple drama to be given by the gether until the harvest, but no Rangoon students in the evening.

servant of Christ will knowingly This is always a strong attraction.

sow tares. . Between the numbers on the pro- One of our greatest joys on this gram the Christian students give tour has been to see the unity and their testimony as to what Christ loyalty to Christ that characterize has done for them personally. This most of the Protestant mission- witness is more effective than a aries in Asia. That is the only sermon. It attracts townspeople motive that can make them willing and greatly benefits the boys who to remain at their task. It is too testify. Then the audience is difficult and too hopeless otherwise. invited to a Christian service on In every denomination and in Sunday morning and the afternoon every branch of service we have and evening are given up to per- found such spirit-filled, loyal sonal work with inquirers. On workers. Monday the visiting students re- Our visit to Burma was un- turn to their studies.

fortunately too short to permit The fruits of this evangelism are visits to Ava and other fields evident both in the lives of the where Adoniram Judson worked Christian students who take part and laid the foundations of the in the campaigns and in the num- Church in Burma. The most fruit- ber of inquirers who are led to

VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERIENCE

Christ. In one town near Rangoon The Burmese are, as a rule, a quiet, some girls of the mission school peaceful people, but they show no were so impressed that they be- satisfaction in their faces and no came Christians. The Buddhist power in their lives. The most parents of some became alarmed effective Christian evangelism has and thirty-five pupils were with- been done among the Karens and drawn from the school. It was other animists who have not been found to be "dangerous" to have brought so fully under the sway them under such Christian influ- of Buddhism. ence. But the school had proved its missionary character. The Siam is the only absolute montragedy of the situation is that archy left in Asia, and almost the while there are funds provided for only one in the world today. The the educational work, this effective people are mild and peaceful like evangelism has no place in the bud- the Burmese, and with their Budget and funds must be sought from dhist philosophy. Unfortunately time did not permit us to go furoutside sources. ther than Bangkok, the capital and The omnipresence of the Bud- city of canals. The land is so low that anywhere you dig a trench dhist priest with his begging bowl near Bangkok a canal appears. carrier impresses one in Burma. Consequently the drainage is poor The priest is not supposed to and malaria abounds. (Mosquito "beg," but an attendant carries a bags are always provided for the bowl into which those who wish to legs of guests at dinner.) In Siam "acquire merit" are permitted to too, the most fruitful missionary place an offering. Buddhism is work has been carried on in the much less oppressive and offensive North among the Laos who are than the Hinduism of India and animistic Buddhists. less antagonistic to Christianity than Islam, but its philosophy of One peculiarity about Siam is transmigration of the soul, its doc- that the country is almost wholly trine of nirvana (the extinction of an American Presbyterian mission all desire) and of salvation by field. The Baptists have had· a works (acquiring merit) are dead- work among the Chinese who have ening to progress and to spiritual been coming to Siam in increasing life. The priesthood-into which numbers, and recentfy Seventhall boys are supposed to enter for Day Adventists and Plymouth three years-is an incubus on so- Brethren have begun work. The ciety. The religious monks and American Bible Society is also an nuns and the myriad temples must important factor in the evangelizabe supported and without any ade- tion of Siam. quate return to the public. The Shive Dagon, that famous Rangoon "Is it an advantage for one detemple with its huge gold covered nomination to have exclusive respire and multitudes of shrines, is sponsibility for one field?" I asked a fair sample of Buddhism. I saw some missionaries in Bangkok. I multitudes of men and women had in mind the oft repeated obwalking barefooted around the jections to "denominational rivaltemple, kneeling before shrines ry." "Not altogether," they replied. and making offerings, while priests "Unfriendly rivalry is a detriment, chanted for them the prayers that but there is a stimulus to workers they themselves could not utter. in the presence of workers from another society." There is even in

religion a competition that pro- pendent Federated States (under motes efficiency. Monopoly has its British supervision) and Straits disadvantages. Settlements (under British con- trol) exist side by side. The Siam and the Lao country have British forbid direct Christian been wonderfully fruitful, but re- miSSIOnary work among Mohamcently missionary progress seems medans so that the Malays are to have been retarded. The Gov- practically untduched. No such ernment is ~riendly. The King tale can be told here as in the was educated in England but con- Dutch East Indies, where 45,000 tinues his Buddhist worship and former Moslems have become the priesthood and superstitions Christians. Most of the mission have a strong hold on the people. work in British Malay and Fed- In front of the house where we erated States is among the Chinese were staying, and before many who are the chief bankers and emhomes and shops, was the little ployers. Many are wealthy and birdlike "spirit house" in which build large, expensive houses that look like consulates or embassies. DUTCH MISSION LEPER COLONY- They are, however, not accustomed SUMATRA to such style and usually live in the kitchen or outbuildings, only openofferings of rice are made daily to ing the front of the house for state propitiate the spirits. occasions. These Chinese come from South China and are gener- In Siam, as elsewhere, there is ally wide awake and eager to learn only one power, one plan, one per- English. They therefore like to sonality, that can prevail. "What attend mission schools and colleges, message shall I take to the people which are commonly called "Angloof America?" I asked a Christian Chinese." The American Methoteacher of mathematics in Bang- dists have taken advantage of this kok Christian College. He was an eagerness and have opened many earnest and intelligent Siamese large and well-equipped educationwho had been a Buddhist and had al institutions. Altogether they given up all to follow Christ. I have 15,653 under instruction in visited his home and found his British Malaya. It is a great opmother still a Buddhist. He de- portunity. They teach the Bible voted part of his time on Sundays and conduct chapel services, but to preaching and teaching the Gos- the vast majority of their students pel. After a thoughtful silence, he and many of their teachers replied: "Tell the Christians in are non-Christians. Educationally America to send us only those these schools and colleges stand whose chief desire is to bring our high, but comparatively few of the people to know and follow Christ. students become Christians. Send us those who put Christ first." As in other mission fields, there are man y representatives of From Siam we passed into smaller missionary societies at Malay Peninsula, where inde- work in Malaya. Some of these are accused of being too prone to "poach on others' preserves" in- stead of doing pioneer work. Others are doing excellent work.

We attended an inspiring confer- done by the missionaries of Ghrist, ence of Christians, conducted at under the direction of the Spirit Kuala Lumpur by the Plymouth of God, to transform the flats and Brethren, during the Easter holi- morasses of Malaya social and re- days. Here we found a devout ligious life into a wholesome and band of about 200 Chl'istians, many active community dominated by of them young men and young the Cross of Christ. It cannot be women, who had l!ome from a ra- done merely through commercial dius of 200 miles on a three-day prosperity, or by legislation or sec- holiday for conference and prayer. ular education. Something higher The m 0 r n i n g meetings for and more powerful is needed. prayer were especially uplifting "Shall the missionaries be reand the Sunday morning Commun- called?" is the title of a recent ion Service will not be forgotten.

Here for two hours, with no leader but the Holy Spirit, the prayers, songs and testimonies continued to make God's presence felt.

While in Kuala Lumpur we met a Tamil from South India who showed strength and refinement in every line. His wife and family were at every meeting. A few years ago he came, as a Hindu, to Singapore for a holiday. There A MAT RIARCHAL HOUSE he met a friend who persuaded him to come to one of these conferences. article in an American periodical. He came, was impressed by what The author expresses the conviche heard and saw and ultimately tion that one half of the missionbecame a Christian. As a result, aries in the field should return he moved to Malaya for Christian home. But which half? He votes fellowship and service. Many such for the recall of those whom he instances might be told. declares to be old-fashioned in the- Singapore, one of the largest ology and unscientific in attitude shipping centers in the world and and method. In other words, he the mingling place of all races and would retain only those who could tongues and nations, is now a city pass an examination in the "wis- of over 500,000 inhabitants and dom of this world." Our observa- has a wonderful harbor which 10,- tions on this missionary tour would 000 foreign vessels enter every lead us to vote otherwise. The year. One hundred years ago it great work of missions has been was not much more than a fishing and is being accomplished today by village on a mud flat. Sir Stamford those who are most versed in the Raffles saw its possibilities as a wisdom of God, men and women port for British trade of the East who are most given to prayer and India Company, and acquired the whose scientific approach and island froin the Sultan of Jahore. power are those of the Spirit of What has been done by the British God. But only God Himself can in transforming the mud flats into infallibly choose those who should a great commercial center, can be go or those who should remain.

A NEW MISSION STUDY

RECONCILIATION TRIPS BY CLARENCE V. HOWELL, Director W HEN we study China let us have been in New York City for visit the Chinese in our own eight years making these contacts. city. When we study the I have been taking students and Near East let us visit the Syrians others on visits in New York to and the Turks in our home town, Negro Harlem, to Chinatown, to or the Greek, Russian and Armeni- Hindus, BUddhists, and Moslems, an Orthodox Churches in our own and to Radical Labor Headquar- community. When we study India ters. I'll tell you how. Of course, let us visit the people of India liv- you have questionings. Three ing among us as students or resi- questions arise in your mind: 1st- dents. And when we visit them Who am I? 2nd-What are Rec- let us do so in the spirit that E. onciliation Trips? 3rd-What re- Stanley Jones visits them in their lation have they to missionary own India. .He expects a quicken- work?

ing of his spiritual life by contact Who Am I~ with deeply spiritual Hindus and I am a Methodist minister, a Buddhists and he experiences what member of the Michigan Conferhe expects. He has a reverence for ence. My good helpmeet was a their sacrifice and his respect for deaconess in that Church. We are them is increased. He appreciates employed by the Home Board of their culture, their thought-power, our denomination-specifically the and their philosophy of life, and is Department of Evangelism-to be appreciated in return by them. evangels of good will to un- churched peoples as well as to racia1 We need these personal contacts. groups against which there is We are now like the botanist who antipathy. Our purpose is to had studied books on trees but achieve reconciliation bet wee n could not tell one tree from an- groups. By reconciliation we do other. So he made friends with a not mean agreement. The fire lumberman-eamped with him, glint of true friendship often lived with him, worked with him. comes from disagreement. There was a transfer of knowledge. This theoretical expert be- came a practical expert. I do not What are Reconciliation Trips ~ need to argue the case. You have Reconciliation Trips are group always wanted to go to the lands visits to Chinese, Indians, Japaabout which you studied-not nese, Italians, Russians, Syrians, aware that people of these lands Jews, Latin Americans and Nehave come to us, are right here groes; contact studies of mystic, among us. psychic, economic, social, political, industrial and labor groups. They Let me be your lumb~rman. I !fr. Howen will sflnd directions for conduct- are conducted in New York, Chiing Rll('h tl'ipf.1 to Ullyune who will send him cago, Philadelphia and Boston; but his addrPRs. TrillS ar~ being conducted In New York is our choice, for it has Chicagu, Room 1421, Chicago Temple; Boston, the greatest variety of races, isms, 14 Beacon St. (Boston Friendship Tours); and Philadelphia. Reconciliation Trips, 229 W. 48th St., New York City.

758 religions. The purpose of Recon- have a problem in order to think. ciliation Trips is to reconcile group So Reconciliation Trips make my to group, as well as person to per- group think, enrich their culture son-not to convert those we visit, and bring them into "love and not to be converted. Friendship, charity with their neighbor" fellowship, love between groups groups. have intrinsic worth, regardless of ideas either group holds. In dealing with the groups we visit we do not pretend to be su- The Method: The sine qua non perior to them. We do not repudiof reconciliation is to bring quar- ate their labels. How can we do relling persons, or anti-pathetic anything to bring about reconciligroups, face to face at the point of ation with a group against whom conflict. So we conduct groups of prejudice exists if we feel ourselves nordic blondes, many southerners, superior to them. These are not into the heart of Negro Harlem. sightseeing trips. People do not Our colored hosts show us through like to be looked over. These are their beautiful homes, churches not slumming escapades. People and other centers. Their most with self-respect resent slumming talented leaders address us on vital parties (without return engageproblems which are slurred in ments) . These are not social servnewspaper publicity. Their best ice trips. The tone of charity choirs sing to us Negro spirituals. degrades the group helped in the We eat food prepared by Negro eyes of the doner.

chefs in the Southern way-hot Relation to Missionary Work bread, fried chicken, waffles, and potato pie. We conduct the same Many mlSSlOn study classes kind of trips to about thirty other sponsor these trips. They find that groups. the trips make real the knowledge printed in the books. The Busi- There are by-products. My like- ness and Professional Woman's ness has little enrichment to offer Mission Club of Peddie Memorial my life, for I received the same Baptist Church, Newark, New Jerculture in the same kind of school, sey, had us conduct them on a trip the same kind of home, the same to the Near East. That was the kind of church, the same kind of subject of their study. I shall tell community. But that yellow man, you more of that trip later. They that black man, that "red" man have arranged to have us conduct can give me something. He re- them on a trip to Chinatown very ceived it from sources I never con- soon. The Department of Relitacted. Historians often say: gious Education of Teachers College "This migration meant progress, had us conduct them on a trip to for two strange cultures met." the World's Living Religions in New York City-Moslems, Hindus A second by-product is thought- and Buddhists. They have arprovokers. The new ideas of the ranged for another trip to Eastern "reds" are like percussion caps to Orthodox Churches. Professor our thinking. Their explosions William M. Gilbert, of Drew Theowithin touch off our thought proc- logical Seminary, had us conduct esses. I have known people who his class in missions on a trip to never thought before who thought Union Labor Headquarters. About for six months steady after a trip sixty per cent of our industrial through Radical Labor Headquarters. John Dewey tells us we must

laborers are immigrants. They penters of Nazareth in Jesus time comprise the groups which we did that kind of work. study in Home Missions. How can we fully know their problems if Then Dr. Salloum Mokarzel, we ignore their working condi- Editor of the Syrian World, told tions? A trip studying labor con- us about Syrians in New York City ditions brings us face to face with and the United States. We found their everyday life. Professor that it was not necessary to go to Gilbert has arranged for us to con- the Near East to find Syrians. duct this class on eighteen trips They are all about us in Greater during three years, six trips each New York. There are some thouyear. These trips are required for sands in other cities in America. credit. They bring with them their beau- tifuf social life and congenial hos- Two Typical Trips pitality. But they become soon assimilated and thereby we lose On the Trip to the Near East much of their culture and characmentioned above, we had a real teristics which have been developed Syrian luncheon at the Sheik Res- during the centuries. taurant with a variety of Near East We next come in contact with foods and Turkish coffee. Here the Moslem Turks in New York. we broke the same kind of bread We met them at the Bahai Center. that Jesus broke and blessed by the The Bahai faith has about the Sea of Galilee. It was concerning same relationship to the Moslem faith as the Christian has to the this bread that Jesus spoke when Jewish faith. Mr. and Mrs. Sefa he said: "The grass of the field received us most cordially. Their which today is and tomorrow is manner and way of life showed the cast into the oven." They cut the refined culture of the people grass, the flowers, the weeds today of Constantinople. Mrs. S e f a and let them dry. Tomorrow, when brought a Moslem girl friend, an they are dry, they burn them in the accomplished pianist, who played oven, rake out the ashes and place for us, and Mrs. Sefa sang Turkish the thin sheets of dough upon the songs. She also told us about hot oven to bake. The loaves are Turkish social life, changing cussome eighteen inches across and as toms and costumes. Mr. Sefa told thin as a pancake. us about Turkish economic and political forces. Both speakers We next visited the Syrian art answered our questions. The stores and brass shops. We were meeting of these refined Turkish fascinated by the beautiful Per- Moslems, honored with the title of sian rugs, brass art ware, and Bey, would have been a shock to Oriental furnishings. The Syrian many of the Mission Study groups inlaid woodwork made up of thou- a decade ago when many of us sands of insects of vari-colored thought of non-Christian peoples woods created a desire to buy. But as barbarians. The tremendous they sell at $250 to $2,000 each. revolutionary change in the status They call those who create this of women in Turkey has been efbeautiful woodwork, carpenters. fected both from within Turkey I call them artists. I understand and from without. Only a few that this furniture and other deco- years ago in Mrs. Sefa's courtship rative work goes back hundreds of years. I am wondering if the car-

