The Missionary Review of the World — July 1923

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CONTENTS FOR JULY, 1923 Page COVER .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' '" . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . IN TR.AININa–FATHER AND SON FRONTISPIECE ……. . …………. BRINGING Boys INTO TOUCH WITH GOD EDITORIALS ………………………………………………….. 5111 AMERICAN Boys AND GIRLS WORLD' WIDE SUNDAy,SCHOOL PROGRESS YOUTH MOVEMENTS IN EUROPE AND RAISING DENOMINATIONAL STANDARDS A CAMPAIGN FOR AMERICAN YOUTH AMERICA YOUTH AND SOME OF ITS PERILS " …………………. OWEN R. LOVEJOY 509 HOME MISSIONS AND THE CHILD …………………….. JAY S. STOWELL 511 NEGLECTED, CHILDREN OF MIGRANT WORKERS ………. SAR.A A. BROWN 515 NEGLEOTED OHILDREN OF THE CITY ……………… KENNE!I'H D. MILLER 521 OVERCOMING HANDICAPS ON THE FRONT'IERS …… W. KNIGHTON BLOOM 525 RESCUING MEXioAN CHILDREN IN THE SOUTHWEST .. VERNON M. MCCoMRS 529 HOME TRAINING AS CITIZENSHIP INSURANCE …. WILLIAM BYRON FORBUSH 533 SCOUTING AND CAMP FIRE WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RAY O. WYLAND 536 WHAT ONE CHURCH IS DOING ………………… ARTHUR Hli-.NIW LIMOUZE 541 WHY BURNS GAVE UP BUSINESS ………………. ,' ……… COE HAYNE 544 OVERCOMING SPIRITUAL ILLITERACY ………… WALTER ALBION SQUIRES 548 RESULTS OF RELIGIOUS WORK FOR THE yOUNG…….. HERBERT W. GATES 553 EDUCATION-RELIGIOUS va. CHRISTIAN .. . HAROLD McA. RORINSON 556 BEST METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY Mas. E. C. CRONK 559 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULL.ETIN '" … EDITED RY FLO~ENCE E. QUINLAN 566 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. , …. '…… '…… , …….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY Mas. H. W. PEABODY AND COMMITTEE 569 NEWS FE·OM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 572 MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………… " …… ,", …… ," .. ,.,', ……. ,',. 587 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1923, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

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BRINGlNG CITY WAH'S INTO TOUCH WITH GOD A Young Men's Cbristian AssocJatlon Service on Sunday Morning jn a Fresh Air Camp Near New York VOL. JULY, 1923 NUMBER XLVI SEVEN AM:EmICAN BOYS AND GIRLS I T is estimated that fifty million youth hI the United States are under twenty-one years of age. That means that there are fifty million young people, still in the formative period, whose future is yet to be determined by the education they receive and the influences that surround them. They are to make up the coming state, the future social and industrial forces, and the Church that is to be! Or, they may make up the criminal classes, the paupers, the mental and physical weaklings and the atheists that will menace the Church and State of the coming generations.

It is possible to count the units that compose the population but who can determine the power for good or evil that lies bound up in even one boy or a girl f It was with a great depth of meaning that Jesus said: "Suffer the little children, and forbid them not to come unto Me, for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven." Not only is the childlike, teachable spirit necessary in order that we may be disciples of Christ, but in the child we see potentially the coming man and woman. Yet how many of these boys and girls are allowed to grow up like weeds, sometimes with their bodies neglected, more often with their minds untrained and most frequently with their immortal souls stunted and starved! Many a man pays more attention to the cultivation of his strawberries than of his children; many give more time and thought to the raising of fine hogs, horses or cows than to the raising of ideal boys and girls. Good parentage, proper food, suitable clothing, reglllar exercise and wholesome habits are necessary for healthy bodies. But how much more important are right spiritual parentage, good mental and spiritual food, high ideals, and the development of character and moral strength and ambition for eternal welfare and for sacrificial service!

For these reasons, it is especially fitting that the churches of America are to take up this year, as the subject for their home mission study, "Saving America Through Her Girls and Boys.' , We 501

have, therefore, devoted the present number of the REVIEW to this subject and have secured articles from a large number of experts who have had experience in training American youth. Probably two or three hundred thousand American Christians will be studying the subject this coming year. Good results should follow. Noone, who has noted the many dangers that threaten our young people and the evils that are rife today, can question the need for -a careful study of conditions and causes and an application of adequate remedies. While we cannot hope to save America by boys and girls alone, America and the world must be saved by lfcwing the youth and train- ing them to know, love and obey God as revealed in Jesus Ohrist.

The forces that may be counted on to save and train the coming generation are, first of all, the Ohristian home–one ,in which both parents, by teaching and example, train their children in the way they should go. Second comes the Ohristian school, not sectarian, but one that gives mental training, develops character and prepares for life by teaching obedience to the laws of God, loyalty to the spirit and standards of Christ, and service to mankind. Third, we must have the training of the truly Christian Ohurch. This, in the Sunday-school and other organizations, lVill not supplant but mu'st supplement the home and the state school. It is before the age of twenty that 80 per cent of conversions to Ohrist are recorded, and that lives are made or marred. The Sunday-schools are not a failure but they have not accomplished all they should. Most of the great Ohristian statesmen, educators, industrial leaders and other human forces for righteousness (men and women) acknowledge their great debt to their Sunday-school training. Now is the time to per- fect this arm of the Church.

The time for" splendid isolation" is past. America must take her part in international affairs. The world cannot remain half slave and half free, half "wet" and half "dry;" half militaristic and half altruistic, half materialistic and half theistic; or part Christian and part anti-Christian. In America must be trained coming ambas- sadors of state, business and Church; and from America must go members of the present generation of boys and girls to heal, teach and preach the Gospel of Christ to their brothers and sisters in other lands.

Jesus Ohrist put the child "in the midst." He loved the chil- dren and blessed them. He set them free from the bondage of superstition and ignorance. It is the teaching of Christ' that has transformed the pagan or Moslem home; that has established schools in Africa and Asia; that has rescued the sick and crippled and starving children of Russia and Armenia. Saving the boys and girls, we work out our, own salvation as God works in us to will and to do of His good pleasure.

EDITORrAL COMMENT

YOUTH MOVEMENTS IN EUROPE AND AMERICA SOMEONE has said that the trouble in many homes is "not that . there is no control in the home but that the children are in control. " Whether it is because the adults have failed to rule well in home and state, or because there has developed a general spirit of lawlessness, it is true that today, as a rule, youth is in the saddle or rather his hand is on the steering wheel and his foot on the gas. The brakes are only used as a last resort-often after the accident has occurred.

In Europe, a widespread "Youth ~rovement" has sprung up. Recently the Student Forum Movement has spread to America and is endeavoring to win recruits in American colleges. The causes may be said to be twofold. First, a dissatisfaction with present conditions in industry and politics, and second, a consciousness of power and a desire to steer the ships of commerce and of state. The war set loose tremendous forces that had been gaining power for years. The young Turkey party, the young China movement, the revolutionary forces in Russia, Persia, India, Japan, Korea, Egypt and Latin America are all signs of young life and most of these movements are protests against ancient evils. Youth has grasped the steering wheel in order to choose a new and better course. If a wreck does not result because of the struggle, the lack of experience and headlong speed, then better progress may result. The great danger is that the new forces in control are too prone to disregard the lessons of the past, ar.ld neglect to look to God for guidance.

Communism, socialism, radicalism, unionism, bolshevism, internationalism of all sorts and degrees are seeking to enlist the youth and to train them in materialistic socialism without regard to God or His Way of Life. The leaders aim at pacifism-after they are in control; they teach brotherhood–among all who cooperate with them; they frequently advocate principles that would destroy the home, do away with private property rights, and ignore the Church of Christ.

This year, representatives of the European Youth Movement, which had its rise in Germany, have been visiting American colleges, under the auspices of the National Student Forum Movement which daims 250,000 adherents. The purpose of the visit is declared by its sponsors to be the interpretation of Europe to America and the advocacy of higher ideals in social, industrial and political life. By v its opponents, the leaders are said to be advocates of a false freedom and general dissatisfaction with modern industrial conditions. In different places, the Movement takes on political, economic or religious forms of revolt against existing conditions. In many instances, this revolt has taken the form of student strikes against professors or in favor of student control. In the University of

Havana, for instance, 2,000 students endeavored thus to seeure stu- dent representation on all governing organizations. In China and India student revolts have been numerous and in America they have .. not been unknown. At times they may be justified and based on a desire for truth and righteousnesR hut they are a sign of the times and are fraught with danger. In Germany the Youth Movement has in some instances heen coupled with a retnm to primitive simplicity in clothing (or lack of it) and in loose sex relationships. Mr. Bruno Lasker, writing in the S1l"vet/ on the Youth Movement in Germany, ·speaks of it as "one continuons joy ride ….. introducing new and stimUlating elements, one of which is the cult of uakedness and the belief in the healing power of sunlight ….. The promiscuous mixing up of the sexes, sans clothes, led to trouble.' '"

The "Youth Movement" should not be charged with all the faults of individuals, as it is not an organized institution but, like other revolutions, has its weaknesses and its dangers. There is dan- ger that they will follow in the way of Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, who refused to follow the advice of the elder statesmen and chose as his counsellors the headstrong youth of his own age. The leaders of the Youth Movement lack knowledge and experience but are striving after ideals. They need the friendly sympathy and council of older and saner heads and, ahove all, they need the steadying influence of faith in God and loyalty to .Jeslls Christ. It is not by public and general denunciation that the evils will be remedied and the leaders be brought to their senses, but the youth of today must be faithfully '. trained in home, school and Church to take a sane Christian view of the basic principles of character, of man's responsibility to God and of his debt to his fellowmen.

RAISING DENOMINATIONAL STANDARDS NATURALLY, with the changing ideals, new forms of expres- sion, and growth of knowledge and experienee, the standards and convictions of former years must be brought to the bar of the judgme1).t of the present generation. This is true in science and history, politics and ethics, and it is true in religion. Christians acknowledge only one perfect divine revelation of truth in regard to God and His relation to man-namely that received through .Jesus Christ. They believe that other religions are, at best, human searchings after God and the Way of Life.

Even among Christians, however, there are decided differences of opinion as to the true view of God, the way of salvation and the authority of the sacred Scriptures. On these fundamental ques. tions members of Christian churches, Protestants and Roman 'See article by Bruno Lasker in The SU,.,leY Graph-Ie (March, 1923); also a pamphlet by Ralph M. Easley on "The Youth Movement," published by the Nationa1 Civic Jt~cderation. 1 Madison Avenue, New York. 25 cents a copy.

EDI'l'ORIAL COMMENT

Greek Catholics and Oriental churches, hold many and diverse views.

Most of the Christian articles of faith were written centuries ago and men's thoughts have changed with the times, though truth and God have not changed.

The great national denominational Assemblies recently held in America have found it difficult to maintain unity and harmony iii view of the conflict of convctions as to the final authority in matters of faith and practice. '

The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (North), which represents the highest human court of ecclesiastical authority for nearly two million Christians in the United States, again put itself on record (at its annual gathering in Indianapolis) as holding firmly to the authority of the Bible and as requiring its ministers and mis- sionaries to remain true to the doctrines of the Church. In spite of some strong opposition, the Assembly voted, in answer to an overture presented by the Philadelphia Presbytery, that the teaching and preaching in its pulpits must "conform to the system of doctrines taught in the Confession of Faith ….. "

The General Assembly also called the attention of Presbyteries to the deliverance of the General Assembly of ]910, which deliverance it reaffirmed and which is as follows: "1. It is an essential doctrine of the Word of God and our standards that the Holy Spirit did so inspire, guide and move the writers of Holy Scripture as to ,keep them from error. "2. It is an essential doctrine of the Yord of God and our standards that our Lord Jesus Christ was born of the Virgin Mary. "3. It is an essential doctrine of the Yord of God and our standards that Christ offered up himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice and to reconcile us to God. "4. It is an essential doctrine of the -Word of C'n>d and of our standards concerning our Lord Jesus Christ that on the third day He rose again from the dead with the same body with which He suffered, with which also He ascended into Heaven, and there sitteth at the right hand of His Father, making intercession.

"5. It is an essential doctrine of the Word of God as the supreme standard of our faith that our L'ord Jesus showed His power and love by working mighty miracles. This working was not contrary to nature, but superior to it. "

This is a clear and emphatic statement of some of the beliefs that the Presbyterian Church holds to be essential, not all of them essential to personal salvation, but each of them deemed an integral part of the truth of God as revealed through Christ and His apostles, as interpreted by the Presbyterian Church. It remains to be seen whether those who have opposed these conservative views and who have been expressing a desire for loyalty and unity in the Church will accept this declaration of the General Assembly as binding and will avoid teaching or preaching beliefs not in harmony with it.

The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (South), in its May meeting held in Montreat, North Carolina, was quite as

emphatic as the Northern Assembly in upholding the system of doc- trine expressed in the Confession of Faith, but the question was not brought to a vote. The Foreign Mission Secretaries declared that, on investigation, they had found their missionaries "orthodox" and in full accord with the standards of their Church. This Assembly rejected the advances made by the Northern Church Assembly looking toward organic union of the two communions. They expressed a desire to continue cooperation and fellowship through the General Council of Presbyterian and Reformed Churches and voted to con- tinue cooperation through the Federal Council of Churches.

The Northern Baptist Convention, in Atlantic City, avoided the recurrence of doctrinal controversy which divided their Convention recently. After an attempt had been made early in the session to bar "liberal" or "modernist" views and speakers, several of the leading conservatives withdrew from the field. '}'he President of the Convention, Dr. F. E. Taylor, declared that his investigation had convinced him of the orthodoxy of Baptist missionaries, colleges and seminaries. ,An amendment to the constitution was passed providing that "any Baptist church in the United States may appoint one delegate and one additional delegate for every one hundred members, provided that the church, during the preceding year, shall have cooperated in the financial support of the work of at least one of the cooperating organizations of the Northern Baptist Convention." This resolution will prevent non-contributing churches from voting in the annual Convention. It was voted to leave with the Church boards the decision as to the acceptance of certain large gifts to which conservative doctrinal conditions were attached, and donors were advised to trust the loyalty and integrity of the denominational boards. There is a possibility that Baptist" Fundamentalists" will launch a campaign to support separate missionary and educational agencies.

The question is becoming more and more insistant as to whether loyalty to Christ involves first of all, loyalty to His teachings as presented in the New rrestament, or whether we must put first the manifestation of brotherly love among professed followers of Christ. These two should not conflict but a difference of convic-' tion has divided Christians into separate camps.

These are days when denominational standards are being tested. Followers of Christ are in danger of being divided because they do not agree on what is the true test of loyalty. The tests set up by .Tesus Christ Himself are "to believe on Him whom He (God) has sent," "to do the works of God," to take up the cross and follow Christ, to love one another as Christ has loved us and to abide in Him. It is not important to follow any man-made standard but it is of supreme importance to bring our human standards up to the standard of .Tesus Christ. God's truth is eternal and must prevail; it is not necessary that we attempt to defend it but it is all important that

EDITORIAL COMMENT

we know it and follow it as revealed by Christ. Faith in God includes faith in His victory over all opposition.

WORLD-WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL PROGRESS T HE World's Sunday School Association which is to hold its next worId convention in Glasgow, Scotland, next year (June 18-26, 1924) has secretaries. and field-workers in North and South America, Egypt, Syria and Palestine, the Philippines, Korea, .Japan, China, India and Ceylon. The affiliated Associations have representatives also in South Africa, New Zealand and Burma. The WorId Sunday School statistics for 1920 were as' follows: Sunilay Officers Schools Grand Divisions anil Teaohers Pupils Total 155,944 North America ………………. . 167 1,697,520 17,065,061 18,762,581 Central America …………….. . 13,667 South America …… , ….. "." .. . 3,246 .606 13,061 West Indies …….. ,', …….. , .. 1,617 162,344 Europe …………………….. . 68,189 16,203 146,141 137,390 Asia ………………………. . 32,8.54 8,623,629 Africa ……………………. '" 10,015 8,953 128,437 1,379,860 Malaysia …………………… . 706,225 Oceania …………………… .. 538 680,189 7,943,440 15,676 14,856 495,159 65,704 1,314,156 46,007 660,218 307 15,369 71,336 423,823 Grand Totals ………………… 287,426 2,586,825 27,709,706 30,296,531 The totals given at the time of the Zurich Convention in 1913 were 29,848,041. In spite of the great loss incident to the war years the present figures show a decidea increase except in Europe and Oceania. Notable gains have been made in Central and South Amer- ica, Asia and Africa. The increase in North America was more than 2,000,000. The statistics which are to be reported at the Glasgow Convention are being gathered.

No one can estimate the extent of the influence of the Sunday- schools in the past. In them most of the Christian leaders of today were taught and in them millions have first confessed their faith in Christ. Europe must be reconstructed by rightly training its children and youth and every other land must be built up through the same means-for peace, brotherliness, godliness and Christian service.

Reports from Europe show new and increasing interest in the work of the evangelical Sunday-schools. In Hungary, public schools are offered freely for this purpose and in Budapest they are filled at every session. In Czecho-Slovakia, simHar interest is reported and the great need is for Bibles and teachers. The French evan- , gelicals have a special Sunday School Secretary who is soon to visit America to study modern methods and literature. Spain has just had the first National Sunday School Convention and Portugal re- ports well organized work and many children in attendance.

From Egypt, the field secretary, Sheikh Metry Dewairy, has translated thirty Christian books into Arabic, nine of them for Sun- day-school workers, and the work is growing rapidly.

Sunday-schools are being conducted among the Armenian refugees and in Erivan, recently, in one session there were present 587 pupils under 14 years old and a second session was held for 250 more. They memorize many passages of the Scriptures. There is hope that before long evangelical Sunday-school work may be started in Russia.

In Ohina, Japan, Korea, India and the Philippines the work is progressing steadily, with special emphasis on the training of native Ohristian Bible teachers and the production of more adequate Sunday-school helps, In South America, Argentina has had its second National Suuday School Oonvention in Buenos Aires and over 400 were present.

It is fitting that the home mission studies for the year will be on "Saving America Through Her Boys and Girls." It is of supreme importance that boys and girls be won to Christ for their own sake and for the sake of their country, but it also must be borne in mind that boys and girls who are not interested in Ohrist's program for the world are not truly educated and that His program includes the saving of the boys and girls of all nations and training them for godly life and service.

A OAMPAIGN FOR AMERIOAN YOUTH T HE conferences recently conducted by Dr. John R. Mott, coop- erating with the City General Secretaries' Commission on Re- ligious Work, took the form of a continent-wide evangelistic campaign among boys and young men. Dr. Matt's main theme in his 170 addresses was "The Living Ohrist," and over 1,200 young men and boys, scattered over 34 states, pledged themselves to study the life of Ohrist. Over 2,000 Association members accepted definite service tasks. Christian laymen and special groups had nearly 6,000 attendants. Dr. Mott reported that in all the years of his connection with the Association he had never before had such a wide exposure to the boyhood and young manhood of the nation. Dr. Matt sounded the Summons to men and boys to confront the Living Ohrist and to go out and call on other men and boys to stand before Ohrist that He might make His own impression. The note of service was always emphasized with the duty of augmenting Ohristian leadership.

The results of this continent-wide campaign should prove of great .• value not only to the Associations, but to the Ohristian forces of the communities. Pastors have seen the work in new relations, and closer cooperation will now be possible. This tour revealed a rising tide of interest in the religious work of the Associations, expressing itself in the fact that the secretaries and directors are putting a definite em- phasis on the religious character of all their work, as well as stressing special religious activities, and that young men and boys are respond- ing as never before to the spiritual appeal.

and Some of Its

BY OWEN R. LOVEJOY, NEW YORK General Secretary· of the National Ohild Labor Committ~.e " T AY not your hand on the child to his hurt." This command- L ment to Israel implies the place every child should hold in the life of the family and the community. In him transmitted qualities once awakened give the aspirations and ideals of his people's realization. Recognition of this gives childhood its sacredness and beauty-and its dignity.

Tomorrow the family life of the nation will depend upon him, the world of affairs will lay claim to him, the nation itself may call upon him, and the temple shrine will lack inspiration if he be lacking in veneration and faith. .our hopes for childhood may be hope deferred. In the rush and whir of our modern days, in our eager quest of gain, in insatiable ambition which threatens to consume us-the voice of childhood falls upon ears deafened by the roar of a factory-made civilization..

The child is too often the slave of an autocrat in the family. In the family he has no voice; no independence. Our school standardizes and turns him out in wearisome pattern; industry presses him into a mould by means of monotonous tasks; the state makes for conformity and servile obedience; religion holds out an angelic future for a life of blind acceptance.

Once we begin to understand that the human mind is quite as important as the hand-that a hnrt to the former is a wound as grievous as amputation to the latter; once it is borne in upon us that education should be something as big as life itself-in fact that it should be life; that governments are created by people living among them and that God asks for conrageous love of His Creation-we shall then open to youth the way toward noble living.

The perils to youth lie without his circle-more than within it. Adults who impose their own thoughts on institutions, and their worn ont interpretations of life, may be his greatest peril. The youth sees through and hates hypocrisy and weak complacency. Youth characteristically is aflame with earnestness. He is the rebel-the eager questioner. He loves life and the people in it. And he loves God because he sees God in beauty and bows before Him in adolescent purity-in the spontaneous love that gives us hope for the future. So in a family life enriched by the presence of childhood; in an education not for life but an education which is life; a political faith which proclaims firm belief in people; an industrial life which recognizes fully and completely the human factor which its harshness co:qtinually threatens, an~_ a religion which seeks the Kingdom of -a Goll and His righteousness and feels God presence in all things- in these directions lie the paths to a better world.

509

The Program of Association Work with 8~s in the United State8 was planned- By courtesy of tile A8800lat'/m Pre…

Missions and the

BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, NEW YORK CITY Author of "The Child and America's Future," etc.

T HE discovery of the relics of Tut-Ankh-Amen is helping us to reconstruct the social life of three thousand years ago. Pos- sibly in the year 4900 A. D. an archmologist yet to be born will unearth a nineteenth century home mission church. If so, his deduc- tions might be somewhat as follows: "Four walls, a roof and a floor~evidently a protection against the weather. Cheap construction~apparently built hastily and at lowest possible cost. One room, fixed seats, prominent platform desk -without doubt a community building where people came to listen to addresses of some sort. No seats for children-clearly an adult insti- tution. No extra rooms-functions limited to one type. No educa- tional equipment-evidently no educational program. No gymnasium or place to play-further proof that the building was not intended for children and that a recreation program was not included."

This characterization could readily apply to tens of thousands of home mission churches which were erected all over America during the nineteenth century, and which dot the horizon from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada to the Mexican border. There they stand with the accumulated infirmities of the decades which have passed. Often innocent of paint, with windows gone and loosened weatherboards swaying in the breeze, they serve to remind us of the distance which we have traveled and to bring back to our attention a worthy past to which we would not care to return.

The money spent in erecting those churches was not wastedfar from it. They have paid for themselves over and over again. Rarely has an investment of similar size yielded us so large a return. It does not dishonor the past when we say that those churches are no longer adequate to our needs and are no longer representative of our program.

The home mission church of the twentieth century is of a different type. Instead of one room it contains two, three, five, seven, ten-yes, sometimes thirty or forty rooms. One such building often costs as much as fifty or a hundred home mission churches of the past. These new churches contain department rooms for graded work, class rooms, club rooms, cafeterias, game rooms, assembly halls, gymnasiums, clinics, rest rooms for farmers' wives, dormitory rooms, and even swimming pools. They are equipped with a variety of furniture, tools and educational materials which make them seem very unlike anything which the past has produced. The twentieth century home mission church must meet many demands never made upon the home mission churches of an earlier period.

511

A PRIMITIVE PIONEER NINETEENTH CENTURY CHURCH IN'RVRAL OKLAHOMA Why all the change? The answer is not hard to find-home missions has discovered the child, and, in attempting to minister to his needs, the necessity for new types of buildings and new equipment has beeome insistent.

The same forces which have been at work in the creation of new buildings have also been drawing out and developing a new type of home mission worker. 'I'he preacher himself has changed. New ideas are stirring within him. Training institutes and contact with new programs have enlat'ged his vision. He preaches the old O-ospel in many new ways. He understands better than did his predecessors what it means to be "workers together with Ood." And he does not stand alone. By his side are other workers with varied abilities, varied training and specialized responsibilities. The home mission pastor, who was formerly the parish pack-horse, now may have a staff ranging from two upward to eight, ten, twenty, yes, one borne mission church, at least, has fifty people on its regularly paid staff. 'l'hese helpers in home mission fields are consecrated, college and university trained young men and young women; they are devoted individuals who have caught a vision of need and have felt the call to Ohristian service.

The natural accompaniment of new buildings and a new leadership has been a new home mission program. In fact it has been the' demands of a new program which have brought ' the new buildings into existence and called forth the new workers. A schedule which included services on Sunday and a mid-week gathering has been ex-

HOME MISSIONS AND THE CHILD

tended until it is in truth a "seven-day-a-week" schedule. The fires in the new home mission church are never allowed to go out in winter and the doors are never closed during the waking hours of the summer. The emphasis of the new program is upon education. Specialized leadership is remaking the church school. Daily Vacation Bible Schools are becoming characteristic, rather than exceptional, in the home mission program. Week-day religious instruction is developing. Already our home mission boards have become our greatest national agencies for religious education. Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, Girl Scouts, and scores of other groups of young people are A MODERN TWIlmTIETH CENTURY CHURCR IN RURAL OKLAHOMA organized for educational and character building purposes. Basketball teams, sewing classes, cooking classes, hikes and social functions are all connected up with the program of the home mission church for bringing in the Kingdom of God in the local community.

All of this is, of course, but the expression of the new spirit and the new ideals which are permeating the entire work. The home mission program of the present is fundamentally and increasingly an educational program. As such it centers about the child. That does not mean that adult life is neglected. Never was the program for adults so effective in our home mission churches as it is today. In some cases, particularly among foreign-speaking groups, the children can be reached only through the adult members of the family; but there is a growing recognition of the fact that the home mission success of the future must be built out of the young lives of our local :a communities. The home mission church of the twentieth century is essentially and pre-eminently an educational institution, and the edu- cational emphasis seems likely to increase rather than decrease.

Through the employment of trained nurses, home visitation, mothers' classes, clinics for children, noon-day lunches for school pupils, milk stations, the supplying of free milk, and in other ways we are making a place for the child in the program of the Church of Him who said, "Suffer the little children to come unto me and forbid them not for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven." The list of welfare activities carried on in the new home mission plant is very long, and this is as it should be. So long as Mexican babies are dying at a rate three times greater than that of white babies in the same community the question of the relative value of beans and milk in the baby's diet will continue to be a home mission question. Tliis work must not, however, keep us from giving first attention to our major assignment, that of building the Kingdom of God through educational processes, through the lives of the youth in home mission communities.

Naturally the dawn of the new day has been somewhat slower in rural fields, but the day is actually dawning, even there. The large task of remodeling or building our rural churches to meet the needs of a new day is under way. New ideas, spread through summer schools for rural pastors and through other agencies, are creating a new program of rural church work. Rural directors of religious education with responsibility for groups of churches are being employed. Both the Daily Vacation Bible School and the plan of week-day religious education are spreading rapidly into the country and prove to be well adapted to the needs there found.

Yes, the new day has arrived, or is rapidly arriving-the day of the child in home missions. The dawn has been appearing gradually for some time, but now, like the sunrise which Browning describes, it is breaking bonds and millions of neglected American youth in our cities and our rural regions will have occasion to thank God for it. No other agency is so strategically located to meet the needs of the girls and boys in our most neglected communities as is the home mission church. If that fails-but it m7~st not fail.

Home Missions has a new task. It is a far bigger and more costly task than it has ever had the courage to face before, but it is one within our ability to master. It is insistently demanding skilled and devoted men and· women and very many consecrated dollars. Any community in the United States worthy of the services of a public school teacher is also worthy of the service of a trained and skilled teacher of religion, be that community in our congested city centers, or on our sparsely populated frontiers. Some day, when our vision has enlarged, we shall find our resources equal to the needs. It will indeed be fortunate for America's tomorrow if the demands can be met with reasonable promptness.

"),ITTLE MOTHERS" OF MIGRANT WORKERS'

Neglected Children of Migrant Workers BY SARA A. BROWN National Child Labor Committee, New York T ARGE armies of boys and girls, witb tbeir parents, migrate Lannually to the open country to do hand work in specified farm crops, in truck gardens and small fruit areas, without regula- tion as to age, daily working hours, kind of labor required, its conflict with their attendance upon school, and other factors affecting their development. These children do not belong to the "tramp family" well known to social workers, nor the "crop follower,"

11111

leading a nO,madic life with little or no desire for a p,}rmanent home. They belong to the high-type laborer family, unafraid of adventure, unafraid of hard toil or of life in the open.