1930J A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE

days, young women were not al- look, using a new ritual. The Revlowed to know or keep company erend W. H. Pitkin told us about wit h their would-be husbands. its basic beliefs and religious free- They were not only veiled but were dom. It so happens that most of shut-ins. Today in the prominent the members are Theosophists. centers the customs and costumes They welcome into the church as are much the same as those in the members, Hindus, Buddhists, Mos- West. Perhaps the danger is that lems, Jews or Atheists. they are adapting some of the evil ways of the West along with "Occi- Within the Bahai Center a Mosdental freedom." lem scholar from Egypt told us about the religion of Islam. We We had our dinner at a Russian became aware, our speaker being restaurant in a highly decorated Negro, that the Moslem makes no room, Russian art scenery with discrimination on account of race Russian Balalaika orchestra, and or color. Perhaps this is our waiters from the land of the bear. "Christian" handicap for mission- We became Russians ourselves. ary efficiency in Africa. Weare We next attended the Russian Or- respecters of persons contrary to thodox Church service. The con- the teachings of our Lord. The gregation was, for the most part, Moslem faith, propagandized by of recent emigres. The church the poorly trained trader and unpeople stood or knelt throughout lettered layman, is walking with the service. Special seats were great strides southward on the provided for us and the President continent of Africa. Setting over of the Church Board, Professor against this our color antipathy Vladimir Peter de Smitt, explained and the imperialism of the sothe service and then interpreted called Christian nations enslaving the symbolism and Ikanostas. African peoples, how can Chris- Since this trip our mission study tianity compete with the Moslem books have become vital with a liv- faith? ing interest. We have seen and heard the things whereof the At the Jainist and Buddhist writers speak. Temples, which are located in the Oriental Gallery of the Metropoli- The following day, we conducted tan Museum, a Buddhist scholar, over a hundred students and others Mr. J. Vijaya Tunga, interpreted on a trip to Moslems, Hindus, and to us the spiritual and ritualist Buddhists. This trip was especial- significance of the elaborate carved ly prepared for the Department of work of Oriental symbols in these Religious Education, Teachers Col- temples. He has been a teacher in lege. As an introduction we visited the school of Rabindranath Tagore the Liberal Catholic Church, the in Ceylon, India, and a member of Church of St. Michael, the Arch- the Board of Examiners of the angel. The Holy Eucharist was University. sung according to the use of the Liberal Catholic Church-music, We next went to the Dharma chanting, candles and flowers; MandaI Society, Hindu. After a priest, deacons, alcolytes in white period of music and Hindu rituals, and crimson vestments. T his we were addressed by two cultured church is not Roman Catholic, not Hindu speakers, Professor Keskar Episcopal, but Modernist in out- and Professor Chatterji. Both manifested the confidence of an

ancient faith which has grown con- received much more value. And servative in its old age. we could not have received as much without a program worked out in The Maha Bodhi Society of advance. In fact, we continually America put on a special service have on Reconciliation Trips misfor us. The sermon was by the sionaries and others who have just Venerable Thera p. Vajiranana, of returned from the countries whose Viddhodaya College, Ceylon. lands we are representing on the – Had we taken this trip in the trip. heart of India we would not have PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENGLAND FACTORY TOWN T WENTY language g r 0 ups while making about twenty calls, comprise the parish of a lay and supplied each family with the missionary in a textile city desired language, adding friendly in New England. The first ap- remarks as he was able to observe proach to a family may be convers- the prevailing conditions. ing with the father seated with his wife and children on a bench in the Visits are made to the county park Sunday afternoon in mid- jail, the general hospital, almssummer; or it may be speaking house, coffee houses and club. to a man who has been imbibing rooms, wherever groups may be liquor to his detriment, but who is found. They are very respectful still gentleman enough to notice and listen reverently to remarks and reply to a kind greeting from concerning the things of God. The an unknown friend. The past worker is invited to call again. winter has given ample illustration as to the wisdom of making ac- Russians are being reached, and quaintances with strange families they pass on the literature to by means of the surplus Sunday- others and eagerly call for more. Some of these little messages are school story papers which are do- sent through the mails to foreign nated by churches. shores and have found fruition in hearts long starving without the The worker began effort among Bread of Life. Testimonies of a few families, and was so encour- Portuguese and Italian recipients aged that he increased his range show that the Gospel relayed to the of languages until his pastor re- homelands by those accepting it ported twelve nationalities were here is bearing fruit among memfound in his Sunday-school, some bers of the same family separated of whom united with the church. f or years by distance.

The introduction is so simple Efforts begun eight years ago that one would think any Christian among a few neighboring families could easily undertake the work. h a v e broadened until approxi- Severay Sundays during the severe mately five hundred families and weather in winter the worker hundreds of individuals outside averaged fifteen calls during the family groups are provided with afternoon. In a city block and a Gospel literature at no expense to half on one side of the street he them. – Extracts from a letter f 0 u n d twelve language groups from a friend in Lawrence, Mass.

Missionaries Leave on not take into account the character

purpose of missionary work or the Advice of Consuls? consequences of abandoning it.

HE announcement, July 30, that Whichever course missionaries take, T the American Legation at Peiping, they are criticised. If they leave, they China, had "urged all Americans in are charged with timidity and conthe provinces of Hunan, Hupeh, Ho- trasted unfavorably with consuls and nan and Kiangsi not to remain at ex- Roman Catholic priests who stay. If po·sed posts but to withdraw to places they refuse to go, they are sneered at where they can be adequately pro- as foolhardy. There are undoubtedly tected," raised again the old and yet times when they can do no good by reoft recurring question whether mis- maining and when it is wiser for them sionaries should abandon their sta- to withdraw temporarily. Our point tions in such circumstance·s because is that they should be trusted to do their legation or consulate advises what is best in view of the circumthem to do so. stances in a given case, and have in unstinted measure the confidence and Manifestly, such advise should be the prayers of the home churches. given due weight, but manifestly also the missionaries concerned have both A.J. B. the right and the duty to exercise their own judgment in view of the Criticisms of the Church circumstances in a given case. They TWO classes are criticising the have usually lived longer in the coun- churches, and from opposite sides. try than their minister or consul. One class asserts that they are "losing They live among the people and know their hold" because they are not sufthem and their language better than ficiently "modern," adhering to "out- their diplomatic and consular officials. worn creeds" and not adopting up-to- Missionary work has been slowly de- date methods. How then do these veloped through a long series of years. critics account for the fact that the Local initial hostility and suspicion churches which have abandoned the have been gradually overcome. A hIstoric creeds and impose no creeds prosperous medical, educational and at all are no more prosperous than the evangelistic work has been built up churches which continue to hold them? representing self-sacrificing labor and As for adapting modern methods, large expenditure. Its beneficent character has become known and ap- how do the critics explain the fact preciated by the people of the com- that the Roman Catholic Church in munity. Should the missionary run America, which makes no concession away and leave that property to be whatever to "modern" methods and destroyed, the work to be disorganized, prides itself on its unchanging teachand he himself exposed to the charge ing, is thronged with worshippers, many of its churches being obliged to of failing to stand by the Chinese hold three or four successive services Christians, who as a rule, are in Sunday morning to accommodate the greater danger than he is? Of course, multitudes, including a high properthe advice of a consul should not be tion of young men and women? lightly disregarded; but diplomatic policy is naturally prudential. It does The other class of critics allege that the churches are weak because they 763

are "too modern," revising the doc- beasts, and tied others to stakes, trinal statements of former centuries in the effort to express the truths of smeared them with pitch and set them Christianity in twentieth century terms and emphasizing a social Gospel on fire. Undoubtedly Christians of instead of an exclusively individual one. How then do these critics ac- today ought to be more consistent count for the fact that the churches which are doing these very things are than they are, and undoubtedly too thriving as well as the churches that are not doing them? their inconsistences often bring re- A line drawn between the most proach upon the churche~. But there prosperous churches and the least prosperous churches would not run is no authority in either Scripture, parallel with lines of theology or methods but would run right across history or experience for the statethem, with conservatives, liberals and ad¥ocates of a social Gospel on each ment that "the world is hungry for side. Evidently, if the churches are dying, which we do not believe, it is the Gospel" and would throng the not because ,of their attitude toward either creeds or methods. churches if they were better. James If there were only one church avail- spoke of the world as at "enmity with able, so that a given man had no choice between attending or not at- God," and our Lord Himself, whom tending, there might be some excuse for outsiders. But churches are the world crucified, plainly warned numerous and with such varied types of teaching, methods and organiza- His disciples that they would be pertion that anyone who loves Jesus Christ and desires to witness for Him secuted. "They shall deliver you up should have no difficulty whatever in finding a church with which he can unto tribulation, and shall kill you, work. With several denominations and a dozen or more churches within and ye shall be hated of all the nations easy reach, if he does not get into some one of them, it is fair to assume for my name's sake." A. J. B. that the fault Is in himself. The Dominican Disaster Some dissatisfied Christians assert that it is the fault of .the churches WIDESPREAD sympathy has been that more people do not attend them evoked by the appalling calamity and that if Christians of today were in Santo Domingo when that fair isas consecrated in their lives as the land was swept by a teriffic hurricane, early disciples, the world would flock September 3. Distressing details into the churches and soon be con- from the outlying districts continue verted. Well, how did the world treat to come in as THE REVIEW goes to those early disciples whom we are press, but it is already known that the exhorted to imitate? It stoned Ste- number of dead exceeds 2,500 and of phen, persecuted the Church so that injured 10,000 or more; that the "they were all scattered abroad," property loss runs into millions, and scourged Peter and John, mocked that tens of thousands of survivors Paul, beat him with many stripes and were rendered homeless and destitute. cast him into a dungeon, drove hun- As usual in such circumstances, physidreds of devout believers into the cal relief for the hungry and naked arena to be torn to pieces by wild was promptly rushed in from neigh- boring islands and the United States, but the effects of such a disaster will be felt for a long time to come.

Relatives and friends of the mis- sionaries and supporters of the fine missiQnary work on the Island were deeply troubled. Their anxiety for the safety of loved ones was relieved by a cable received September 5, by the Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, stating: "CAPITAL WORKERS SAFE. CHURCH DE- MOLISHED. HOSPITAL FUNC- TIONING." A further cable Septem- ber 8 read:

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Reports Mission workers fully con- the hundred and fifty mile gale, despite firm serious losses Santo Domingo. Be- its exposed position, and it is calling sides Red Cross relief, Union Mission for assistance from friends in the evidently will have large responsibilities United States. The old roof, in very for several months since this interde- bad shape previous to the hurricane, nominational mission is only one func- was torn away by the raging storm. tioning for Dominican people at Capital The Hospital is hoping to move into a where we have hospital with trained new building, begun some two months staff prepared for emergencies now ago, near the American Embassy and overwhelmed. Recently built church, the Presidential Palace. The demolition Capital and workers' homes demolished, of the church building, referred to in hospital and mission partially wrecked the cable, represents a heavy financial but still functioning. Suggest editorial loss to the Board. urging contributions from churches be sent to Board for Christian Work, Santo Hospital facilities in Santo Domingo, Domingo, four nineteen Fourth Avenue, in normal times, are entirely inadequate New York City. Full description, Union and there is pressing need for public Mission Santo Domingo found in chap- health work. It is estimated that there ter six, Inman's "Trailing the Con- is only one physician to every 8,700 quistadores." people, many villages being without trained medical service, and organized The following statement and ap- charities, here as in many other Latin American countries, are little known. peal, since issued by the Board, so "I rode into a town of over 3,000 peo- ple," writes one visitor, "where there clearly states interesting facts and was neither doctor, nurse, drugstore or health service of any kind." the duty and privilege of the churches Last year, when economic conditions that we gladly comply with the re- in Santo Domingo made it difficult for Dominicans from the interior to travel quest for its publication in THE RE- to the capital, the hospital, nevertheless, was treating 1,220 patients a month; VIEW. A. J. B. operating a baby welfare station (the only one in the Republic) and registered The Board for Christian Work in patients came from 200 towns and vil- Santo Domingo, whose secretary is Dr. lages throughout the country, some com- Samuel Guy Inman, has been at work ing as far as 225 miles. These folk in the Island Republic for the past ten travel a-foot, in ox carts, or on donkey years. It represents the combined Pres- back. Some are fortunate enough to byterian U. S. A., Methodist Episcopal have a Ford; others are brought in on and United Brethren Churches, and improvised stretchers which friends or maintains a hospital, social service and relatives bear on their shoulders. evangelistic work in the Dominican Republic. The Board for Christian Work is the only American missionary agency- with The "Hospital Internacional" (Inter- a Spanish-speaking staff in Santo Donational Hospital), conducted by this mingo City and is prepared to do re- Board has been striving to prepare lief work in the present emergency. Santo Domingo for just such emergen- The Board is hoping to cooperate with cies as the present one, by training any who desire to assist the distressed Dominican nurses (an unknown profes- Dominicans. sion among Dominicans before the American Hospital began its work), and Lambeth and South India building up a Dominican hospital and medical staff to care for public health CHURCH union is a live topic needs. This work is extremely difficult throughout Christendom. Wealthy and time-consuming and such situations as the present terrible disaster serve to congregations are strong enough to demonstrate more clearly than ever the great need which exists. get along as they are, but not the small With a popUlation of approximately a ones, particularly in village communimillion people, Santo Domingo has but ten hospitals, some of which are private ties in the home mission field where institutions, and, except for the Dominican nurses trained in the "Hospital five or six denominational churches Internacional," trained nursing service does not exist in the Republic. At this are struggling to live in communities time there are probably available in Santo Domingo, abo u t – twenty-five which can adequately support only one trained nurses, ten of whom are at present students in the hospital. church. On the foreign field, union is The "Hospital Internacional" is being even more imperative. Face to face conducted in an old Spanish building. Its thick old Spanish walls withstood with the stupendous obstacles that con- front Christianity in the non-Chris-

tian world, missionaries and their Church, "These opinions will carry boards and supporters at home are great weight throughout the world, more and more clearly realizing that and particularly throughout the Angli- the churches simply must get together can Communion." The resolutions .of if they are to meet their problems in the Conference were published in full, any adequate way. We have ,said many August 30th, in the two Protestant times, and we expect to say many Episc.opal papers in America, The times more, that a divided church can Churchman and The Living Church. never save the world and that it is no They cover a wide range of topics, part of the missionary duty of the but that which particularly interests churches to perpetuate the present sec- missionary workers is the one on the tarian divisions. South India Plan. The subject is of such widespread interest from the It is good to be able to add that the viewpoint of home and foreign mis- movement toward union is making sions that we append the full text of progress. Several organic unions have the deliverance, which was drafted by already been consummated in the the Archbishop of York. United States, Canada, Great Britain and on the foreign mission field, and South .India plans for other unions are at a promising stage. Thus far, however, no 17. The conference has heard with the mutually acceptable formula has been deepest interest of the proposals for found for union with the Anglican church union in South India now under Communion. The World Conference consideration between the Church of Inon Faith and Order at Lausanne dis- dia, Burma and Ceylon, the South India cussed the vexed question of ordina- United Church and the Wesleyan Church tion, but felt unable to g.o beyond a of South India, and expresses its high apfew generalities. preciation of the spirit in which the rep- resentatives of these churches have pur- The South India Proposal sued the long and careful negotiations.

The first concrete effort to solve the 18. The conference notes with warm problem was made by the churches sympathy that the project to which the and missions in South India, the main Proposed Scheme for Church Union in points of which were given in the South India bears witness is not the for- January number of THE REVIEW. It mation of any fresh church or province was reported to the Lausanne Confer- of the Anglican communion under new ence Continuation Committee, at its conditions, but seeks rather to bring tomeeting in 1929, which devoted a gether the distinctive elements of differwhole session to it. The sympathy of ent Christian communions, on a basis of many members of the Committee was sound doctrine and episcopal order, in a out.spoken, but the fears of others and distinct province of the Universal the policy of the Committee to make Church, in such a way as to give the only unanim.ous deliverances prevented Indian expression of the spirit, the anything more than a rather feeble thought,and the life of the Church Uniand non-committal reference to the versal. subject in the official findings. 19. The conference observes further, More definite action 'was expected as a novel feature in the South Indian from the Lambeth Conference of all Scheme, that a complete agreement bethe bishops of the Anglican Commun- tween the uniting churches on certain ion throughout the world at its meet- points of doctrine and practice is not exing in August of this year and it was pected to be reached before the inauguraawaited with mingled eagerness and tion of the union, but the promoters of anxiety. The Conference had no legis- the scheme believe that unity will be lative power and the bishops could only reached gradually and more securely by express their opinions. But, in the the interaction of the different elements words of the editor of The Living of the united church upon one another. It is only when the unification resulting from that interaction is complete that a final judgment can be pronounced on the effect of the present proposals. Without attempting, therefore, to pronounce such judgment now, we express to our breth- ren in India our strong desire, that as soon as the negotiations are successfully completed, the venture should be made

1930J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and the union inaugurated. We hope Canterbury recognizes "that the conthat it will lead to the emergence of a stituency that we represent is not part of the Body of Christ which will universally convincrq about all the possess a new combination of the riches provisions of the schene and wishes to that are His. In this hope we ask the see how it works out b('fore commitchurches of our communion to stand by ting itself to definite appreval"; and our brethren in India, while they make adds: "General approval doe8 not bethis experiment, with generous good will. come an endorsement. After all. South India is put on probation and is 20. The conference thinks it wise to warned that it will be held responsipoint out that af.ter the union in So~th ble for the results of a questionable India has been maugurated both mm- experiment." isters and lay people of the United Church, when they are outside the juris- Each reader will doubtless form his diction of that church, will be amenable own conclusion. We need only add to the regulations of the province and that, whatever interested parties may diocese in which they desire to officiate read between the lines, it is clear or to worship, and it must be assumed that the Conference did not disapprove that those regulations will be applied to the Plan, as some opponents had hoped individuals in the same manner as they it would do, but, on the contrary, gave would now be applied to similarly cir- it definite encouragement. This is a cumstanced individuals, unless any prov- great gain. The disapproval ·of such ince takes the formal action to change its an influential body might have blocked regulations. " the movement. Now the way is clear for advance. Official action is yet to 21. The conference, fully assured in be taken by some of the ecclesiastical the light of the Resolutions of the Gen- bodies concerned, and many prayers eral Council Gf the Qhurch of India, will be offered for their guidance by Burma and Ceylon adopted in February, divine wisdom and the Spirit of Christ. 1930, that nothing will be done to break the fellowship of the churches of the Why Be Pessimistic About Anglican communion, confidently leaves in the hands of the bisops of that church China? the task of working out in detail the principles which are embodied in the Pro- LET Americans, who imagine. that posed Scheme. the tumultuous conditions in China for a score of years mean that 22. The conference gives its general the Chinese are incapable of self-govapproval to the suggestions contained in ernment, read the following statement the report of its committee with regard of Andrew White, former President to the Proposed Scheme for Church of Cornell University and Ambassa- Union in South India, and commends the dor to Germany, in his essay on Groreport to the attention of the Episcopal tius, on page 55 of his volume entitled Synod and General Council of the Church "Seven Great Statesmen": of India. Burma and Ceylon. From the middle of the 16th century So far as we can judge from the to the middle of the 17th, throughout editorials and articles in a considerable those 100 years, was waged (in Europe) number of religious papers, this de- a war of hatreds-racial, religious, na- tional and personal; of ambitions, eccleliverance has not wholly satisfied siastical and civil; of aspirations, paeither the advocates or opponents of triotic and selfish; of efforts, noble and the Plan. The Christian Century in- vile. During all those weary generations deed characterizes it as "wholehearted Europe became one broad battlefieldand unanimous support." The Church- drenched in human blood and lighted from innumerable scaffolds. In the conman, however, says: "The Conference fused struggle great men appeared- heroes and martyrs, ruffians and scounapparently decided that it was wiser to drels: all was anarchic. avoid a possible acrimonius dispute or even a schism by giving no categorical approval or disapproval to the South India Union; yet it hailed this as the most hopeful augury of coming unity:' The Anglo-Catholic Li'Ving Chu1'(;h, which deems the Plan unwise and dangerous, calls attention to the fact that the accompanying Encyclical Letter of the Archbishop of

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE Have the nineteen women stand MESSAGES FROM THE PROPHETS in a row in the postures given by Sargent. When all are ready draw Secure from the Boston Public Li- the curtain, and call on them one by brary a colored copy of Sargent's one in order. Following portions of "Prophets" or find the same in a book Scripture were used at Northfield. on painting in your public library. Others might be chosen by the women themselves after a study of their Secure nineteen women to imper- prophets. This will make the ancients sonate the prophets depicted by the vivid to participants as well as begreat painter. Allow these to study holders. the picture thoroughly that each may visualize Sargent's conception of the Zephaniah: Zeph. 3: 17. person she is to portray. Use the very Joel: Joel 2: 28; 3: 14-16. simplest costuming, just enough to Obadiah: Obadiah verse 15. suggest the oriental garb. Nine can Hosea: Hosea 6: 1; 14: 1,4. use sheets, six should find brown Amos: Amos 5: 14. blankets or strips of dark bl'own cloth, Nahum: Nahum 1: 2,5,7. two may use slate blue or navy blue Ezekiel: Ezekiel 34: 26b; 35: 4, 9. blankets or cloth and three need rose Daniel: Daniel 2: 20-23. or violet blankets. For the central Elijah: 1 Kings 19: 14; 18: 37. figure use full yellow robe and cut Moses: Ex. 15: 11, 18; 20: 2-17. panels (3"xI8") from a large corru- Joshua: Joshua 3: 5, 9,23-24. gated box to represent the tables of Jeremiah: Jer. 29: 13; 31: 3. the law which Moses holds in his Jonah: Jonah 4: 3; 2: 2,7, 9. hands. Mark these with simulated Isaiah: Isa. 6:3, 8; 55:6, 7, 8, 9, Hebrew characters as in the picture. etc. Other properties include two scrolls Habakkuk: Hab. 3: 2. six inches wide and two feet long, Micah: Micah 7: 18. with Hebrew characters, a sling or Haggai: Haggai 2: 22. rope for Amos, a staff for Elijah and Malachi: Malachi 3: 7-10. a sword or a short stick to suggest a Zechariah: Zech. 4: 6, last sentence; sword for Joshua. 9: 9. Select from the words of each of these men of God a characteristic "THE ARMOR OF GOD"

prayer, imprecation, or command and Properties have each woman memorize hers. Then let a leader speak briefly of the Bible, helmet, breastplate, shield, mighty influence of these men of sandals, sword. prayer, and if she desires give outstanding characteristics of a few, the If obtainable, the sandals should be power, nearness, and almightiness of the oriental sort with straps for the Moses' prayer, Elijah's miracle-work- great toe. If not available, use low ing prayers, the sympathy and patri- slippers with no heel. otism of Jeremiah, the boldness of Daniel, etc. The breastplate may be made of cardboard cut like picture of breast- plate in Bible dictionary and covered 768

METHODS FOR WORKERS

0) RIGHTEOUSNESS 12"

( L_ _ _ _~W~o~r~d~o~f~G~O~D~———-=> 2'

1 – < – < ' – – – – – – – – – – 2 4 " – – – – – – – – -…..1 o o o ~ mu« 0 FOR END OF VISOR 1I "

SALVATION 160/4-"

with silver paper. Use Denison stiff cardboard about 2' long and 2¥2" gummed letters to label it "Righteous- wide, sloped ta a point. Cover with ness." The shield should be 28" or silver paper and letter "Word of God." 30" long of corrugated paper and have The helmet is made of light cardboard the word "Faith" in 3" or 4" letters. or stiff paper like the accompanying Use silver paper for this and the pattern and also covered with silver helmet, too. The sword is made of paper and lettered "Salvation."

4

Outline Hymn: Faith of Our Fathers. Leader: Eph. 6: 17a. Place helmet Hymn: Soldiers of Christ, Arise- on youth's head. 1-3. Solo: There Is a Green Hill Far Away. Scripture: Rom. 12: 1-3, WeymQuth Leader: Eph. 6: 17b. Hand sword translation. to Youth. Jesus said: Mark 16: 15. Solo: Follow Me. All sing, Soldiers of Christ Arise, fourth and fifth stanzas. Youth and Hark the voice of Jesus calling, Follow leader leave on opposite sides during Me, follow Me! fifth stanza.

Softly through the silence falling, Fol- To shorten, omit several songs. low, follow Me! MARY AND MARTHA CLUB-A As of old He called the fishers when He walked by Galilee, PERSONALITY AND FINANCE Still His patient voice is calling, Follow, METHOD follow Me. Realizing our women and girls are Who will heed the holy mandate, Follow wanting to share in a large way in Me, follow Me! this Pentecostal year, we are asking that these clubs be formed in every Leaving all things at His bidding, Fol- church. As a result of the spirit of low, follow Me! the first Pentecost the followers of Christ put all they had into a common Hark, that tender voice entreating mari- fund. Thus they met the need of all. ners in life's rough sea Weare trying to meet the needs of our brotherhood through the General Gently, lovingly repeating, Follow, fol- Fund of the United Christian Mis- low Me. sionary Society. This is the bread and butter fund. Out of it must come the Hearken, lest He plead no longer, Follow maintenance of all phases of work. Me, follow Me! Here is where the need is most insist- ent. Once again, 0 hear Him calling, Follow, follow Me! The National Promotional Depart- ment is asking for 1,900 churches and Turning swift at Thy sweet summons organizations within the church to (Enter swiftly Youth) give $100 more this year than they did evermore, 0 Christ would we last year. In some places the church alone, the Sunday-school and other or- For Thy love all else forsaking, Follow, ganizations will each give $100 over follow Thee! last year. In other places it may take the combination of two or more or- Youth (in white): I heard the voice ganizations to meet this aim. In a of the Lord saying, "Whom shall I few instances it may take the comsend and who will go for us?" Then bined effort of all to reach the $100 said I, "Here am I, send me t" increase.

Solo: Follow the Gleam. In our adult missionary organiza- Leader: 2 Tim. 3: 17; 2 Tim. 2: tion department we now have the bi- 15; John 5: 39; Col. 3: 16. During ennial membership. If an individual the recital of these verses, hand Youth member gives a special gift of $50.00 a Bible. over a period of two years she becomes Youth: Thy word is a lamp unto a Biennial member. If, in this Pentemy feet and a light to my path. Teach costal year, she gives $50.00 as a speme Thy statutes. Open mine eyes that cial gift into the General Fund before I may behold wondrous things out of Thy law. CPs. 119: 105, 64b, and 18.) Hymn: Open mine eyes, that I may see. Leader: Eph. 6: 11-13. Pause. Eph. 6: 14. Place breastplate on Youth. Eph. 6: 15. Hand sandals to Youth who lays Bible on table, kneels, and fastens on sandals. Solo: Peace I leave with you, or, Peace, perfect peace. Leader: Eph. 6: 16. Hand shield to youth.

June 15th she is counted a Charter Although I must haTe Martha's hands, Biennial member. These Biennial I have a Mary mind; memberships will count on the $100 And when I black the boots and shoes, extra gifts asked for by the National Thy sandals, Lord I find.

Promotional Department. We believe I think of how they trod the earth, many more than 1,900 churches and each time I scrub the floor; organizations and individuals will give Accept this meditation, Lord, I haven't this extra love gift of $100.00. time for more.

Well, what does all this have to do with the Mary and Martha Club? Just Warm all the kitchen with Thy love this. We believe many women and and light it with Thy peace; girls have more time and talent than Forgive me all my worrying and make they do money. We want to help them all grumbling cease.

convert this time and talent into mon- Thou didst love to give men food, in ey by going into partnership with the room or by the sea, Lord. Accept this service that I do-I do it 1. As a member of the Mary and unto Thee.

Martha Club you agree to invest from (This prayer was written by U. K. 10c to $10.00 in some way to bring in H., a girl 19 years of age, who is in returns from the investment, all of domestic service, and was read to a which is to be given as a special gift large congregation by Dr. G. Campinto the General Fund of the United bell Morgan at Westminster Chapel, Christian Missionary Society. London. Reprinted from The West- minster Record.) Printed in the July, 2. You may invest your time in 1929, issue of THE MISSIONARY REgiving lessons, caring for children, typing, washing and ironing, sewing, VIEW. cooking, etc. All this to be done as individuals in partnership with the As a member of the Mary and Mar- Lord, praying daily for His guidance, tha Club I agree to invest a sum of and blessing on all the world-wide money (lOc to $10.00) with the Lord work. We are to have the "Martha as my partner to work earnestly and hands and the Mary mind." Dig up persistently that all the returns from the buried talents. Don't be afraid this investment may be my second nor ashamed to work with your hands. mile giving in Pentecostal sharing Christ was a carpenter-Paul was a with others that the need of all may tent maker-Lydia was a seller of pur- be met. ple. God will surely add His blessing to this consecration of time, talent and I will put no limit on the amount money. Don't put a limit on what your to be received from the investment. gift may be. Make a real honest ef- Praying and working, this is my adfort and you will be greatly surprised venture in faith with Him. This gift at the results. This is a Love Gift will not count on regular aims. It is over and above regular dues and of- to be sent through my missionary orferings and wiLl not count on regular ganization to the General Fund of the United Christian Missionary Society.

aims. List of Members I DO IT UNTO THEE Name Amount invested Lord of all pots and pans and things; President, since I've no time to be Vice-Pres.

A saint by doing lovely things or Secretary, watching late with Thee, Treasurer, Or dreaming in the dawn light, or Lit. Secy., storming heaven's gates, Make me a saint by getting meals, and washing up the plates.

The following helpful Junior Ma- classroom. It seems to give them a terial was furnished by Mrs. C. K. feeling of reverence and holiness, as Lippard, of the Lutheran Board: well as of achievement.

For the Leader Who Says, "We Contacts with foreigners near by Can't A:lford" sometimes cost nothing, yet bring about world friendship in the most Save sheets from your large adver- natural and fitting way possible.

tising calendars. The blank backs Friendliness to the Chinese laundry- make good poster mounts. man and the Italian fruit man in your Brown or gray wrapping paper neighborhood may be more valuable make excellent scrapbooks if carefully than a series of lessons.

folded, creased and cut. Also can be A letter to a missionary or a child cut into camels, elephants, etc. in a foreign land costs little but means Laundry cardboards and suit boxes much and often brings an answer that are excellent for poster backs and for makes world-children seem nearer and construction boards. dearer.

Current magazines furnish all sorts of nature pictures, foreign land pic– THE :MAN WHO :MEANT TO GIVE tures, ships and travel pictures that By HOWARD W. POPE, make missions alive to a child. St. Petersburg, Florida Used Christmas cards furnish stars, He was a good man, kind and true, camels, Madonnas, etc. Covers of Who often told what he would do Christmas numbers of magazines are When he was rich and had the means, often more beautiful than expensive And lived no longer on baked beans. And this he said from day to day, pictures. They may be used for Until his best years slipped awayposters and scrapbook work. Not knowing God will close the door To wealth-unless we help the poor. If children are asked to look for and bring certain pictures from home they When hard times came and all around, almost always find them in old maga- Bread lines were formed in every town, zines. Villages of different countries He gave no cash, he gave no bread; can be made by larger boys and girls Instead of that, he often said- "Next year I will begin to give," out of material collected from "trash" Not knowing surely that he'd liveif they are encouraged to find, bring The same old story newly told, Though every day he laid up gold. and use materials in their own way.

Peanuts and potatoes make excel- When mighty Mississippi wrought lent animals. Sponges make bushes; Death and destruction, dearly bought– pieces of glass, or silver paper, rivers And calls were made on every hand and windows. Any boy who has a To help the suff'ring of the land, God spake to him a hundred times, printing press or a set of letter sten- But he would not give even dimes; cils is proud to be asked to use them But daily to himself he liedto letter posters, notices. With good intentions satisfied.

A group of noisy boys was once held And when the sick could no more wait and interested by being allowed to For his intentions which were late, make a church window by putting to- They simply died and passed beyond gether pieces of colored paper on the All chance for that man to respond. Last week that man lay dead and cold, back of an old window shade. It took And all he left behind was gold. months to finish the window, collect- He had no friends-he never had, ing the paper bit by bit and putting Because his life made no one glad.

it together again and again until the Here is a lesson all should learnright effect was gained. When the Give what you can-but quickly burn shade is hung in a strong sunlight Your good intentions which bring naught against an open window or clear glass, But bitter heartaches, dearly bought. even strangers exclaim at its soft Today's chance we can now securebeauty. The boys look at their win- Tomorrow's is by no means sure. dow at once when they enter their If we let this chance slip away, It may not come another day.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FWRENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions I AM THE MISSION STUDY CLASS Apologies to the author of HI Am the Immigrant"

I am the Mission Study Class-join me.

Since the time of my birth I have helped others. I was born of the craving for wider knowledge, more efficient work, and deeper spirituality. My footprints are found in many churches.

I am often in some homes. I even enter the colleges. I am glad when I mingle with the mem- WILLIAM CAREY AND 'fHE WORLD rHOBLEM bers of the young people's societies, for I help them to reach the highest standard of efficiency. In a recent letter from a board came I delight in the company of those in the a little leaflet on which were the above young women's missionary societies. I serve at the men's clubs and help them picture and wording. Enquiring for permission to use this material in THE to know world affairs. I pass wonderful hours in conversation REVIEW, we were told the following with the women of the missionary societies. story.