East, west, mid-west, north, and south they are to be found in all parts of the United States. Two widely different groups furnish illustration of what in general seems to be the experience of all. They are the children of native born parents who migrated from rural and urban districts in 1922 to the "onion-marshes" of Ohio; and children of foreign born parents ~-ho, during the same season, migrated largely from urban centers, to the "sugar-beet nelds" of Michigan. Who are they1 How old ~ Why do they migrate! How THII )[AN AND illS W'IJ'III AND BIIIR COUSIN ALL LIVII IN TiIlIl AUTO long do they stay' What of their work and their life in the neighborhood 1 Are they deprived of essentials for proper development, and where does responsibility rest?

The children are largely American born. In crops depending almost exclusively on contract labor recruitild from immigrant sections of large cities, the children are predominately American born. In 274 contract beet-laborer families there are 1,300 children living at home, of whom 1,116, or 86 per cent, are native born. Of their fathers, only 17, or 6 per cent, are native born, while the foreign born fathers represent a dozen or more nationalities. In the onion group, there are 276 children, of whom 172, or more than 62 per cent, are natives of Ohio, and 104, or more than 37 per cent, largely natives of Kentucky, while their parents are all native born.

Parents take children of all ages to the country, though the largest number are from nve to sixteen and most of them work. Little"tots"

NEGLECTED CHILDREN OF MIGRANT WORKERS

under five go with their mothers into the fields or remain at the house in charge of another child acting as "little mother."

'The major reason families migrate to the open country is work: work with its contribution to the family income; work without restriction for all members of the household, young and small, old and large. Unhesitatingly fathers say they would not go without the children to do the work: "In the city jes' me and the woman works, chillins' go to school; in the country chillins' work too, more money, go to school jes' after work." Mothers after many years as migrants frequently say, "Me no more come to fields mit the kids when' they is big enough to work in the eity. " The NO CllANCID FOR FAMILY CULTURE–INSIDID A HOME OF MIGRANT WORKIDRS work children may do in factories and mills is regulated by school and child-labor laws, not so for children of migrant workers.

However, the factory has made its way into the open country and industrialized agric~tlture is reproducing factory condi.tions involving child workers in large numbers. The" onion marshes" and "beet fields" are but examples of many industries operating in the open country, each in a slightly different way depending upon children to do much of the hand work in the production of the crop. "The beet farms are huge factories without roof or walls, but factories nevertheless. The crop and its finished product are in the hands of comparatively few men and they have organized its production and distribution on a factory basis."

As soon as the work is done in the fall, the family is ready to move again, usually at the end of five or six months. About twentyfive per cent stay in the country. They come to the fields and

marshes early in the spring, often six weeks or more before tht:ly begin work. Families of 199 contract beet laborers, who migrated from nrban centers, arrived twenty-three days before they began work the first of JDJle. Many were still in the fields after the middle of November. They have been doing this year after year from five to ten years in succession. Movements of the "onion workers" are very much the same.

The hand-work done by children, generally, is weeding, hoeing, harvesting or gathering in the crop. It is estimated that a child topping beets handles on an average between two and three tons daily. As in other farm work during any season, the work-day is from "light to dark." For 276 children in the onions it ranges from ten to four hours, with more than half working ten hours or more.

The working days per week show 181 or more than two thirds worked six days; others five and one half to five days per week. Children of contract beet laborers work as high as fifteen hours a day during the three to six weeks pressure of "thinning" and "harvesting," though from eleven to twelve hours, average the season through.

Work goes on in all kinds of weather, in the hot sun, hot winds, dust storms, in rain, snow, cold winds, and freezing temperature. A family of six children from seven to fifteen years of age, and three adults (including the mother with a baby) worked 111 acres of beets. Allowing 37 acres for the adults, the chjldren earned two thirds of the $1,998.00 income for seven months of the year. A father with one worker, a girl 16, said "with the three little kids we work 40 acres; 18 is 'ge-nuf' wit~out 'em." The three were seven, ten, and twelve and earned more than half the family income for seven months of the year.

. The matter of suitable living quarters is always difficult. Every available shelter is used, good farm houses, others long since discarded, barns, garages, shanties, shacks and "company houses." Many have one room, others have two, three or four. Many are unpainted and unkempt, with leaking roofs; more than half without screened doors; nearly two thirds without screened windows; more than two fifths without water at the same place as the house; nearly two thirds without garden space enough to supply the n;tajor part of the family living including vegetables.

Overcrowding is common. "Shacks for the housing of onion laborers and families are in most instances unfit for human habitation." For example: three families lived in one garage; fifteen families of fifty persons, in five houses with only thirteen rooms used for sleeping; thirty-two families of one hundred and thirty-six persons living in sixteen houses with sixty-four rooms, thirty-six rooms used for sleeping.

The contract beet laborer family, in most cases, fares somewhat

1923J NEGLEOTED OmLDREN OF MIGRANT WORKERS

better. For instance, ten persons lived in a garage; six, with two additional child helpers, in two rooms, "living" on 75 square feet floor space, sleeping on 120 square feet, with only one window 3×3 feet in each room and one outside door; SL,{ in a two-room shanty as the father said "fit only for pigs or chickens; in cities health laws would prosecute a man if he put a family in a house like that."

The most deadening influences are, however, found in the life of the family and the uncertain place it holds in the neighborhood. The family has no sense of belonging to the community-no interest, no responsibility, no part in its government. Residents of the com- HANDICAPPED-COUPLE WITH EIGHT CHILDREN LIVE IN A ONE-ROOM SHACK munity hold the migrant worker in scorn. He and his children are dubbed "hunkies," and the like. His position is menial. Nothing in the community belongs to him. A :fifteen-year-old girl for nine years migrating to the beet fields, begg'ed her father not to contract again for she said, "'iVhat chance have I ever to be anything but a 'beet hunkie'1 What else can I ever knowT What can I ever do but marry a 'beet hunkie' and be a 'hunkie' all my life1" Never, in the nine years, did the family have a neighborly neighbor.

Children fJf migrant workers are deprived of essentials for proper development: First, by being set apart from natural community associations of home, of church and school; by being cut off from participation in and responsibility for things pertaining to their own and their neighbors' welfare. It is little wonder that children and their parents develop bitter feelings of hatred; that many

believe every man's hand is against them, except for what he can get out of them.

Second, they are deprived of opportunity to attend school and of educational training. Those migrating from cities leave six or eight weeks before schools close in the spring and do not enter rural schools. The majority return eight or twelve weeks after schools open in the fall. At least seventy-five per cent do not attend rural schools at any time. This means each child misses four or five months of school every year. School attendance as affected by migration is not the matter ,of one or two years, for these families have been migrants an average of six years, many as long as twelve and fourteen. Irregular attendance, among other things, contributed to retardation. Of 913 nearly two thirds are retarded in their grade standing, and of 276 seven per cent never attended school in any place; while more than two thirds are in the fourth grade.

It is hard to determine where responsibility rests. Those who defend the working of children of migrant laborers, maintain that the industry deals with the parents under contract, and that he is free to move where and when he chooses. Without doubt, preference is given parents with large families of children, for the amount of work a family undertakes depends on the number of children who are big enough to help. Industries cannot justly remain indifferent to their responsibility for the system as it pertains to children, to conditions under which they are required to live and work, and to the part they take in producing the crop.

The school and work life conflict. This places upon the school in each locality where the children live a definite responsibility. Because they move twice a year or more between school districts, or even between states, as someone recently put it, "the business of schooling for migrant laborers' children is nobody's business."

Back of the family, the industry, the school, each community into which the migrant family moves is very definitely responsible for the family group: responsible fo1' its attitudes, the evaluation it places on life's experiences and relationships; its ideals for children, their education, their religious and moral training, their play, their work, their health. The community, in this sense, is not necessarily confined to the immediate neighborhood; it reaches fa r enough to embrace the nearest church of the family faith i far enough to eounteract attitudes of children who call ot.her children "hunkies"; far enough to reach the nearest person with qualities for leadership, with sympathetic and understanding mind for the migrant laborer family, its intricate and difficult family and social problems. In so far as the family fails for any reason whatsoever, it becomes the responsibility of each of us, the state, the nation, to secure to every migrant worker child in America a happy, healthy, educational childhood in his home, his neighborhood, his church, his school.

Children of the

BY REV. KENNETH D. MILLER, NEW YORK The Jan Hus Church and House, 347 East 74th Street I T is often 'difficult to tell which are more neglected-the children of the very rich or the children of the very poor. Thousands of parents with every advantage of wealth and education com- mit their children to the care of ignorant nurse maids, and later farm them out to boarding schools and summer camps for their train- ing, so that our little rich children are often far poorer in things that make for character and life than those who are born into abject physical poverty.

ANew York pastor who called in a home of wealth in New York was astonished to hear the mother say: "Oh, Mary goes to your Sunday-school, does she? I didn't know. I instructed the governess to select the most fashionable Sunday-school for her to attend!"

The most heinous sins against childhood are being committed by those who know better and could do better. It might be profitable to take some immigrant mothers "3Iumming" among some Amm'ican" society" folk in order to demonstrate to them how the other half lives and how children snould not be brought up.

If the children on the avenue are neglected, it is, in nine cases out of ten, the fanlt of selfish parents. ONE CLASS OF NEGLECTED CITY CHILDREN If the children of the crowded tenements are neglected, in nine cases out of ten it is attributable to unfavorable economic and social environment which the parents are powerless to change. To these innocent victims of our inhuman social system our sympathies go out. lt is over this multitude that the heart of Jesus yearns. Thes<e "little ones" He would have us save at all costs.

The very physical surroundings in these congested sections of our great cities operate against the children. With all of our "tene- 521

ment house reform," we still have tenement houses-dark, ill-smell- ing and unsanitary-and, as a result, we still have pale-faced boys and girls, whose cheeks never know the glow of health as long as they live in such houses. l!"'or thousands upon thousands of children, the street is still the only convenient playground, and there the auto- mobile is becoming daily a greater and greater menace to life and limb. Traffic regulations keep heavy trucks from the streets where the rich abide, and speeders are summarily arrested, whereas in the poorer sections of the city where tax valuations are low, heavy trucks and pleasure cars tear along a.t break-neck speed endangering precious human life. Let a child be run over on Fifth Avenue, and a squad of motorcycle policemen is. immediately put on special patrol duty. But children are run down on First Avenue with scarcely any notice from the police.

The recreation parks. in our great cities have proven a boon to the children of the poor, and higher wages have enabled more and more people of the working class to provide their children with an outing in tile country during the summer. But it is still possible for an East Side youngster on a ]"'resh Air expedition to gaze in wonder at a cow chewing her cud and to exclaim: "Where does she get all the gumt"

The "American home" calls to mind the picture of a detached single house with lawn and shade trees, and it is hard for many of us to realize that literally millions of children in America know such homes only through the" moyies. " The economic demands upon the time and energy of parents often prevent anything like a normal home life. Where both father and mother are away all day, the younger children must be left with the grandmother or a neighbor, or must shift for themselves. Even when the mother is home, she is so over-burdened with the care of a large family that she has little time or energy for that patient and loving attention to which every child has the right. In such homes the strange thing is not that some children go wrong, but rather that so many go right.

Most pitiful of all is the spiritual neglect of our children. Due to an old world conception of religion as a form and ceremony unrelated to life, or to the constant grind of the struggle for existence, there are few homes among the poorer working people where religion is taught to the children either by precept or practice. The effect of immigration has been to lead millions of people to discard religious faith and practice altogether, and, as a result, a larger proportion of the present generation of children are to all intents and purposes godless. Religious workers in our cities and industrial centers cannot take religious background or training for granted, but must start just as we would in a foreign missionary field. It is time that Ohristian leaders in the field of religious education realize this fact

NEGJJECTED CHILDREN OF THE CITY

GIVING THE CITY CHILDREN BETTER BODIES IN THE PLAYGROUNDS and provide a program and a curriculum designed to teach the A. B. C's of religion in all grades.

Neglected by their parents from force of circumstance, and care- Jessly neglected by city, state, society and the Churches, it is a cause for wonder ,that some of the best types of American manhood and womanhood come out of such unsatisfactory conditions. If the product is good, it is not due to our effort hut to their own; if it is bad we have only ourselves to blame.

In America we have depended too much upon the public school to remedy these evils and to care for the neglected children. But admirable as is its work in its own field, the public schools cannot take the place of the parents of whose society our economic order has deprived the child. No other person and no institution can fully supply this lack, but the Christian settlement house and the Church can do it better than any other institution.

The essence of Christian settlement work or church work is the personal touch upon the child. In our heartless city life, friendship, sympathy and love are greatly needed and the moral training, the comradeship, the loving understanding, the wise advice which so many parents are prevented from giving their children may be given by the Christian worker of the settlement house or church. That is his reason for existence, and he can have no other.

With all of our emphasis upon organization, budget, equipment

and program, it is well for us to remind ourselves that the- success or failure of church or settlement work depends upon the persons to whom it is committed and upon the nature of their personal interest in the children and their influence upon those to whom they minister. Many evils of our social order, which handicap and cripple child life, should be obviated by legislation; but the most flagrant evils, those which cripple and starve the hearts and souls of little children, can be abated only by consecrated personalities that lllcarnate the love of Christ for these little ones. Too much -of our religion is expressed by proxy instead of by. proximity. Often we seek to bring in the love of God by purse instead of by person. Children need to be loved, but one cannot love them satisfactorily at long distance. Love cannot be broadcasted from some spiritual sending station. It must be lived and expressed in vital heartwarming contacts with the boys and girls.

Thousands of young men and women all over America have learned this lesson and are giving of themselves to the boys and girls of the land. They are living witnesses to the power of Christian love and the joy of such service. In our Sunday-schools, clubs, classes, Daily Vacation Bible Schools and kindergartens, wherever you see children looking up in trust and affection into the face of their teacher, flocking around her, little tots holding tight to her hands, and older ones making her their confidant and adviser, you may be sure that these children, no matter what their home life may be, are not neglected. Their Heavenly Father, through His human representative, "careth for them."

SOME ORIENTAL CHILDREN IN AMERICA-IN TRAINING

TYl'II or IIOMII FOUND IN THII IalNTUCKY

Overcoming Handicaps on the Frontiers BY REV. W. KNIGHTON BLOOM, D.D., NEW YORK Extension Secretary of the Congregational Sunday School Extension Society ATERRIBLE blizzard was raging over the prairies of the great northwest. For thirty-six hours it continued in full force. In one of the rural districts seven miles from a little town on the railroad, two school children went home to dinner, a distance of a few rods only, and when they started back, blinded by the storm, they lost their way. The teacher thought that they had remained home and the parents were sure that their little ones were at the schoolhouse. Several hours later, the children were found, a mile and a half from home, badly frozen and unconscious. Happily, they recovered, but several others in different parts of the state were frozen to death. Over the telephones many anxious parents were enquiring: "Are the boys in 7" "Are the children safe 1" .

This is a pertinent question for us to ask concerning the moral and spiritual condition of our boys and girls of the American fron- tiers, among the mountaineers of the south and west, on the western prairies, and in other isolated districts. Large numbers of children are deprived of the normal opportunities that help to educate and prepare for Christian life and service. These frontier children, in still undeveloped districts, have a real claim upon those who are more fortunately si.tuated.

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These isolated districts I'epresent some of the unfinished business of the Church. The frontier line of great need and strong endeavor, with its tremendous opportunities, challenges the Church and calls for action. There are children eager for Christian instruction, but often there is no one to teach them who appreciates the place of the child in the eternal order of things.

In all history, there is no chapter more thrilling than that which tells the story of the onward march of missionary service on the part of those Christian workers who have laid foundations strong and sure. The service rendered has a romance that clings to it. Consecration has been matched only by opportunity. The magnifi- SERVING A CHURCHLESS COMMUNITY ON THE FRONTIER BY AUTOMOBILE cence of missionary zeal and sacrifice thrill us. 'l'hese messengers of Good Tidings, going forth on their mission and living with and for others, understand human needs, and have discovered the power that makes for permanent strength and for patient self-sacrificing service. With unswerving purpose these pioneers must lay Christian foundations and, therefore, they commence with the children. The Master's philosophy "not to be ministered unto, but to minister," has found a large place in the workers' lives and theirs is a wide and varied ministry, calling boys and girls to become all that they have the capacity to be. .Like David Livingstone, they say, "I will place no value on anything I have or may possess except in relation to the Kingdom of Ohrist." With Alice Freeman Palmer, they say, "I am trying to make girls wiser and happier. It is people that count. You want to put yourself into people; they touch other people; these touch others still; and 80 you go on living for ever."

OVERCOMING HANDICAPS ON THEE'RONTIERS

The greatness of the life of actual doing characterizes these cathedral personalities. In them we see Ohrist's program unified for they live to produce Jesus Christ. The world needs more Christlike men and women. In this day of imperative need and golden opportunity, we must not neglect the children.

How great is the need as God sees it! One worker on a frontier of the great northwest has eighteen counties under his care, and in that territory there are 724 school districts without any religious or- gar~ization. In another part of the northwest, in a territory as large as Massachusetts, with a popula- tion of 6,000, only two communities have church organizations. In another section of the same general territory, there is one Sunday-school p'arish, comprising a territory one half the size of Connecticut, with a group of Sundayschools and only one missionary worker. There are parishes that amaze us because of their size, and thrill us by their challenge to give young people a real chance. One isolated territory is sixty miles in length and fifty in breadth; another is sixty by thirty miles; a third is one hundred miles long and in a radius of fifty-eight miles has a population of 5,000. Each of these sections has only one missionary worker. A fourth comprises 3,240 square miles –with its only worker living 110 miles from A ~~~~tJ~R~" lWi~~I!J~N¥HljI~Xt~~~~ROF the railroad; while in a fifth the leader is located seventy-one miles from the railroad and caring for the religious needs of 3,500 people while thirty school teachers ai'e employed to care for their educational needs. In these great areas, the pioneer Sunday-school is often the only ministering Christian force, but in thousands of communities even this work is lacking.

In the rural regions of Georgia and Alabama, the mountain sections of Tennessee, Kentucky, and the Carolinas, multitudes of children and youth of the best American ancestry who deserve the finest opportunities possible in the way of religious education and training, have almost no facilities for training in Christian leader-

ship. Such rural communities furnish not only initlal purpose along Christian lines, but an adventurous spirit that inspires young people to seek the paths of difficult service.

One Christian leader in the southwest wrote, "When I find that in Oklahoma and Texas, there are 1,200,000 children and young people without regular religious training, I feel something very definite should be done." In another southern state there are 900 rural communities where only itinerant preaching services are held, without any systematic religious instruction for boys and girls. In an adjoining state with a population of 2,300,000, there are 1,091,340 children and youth in Protestant communities who are not in Sundayschool. No wonder that a lad in that state, listening to the story of "The Lost Sheep," asked, "Did they fix the hole in the feneeT"

In these frontier communities, young people do not have half a chance to make good in life. Think of a family of nine children, living with their parents in a house consisting of one room about sixteen feet square, never having attended Sunday-school and knowing nothing about the Bible!

Such needs, and the response of which they are worthy, make one's heart beat faster because of the glowing life pictures that · challenge the brainiest and best of .our college men and women. Out in the great frontiers of life are the biggest tasks that life has to offer; jobs for men and women with dynamic personalities, powerful and winsome, who can master a man and win a child. We still face the frontiers of service where there are lives to grip and lead to God; where youth can be touched with its noblest passion, and won to its highest ideals and enlisted in service for others.

A BAPTIST COLPORTEUR AND HIS AUTOMOB ILE ON THE FRONTIER

SCHOOL FOR MEXICAN GIRLS. HOLLYWOOD. CALIl"ORNIA

Rescuing Mexican Children in the Southwest BY REV. VERNON M. McCOMBS, D.D., LOS ANGELES, OALlFO~IA "" you Superintendent of the Latin American Mission of the Methodist Episcopal G'hureh young people will never know what it is to be born a Mexican baby. From the first moment of your life, you look up into eyes of confidence and Christian trust. It is not so with our Mexican babies."

Francisco, the speaker, had come from Mexico's night in search of light for mind and soul and we helped him in his education. At an Epworth League convention, he made the above startling state- ment. A prominent governor of one of the Mexican states said to us: "Our people are ignorant, and therefore superstitious. In the moune tain valleys and among the ignorant, probably half of the men and most of the women at some time attend the Roman Catholic church in Mexico. But in the towns and cities, where there is more education, probably one half of the women and none of the men attend mass. It is our aim to enlighten our people."

In reaching the Mexican children from over the border, we are touching a far-reaching opportunity at its very center. The leading evangelical denominations are establishing practical training schools for tots in the day nursery, and for others reaching through junior high, especially to help belated, illiterate, proud, overgrown youth, 3 529

to train exceptional types and particularly to develop Christian leaders."

A visit to Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes revealed what can be done for a race, and by that race for themselves. Somewhere, possibly, there rocks the cradle wherein lies a Mexican Booker T.

Washington or Lincoln or another .Tuarez for the deliverance of the sixteen millions of Mexicans, every tenth one of whom lives within the borders of the United States.

Results of this work are real and definite. One poor boy in New Mexico, who was encouraged to go to the mission school, and then to public school, was later gradu- ated from the University of South- ern California, with a gold medal in oratory; at Harvard Law School, won a C'/un lmtde, was Y.

M. C. A. Secretary in Mexico City until his health failed and is now AHorney General of one of our states. Another case has resulted in producing a great preacher who is a State Senator.

Recently, a pastor told me how he was born in a little town of benighted, superstitious people. A plague became epidemic and the people put crosses over their doors to keep away evil spirits. This town came to be called "Las Cruces. " In the Plaza School, later organized, Luis learned to adore the Christian missionary YLIDIA-BEFORE TAKING lady teacher, was converted, and is now a successful pastor on the border at Tia Juana and Mexicali. The influence of such leaders as these helped to make the largely Spanish and strongly Catholic state of New Mexico a "dry" state long before the days of national pro- hibition.

Occasionally parents say that they do not want their children to have any particular religion until they become men and women.

Doctor Lozada brought his two girls to our school, saying, "1 have .. The Methodists South ha.ve very tine schools at EI Paso, Laredo and other border points. The Presbyterians have schools at Santa Fe. Albuquerque and Los Angeles. The Gongregationalist9 bave a co-educational school at Albuquerque where the Methodist Episcopal Church, also, has two schools for the two sexes; and, also, girls' school~ in Tucson and Hollywood, the Spanish American Institute for boys at Gardena. and the Christian Training School for Racial Leadership a.t the Plaza Community Center in Los Angeles. The Friends, Nazarenes and other denominations have smaller schools, including the Plaza or day' schools which are popular along the border.

RESCUING MEXICAN CHILDREN IN THE sou'rawEsT

heard that you readfrom a Book each morning and have prayer. If you would not read from that Book, I would like to bring my girls to your school." The superintendent said, "We would appreciate "'reatly having your high-class children in our schools, but we cannot leave out the Bible. General Grant, whom you greatly admire, said, 'All the progress made by our country in Christian civilization we owe to the influence of the Book called the Bible.'" The girls came and were converted. At her father's birthday party, I asked Mina what we could take. She clasped her hands and said, "Oh, take him 'La Biblia.''' With some trepidation, we took him a fine copy of the Bible, in Spanish.

As he opened the package Senor Lozada's eyes sparkled and he said, "A thousand thanks! How long I have wanted this Book. I shall read it daily as I go to my law office." Thus, through the children, we reach the homes not only of the ignorant, but of the cultured and the free-thinkers, who make up a vast majority of Latin American peoples.

It is wonderful to see the Gospel Teams, Nurses' 'l'raining Groups, Athletic and Literary Clubs which are being promoted under the leadership of the young people trained in mission schools, or those we have aided to attend a Christian college. One young Mex- ican among ten thousand students a year ago won a Phi Beta Kappa YLIDIA-AFTER TAKING key, and is now studying at Drew Theological Seminary, where he is also a teacher in Spanish while securing his Doctor's degree at Columbia. His father is Doctor E.

M. Sein, pastor of the Plaza Community Center Church, Los Angeles.

In no place does Christian training show such wonderful results as in raising up pastors. One brilliant student in the Christian Train- ing School was a captain under the bandit Villa. Now he has a fine mission-style institutional church, and has three points on his circuit.

Another student, who did not know how to read or write ten years ago, has led about one hundred twenty-five Mexicans to Christ. This lad, up from peonage, is pastor of the Long Beach Mexican Church,

and a cultured wife and university graduates assist him. It really breaks the heart of the missionary to move around among the beautiful little boys and girls with their eyes of midnight, surprisingly plump and promising, though coming from homes of poverty, still neatly dressed, especially if they attend Sunday-school, and to think what their future would be without Christian education to give them character and to find them suitable life mates.

It is sad to notice marks of inherited disease from social vice, rather common even among our mission school children, and to realize that the little girl, seen in her humble adobe home looking so bonnie, may all too soon wither into some pain-racked, prematurelyold grandmother. Little" Queenie" was brought by her parents seven hundred miles to be baptized and to be in our Christian surroundings. Her father had been a godless machinist, and her beautiful young mother a Roman Catholic. Queenie has led them both to Christ. Out of the squalor, vice and diseased conditions of the "Valley of Sorrows and Sighs" on the border, a few weeks of Christian culture raised up these "flowers of the border" who brought these tokens on Easter morning. The mission schools afford opportunities for discovering the evil physical conditions often of serious character. One crippled newsboy, with a heavy iron on his leg, was taken to a Christian surgeon who removed two bits of bone from the ankle. The lad is now about to enter the University after being captain of his high school track team.

It would require a great library to analyze the far-reaching effects, international, social, political, in our own nation and, most of all, relations to the rea;lities of eternity. We met Colonel Mena staggering under the influence of drink in San Francisco. When three of his boys were put into our Spanish American Institute, the Colonel and his family came to church. The boys are now star students, athletes and orators. The last time I saw Colonel Mena, he was a respected and clean government officer-official inspector in the frightful resorts of Tia Juana. He and his family are members of a recently organized mission on the border.

Over and over come to me lines, as I look a million miles into the eyes of some sweet Mexican children standing at the parting of the ways: "They are idols of hearts and of households, They are angels of God in disguise; The sunlight still sleeps in their tresses, His glory still gleams in their eyes.

"All, those truants from home and from Heaven, They have made me more manly and mild; And I know now how J 8aus could liken The Kingdom of Heaven to a child."

Training as Citizenship

BY REV. WILLIAM BYRON FORBUSH, LITT.D., MEDIA, P A.

"I Managing Director of the National Honesty Bureau – NEVER had any father," complained a boy who was in trouble. "When did he die 7" inquired the sympathetic judge. "Oh, he isn't dead, he's a Shriner," the lad explained. There are thousands of orphans and half-orphans in America whose parents are not dead but are delinquent. Not all careless fathers by any means are Shriners, although many a father fails .because he has seemingly" joined" everything fraternal except his own home. The principal occasion of wrongdoing on the part of children is that they had the misfortune to come from a non-func- tioning home. Carelessness in the home has produced as many criminals as has criminality.

Some children perish for lack of knowledge. Children are not born in possession of the Ten Commandments.. Too few receive definite ethical teaching at home. If they are going to develop moral lives, they need to receive some moral "exposures." They need to have goodness explained clearly enough to recognize it when they see it. They must learn how to give things their right names. When a recruit goes to war, we arm him and instruct him how to fight. When a young traveler is about to take a journey, we warn him of the perils by the way and give him a guidebook to his destination. Too many parents take a moral consciousness in their children for granted, and suppose that the child will know by instinct that which has never been mentioned at home. If they think about it at all, they seem to think that a child can learn to be good merely by sitting in Sunday-school fifty minutes a week. After a hundred business and professional men had been interrogated as to the lawless acts of their boyhood they were asked what they thought was the wisest way to deal with such infractions of right and justice. The great majority expressed the opinion that reasoning on the part of adults was most affective. This conclusion was arrived at because it was largely their own ignorance of right that had, led them astray. Being good today requires brains as well as conscience. Never was it more true that children need "line upon line, precept upon precept, here a little and there a little." Precept is the nozzle on the hose of conscience. Intelligent goodness implies an instructed mind.

Example of course is more potent than precept. Of late there has been a noticeable increase of dishonesty among the young. The age of criminals is rapidly lessening, and crime is becoming a boy problem. The testimony is that in 999 cases out of 1,000 of juvenile theft the first occasion was some real or fancied injustice suffered 588

at home. Children go wrong because no attention is paid at home to their childish deeds of dishonor, but they transgress much oftener because of home examples of dishonesty. Laxity' in paying bills, borrowing without repaying, living beyond one's means, doing cun- ning tricks in business and boasting of them at home-all these constitute schools of dishonesty for children. Children are usually what their parents are. A group of youngsters was asked how many of them thought it right to avoid paying street car fare if the conductor did not notice the omission. Half of them thought it was right. The same questioner asked a woman's club its opinion. Half of these too thought it was right. The children agreed with their mothers.

Careless conversation in the home has much to do with juvenile delinquency. If a child hears his parents use such expressions as, "Oh, everybody's doing it," or "You can do anything that you can get away with," that child is almost certain to have a low code of honor.