I am found in some Sunday-schools, al- It seems that some fifteen years ago ways in those doing the best work. the Missionary Education Movement I consist of a few . congenial people, printed this as a leaflet-in much the preferably from six to ten. I meet once a week for one hour or more same form. Mrs. Charles L. Fry, of at each session, for a course lasting six weeks; or one full day a week the Lutheran Board, secured permisfor three weeks. sion to reprint it and borrowed the dispel ignorance, remove prejudice, cut. The cut was returned and when overcome indifference, and arouse in- terest. the Movement merged with the Inter- I encourage benevolence. church World Movement, it was either I increase and vitalize prayer. destroyed or lost.

I develop strong, active Christian char- A year ago finding neither photo- acter, and provide missionaries. graph nor cut available, Mrs. Fry sent I present for study a literature which excels "in truth, in pathos, in dig- to the Missionary Education Move- nity, in simplicity, in its contribu- tion to scientific research, in its ment of London for the photograph direct bearing on great world prob- and, slightly revised, the leaflet "in lems." the ego" once more came forth. It And yet, there are some who say they was so well liked that two other de- have no time for me. nominational boards secured permis- I am one of the "worthwhile" things and sion to print it, and now Mrs. Fry has kindly loaned us the photograph and you should learn to "put first things given permission to publish. May this first." If I can be fused into the church work, I will do you good. personification of the Mission Study For information on textbooks and leader's helps, write to your own denomina- Class continue to do good service.

tional headquarters. F.E. Q.

773

THE FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ress is being made. A bi-lingual OHUROH leadership is absolutely necessary. The pastor must preach in English to Findings of an interdenomill,u.tiona,l con~ reach his young people. There is an terence held under auspices of the Joint Com- increasing tendency away from the mittee on City and New Americans of the establishment of separate churches Home Missions' Council and Council of Women and missions, and toward departments for Home ~Iissions, (Slightly adapted.) of American churches. We have been guilty of the sin of denominational The purpose of the Conference on competition. Large sums are spent on the Foreign-Language Church held in Italian evangelization, and the prog- New York City on May 8, 1930, was ress of the people in giving toward to evaluate the work being done among the foreign-language groups; to ap- self-support has been slow. praise the methods, programs and results of the work; and to determine The four Hungarian churches are the best possible lines of work for the large and strong and show progress toward self-support, but little progfuture. ress toward identification with Amer- In the last fifteen years, dating ican life.

from the beginning of the Great War, The Czechs are rapidly being abimmigration from Europe has aver- sorbed into our American churches.

aged only 207,000 a year and an aver- The Spanish-speaking work is most encouraging. There are 15 centers age departing to Europe of a little now operating. less than 100,000. Accordingly our net increase in population from the The other languages now being used European countries has been about are Greek, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, 100,000. This has bearing upon the Esthonian, Latvian, Armenian, Syrian, work of our foreign-language churches. Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Korean.

The foreign language work being One hundred and seven Englishdone in Greater New York, and the speaking Presbyterian churches in Presbyterian work in Philadelphia Philadelphia were studied. Of these, were reviewed, as cross-sections of the in the last ten-year period there was a entire task. The following facts were gain of six per cent in membership, while the city shows fifteen to sixteen represented: per cent gain in population. There In Greater New York there are now was a fourteen per cent loss in Sun- day-school enrollment. Of forty-seven one hundred and two churches or Hungarian Presbyterian churches in church enterprises conducting Prot- the United States, in the ten-year estant work in some foreign language. period the gain in membership was In this list are not included the twenty-seven per cent while their churches for the older immigration, Sunday-schools gained fifty-six per such as German, Scandinavian, French cent. and Welsh, as they do not constitute a home mission problem in the main. Of seventy-one Pre s by t e ria n Forty-eight of the one hundred and churches using the Italian language, two enterprises are for Italians. Fif- over the ten-year period there was a teen of these are separate organized gain of eighteen per cent-7,000 memchurches, sixteen are missions, and bers-and twenty-one per cent gain in seventeen are departments of Amer- the Sunday-schools. The Slavic group includes Slavic churches in New Jerican churches. Bey, the Pittsburgh region, and also There are several elements of dis- a group of Czech churches in the middle west. They showed a gain of couragement, based mainly upon de- forty-one per cent in church membercreased immigration; increased pros- ship and six per cent only in the Sunperity, causing removal of these day-schools. families from the old neighborhoods; and the increased use of English. On the other hand, there is unanimous confidence in the need and in the possibility of Italian evangelization. Results indicate that slow but real prog-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

The per capita for the Presbyterian group; the group must express itself Church in 1929, for 2,004,000 mem- in leadership, in forms of thinking, bers, was $18 for current congrega- and in responsibility. Today we are tional support, which takes out build- thinking in terms of self-support, not ings. The 6,000 Italian members gave $11 per capita; the Slavs $15; the to save our budgets, but to increase Hungarians $17, almost on the level of the effectiveness of the group. Selfthe whole Presbyterian Church. The support is an educational process. In average Christian in the foreign lan- Europe the churches received state guage church is giving relatively more support. The Hungarians are making per capita from his slender resources good contributions on church property, than our English-speaking people. but not so good on pastors' salaries.

Conclusions of the Conference A strong local leadership is abso- lutely necessary to a successful work So far as we can measure the for- among foreign-speaking groups. Staeign-language churches statistically, bility depends upon leadership. they have made encouraging progress. Whether they have now reached the The custom of some foreign-lanpeak or not, remains to be seen. They guage churches to loan their buildings are certainly facing a period of transition and deserve the continuing sym- to secular nationalistic organizations pathy and loyalty of our home mission for meetings was questioned by some, agencies. but the consensus of opinion was that it is legitimate, provided the morals Foreign language work should be and ethics of the church dominate all of at least three types – separate proceedings. They can be beneficial churches, missions in separate build- to the church, and also exert a wholeings, and departments of the Amer- some influence upon these groups. ican church. The type of church depends altogether on conditions. The There is considerable concern about church must adapt itself to its en- the ability of the foreign-language vironment. As long as the attitude of churches to hold the young people. the American church is, "we do not want these foreigners," we must have The facts in the case are not very enthese racial groups keeping by them- couraging. The consensus of opinion selves. We must promote a Christian was that the pastor is the hope in the spirit among the American churches. situation. It very largely depends We have to outgrow the day of the upon him. He must be youthful in foreign-language mission church. spirit, sincere, earnest and sympa- The unorganized neighborhood house thetic. The entire family must be or church has value and should be reached, and the church built upon a continued. This type of work has won family basis. its way, has established its place, and has served both foreign-speaking and The regular American churches are English-speaking people in both large having varying degrees of success in and small cities. Social settlements absorbing the second generation yonng have had a large influence in shaping people. Fifteen churches responded social legislation, and in changing social conditions. Christian social to the question, "What success are you centers, and other so-called institu- having in absorbing second generation tional churches, ought to be regarded young people in your regular Ameras "listening posts" and ought to have a means of communication back to the ican church?" The answers may be Church. classified as follows: Religion to be secure must be indigenous; it must grow out of the 1. Churches where children of foreign groups are practically nil and where there is no special interest in the subject.

2. Churches where the situation ob- tains to a certain degree and they are at a loss to know just what to do.

3. Churches that deal with the situa- tion through their associated or branch churches, thus relieving the main church, as they see it, from any special responsi- bility.

4. Churches, like the Madison Avenue programs of church worship, giving Presbyterian in New York City, whose much attention to the instruction of enrollment in the church school consists children in the Sunday-school, and of practically 500/0 of children born of more time to the preparation of their foreign parents (in this particular message to their people. The whole church Czecho-Slovakia) and where 500/0 question of religious educational methof the new members received into the ods and material for foreign-language church from the Sunday-school would be churches was considered of primary these chi I d r e n of Czecho-Slovakian importance, and requiring careful parents. study. The entire matter, including the question of proselyting, was re- 5. Churches, like the North Presby- ferred to a small committee for careterian Church in New York City, where ful study and for report to the Joint they have a great many children from Committee on City and New Amer- Swedish, Armenian and British parent- icans. age and non-Roman Catholic background "who have usually been assimilated as There is an increasing tendency for Americans with little or no national dis- English-speaking churches to come tinction." into some kind of relationship with the foreign-language churches. There 6. A large group of churches which, is in many places a merging of the through their Daily Vacation Bible English-speaking and the foreign- School, summer activities and Sunday- speaking churches. There is a strongly school, have a number of children whose felt need for yoked or united churches. parents are affiliated with the Roman Federation and other forms of inter- Catholic and Eastern Church report denominational adjustments looking that these children are absorbed "into toward greater efficiency and better the group of our young people as are service, were thought to be desirable. children of American parents." In a number of centers there was thought to be overlapping. By reduc- The indications are that the for- ing the number of projects and center- ing upon the more likely ones, the total eign-language work has neglected too results would be greater. This whole matter of mergers, consolidations, and much the use of literature. The federations was referred to a small committee to work out practical plans. power of the printed page, and the use READERS' COURSE of colporteurs was stressed very Pl'epared by National Committee on the strongly. The possibilities of united Cause and Cure of War. Room 1116. Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. work in the field of literature for for- It was agreed at the conference in eign-language groups were considered Washington last January that the Readers' Course should be continued to be great. There is need of an inter- and that as many delegates and friends of the Cause and Cure of War as posdenominational training school for sible should be urged to join in the reading. workers a m 0 n g foreign – speaking In view of the fact that the London groups and especially for the training Naval Conference succeeded in getting a treaty on disarmament, that a Comof colporteurs. Interdenominational mittee of Preparation for Disarma- ment under the League of Nations is bi-lingual papers are very much considering a program for another Commission on Disarmament, and that needed. the outcome of these two efforts has Social programs for foreign-lan- clearly shown that disarmament is a guage groups and churches are abso- lutely essential and should be pro- moted. Religion is a spirit that can be communicated, passed from one per- son to another, and the social ap- proach to boys and girls permeated by the Christian spirit is essential.

The present immigration situation is producing important changes in programs. Pastors are giving more emphasis to the distinctively religious phases of their work. A pastor said, "Ten years ago I had to teach English, but now I can spend my evenings in prayer-meetings, and more time can be given to religion." They are study- ing programs of religious education,

measure difficult of accomplishment Selected Article8 on DisarmrLment and yet imperative in its need if the compiled by Mary Katherine Reely. H. world is to achieve peace, it seems W. Wllson, 960 University Avenue, New very important that we should under- York. $2.25. stand the problem of disarmament better than any of us do. The Pact of Paris compiled by James Thayer Gerould. H. W. Wilson. $2.40. Therefore, we shall devote the Conference in January, 1931, mainly to Reference Shelf-DisrLrmrLment comthe question vf Disarmament and de- piled by Julia E. Johnson. H. W. Wilvote the first section of the Reading son. 90c. Course to Disarmament. The World Court (History, Organiza- SECTION I tion and Work); also The World Court, Fifty Questions Answered, and accom- Section II will appear in a later REVIEW. panying leaflet. The American Founda- tion, 565 Fifth Avenue, New York. Free. CODlpulsory Reading Course The Root Formu/rL rLnd the World No one can take this course and say she Court. National League of Women Vothas completed it unless she has read these ers, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., books. It is the only list that is compulsory, New York. 10c. hut the three books it contains must be read. Tbe total cost is a little more tban $5.30. United States and The World Court by Philip C. Jessup. World Peace Foun- Navies and Nations by Hector C. By- dation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, water. Houghton, Mifflin Co., 386 Fourth Mass. $2. Avenue, New York (1927). $4. A discount of 50c may be deducted if ordered The World Court, If1f!f!-lf1fUJ, by Manthrough the National Committee on the ley O. Hudson. World Peace Founda- Cause and Cure of War, checks made tion, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. payable to that Committee. $1.75.

America'8 Naval Challenge by Fred- THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN erick Moore. Macmillan, 60 Fifth Avenue, New York. $1.50. CANADA Naval DisarmrLm,ent by Hugh Latimer. By HELEN M. STRACHAN A brief record from the Washington Conference to date. Royal Institute of In the promotion of peace through International Affairs, Chatham House, the League of Nations, the Churches St. James Square, London, S. W. 1 of Canada have played a large part by (1930). A limited number may be had keeping before their members the of the Council of Foreign Relations, 25 West 43d Street, New York. $1. aims and ideals of the League. The Women's Missionary Societies of a Light Reading number of the churches are also vitally interested. The Woman's Mis- Issued in form of stories, the object of which sionary Society of the Presbyterian is to make the readers desire to join the forces Church in Canada is a corporate memof peace. These three light reading books, which it would be a pity not to have read, ber of the League of Nations Society cost $7.50. in Canada, and our women are there- fore closely allied with this greatest German Students' War Letters by modern movement for the peace of the Philip Witkop. Translated from original world. This Society, by lectures and edition by A. Bredd. E. P. Dutton, 286 literature, extends the knowledge of Fourth Avenue, New York. $3. the League's doings and publishes the Interdependence monthly. This infor- The Wet Flanders Plain by Henry Williamson. Read and join the crusade. mation is given to our women through E. P. Dutton. $2. the medium of our missionary mag- azine. StepdrLughters of War by H. Z. Smith. Not nice reading. "Savage and unsenti- Another interesting movement has mental." E. P. Dutton. $2.50. been the formation of a Canadian branch of the World Alliance for the Reference Books promotion of International Friendship through the Churches. The Alliance Certain reference books are added with the has its branches all through the Conrequest that these books shall be secured by your library or by someone in your group who tinent and Britain. With this Canawill serve as volunteer librarian for the read- dian Branch are connected the Angliing group in your town. Two are compilations on Disarmament j one is a compilation on thp Pact of Paris; several are on The World Court, anyone or more of which may be srlected. 'l'hey are especially good for sDeakers, debaters, essayists, or for other utilitarian needs.

can Church, the Baptists of Ontario, WHAT SHALL OUR POLICY BE? Quebec and the Maritimes, the United Church, the Presbyterian Church, the By OWEN D. YOUNG Salvation Army and the Quakers. Among its activities are included an When our political policy in interinterchange of preachers in many of national affairs becomes cooperative the border cities of the United States in spirit, which need not involve us in and Canada, and the observance of the entanglements or alliances; when our Sunday before Christmas, on which economic policy looks to the economic prayers are said for the promotion of development of the world as a whole peace and goodwill. and the improvement of living stand- ards everywhere; when our tariffs There is also in Toronto the Inter- and our treaties are made to evidence Church Committee of the League of this spirit (because we are under ,sus- Nations, a woman's organization com- picion now); then we may hope for prising not only the women of the effective plans for farm relief, for re- Protestant Churches but of the Jewish duction of 'our surplus of raw materiand Catholic faiths. Frequent meet- als and manufactured goods, for relief ings are held during the year, when of unemployment, and for-what is addresses are given to stimulate the most important of all-a better spirit attitude of church women against ag- of all nations towards us and towards gressive war, and to bring before each other. That means peace, and them what is 'being done by the wom- peace thrives in a world of contenten of other countries in the interest ment and mutual welfare. It cannot of peace. live in a world or in a nation where there are great inequalities and in- The interest of our Canadian church justices caused by man-made barriers. women was quickened last year by the appointment of Dr. Caroline Mac- What shall our policy be? Whatdonald to the Labor Conference at ever it is, it must be a large and all- Geneva, as interpreter and general as- embracing one. We cannot have a sistant to the Labor Delegate from world-wide economic program if it is Japan, and her report on her return to be defeated by a narrow political at a public meeting under the auspices policy. It does no good for businesses of the Inter-Board Committee. Dr. to send their representatives to for- Macdonald carries on in Tokyo a large eign countries to sell our surplus work among prisoners and girls in in- goods if, politically, we ruthlessly ofdustry. She is called by the Japanese fend the very customers they are tryan ambassador of good will between ing to create. We may tax ourselves the two nations. Two of the Woman's in huge amounts to buy a farm sur- Missionary Societies of Canada give plus, but we will have t() move it out grants to this work. That a Canadian of America or that program will fail. woman should be chosen to interpret After all, the consuming power of the for a foreign power at a gathering world has to be raised but little to which was striving to relieve in all take care of the surpluses which cause nations the misunderstanding between so much disaster to ourselves. capital and labor and help usher in a new and better day in industry, was We, more than anyone in the world, a tribute to Christian missions. need an era of good feeling, not only in our own country but elsewhere. I Believing, as we do, that world beg the leaders both in politics and friendship and prevention of misunder- economics to cultivate it. He who standings among nations is one of the makes bad feelings at home or abroad chief concerns of Christian churches, is not only a destroyer of our proswho represent on earth the Prince of perity today, but he will be the cause Peace, we can do nought else as church of far worse things tomorrow. Amerwomen but throw our whole might ica has no use, nor has the world, for into the promotion of peace. professional manufacturers of bad will.

Visitors corne from the remotest

Roman Catholics Gain in China of the country, and the most inacces- sible parts of the province. RECEIPT of an official report of the apostolic delegate to China show- Last spring an exhibition dealing ing a total membership in the Roman with improved agricultural methods Catholic Church in China of 2,473,619, and village life was visited by over an increase of 47,637 last year, was fifty thousand people, while nearly five announced May 13. thousand students of the local G'Overn- ment scho'Ols carne in relays. The report, made public by the Rev. James G. Keller, superior of the Mary- The Institute is taking a part in knoll Junior Seminary at Los Altos, the nati'On-wide movement against California, showed that, aside from illiteracy, and schools for both boys the regular. clergy there are nine and girls are operating regularly. Chinese bishops, 1,371 Chinese priests, Sunday-schools of three grades meet more than 5,000 Chinese nuns, and on Sundays, in which a total enrolment approximately 4,000 Chinese young of 250 is now recorded. – Missionary men preparing f'or the priesthood.- Herald.

New York Times.

A Legation Stair Observer on the Child Slave. of C:hina China Famine F D OR many years Mrs. F. J. Dymond R. CLAUDE BUSS of the staff of has been doing a splendid work on the American Legation in Peiping behalf of the child slaves of South- recently traveled into one of the West China. famine sections with John Earl Baker, director 'Of the China International In the Preface to her book, "Yun- Famine Relief Commission to investinan," Mrs. Dymond quotes from a gate famine conditions in places where League of Nations publication the there are no roads or railroads and to statement that there are three mil- ascertain how the contributions from lion child slaves in China. She fears America for famine sufferers could that of the eighteen provinces of best be used. He writes: China, Yunnan has the largest propor- tion. She does not mince her words Oh! The sights in the famine area! in showing what this traffic in slaves Beggars everywhere, homes with roofs means. In "Yunnan," Mrs. Dymond torn off to provide fuel, corpses always does not deal exclusively with this naked, lying by the side of the road to problem, but gives vivid word-pictures provide food for dogs and flies. Every- 'Of this part of the country where she body lean and haggard for lack of food. has spent so many years.-Missionary One old man so far gone we gave him Echo. money to buy a meal but he didn't want it. Not enough energy left to even want. The Institute at Tsinanfu He fell down and practically died at our feet. Swollen ankles from weak hearts, T HE people visit the Institute in as swollen stomachs from eating poisonous large numbers as ever. Rarely do weeds-such is a famine region. And the figures fall below 400,000 an- even :worse, every house is a nest of lice, nually, which is about equal to .the scorpiOns and bugs. The bites of these whole population of Tsinanfu cIty. insects spread plague and typhus. Two gwleaedksI wofasthtaot,geatndhoymoeu.~cLaenttimeragtoineChhionwa Famine Relief.

779

Girls School at Shnntefn He attended the L. M. S. schools, first in Peiping and afterwards in Tientsin, OVER the entrance of the mission where he studied theology under Dr. sch{)ol for girls at Shuntefu, Jonathan Lees. In later life he seized China, is thi,s significant title, in various opportunities for fuller edu- Chinese characters, translated liter- cation, taking a two years' course of ally, "Refining furnace pure character study in Bible Training Institute, female learning school." The happy Glasgow, and spending another two in girls I saw inside were a good ex- America at Columbia University and hibit of the effect of the pure char- the Union Theological College. He reacter training they were receiving. ceived his D.D. from Toronto and was One feature of the school is very prac- the first Chinese to become a Doctor tical. Simple living I'ooms fitted up of Divinity of a western university. as a home are located near the gate apart from the dormitory. Here When the China Continuation Comgroups of four girls, two ()lder and mittee was formed II>S the result of two younger ones, live together under Dr. Mott's visit to the Far East, he supervision of the faculty, with full became its Chinese secretary, and reresponsibility for the housekeeping. moved to Shanghai. As is well known, They must buy their food, cook it, the National Christian Council a few serve it, keep the accounts, and attend years later succeeded t{) this committo all other h{)usekeeping duties for tee. When this hapened, Dr. Cheng a month at Ii time. In this way they passed from the secretaryship of the learn by doing, and their own homes one to that of the other, and still later will be the better managed for retains that position. such training.-Letter from George H. Trull,. He presided over the N~tional Christian Conference in 1922, that C. Y. Cheng, Great Chinese Leader epoch-making occasion on which half of the thousand delegates were Chi- OF THOSE who recently crowded nese, and in the various committees the City Temple on the occasion the proportion was far larger. of the annual sermon of the London Missionary Society, a few, no doubt, In 1927 he was appointed the first were present at the Edinburgh Con- Moderator of the Church of Christ in ference twenty years ago. These will China. The following year he reprehave recalled the impression that C. sented his country at the International Y. Cheng made as a young man at Christian Council in Jerusalem, and that historic meeting. took a prominent part in its proceed- ings. He is a vice-chairman of the Since then he hll>s grown steadily International Missionary Council, repin power and influence, and is to-day resenting practically all {)f the Protone of the greatest Christian forces estant missions in the world. The in his own country, and highly re- high positions that have been accorded garded by the universal Church. Dr. to him are an indication of the fact Mott has repeatedly referred to him as that he is universally regarded as a "the great prophet of China." great spiritual force.-Christine I. Tinling, in The Christian, London. The London Missionary Society claims him as it.s own, and certainly GENERAL has every right to be proud of him as one of its "old boys." Dr. Cheng's The Patriarch of Alexandria father was a pastor in Peiping under that mission for a quarter of a cen- MELETIUS, the Ecumenical Patritury. arch of Alexandria, was one of the notable figures at the Lambeth Little Ching-Vi was baptized when Conference. He is {)ne of the besthe WII>S five years old, and grew up in known characters in the whole orthoa home fragrant with holy influences. dox communion. Greek by birth, he

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first rose to importance as Archbishop congregation which gathered there for of the Church of Cyprus, and a politi- worship and went out from there for cal colleague of Venizelos, by wh()m vital Christian service. Words that he was drawn to the throne of Athens. he has recently spoken may wi,sely be At the next vacancy of the patriarchal pondered by his brother ministers throne, the influence of that states- throughout the country. "People," he man, then as now dominant in Greek has said, "are tired on Sunday. They life, procured his election to Constan- have seen enough shows through the tinople. week. They have had all the enter- taining they care for. What they want As Patriarch he was a leader in the on the Lord's day is a quiet conversavarious reforms that the best men in tion with an earnest-minded man who the Orthodox Church then saw to be is interested in the high things of the needful. But when the Turk came spirit and who knows how to interpret back he was one of the immediate ob- the words of Jesus and the signs of jects of their vengeance. Soldiers the times. Declamation is a bore, orawere sent to arrest him. A telephone tory is an offense, fireworks of every message to the British embassy sort are an impertinence. but a quiet brought down a boat crew on the in- talk on the deep things of God is alstant, and they found the prelate ac- ways strengthening and healing. A tually being forced into the motor preacher who is content to speak in car which was to take him into a cap- everyday language to his people Suntivity where he would have vanished day after Sunday about Jesus Christ, forever. The sailors prevented the and the application of Christian ideas arrest, thereby undoubtedly saving to their personal experiences and to his life, but the Turks were able to the problems of their generati()n, can insist on his resignation of the see, be 'interesting and fresh at the end of and he retired to a monastery on thirty years."-Christian Century. Mount Athos. Thence he was summoned to the throne of Alexandria, Dr. Bowie on Marriage from which he is the ruler of all Orthodox in Africa, including the con- I T IS time that Christian ministers siderable body at such centers as Jo- should recognize the danger of behannesburg. All men would agree he coming mere adjuncts to a social funcis one of the most forceful characters tion and should become increasingly in the Orthoaox episcopate of the day, the priests and interpreters of God's and a prelate whose career has a note meaning for marriage. There ought of the picturesque and the adventur- to be a difference between religious ous that is not too common in this marriage and nonreligious marriage. century.-Living Church. There 'ought to be a difference between Christian marriage and marriage Dr. Jelrerson Leaves the Broadway which is entered into with no thought of the spirit of Christ. If men and Tabernaele women come to the church to be mar- ried, then they ought to desire not DR. CHARLES E. JEFFERSON simply that the church shall solemnize has preached his last serm()n as the marriage ceremony, but that it pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, should contribute its continuing in- New York City. With the end of that spiration t'O their married life. pastorate there comes to a close one of the most influential ministries in the Our new standards for marriage at history of the American pulpit. For Grace Church are not conceived in any thirty years Dr. Jefferson has been spirit of compulsion. We are not unpreaching in the great church which qualifiedly asking that women and men stands so close to the business center should "join" a Christian church. We of the metropolis. And for thirty hope they will join one, in full status years that church has been filled, not as Christian communicants, but we with curiosity seekers, but with a real

recognize that this may involve quell- the Theological Faculty of the Uni- tions of creed and other difficulties of versity at Zurich. A professorship adjustment which cannot be pledged was granted to him after only three in advance. What we do ask is that years of academic work at the unithey shall "seek to associate themselves versity because of his distinguished for worship and fellowship with a pioneer work in the field of interna- Christian church in the community tional Christian cooperation. where they reside." If they do not want this, there is no reason why they In the document pertaining to the should come to the church to be mar- professorship, the University empharied; and, if they do want it, there is sizes the fact that through his work every reas'on why we of the church on behalf of the Stockholm and Laushould help them to find it.-From a sanne Conferences and their Continusermon by the Rev. W. Russell Bowie, ation Committee·s, and his directorship D.D., Rector of Grace Prtotestant Epis- of the International Social Christian copal Church, New York. Institute, he is in the happy position of standing in the very center of the Gifts for Religion Lead most important theological and eccle- siastical movements, and is thus able THE strength of religious sentiment to lead his ,students into the newly in the United States is reflected in created "ecumenical theology" which the fact that special gifts to religion concerns itself with the points of simled all other objects of philanthropy ilarity in the conception of the Gospel in 1929. The exact figures, as re- among the Christian Churches as well ported by the John Price Jones Cor- as with the weighty social and ethical poration, are: Religion, $996,300,000; problems of present-day Christianity. education, $467,500,000; gifts for personal charity, $279,760,000; organized The Lambeth Resolves charitable relief, $278,710,000; health, $221,510,000; foreign relief, $132,- T HERE were great searchings of 000,000; the fine arts, $40,000,000;· heart at the Lambeth Conference. play and recreation, $20,900,000; mis- And there were great resolves of cellaneous reform organizations, $14,- heart, chief of which was that "the 040,000. It might further be noted Christian Church of every nation that of the funds given for education shQuld refuse to countenance any war a large proportion went to church col- in regard to which the government leges, and that the inspiration for the of its own country ,has Jlot declared $558,000,000 given to charity had its its willingness to submit the matter rise in fundamentally religious im- in dispute to arbitration." If this pulses. Directly or indirectly, religion were lived up to by all the members operated more powerfully on American of that particular Church around the pursestrings than any other one in- globe, and they were joined by all the fluence. It obviously remains a much members of the other Christian stronger influence in our national life Churches, the end of war would be than may be inferred from certain assured. critics of the organized churches, 'or from the observations of circles indif- A citizen following this "resolve" ferent to the subject.-C h r is t ian would have normal and spiritual au- Standard. thority of the highest character for refusing to go to war if his country Swiss Government Honors Dr. Keller refused to take the preliminary step toward peace. This reservati-on would DR. ADOLF KELLER, the Federal carry national patriotism into a higher Council's special representative level than that which often prevails in Europe, wa,s recently the recipient in times of great emotional exciteof a very unusual honor, bestowed on ment. The position taken by the conhim by the Swiss Government through ference offers a challenge to every government that has entered into the

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pact for the. pacific settl~n:ent of in- and social injustice, all sectarianism and ternational dlsputes. Indlvlduals have Protestant division, all lawlessness and dared to go so far under the prompt- selfish nationalism and all attacks on the ings of their own consciences. But movement toward disarmament.-New this is the unanimous pronouncem~nt York Times. of a body of Bishops representmg their constituents in practically all the LATIN AMERICA countries of the earth. Indian Facts Other resolves relate to matters of more intimate concern to the family REV. W. CAMERON TOWNSEND, life and to individual faith……. But of the Central American Mission, out of all the disquieting perplexities submits the following facts concerning which have confronted the Church in modern society, it ri·ses with un- Indians in the Americas: . dimmed faith and confident hope, asserting that with the help of science There are 500 or more Indian Ian" it is' now able to trace "a continuous process of creative development ~t guages spoken in Latin America which every stage of which we find the ~I­ vine Presence and power." Scientific have not been reduced to writing. thinking has given back to us a sense of reverence for a Creator who is Many of these Indian tribes live in ~he "always and everywhere active within the universe."-New York Times. almost inaccessible fastnesses of m- terior South America. Some of them have never been visited by the white man.

Definite effort is being made by various pioneer missionary agencies to reach these scattered peoples, but the need has not begun to be met.

Christian Endeavor-Berlin Meeting Protestantism in Argentina T HE last day of the eighth World I N ARGENTINA we are being con- Chri·stian Endeavor Congress was fronted with the immigration prob- marked by services in nearly all the lem. Up to within ten years, most of Berlin churches to which the dele- our immigration came from the South gates from forty"two nations. thr?nged of Europe, but now we are getting and by an enthusiastic meetmg m the people from the north: Germans, evening, the closing session of the Poles, Czechoslovaks, etc. A great congress, to which more than 15,000 many of them are Protestants. Years came to take leave of one another and ago, when the Argentine Gover.nme~t repledge themselves to carry on ~he took the census of its populatIon, It work of the society in their respective invariably announced the number of lands. Catholics and Protestants to be found within its territory; but they no Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of longer do that.. The Protestant popthe World Christian Endeavor Union, ulation has increased tremendously said: within these last years.-Bible Society Record. We have opened a new epoch in the youth movement of the Ch!"isti.an C~urc?, Venezuela to Pay Off Its Debt I believe. Our organizatlOn IS actIve m 112 lands. Eighty thousand one hundred A NEW day.of celebrating.a nationand seven societies are reported. al histone event has Just been adopted by Venezuela. That country, Germany's welcome to this army of to commemorate the 100th anniver- Christian Endeavor members has been sary of the establishment of its indespontaneous and unqualified. Ever~­ pendence from Spanish rule, which where we have been treated well. PresI- took place under the leadership of dent von Hindenhurg's w~lcome an.d ~ur Bolivar, has decided during the year talk with him were partICularly sIgnIfi- to payoff its entire national debt of cant. His life motto, "Ora et Labora" $4,700,000. [worship and work], became the convention message.