On the other hand, the privileges of the careful home are un- measurable. The conscientious parent may actually preempt his child for goodness. Even the prodigal cannot go irretrievably from his father's house into the far country if from early childhood he has received explicit precept and consistent example. He is fighting against the fibre of habit and the sinew of knowledge. Feed a child constantly with good ideas, good habits and good ideals, and you will not nourish a moral monster. The home that has always been a school of integrity and a field of honor is America's best citizenship insurance. Such homes today have certain powerful auxiliaries, some of them new, some of them old with new aspects.

The writer was much surprised to be told lately that, out of a certain Bible class of fifty wholesome young men, not one ever spent an evening voluntarily at home. The social gathering or, failing that, the street, was their invariahle playground. This is too often the situation in our cities, where small living rooms and lack of opportunities for entertaining guests make the home unattractive to young people. But there are tendencies and opportunities that are beginning to be centripetal to the fireside. New and attractive games, the mechanical piano, the phonograph, and especially the radio, suggest new opportunities of bringing the old and the young together in the household. There is also a refreshing' new situation in that old people are younger and-curiously enoughyoung people are older than ever before. The generations mingle more pleasantly and naturally. The Father and Son Movement, the Big Brother idea, the Boy and Girl Scouts, have all done much to help the young to like the older and the older to understand and enjoy the young. Actually sharing life between parents and children means much for moral opportunity.

1923J HOME TRAINING AS CITlZENSHIP INSURANCE

The cheapness and abundance of reading matter today gives the home a new attractiveness, and suggests a new peril. Young people have, in the current papers and magazines, in the Sunday press, and in popularized books of knowledge access to a wider range of information and inspiration than ever existed before. The reading habit is becoming more nearly universal, and no habit has in it more resources and consolations. The new peril in books is not in juvenile literature, but in some of that which is supposedly written for adults. The nickel novel has almost been driven out by the more exciting movies, but the erotic novel of the hour is a pernicious peril. The Clean Book Campaign is a needed one. It is easy to put forth the special plea that a too rigid censorship of books might debar portions of certain highly esteemed classics, but the plea is fallacious. Though the Bible refers occasionally to subjects tabooed in conver- sation, it does not linger upon them with gusto, but sternly rebukes their iniquity. The argument that many works of fiction are, ontside their lascivious passages, dull and dreary may be met by the consideration that these deserts of dullness only tempt to the discovery of their oases of pruriency. Their chief mischief however is not their clever descriptions of sensuality but their extra-Freudian emphasis upon the fallacy that resistance of desire is calamitous and that all passions are imperative. To permit any modern novel except by certain well tried writers to enter the home without examination by the adults is as dangerous as to welcome an unknown and unvouched for stranger into the bosom of the family.

The modern church, especially the well equipped and forwardlooking city church, has become a mighty reinforcement to the home. It introduces the young child to his first social life, often is the earliest to interpret to him what" a party" means, and skillfully and wholesomely guides, entertains and inspires a graded series of social fellowships that follow the youngster from early childhood to manhood and womanhood. So wisely does the church interpret religion as a social matter that to him the church is, reverently speaking, as one youth called it, "God's gang," and the Christian faith is known as an enlightened and unselfish friendship, with the Divine Companion and with all His children.

We live under new and untried circumstances. We occupy drawers in twenty-story bureaus; we sleep on beds built against doors; we gather around radiators instead of open fires, but the home may persist even in flats; monogamy is still successful when really tried; children come into the world bringing love with them, and Christian homes with old-fashioned v~rtues and new-fashioned understanding, skill and consecration are still the best guarantees of a citizenry of integrity and faith.

and Camp Fire

BY RAY O. WYLAND, NEW YORK Department of Education, Boy Scouts of America T HE awakened interest and resultant mobilization of several hundred thousand men and women who have accepted respon- sibility for providing leadership to boys and girls is the first and probably greatest service accomplished by such movements as Scouting and Camp Fire. It is only in recent years that the Rotary, Kiwanis, and other men's clubs, women's clubs and Parent-Teachers Associations, have taken up this important Big Brother and Big Sister work. A generation ago a boy enthusiast was often treated: as a freak. Today we are proud to profess a nationally-awakened conscience in regard to our responsibility to provide young people with wholesome leisure-hour diversions of character and citizenship training value.

America's greatest asset is her youth, and her greatest need is an effective means of character-training, going far beyond the public school curriculum in bringing up a generation of citizens, who regard citizenship as an obligation, as well as a privilege, accepting service as the corollary of liberty. We must raise up a generation of youth worthy; and capable under God, of being trusted with the destiny of this Nation-a generation which makes no distinction of class or creed in relation to the common responsibility to stand together as one people under one flag, guaranteeing liberty and justice to all men.

Scouting and Camp Fire both recognize the fundamental relation of the Church in any program of character development. It is the only institution which travels along beside the home in the life of the individual from infancy to the grave, throwing a protective arm around the sanctity of the home and the sacredness of the marriage bond, generating the moral and spiritual power necessary to maintain high standards of social conduct.

Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and Camp Fire Girls, have therefore prepared their programs not as a substitute for, but as supplementary to the program of religious education provided by the Church; and it is intended that these programs shall be so correlated with the religious instruction of the Church school as to provide the recreational, expressional and social club life necessary to make a well-rounded program of spiritual, social and physical development for the youth of the Church.

THE Boy SCOUTS Ask the Scoutmaster, "Where is the lad in khaki first made a ScoutT" and he will answer, "In his heart." Passing tests and 536 BOY SCOUTS LEARNING TO ENJOY MORE ABUNDANT LIFE donning badges and the Scout uniform no more make a Scout than cap and gown make a college graduate. In becoming a Tenderfoot, the Scout takes the following Scout Oath or promise: "On my honor I will do my best: 1. To do my duty to God and my country and to obey the Scout Law. 2. To help other people at all times. 3. To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake and morally straight. "

The Scout motto is "Be prepared." A Scout does a good turn daily, for which he does not expect and will not accept pay. The twelve Scout Laws are: ".A. Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, .cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean and reverent."

Except a boy has embodied these worthy principles in his daily life, he is not in reality It Scout j but with these he is a true Scout, and a high type of future citizen.

Let us assume that we have a first class Scoutmaster, and dwell for a little while upon what he will do for the boys.

"1. Since it is presumed that a Scout is worthy of being trusted, he is placed on his honor. There is no spying on the actions of a Scout. If there is anything that will inspire boys as well as men to be noble, it is to be con- stantly conscious that good people are expecting them to do their best.

2. Boy Scouts are taught loyalty to country and the significance of patriotism. They learn the history of The Flag, and the meaning of every star and stripe, as well as the ideals for which it stands.

3. The Scout is inspired to .be helpful at all times, and in all places. 4. A Scout is taught to be friendly to all, and a brother to every other Scout. 5. Scouts are courteous and refined, especially in the presence of women and older people. 6. A Scout is kind. 7. A Scout is obedient not only to Scoutmaster, but to his parents, teachers and others having authority over him. 8. A Scout is cheerful. He obeys with a smile. He will not nurse a grouch. 9. A Scout is thrifty. He is taught to care for property, and to save money, pay nis own way, and be generous to those in need. 10. A Scout is brave. He faces dangers fearlessly. He has convictions and maintains them, in spite of the coaxings of friends and the jeers of enemies. 11. A Scout keeps clean in body and thought. He stands for clean speech, clean sport and clean habits, and travels with a clean crowd. 12. A Scout's attitude toward God is that of reverence. He has a religion, to which he is devoted, and he shows all du€' respect for the religion of others. "

More than two million Boy Scouts have had the training since the Boy Scouts of America were organized in 1910. The present enrollment is 600,024 Boy Scouts and Scout Officials. The great majority of these Scouts are enrolled in church groups, or community troops meeting in church buildings, and all of them are directed by Scoutmasters who have pledged their allegiance to God and their loyalty to the Church.

THE GIRL SCOUTS The aim and method of the Girl Scouts is very similar to that of the Boy Scouts, but it is an entirely separate organization. Their activities center about three main interests: home, health and citizenship-and are designed not only to give to girls essential information in these fields-but more important, to develop habits of service and healthy living.

The Girl Scout program is available to girls 10 years of age, but the great majority of its members are girls from 11 to 15, with the highest number of enrollments at 13. The greatest number of Merit Badges is awarded in the home·craft division, in which the leading subjects are: laundress, cook, home maker, hostess, needlewoman, dressmaker and child-nurse. In the health-activities division

SCOUTING AND OAMP FIRE WORK

the leading subjects are: health winner, first aid, home nurse and health guardian.

The membership of the Girl Scouts has had a most remarkable development in the last six years, mounting up from 8,455 in 1917 to 128,000 active members in 1923. In ten years' time the Girl Scouts have trained more than three hundred thcusand girls. They are organized in all the States, in Alaska, Hawaii, Philippine Islands and Panama.

THE CAMP FIRE GIRUl The active enrollment of the Camp Fire Girls at present includes more than 160,000 girls and girl leaders. About 40 per cent of these belong to groups organized in the churches while 50 per cent is found in groups with the home as a basis. This suggests. the basic Camp Fire principle that a girl's interests during adolescence center in CAMP FIRE GIRLS AROUND THEIR COUNCIL FIRE

the home and in home circle relationships. Camp Fire Girls are organized in all the states, and in 17 other countries.

The aim of the Camp Fire program is nvt only to conserve leisure time, but also, through leisure time activities, to build up ideals that will find expression in the cheerful performance of home duties, in love of nature and the out-of-doors, in unselfish and patri- otic service, and in various kinds of craft work.

The Camp Fire Manual-is a veritable storehouse of interest and practical suggestions of things that girls of 12 to 20 years of age like to do. Honors are awarded for more than 800 subjects and distinct types of work. In 1922 more than two million honors were won by the Camp Fire Girls of, America alone. The subjects for which the highest number of honors were awarded were: home craft, health craft, hand craft, citizenship, nature lore, business craft and camp craft, in the order named.

The Camp Fire slogan is "Give Service." Its watchword is "Wohelo," formed from the first two letters of the word's "work," "help," and "love." The tasks which the girls perform to win their ranks are classified under six crafts, namely: home, health, hand, nature, camp, business and citizenship. Each craft has a symbolic color, and for each honor the Camp Fire Girl is awarded an honor bead having the color of the craft under which the honor appears.

Three ranks open to the Camp Fire Girls are entitled, "Woodgatherer," "Firemaker," and "Torch Bearer." It takes a long time, real desire and faithful effort to learn and to be the things required of the Torch Bearer, and to be able to say, when she receives the symbol of the rank: "That light which has been given to me, I desire to pass undimmed to others."

Each of the above named organizations fits into the program of a local church school and recognizes the importance of religion in the character development of the boy and the girl. They sound a distinct spiritual note but each religious group must provide the spedal training which it desires its own boys and girls to receive.

By affording wider contacts of national and international fellowship Scouting and Camp Fire become a uniting influence in a divided world. They travel arm in arm with every church which believes in God, and through individual and group service they be- come a strong arm of the Church in fulfilling its commission to establish the Kingdom of God among all peoples of the earth. Scouting and Camp Fire need the Church and the atmosphere which the Church and the Church school alone can provide. The Scout and Camp Fire programs, also enrich the Church programs in the recreational and expressional life of boys and girls.

ON THE CHURCH LAWN TO MAKE HEALTHY

What One Church Is Doing BY REV. ARTHUR HENRY LIMOUZE, CLEVELAND, OIDO Minister of the Glenville Presbyterian Church I Na community on the outskirts of Oleveland where twenty-five years ago a handful of people picked their way over dirt streets by the light of barn lanterns to the church services, today we find the bustling traffic of one of the busiest sections of Oleveland. Farm lands have been cut up into building lots and banks, stores, theaters, offices and other structures of a well defined community life tell the story of the change that has come over Glenville, once famous for its race track.

With the changed conditions such as are experienced in so many cities where residential districts have given way to business, there has come a new and different type of population. This newer type is predominantly Jewish, mainly of Russian and Oentral European stock. One of the grade schools in our parish, which cares for 1,064 children, reports one third of that number to be Jewish, while a quarter of a mile south of the Ohurch is a population which is practically all Jewish. In this area within the past five years, synagogues have arisen as if by magic, while one of the finest and best equipped Jewish centers in America, costing a million dollars, with swimming pool, gymnasium, restaurant, ball room, and a synagogue seating 2,500 people, has recently been erected. Today, in this neighborhood, there are Kosher chicken venders, odds and ends shops, and all the other evidences of a .Tewish community of 25,000 people where once Protestant leaders looked for strong churches.

The Glenville Presbyterian Ohurch is working out a program with definite objectives. Realizing the fact that churches die in 541

changing communities because they are unready to face the new conditions, the church's leaders are trying to foster a sense of community responsibility by attempting new approaches, especially through the children. An expanding program of contacts with the homes of the community has been put into operation for the purpose of making its opportunities indispensable to the children and their parents. The approach of the church to its community task is based upon the conviction of the need of the whole neighborhood of the Gospel of Christ, and the response which comes from people when that Gospel is lived out by those who believe in its message.

The church has the usual societies which are adjuncts to the public service of worship and the Bible school, such as young people's organizations, and women's and men's groups in missionary and church interests. It has also graded and grouped the children of the congregation and community into small organizations which meet during the week and in this way is endeavoring to bind the homes from which they come more closely to Christ and His Ohurch.

The groups range in age from four or five years to sixteen or seventeen, and are led by volunteers working under the leadership of a well trained, full time director. The special expenses are met by the children's dues or offerings, each class and club being se1£- supporting. The only cost met by the church is for the director's salary, and the maintenance of the building. The effort has been not only to develop the groups, but also to cultivate a leadership for them within the church. Among the volunteer leaders are several high school and college students who a few years ago were members of younger groups in the church. It is significant that a few of the older boys and girls have, as a result of this experience, been discussing their life work in the light of the missionary enterprise.

The activities of the children center in a few definite interests: mis,sions, Bible instruction, and service are placed in the forefront. There is also the social outlet through which in games, outings, camping trips and other forms of recreation, opportunity in happy self-expression is given to the boys and girls.

The missionary program focuses itself in the two missionaries supported by the church, and is widening to include a third living link. Two of the girls' groups have named themselves after these missionaries, and all cooperate in projects which bind them to the task afield and enlighten them as to the larger world need of the non-Christian peoples. The children take great pleasure in making articles, or purchasing things out of their spending money to be sent to the mission fields. Nothing cheap, trashy, or useless is sent.

The missionary interest is tied up with the spirit of worship, Bible study, and music. From the girls, a Junior Choir has been

WHAT ONE CHURCH IS DOING

organized, to assist in worship in the Bible school. Honors are given for Bible reading, church attendance, and other similar activities. All this is done in a perfectly normal way and into it the children heartily enter.

The social activities revolve about things that children like. As the church has no gymnasium, its Men's Bible Class engaged the high school gymnasium for one night a week and secured a physical director to train the boys from twelve to twenty years of age. Soone members of the church place their summer cottages on the lake front at the disposal of small parties for short outings. The Presbyterian Union of Cleveland conducts each year a large camp on Lake Erie fifteen miles from town. .Just prior to the Daily Vacation Bible School as many children who wish to go to camp are sent off for ten days with the understanding that on their return they will attend TRA INING THE CHARAC'fER AND SKILL IN THE HAMMER AND SAW CLUB the Daily Vacation Bible School for four weeks. Representative young people, whom we hope to develop into leaders, are also sent to one of the Summer Institutes, the church paying half, or all of the expenses.

It is a happy work in which the church finds pleasure. At the last annual meeting of the congregation, each class and club was represented by its officers, one of whom made the report of bis class or group work for the year. The children were made to feel their oneness with the larger organizations of the church, and at the same time the church people saw what the future can be if we care for the present. Thus, in a quiet way, children and homes ar.e being brought under the influence of Christ. This program works in a church that is just like hundreds of others in America. It is not spectacular, and doubtless is deficient in many things which oth~rs may feel important. It is an honest and fruitful effort, in the name of Him, on Whose great heart rest the needs of the boys and girls of the world, to do something for "the least of these."

Burns Gave Up Business*

Team Work fOt" the Rural Commttnity BY COE HAYNE, NEW YORK Author of "Race Grit," "For a New America," etc.

T HAT Burns should give up a good business connection and calmly choose a pastorate on what the Home Mission Board of his denomination considered the toughest field in Pennsylvania rather mystified some of his friends. They judged that his young wife and two promising boys deserved somewhat better of him. But he was not long a mystery to the people he came to serve. Everybody understands friendliness in a neighbor and Burns first of all was a good neighbor. If his efforts during the first few weeks in the little town which for the purposes of this record will be called Middle Grove, resulted in any permanent good, the fact that he convinced a fair majorif.¥ of his church members that he was glad to live in their town should be registered as not among the least desirable accomplishments.

The Middle Grove people were of average intelligence at least. While they were unconscious of some of the disadvantages under which they were living, they knew that as a community Middle Grove was not meeting certain needs. The constant desertion of the place by their young people told them so.

Burns was sincere. He loved the community for what he hoped, by the grace of God, it might become. He loved the little, old ramshackle of a church building because it had been a place of worship for people who, during the past generation or two, had found God there and whose lives had been a blessing to the town. That the building had ceased to meet community needs did not cause him to condemn it. On the other hand his reverence for the ancient building as the house of God brought to its pews some people who had not entered the church door for many years. But this is not to say that he was at all satisfied with the equipment for the upbuilding of the Kingdom in Middle Grove.

Burns came upon the field with no rash notion of transforming the community at once. But he possessed what Professor Edwin L. Earp calls the "engineering skill to keep folks at work without friction." He had the sense to find out first of all what were the needs of the community. The result of a scientific survey was presented in a pleasing way to the people. He made a chart of his parish and in graphic style showed how and· why the church could *Reprinted by permission from Mr. Hayne's new book, "For A New America:· published by the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Missionary Education Movement, copyrighted 1923.

544 and should function in its relation to other saving agencies in the community. He had the ability to wait as well as to work.

While Burns could be read like an open book by his parishioners and neighbors he began after a time to talk in a way that puzzled many. What did he mean when he said that the church must relate itself to every legitimate community activity-including the planting of corn and potatoes-or the community itself would die of old age? What could the church do besides support a pastor whose duty it should be to guide folks to heaven 7 "We should so organize our work as to render a wholesome service to the entire community," he said in substance.

Generalities were not a part of this young workman's mental and spiritual operating plant. He soon called his people together to consider a means of supplying wholesome recreation for the young people who were seeking unwholesome social enjoyment elsewhere. When he made a plea for a community hall scarcely a person could look ahead that far; nevertheless the women were ready to back him in the project. They had eighty dollars in hand, accumulated as a result of chicken-pie suppers and bazaars. Somebody made a motion that a building committee be appointed; the motion was carried by the women. Then a brother thought he saw a way to shelve the whole proposition.

"Seeing that the pastor is the person most interested in this subject I move that he be a committee of one to carry it out."

Burns did not dodge. On the other hand, he considered that a fine start had been made. The following morning a farmer was driving past the church lot on his way to the county seat with produce when he saw his pastor with pick and shovel digging a trench.

"What are you up to, might I ask?" "Excavating for our community hall," replied Burns. "I don't quite understand." "This is the committee our people selected and it has commenced to function."

As the farmer drove on he indulged in a bit of constructive thinking as a church member. That real enlightenment was grante<:I him from some source was evidenced by the rapidity with which he drove back to his barn and threw a scraper and a shovel into his wagon. While this record must remain incomplete as to what was done with the produce, it can be stated with authority that the entire day, in addition to several subsequent days, was spent by this farmer with his pastor on the site of the proposed community hall. Others came to the lot and fell to with an enthusiasm which furnished one more proof that the desire to express genuine love for one's community is contagious. There ensued no lack of labor, lumber or cash to bring this first building project to a successful conclusion.

4

There were three other communities included in Burns's parish and one after another put up a building to house the social activities of young and old.

The road to the county seat, over which the Middle Grove farmer Was about to take a load of produce the morning he discovered his pastor in overalls, was a poor one. During certain seasons it con- stituted a serious barrier to community progress; it prevented the ready transportation of crops to city markets; it isolated Middle Grove as a rural trade center; it kept people home from church. For peQple to ignore a poor stretch of road is both uneconomic and unChristian. Therefore Burns attacked the road evil as he would any other public nuisance. The organization of a Road Improvement Association was the first step; when four fifths of the farmers in the parish joined the association, a united appeal was presented to the court to enforce its own ruling concerning this same piece of swamp road. The court told the road supervisors that delay would no longer be tolerated. The road was macadamized.

Burns, ,it has been intimated, found a community that was underestimating its own possibilities and living far below its privileges without knowing it. As a minister he considered it his duty to make some of these privileges his own. He did not disregard the saving agencies outside of the Church designed to help him and his neighbors. Some of the folks were not opening the doors to the representatives of these agencies. There was the Farm Bureau for example. The agent had been having a hard go of it in the promotion of better farming methods. The preacher struck hands with the agriculturist. Quietly the man of the pulpit began work with the hoe and within two years was known as the champion corn raiser of the county. He plotted his own garden and demonstrated the value of the application of nitrates, potash or lime to poor soil and the practicability of seed tests. This took but a little more time than the raising of corn of a less regal grade would have done. In the meantime the agent of the Farm Bureau found open doors that formerly had been closed.

. T'eam work for the community became a recognized slogan in Middle Grove. That it became an inter-community ideal is the opinion of people in the county who know anything about the entertainments held in the four community hallsl built under Burns's supervision. The young people at each place prepared one program which they gave four times; thus there were held during one winter t; sixteen entertainments-four in each communitv. In addition to the "home crowds" there were visiting parties increase the audiences. Accordingly the social life of a large country area was raised to a higher level. Acquaintanceships were widened under wholesome influences. The somewhat boisterous public affairs, promoted for commercial reasons only, which had been patronized by the young

WHY BURNS GAVE UP BUSINESS

people because they had no other place to go, gradually lost for them their attraction. In the course of a few months these same young people were rallying about the young minister when he inaugurated his training classes for religious workers. They offered themselves for baptism and membership in the church. They became the Sundayschool teachers and leaders of groups for Christian service of various kinds. They are to be found there today carrying on in His Name.

The reconstruction of church life in the open country will continue or the virility of American life in many urban as well as country communities increasingly will be impaired during the generations immediately ahead of us. Declared Hon. Gifford Pinchot at the first conference held by the Commission on Church and Country Life: "The permanent strBllgth of any civilization is best measured by the soundness of life on -the land. It was the failure of agriculture far more than the decadence of the cities that sapped the power of ancient Rome. The farmer feeds and clothes us all. From the country comes the strong new blood which renews the vigor of the towns. The tenacious spiritual ideals of the open country constitute our most resisting barrier against the growing laxity and luxury of our social organization. It is the country church rather than the city church which is in fact our best defense against the advance of the evils of our time."

Burns believes that the Church, under gracious and determined leadership, may rank as the most attractive force in any community. There is a growing company of young men and women in America who, like Burns, are facing the rural problem without seeking an alibi for themselves. If country life is not what it should be they are determined to cease blaming their progenitors for the situation. On the other hand, by no false optimism are they blinding themselves to the actual difficulties connected with rural church work. If the country places are among the lost home fields then they will be reo claimed when a,s definite life enlistments are made for the rural work in America as are made for the foreign work. The same type of Christian manhood and womanhood, the same devotion, the same courage are required for the one field as for the other.

BUILDING FOR ETERNITY "If we work upon marble, it will perish; if we work upon brass, time will efface it; if we rear temples, they will crumble iNto dust; but if we work upon immortal souls, if we imbue them with principles, with the just fear of God and love of fellowmen, we engrave on those tablets something which brightens all eternity.' '-Daniel Webster.

Spiritual Illiteracy in

Some Results of the Week-Day Church School Movement BY REV. WALTER ALBION SQUIRES, B.D., PHILADELPHIA, P A.

Director of Week-Day Religious Instruction, Presbyterian Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work T HE growth of the ·Week-Day Ohurch School Movement is a striking religious phenomenon. It began less than a decade ago and its growth has been largely within the past three years. In 1920 there were less than fifty schools; in 1923 there are approximately one thousand schools with nearly a hundred thousand pupils enrolled. Since some of thel>e schools have been carried on for nearly ten years, it seems timely to attempt to discover what the week-day church school movement has thus far revealed.

1. The movement has revealed a growing appreciation of the importance of religious education and a consequent discontent with the ordinary educational program of the Church. A flood of inquiries is pouring in to every denominational agency having charge of religious education. These inquiries come from all parts of the United States, from Canada, and from foreign mission fields, showing that there is an awakening interest in religious education which is not only nation-wide, but world-wide. It would seem that churches everywhere are awakening to the fact that their greatest opportunity for service is offered by the child life of their constituencies and that the approach to child life must be the educational approach. Many churches have taken to heart the alarming statement that our religious educational agencies are not reaching half of the children of America and are holding less than half of those they reach for a long enough period to bring them into lasting fellowship with any religious organization.

Of course there are church members and sometimes whole congregations on whose ears statistics like these fall without apparent result. There are churches characterized by prophetic vision and progressive methods and there are churches of a wholly static type. The former must lead in a movement like the one we are considering. The others will ultimately follow when the movement has demonstrated its worth and its efficiency and is passing over into the realm of methods deemed traditional.

Church people sometimes appear to be less interested in the· week-day church school movement than are other people whose. connection with the Church is uncertain or non-existent. The movement for week-day religious instruction began with public school people and they have been, almost without exception, its hearty supporters. Judges of juvenile courts have seen the tide of adolescent crime and 5~ juvenile delinquency rising higher and higher and they have said that the underlying cause is spiritual illiteracy. Business men have felt the ground-swell of social upheavals in other lands and have turned preacher-prophets, proclaiming that unless our American children and youth are grounded in the principles of righteousness our civilization will crumble into ruin at no distant day.

2. The movement has shown that it is practical. Week-day church schools have been organized in nearly all the great cities of America.· They have demonstrated that they can live in the city slum and in the great church of the fashionable suburb. Week-day church schools have flourished in the smaller cities and towns and in the country villages and have been organized in the open country. In CDMMUNITIES WHERE WEE..DAY RELIGIOUS IIiSTIUCTIDN NAS BEEN ORGANIZED one township of Michigan where three Sunday-schools were reaching only about fifty children with a low average attendance, week-day church schools were organized and soon enrolled more tlian a hundred children with an average attendance up to public school standards. Communities that have been unable to keep up a Sunday-school for more than a few months in summer, if at all, are now able to maintain a week-day church school throughout the public school year and to enroll practically all the children.

The movement has a way of reaching the spiritually neglected children of the nation. Sixty per cent of the children of America are not in Sunday-school, or in any school where religious instruction is given. This army of children growing up in spiritual illiteracy is twenty millions strong. The week-day church school has shown its

ability to gain recruits from this menacing army of spiritually neglected children. In some communities of Hammond, Indiana, ninety per cent of the children who came into the week-day church school classes were not attending Sunday-school. Many of them did not know what a Sunday-school was.

It has been shown that the children will attend a week-day class of religious instruction, even when they must give up playtime to do so. In one city a thousand children were enrolled in week-day church school classes, meeting before public school hours in the morning. In most communities where efficient teaching has been provided the problem has not been how to get the children to attend, but how to take care of those who wish to enroll.

It has been demonstrated that week-day religious instruction is financially possible in practically every American community. Of course, week-day church schools cannot be put on the right basis until the people of a community get over the notion that religious education can be given adequate financial support through penny offerings of the childre;n. Part-time paid teachers, good housing and equipment, attractive lesson materials, and adequate supervision for two hours a week of religious instruction can be secured usually at a cost of . about five dollars a year for each pupil.

The public schools can cooperate with the week-day church schools by granting public school time for the meetings of the church school classes, and this cooperation is a distinct advantage to the public schools. An efficient church school supplies that element of education which is lacking in the American public school. It helps public school teachers to maintain discipline, and to grapple success- . fully with those moral problems which are ever an important phase of public school education. The church school courses are, moreover, in themselves possessed of a high cultural value, so that the time given up by the public school for the use of the church school is by no means so much time lost from the educational preparation of the child for life and citizenship.

. 3. The movement has developed three types of organization a;nd has demonstrated the particular values of each. Week-day church school plans vary widely. They may, however, be grouped into three fairly well defined types. There is what has come to be called the Individual Church Type. Under this plan an individual church carries un week-day religious instruction as a part of its regular educational program and without cooperating with any other church. Sometimes all the churches of a community have their own week-day classes for religious instruction, but they unite in an overhead organization which has advisory relationships with the week-day church schools. This overhead organization attends to such matters as securing public school time for the church school classes, advertising, the preparation of teachers, and other like matters. This plan has come

OVERCOMING SPIRITUAL ILI,ITERACY IN AMERICA

to be called the Denominational Community Type. When the churches of a community create a community council of religious education or similar body and delegate to this council the week-day religious in- struction on an interdenominational basis, the plan of organization is called the Interdenominational Type.