In the final hour of dedication these representatives of 4,000,000 yo,ung peol?le vowed themselves against all mter-raclal

University of Mexico more tourists to this island of en- chantment. A very fine purpo.se ….. . THE National University of Mexico However, there is one feature of its was originally founded under papal program with which the writer is sanction in 1553 by decree of Philip completely out of harmony. In its or- II of Spain. It claims to be the oldest ganization meeting the leader, amid university in the Western Hemisphere, hearty amens from those about him, antedating the founding of Harvard said: "This publicity about homeless College by eighty-six years. It has p;ople, hungry and naked children, had a long and varied history, and is Sickness and neglect must be stopped. now independent alike of ecclesiastical We must allow nothing but that which as well as political control, although in is rose tinted and good to be said about part receiving its support from the our island." No doubt his purpose is revenues of the Republic. The Pre·si- good, but his judgment is bad. That dent of the United States of Mexico is one of the thi'ngs which has held and other high officers are ex-officio Porto Rico back for so long. It has members of its board of trustees, the not been willing to face right up to majority of whom are elected from the its shortcomings and its needs. Percitizenry of the Republic, the faculty, haps the greatest thing which Gov. and in part from the students. Its Theodore Roosevelt did for Porto Rico present official title is "Universidad was to place its actual conditions be- Nacional Autonoma de Mexico." There fore the people of the United States. are nine thousand students and well Porto Rico is definitely a part of the organized departments of study and United States of America. Her citiresearch in the various sciences, in- zens are citizens of the nation. A weak cluding the Instituto de Biologia and spot here is a weak spot in the nation. the National Museum of Natural His- Dying children, nakedness, and starvatory.-W. J. Holland, in The Carnegie tion here mean that we are permitting Magazine. such conditions under our ·own flag, among ,our own citizens. Porto Rico Cuba did not ask to become a part of the United States. We took the island by EXTENSIVE public works have armed force. We must now see that its been initiated involving the ex- people have a chance to become healthy, penditure of more than one hundred strong, constructive, happy citizens. million dollars of public funds. A Porto Rico is indeed one of the most magnificent new highway, extending beautiful spots in the world. It has through the island for more than 800 one of the most wonderful climates mile.s, is now in process of construc- …… No citizen of the United States tion and will probably be completed in who ventures out on the sea in boats 1933. A new capitol building has re- should fail to spend a few weeks in cently been erected at an expenditure Porto Rico. At the same time, no one of approximately sixteen million dol- should come expecting to find it perlars. Cuba is a land of great natural fect. The per capita wealth in Porto resources, under-populated, ideally lo- Rico is only $182, as compared to $1,- cated, and its future prosperity should 123 in the United States. To those not be without a reasonable solution. who have a little imagination this fact As in all such instances, this is a time will reveal a lot.-C. Manly Morton, in when unselfish leadership is being The Christian Century. tested.-Annual Report Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Government Schools in Mexico Porto Rico Seeks Tourists ONE of the characteristics of the present movement in Mexico is PORTO RICO SERVICE, INC., has that of the spread of education. The been organized. Its .purpose is to Department of the Federal Governso advertise Porto Rico as to attract

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ment has been establishing rural to accommodate the increasing popuschools in every state of the Republic. lation at home. Japan's principal food Besides, every state and town is doing supply will certainly run short, if her something to establish and support population should continue to increase schools for the benefit of the children and her surplus popUlation should not of the country. There is at present be afforded an exit. an army of 35,000 teachers engaged in the educatiQn of the youth in Certain members of the Population Mexico. There are more than 1,400,- and Foodstuff Research Committee in 000 children enrolled in all the schools, Tokyo have been advocating the diverwhich shows the largest number ever sion of unemployed at home to South receiving an education in Mexico. America and the South Seas. But emigration without subsequent finan- The present administration headed cial aid has brought about difficulties by President Ortiz Rubio has in- in South America. The South Seas creased the approprIation for the declare that they are at present un- Department of Education and the de- able to receive Japanese unemployed. partment in charge of this important Litemry Digest. branch of the government is busy distributing that money in new schools, A Japanese Pastor's Library estabJi.shed wherever they are most needed.-Andres Osuna, in The Mis- WE VISITED one day a little stasionary Voice. tion which was opened years ago at Kashiwakubo, some two hours dis- JAPAN-KOREA tant from Tokyo. Nowhere else in the world have I seen such constant Growth of Tokyo beauty of landscape as greets one here. On every side were hills covered I N THE five years between the great with fine trees vi dense foliage; here earthquake and fire in Tokyo, of and there was a rushing mountain September, 1923, and December, 1928, stream and mile after mile, as we the population of Tokyo grew seven travelled along a winding road, now hundred thousand to a total of 2,218,- dipping into valleys, now going by 400. In this vast city there are 115 tunnel straight through the heart of churches, of which about twenty-five some mountain, there was no lessenare parishes and missions of the Nip- ing of the grandeur of nature on every pon Sei Kokwai. Of the other two side. faiths recognized by Japan as being principal religions of the empire, The neat little church of Kashi- Shintoism has 232 shrines, and Bud- wakubo stands on a bluff commanding dhism has 1,082 great temples.-Spirit a view f'Or miles over the country side of Missions. and directly in front, perhaps twenty- five miles distant, towers Fuji itself. Japan Growing a Million a Year Surely the pastor here must have con- -stant inspiration for his task. He and ONE million new Japanese every a number 'Of his congregation were year have mouths to be fed, and assembled to greet us and we had a need shelter and clothing. Japan has very pleasant time with them, drinka population about half that of the ing tea which had been prepared from United States, concentrated in an area the leaves of the tea tree in the pasabout the size of Texas. How the tor's own garden. resources of the country are to meet this problem is an ever-recurring puz- A glance at the library of this paszle to Japanese officials and scientific tor was revealing. This was a small authorities. rural church, yet here, as everywhere we went, we found well-trained college Just now this question is more acute graduates taking up the task of the because, as long as the business de- ministry. These are some of the pression continues, there is no room books which we found in his library: 5

Harnack: What Is Christianity? boards grant annually about 1,900,000 McGiffert: Prote'stant Thought Be- yen, and the native churches con- fore Kant. tribute about 1,300,000 yen. There are E. C. Moore: Protestant Thought 3,300 church buildings, and 3,800 Since Kant. other places where Christian services H. R. Mackintosh: The Originality are held. The total member,ship is of the Christian Message. 108,000 and adherents estimated at James Moffat: The Theology of the about 220,000. Of Sunday-schools Gospels. there are 4,000, with 15,000 teachers, W. R. lnge: Christian Mysticism. and 185,000 pupils attending. In edu- T. R. Glover: Jesus ,of History. cation there are 400 sch'Ools for boys, P. T. Forsyth: Positive Preaching with 1,000 teachers and 30,000 pupils; and the Modern Mind. 170 for girls, with 580 teachers, and James Denney: Jesus and the Gos- 14,000 pupils; and about 200 mixed pel. primary schools with 500 teachers and James Orr: Revelation and Inspira- 9,000 pupils. Of kindergartens there tion. are 170, with 330 teachers, and about Otto: The Idea of the Holy. 7,000 children. There are also 22 hos- This was not an isolated instance pitals and 25 dispensaries, and 68 as we found similarly well-stocked li- medical missionaries in service. braries elsewhere in small rural fields. It is a matter of deep encouragement Korean Christian Activities that the Church in Japan possesses the spirit of independence and that there I N ANY summary, mention should is also a highly trained, thoughtful, be made of ,several special institureading ministry. Possibly the second tions. The missions conduct three fact is partly accountable for the first. leper colonies with about 880 inmates With these two elements in the situa- in each; there are two Union Christion, we have cause for real confidence tian Colleges and three Theological in the future of the Church of Christ Seminaries; a Christian Literature in Japan.~Dr. F. M. Potter, in Chris- Society that publishes nearly 80,000,- tian lntelligencer. 000 pages per year; a Bible House that has put in circulation copies of Ohristian Progress in Korea the Scriptures during the eighteen years of its existence; a Y. M. C. A., I T WAS not until 1885 that organ- that in addition to its city student and ized and de5nite eff,orts were made rural work, has an industrial departto establish the Christian Church in ment which has printing presses that Korea. That year saw the coming of now do most of the work that was representatives of both the Presby- formerly sent to Yokohama before the terian and the Methodist Churches 1923 earthquake; a Sunday-School and marks the real beginning of Prot- Association whose work covers all estant work. The progress made dur- Korea and yearly puts into circulation ing these intervening forty-five years a great volume of its own special is most impres,sive, as will be seen by books and publications; the Union following present-day figures. Christian Hospital at Pyeng-yang, and the world-famous Severance Union Of the total of 474 foreign mission- Medical Oollege with its associated aries, 88 men and 77 women are en- hospital; and a Woman's College-the gaged in evangelistic work; 31 men only school of this grade in Korea. and 53 women in education; 33 men The Christian Church and its accomand 35 women in medical work; 10 panying activities are well established in miscellaneous lines (agriculture, in this land, and are functioning in etc.); and the balance of 147 are fitting way.s as can be seen from the wives, most of whom are active as- above condensed sketch.-Congrega- ,sistants in the whole program. tionalist.

For the work in hand the several

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AFRICA schools in Kenya. Already thirty-three teachers have finished the supervis{)r Airships in Christian Serviee course and forty-seven more are under instruction at the Kenya school. Those A CHAIN of first-class airdromes has who have finished go out to the vil- been laid out across Africa from lages through the country, helping the Cape to Cairo. Dr. Robert P. both teachers and schools by giving Wilder, missionary secretary in the them the basic methods of teaching Near East, flew recently from Bushire and starting them on local projects inin Arabia to Cairo, 1,098 miles, in sev- cluding hygiene, sanitation, agriculenteen hours, saving in that way eight ture, home construction, school crafts days of land travel. The Australian and recreation. Inland Mission of the Presbyterian Church sends doctors and nurses by A return of these supervisors every air to isolated sick settlers, often year or two for several weeks of rebringing back patients to a base hos- newed instruction is a part of the pital. Mrs. Osborn says in The Pres- Jeanes system of training. byterian Magazine: "It is only four hours at the outside limit before help Madigas Revival can arrive for a sufferer. Instead of a terrible j'ourney from water-hole to I N THE Canadian Mission Revival, water-hole under blazing sun, the trav- as significant a phase as any is the eling is now done by doctors and movement of the Madigas to Christ nurses who are notified by radio. A in the northern fields, long counted properly equipped airplane ambulance unfruitful. This Madiga community takes the skilled as'sistant to the res- was the one most largely gathered in cue." The expenses of this service are by the great mass movements radiatlargely paid by a bequest of the Aus- ing from Ongole, and it ·still constitralian harvester manufacturer, Hugh tutes about ninety-five per cent of the Victor McKay. 93,768 church members in the A. B. Telugu Mission today. The rural Alongside 'Of this relief work is a Madiga movement has a persistent splendid system for sending religious element of weakness in the extreme and general literature to isolated set- poverty of those involved. But there tlers; and itinerant preachers now are great elements of strength as well. itinerate by airplane. So the old order The Gospel makes almost a clean changes giving us in anticipation a sweep of them as it moves through picture of the acceleration which is them in a region. They have staying coming in the witness to the Gospel in powers of the greatest value. Their alliands.-S. S. Times. humility in learning and their will- ingness, when lead, to make great sac- Ea,st Africa rifices for education, and progress are beyond praise. THE development of the Jeanes schools is the most {)utstanding in- The American Baptist Mission, toformation about this section of Africa. gether with the Anglican, Lutheran, The Jeanes system of supervisor London Congregational, Mennonite teachers, so effective in the improve- and Canadian Baptist Missions, have ment of rural Negro schools in Amer- shared in the steady expansion of this ica, offers the best suggestions for Madiga movement northward and conditions as they are found in Africa. westward. And now a new and mighty The Phelps Stokes Commission, after movement is sweeping them in by a study of education in East Africa hundreds in the extreme north of the in 1924, established five of these Telugu area. The significance is vast. Jeanes schools in carefully selected We know full well the ills of unshepareas of East and South Africa. The herded converts. Yet we cannot for- Carnegie Foundation, about four years bear expressing the opinion that the ago, established another of these danger of throttling a great move-

ment, and of making la,sting hostility NORTH AMERICA to the Kingdom by refusing baptisms because workers are lacking, seems Protestant Social Work far greater than the dangers from believers being unshepherded for a time. H W. HOPKIRK of the Child Wel- -Baptist Missionary Review. • fare League of America recently gathered statistic,s upon the number Restraint on Christian Inquirers of hospitals, homes and other institu- tions maintained by the Protestant AN EXAMPLE of the way in which churches, for the Federal Council of ft progress is sometimes discour- Churches. The following data are taken from his report: aged for lack of sufficient workers, comes in a letter to the Church Mis- Within the United States the Protsionary Society from the Rev. W. J. estant churches support more than 340 Payne, of Benin, West Africa. Some hospitals or sanitaria, 310 homes for Urhobos asked him to visit them and the aged and 400 institutions for chilto send them a teacher. At that time dren or child placing agencies. There there was no teacher available to send. is considerable variation in the extent When some months later Mr. Payne to which particular institutions give visited the place, he found that the preference for admission to individuals people had built a church, and the con- of their own communion. About onegregation numbered over fifty. They half the homes for the aged specify had provided themselves with a that they will take only, or give prefteacher, and subsequently this young erence to, applicants who are members man was formally appointed to take of the denomination sponsoring the charge of the church and school. home. But most Protestant church "When I paid them a second visit," hospitals and institutions for children writes Mr. Payne, "the number attend- do not have such a policy. Frequently ing church had nearly doubled, so that an institution for children draws a it is now necessary for them to en- majority of its population from familarge their church. The difficulty is lies of the communion supporting it, that so many want to learn for baptism but quite often, as is true of church that it is almost impossible for one hospitals, the majority of those under lad to teach them." And the narrative care are of other faiths. ends not with the words: "So I sent a second teacher," but: "So I had to ad- Of the organizations caring for chilvise him to reduce the number pre- dren, most are institutions for the. deparing for baptism." pendent and neglected, often known as orphanages, orphans' homes or chil- Sanitary Engineer for Liberia dren's homes. A few institutions and child placing agencies specialize in THROUGH the liberality of the the care of cripples, epileptics, chil- Board of Foreign Missions of the dren with behavior problems, or con- United Lutheran Church in America valescents. But for the most part the a sanitary engineer will be sent to service is not specialized. Probably Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, to seventy per cent of the institutional combat the encroachment of yellow and child placing service under Protfever in that country. The Liberian estant church auspices is carried on Government will contribute $15,000 without the benefit,s of social case annually to the mission board's $7,500 work. toward a sanitary department. By special arrangement with the United Those institutions which add case States Department of State an engi- work to their programs usually find it neer will be sent out from the office of desirable to diversify their programs the Surgeon General of the U. S. Pub- so to allow a child to receive foster lic Health Service.-American Friend. home care or mother's aid if -such service seems desirable, thus reserv- ing the facilities of the institution for those in need of institutional care.

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Hard Experiences in Alaska mail boat was just a scow and we I N JANUARY, 1929, Miss Helen were overcrowded. We certainly en- Lambert, the nurse at Allakaket, joyed our beds at the mission after Alaska, was severely burned through sleeping on the floor for a week."- the explosion of a can of gasoline. The Living Church.

Allakaket is -one of the most distant and isolated mission posts in Alaska. A University for Pacific Coast Coun- It is entirely without medical facili- tries T ties except those supplied by Miss HE University of California has embarked upon an enterprise of Lambert herself. The nearest hospital is the government railroad hospital at education that has no parallel, for the Nenana, more than 300 miles away. opportunity has never existed before.

Miss Lambert and her feUowworker, It is gathering its component institu- Miss Thompson, were finally carried to tions into a strong federation with Nenana by airplane. Bishop Rowe two clear purposes: first, to increase arranged for Miss Lambert to come to the highest degree its service 00 to the United States for treatment and American scholarship; second, to reach Miss Thompson was assigned to Ne- out to all those shores washed by the nana. waters of the Pacific Ocean. Its geo- This necessary arrangement, much graphical position, as well as the re- to Bishop Rowe's distress, left Alla- lationships that are naturally taking kaket uncared for. He finally a,sked form, will bring to it students from Miss Amy Hill, who put in three fruit- all Asia and much of South America.

ful years of work at Allakaket before Already the number of students her assignment to Anvik, to return to from Pacific lands is large, and there the former post in company with a new is now being built upon the campus at recruit, Miss Estelle Wilcox, a teacher. Berkeley an International House, made The uncertainties of Alaskan travel possible by the generosity of John D.

are well illustrated by Mj.ss Hill's ex- Rockefeller, Jr. A thing of beauty, perience. She left Anvik, about 500 Spanish in architecture and equipped miles west of Nulato, August 19, to to give comfortable and cheerful hous- make connections with a mail boat due ing to 331 men and 115 women, Inter- to go up the Koyukuk August 26. Ow- national House will speak the word ing to an accident to one of the river Welcome to the thousands 'of students steamers all schedules were disar- studying in the University. One ranged and Miss Hill found herself fourth of the residents in this house -obliged to wait at Nulato for two will be "Americans," and through this weeks. It is one of the most unat- fact the visiting students will be tractive spots on the Yukon with brought at mice into social contact and nothing but a very questionable road fellowship with our people.-Freeman house to accommodate passing travel- Tilden, in "World's Work."

ers. "Fortunately for me," say-s Miss Hill, "the Roman Catholic Mission at Churches in New York City A Nulato had accommodation for me, CCORDING' to the Industrial Bu- reau of the Merchants' As-sociaand so the stay was comfortable and sociable, as the missionaries there are tion of New York City there are 3,398 -so kind." While waiting at Nulato, churches and synagogues in the Met- Miss Hill was joined by Miss Wilcox. ropolitan district, tabulated as follows Speaking of the experiences of the according to denQmination: Roman trip from Nulato to Allakaket, Miss Catholic, 900 churches; Lutheran, 540; Hill says: "Our seven days' trip on Presbyterian, 473; Protestant Epis- that mail boat, with no accommoda- copal, 327; Methodist Episcopal, 300; tions whatever, was enough to initiate Reformed Church in America, 245; anyone. If you did nQt get sour dur- Congregational, 129; Baptist, 108; ing those days you never would. The Jewish synagogues, 102; Christian

Science, 101; Seventh Day Adventist, A number of years ago the Japa- 50; Methodist Protestant, 30; Re- nese churches formed a Japanese formed Church in the United States, Church Extension Board and entered 21; Unitarian, 20; Evangelical into an agreement that they would Church, 17; Moravian, 13; Evan- take enough reductioll in grants each gelical Synod of North America, 11; year so as to open a new field. This Universalist, 10; Church of Jesus last year the field at Santa Maria was Christ of Latter Day Saints, 1. opened and in the coming year a church will be started at Hayward, Studying Peace California.

T HE strife against war takes on a A report notes our ·service among serious form when-people will un- the Koreans thus: This is a small dergo sustained study and training for work. Nevertheless the few Koreans leadership in the cause. The Friends' are earnest and zealous. The Korean Service Commission invited all inter- Presbyterian church at Dinuba has ested people to attend a fortnight of just completed a new manse. The study at Haverford College, and the people secured all their funds and had school was organized for work, with them in the savings bank before conabundant time f.or critical discussion struction was started, except for grant and the comparison of different points and loan of $500 from the Board of of view. National Missions. – Presbyterian Magazine. Two forms of propaganda were specially developed. The one favored by Youth in Evidence in Toronto Conthe Friends and the United Brethren contemplates teams engaged in "ca1'- vention on Religious Education avaning." Each team consists of two young people who are provided with a I F 1905 was a convention of adults second-hand Ford car and $25 a week and a promoter of the Adult Bible with which to keep both the car and Class, then 1930 was pre-eminently a themselves in the field. On the other promoter of youth in religious educahand, the Methodist agency will oper- tion. During the entire week of the ate through another set of young convention two groups of adult youth people, each of whom will spend a leaders and young people themselves week in several summer schools, pro- were in session, and the last three moting the ·study and practice of days over 1,000 young people from pacifism in the church leaders among thirty-six states and provinces, repreyoung people. senting over thirty denominations, met in a great youth conference to The institute register numbered plan and promote the program of Renearly seventy, and they hailed frQm ligious Education as it referred to all parts of northeastern America. It youth. Probably this was one of the is safe to say that no one was disap- most significant features of the whole pointed. Whatever expectations might Toronto 1930 gathering and had no have been roused by the announcement counterpart in the 1905 meeting. The were more than realized in the experi- general meeting in which youth and ence which was achieved. – Christian adults gathered in the great audi- Century. torium was the first intimation to some delegates that so much had OrieDtals in AJ.Il.erica really been going on in the convention. – Congre gationalist. THE past year has been one of great development in Presbyterian work WESTERN ASIA among the Chinese in the United States. Every ·one of the Chinese Beirut College for WOlUen churches under the Board of National Missions shows a growth in member- ..t T LAST it has started! The Amership. t l ican Junior College for Women in Beirut, Syria, is no longer a dream,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

but a fact. Daughters of Christians members at once to Kariz, a town on and Moslems are embarking on this the border, where all automobiles goadventure and realizing what it means. ing to Herat must stop for some hours in the customs, and there open a tea- A Persian Saint house. He would form acquaintance with Afghans and give them Christian CAN you imagine yourself without books to take into their country. The arms or legs? Life would hardly Meshed Christians have fallen in with be worth living! But here is Dai the plan and sent a recent convert, Yoosef, who has lost both arms and himself an Afghan, to the border with both legs, and he is one of the hap- samovar, cups, dishes, sugar, tea, and piest men you can meet in a day's fifteen hundred books to see what he walk. I visited him in the hospital can do. after his second arm had been amputated, and he was all smiles and full Many free-minded Afghans who of joy; and not a word of murmur or have fled Afghanistan in the recent complaint. I had taken him a flower, troubles have settled in Meshed, near and for the moment I forgot he could the Afghan border. They are quite not take it. He looked up and, laugh- approachable, come to the mission ing heartily, said: "Sorry, Bishop, reading room, and show interest in but I'll have to trouble you to put it Christian teaching.-Sunday School in my buttonhole for me!" Times.

When I sympathized with him about Koran Translated into Turkish the loss oOf his arm, he smiled and said: "Surely God needed such a one ARABIC, being a sacred language, as me to show what He can do with ft the ecclesiastics have cried out a man who has neither arms nor legs, but who has learnt to praise Him for against their book appearing in any all His goodness and His love." Well, other tongue. But the Turkish gov- I had come to sympathize with him, ernment has in spite of this allowed but he sent me away rejoicing. I the pUblication of three separate could only thank God foOr the testi- translations. Fourteen thousand copies mony of Dai Yoosef. have been sold. Turks who formerly heard the sounding Arabic of the Surely the Lord had need of a man Koran without understanding anysuch as he is, utterly helpless, but thing of its meaning imagined it full of joy and gladness, and always charged with tremendous and mystic able to find something for which to meanings. That impression melts praise the Lord. When you are down away when the Koran is read in the in the dumps, follow Dai Yoosef's ex- vernacular. It is sometimes enough ample, and look for something for to place a Koran and a Testament in which to praise God !-Bishop J. H. the hands of a reader and leave him Linton, in C. M. S. Gleaner. to draw his own conclusions.

A Persian Christian Siege of Afghan- It is said that Kemal Pasha ip dis- gust threw the book across the room istan into a corner. Yet in the Sudan the primary textbook in all the govern- APERSIAN Christian teacher who ment schools is the Koran, and Islam has the evangelization of Afghan- is gaining ground constantly in the istan much on his heart, received per- Anglo – Egyptian Sudan. – Sunday mission to enter the country as a ped- School Times. dler. He spent a month at Herat, the chief city in northwest Afghanistan, EUROPE and came back full of enthusiasm over the possibility of Persian Christians Theologues in Gerlllany Are Increasgoing to Herat as tradesmen and artisans and quietly preaching the ing Gospel there. He urged the church in Meshed, Persia, to send one of its AN INCREASE of theological stu- f t dents in Germany is indicated by the fact that 4,678 students there are

following theological studies; 229 of to 6 per cent and the hotels have rethese being women. This represents duced the rates in Paris under presan increase over last year of more sure from the official tourist bureau. than I,OOO-the highest figure for all time.-Christian Century. "Germany is poor and there are plenty of unemployed everywhere, London Congress of C. M. s. while the cost of living is high. Italy is not so badly off on the surface be- "THAT it is highly incumbent upon cause the people do not care to com- every Christian to endeavor to plain under the Mussolini regime. Spain cannot keep the value of the propagate the knowledge of the Gos- peseta up because she has no gold. pe! among the heathen." From this and other resolutions passed by thir- "England is in a bad way because teen clergy and eleven laymen in the the dole system has broken down un- Castle and Falcon Inn, Aldersgate, on der the Labor Administration."-New April 12, 1799, has grown up what we York Times. today recognize as the great and farreaching work of the Church Mission- A Turk on Turkey's Ignorance ary Society. The growth is a wonderful story of God's mercy, leading, WE ARE ignorant; our ignorance and power: His mercy in forgiving is great. The books issued in many mistakes and weaknesses, His a single day in a European country leading in that again and again the are equal in value to the books issued sure word has been revealed and fol- in ten years in our country. We have lowed, His power in that countless not one single scientific book on pedamen, women, and children have been gogy. Translations do not exceed led from darkness to follow the light twenty in number. In past years, of Christ. On September 22-25, the we used to call "learned" those Hodjas society is proposing to hold a Con- with Turbans! We understood their gress in London, when representatives ignorance and their value has defrom all over England, Wales, and creased to zero before our eyes. In Ireland will gather in London to hear those days chemistry and medicine from leaders overseas of the great were making g rea t progress in commitments and opportunities which Europe, whereas we were sleeping in are upon us, to hear also the call from our ignorance. We were happy, yet leaders at home to face this great day so ignorant! We believed that 'Our with renewed courage and with un- Sultans had the miraculous power of flinching determination.-Churck Mis- seventy saints, so much so that they sionary Outlook. could blind the eyes of a Czar in Mos- cow by pointing their fingers out in Economic Conditions in Europe that direction!

GEORGE HARRISON PHELPS, Science is in the west. It is in special commissioner of the De- Germany, France, England, Russia, partment of Labor in Washington, Italy and America. It is everywhere who visited France, England, Italy, in the west; it is nowhere in our Spain and Germany, said the economic country. What can we do in this and industrial conditions in Europe state ? We have entered into western were unfavorable everywhere except life. We want to walk together with in France, where he said he found the western nations. Our goal is good prosperity on every side. and worthy of encouragement. We must follow the west if we intend to "There are no unemployed in live as a nati'On in the world. There France," the commissioner said, "and is no other way. Why should we stand there is more gold there than in any and wait? We cannot walk on this country except the United States. The path by talking and by pride only! luxury tax has been reduced from 12 We have hardly the light of a firefly! We need the light of a sun!

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The west is open before us like an longer."-Extracts from letters from ocean of light. We can take as much Russia and Siberia, pubUshed by the as we like. Nobody is hindering us. National Lutheran Council.

But we cannot take this light merely by the show movements of a false ISLANDS acrobat! We must make real effort. Follow Up EvangelisDl Our ignorance is like the wall of _ AN EFFECTIVE plan of keeping in China. We must pull down. We must l. touch with discharged patients enter the world of light. – Kazim has been adopted by the Presbyterian Nami, in Uyanis (Turkish) Transla-' mission hospital at Dumaguete, in the tion Service of the School of Religion, Philippine Islands. A young man Pale on Pha/Bron" Greece. visits each former patient about three Continued Persecution in Russia or four times each year, leaving a tract and other religious literature, T IFE is very hard. We have no though sometimes the journey is 50 L clothing, no linen. Food is brought miles. The story is told that a patient of the hospital was given a New Testato us by kind people and thus we are ment which he studied, but, being unstill living. , . ,A short time ago many able to attend any religious services, people of our villages were taken to did not show any deep interest in the railroad station, quite a transport Christianity. However, he took his went off, but nobody knows where to Testament with him to his home back -that is a secret. It is said by many in the hills, where he organized a conthat Siberia or the Antarctic Sea may gregation; elders were elected and be the destination. From day to day regular worship was conducted" every we are waiting for our turn …. Yes- Sunday in this man's home. There terday my husband was arrested and was only one Testament in the little sent away. I am in despair,., .Just village and when a colporteur of the now I am sitting in my bare little American Bible Society, who had been room, in the corner is a heap of straw told by inhabitants of another town to covered with a piece of old sack cloth. go farther back into the hills where … ,My thoughts are always with my they were asking for this book, reached husband … ,what sort of a night is this village his stock was soon exhe to have? … Really, if we would hausted. not cling to our belief that God will turn all these things into wholesome fruit of justi1ication, we would have Rural Y. M. C. A. in Ha.waii to despair or go mad as so many now Y do ….. M. C. A. first honors for rural May God, the dear Father in • work anywhere in America went heaven, take pity on us and deliver to Kauai, in the Hawaiian Islands, us. We hoped from day to day that under the direction of the capable sec- the door of our pris'on would Open at retary, Mr. Andrew Gross. The work last, but in vain. It is a dreadful is conducted largely through the pub- state not to be safe for a moment. lic schools and churches of the Island This horrible, nerve-shattering state and includes boys' clubs, Bible study makes life a torture. And all this classes, devotional periods, basketball under the cover of freedom, equality, tournaments, hygiene talks, ,socials, brotherhood ….. entertainments, thrift meetings, and From a prison camp in Siberia: many other activities. An older boys'

"Many families are living here. They conference is held and a boys' camping die like flies. Ice is still in our bar- center has been purchased. Since it racks. We cannot sleep, we are sur- is always ,summer in Hawaii the place rounded by vermin." Perhaps this is is used throughout the year. Boys the last letter that I will write. There from nine to twelve are cared for in is no hope of enduring it much "Friendly Indian" clubs, and the

group from twelve to fifteen in "Pio- several centuries before the Christian neer" clubs. Paralleling this program Era.

is the work of the Y. W. C. A. which Probably more battles, sieges, mas- reaches a large number of girls. sacres, and murders crowd the annals These two organizations are making of this town than those of any other a great contribution to the life of similar area throughout the world.

these present and future Americans. "It is my desire that the planning "Father and Son" banquets are held· and designing of the public buildings and, since most of the fathers are to be erected will be cunsidered with Orientals, the occasions are both in- the greatest deliberation and care so teresting and picture·sque. English that the new creation may be in every classes are conducted for this older way worthy of this ancient and beaugroup. The chief industry of Kauai tiful city," said George V, Emperor is sugar cane, and the Y work is car- of India, on Dec. 15, 1911, when he ried on in close touch with the planta- laid the foundation stone of the new tion programs. The lives of many city.-New York Times. hundreds of Japanese-American, Kor- ean-American and Filipino-American Henry Martyn School, Lahore are being influenced. THE recently 0 pen e d Christian Inventing Written Language school of Islamic Studies at Lahore, India, has been given the appropriate DR. FRANK C. LAUBACH in the name of the "Henry Martyn Schoo!." Philippines, is adding to his The mIssIOnary societies through many interesting achievements the whose initiation the project is due are invention of a written language. At the S. P. G., the C. M. S., the W. M. least he is now struggling to reduce M. S., the L. M. S., and the Methodist to writing a language hitherto only Episcopal Church of North America.

spoken or used in a very difficult Arabic script. Its nineteen sounds he Sam Higginbottom Decorated is seeking to reproduce with one sound As A recognition of his work the 1)or each letter, in order to facilitate King of England sometime ago the publishing of the Bible and other presented Mr. Sam Higginbottom with books needed in the education of the the Kaiser-in-Hind medal, one of the people of Mindanao. highest honors bestowed by the king upon residents of India. The medal If anyone thinks it is easy to do was given this American missionary what Dr. Laubach is attempting, we in recognition of the pioneer work he would suggest his trying it on some has done. He introduced better agrilanguage which he has heard but has cultural methods among the native never seen written in Romanist form.

INDIA farmers. As a result he has given India's New Capital them a few of the comforts of life, raised their standards of living from T HE new capital of India may not that of abject squalor to that of or- be as beautifully located amid dinary comforts and sanitation, and in lovely natural surroundings as Can- general contributed to the welfare of berra or Darul-Aman, the new capital the people. So well has he done his of Afghanistan, or as luxuriously built work that both Indian princes and as Washington, but it has a romance British government officials h a v e of antiquity which is perhaps denied sought his advice about the develop- to its competitors. The imperial city ment of the rural districts of India.

of Delhi, the Rome of Asia, with its His introduction of American agri- surrounding area of furty-five square cultural machinery is being watched miles of suburban territory, teems with interest by the whole Orient. If with relics of empires dating back to his experiment succeeds in India sim-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ilar experiments will be undertaken militant teaching and the full accept- in other places. – The Presbyterian ance of the doctrines of Jesus Christ. Advance. ….. From this grim religious obses- sion of soul-slavery (forced upon the India's Curse untouchables by the insistent social pressure of the caste system) only an T wo men of outcaste rank were antipodal creed, brought by men them- traveling on a train in India. It selves white hot with belief in the stopped at a station, they alighted, supreme efficacy of their own faith, bought cups of tea and drank them. could set the victim free. These mis- Suddenly pandemonium broke loose sionaries have done a job of humanizbecause they had dared drink from ing work, have aroused a volume of the same cup used by higher caste -outspoken gratitude and affection, travelers. Finally the two men were h a v e developed a propagandizing forced to buy the cups. Then, heap- power, not without potentiality in fuing indignity upon indignity, the ture India." guard on the train said "Aha, you have cups in your possession. You "Until" Meetings must pay me four rupees to make it worth while not to take you up for B ISHOP B. T. BADLEY writes in this." A lawyer of low caste origin the Indian Witness: was also refused tea at a station, but "Until Meetings" are being held in because of his position finally secured villages of the Bombay area, under the drink. He got his tea, but all the the leadership of Indian men, where people of his caste in the entire dis- the people come together to pray and trict were for a long time boycotted wait "until" they receive the power in the shops. Gandhi does well to em- from on high, of which our Lord spoke phasize the curse of untouchability.- to His disciples. There is neither fad Missionary Herald. nor fanaticism-just a waiting be- fore God and a claiming of His prom- Miss Mayo on India Missionaries ise, the "promise of the Father" anil the pledge of Christ. "ONE of the two active influences which have affected the status Will the Moslems of India Remain of the untouchables (in India) was, LoyaU and is, the reclamation work of the Christian missionaries …… It is now DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, author some sixty years since that work be- of a new book, "Across the World gan, and of the five million present- of Islam," is an authority on Mohamday Indian Christians a large majority medanism. In a recent interview he are untouchable in origin. The de- said: "India is the largest and most voted workers (missionaries) have important Moslem country in the plunged into mud waist deep and set world. Nearly seventy millions of its their shoulders to the burden of the vast population constitute a 'minority' slaves. The material result wherever of great power in the world of Islam. the-se people have dug in is cleanliness Indian Moslems exert a world-wide instead of squalor, health instead of influence through their Diaspora and rottenness, courage instead of cring- their press." The reader of Chapters ing, a percentage of literacy high I, II and XVI in Dr. Zwemer's book above that of the Hindu body and, will have the key to the actual situaeducation once received, a frequent tion. Dr. Julius Richter of the Uniwillingness to return to the village versity of Berlin writes: "There is and live for the less fortunate of the hardly anyone, even among the same blood. The fact may as well be Orientalists, with such a compre· faced that the decisive agent in affect- hensive and intimate knowledge of ing this metamorphosis has been the present-day Islam as Dr. Zwemer."