Since the Individual Church Plan and the Denominational Com- munity Plan both provide for week-day religious instruction on a denominational basis, the issue is logically between these two types and the Interdenominational Type on the other hand. One of the live questions of the day is concerned with these week-day church school types. Shall week-day religious instruction be placed on an interdenominational basis or on a denominational basis f The Inter- denominational Type has the advantage of being in line with a grow- ing spirit of friendliness among denominations and is often urged strongly on these grounds. Moreover, its creation of one course of study and one supervisory organization for a whole community makes for efficiency. It, however, has· one or two grave defects which have not as yet been remedied. The pupils of week-day church schools of the Interdenominational Type are apt to go out from these schools without having formed any lasting relationships with any church organization. Under this plan also the week-day religious instruction is not correlated with the Sunday-school instruction and the other educational influences which the children receive in the churches. The two schools, week-day and Sunday-school, often overlap and common goals are lacking.

The Denominational Community Type of week-day church school has the advantages arising from the fact that under this system the week-day religious instruction is a part of the regular educational program of the individual church and can thus be built into a correlated program where all overlappings and consequent lack of efficiency are eliminated. It thus enables an individual church to conduct a church school which is unified as to its program, and is correlated in all of its activities; a church school efficient beyond anything thus far known in America. It has made possible for the individual church the Correhtted School of Religious Education in which the work of the Sunday-school, the week-day church school, and the expressional organizations such as Christian Endeavor Societies are merged into one educational agency with a common course of study, a common supervisory and administrative organization, and common goals.

In the opinion of the writer the first responsibility for the religious nurture of the child rests with the home and. the individual church with which the child's family is connected. If the individual church can delegate a part of its task to an interdenominational agency of religious education and thus encourage interdenominational friendliness, well and good; provided that the educational needs of the child are as well cared for ullder interdenominational oversight as

they are under the other arrangement. The spiritual need of the child is the end we must keep constantly in view. Week-day religious instruction ought not to be degraded into an agency for promoting. denominationalism, neither ought it to be made into a life preserver for floating interdenominational agencies overwhelmed by financial embarrassments.

4. The week-day church school has prod7wed valuable religious educational results. Pupils have gained a grasp of Biblical and spiritual truth comparable to the understanding they usually attain in public school studies. Public school teachers and principals have said that the conduct of pupils has undergone marked improvement as a result of the organization of church school classes cooperating with the public schools. Parents have born similar testimony concerning better conduc.t of their children in the home. In some intermediate week-day church school classes every pupil has made a decision for the Ohristian life and has united with the Ohurch.

5. The week-day church school mJovernent has brought within sight an all-American system of religious education for aU the chUdren and youth of the land. In nearly a dozen communities every child in the public schools has been enrolled in classes for week-day religious instruction. The movement is fair to all religious bodies. It puts them all on exactly the same basis. It makes possible a public school system for all the children of the nation and an equally extensive and efficient church school system wherein each child attends the class where the kind of religious instruction is given which is in harmony with the wishes of the child's parents. When perfected the week-day church school will make parochial schools unnecessary and will remove the excuse for any complaint concerning "double taxation. "

THREE THINGS YOUNG MEN NEED I pray that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and in all judgment.-Phil. 1: 9.

The sort of men needed today is well expressed by old Dr. John Brown, of Haddington, who spoke homely Saxon to the students who applied to him for instruction. He would say, "Young gentlemen, ye need three things: ye need learning, grace, and common sense. As for the learning, I'll try to set ye in the way of it, as for grace ye must always pray for it, but if ye have na brought the common sense with ye, ye may go aboot your business!" These three weighty things will be good ballast for a ship, and enable a man to outride many a gale that would otherwise capsize him.-Henry Dening.

of Religious Work for the

BY REV. HERBERT W. GATES, D.D., BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Missionary Secretary of the Congregational Education Society SOME years ago, in one of our large Western cities, a business man often found it necess·ary to drive through a section popu- lated largely by people of foreign birth. He did not drive an automobile in those days, but even the steady mare, that shared something of her master's love for children, had to be driven with care to avoid running over the youngsters who thronged the streets. Being both a lover of children and a far-sighted Christian citizen, this man made inquiries into the religious education of these children and found it to be worse than none. The result of his thinking was a mission Sunday-school that later grew into a church, from which young people have gone out to become Christian leaders in scores of communities throughout the Middle "Vest.

This Christian business man believed heartily the woTIls of Phillips Brooks: "He who helps a child helps humanity with a distinctness, with an immediateness, which. no other help given to human creatures in any other stage of their life can possibly give again. "

Dr. Russell Conwell, in his book "Manhood's Morning," gives a list of 147 names of men distinguished in practically every line of human endeavor-science, invention, music, art, literature, statesmanship, commerce and religion-everyone of whom achieved enough to demonstrate his power and ability before the age of twenty-eight and most of them while yet in their teens.

Studies made twenty years ago showed that the great majority of all those who join the Christian Church do so in this period of youth. The first high point in the curve, according to those stUdies, came at 13 years of age, the next at 17, and the last at 20. From this point the line descends rapidly. More recent studies, made by Professor Athearn, covering 6,194 persons of five denominations and in 43 states, show the median age at which these persons joined the Church to be a little over 14. Note that this is not the average age, but the middle point in the entire series. Nearly one half of all these persons joined the Church at from 9 to l4 years of age.

Seventy-five per cent of all Church members are received into the Church before the age of 21. This justifies Professor Athearn's statement that the chances are three to one against a person joining the Church after 21 years of age.

On the other hand, criminal statistics inform us that a very large majority of the arrests, convictions and commitments to prison occur during this same period of youth.

553

Here is at once a challenge to the Church and a demonstration of her opportunity. These are the formative years during which fundamental ideas, attitudes and interests are being established. Character is largely settled by the later teens. Even though, through some powerful influence, the trend of life may be altered in mature years, the contrary pull of these earlier habits and modes of thought is seldom if ever eradicated.

All this emphasizes the immense importance of the results of our educational work during childhood and youth. There is ground for serious thought and some concern. More than half of our pupils are dropping out of Sunday-school before later adolescence. While one cannot so accurately measure the results achieved with those who remain, no thoughtful leader can feel satisfied. Few churches would claim that we are turning out anything like a due proportion of aggressive, loyal, resourceful leaders in Christian activity.

There are some signs of a trend for better things which suggest the way out and up. Slowly, but surely, the tide of educational consciousness in the Church is rising. Trained leaders are being called into service, skilled in teaching methods and able to train others. Church buildings, planned and equipped for religious educa- tional purposes are becoming more numerous. It is true, as a writer in The Ladies' Home Journal has recently pointed out, that many of our schools use a system of lessons from which the best results cannot be expected, on the other hand, better methods and materials better suited to the needs of the growing child are gaining ground.

Missionary education is making a distinct contribution to this advance. Leaders are recognizing it as an essential factor in a Christian program of religious education and are discovering in the various missionary activities of the Church the finest sort of material for project work. The pupils are gaining more of a world vision, establishing attitudes of respect and sympathy toward other peoples and are being led into a larger share of participation in the activities of their own church and school.

In aNew England church where a monthly missionary program, more or less mechanically conducted, was the rule, it was decided to give the young people more responsibility for the preparation of their own programs. A class of high school boys studied the work of one of their mission boards and dramatized its appeal for funds in so interesting a manner as to secure from the school one of the largest missionary offerings it had ever given. Better still, they started new lines of interest. Other classes took up the work and, within a short time, had produced three programs of such merit that they were published by the respective boards whose work they presented and widely used throughout the denomination. More significant still, the members of that class of boys joined the church within a few months. When asked for their reasons they referred to that

1923J RESULTS OF RELIGIOUS WORK }'OR THE YOUNG

missionary program, saying: "That was the first chance we ever had to do something really our own that seemed to count with the church. " This had given them a sense of partnership in the enterprise which they now wished to make more complete.

A teacher in another school had been seeking some means of creating real interest on the part of her class of girls. She finally suggested that they make some good booklets, illustrating Bible stories or teachings, to be sent to mission schools at home or abroad'. Here was an immediate, practical, and interesting motive for their Bible study. They responded to it at once. One girl produced a booklet on "Jesus as a Healer." The cover bore the title and a picture of Jesus healing the sick. On the first page was a picture and the narrative, in the words of the New Testament, of the day at Capernaum. Then followed a series of pictures, each with its brief descriptive note, illustrating how Jesus heals today. Here were a Red Cross nurse, a mission hospital with doctors and nurses at work, a Boy Scout giving first aid and so on. Think of the value of such an interpretation in the mission school in India!

Another class of high school boys chose as the theme for a service of worship, which they were to lead in their department, the work of the Home Mission Board of their church. They sent for copies of the printed report and other literature, studied these with a thoughtfulness that many an older person might well imitate, and gave a report which held tne attention of the department from start to finish. The subject had been divided up among the members of the class, each taking his turn. They told of the organization of the Board, the various types of work carried on, the different races and classes of people served, the value of this service to our nation, and wound up with a definite and clean-cut expression of their conviction that such an organization should have loyal support.

In a number of schools groups of boys and girls are taking as a project their own church budgets including that for missions and benevolence. The immediate purpose in such projects is the preparation of posters, and other pictorial forms of presentation as their share in educational publicity connected with the Every Member Canvass. More than one parent has been taught more about his church by his own youngsters than he ever knew before.

These examples, chosen at random from a variety of schools, are evidence of a new day in religious education. As one superintendent put it: "It has changed the attitude of my school from that of passive non-resistance to that of active interest." It is giving a strong motive for study and real learning. It is making God a real presence and' the Christ-like, brotherly life an experience rather than an abstraction. It is leading boys and girls to share in such experience instead of merely hearing someone talk about it. Here lies our 'great hope for a Christian America.

Education-Reiigious vs

BY REV. HAROLD MeA. ROBINSON, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work XL sorts of people tell us that if a child does not receive a religious education he will grow up to be a menace to society. If we admit this, does it make any difference whether the child receives a Protestant religious education (evangelical or non-evangelical), a Roman Catholic religious education, or a Jewish religious education (orthodox or reformed)' The form of the ques- tion may be open to the criticism of intolerance, since it excludes from consideration other great historic religions and confines itself to types of ,Judaism and Christianity current in the United States. Thus narrowed, the question admits of two unequivocal answers.

The first unequivocal answer is "No." This answer may arise out of the bewilderment of the man on the street with the religious confusion of the day. His confidence in this or that religion may be shaken while at the same time he retains a vague feeling that religion itself is a good thing. He may be anxious that his children should receive some religious education without at the same time caring what kind it is, so long as it is up-to-date.

Or this answer may arise <iut of a reasoned conviction that the specific characteristics of Christianity (either Protestant or Roman Catholic), Judaism or any other respectable religion, are negligible. The deeper things, which all respectable religions seem to have in common, or ought to have in common; are the essential things. In the old-fashioned days these deeper things would have been called the truths of natural religion-God, freedom, and the immortality of the soul. In those days a general religious education, which would underlie education in any specific religion such as evangelical Christianity, would include in its curriculum instruction in these fundamental realities.

But today the tendency is to regard such truths as the existence of a God who is both transcendent and immanent, and a soul which is not only a unitary personality but also an immortal one, as not only too deep for assimilation with the new knowledge, but of too little practical value in the midst of pressing social problems. According to the newer view, God is only a name for the great human values which adorn life; religion is a life in the social order, motivated by love; religious education has as its aim the development of persons who can live without friction in a democracy, regarded not as a form of government but as a spirit of life. ACcording to this view, it is better that children should not be taught Protestant or Roman Catholic Christianity, or Judaism, since these historic ra- 556 ligions are held to be overloaded with a metaphysical machinery which obscures the true function of any religion, namely, to take eyes of men down from the hills, and keep them on the solid ground where the jostling throngs go to and fro until they die.

One concrete illustration is all that space will allow. Dr. Charles A. Ellwood, in the April number of Religious Education, declares "that the motives to which religious education should primarily appeal. .. are the love of truth and the love of right. or justice …

The motive of love of fellowmen, which is the foundation for the passion for redemption, is the motive which above all others should be appealed to in religious education."

"Teacher, which is the great commandment in the lawf"

" And He said nnto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the great and first commandment."

Obviously, according to Dr. Ellwood's declaration, a child ought not to receive a Roman Catholic religious education, since that Church has always been unenthusiastic, not to say reactionary, about new knowledge. Protestantism is somewhat better, for one of the funda- mental principles of Protestantism is freedom of inquiry and en- couragement in the search for truth. But for Protestantism, the seat of authority is in the Bible, and Biblical religion is certainly not mere humanism, in which God plays the role of a name for the sum of human values. Biblical religion, as Dr. Luther A. Weigle intimates, in the same number of Religious Education, is the religion of the divine initiative. It is a religion of redemption by the grace of God in Christ, which is a very different thing from the religion of social redemption by human effort, motivated by a love of truth and a love of our fellowmen. According to this view, a child ought not to receive a Protestant religious education unless the distinctive features of historic Protestantism are eliminated. Orthodox Judaism would be less satisfactory than Protestantism, but liberal Judaism might, perhaps, be more adaptable in general, with certain dis- advantages. .

Those who hold this view believe that what is really required is a new religion, a syncretistic religion, a religion built up out of the new conceptions and emotionalized by the new democracy. A cur- riculum might be built up-as in certain interdenominational types of week-day schools for religious education it has been built up- out of Old Testament stories and extra-Biblieal material which would be unobjectionable in what it contained, though very objectionable in what it omitted, to old-fashioned Protestants, Roman Catholics, Jews and ethical culturists. Textbooks might be written-as textbooks have been written-which present the new religion of democracy in such a way as to give no offense to anyone except those who still helieve in the old views of God and the world. Democracy as the end

and process of religious education might become the guiding star of a new day, suspiciously like the old positivism in its theory, in which all men should love one another without knowing and loving the God and Father of our Lord and Saviour .Tesus Christ.

The question with which the article opens admits of another unequivocal answer. It does make a difference whether a child receives a Protestant religious education, a Roman Catholic religious education, or.a Jewish religious education. Further, it does make a difference whether a child receives an evangelical Christian education, that is, a New Testament religious education, rather than a non-evangelical Christian education.

It makes a difference, for truth's sake. Love of truth is, indeed, as Dr. Ellwood says, a fundamental motive in right living. Love of truth is the genius of evangelical Christianity. And the truth which evangelical Christians love is the truth about God, as revealed by Him in nature, in the Bible, and most of all in .Jesus Christ; and the truth about man, as an individual and in society, as seen in the light of the truth about God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

Dr. Ellwood's "Reconstruction of Religion" among similar attempts from the sociological point of view, recognizes the necessity of redemption, but in Dr. Ellwood's view that redemption is a social redemption and it is brought about by forces resident in human nature. Evangelical Christianity not only brings the person directly into contact with the living and real God, the God and Father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, but it brings abont that communion by squarely facing the problem of sin, with its corruption and guilt, and solving it by the initiative of God in Jesus Christ. The motives of all moral action, whether individual or social, arise out of this living relationship between the soul and God. Moreover, evangelical religion, while it seeks with all its heart for the realization of the Kingdom of God in the present social order, lifts the horizons until another world is clearly descried, so that a Christian is a citizen of two worlds, and lives in this world as a citizen of Heaven.

It is not too much to say that the contributions which evangelical Christianity has made to civilization, to put the question on a ground congenial to modern thought, have arisen out of the immediacy of the relation between persons and their God, known as holy love and acting as holy love in Jesus Christ. The freedom, the high morality, the invincible courage and zest which are characteristics of historic Christianity arise out of the doctrines distinctive of Biblical religion. For a child to be educated in any other kind or degree of religion is for him to miss the richest and purest heritage of the race, that heritage which is associated with civil liberty on the one hand and the freedom of the soul on the other hand.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING

DO WE KNOW HOW RICH WE AREi Fifty years ago the average man or woman who wanted to prepare missionary programs had access to less than a yard of books. Now each year brings new books with pictures of today, supplanting or supplementing the pictures of yesterday.

Yet even now do we know how rich we are Y Scores of leaders prepare their programs and their plans for the year's work without adequate knowledge. of the new materials which are available. The Educational Secretary of the Missionary Education Movement and other leaders suggest materials which will be most helpful.

NEW MATERIALS FOR MISSION. chapter of "The Debt Eternal," one ARY EDUCATION of the adult study books: By FRANKLIN D. CoGSWELL "'IVe have need to remember that the Educational Secretary of the Missionary Buprem.e debt under which we have been Education Movement placed by our past, by our hope for the future of the race, by our faith in a Divine Home Missions Being and by our belief in the Christ in whom He has been revealed to men, is to " Saving America Through Her teach I}?r children that which has been com· Girls and Boys"-the theme around mit.ted to us through centuries and to enable which the new study books for 1923- them, so far as that is humanly possible, to 1924 have been written-is one that has never before been presented for realize that which we have .struggled toward study to the Christian people of in our best moments and in our highest America by the home mission agencies. aspirations and our most unselfish deeds.

'i So I have called this book i The Debt Eternal.' It is to help us to feel that reo sponsibility to those who come im:mediately For several years the Joint Conunit- and even remotely after us, and then to tee on Home Mission Literature, rep- suggest ways in which that responsibility resenting the Home Mission boards through the Council of Women for can be met through the home, the school, the church and other institutions and agencies of our Christian civilization."

Home Missions and the Missionary Dr. Finley has made a unique con- Education Movement, has been con- tribution to the cause of child welfare in the highest and nnest sense of that sidering the need for a study of term. In a single volume he has American child life. The Committee brought together a great amount of now offers a series of books' that pre- material on child life and child needs sent in a challenging manner many which has not been hitherto accessible in such convenient form for those problems that are of the deepest sig- who are not students of the technical nificance for the America of tomor- literature on the subject. But Dr. row. Finley has done far more than furnish a handy book of study topics; he has —–Dr. John H. Finley says in the first interpreted the whole subject from 1 All or We books mentioned In Wis summary the Christian point of view. In his are published at seventy-five cents In cloth bind- Ing and fitly cenls In paper binding unless otherwise stated. All orders fot" books should be addressed to the denominational mission boards or publishing agencies.

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treatment of such subjects as the re- Mr. Stowell is well prepared ·to in- ligious backgrounds of American life, terpret these facts. For many years Christian influences in the home, and- he has been traveling throughout the the child and the Church, he has made country ,in the interests of the Home a contribution to the literature of our Mission work of several denomina- day that is not only charming in style tions and is the author of a number but of spirifual power. of other volumes-"The Near Side of Dr. Finley's experience has been the Mexican Question," "HoIDie Mis- one that fits him to be a helpful guide sion Trails," "J. W. Thinks Black,"

to all students of child life and edu- etc.

cation. A professor at Princeton, The junior book marks a departure president of the College of the City from the type of children's Home of New York, then Commissioner of Mission material heretofore produced.

Education of the State of New York In response to the increasing demand -he is known as one of America's for lesson courses providing a more great educators. During the WorId fully-rounded educational program War he served as head of the Amer- than that possible through the use of ican Red Cross Commission to Pales- stories alone and also to meet the de- tine, and his record of that experi- mand for courses planned for the use ence-" A Pilgrim in Palestine"- of junior groups in Sunday-schools has had a wide reading. He is an and week-day and vacation schools as elder in the Presbyterian Church, well as in mission bands, the Joint Vice-chairman of the Near East Re- Committee on Home Mission' Liter- lief, and Chairman of the Commission ature has inaugurated with this vol- on International Justice and Good- ume a three year cycle of books for Will of the 1<'ederal Council of the junior lead€'rs to be known as "The Churches of Christ in America. As Better America Series." The first one of the editors of the New York book bears the title "Better Amer- Times, Dr. Finley is wielding a large icans" by Joyce C. Manuel, one of influence in the public life of the the children's division workers on the nation. staff of the Congregational Education Groups of adults and young people Society and author of "The Junior desiring a somewhat shorter and Citizen. " The purpose of the course simpler treatment of the same theme is to enlist bovs and girls in the enterwill find an admirable book in "The prise of making a better America. Child and America's Future" by Jay The subjects of the twelve lessons S. Stowell. The same general topics are: are treated-health, recreation, child Better Americans, labor, public education, religious edu- A Land of Pleuty, cation, and the assets America has in her child life. The book contains six Thrift, Education, Regard for Things Beautiful, chapters and is designed to treat in a Getting and Using Money, definite way the particular work of Justice, Reverence, the Home Mission boards in the edu- Respect for Law, cation and care of children. Mr. Loyalty, Stowell challenges the Church people Being Trne to God, of America to give heartier support Who Are Good Americans'

to the many Home Mission enterprises Each lesson contains suggestions that are responsible for a great va- for worship, stories, topics for discus- riety of service to children, especially sion, and -lists of sources for other use- in the" marginal" communities. The ful materials; in addition there Are extent to which the welfare of chil- suitable projects of service involving dren in great sections of the country study, dramatizations, handwork, etc., rests upon the Home Mission boards which run througb the course and has never been sufficiently recognized which relate definitely to the work of by the general Church public. the Home Mission boards.

BEST METHODS

A set of primary picture stories on terpreter of the Japanese to Amer- a related theme is in course of prep- icans. For twenty years he was aration. Senior Secretary of the International There will also be an extra book, Conunittee of the Y. M. C. A. in general in character, entitled "For a Japan. In that period he served at New America," by Coe Hayne. This different times as president of the volume serves as a much needed in- Federated Missions of Japan, as See- troduction to the Home Missionary retary of the Japan Continuation enterprise as a whole for use with Committee, and as editor of the Japan students and other young people's Evangelist.

groups. It points out the many For use in women '8 program meetvaried phases of Christian life service ingi'! and in classes desiring a book that Home Missions offer today. The treating especially of the life of girls chapter titles indicate the scope of and women in Japan, Central Comthe treatment: mittee has published " The Woman 1. Country Life Work, and the Leaven in Japan,') by Miss II. The New Prontier (City work), Oharlotte De Forest, the daughter of one of the distinguished pioneer mis- III. The }'irst Americans, IV. 'fhe Negro in America, V. Mexicans North of the Rio Grande, sionaries of the American Board. Her VI. Some Spiritual Forces in Industrial _ opportunities for intimate acquaint- Reconstruction. ance with the life and spirit of the Each chapter is followed by ques- people have been unusual and her tions and topics for discussion. Dr. book shows a deep insight into sig- Alfred Williams Anthony has con- nificant movements and trends of tributed a helpful introduction and thought among the Japanese. As Dr. Charles Emerson Burton's prac- president of Kobe College she is one tical statement on home mission serv- of the leaders in Christian education ice, "Life Investment in America," in the Empire-a subject treated with is carried as an appendix. thoroughness in her book. At the Foreign Mission Study Books same time she gives many interesting pictures of the life of those classes of It ha~ been many years since a women in Japan, not touched by the thorough study of Japan has been educational work of Christian agenundertaken in the American churches cies, and makes a strong appeal for and most of the previous study books the strengthening of the Christian on Japan have been long out of print. witness to them.

The new books of this year are, there- "Japan on the Upward Trail" by fore, especially welcome and the in- William Axling, published by the terdenominational literature on this Missionary Education Movement, is theme represents the joint planning planned especially for the use of of the Central Committee on the middle and upper teen-age readers.

United Study of Foreign Missions and In simple and graphic form it pre- the Missionary Education Mov€'lllent. sellts the facts regarding the history "Creative Forces in Japan" by of the Christian Movement in Japan Galen M. Fisher will not only be use- and its present problems; but its ful for study and discussion groups chapters are mainly devoted to a of adults but it will take its place in series of sketches of outstanding J apa- the current literature on Japan for nese Christians and missionaries. Mr.

general readers as an authoritative Axling has been, for about twenty and balanced book on that country. years, a missionary of the American Mr. Fisher '8 experience has brought Baptist Foreign Mission Society and him into very close touch with many is in charge of the Misaki Tabernacle phases of Japanese life and has given in Tokyo, a great institutional church him a wide acquaintance that makes that is outstanding among the Chris- him well equipped to serve as an in- tian agencies that are pioneering in S

the extension of the Christian mes- (see "The Christian Movement in Japan, I!ag"c among the industrial classes in Korea and Formosa," 1922 edition, page the new Japan. 30).

For leaders of boys and girls of in- 1. The Japanese Nation. By Dr. Inazo termediate age there is provided a Nitobe. pp. 348. new course of lessons entitled "Young Japan: A Handbook for Leaders of Exchange lectures delivered by Dr. Intermediate Groups' '1 by Mabel Nitobe in the United States. This Ga,rdner Kerschner, formerly on the circumstance accounts for the popular staff of the Department of Religious style and treatment characteristic of Education at 'reachers College, Co- the book. The land, the people and lumbia University, and well known as the life of Japan are discussed with a leader of classes in methods of mis- special reference to the relations besionary education in summer confer- tween Japan and the United States. ences. The handbook contains stories, Dr. Nitobe has contributed in this suggestions for worship, instruction, work to a better understanding bedramatization, class or group proj- tween the nations on the opposite ects, service activities, etc. It may shores of the Pacific. form the basis of a series of lessons on Japan with a minimum of addi- 2'. Real Japanese Question. By K. Kawational material. It also includes ref- kami. pp. 269. erences to· other publications for groups that wish to expand the course. Americall·Japanese Relations. By the same author. pp. 370. '1'he Missionary Education Movement has also prepared a new series What Japan Thinks. By the same of maps of Japan, one of which, show- author. pp. 237. ing the mission stations, appears in the study books and has been enlarged Japan in the World Politios. By the for wall use! There are also outHne Bame author. pp. 300. maps for class use; one for the walP and one for individual use.3 There Mr. Kawakami is a propagandist in is a variety of books, stories, pictures, the good sense of the word. His writand handwork for children of junior ings have had as their aim the clearing and primary grade, described else- away of misunderstandings between where in this issue. .Japan and the United States. He has presented to the American readers the ENGLISH BOOKS BY JAPANESE viewpoints of .Tapanese thinkers and he has interpreted the attitude of the By GEORGE GLEASON Oriental towards the white race as no other Japanese writer has done. American., would not be satisfied if teachers and leeturers who are speaking on 3. Japan, Q.nd the Californ,w, ProMem. By the subjeet of America obta.i.twd aU of their T. Iyenaga and K:. ·Sato. information from books written by people of other lands. Every Mission Study leader Prof. Iyenaga, of the University of who is in charge of a course on Japan should Chicago, like Mr. Kawakami, has done read some of the best books by Japanese much to interpret the Japanese point authors. Mr. George Gleason, formerly of view with reference to American- Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Kobe, and ll.ow of .Japanese problems. According to Los Angeles, Califorrvia!, the author of Prof. Iyenaga, and we think he is cor- "What Shall We Think of Japan?" has rect, "the question of assimilation is prepared the following list of books by the heart of the California problem." Japanese authors. They may be had at public libraries, at Mission Board Head· 4. p·ress and Politics in Japan. By K. quarters, or from the publishers. Kawabe. pp. 190., With a few exceptions the following are The author of this book is a proselected from a list of 58 books by Japanese fessor in the University of Chicago. authors mentioned by Dr. S. H. Wainwright What he has to say about the forma- tion of public opinion and the strug- 1 Price: Paper only, 40 cents. gle for the freedom of the press in modern Japan is interesting to the 1 Price, 60 cents. 2 Price, 25 cents. 8 Price, foreign reader. 25 cents per dozen. 5. The Voice of the Japanese Dem(Jcrac'll. By Yukio Ozaki, M.P. pp. 108.

Mr. Ozaki was Minister of Justice art in its relation to Buddhist ideals in the Okum,a Cabinet and the intro- and with special reference to Japan.

duction to this volume is written by 9. Sermons of a Bud<fMst Abbot. By Marquis Okuma. The book is an Es- Shaku Soyen. Translated by D. T. say on Constitutional Loyalty and Suzuki. pp. 227.

seeks to show that democratic prin- These discourses contain exposi- ciples may accord with the monarchial tions of Buddhist doctrines, including form of government. an interpretation of the celebrated 6. Rep"p-sentative Tales of Japan. Trans· sutra of forty-two sections. The Ab- lated by Arotaro Miyamori, of the bot spoke at the ParliamBnt of Reli- Keio University, and revised by Ed- gions at Chicago.

ward Clarke, of the Tokyo Higher 10. The Faith of Japan. By Dr. T. Ha- Normal College. Sanseido, Tokyo. rada. pp. 119.

"Little masterpieces" reproduced Excellent expositions of the historic from present day Japanese writers. religions of Japan written by a well The aim of the translator is to include known Christian leader. "almost all the authors who have contributed in some way or other to 11. How I Became a Christian. By Kanzo creating and enriching the new liter- Uehimura. ature of the present era. " The spirit of literature in modern Europe Representative Men of Japan. By breathes in these stories by Japanese the S3me author. pp. 187. Keiauthors, especially the realism which Beisha, T'okyo. insists upon "truth to nature." The first book here mentioned is 7. N amilco. By Rokwa Tokutomi. pp. widely known_ The earnest, though 392. Translated by Mr. Shioya, with somewhat eccentric faith of the author introduction by I. Goldberg. is dellcribed, in its origin, when he was a student at Sapporo, and in its subsequent development.