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ. By Wil- ditions. Religion of course begins liam Bancroft Hill, D.D. 160 pp. $1.25. with the individual; but it cannot end Revell. New York. there. It affects, and it is affected by, the conditions of his environment. Christians who remember St. Paul's Christ is for all life and all relations solemn statement that "if Christ hath of life-individual, family, community, not been raised, your faith is vain, ye national and international. A man are yet in your sins; then they also cannot be a true Christian in his prithat are fallen a81eep in Christ have vate life and a pagan as a neighbor perished," and who are perplexed by and a citizen. the frequent assertions that the doctrine of the resurrection has no his- The author of this handsome volume toric basis, eagerly welcome good is widely recognized as one of the books on this vital theme. The dis- leading exponents of the social applitinguished Professor Emeritus of cation of the Gospel. Called in 1893 Biblical Literature in Vassar College, from a Congregational pastorate in and member of the Board of Foreign Hartford, Connecticut, to the Chair of Missions of the Reformed Church in Social Economics in Chicago Theolog- America, here give·s us such a book. ical Seminary, he soon became an in- It is an able, scholarly, evangelical and fluential factor in the city's life. He reverent study of the basic fact of founded the Chicago Commons Social Christianity. He carefully evaluates Settlement, was its head resident for all the accounts of it in the Gospels over thirty years, and a leader in civic, and all the references to it in the social, industrial, interracial, educa- Epistles, and he concludes that the tional and religious movements amid evidence is impregnable. He believes the teeming multitudes and surging that the churches of today are not growth of that remarkable metropolis. availing themselves of an abundant This book tells the story of his probsource of power when they fail to lems, the struggles and achievements. give the resurrection a large place in It is a human document of rare intertheir faith and preaching. "The est, and a contribution of unique value Christian world is hoping and pray- to the literature of the subject. ing for a new day of Pentecost. Is it prepared to preach with full conviction Nature and Religion. By Charles H. Tynthe message of the first day-Jesus dall. 275 pp. $2. Revell. New York. and the resurrection?" No other book of our acquaintance more helpfully The author is a retired minister who discusses this momentous subject or has been a life-long student of science. more richly repays thoughtful perusal. He has written several scientific books and has lectured at many colleges and Pioneering on Social Frontiers. By Gra- chautauquas. In this volume he has ham Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University assembled many facts which modern of Chicago Press. Chicago. science has disclosed regarding the universe, the earth, the sea, minerals, One of the notable developments of plants and animals. He avoids techmodern Christianity is the activity of nical terms and presents his informathe churches in applying the principles tion in popular style. The material is of the Go.spel of Christ to social con- arranged for use a·s a handbook.

796

BOOKS WORTH READING

The religious bearing of the facts is book is well documented and has its indicated from the viewpoint of an value for those who desire to underevangelical believer, and each chapter stand the inner spirit of Indian Nais followed by questions for review. tionalism. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. It is a good book to put into the hands of young people. ImmortabiUty, an Old Man's Conclusions. By S. D. McConnell, 178 pp. $1.50. The Passion Play of Oberammergau. By Macmillan. New York. Janet H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. New York. An old man of 85 years, sitting quietly in the evening of life, realizing Visitors to Oberammergau this year that the end of earthly existence is were fortunate if they read this book near, and meditating deeply upon the before their arrival, for it gave them mystery of what lies beyond-this is information that they needed to have. the picture that this book suggests. People who did not go have doubtless The traditional arguments for uniheard so much about the Passion Play versal immortality do not satisfy him. in that famous village among the Ba- He thinks that they are post-biblical varian hills that they may well be and were influenced by conceptions of grateful for Mrs. Swift's account of man and the universe that modern it. She has written with full knowl- science has showed to be untenable. edge and fine sympathy. She describes He has "read scores of books on the the place and the people, the history subject and learned from them just of the play, the essentially religious nothing at all." He sees no adequate character of the performance, the de- ground in Scripture, science or reason votional spirit that characterizes it, for the current belief that all the huand the profound spiritual impression man beings that have been in the that it makes upon the beholder,s. It world from primitive savagery till is a book of deep and permanent inter- now are immortal simply by virtue of est. birth, and he presents many argu- ments and cites numerous Scripture India in Bondage, Her Right to Freedom passages in support of immortability and a Place Among the Great Nations. -by which he means immortality, not By Jabez T. Sunderland, M.A., D.D. as an inherent endowment of every 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. man but as a prize to be sought and achieved through Jesus Christ, and in This most interesting book, first no other way. He declares that "this published in India, was promptly sup- whole argument was set forth nineteen pressed there by the British Govern- centuries ago" by St. Paul in 1 Cor. ment. The author is an American and 15, and he marvels that "its plain has visited India twice. He gives the meaning has been persistently mis- Indian side of the problems relating read." Believers in conditional imto self-determination. In all of his mortality will find in this book strong conclusions he is violently anti-British, reenforcement. Others, who will not as the titles of some of the chapters concur in his positions, will respect indicate: e. g., British Arrogance and the sincerity of this venerable clergy- India's Humiliation; The Kind of man who has had a long and honored "Justice" Britain Gives India; India's ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Opium Curse; India's Drink Curse; Church and who writes as one who is Crushing Out the Genius of a Gifted soon to "cross over from the life that People; The Truth About the Amrit- now is to another." sar Massacre; The Great Farce- Britain's Claim That India Is Her Gott und die Voelker. By Dr. Martin "Sacred Trust"; The Great Delusion- Schlunk. 3.50 Marks. Furche Publi- Britain's Claim That She Is "Edu- cation House. Berlin. cating India for Self-Rule." These chapter headings indicate what the The author is one of the greatest reader may expect. Nevertheless, the authorities on Missions in present-day

Germany. Having long served the graphically narrates her experiences, cause in an executive capacity, he is the manners and customs of the prim- now Professor of Missions in the Uni- itive tribes, their .superstitions and versity of Tiibingen. He presents the dire spiritual needs, and the efforts Scripture teachings on Foreign Mis- that are being made to give them the sions in a most original way. The Gospel of Christ. Rear Admiral Sir material is divided over a period of H. H. Stileman, of the British Navy, twelve weeks of seven days each, so writes the preface, in which he says that the reader may have a section that "the world's store of missionary before him each day of the week and literature will be richer for this work make his own review on Sundays. The from Miss Stuart-Watt's pen, written main divisions are: God's Will to as it is with an intimate knowledge Send; God's Command; The Carrying of that fascinating and mysterious Out of This Command; The Result. portion of the Dark Continent."

The Scripture passage·s bearing on Indian Islam. By Murray T. Titus. 290 each point are stated first and are ac- pp. $4.50. Oxford University Press. companied by explanatory notes. The New York. author does not state a thesis which he tries to prove, but leaves the reader This is the latest volume in the to draw his own conclusions. It is notable series on the Religious Quest the most successful presentation of the Scripture teaching on Missions. of India which has won a high place in the literature of religious thought. C. T. BENZE. The author is a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church who has Mystik oder Versohnung, Dr. Karl Heim written out of an experience of nine- and Kokichi Kurosaki. Furche Publi- teen years in India, during which he cation House. Berlin. has made a profound study of Indian This book consists of two essays, life, philosophy and religions. In this the first by the well-known Tiibingen book his special subject is the history professor, and the other an interpre- of Mohammedanism in India. It tive autobiography of a famous Japa- shows thorough scholarship, clear nese Christian. Both essays are writ- thinking, and Christian spirit. He ten from the standpoint of mysticism. says that he wrote the book as a thesis Prof. Heim ends with the statement for the Kennedy School of Missions at that the secret of the whole matter Hartford, Connecticut, in requirement lies in reconciliation with God; that for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the end Foreign Missions means but it is a work of permanent value, not a compromise but war; and that giving a comprehensive and readable the Christian is a debtor both to the account of the history, beliefs and in- Jew and the Greek. Kurosaki reaches fluence of 70,000,000 people whose atthe same conclusion from the course titude must be taken into account by of his own Christian life. The essays anyone who would understand modern are a worth-while contribution to the India.

missionary cause, written from a modern viewpoint. C. T. BENZE. The Faith that Wins. By Roy Talmadge Africa's Dome of Mystery. By Eva Stuart- Brumbaugh. 125 pp. 75c. Bible In- stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago.

Watt, F.R.G.S. 214 pp. $4.50. Mar- This is a small but interesting and shall, Morgan and Scott. London. helpful book by the pastor of the Pres- This i·s a superbly illustrated de- byterian church at Coatesville, Pa. He scriptive history of the Wachagga discusses faith as walking, witnessing, people of Kilimanjaro, their evangeli- adventuring, overcoming, choosing, liv~ zation, and a girl's pioneer climb to ing, conquering, suffering, and he the crater of their 19,000 feet snow closes with a beautiful chapter on shrine. The author, who is a member Christ as "The Author and Perfecter of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, of Faith."

PERSONALS AND OBITUARY

PERSONALS MRS. KATHARINE M. B. FORD, widow of the Rev. Dr. George A. Ford, died (Concluded from page 721.) July 5, of heart disease in Syria, where she had long been engaged in missionary sence, beginning September first, to meet work. With Dr. Ford, honorable retire- ment was granted her by the Board of the request of the National Christian Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in 1924, but they con- Council of India for his services as tech- tinued to live 'in the land of their adoption. Dr. Ford died two years ago. nical advisor in the rural social survey DR. ANNA S. *KUG*LER*, first American of the Christian mass movement. The woman medical missionary to India, and survey, which is financed by the Institute founder of the Lutheran hospital at Guntur, died recently at the age of 74. of Social and Religious Research, looks Dr. Kugler was a graduate of the Wom- en's Medical College of Philadelphia, and to an inquiry into the economic, social, has served for 47 years on the mission field. In 1904 she received the Kaiserand occupational status of the new Chris- i-Hind silver medal from the British Viceroy. tians, agricultural people living in small DR. JESSE LYM'"AN* HU*RLBUT, long one villages. MINNIE *V.* * of the best-known Sunday-school workers MISS SANDBERG, foreign in the world, died at Bloomfield, N. J., Aug. 3, at the age of 87. Dr. Hurlbut secretary of the Woman's Foreign Mis- first came into national prominence when he joined with Dr. John H. Vincent, and sion Society (Baptist), sailed from Van- one or two others to found the Chau- tauqua Assembly at Chautauqua, N. Y. couver August 7, for a visit to the mis- Two years ago a movement was started to build a Hurlbut Memorial Community sion fields. Miss Sandberg has served as Church at Chautauqua in honor of the veteran leader. For years Dr. Hurlbut a missionary in Japan, and carries with served as editor of the Sunday-school material of his denomination, and his her not only a practical knowledge of books, which were mainly simple re-tell- ings of biblical narratives for the use of missionary life on the field, but a keen study classes, sold in large quantities. His "Story of the Bible" is said still to insight into missionary problems as they be the most widely circulated children's book in its field in America. relate to the home base. During her ab- THE RIGHT REV*. S*IDN*EY CATLIN PARTsence Miss Helen L. Tufts, assistant for- RIDGE, D.D., Bishop of West Missouri eign secretary will be in charge of the since 1911 and for more than a quarter century a missionary in China and Jaforeign work. pan, died from a heart attack on June 22, in Kansas City, Missouri. * * .. THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., *** LL.D., F.R.G.S., internationally known THE REV. DAVID GOURLEY WYLIE, president of the Lord's Day Alliance and as "the modern apostle to the Moslem for more than a half-century a promi- nent Presbyterian leader, died suddenly World," will be inducted into the chair August 26, at the age 73. Dr. Wylie had been presiding at the twenty-first of Christian Missions and the History of annual General Bible Conference, held at Stony Brook, L. 1., of which he was Religion at Princeton Theological Semi- one of the founders.

nary on October 1. Dr. Zwemer spent NEW BOOKS over 30 years in Egypt and Arabia, has The Bible in My Everyday Life. Eugene written a score of books on Mohamme- Franklin Reese. 432 pp. $2.85. Sys- tem Bible Co. Chicago. danism, and is the editor of The Moslem Bhaskar and His Friends. Clara G. La- World and the founder of the American boree. 110 pp. 75c pa~er, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Christian Literature Society for Mos- A Century Of Anglo-Catholioism. Herbert lems. Leslie Stewart. 404 pp. $4.75. Ox- ford University Press. New York. RABINDRANATH* TA'"GO'R" E expects to ar- rive in the United States for his brief lecture tour during October. His tour will be entirely under the direction of the Service Committee of the Friends.

* THE REV. WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D., Foreign Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, reached the age limit for Board officers September first and became Secretary Emeritus. He has served the Board with marked wisdom and efficiency for 23 years.

*** THE REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D., rounds out this year twenty-five years of service as Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church.

OBITUARY THE REV. JACOB SPEICHER, for thirtysix years a missionary in China for the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, died July 17, at Swatow, China, of typhoid fever. His widow and children are in Swatow.

Children of the Sea and Sun. Mabel Gar- "Aayl" Glimpses of Rosalie Harley. A. rett Wagner. 122 pp. 75c paper, $1 Donald Miller. 45 pp. 50c. Mission cloth. Friendship Press. New York. to Lepers. London. 1930.

Daily Bible Memory Verses. Gertrude African Horizons. John Cudahy. 159 pp. Wales. 52 pp. 75c. Revell. New $3. Duffield. New York. 1930. York. China's Crucillxion. Putnam Weale. 401 India in Bondage. Jabez T. Sunderland. pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. 1930.

Pioneering on Social Frontiers. Graham Chapters in Church History. John W. Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University of Wayland. 154 pp. $1.50. Revell. Chicago Press. Chicago. New York. 1930.

The Passion Play of Oberammergau. Janet Death Valley. Bourke Lee. 210 pp. $4. H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. Macmillan. New York. 1930. New York. Gott und Die Voelker. Dr. Martin Shlunk. Porto Rican Neighbors. Charles W. St. M3.50. Furche Pub. House. Berlin. John. 98 pp. $1. Friendship Press. New York. ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….

The Star of India. Isabel Brown Rose. Are You Sick? 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Are You Discouraged?

Sugar Is Sweet. Dorothy McConnell. 75c Are You Financially paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. Distressed? New York. YOU NEED West Indian Treasures. Winifred Hul- bert. 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship GOD and MAN Press. New York.

Africa's Dome of, Mystery. Eva Stuart- Watt. Ill. 214 pp. lOs. 6d. Marshall Mortan & Scott. London. 1930.

Annual Report-Board of Foreign Mis- sions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 316 pp. New York. 1930.

ANNUITY A Devotional Manual for Daily Use AGREEMENTS By BLAIR SCOTT Are being issued in large numbers every year … It reveals to you the spiritual law of God• to former annuitants and new friends because ….under which the Master met and overcame The plan is simple all beliefs of the flesh and particularly those of SUPPLY AND HEALTH. It is easily understood (Pages 22,23.24) It has proven uniformly satisfactory For Bible References, recording God's available It is recognized as being financially sound SPIR'lTUAL SUPPL.Y, UNLIMITED SUPPLY AND CONTINUED SUPPLY. It avoids aU loss during hard times (Pages 121-13d It enables a person to make a gift to mis- For Bible References, bestowing Christ's HEAL- sions and at the same time guarantee ING POWER ON ALL WHO BELIEVE. themselves an income for life. (Pages III~1I3) For further in/ormation write: Whatever your problem-. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis- THIS BOOK sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.• or By the Grandson of Walter Scott MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer. Board of For- Unveils your God.given heritage of Dominion eign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Limp, Round Corners, $1.50 ORDER BLANK —-, SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELT ER, or FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY. 158 Fifth Avenue, New York.

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