The Japanese title of this popular In the second volume, Mr. Uchistory is "Hototogisu," a story of war, mura gives, in his characteristic and intrigue and love. The interest to the interesting style, sketches of some of foreign reader will not be so much in the men in Japanese history. As a the story itself, however impelling, as writer, he is incisive and always inin its portrayal of the conflicting for- structive. ces at work in present-day Japanese society. The oppressive nature of the 12. Across the Death-line. Japan Chronold family system is shown in con- icle Press. Kobe. flict with new ideals from the West. A translation of the famous novel 8. NichVren, The Buddhist Prophet. By by Kagawa Toyohiko, which has sold Prof. Anesaki. pp. 171. by the hundred thousand in Japanese. Unique as a picture. of the seamy side B'uddhist Art of JapOJn. By the same of life in modernized Japan and the author. struggle for a higher life persisting in the grimmest surroundings. Prof. Anesaki, of the Tokyo Imperial University, is an author in 13_ Social ana Religious Problems of the Buddhism. He has written in Eng- Orient. By Anesaki, Masaharu. The Macmillan Co., N. Y_ 1923.

lish on wider subjects than mat,ters Earl Lectures. Fresh and penerelating to Japan. His book on trating discussions by an authority "Nichiren" is a mirror of the life on Oriental religious and social condiand teachings of one of the most in- tions. teresting characters in Japanese religious history. 14. A Gentleman in Prison. By Ishii, Tokichi. George H. Doran Co., New The large volume on the Buddhist York. 1922.

art of Japan contains four lectures The eonwrsion or a confessed mur- given at the Museum of Fine Arts in derer, simply, but movingly told by Boston, besides numerous illustra- himself and translated by A. Caroline tions. The author discusses Buddhist MacDonald.

FIRST HAND INFORMATION played as story is told, are included The year's Home Mission theme in the set, priced at 50 cents. In adshould chaHenge local as well as national groups to gather first-hand in- dition to their place in the regular formation. Federations of churches and missionary societies will be sure study periods or programs, these sto,rof interesting and fruitful meetings in the fall, if they begin now to ies may be told at story hours or m make their programs. Such a statement as the following, made by a Sunday-school classes, or day schools. prominent judge of the Juvenile Court and the Court of Domestic Re- There is a wealth of picture material lations might be sent to a representative of each cooperating group: in the two picture sheets, "America "Day after day I am consigning to at Home" and "Children of the Roman Cath olie institutions children of Protestant parents became there is no door City," priced at 25 cents each. of a Protestant home for children open to them. When will the Protestant Church A year in Japan ~lls the hearts. ~f learn the value of a child as Rome knows iU" the boys and girls WIth keenest antICI- With the statement, send a request pation. Miss Applegarth's Junior that each group make investigations covering the possibilities which face ibsoosk~ "The Honorable Japanese Fan" a child who must be placed in some full of the most fascinating home by the court. There should be careful study of the Juvenile Court; stories of Japanese life that it will of the possibilities for play and recreation; of the schools; of child labor be eagerly read by the childrel!-. Two laws and conditions; and of the child and the Church. missionaries representing dIfferent In planning for speakers, introduce Boards say that it contains the most some new voices this year. A doctor or a nurse from the children '8 ward remarkable collection of stories of in a hospital; a policeman who knows something about the conditions that .Tapan they have ever seen and that should be remedied; a judge of a juvenile court- or one of his associates. the< stories are wonderfully true to Rural societies may make a COID!- munity or a county study. Amazing Japanese life. Miss Applegarth has discoveries have been made by earnest people who have set themselves to the prepared also the Manual for Leaders. task cjf studying the problems and possibilities of child life in America. The Japan Primary Stories Set contains six pictures, 9×14 inches, and THIS IS CHILDREN'S YEAR a pamphlet with six stories. There are two picture sheets with pictures The Home Mission theme places the of "The People of Japan" and" Boys child in the midst. "Better Americans" by Joyce C. Manuel, gives the and Girls of Japan." Price 50 cents. plan for a twelve weeks' course, which a(lmits of adaptation to local groups. Each sheet is a twelve page folder The subject for the new Home Mis- with descriptive text, so that they sion Primary Picture Stories is may be used as materials of mission- "Helping Uncle Sam." Six stories ary education in scrap-books, posters, each, with a large picture to be dis- charts and other forms of handwork. Among the handwork materials is "Directions for Making a Japanese House." On a sheet of paper is out- lined a cut-out of a Japanese house with correct furnishings. Instruc- tions are given for coloring. The pat- tern furnishes materials for making an interesting project. The price is 25 cents.

"Taro" is'a book of primary stories of Japan which is published by the United Council for Missionary Edu- cation in Great Britain. It is illus- h'ated in colors and will be a delight to the little folks and to their teachers who are on the lookout for simple stories for the little folks. Price 75 cents.

"IJeaves from a Japanese Calen- dar" is a delightful book for boys and

1923J BEST METHODS

girls by Emma Gerberding Lippard. an Who Saw;" a fitting companion The twelvE' chapters of the book center piece would be The Woman Who around the flower calendar of Japan Heard.

and present the life of Japanese chil" rt is The Woman-Who-Didn't- dren throughout a year with the fes- Hear however, who saved the day for tivals and ceremonies of the various a convention and furnished a good months beginning with "Taro Takes missionary method. The first speaker His Age, In the Month of the, Pine. " was a charming little woman with a This book gives Japanese home life as gentle voice that scarcely threw sound only a woman who has gonE' in and waves to the occupants of pews six out of Japanese homes for many years feet away. In the rear of the church can picture it. Price 50 cents. Pub- no one could hear a word the speaker lished by Literature Headquarters, was saying. A deadly listlessness be- 844 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. gan to settle upon the meeting. Then Dramatizations the Woman-Who-Didn't-Hear quietly arose and walked out. In a few The dramatic program for the year moments she returned with a large promises to be good. "Sunlight and piece of cardboard in her hand. On Candlelight" by Helen L. Wilcox has the cardboard was printed in clear been given by many churches but is tw€,lve inch letters the word of new interest this year. Price 25 "LOUDER." She held it up until cents. jt caught the speaker's eye. Sud- "Alice Through the Postal Card" denly she became' aware of the fact is one of the best of the many good that she was speaking to people who dramatizations for Juniors written by were not hearing her message. She Anita B. Ferris. Price 15 cents. began to speak to the woman who held " The Way" is a new pageant of the eard and her 'Voice filled the Japan by Laura Scherer Copenhaver, church. Thereafter during the three and Katharine Scherer Cronk. Price convention days, The Woman-Who- 15 cents. Didn't-Hear quietly raised her poster " America's Unfinished Battles" by when speakers seemed to be uncon- Fred Eastman is one of the most elab- scious of the audience in the rear orate and effective pageants published seats. Always she was rewarded by recently. It requires a cast of from clearer, more forceful tones, easily sixty to one hundred and fifty people heard by all. The method was more and urges upon America the impor- effective and less embarrassing and tance of not losing her ideals in her explosive than calls of "louder" from pride of achievement. Price 25 cents. various parts of the auditorium.

The Department of Missionary Ed- Announcement and Invitation ucation of the Baptist Board of Edu- cation, 275 Fifth Ave., New York Among the topics to be presented City, is publishing a series of Dra- in the coming months in the Best matic Missionary Sketches. The first Methods Department are: is based upon "Japan," and is pre- Effective Missionary Publicity, pared by Mrs. Daisy Earle Fish (25 Reaching the Unreachable, cents). This includes five sketches To Have and to Circulate Mission- and one short pageant entitled, "The ary Libraries, Winning of Japan." The second ser- Best Methods from Sum mer ies of six sketches, based upon "Sav- Schools. ing A.merica Through Her Boys and Readers of the REVIEW are invitea Girls," and is prepared by Mrs. to send to the editor methods or sug- Daisy Earle Fish (25 cents). gestions on any of these subjects or on any other subjects, and to suggest THE WOMAN WHO DIDN'T BEAR other topics they would like to have We have read much of "The Worn- discussed.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QVINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK GOD WANTS THE BOYS AND GIRLS The theme of the present book, as God wants the boys" the merry, merry boys, the author states it, is "The Eternal Debt of Maturity to Childhood and The noisy boys, the funny boys, The thoughtless boys. Youth. " Our splendid heritage of God wants the boys with all their joys, art, of all literature and especially the That He as gold may make them pure, Bible, and our own national inheri- tance, America – the wonder of the And teach them trials to endure. His heroes brave He'd have them be, land, its wealth, and the spirit of our Fighting for truth pioneer ancestry – must be trans- And purity. mitted to all our children "in a lan- God wants the boys. guage in which aU can understand one God wants the girls, the happy-hearted girls, another. " Every child, no matter The loving girls, the best of girls, where he was born, must have "his The worst of girls. spiritual inheritance and see America He wants to make the girls His pearls, (as Abraham saw the Land of Canaan) as a land of promise but a And so reflect His holy face, And briog to mioit His wondrous grace, That beautiful . land in which all shall confess them- The world may be, selves as strangers and pilgrims on And filled with love this earth, desiring (as Abraham) a And purity. better country, that is, an heavenly." God wants the girls.-Selected.

The most important factor in a HOME MISSION LITERATURE child's training is his home, but the THEME FOE 1923-1924-"SAVING AMERICA community may determine the kind of environment which it is possible THROcGH IIF..R. GIB.LS AND BoyS" for the home to have. When every- The Debt Eternal' – This de- one realizes that a child may be mal- tailed study is by Dr. John H. Finley, nourished, although he seems well; on€' of the editors of the N ew York that play, far from being only a Times. In 1910-11, he was the Har- pastime, is the real business of child- vard University exchange lecturer on hood; and that there are thousands the Hyde ]'oundation at the Sorbonne, of children in America who, through and recently, for his distinguished poverty or ignorance, are missing the services to the intellectual world, he normal rights of children to health was crowned by the Academie Fran- and recreation-then the community caise. Before the war he was Commis- may fulfill its duties. Obviously, it is sioner of Education for the State of the place of the Church to lead in this New York, and was appointed as awakening. "The Debt Eternal"

Special Envoy by the Regents of that cannot fail to stimulate thought and state on the Educational Mission to action.

France in 1917. During the war he The Child and Am.erioo's Future 1 served on the American Army Edu- -For groups desiring a somewhat less cational Committee. Previous books intensive survey of the theme, Jay S.

by Vr. Finley, "The French in the Stowell, author of "Home Mission Heart of America," "A Pilgrim in Trails," and other books, has written Palestine, " and others, besides his a practical and readable book, which contributions to American reviews, may also be used as a basis for prohave placed his conclusions as authori- gram meetings. The topics of the tative in the minds of the reading last chapter summarize the author's desire-a healthier, more intelligent public.

566 America, better provisions for using dren may put into practice the ideas leisure time, and better religious train- gained.

ing for American youth. In all parts For a New America 1_As an in- of the country, chi:ldren are in need spiration to college students and other of the very basis of citizenship, phy- young people, Coe Hayne, author of sical care, and in need of definite re- "By-Paths to Forgotten Folk, "

ligious training such as cannot be "Race Grit" and other books, in this effected through the three quarter- new volume presents the varied pos- bour Sunday-school class. Convinc- sibilities of the- home mission enter- ing statistics prove that juvenile de- prise through stories of young men linquency decreases where religious and women serving in difficult places.

instruction by competent teachers is The first chapter, that on country life made an adjunct to the public school work, relates the experience of a pas- curriculum. We bave the opportunity tor in a small Pennsylvania town. The to keep America a nation of Christian citizens were deaf to all appeals for character through her future citizens. progress. In his effort to get a new Mr. Stowell defines the important community hall be- found himself ap- place the Church should play in the pointed II: committee of one to begin community life of young people, and construction. The next morning with states the means to be employed to pick and shovel, "the committee com- attain that place. menced to function." His spirit elec- Better Americans2 by Joyce Con- trified the townsfolk to such a degree stance Manuel, is the first volume that they came to the rescue and com~ in a three-year cycle to be- called" The pleted the building. Other chapters Better Ameriea Series; Junior Home tell of life among the Indians, Negroes Mission Courses." It is intended for and Mexicans north of the Rio Grande leaders of groups between the ages of and in cosmopolitan centers. The nine and eleven, and is a complete twelve weeks' program. The topics stories have a real appeal tbrough the include: Thrift, Education, Love of personality of the characters and the description of the work. Suggestive Beauty, .Tustice, Reverence, and questions and topics for discussion are Loyalty. The author says: "The plaeed at the end of. each chapter.

course aims to give training in Cbris- America's Unfinished Battles 3_ tian citizenship, and to give a chance A general home mission pageant has for the group to do some' good citizen- been prepared by Fred Eastman, ship' work. This is accomplished by author of "Playing Square with Torepresenting America as one of the morrow," and "Unfinished Business." caretakers in God's world, and that it It shows America hesitating between is our 'job' to make America a good smug patriotism that clings only to caretaker, so that she will be able to the glories of the past and real pa- hold that position creditably. Then triotism that meets the needs of a new we proceed to find out how this can be day with progrcssive ideals of service.

done, both finding out what we must Thel'e win be S ltgg estions to Leaders do and getting others to help. " of Stu dy Clagse.~ 4 to accompany" The The method of study is through Debt Eternal." Ralph A. Felton is games, stories, conversation, and Ian- the author of Suggestions to Leaders tern slides. The book is full of con- of Study Classes" using "The Child crete suggestions as to how the chil- and America's Future." "Better Americans" and" For a New Amer- NOTE :-All the material mentioned, with the ica" contain in the books themselves exception of the pkture sheets, is publisb€d the suggestions for study and need no jointly by the Council of Women for Home Mis- supplement. "Helping Uncle Sam" 5 8j~ns and the Missionary Education Movement is the title of tbe six newPrimary Picand may be obtained from the Council. Room 1123, 156 Fifth Ave,. New York City.

1 Price: Cloth, 75 cents: paper, 50 ""ntB. ture Stories collected and edited by s Price: 25 centB, 4 Price: 15 cents. 2 Price: 60 cents. 6 Price: 50 cents. Mrs. H. N. Price. No new picture

sheets have been published as "Amer- RECRUITING THE HOME MISSION ica at Home"3 and "Children of the FORCE CitY,"3 published in previous years by From the report of the Committee ot the the Missionary Education Movement, Home Missions Council and Council of Women are each well adapted to use in con- for Home Missions for 1922, William S. Beard, chairman.

nection with the theme of this year. There has never been a time in our RUTH T. MELCHER. history when it was so easy to direct the lives of young people in general BOOKS! BOOKS! BOOKS! and the student classes in particular Books! Books! Books! into Christian service as it is today. And we thank Thee, God, Not only the students in our colleges and preparatory schools, but also tfJ.e For the gift of them; young people in our churches are }'or the glorious reach ready and waiting, provided someone will furnish them with a program of And the lift of them; activity. Concrete evidence of such For the gleam in them tendencies is furnished by the ex- And the dream in them; perience of one Board. Forty-six ap- For the things they teach pointments were made for temporary And the souls they reach! For the maze of them, And the blaze of them, For the ways they open to us, And the rays that they shoot through us! Christian service during the summer Books! Books! Books! months. Over two hundred young people offered themselves. The Board And we thank Thee, God, in question dared not undertake any For the light in them; campaign for workers because of the For the might in them; fact that numbers way beyond its capacity would have offered them- For the urge in them selves. The Boards have only to make And the surge in them; For the souls they wake And the paths they break; For' the gong in them known opportunities for service and there will be an abundant response. And the song in them; The question is how long the young For the throngs of folks they bring to us, people will be of this mind, unless the And the songs of hope they sing to ns!

Books! Books! Books! churches are able to utilize in full And we thank Thee, God, measure the resources available.

For the deep in them; ••• For the rhythmic swing And sweep of them; Rev. Raymond Calkins, D.D., of For the croon in them, Cambridge, Mass., well known for And the boon in them; many years as a religious force in stu- dent communities and conferences, is For the prayers they pray preparing !l publication in which the And the doubts they slay; Church will be constructively consid- For the ito in them ered in its challenge to college stu- And the true in them; dents and young people generally. For the blue skies they shew us And the new stars that they strew ns.

-Wm. L. BUdger.

••• Prepare ns, Lo'rd, for this great work of Thine By Thine own process; we know not the way To fit ourselves,; we only grope; the day Is thine; its light a ray from Thee divine, Illnmes the path where Thou wouldst have it shine; And in Thy light our own poor strnggling ray Gets new encouragement until we say, With longing hearts, "Thy will be done, not mine." Then we are ready; then Thou wilt use our powers To spread Thy Kingdom and bnild up Thy Canse; And Thou wilt make onr consecrated hours Our sunniest: nor will the world's applanse Affect onr sen'ice, for we look to Thee For all we have and all we hope to be.-Selected.

Woman's Foreign Mission

'Editorial Committee: MRS. HENR.Y W. PEABODY, ALICE M. KYLE, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ AN EXAMPLE TO UNBELIEVERS study our institutions and civilization, Why should a Federation of W Oill- when certain legislators, governors and en's Foreign Missionary Societies be courts attempt to disregard or break interested in law enforcement in the down righteous law Y Not only must United States ¥ This is a natural we prevent the former legalized liquor question in view of the fact that the traffic, which has now become a crime, Executive Committee of the Federa- from locating itself in nations like tion passed a resolution in favor of the China, but we must prove our sinlaw enforcing the 18th Amendment cerity in supporting all law and aboland took the initiative in calling to- ishing evils through regular process gether the great organizations of wom- of law. en at a meeting held at 25 Madison Avenue, May 17th, when a National It is not easy for our missionaries Committee of One Hundred was or- to meet the taunts of those who know ganized for" Enforcement of law and our shame in some of these matters, aHegiance to the Constitution." for there are no secrets in the world today. What is done in New York The women's organizations that and Chicago and San Francisco is have appointed representatives on this known the next morning in Tokyo, Committee are: Shanghai and Rio Janeiro. The wom- en of California, led by Mrs. Paul General Federation of Woman's Clubs, Raymond, Kathleen Norris and other National Congress of Mothers and Parent· loyal Christian women, through their Teacher Association, March of Allegiance in San Francisco, Daughters of the American Revolution, helped to turn the tide for enforce- Young Women's Christian Association, ment of the Volstead Act in Cali· International Order of King's Daughters, fornia. We need such demonstrations Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign in other cities of our land, with Missions, thorough mastery and presentation of Council of Women for Home Missions. facts, so that all women's organiza- tions in every community may get to- Others will follow, making a united gether for patriotic service. A probody of fifteen millions of wom€'ll. gram and literature will be prepared and sent out through the affiliated or- The Executive Committee will ganizations in the early fall. Withundertake investigation, education, out great expense, we can by volunpublication of facts, with suggested tary service do what politicians have remedies, and a practical program for states and communities needing direction.

It is of vital interest to our foreign thus far failed to do, not only for mission societies and their missions on national but for world welfare. We the fields of the world that our own must unite as Christian women to keep country be not discredited as a nation our own country above reproach in of law·breakers. What have we to say the eyes of the nations. to a bandit-ridden country of Asia if The women of the Presbyterian our own Government breaks down in Board of Foreign Missions in the laws affecting the morals and wen-be- U. S. A. represents 600,000 voters ing of 110,000,000 of people with every while the Methodist Episcopal Church advantage of education and enlighten- enrolls 400,000 women. With the other ment Y What impression is made on Boards in our Federation, the Council foreign students who have come to of Women for Home Missions and 569

the Young Woman's Christian Asso- E. Adams, 2033 East 88th Stroot, ciation, Christian women, if they Cleveland, Ohio. take their responsibility seriously, can 5. Dallas, Texas, Sept. 23·28, School of secure righteous law and complete en- Missions. Chairman, Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, Dallas, forcement. A pamphlet will be issued Texas. in the early fall giving a program and material for educational work. 6. Deland, Florida, Sehool of Missions, Deland, FhHida, Feb. 4-9, 1923. Chairman, Mrs. J. W. Smock, 320 North Boulevard, Deland, Florida.

SUMMER SCHOOLS AND CONFER- 7. Dilxon, Illinois, School of Missions, ENCES OF 1923 Dixon, Illinois, Auguat 6-11, 1923.

MRS. J. HA.RVEY BORTON, ClwJirma,n 8. Greenville, Ill., School of Missions, Greenville, Ill., .July 17-21, 1923.

Nearly every month of the year has Chairman, Mrs. J. D. Bragg, Webster at least one Missionary Confer€'Ilce, Groves, Mo. but not all are affiliated with the Fed- 9. Houston, Texas, School of Missions, Houston, Texas, Oct. 1·5. Chairman, eration. Attendance and interest have Mrs. C. C. Weaver, 6907 Sherman steadily grown and we are expecting Ave., RDuston, Texas. 10. Kerrville School of Missions, Kerrville, the 1923 conferences will be the most Texas, July 3l-Aug. 4, 1923. Chairfruitful ever held. man, Mrs. J. L. Brock, Box 411, Increased emphasis upon the secur- Brya,n, Texas. ing of subscriptions to the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD at the 1922 11. Lake Geneva School of Missions, Lake conferences resulted in about 400 sub- Geneva, Wis., June 25-July 2, 1923. Chairman, Mrs. R. M. Pem-e, 5759 Winthrop Avenue, Chicago, Ill.

scriptions and renewals. (There may 12. Lakeside School of Missio"", Lakeside, Ohio, July 22-27, 1923. Chairman, have been more which were not re- Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, 515 Clinton Bldg., ported.) Two hundred and one sub- Columbus, Ohio. scriptions to Everyland were reported. 13. Los Angeles School of Missions, Los A room was set aside for prayer in Angeles, Calif., June 4-9,' 1923. some of the conferences, and many Cha,irman (Prog. Com.), Mrs. A. W. problems were solved through united Rider, 612 St. Paul Ave., Los Angeles. prayer. This prayer fellowship and 14. Minnesota Summer School of MiSSions, St. Paul, Minn., ,June 4-9, 1923.

quickening of community conscious- Chairman, Mrs. Elijah Barton, 2811 ness and responsibility create a desire Second Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. for such fellowship when the delegates return home. Thus the work of loca~ 15. Mt. Lake Park School of MissiDns, Mt. Federations and Church Secretaries Lake Park, Md., August 1-7, 1923. Chairman, Mrs. May L. Woodruff, Allendale, N. ,T, is stimulated. 16. Mt. Hermon, Calif., School of Missions, Theo following is the list of the Mt. Hermon, Calif., June 24-30, 1923. affiliated schools for 1923. In addi- Chairman, Mrs. Paul Raymond, Sa,nta tion to these schools there is a large Monica Way, San FranciBco, Calif. number of denominational missionary 17. New Orleans School of Missions, New Orleans, La., November, 1923. Chair- conferences which are attended by man, Mrs. W. B. Sommerville, 1718 representatives of different denomina- Palmer Ave., New Orlea"", La. tions ; 18. Northfield School of Missions, North. 1. Baltimore School of Missions, Balti- field, Mass., .July 13-21, 1923. Chair- more, Md., November. Chairman, man, Mrs. W. E. Waters, 126 Clare· Mrs. B. A. Rellman, 3017 Baker St., mont Ave., New York. Baltimore, Md. 19. Oklahoma City School of Missions, 2. Boulder Sehool of Missions, Bonlder, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, June 4-9, Colo., June 20-27, 1923. Chairman, 1923. Chairman. Mrs. F. H. Fox, Mrs. A. A. Reed, 670 Marion Street, 1946 W. Park, Oklahoma City, Okla. Denver, Colorado. 20. St. Petersburg School of Missions, St. 3. Chambersburg School of Missions, Petersburg, l<'lorida, Jan. 28·February Chambersburg, Pa., June 27-July 5, 2. 1923. Chairman, Mrs. G. W. 1923. Chairman, Miss Mary C. Pea- Cooper, St. Petersburg, Florida.

cock, Torresdale, Pa. 21. W~nona Lake School of Missions, 4. Chautauqua School of Missious, Chau· WhlOna Lake, Indiana, June 18-25, tauqua, N:ew Y,?rk. August 26-Sep- 1923. Chairman, Mrs. R. M. Peare, teUlber 1, 1923. Chail'man, Mrs. T. 5759 Winthrop Avenue, Chicago, TIl.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

The Delegate to the Summer School our colleges were doing to help. No. 3 is "The Campus World" and aU It matters much whether those who through rings out the challenge, "You attend our summer schools are prac- have built – will you maintain 1" tical and effective in their ideas and There is a picture of the New Hostel methods. No one should go to a sum- at :Madras (m the front cover and the mer school for her own personal en- new Social and Athletic building at joyment and benefit alone. She will Ginling, built by one of its sisters, not fail to get personal benefit and Smith College, on the last page. Inblessing, but she has no right to hold side are "Exchanges" – pictures of it as an individual. If she is inarticu- two of our girls who are teaching late, let her invite some one to ac- there and two of their girls who are company her who can translate the preparing here. Over one hundred experienee into action, in her own colleges have adopted a "sister colchurch, society, branch, association or lege," giving annually to its support synod. 'rhere are so many helpful and more are constantly coming into classes and suggestions, sueh a wealth this great sisterhood. The Building of literature, such uplift from ad- Campaign coming to a successful close dresses, such a building up through adds only a greater responsibility; Bible study, all to be taken and shared with new equipment and larger dorwith those who can be channels of dis- mitory space, more girls are entering tribution through voice or pen or by and we must maintain. The Bulletin means of a children's group, a young is primarily" Students for Students," woman's class, a half-asleep woman's but we have much demand for it from society, or through one's own personal the women as well, who want to keep friends. If you go, take home literature and order more. This is your in constant touch with the students of one opportunity to select from the the Orient, and to all who have genrich stores of other Boards and sup- erously given and learned to know plement your own. We study Japan and love comes this challenge, " You this year. Ilet us become specialists have built-will you maintain 1" in things Japanese in their relation to the Kingdom of God. *' *' *'

Student Bulletin No.3 The Joint Committee of the Union Christian Colleges of the Orient has The third number of the "News made a remarkable financial record. Bulletin" has just been sent out to a Through careful management, the thousand of our colleges here in the funds have been invested so promptly United States. These little eight-page that the interest accruing even for a folders bring to the students the latest few months has met every dollar of news notes from the Union Christian expense. These were slight at most, Colleges of the Orient. They are 'published spring and fall each year. No. as so much of the service rendered 1 showed the needs and urged the was voluntary, hut the 2'% of the fund Building Fund. No. 2 was called of $3,000,000 expended for office, "Foundations," having pictures of printing, postage and travel during buildings in construction and what the two years of the campaign is en- tirely covered by the interest and every cent of every dollar given will go to the Colleges.

Plans for the Coming Bulletins August.-Some feat.ures of Federation Work. September.-Report of the International Missionary Council, Oxford. October.-Letters from Students in Oriental Colleges for Womoo.

FROM.l1rANY

NORTH AMERIVA Women's Board of Home Missions, A New Appeal to Students the Board of Church Erection, the T HE Brethren or Dunkards as they Freedmen's Board, the Missionary are often calied, are conducting a campaign to enlist large numbers of Department of their Board of Publicollege students in the cause. of religious idealism. The recrmts for cation and Sabbath School Work, and foreign se'IVice represent one class, but students are also recruited for the their Committee on Evangelization home field on the basis of practicing the same self-denial as that on the and on Chaplains. The new Board foreign field. The unique feature of the challenge is that students are also has elected Dr. John A. Marquis its invited to pledge their lives as moneymakers for the support of the Church, general secretary, and as president and are a~ked to promise to live on the same scale as missionaries and to Dr. Joseph A. Vance, of Detroi~, devote their surplus to religious work. -Christia,n Centtlry. whose brother, James 1. Vance, 1S Prayer in a Mine chairman of the Executive Committee of the Southern Presbyterians' Board of Foreign Missions. Mrs. Fred S.

tBheennWetot~ewnh'so has been president of Board of Foreign Mis- sions is the first vice-president. The Board will not completely organize until September. The present boards will probably continue to function un- til the end of the calendar year.

DAILY prayer services in a coal Church Union in Cleveland mine are something unusual, but why should not such services be held MEETING on May 7th in joint in other mines than in those of the session, the Cleveland (Ohio) VaIie'r Coal Company, near Duquoin, Presbytery and the Congregational Illinois T There each morning, before Union voted unanimously to carry on the men go to their work, a short their local church extension and misprayer service is held at the bottom of sionary work in complete cooperation. the shaft, while the miners stand The two bodies separately ratified the reverently with uncovered heads. action of the joint session. The This is a recognition of God, and a method of cooperation will consist of looking to Him for protection in their quarterly joint meetings of t~e E:rperilous life, that cannot he without ecutive Boards of the two bodIes, ill its effect. The miners theIIlBelves con- which the budgets, church extension duct the prayer service, so~eiimes as proposals, subventions and readju~t­ many as six of them takmg part. ments of aided churches shall be dIS- Among these miners there ~s very cussed and acted upon together, sublittle rowdyism and other eVIls gen- jeet to ratification by the Bo.a:r;ds erally associated with this class of meeting separately. At the Jomt workers. meeting it was further unanimously voted to memoralize the National Board of National Millsions Council and the General Assembly, requesting those national bodies to H OME Mission work of the Presby- take immediate steps toward complete terian Church in U. S. A. has organic union, and a committee ~as now been reorganized under a Board of National Missions, which includes appointed to outline a plan of umon the old Board of Home Missions, the for. the consideration .of t~ese two bod1es.-The Congregatwnalist.

572

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

U. S. Army Ohaplains Protestant inmates in the government AT the recent meeting of the leper asylum at Carville are at last Federal Council of Churches, going to have an adequate house of worship, and two thirds of the $30,- Bishop McDowell and Rev. John T. 000 which the church will probably Axton, chief of chaplains of the cost is already in hand. Other friends United States Army, reported on the of lepers are asked to send their gifts significant advance that has been to .The American Mission to Lepers, made in the chaplains' service. Prob- 156 Fifth Ave., New York, Fleming ably in no army of the world do so H. Revell, Treasurer. many men voluntarily attend divine worship, the records being better than The Catholic lepers at Carville have in the average town or village. The long had a church building, with a Federal Council recommends that house adjoining for the resident each denomination provide its own priest, but the Protestants– who far chaplains with an allowance of three outnumber the Catholics-have had to hundred dollars a year with which be content with a very inadequate to procure the equipment necessary to little wooden building into which they could barely crowd for their regular worship, such as hymn books, com- services. The new building will also munion sets and Bibles. The Presby- provide rooms for Dr. and Mrs. Cous- ins, and will also contain a suitable terians have recently cooperated with room for recreation and entertaintheir chaplains in Texas in Evangel- ments-a vitally important factor in alleviating the monotony of life for istic Meetings. No chaplain is now the leper. One of the most touching appointed without the approval of his gifts to this new church came some denominational leaders and of the Federal Council Committee.

Ohicago's Methodist Temple months ago from a group of lepers in the mission asylum at Chiengmai, THE Chicago Temple, the new First Siam, who, in the happiness of hav- M. E. Church, the corner-stone of ing their own church, sent a sponwhich was laid last November, will be taneous freewill offering of $46 when the highest structure in Chicago. someone told them the American lep- Located in the heart of the "Loop," ers did not have a suitable church on a site occupied by a Methodist building.-The Continent. church for eighty-four years, it is to have twenty-one stories, with a tower, Negro Migrations I the ~atter to be surmounted by a spire. N view of the increasing migration The first three or four floors will of Negroes northward to obtain be devoted to religious purposes. A higher wages and better opportuni- place of Worship, a place of prayer, ties, the work of the Committee on adequate rooms for the department Race Relations assumes increasing im- of religious education, the offices of portance. The Negro population of missionary enterprises and the vari- southern birth in the northern states ous activities of a modern Christian has increased at the rate of about church will be found here. The ex- 10,000 per year, except in 1910 to 1920 pectation is that it will be in fact a when the average increase was over Protestant center, other denomina- 34,000 per year. Shortage of labor tions probably taking space in the of- due to restricted immigration points fice rooms on the upper fioors.-Chris- to a greater influx from southern to tian Advocato. northern states this year.

Church leaders from eighteen cities Ohurch for American Lepera in eight northern states met recently GRO UND has been broken for the to discuss ways in which the problem new Protestant community church of housing, employment, social betterat United States Marine Hospital, ment and religious needs may best be at Carville, lJ,a. This means that the met. They recommended:

1. That local church federation!!, coun· Reindeer for Labrador cils and other religious organizations co· opemte to form strong interracial commit· DR. WILFRED T. GRENFELL tees. is accomplishing great results as the economic deliverer of the Lab- 2. That these committees and the Chris· rador. The success which has atten- tian churchoo study the situation in order ded the experiment of Sheldon J ack- to promote better understanding between son, in introducing 1,280 reindeer into the raeea. Alaska thirty-two years ago-there being now 200,000 in 100 herds, and 3. That in each city one or more Negroes the venison bringing a higher price he appointed to aid Negro travelers in co· than beef-led Dr. Grenfell to plan operation with the Traveler's Aid Society a similar schE;:me for the Labrador. and the local churches. Mr. Frederick R. Lawrence has started a corporation named the 4. That chnrches encourage movements for American Reindeer Corporation which improving housing conditions among colored will begin by importing a thousand people, including Building and Loan So· reindeer from L'apland, with Lapp cieties. herders to instruct the Labrador na- tives. 5. That the Interracial Committee inter· view employerB, help to solve labor disputes, LATIN AMERICA hold meetings for Negro laborers to in- crease their efficiency and morale, and dis- Cuba's Educational Needs cuss the subj ect with white people in meetings and through the press. WHEN Protestant missionary work was begun in Cuba, not only did 6. That the religious problem be studied the Church come preaching redempand met hy providing proper facilities far tion from sin by means of her miniswholesome recreation, social centers, schoolS, ters in the pulpit, but believing firmly church worship and young people's activities. that no nation can be a real factor in the world's progress, moraHy, finan- 7. That training claHses for colored leaders cially or otherwise, if the mass of her be !formed in Y. M. C. A.,Y. W. C. A., people are illiterate the Church churches, and other Christian center8. sought to help Cuba to climb into a position of usefulness by helping Cooperation in the West solve the great educational problem. The school census gives 750,000 chil- T HE Con:unittee on Cooperation in dren of school age on the island while States and Other Areas of the the statistics furnished by the'Secre- Home Missions Council and the Coun- tary of Public Instruction in January cil of Women for Home Missions joins of this year showed that only 176,000 with local administrators of church actually attended classes. Only one work of the different denominations, high school for each of the six provthis sUIllMer, in holding conferences inces is provided by the government, for a better understanding of the com- and no municipality has seriously mon problems and the religious needs undertaken to supplement the efforts of the people. These conferences will of the central government to provide be as follows: Idaho, June 10th to high school education. Cities of thirty 19th; Northern California, June 21st and forty thousand inhabitants are to 30th; Wyoming, July 12th to entirely without facilities foJ' training 20th. Secretaries of national home of this nature, save as given by church mission boards will accompany bish- schools OJ' private individuals. ops, superintendents, secretaries and field men in seeing typical conditions Mbsions in Santo Domingo and needs and then in shaping programs for better work and fuller co- pROGRESS has been made during operation. These conferences will re- the past year in Protestant evanpeat, it is hoped, the very successful experiences in the state of Montana in gelistic. work in Santo Domingo-a 1919, in carrying out what was known as the Every Community Service Endeavor. BriefeT conferences of two days each will also be held in Seattle, and Spokane, Washington, and in Portland, Oregon.

NEWt'! FROM MANY LANDS

comparatively neglected field in the teachers to go from village to village West Indies. The growth in these starting day schools and evening stations is shown in the following schools, where reading and writing table: are taught. Equally important is the reported use of government printing Church members, 1921 1922 plants for the publication of ancient and modern classics, to be furnished Santo Domingo ………….. 0 75 at low prices to public schools and San Pedro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 82 libraries j an enormous edition of the La Romana ……………… 5 52 Bible is to be issued.

Total ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53 209 New Station in Guatemala Sunday·school pupils THE Presbyterian missionaries in Santo Domingo ………….. 125 225 Quezaltenango opened at Christ- San Pedro ……………… 95 135 mas time a new out-station among the La Romana ……………… 75 100 Mam Indians, in the little village of San Juan Ostuncalco, where low Total ………………. 295 460 adobe houses, nestled at the foot of the hills, shelter some eight thousand Young people in societies people. The new workers will be lo- cated within nine miles of the mature Santo Domingo …………. 0 70 experience of the Quezaltenango mis- sionaries, medical aid, and supplies. San Pedro ………………. 35 56 The village is centrally located, with La Romana ……………… a roads in all directions, in the midst of 45 fifty thousand Mam Indians in the northwestern section of the Depart- Total ……………….. 35 171 ment of Quezaltenango. A work thoroughly established here will fa- Rev. N. H. Huffman, Superinten- cilitate an advance among the two dent of the work, says: hundred thousand Mams in the coun- try, all of whom have until now been "The pastors report splendid in- without a missionary. terest everywhere. Santo Domingo offers exceptional opportunities for The Task in Central America evangelistic work, if we had the resources to occupy the field ….. . DR. SAMUEL G. NEIL of the San Cristobal, a small center near American Baptist Home Misthe capital, where no church has yet sion Society summarizes his opinions been organized, is an exampIe of the gained during a recent visit to EI opportunities awaiting us. Mr. Prat Salvador and Nicaragua: "The task reports 92 in the Sunday-school last in Central America is not one of po- Sunday and the hall is crowded at lemics: the people are too illiterate; every preaching service. ' , nor to correct differential theology: this involves controversy and opposi- The hospital work in charge of Dr. tion; but to convey the truths that Horace R. Taylor, is conducted with Christ gave to mankind. The two a medical staff of one physician, three words which seem to sum up our cam- American nurses, four native student paigns are prayer and Calvary, for nurses and a native pharmacist, with there has been a deep spirit of prayer the assistance of a Dominican dentist. upon our people, and an intense de- They treated last year 222 patients sire to know more of the meaning in the hospital and 7,938 in clinics, be- of Calvary, which our missionaries sides 1,012 surgical cases and 2,975 and native pastors feel is the place of de'Iltal cases. The total number of all power in the spiritual life… . We cases treated was 12,080. need buildings for school purposes, Education for Mexico ACCORDING to a report from Rev. Samuel Guy Inman, quoted in The CongregationaUst, the Minister of Education in Mexico is planning a determined campaign against illiteracy and ignorance. Among other methods, he is employtng missionary

with accommodations for the training simplest facts of revelation. "This is of native pastors and missionaries. We a terrible indictment," says Evan- realize the need of greater and more gelical Christendom, "of the teaching efficient witness to the old, permanent in our Sunday and day schools, but and ever-effective truths of the Gospel. it may be explained by the differencc Such training and school buildings between now and a generation ago.

would be of inestimable value to our Today everybody reads all sorts of work in the coming years. "-Record papers and books with the intention of Christian Work. of forgetting their contents. Reading passes the time without adding to Friendliness in Ohile knowledge. In the past the Bible was ~~AN encouraging note," reports read as a Book that had to be remem- a Presbyterian missionary in bered, reverenced, and used for medi- Chile, "is the friendly attitude of the tation and application to life."

people in the conservative towns, formerly so hostile to everything Lloyd George on Sunday-schools L Protestant. There was a general in- LOYD GEORGE was the chief speaker at the 120th annual pubterest in the church building in Curico. From its beginning to its comple- lic meeting of the National Sunday tion visitors were frequent and oppor- School Union at the City Temple-, tunities were presented and improved London. The Watchman-Examiner to explain what the Gospel is to city quotes the following from his address: officials and persons of all grades of "The Sunday·school is the university of society. When it was dedicated the the people. The quality of the knowledge building was filled to overflowing. they obtain there is higher and deeper than Two daily papers published favorable anything they get elsewhere. For imaginaaccounts of the service and expressed tion, vision, exaltation of purpose and intheir best wishes for the success of the spiration there is no national literature in the world like that which is studied in the Evangelical church. All this occur- Sunday-schools. .. …. We are groping in the fog at best and I would rather trust red in the same town where eighteen years ago on the occasion of a visit the destiny of a people to a nation with its children trained in Sunday-schools than I to Curico the meeting conducted by would to a nation that had not. . . . . .. In the missionary was almost broken up the year 1800 the greatest warrior Europe had produced since Julius Cresar fell on the by a mob and he returned to the hotel Austrian armies, shattered them, and, for the moment, altered the history of France, amid a shower of stones and followed Italy and perhaps of Europe. The same by hisses and insults."

year-I am not sure it was not the same EUROPE month-a little Welsh peasant gil"l marched Modern Ignorance of Bible over the hHls of Merionethshire in quest of a Bible. That started the Bible Society I N many parts of England there are giving new life to the Sunday·school. Na- signs of an evangelistic movement that may bear rich fruit. Mission poleon's work will get feebler and fainter. That little story of the Welsh girl will get more powerful, more thrilling, deeper and preachers complain with sadness that more permanent in its influence as the cen· "their congregations consist of two turies go by. ' , classes-those who are already members of the Churches and come to be Young Bolshevists in England T refreshed, and those who are ignorant HE " Communist Sunday-schools" of the A. B. C. of religion. The con- now being conducted in England gregation will respond to an emotional were referred to in the May REVIEW.

appeal, but the emotion soon passes EvangeTicaT Christendom says in a as there is no depth of knowledge to recent issue: "The most fruitful sustain it. In the days of Moody training ground for Bolshevism is its audiences knew something of their Snnday-schools. Happily Parliament Bibles but today preachers have to seems to be awakening to this danger, begin at the beginning and tell the a bill to put down seditious teaehing

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

in Socialist Sunday-schools having decided the future ecclesiastical conbeen introduced into the House of stitution of the community, and even- Commons. There are two classes of tually began the work of church re- Socialist Sunday-schools. One type form in the Alpine republic-only teach open Bolshevism and the class six years after Luther's nailing of his war. Even life is not sacred in their ninety-five th-eses to the door of the teachings, and the admitted state- Castle Church in Wittenberg. ments of their leaders include one that 'the best way to enhance education is The Swiss Federation of Evangelto pull down the churches, burn the ical Churches, which recently joined Bible and assassinate the parsons.' the Alliance, has its headquarters in If it is true that these schools pub- Zurich. All the Churches of the Allish a journal called Red Dawn, whose liance are invited to send del-egates. young readers are supplied with arti- and arrangements are being made for cles on such subjects as 'Communism the delegates to travel together from and Free Love,' 'Virgins in Antiq- London on Thursday, July 19, so as uity,' and similar immoral reading, to attend a reception off-ered by the it will be still more clearly realized Reformed Churches at Basel on July that the subject of Bolshevism and the 20 on the way to Zurich. Bible affords food for solemn reflection. " Moslem Propaganda in Berlin Mission Study at Lausanne THE Berlin Islam Association was founded at Wuensdorf in June, A translation into French of "Is: 1922, as a station for Islam propa- lam, a Challenge to Faith," by ganda, following a series of lectures Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., was finally by Dr. Ahmed Waly on Egyptology published two weeks before the open- and Arabic at the Oriental Seminary. ing of the Peace Conference in Laus- His assistant is Professor Kheiri from anne last December. The French Delhi and their first publication is title is L'Islam, Son Passe, Son Pres- edited with a zeal worthy of someent, et Son Avenir. The book was thing b-etter than misrepresentations exhibited at once in the book stalls of Christianity. of the city and immediately attracted attention. Before the conference Helping Themselves and Others was over, practically the whole edition had been sold out. It was known THE European Student Relief that even m-embers of the Turkish work of the World's Student delegation purchased copies. Prov- Christian Federation has continuidentially, therefore, this book has ously held to the principle of self-help gone to responsible people in all as far as possible. Word has recently countries that are concerned with the come of the completion in Prague of settlement of peace with Turkey. a new student workshop. In this build- ing will be housed the student coop- Reformed and Presbyterian Oon- erative store, a shoe repair shop, a tailor shop, and other self-help activi- ference ties, all of which give employment to several hundred of the most needy ON July 21, 1923, the next con- students and which reduce very ap- tin-ental conference of the world preciably the living expenses of the alliance of Reformed Churches hold- thousands of refugee and native stuing the Presbyterian system will be dents now gathered in the national opened in Zurich, Switzerland, the capital. town of Zwingli. It was in 1519 that Zwingli began his ministry in Zurich, The Czechoslovak Government has but not till 1523 did the great coun- been very liberal toward the refugee cil of the city take the important step students who have fled to this country for various reasons. To show their of arranging a public discussiQU that appreciation of this liberality the

Union of Russian Students in Prague sporadic efforts to stop it. Prior to recently gave a musical concert in be- the war small British naval units were half of the children of Prague's un- maintained in the Red Sea to search employed workmen. All proceeds vessels suspected of carrying slaves. were used to help these children despite the fact that some of the stu- Sherwood Eddy in Egypt dents who gave the concern are themselves living fifty and sixty to the ARECENT visit to Egypt by Dr. room in all kinds of barracks and and Mrs. Sherwood Eddy has dilapidated buildings. been marked by wide spread interest in the evangelistic meetings that they AFRICA conducted. The Cairo audiences were composed chiefly of Coptic, Moslem Cure for Sleeping Sickness and Protestant students and graduates of schools and colleges to whom tick- DR. SIMON FLEXNER, of the ets had been given and the new Y. M. Rockefeller Institute for Medical C. A. auditorium was crowded after- Research, is quoted in the New York noon and evening. Many signed cards Times as stating that a new drug to indicate their desire to join Bible tryparsamide, an arsenic compound, classes. In Assiut also large meetings which has been used with considerable were held in the ancient Coptic and success in treating paresis, has also the modern Protestant churches. 'I'he been found'to be the best cure for people of Egypt are awake politically African sleeping sickness, the disease and intellectually and intensely dewhich has done so much to hinder the sire independence but they are not yet economic development of Africa. The aroused to spiritual realities and have African sleeping sickness is not similar not moral and spiritual leaders capto the malady of a similar name known able of guiding the people to God's in America. It is caused usually by ideals. To understand and to apply the bite of the tstse fly, which spreads the message of Christ is Egypt's the trypanosomes, as the irritant greatest need. germs that cause the disease are called.

Slave Trade Revived An African Internationale THE traffic in human beings now I N THE coast towns of southwest going on in certain parts of Africa, Africa pamphlets have been scatsays the Continent, will be brought to tered about by the Universal Negro the attenton of the League of Nations Improvement Association. An article when it meets in September. Abyssinia signed by Marcus Garvey, pleads for seems to be the center of the most an organizaton of all the colored peoactive slave trade, large numbers of ples throughout the world, which is to natives being exported to Arabia, be discussed in detail at the meeting where they are held in servitude by of the association in New York in wealthy Moslems. Persia and Balu- August of 1923. It is feared there chistan also afford a market for slaves, that the movement is to be a Colored and many of them eventually find Internationale, and is but another their way to those countries. The manifestation of the self-determination French have discovered that monthly principle, which in turn is being felt shipments of slaves pass through the in mission development, as well as in port of Ladjourah in French Somali- purely political spheres. This moveland and farther to the south between ment will, for the present, have a the island of Madagascar and the mainland. Great Britain and France, purely harmful effect upon the native. which control the east coast of Africa If the United States Government has with the exception of Eritrea (Ital- no means of influencing this" Africa ian), have been aware of the slave for Africans" movement, it will soon traffic fur years and have made. have free hand in southwest Africa.- Barmen Missionsblatt.

NE~ FROM MANY LMIDS

THE A Changed Town The recent census gives the Arab or Bishop on the Niger, Dr. Las- Moslem population as 79%, the Jewish brey, recently visited Achi, a town as 11% and the Christian as 90/0. The recent elections were boycotted by in Southern Nigeria. Of this place large numbers because fifteen places in the administrative assembly were he writes: "Three years ago the place given to Jews while only ten places were assigned to Gentiles. Jewish was a byword for barbarism, but to- money and British military power are opposed by Moslem and Christian day tohfertehriseetoorbefofouur nhduandcroendgrewC~lra­- numerical superiority. tion The Jews in Palestine are divided shippers …delivered from the dread into the Orthodox, who are in the minority, and the Nationalistic Heof evil spirits, and rejoicing in the brews who are usually rationalistic and materialistic but are "wiser in blessed hope of everlasting life. It IS their generation than the children of light. " PIIj~estine may yet be the not through any very wonderful or up- area for non-political, racial and spiritual conflicts. to·date methods that these results have been achieved. The church is a mud building with a mat roof, and the seats and other furniture are all of mud; the evangelist is a young man with just a smattering of training, and the only books he possesses are a Bible and prayer book and one or two school primers."

Harnessing the Jordan New Work in Nigeria. ON.E of the principal projects ahead III the development of Palestine THE General lvlission Board of the is the construction of irrigation works. Church of the Brethren sent last Because of centuries of neglect and the December two men, A. D. Helser and denudation of its forests, much of the H. Stover Kulp, out to Nigeria to in- country has become dry, desert-like vestigate the possibility of opening a waste. But the soil of many such mission in that territory. They have received very courteous treatment on areas is rich, and if an adequate supthe part of the English Government as ply of water could be turned upon well as the natives, and have made a them, the country might once more beginning by establishing themselves deserve the description "flowing with at Garkida. There is also a medical man completing his interneship this milk and honey." The land within the year, who will sail this fall. The two great rift of the Jordan valley can be men on the field report that they are most easily supplied with water and preaching Christ to the natives there it is there, no doubt, that the' first both by the spoken message, and the extensive irrigation project will be cardemonstration of the hand. Mr. ried out. The water of the Jordan on Helser took the Livingstone College its way to the Dead Sea has a descent medical course, and is able also to of more than six hundred feet in the bring relief to a great many of the suffering sick. sC'ventr-five miles separating the Sea of GalIlee and the Dead Sea. It is be- lieved to be practicable to develop a cons!derable amount of power by har- nessmg the Jordan at several points.

MOSLEM LANDS Some of the more ambitious proposals "Non-cooperation in Palestine look to the creation of an industrial AMOVEMENT has been started Palestine.-Zion's Herald. in Palestine by the non-Jewish population, similar to the non·coopera- Secret ex-Moslem Believers ~ion a~d self-~et.ermination m~vement CONSIDERABLE interest has been m .I~dm. It 1s.m prote~t agams~ the aroused by an article in The Mos- Bntlsh declaratlOlI favormg a natlOnal lem World describing the under- home for Jews in their ancient land. ground Ch;istianity which has comi)

into being in recent years in Islam and several years in the missionary schools. which is actually organized with a su- It was very interesting last month to preme head in a certain city. These see two Moslem girls from the mission converts from Mohammedanism have school here in Beirut attending a tht-ir password and secret meetings, course of lectures to the theological forming a veritable Christian free- students on Mohammed. They exmasonry scattered throughout the pressed themselves as desiring to find Moslem world. The writer, Mary C. out exactly what the truth was about Holmes, when attending one of these their prophet." meetings at which the communion was b('in~ celebrated behind locked doors, AD. ArDlenian Sunday-school was accosted by a rug merchant with, , , Of a truth thou art our sister.. Thou DR. CLARENCE D. USSHER, one of the missionary heroes of war art thE' first to understand us. Weare years, who during the siege of Van was Christian Christians." She says: "I the only physician among 45,000 Arsat in that meeting scarcely able to menians, is now in America. He gives credit mY-flenses and witnessed a fer- this interesting account of Armenian vor of devotion rarely seen, an orderly enthusiasm for Sunday-school work: type of worship, hymns, Christian hymns used only by themselves and "The sword cannot crush out sinsung from memory, throbbing with cere faith. In Erivan, for example, love for the Saviour of men. And those eager to attend Sunday-school women were there, Moslem women ad- each week are so many that they candressed as 'sisters' and unveiled. 'Are not be cared for at the same session. there others like you l' I queried, in- On a recent Sunday there were 587 credulous. 'Many,' was the reply. pupils under fourteen years old. After 'And wheref' I next asked. 'Every- these had received their instruction where,' was the answer." for the day, they were dismissed and more than 250 over that age flocked· Bigotry Breaking Down in to take their places. The church service followed and the young people REV. JAMES H. NICOL, mission- had literally to be driven out of the ary of the Presbyterian Board at church that their elders might have Beirut, Syria, says in a recent letter: place for the morning worship, with standing room taken and IDany turned " We have just begun to work in one away. Memorizing of Scripture is of the most bigoted districts of Syria. part of the regime of that school. The A colporteur, who happens to be a con- report just came that 130 had comverted Moslem, travels all through the mitted about ten selected chapters to villages of the district, selling Bibles memory." and other literature. He finds in every place that he goes those who de- British Treaty with Irak sire to possess copies of Scripture and who are willing to pay for them. With A CABLE dispatch to the New York the Bible, as with other things, we find Times in May, shortly before that it is more likely to be valued if a Stanley Baldwin became Prime Minperson pays something for it than if ister, quoted his announcement in the it is given freely. Another striking House of Commons that a protocol had fact is new in our work in Syria and been signed by which the British that is that the proportion of Moham- treaty with King Feisal of Irak would medans in our schools is rapidly ris- cease to be effective when that country ing. I suppose that we have thirty- joined the League of Nations, and, in five or forty per cent of non-Chris- any event, within four years of the tians. You will readily understand signing of the peace treaty with the great influence that will go out Turkey. The treaty with Irak, which into the Moslem communities when was signed Oct. 10, 1922, provid'Cd for these children have been trained for the establishment of an independent

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

constitutional government in Irak, portant Indianizing action has been that country to have a certain measure the formation of an Indian Mission of advice and assistance from Great Board of six Indian leaders and Britain. only two American missionaries. In time, this Board may take over a very Importance of Mesopotamia large part of the entire Mission's work.

REV. JOHN VAN EBB, of Busrah, Its duties are to conduct Christian writes that there are many rea- work in its area; administratively to sons why the Presbyterian and Re- train, appoint and supervise workers, formed Churches of America should and to secure and administer funds. unite to establish missionary work in As its special field it has taken over from the American Mission five con- Mesopotamia, as stated in the June siderable areas around Ahmednagar City. In this field there are thirty REVIEW. churches and forty-one schools, with 1,008 pupils. In this effort, the Board 1. The Reformed Church in America is already working in Busrah and employs seventy workers of different Bagdad, while Presbyterians are in Syria and Persia. 2. Americans are more heartily grades. Already it conducts some welcomed by the people and govern- medical work, and desires to do more, and to carryon various lines of social ment than those of other nations. 3. The Church Missionary Society service. To this Board the Mission has transferred all the funds that come of England has withdrawn and has from America for the work in those asked American churches to occupy five areas. But, in order at all adethe field. quately to carryon its important work, the Board needs to secure in addition This field is of special interest and at least three thousand rupees from importance as being the cradle of the human race and at a crossroads of the nations. Bagdad, the capital, has had various Indian sources.

a great past and should have a great future. This field will have a great More Hope of Lepers influence on the future of the Near «THE work in the Leper Asylum is East and possibly of the Far East as most encouraging," wrote Sam well. Other important centers are Higginbottom in l<-'ebruary … Under Mosul, a great city; Hillah, the site the good. treatment of Dr. Douglas of ancient Babylon; and Kerbela, a Forman we have two cures; six cases sacred shrine. noticeably improved and eighty per The Irak Government has already cent of all those taking the chaulmoomade a treaty with Great Britain, gra oil derivative treatment showing guaranteeing religious liberty and noticeable improvement. We feel that freedom to open schools and conduct we can really accomplish something in missionary work. curing the lepers. We have fourteen children ranging in age from eight t() INDIA fourteen who are afflicted with the dis- An Indian Mission Board ease, but who have so far lost no fin- THE increasing responsibility being gers or toes. They are all undergoing placed upon the native Church in the regular treatment and we have all the principal mission fields is one high hopes of saving everyone of of the significant tendencies in the them." Microscopic tests are now be- missionary movement today. A new ing made to discover whether the lep- instance of this is found in a report in ers are also suffering from any of the the Dnyanodaya that the nine princi- various diseases which are so common pal stations of the Marathi Mission of among the poor of India, and so have the American Board are transferring not a fair chance to respond to the to various Indian organizations some treatment for leprosy. Several of portions of their work. The most im- them have been cured of these other

diseases, and now there is much more We have now many converted devil hope of their recovering from leprosy priests in our Christian Church wit- as wen. nessing for the Great Healer."

A Veteran's Service Bible Lessons in Schools T SIXTY-THREE years ago Rev. W. HERE have been various allusions F. Johnson, D.D., and his wife, of in the REVIEW to the "conscience the United Presbyterian Church, clause" enacted in several provinces sailed from Boston to begin their mis- in India to the effect that no pupil sionary service in India. Dr. John- shall receive Bible instruction against son, who is now 82 years of age, has the wish of his parents. There is spe- contributed very largely to the litera- cial interest, therefore, in the report ture made accessible to Indian Chris- of the Church Missionary Society that tians by translation and also by auth- in no school under its care has "any orship, and in this field, perhaps, he considerable advantage been taken of has achieved his greatest success as a this rule. In one school of 450 boys missionary. Of this part of his work the school wrote a letter to the head he says, "My notion is that, counting master stating thein appreciation of the Bible lessons. Not one has applied pulpit, classroom, and press work, the ten most useful years of my life as a for exemption from religious instrucmissionary were those between the tion; in addition, many come on Sun- years of seventy and eighty. During day to a Bible class in the mission bunthose ten years the simplified Hindi galow. As members of the schoolboys'

version of the four gospels was pre- League of Prayer, many of the boys pared and published, and fifty-three promise to pray to God sincerely once thousand of these have already been a day; the secretary of the League is a put into circulation. During this per- Hindu."

iod, too, I prepared and printed sev- eral textbooks in Roman Urdu." CHINA An Overwhelming Opportunity Converted Devil Priests THE distressing conditions caused by the floods in Shantung Province REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, of have brought the American mission- South India, relates this story in The Mis&ionary Link: "ChQlera had aries in Tsinanfu even closer to the been raging through the village, but people than they were in the pre- every man and woman who could walk ceding "dry famine" days. One of had come to watch the drunken devil them writes: "We are embarrassed, priest tear the living sacrifice to death even distressed, with the great oppor- with his teeth. Then, dipping his long tunity that is ours, because of inability whip in the warm blood of the dying to meet it. Our evangelistic force can- goat, he danced round in a frenzy, not begin to cope with the training of beating the crowd and assuring them these hundreds of inquirers, there be- that he was driving the cholera god- ing 500 in one flood section of Chang dess away from the village. Mean- Ching County alone. .. Never before while the little Christian community have we been able to touch the village had gathered at the teacher's house to headmen. All are now friendly. At pray, and continued in prayer the a word of invitation they gather for a whole night, while the air was rent friendly chat; they listen interestedly with the cries and shrieks of the priest to the Gospel preached and take home and his followers. Suddenly the word tracts and Bible portions to read. New came that the chief priest himself, schools have been started among these who had made the horrible sacrifice, famine inquirers, they paying part of was down with cholera, and he sent to the cost. . . Repeatedly members of beg our evangelist to come and save the gentry and government school him. He went and the man was saved. teachers have been inquirers, not be-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

cause they were among those in want to gain in becoming a Christian. His and receiving assistance to food, but clear-cut stand means much in Chrisbecause they approve of this 'foreign tian circles·. religion' that, unsought and sympathetically and without 'squeeze,' has The "Greatest Living Chinese" come to the rescue of their distressed countrymen.' , THE April REVIEW referred to the voting competition carried on by An Inspired Interpreter a newspaper in China to determine the twelve" greatest living Chinese," and A N English missionary who at- the prominence of Christians in the tended some of Sherwood Eddy's resulting list. .A paragraph in The meetings in China, pays this striking Life of Faith gives further details: tribute to the interpreter: Sun Yet Sen heads the list, but he has beaten General Feng by only ninety- Dr. Eddy was favored with an ex- eight votes. Next comes Dr. Wellingcellent translator, a Mr. Chu, a Szech- ton Koo, who has been Chinese Minwanese. He translated with the ister in London and at Washington, greatest facility and speed. Dr. Eddy and is extremely sympathetic to Chrisis a rapid speaker, but the translator tianity, although not an acknowledged was equally rapid. He imitated the Christian. He is an alumnus of St. Doctor in every way and was so one John's University, Shanghai, as is also with him in spirit that the Chinese the next on the list, Dr. C. T. Wang, got the message perfectly. Never have formerly vice-president of the Senate, I ,listened to such excellent transla- who represented China at the Vertion before. No labored round-about sailles Conference, and is a prominent way of expression, but just as terse Y. M. C. .A. leader. .Another is Dr. and incisive as the speaker's. No Wang Chung-hui, the son of a Chinese translator at the great Conference in pastor of the church in Hong Kong, May could approach Mr. Chu~a very who for a time was Prime Minister, earnest Christian who became inter- but is best known for his codification ested in the Gospel when studying of the laws of China, while Minister of engineering in England, and later, Justice. General Yen, the model govwhen he came in touch with General ernor of Shansi, is an ardent sup- Feng, was baptized. No one was porter of Christianity. He has been wearied with the meetings: oftentimes particularly active in tackling the retranslators make it tedious for those growing of opium poppy; he has apwho know both languages, but it was pointed a large number of Christian a treat to listen to Mr. Chu render- officials, and has circulated hundreds ing·Dr. Eddy's address. of thousands of copies of Christian books and leaflets. Tenth on the list Another Christian Official comes Dr. David Z. T. Yui, the senior secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in China. LA'l'E last fall the Commissioner of Police for Chekiang Province, an Prayer Meetings for Officials office which corresponds roughly to our Lieutenant-Governor, became a SINCE General Feng Yu-hsiang has Christian and was baptized. Later, he been in Peking, he has kept up was elected to membership on the sympathetic relations with the stu- Board of Directors of the Y. M. C. .A. dents and graduates of Peking Univer- He has made a fine record in politics, sity, recognizing them as a Christianhaving held his present office in spite izing force in China. For instance, he of changes in governors every few has asked Rev. Liu Fang, an alumnus years, since 1911. Because of his of the university, to conduct a prayer strength of character, and long serv- meeting for high officials at his home. ice he is easily the most influential It is quite a new sight in China man in the province. Humanly to. have automobiles belonging to speaking, there was nothing. for him.

such men crowded around the en.- tribute something. Fourth; To work trance to the humble home of a Chris- to bring some one else to Christ.

tian pastor, and for such a purpose. Whenever women have thus banded General Feng also has asked Dr. Liu themselves together to pray and work and Rev. G. L. Davis to organize an there has be~n results, so we may hope evangelistic campaign of five days at that in the not too distant future there his camp at Nan Yuan. Fourteen will be a great forward movement in Peking University stndents have been which the women will have no mean asked to take part, eight from the theo- part. "

logical school and six from the college.

Bible Institute in Hunan Church Growth amid Brigandage I HEN ChineS'e brigands, compris- N- CHANGSHA, Hunan Province, the city where "Yale in China" is W ing some twenty bands of armed located, Dr. Frank A. Keller has been men, entered Kweilin, a town in the at work for several years under the province of Kwangsi, their first act auspices of the Bible Institute of Los was to break open the prisons and turn Angeles. He now is assisted by Rev.

loose nearly 2,000 criminals. The Walter T. Stevens, the son of a China brigands walked the streets fully Inland Mission· representative. Their armed, and behaved as they pleased, work is summarized as follows: practicing a 'on~-slided communism. A Bible Institute at Changsha, with 117 A missionary of the Church Mission- enrolled students (eighty·five men and thirtyary Society in describing the above in- two wOomen) in 1922.

cident says that, in spite of all the The autumn Bible School and Conference strain and actual danger, God in His at Nanyoh (one of China's three sacred goodness has given a greater advance mountains) . Many remarkable conversions in the growth of His Kingdom than have resulted among the thousands of pil- gdms who journey thither every year.

during any previous year. The con- Ten colportage boats (floating Bible gregations in every place have grown Schools), thirteen men on each boat, who in number; the number of children devote the mornings to Bible study and the in the schools has increased; the evan- afternoons to distributing gospel literature gelistic services have been better at- in native homes. tended; and the Christians themselves have taken a fuller part in the work of Mr. Stevens tells in The King's preaching the Gospel. Business the story of the conversion, a.s the result of the efforts of one of their evangelistic bands, of an old Chi- (lhrfstfaa W omea Orgaaize nese scholar, Mr. Huang, who had been an opium slave for many years, MISS JUNIATA RICKETTS, who and the subsequent turning to God of has been engaged in evangelistic several of his relatives. work since 1901 in the American Pres- byterian mission in Hangchow, China, Dr. Dllgald Christie Resigns writes: "The most important and AFTER forty years of service in strategic event of the year was un- Manchuria, Dr. Dugald Christie, Principal of the Mukden Medical Coldoubtedly the organization of our lege, has resigned on account of iUwomen into a presbyterial society." hea.lth. The following tribute is made Some fifty regularly appointed delegates from the city and country fields to him by. the Foreign Mission Comof both Northern and Southern Pres- mittee of the United Free Church of byterian Missions were present at the Scotland: first meeting. The society seeks "to get every Christian woman to do four , 'The period o,f Dr. Christie'8 service was things: First, To read the Bible; marked by great crises in Chinese history, many must learn to read. Second; in all of which crises he found opportunities To pray for objects beyond their own of service which were signally used by him. Epidemics of cholera and plague, floods and immediate interests. Third; To con- famine, also marked these years, and in all these he rendered eminent service to the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Chinese Government and people. He wa.. "After a century of fully organized the recipient of many decorations from the Anglican missions in other lands, this Chinese Government, as well as from the is the first instance in which the be- Japanese and Russian Governments, and ginning of a self-sustaining episcopate after the plague epidemic of 1911 he was made a C.M.G. by His Majesty the King … has been made. There is, indeed, a By the devotion of his genius and many· missionary diocese in India with a na- tive bishop [Azariah] at the head of sided powers t(} the service of Christ, in it, but he and his work are supported the interest of the Chinese, he has left behind him work of the utmost importance, and an imperishable memory in the regard by the English mission. There are and affections of the Chinese of Mukden." also suffragan bishops from native races serving under foreign bishops in JAPAN-CHOSEN several missionary lands. But Japan Juvenile Courts for Japan has the honor of being first of all An- THE opening of 1923 in Japan glican missionary cOllntries to take so brought into operation a law long a step toward national autonpassed by the last session of the Diet, omy."

establishing a code of law, courts, pro- cedure and other machinery for cop- Korean "Topics in Brief"

T ing with the problem of child delin- HE following scattering items throw light from various angles on quency in Japan. Miss Caroline Mac- Donald, who has been engaged in the missionary work being done in Christian work in Japan for the past Kwangju, Korea: In the Girls' eighteen years, became particularly School, one hundred of the students interested in the children's problem earn all or part of their expenses about seven years ago. It is largely through school by lace making. The due to her efforts that juvenile courts Seoul Press, a daily newspaper conhave been established. In the actual making of the laws Miss MacDonald's ducted by Japanese, prints a Bible advice was often sought and again in verse at the head of the editorial colthe carrying out of the plans which are umn each day.

going to be tried out, her intimate In Kwangju recently, sixty-six lepknowledge of social conditions in ers were baptized in a single day. All Japan and her understanding of chil- were Bible students and passed the required examinations with credit. dren and human nature will be of great service to those in charge. One of the missionaries requires that his helpers pass an examination on an assigned book of the Bible each Japanese Bishops month before he will give them their SPECIAL interest attaches to the salary. action taken the last of April by A called meeting of the Soonchun the general synod of the Nippon Sei Presbytery ordained as a minister, Kowai, in creating two new dioceses, Cho Sung Hak, the man, who as a which are to have Japanese bishops, peddler of medicine, won the first conwhose financial support is to be car- verts in all that section sixteen years ried by the Japanese. One diocese is ago, before he was baptized. He was to comprise the City of Tokyo and its also instrumental in building the first environs, the other the City of Osaka church In that section.

and its environs-territory of which for sixty years American bishops have One Evangelist's Audience P been in charge. The property under REACHING to blind sorcerers and magicians is the special task to consideration includes twenty-one American and English churches in which blind Paik Sa Kyum, a former Tokio and eight in Osaka. Hospitals fortune tell-er, now an evangelist, is and schools are not included in the devoting his life in Korea. Some years transfer. The Living Church com- ago Paik was making a great deal of ments on the significance of this step: money in his business of deception, but

being converted he gave it up and amazed at the openness and hunger started out to travel around the coun- of these men for Christ. I am sure try preaching the Gospel, supported that before this year, 1923, passes you only by his faith that he will be fed will hear of a great religious awaken- and lodged by his Master, working ing among the high school students of through the kindness of the strangers the Philippine Islands such as this to whom he preaches. This past year nation has never before experienced."

he has been preaching mainly to the blind sorcerers whom he knew in his A Center of Helpfulness I former life, and among some of his N five languages, English, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and Filipino, recent converts is a distant relative of his, a confirmed drunkard. Paik has there is written over the door of a already converted enough Koreans to Christianity in the district to make building in Honolulu the title "House possible a little group of twenty who Helpful"-a worthy summing up of meet at Yangjinmal each Sunday. the activities being carried on by the His sons are all talented, one of them Y. W. C. A. in Hawaii along the lines which its International Institutes have being a student in Columbia Univer- made familiar in several cosmopolitan sity in America. The Continent. centers. One of the special channels ISLANDS OF THE SEA for helpfulness is the desire of the Oriental women to learn English.

Winning Filipino Students Though the men came first to Hawaii REV. FRANK C. LAUBACK, mis- as contract laborers on plantations, sionary of the Congregational many of them, as their contracts ex- Church in the Philippines, writes: pired moved into the city, and found "Great things have happened for employment in commercial lines, on Christ in Manila during tj:le past few the wharves, or in civic improvement.

months. We took a survey of the They had acquired a knowledge of the students of Manila to discover their English language. The children in addresses. There are seventy thousand school learned it. English was spoken students, or one fourth of the popu- in the home by the father to his chil- lation. We then held evangelistic dren, and by the children.

meetings in the various churches of the city, inviting the students to come, GENERAL and had several hundred decision The Opium Question I cards signed. At the close of this T IS reported that the United States has decided to send an observer to campaign we held a mass meeting and had seven thousand present, packing be present at the next meeting of the the largest theater and the largest Opium Advisory Committee of the church in the city of Manila. After League of Nations. This is a very this we had ninety-two Bible classes significant step, and shows that Amer- in various parts of the city in a three- ica is at last awake to the seriousness months' course. Our only trouble of the drug menace which is spreading was the lack of good teachers. The over the world. Since the closing of profound need of the Philippine the Third International Opium Con- Islands is a spiritual and educated ference at The Hague in 1914 this Christian leadership. We have stu- Government has but indirectly con- dent volunteer bands in about eight cerned itself in a movement for which places and hope to extend them to it was so directly responsible. This every province of the Islands. These has resulted in the leadership gradu- students volunteer to be either home ally slipping from us. The opium or foreign missionaries. . . . I have question is not at base a domestic but just returned from speaking to the an international question, and if it is students of several high schools of to be solved it must be approached northern Luzon and I am thrilled and from this angle.

MXSSJIONAl~Y

CHILD TRAINING :BOOKS FOR book, "The Pupil and the Teacher," PARENTS AND TEACH~RS Dr. Cope here does for the parent in this admirable analysis of the prob- List prepared by MRs. MARy FOSTER. BR.YNER. lems of child training. Each chapter is followed by questions and a list of A Study of Child Nature. Elizabeth Har· books for supplementary reading and rison. $1.25. The Maemillan Co. New reference. York. 1921. Childhood and Character. Hugh Hartshorne. Child Nature and Child Nurture. Edward $2.00 net. Pilgrim Press. Boston. P. St. John. 85 cents net. The Pilgrim Press. 1911. Every parent, teacher, or social worker whose interest lies in the reli- A book for parents' classes, training gious growth of children will gain new classes for teachers of young children, insight from this book. and for home study. Mothers' Problems. Harriet Bailey Clark, The Unfolding Life. A. A. Lamoreaux. M.D. 75 cents net. Judson Press. Phila· $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New delphia. York. 1907. This book provides ready help for Training of Children in the Christian the physical, mental, and religious Home. Luther Allen Weigle. 221 pp. care of the child. It is designed for $1.50. Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1922. rapid reading by mothers and also as a textbook for mothers' classes in the Discovers for all parents and teach- Sunday-school and for mothers' and ers the fundamental problems in the parents' associations. Christian training of children. Written in a simple, interesting way, this The Girl in Her Teens. Margaret Slattery. is one of the most valuable books pic- $1.10. Pilgrim Press. Boston. turing the conditions in the home, setting forth the ideals for the train- :Brothering the :Boy. W. Edward Raffety, ing of children, and outlining the steps Ph.D. Cloth, $1.00 net. Judson Press. to be taken to approach these ideals. Philadelphia. 1913.

The Dawn of Character. E. E. R. Mum· Out of knowledge and sympathy, ford. $2.00. Longmans Green Co. New Dr. Rafferty interprets the genius of York. 1920. brothering. Equipment of the brother; growing the normal boy; meeting the Parenthood and Child Nature. Edna Dean needs of the other boy; agencies and Baker, President of National Kinder· instruments through which brotherli- garten and Elementary College. $1.50. ness finds expression and helps itself The Macmillan Co. 1922. to achievement-these are the chief topics of this manual. For expert guidance of the parent or teacher, and for group discussion in The Psychology of Adolescence. Frederick a Parent Training Class this summary Tnwy. $1.50 net. The Macmillan Co. of the facts of child development dur- New York. 1920. ing the period from birth to eleven years will be found admirably adapted.

The Parent and the Child. Henry F. Cope, The purpose of this work is to make D.D., LL.D. $1.5(} net. Geo. H. Doran an all-around survey of the time Co. New York. 1921. called "Youth" and set forth the re- What Professor Weigle has done for suIts of a great amount of research the teacher in his widely used text- recently done in this special field.

587

Missionary Stories for Little Folks. First One great lack is the failure to put Serie_Primary. Margaret T. Apple- God first and to be guided by His garth. New Edition. IllustratBd. $1.75 net. Geo_ H. Doran Co. New York. 1917. revealed will. This study is informing even though These fifty-two brief stories cover the world of missions both home and we may not wholly sympathize with foreign. Told in slmple language and the Movement. Mr. High writes on illustrated with fifty-two drawings Europe and China; S. G. Inman on Latin America and A. D. Berry on and verses. Japan. The way to guard against the Missionary Stories for Little Folks. Second dangers is to be informed and to give Serie_Junior. Margaret T. Applegarth. sympathy for right ideals and guid- New Edition. Illustrated. $1.75 net. ance in face of dangers.

George H. Doran Co. New York. 1917.

Like its companion volume for Father and Son. Philip E. Howard. 12mo. Primary children, this book contains 132 pp. $1.00. Sunday Sehool Times. fifty-two brief stories of both foreign Philadelphia. 1923. and home missions worked out on the graded plan. These stories are illus- A Christian father shares with other trated in a suggestive and original fathers these intimate studies based on his own experience, observation and way. study. They are plain talks about boys and cannot fail to help and stim- Next Door Neighbors. Margaret T. Apple- ulate earnest parents. Mr. Howard garth. Thumbnail sketches from home deals with all sides of boy life in a mission literature. 160 pp. $1.25. Flem- virile and Christlike way, using many ing H. Re'vell Co. New York. 1922. facts and experiences drawn from life.

A delightful series of stories, writ- This is one of the books that fathers ten for children, setting forth the should read.

many curious and interesting traits Child Garden in India. By Amelia Joswhich distinguish the little folks of ephine Bnrr and Louise Clark. 16mo.

various races and nationalities who 28 pp. Central Committee. West Med- rub shoulders in our hospitable, cos- ford, Mass. 1922.

mopolitan land. A notable addition Very little people who like to look to home mission literature. at pictures while they learn easy Work and Play in the Grenfell Mission. rhymes with a meaning will enjoy this book that tells of Jesus, children, H. P. Greeley, M.D., and Floretta E. God's villages, elephants, toys, flow- .Greeley. $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell ers, monkeys and other interesting Co. New York. 1920.

With Introduction by Dr. Wilfred persons, animals and things related to T. Grenfell. New light on the work picturesque but pagan India.

of the Grenfell Mission in Labrador. A Pioneer Doctor and Other Stories from OTHER RECENT VOLUMES Doctors, Nurses and Others in India, China and Africa. ruus. 8v(). 61 pp.

The Revolt of Youth. By Stanley High. Paper. Church Missionary Society, Lon- 12mo. 222 pp. The Abingdon Press. don. 1923.

New York. 1923. Missionary doctors and nurses have The Youth Movement of Europe wonderful experiences and come into and America furnishes much food for contact with all sorts of humanity.

serious thought. It is for the most Some of these experiences are here part due to the failure of older heads gathered, with attractive pen and ink to govern wisely. Many forees were sketches, especially to interest young let loose by the war that are not yet people. There are also acrostics, under control. The Youth Movement buried names, traveling pictures and is full of idealism, but is untempered models to make–verily, a treasure by experience. It is impUlsive and house for children on a rainy day or some of its leaders, whose impulses are for a teacher or parent who is looking mainly animal, bring disgrace upon it. for ideas for work am(}ng children. Parents and Teachers will THE find much help in CHILDREN'S Teen-Age Tangles BIBLE By MRS. LEORA M. BLANCHARD Author of ' Th~ Intermediate Girl," in the "Best A translation 10 simple English of selections from the Old and New Testaments. Ways" 8001d..-t Serles; and President lrranged by of the Emmet County, Michigan. Sunday-School Association Henry A. ShermaD and Charles F4 Kent with 30 full-page illustrations in full A book that deals with the very heart color and duotone; heautifully honnd of Sunday-school work. It grapples and printed. fearlessly with the real social problem, and the true stories told are from "Tojj)vest in·this beautifnl yolume is more than actual experience. Here is a warm- to buy a book; it is to secure a farnily treasure to hearted book that will help to make it be jJa!Osed on from one child to another." easier for every worker among Intermediates and Young People. – Sunday-School World.

Order your copy today, $1.25 "The book is splendidly arranged, the type is clear, lhe illustrations good, and the bV1dmg at- AMERICAN SUNDAY·SCHOOLUNION tractive. Ve are heartily recommending it to our constituency and ~lre urging all of our homes (The Union Preas) where there are children to buy this book."- !VI.I" BFL L. I:,HLEY, Supt. of Children's DivlStOn. 1816 Chestnut Street ~Viscons/n Sunday-School Assoclatton. Philadelphia, Pa. "This is a'> fine a book as could be made for its rnrpo..,e. both as to content and make-up. It conf-ain" every important feature that the child ShO'lld know for his founding in the principles of religious instruction." -IVortltwestern Chrutian Advocate_ I At All Book.tore., $3.50 __I .CBARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS I _ 597-599 Fifth AveDue New York NEW BOOKS Home Mission Stories The Great First Work of the Church Mis- by Miss Applegarth sions. Wilbur B. Stover. 112 pp. Brethren Publishing House, J<Jlgin, Ill. The book for use of workers among chil. 1922. dren during the great Home Mission campaign for the American Boy and Girl The Apostle Paul and the Modern World. this coming year. Miss Applegarth's Francis G. Peabody. 285 pp. $2.50. genius for telling Missionary stories is The Macmillan Co., New York. 1923. shown at its best in these vivid tales of children from other lands who have Christianity and Economic Problems. Fads, made their home in America. The Principles, Programs. A discussion reader's imagination is captivated, the group textbook. Prepared by Kirby keenest sympathy aroused and just the Page and others. 50 cents per copy, needed information given in so original cloth. Association Press, New York. a way that the memory is indelibly impressed. On the Trail of the Pigmies. L. J. Vanden- berg. 12. 6d. T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., SOME BOYS AND GIRLS IN London. 1922. AMERICA MargaretT.Applegarth Simon of Cyrene, Dimachrerus Splendena. Thomas Hall Shastid. 446 pp. Geo. Illustrated, net $1.50 Wahr. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1923. Other books by Mi•• Applegarth: "Short Mi..ion- The Romance of Pitcairn Island. W. Y. ary Plays," $1.00; "More Short Missionary Play.," Fullerton. 112 pp. 28 6d. Carey Press, $1.00; "India Inklings," $1.50; "Lamplighters London. Aero•• the Sea," $1.25; "Mis.ionary Stories for Little Folks-Primary," $1.75; "Missionary Storie. British North ]lorneo. Owen Rutter. 404 for Little Folks-Junia..," $1. 75. pp. 218. Constable & Co., London. 1922. At Your Relioiou. Book Store GEORGE H. DORAN COlllPANY America and the World Liquor .Problem. 244 Madison Avenue New York Ernest Hurst Oherrington. 182 pp. American Issue Press, Westervj]Je, Ohio. 1922.

Education and Chinese Agriculture. Ken· yon L. Butterfield. 62 pp. China Chris· tian Educational Associntion, Shanghai. 1922. (COfUJiudetJ Oft, thirtJ oover page.) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

PERSONAL

W. Douglcu Mackeru:ie, Preaident DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, the weI! known missionary to Moslems, was recently elected Theological Seminary President of the General Synod of the Re- formed Church in Americ_a position of Dean, M. W. Jacobus honor similar to that of Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian School of Religious Pedagogy Church. Dr. Zwemer expected to Bail for England OIl June 25th and after attending Dean, E. H. Knight meetings of the International Missionary Council, planned to visit the Continent and Kennedy School of Missions to return to Cairo in September.

Dean, E. W. Capen *•• Through these associated schools Hart- DR. AND MRS. R. A. THOMPSON, American ford offers full training for: Baptist missionaries in Japan since 1888, 1. The Christian ministry. arrived on the Pacific Coast on April 21st. 2. The whole field of religiouB education. Dr. Thompson has done some notable pioneer 3. The foreign field. work in Osaka, the Inland Sea., and the Lillchiu Islands, but in recent years has Each School has its independent faculty been in Kobe. and its own institutional life, and together they form one interdenominational institu- *** tion with the unity of common aim and spirit. DR. IDA S. SCUDDER, of Vellore, India, sailed on May 12th, returning to her field. Hartford Seminary Foundation. Hartford. Conn. Dr. Scudder's addresses, allover the conn- try, during her furlough, were a large factor in the success of the campaign for the Women's Union C•olle*ges•.

DR. ADOLI' KELLER is in the United States as a representative of the Central Bureau for Relief of Evangelical Churches in Europe', to bring to the attention of Amer- ican Protestants, in a concrete and personal way, the results of the survey of European . church conditions and needs which has heen made under his direction. MR. C. A. DANA has resigned on account ~orbon of his health the position he has so long and so honorably held as Manager of the Amer- ican (Presbyterian) Mission Press at Beirut, and his place is being taken by Rev. Paul Erdman.

o RE'V. W. PATON, an English WesleY&Jl' missionary, and the Indian Y. M. C. A. THEOLOGICAL, Mission- leader, K. T. PaUL, are the two secretaries ary, Religious-Educational elected by the National Christian Conneil College course of 4 years, of India, an organization similar to the college degree of Th.B. Grad- National Conneil of China.. uate School of Theology, 3-year course, degree of B.D. DR. AND MRS. SHERWOOD EDDY AND DR. STANLEY JONES began their evangelistic tour An embodiment of the high- of India about January 18th after very en- est ideals of evangelical culture couraging meetings in China and the Phil- and unity. ippines. Dr_ and Mrs. Eddy left India on India on March 7th to return to America by NATHAN R. WOOD, President way of Europe.

GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY * * .. AND MISSIONS OBITUARY Boston, MllsBachusetta DR. JAMES A. MACDONALD, one of the prominent Christian leaders of the Canadian Presbyterian Church, and for thirteen years editor of the Toronto Globe, died on May .. . 14th, aged sixty·one.

RE'V. ARTHUR H. ALLEN, a devoted sup' porter of the missionary work of the Re- formed Church in America, and synodical secretary of the Presbyterian Church in New York State, died recently after a long ill- ness.

Pleaae mention T~ MISSJONART RlIvmw OF "'HE WORLJ) in writing to advertisers. ~e MOSLEM WORLD c-1 QUA~TERL Y MAGAZINE Published in JANUARY, APRIL, JULY, OCTOBER Edited by SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Cairo, Egypt ASSOCIATE EDITORS, REV. H. U. WEITBRECHT STANTON. Ph.D .. London. REV. W. ST. CLAIR TISDALL. Ph.D.• London· PROF. D. B. MACDONALD. M.A.. D.D.: Hartford. yonn. MR. MARSHALL BROOMHALL. London.

CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER. B.A.. Ca"o. Egypt. REV. E. M. WHERRY. D.D.• India.

REV. W. G. SHELLABEAR. D.D., Madison. N. J. REV. ARTHUR JEFFREY. M.A.. Cairo. Egypt.

REV. S. RALPH HARLOW, M.A.. Smyrna.

This is the only English magazine which gives first-hand contemporary information from the missionary point of view regarding the World of Islam as a whole. During the current year it has contained articles by expert writers on Government and Islam in Africa: The Caliphate Historically Considered: Direct Evangelism in India: The Influence of Islam on African Native Law: Modern Persian and Afghan Thinking: The Peasant Turk: Saint Worship in India: What to Preach to Moslems.

Its Chronicle of Current Events is unique. Book reviews and a survey of periodicals appear in each number.

SUBSCRIPTIONS WILL BE RECEIVED AT ANY OF THE FOLLOWING OFFICES I THE EVANGELICAL PRESS, Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. MISSIONARY LITERATURE SUPPLY, The Church House, Great Smith Street, West- minster, S. W. 1, London, England. NILE MISSION PRESS or C. M. S. BOOKSHOP, Cairo, Egypt. CHINA MISSION BOOK COMPANY, Shanghai, China. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY OF INDIA, Madras, India.

Price in U. S. A., $2.00, or 50 cents per copy; in Britain, 8 •• per annum, or 2•• per copy Send For The Book,lef Stony Brook School mda'l) FOR BOYS Every style of A preparatory school where all in- Bible for .ale. struction has a foundation of Chris- tian faith and principles; where the LEARN how to make a safe study of the Bible has a commanding investment and secure an place in the curriculum; where the assured income for life yield. chief aim is to develop Christian ing from 4 %to 8 %according character in conjunction with sound to age. academic training.

No Anxiety. Preparesfor colleges,technicalschools, No Fluctuations. or business. University-trained fac- No Inheritance Taxes. ulty maintaining the highest aca- demic standard. Outdoor sports A real hObd with a dObatiob feature endorsed including swimming, football, basketby leading churchea of all denominatiolla ball, tennis, track. All athletics care- fully supervised. Write for Booklet No.7 Only twenty new students can be NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY admitted for 1923-24. Applications for entrance, therefore, will be con- OlJe3/ Bible Sodetuln New Yo~ sidered in the order in which they are received. F r catalog, address 5 East 48th Street New York JOHN F. CARSON, D.D., LL.D., Presidebt, or FRANK E. GAEBELEIN, A.M., Pribeipal . Box E, Stony Brook, Long Islabd, N.Y.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY Ruvmw OF .THll WORLD In writing to advertisers. A Book to be Owned and Read by all Christian Forces A New Book By JOHN R. MOTT General Secretary of the blternational Committee of Young Men's Christian Associations Confronting Young Men with The Living Christ CLOTH, $1.50 The heart of Dr. Mott's message, given during the past thirty years to the men and boys of forty nations, is in this series of addresses. In a recent continent-wide tour, speaking before tens of thousands, he made such a profound impression, sounded such a clear note of advance, that calls for publication became insistent.

Eight of these addresses were chosen. They are comprehensive messages-vigorous, far reaching in their spirit of vision, commanding in their call to immediate service. They deal with the central theme of Christian faith, and light up the issues in the present world situation so that no one can escape a realization of his duty.

They point to the need of discovering and training stronger and more numerous leadership of Christian forces, of holding up the Christ of yesterday and today to the coming generation-men, young men, and boys, susceptible to influence now as never again. .

These are highly personal messages, striking deep, speaking to the individual soul, stirring fundamental emotions, and offering a program of constructive significance.

At any bookstore or from us RIiG. U. S. PAT. OI'F.

ASSOCIATION PRESS t J BOOKS WITH PURPOSE Publication Dept. Inter. Comm. YMCA ~ 347 Madison Avenue New York Please- mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WOEtLD in writing to advertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1919

VIII

New Missionary Books You Need On the TheD1.es of Mission Study for 1919-20: Christian Americanization: Christianity and Human Conservation THE LATEST PUBLICATIONS OF THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT NEW LIFE CURRENTS IN CHINA …………………………….. Mary Ninde Gamewd! New Ute current.s are vital'zing and regenerating Old China. A "moving picture" of the wonderful work being done by Christian Missions. Physically and spiritually they are helping to develop a m;ghty n~ tioD. 1Uns1 rated. Price, cloth. 75 cents; paper, 50 centsj pcstpald.

FOREIGN MAGIC …………………………………………….. . Jean Carter Cochran ~:;e~Ft~i~' ~d~~Yr~! ~, r~~:rts.an£~!:l~~~n:uij~ltif;uCh~er:ilh ~ ~~~tlet~~~~ Illustrated. P£ice. $1.50, postpaid, CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION ………………………………. Dr. Charles A. Brook., Here is a valuable book ror those who are striving to accomplish the Hafter-the-war" tusks. It outlines the part the church must take in solving new problem~. Illust.rated. Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

MINISTERS OF MERCy……………. . …………………. . Dr. Jam.. II. Franklin The storie~ or ten famou!'!' medical missiona,ries are told in the ten chapt,ors of this book. Wonderful glimpses oi Christian missions in the fj~ar East. Illustrated.

Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; postpaid.

THE HONORABLE CRIMSON TREE ………………………………… .Anita B. Fnri, The boys and girls of China, :with their childIsh hopes an? trials and amhitions, are singularly I1ke the hoys and girls here at home. Eight brIght and wholesome .tories.

Illustrated. Price, cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

ORDER FROM YOUR DENOMINATIONAL MISSION BOARD OR FROM THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT, 160 Fifth Ave., New York Let One Magazine Do YOU CAN STAY AT HOME the Work of Many and We have many requests from libraries for PREACH THE GOSPEL TO issues of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW MOHAMMEDANS OF THE WORLD that are entirely out of stock. They need them to complete their through files to use for reference. We have to refuse these requests but you may be able to help The American Christian Literature meet this demand. In case you do not keep Society for Moslems a file of the REVIEW, do not discard your copies. Send them to us and they can still (Incorporated in 1915) send their message through the libraries. We will gladly pay you the amount we This Society is Interdenominational receive for copies of the following issues: Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on the Fields The Literature is Adapted to Moslems The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively They go where no Missionaries are allowed They can be read in secret and repeatedly February, 1917 October, 1918 Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. October, 1917 November, 1918 Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? February, 1918 December, 1918 tn~~:~t':n!~~i~~~o~f:~liari~~ e::t~ship, needs, sample July, 1918 January, 1919 August, 1918 March, 1919 MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Seuelory April, 1919 Box 888, New York City Address correspondence and return copies to OTHER OFlI'JCERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. &mueJ M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pre8id~nt Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vice President The Business Department Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President The Missionary Review Publishing Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Borden COD1.pany, Inc. Mrs. Wm. B. Hiil Dr. Frank Ma<;()n North Miss Anna L. Dawes 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mes. Finley J. Shepard Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GIFTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention TIlE: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers ~FAC,,,T_S., ""W"" O~"R-T"H""Q""U,O,,T,IN,-G,~ Only twclIty thousand of the 1~().UO() Chinese lahorers sent to France to help win the war have as yet returned to their homes. The remaining 120,000 are kept in Eur()re to assist in rehuilding devastated areas. Sixty-nine Chri"itlan workers re- cently met to consider how hest to COIl"erve the results of l11issiona:y effort among these Chinese. (See page 562.) One of the hopeful s'gns of Christian awakening in Spain is that last year the sales of Bibles increased over thirty per CC111. Protestant churches there have united in a Spanish Evangelical Alliance and are enlphasizing Christian educatiotl. Spain may h~' ob1iged to liberalize hel' constitution and to give tTIore_ complete religiol1" liberty in order to qualify for membership in the League of Nations. (See page 563.) Canada is p:-oilloting all Interchurch Forward lviovcment for missions. The aim of the campaign is distinctly spiritual, and the plans include a National Executive C01TlIuittee, COllll11ittees for each province and a national Conference to discuss the whole task. (See page 565.) Chinese Christians are forming home luissionary societies, and one of these in Nanking has sent out an appeal to the native churches, urging the obligation of carrying the Gospel to distant pans of China. (See page 565.) A building is to be erected in Shanghai to house the China Continuation Com- mittee. and to be a headquarters fur the varions union mission agencies there. One hundred and fifty missionaries have cooperated in preparing a "Survey of China." which the committee expect to publish in 1920. The Christian forces are seeking to formulate plans to promote statesmanship. (See page 566.) The British and Foreign Bihle Society distributed hetween nine and teu million Testa- lnents in seventy-six languages among cOlnbatants and labor battalions during the war. The American Bible Society and other organtzations distributed several mil- lions more copies. Vith demobilization. these volumes are being carried to the ends of the earth. Six hundred and fifty versions of the Bible have been printed, representing the spoken languages of seven-tenths of the human race. (See page 571.) Within fifty years the work of the Salvation Army has been established in no less than sixtY-lhree separate countries and colonies, fratn the Arctic Circle to the iar South, in the Orient and in Africa. among Zulus and Kaffirs. Its outposts nnmber 9859, and there are 1231 rescue and industrial institutions. (See page 581.) Rahai missionaries have been in America for more than twenty years, and a few thomand have become enmeshed in Bahai sentimentalities. They have established congregations. promoting what they call "The National Association of the Uni- versal Religion." They even send workers to Pe-sia. the home of Bahaism, to strengthen the canse there. (See page 591.) Far-reaching reforms in the 1(oman Catholic Church of Bohemia are demanded by 17,000 priests of that country. Among these reforms are the use of the mother tongue in religions services, the permission for priests to marry, and change in the educational system for priests. (See page 622.) The Christian message has been giveu pnblicity in four of the daily papers of Tokyo, so that Christianity is becoming a leading topic of conversation on rail- roads, in public places and even in out of the way villages. (See page 627.) There are one bundred and fifty million women in India, nearly half of whom are high class Hindus or Mohammedans, and cannot be reached by any but women physicians. For this vast number there are only one hundred and sixty women physicians. about one-fourth 0 f whom are now on furlough. This shows the im- portance of establishlng medical schools for tbe training of Indian women physi- cians. (See page 617.) NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Are You Looking Japan Day by Day. Edward S. Morse. for 2 vols. Illus. London: Constable. Missionary Information? • 365 nPl. 1919. Rising Japan. Jabcz T. Sunderland, Secure Bound Volumes of The RevieuJ D. D. XI +220 pp. New York and Through a London: Pntnam. $1.25; 5s net. 1918. Special Clearance Sale Report of the Indian Industrial Com- mission, 1911)-18. 481+XII pp. 1.on- Each volume of The Missionary don: H. M. Stationery Office. 45 6d. Review contains 1000 pages of 1919. valuable material and never out- Through Eastern Windows: Life Stories of-date missionary information. of an Indian City. A. J. Marris. Volumes are profusely illustrated IIlus. 166 pp. London: R. T. S. 35. with photographs and maps. od. net. 1919. Any volume of The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day. M. A. Czap- THE MISSIONARY licka. 242 pp. London: Oxford Uni- versity Press; Oxford: Clarendon ~W~WORLD Press. ISs. net. 1919. The Countries and Tribes of the Persian is a veritable cyclopedia of mis- Gulf. S. B. Miles. 2 vols. London: Harrison. £1. lIs. 6d. net. 1919. sionary lrnowledge—always read- The Rage of Islam. Yonan H. Shah- baz. xi+175+vii pp. Philadelphia: able—inspiring-e-ver a valuable Roger 'Williams Press. $1.50. 1918. Report of the United Conference of Mis- reference book. . sionary Societies in British East" Africa. Kiknyu, July 23-26, 1918. We have a limited number of 22 pp. Nairobi: Stationers Ltd. 30c. bound volumes for the years 1918. 1892-93-95-96-97-98-1909-11 -12- The Pacific: Its P<.tst and Future. Guy 13-14-15, which we will dispose H. Scholefield. JIIus. Maps. 352 pp. of at $1.50 per volume post- London: Murray. ISs. net. 1919. paid. Each volume is hand- The Ships of Pe<.tce. Basil Mathews. somely bound in red cloth with Illus. 136 pp. London: Oxford Uni- gold lettering. It is possible for versity Press. 2s. 6d. 1919. you to complete your files of the History of Zionism, 1600-1918. Nahum Review at small cost. This is an Sokolow. Vol. 1. Illus. Ixiii+313 exceptional opportunity. Send pp. London: Longmans. 215. net. your order now before it is too 1919. late. Palestine, Mesopotamia and the Jews. Sir Andrew Wingate, K. C. I. E. xi+ Missionary Review Publishing 290 pp. London: Holness. 5s. net. Company, Inc. 1919. The Little Daughter of Jerusalem. By 156 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK CITY Jules Lemaitre. 8vo. 289 pp. E. P. Du.tton & Company, New York. 1919. Scriptural Authority for Missions. ]. L. Hoffman. 9 pp. Baltimore: Lu- theran Church. $10. 1918. Winning the World. Ixxii+178 pp. Mil- waukee: Young Chnrchman Co. 60c. 1917. The Crisis in Church and College. By G. W. McPherson. 8vo. 238 pp. $1.25. G. W. McPherson, Yonkers, N. Y. 1919. Social Christianity in the New Era. By Chaplain Thomas Tiplady. 8vo. 190 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Com- pany, New York. 1919. The Fundamental Doctrines of the Christian Faith. By R. A. Torrey. 8vo. 328 pp. $1.40. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1918. Greatest Thoughts About Jesus Christ.

By J. Gilchrist Lawson. 8vo. 322 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Com- pany, New York. 1919. Student Witnesses for Christ. By S. Ralph Harlow. 8vo. 83 pp. 60e. Association Press-, New York. 1919.

Please nlention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals JOHN ,WILl,IS BA:>:R, LL,J')" moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, has / been elected Vice-Chairman of the New Era Movement, to succeed the late J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D.

'" '" '" '" '" '" · . '" '" '" '" R:>:v. J. STUARt' HOr.D:>:N, D. D., of London, has been compelled on account of ill health to cancel his engagements to speak in America this summer. R:>:v. EDGAR WHITTAKER WORK, D. D., pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, New York City, has been chosen to succeed the late Dr. A. F. Schaufller as chaIrman of the Executive Committee of the New York Evangelistic Committee.

****** BISHOP FRANK W. W ARNI, who has been in America assisting m the Methodist Centenary Campaign, has sailed for India.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

DR. JOHN W. WOOD, Foreign Secretary of the Protestant Episcopal Board of Missions, has returned from an extended visit to the Far East.

'" '" .. '" * * R:>:v. ADOI,PH K:>:r.r.JlR, pastor of a Reformed Church in Zurich, Switzerland, is visiting the United States as an official representahve of the Protestant churches of Switzerland for the purpose of promoting cordial relationship with American churches.

* .. .. * * * WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., of Swarthmore, Pa., lecturer and newspaper corres- · '" '" '" '" pondent, was under arrest in Egypt for a time because of his alleged activities in connection with the nationalist movement in that country.

'"

· '" '" '" '" REV. J. Y. AITCHISON, D. D., has been selected hy the Baptist General Board of Promotion as its General Secretary.

'"

DR. AUR:>:n T AGI.IALA'J':>:I.A, an Italian preacher and one of seven scholars chosen by the British and Foreign Bible Society to make a new Italian translation of the New Testament and the Psalms, has come to America to conier with Christian leaders · . '" '" '" '" in regard to plans for strengthening Protestantism in Italy. SIR T. F. VICTOR BUXTON, vice-president and honorary treasurer of the Church Missionary Society, died recently in England, as the result of a motor accident. He was also President of the Aborigines' Protective Society and was an authority on aU subjects relating to the African native.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

R:>:v. JOHN G. WHEIlN, general secretary of Methodist Missions in New South Wales, has been elected as President of the Australian Methodist Missionary Society.

'" '" '" * '" '" t!, DR. EMM:>:TT J. SCOTT, secretary to Booker T. Washington for eighteen years, and more recently special assistant to the Secretary of War, has been elected Secretary and Treasurer of Howard University, Washington, D. C.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

R:>:V. WM. A. HILI. has recently been appointed Secretary of Missionary Education for the Northern Baptist Convention. Mr. Hill has been for two years secretary for New England Baptist Missionary Societies.

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DR. G. W. STANL:>:V has been asked by the Secretary of State for India to assist in re-establishing missionary work at Bagdad, Mesopotamia.

DO YOU DIE?

According to scientists "death is Dramaticfailure to respond- to environment." Material A man finally expires when he breathes out without being able to tor breathe in. He is then no longer able to receive and appropriate, and Church Use so is cut off from usefulness. His body may be alive while his mind or A Pageant of The Church his spirit is dead. By Eleanor B. Forman and Mabel E. Some men and women expire long Stone before their time of usefulness should be over. They no longer take Sev(>n episodes in tht' historic growth of and so cannot give. Every month the Church. Showing the contribution some subscribers expire and die- of each epoch to our modem life. others by forethought renew their life with the life of their subscrip- Price 30 cents tions. Some live a year at a time. Others provide for long life. To World FelloUJship which class do you belong? Live and help others to live. Take and By Mathilde J. Vossler and Jeannette give. If your subscription life is Perkins running out renew it now. Sttength'

comes with the renewal.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS When you expect to change your The consecration of all the nations to address we believe it will be a help Christianity. Price 35 cents to you and also to us for you to know how our mailing list is pre- Beneath One Roof pared. It is sent to the addresser to By Consbnce C"';ate Wright have wrappers made on the tenth of Ch2.rity teaches thos.. she finds "beneath the month preceeding the issue to be one roof" to seek happiness through mailed in them. Any renewals or service. Price 25 cents changes of address reaching us after that date cannot be recorded until The Drama of Esther the following month. For example, In three acts of three scenes each. Re- the last revisions for our mailing list o_uires little preparation and is very ef- for this issue, September, were made fective. Price 25 cents before August 10th. Renewals and changes of address that were re- The Christmas Story ceived after that date could no longer By Jane T. Miller be made for the September mailing A Series of table'lux illust.,ted by read- but will be effective beginning Oc- ing' from Ben Hur. Price 20 cents tober. If you will keep this in mind and will notify us in advance you The Counsel will be spared the inconvenience of having to – wait for your magazine By Hazel MacKaye because it has gone to the wrong ad- A ceremom' of today in s~eech and song'

dress or has been lost, as the post- Love and Wisdom seek some Spirit which office seldom forwards magazines. shall bring mankind together. Tolerance Above all, when you change your is revealed as the Spirit which shall bring address please send us word your- enduring Peace. The ceremonial is prac- tical and simple. Price 35 cents.

self instead of depending on our re- ceiving the Post Office notice. That Send for complete List of Plays and Pageants published by always means at least one lost issue, The Womans Press delay and often disappointment. 600 Lexington Avenue •• New York City We pass this "inside information"

on to you because we know you are .., anxious as we are to have things run smoothly. – Please mention Tu. MISSIONARY Rtvn:w 0' "'HE WORLD in writing to advertisers

A three-year educational, financial and spiritual campaign has been launched by

Protestant Episcopal Church in America to consolidate its work in present fields. and to undertake new work in other fields. The underlying motive of the movement is a spiritual awakening of the Church as a whole. (See page 641.) The outlook for quieter conditions in India is encouraging. Mob violence has been strongly disapproved by intelligent Indians, and the Commission appointed to con- sider the franchise in India has reported favorably on "communal representation." This will divert the minds of the people from destructive methods and educate them in the principles of self-government. The recent disturbances have made clear that Christian education _has a restraining influence on disorder. (See page 641.) Energetic measures have been taken by American Christians to put an end to the maltreatment of Koreans. Missionaries in Chosen have sent a delegation to Japan to appeal to the Government, and in America Lhe Federal Council of the Churches has made representations to the Japanese ambassador in Washington, and direct to Premier Hara in Tokyo. (See page 647.) A leading Japanese statesman testifie,s that missionaries have been pioneers in the field of education. Last year the Japanese Parliament voted 40,000,000 yen, and the Emperor gave out of his own purse 10,000,000 yen more for higher educa- tion. Yet this will not adequately meet the intellectnal demand of young Japan. (See page 657.) Of all the causes of anti-Japanese feeling in Chosen, both near and remote, Rev. T. Suzuki, a Japanese Christian, considers selfish imperialism most important. Materialistic patriotism permeates the entire educational policy of Japan, and produces a race unsuited to colonization. Thorough-going reformation in political ideals is called for, and to this end 110 work is so urgent as the evangelization of Japan. (See page 661.) Democratic tendencies are manifest in the Japanese Empire as well as in the rest of the world. Recently two auto loads of Japanese rushed through the streets of Seoul, shouting "Democracy Banzai." (See page 664.) Uke Jewish leaders of Christ's time, Japanese statesmen are trying to bottle llew wine in old 5kins. Tryiug to reconcile antiqnated institutions with modern thonght, democratic idealism with militarism, individualism wi th ancestor worship, and industrialism with feudalistic conceptions of society, have brought a train of problems for which only the Christian solution is adequate. (See page 673.) Forty-eight years ago Japan had only a mere handful of mills. Last year she operated over 25,000 modern mills, and her foreign trade totaled more than two and a half billion yen. This rapid development of economic resources has not been accompanied by a normal adjustment to new conditions, and constitutes a serious handicap in her bid for world power. (See page 676.) Careful estimates give the proportion of women and girls employed in Japanese industry as three-fifths of the total. Thirty-four thousand labor in coal mines, and three-fifths of these are under twenty years of age, while ten per cent are between twelve and fifteen. (See page 680.) A free clinic and dispensary is now being built at Ahualulco, Mexico, where re- ligious instruction will be given to all who apply for treatment, and which is to be named "Sala de Curaciones Stephens," in memory oj the first evangelical Chris- tian martyr in Mexico, Rev. John L. Stephens. (See page 687.) A Japanese peasant sect, Tenrikyo, is said to bave 3,500,000 adherents and 2,000 preaching centers. It is a variation of Shintoism, and in some respects analogous to Christian Science. (See page 70J.) Twenty-one prayer group,S in Korea meet on the last Thursday of every month to pray for Israel. Five hundred Japanese Christians have organized a Prayer Union for Jews, and a similar union in China recently held its eighteenth annual meeting. (See page 704.) A Christian newspaper published at Aintab, Turkey, has a subscription list of four hundred, and is said to be the mo,st important single agency in preventing dis- turbances. Funds for supporting it are supplied by British officers. (See page 797.)

A LIFE SIZED AFRICAN KRAAL AT COLUMBUS

Women at the mill, the drum call, industries and customs were exhibited A PILIPINO HOME AND FILIPINO CHRISTIANS SCENES AT THE METHODIST CENTENARY, COLUMBUS, OHIO LIFE AND WORK IN ALL LANDS WONDERFULLY PRESENTED

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL SEPTEMBER, 1919 NUlIBJlR XLII NINBjI BUDDHISM VS. CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN T HIRTY years ago, when Japan was making such wonderful progress, she unfortuuately took a misstep. Seeing that missionary work, although not in any sense a political organization, had an immense political influence, she feared that the spread of Christianity would lead to the democratization of her government, and possibly to the dominationof the East by America. To avert what she considered a calamity, Japan began to promote Buddhism. The temples which had fallen into decay were rebuilt. Christian methods of propaganda were imitated in the attempt to revive this old and dying religion. The influence of the leaders of Japan was turned against Christianity.

In her ambition to become the dominating force in Asia, Japan is pursuing much the same policy today, in spite of her professed religious liberty. One of her demands on China was to the effect that Japan should be allowed to propagate Buddhism. She has already established in Shanghai the Haloon College for promoting Japanese ideals and Buddhism. The natural sympathy of missionaries with freedom, progress and patriotism in Korea and China, intensifies Japanese suspicion and hostility to Christianity.

What is to be the outcome of this politico-religious crisis? "God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise, and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty." Who would have thought that the simple preaching of repentance and salvation would have thrown off as a by-product so much intelligence and patriotism as to revolutionize the Orient~ Japan herself was reorganized largely through American and Christian influence. China threw off the Manchu yokp and thp decadf'nt monarchy. KOTf'a is now 6U

calliug 011 God to deliver her from Japanese militarism. Missionaries do not preach politics, but God works through political events as well as through the Church.

If only the broad-minded and more intelligent Christian element in Japan can gain control of Japan's policy, things will be different. ThE' Ohurch can help forward the day of freedom and the acknowledgment of God's love, not by political intrigue hut by preaching the Gospel of peace, goodwill and righteousness.

Japan is today facing a crisis. Never before did the nation face such a critical period, according to the judgment of General Hibiki, a prominent Ohristian and member of the Presbyterian Ohurch who has recently returned from France. General Hibiki believes that the religious and spiritual welfare of his people hangs in the balance, with great opportunity for evangelical awakenings. He asks America to send her strongest Ohristian speakers to reach the intellectual classes of the Empire through lectures on Christian theology and practical experience, to cover periods of one or two months. He also is anxious to mobilize the strongest native leaders and send them about from center to center. The Allied nations have had their great financial drives to enable them to provide the sinews of war. Is it not fitting that the Churc,h unite in a great spiritual drive to mobilize the spiritual forces in .Japan and enable them to meet successfully the temptations that come with military victory and material prosperity~ .Japan's great need is for Christian character and this can only be had through the indwelling of Jesus Christ in the individual Japanese. The non-Christian leaders in Japan realize the need of strength of character and purity of ideals in education, business and politics, but most of them do not know the secret of such character. The nation's successes and the virtues of the people in- . crE'ase the difficulty of leading them to see the supreme importance of spiritual life in Christ. This is the opportunity of the Christian Ohurch.

THE SHANTUNG AWARD AND MISSIONS F ROM a purely missionary point of view it may matter little what nation has political control of a given territory or people. The work of establishing the Ohristian Ohurch was no doubt better carried forward in Apostolic days, under the militaristic and materialistic government of Rome, than it would have been under the more idealistic rule of GreE'ce or the more religious domination of the Hebrews. So, today, it is not primarily a missionary question whether British or French, American, Chinese or Japanese power shall be in temporal control of any corner of the globe. Anyone of these governments may establish order and promotf' eivilization. But it is of great importance

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

whether the political "powers that be" mete out impartial justice and guarantee freedom from oppression, and whether they arc controlled by high ideals that make possible enlightenment, peace and liberty of conscience and worship. These are essential for the progress of Christianity and for the welfare of humanity. Thl' Christian Church recognizes God as the one Supreme Ruler, and while Christians acknowledge that, "the powers that be are ordained of God," they hold that only these governments are right, or have a right to exist, that conform to the laws of God. Men owe allegiance to the State, but the requirements of the State must not conflict with man's duty to God.

While the Japanese occupation of Shantung is not in itself a matter of special concern to the missionaries, the administration of justice, freedom from oppression and vice, the enjoyment of full liberty under Japanese or any other rule, is a matter of deep concern to all interested in the progress of the Kingdom of God. Reports from Americans in Shantung state that there are many instances which seem to indicate that the Japanese are endeavoring to establish their authorHy there, not by enlightened mefuods of good government, education and mercy, but by arbitrary military force. The omnipresent spies are ruthlessly seeking to discover anti-Japanese propaganda, which the anthorities combat with a strong hand. Such things naturally create opposition, and, as onl' result, the school girls of Peking have issued a circular statingthat 200,000,000 women of China are interested in the fate of Shantung and will support the men in their fight for justice. There is also a well organized boycott of Japanese goods and money among Chinese in the province.

Unfortunately, also, the Japanese authorities seem to be manifesting in some ways their antagonism to Christian missions and their lack of sympathy with Christian ideals. A correspondent writes: "Our (mission) work is quite broken up; evangelists ar0 nfrnid to preach, Chinese teachers fear to teach; people have their Bibles seized; the populace is enraged and terrified." The authorities have recently expelled one of the Chinese Christian teachers in the Mission College at Tsinan for distributing patriotic pamphlets.

The Japanese people' have many excellent qualifications for conducting an enlightE'nE'd civil government, which might make any pE'ople welcome their cooperation in efforts to establish freedom find civilization. Three great faults are, however, manifest in their rule in Korea and in China. These cause unrest in thE' territory they control and awaken deep concern in the minds of all who seek to promote Christian civilization. First, Japanese dependence on military power and methods as the basis of peace iR coupled with hE'r large use of spies to diRcovef what she COll-

siders subversive movements. Second, Japan's suspicion and ignorance Qf Christianity leads her officrrs to count as treason the Christian teaching of the "Second Coming of Christ," lest His Kingdom should interfne with Japan's program. Third• . Japan's secret and selfish diplomacy destroys confide nee in her sincerity and nohility of purpose as expressed in the public utter- ances of some of her statesmen. These faults would be as objec- tionable in any other nation, but they are especially injurious to the government that has recently become a "first-class power" and is seeking to establish a reputation for justice and enlightenment.

As a missionary correspondent in China writes : ' 'But for God and prayer the lovers of China would be in despair."

RECENT DISTURBANCES IN INDIA R EPORTS are only just beginning to come from India to show the gravity of some of the disturbances there. Rights and demonstrations have been numerous, especially in Mohammedan seclions like the Punjab. Some lives have been lost and conditions are critical. The spirit of unrest is general and the desire for self-government prevails; but while the British are committed to some rdorm measures, and will grant these as fast as the people show ability to profit by them, the agitations will probably delay for some years the granting of political reforms in India. The action of the mob in attacking Europeans and in destroying Government property has been strongly disapproved by Indians, especially the educated classes. This does not mean that the people are satisfied, but they recognise that the Government is [strong and is determined to maintain law and order, and therefore they advise quiet. The method adopted by the new Amir of Afghanistan to secure his throne by invading India may also have had a quieting influence, for no Indian wishes his country to be invaded by Afghans. The present outlook is brighter, and if the Government will bring forward their proposals for the government of the country in a practical form as soon as possihle it will be a great pacifier. The publication of the Act to confer additional powers on the people of India would give the people something upon which to exercise their minds and educate them in the principles of self-government. They would thus be diverted from anarchist and destructive idealS to consider constructive and practical methods of government. There is great need for a campaign to educate the masses of India politically. During the recent agitation the way in which the Government was misrepresented shows that evil and designing men misled the masses. The educated must help to form a true public opinion.

The Commission appointed to consider the franchise in India has practically reported in fllvor of "communal representation,"

for as long as people think only in terms of their caste or sectarian community, they cannot take broad national views. Communal representation is not however the ideal desired. – The Anglo-Indian press traces the cause of the trouble to Bolshevik activity, and the Indian pres,s traces it to the Oriminal Investigation Department, and what is called the Rowlatt Act. Dr. E. D. Lucas, Principal for Forman Christian College, Lahore, writes that in his opinion the real roots of the trouble are the economic dist'ress; the unjust enforcement of the recruiting laws amongst the peasantry; the extremist politicians who desire almost immediate home-rule; the great mass of inexperienced students in the large cities; an uneasy feeling that India will not get her just reward for having helped the British Government in the great war; the unwise propaganda against the Rowlatt Act and the unsympathetic actions of certain EngliJsh officials.

One Scene of the disturbance last April was Lahore, where the Forman Christian College students were involved with the students of other colleges in the city. Black banners, inscribed with patriotic sentiments, were carried in procassions, and when these students clashed with the police a number were slain. Shops we're closed and martial law was proclaimed. Forman Christian College buildings were occupied by British troops, other colleges were put under martial law, and one medical college was closed fOT five months. Dr. Lucas was requested to conduct an educational campaign to explain to the student class the nature of the Rowlatt Act, about which there wa:s much misunderstanding. A meeting was called of all principals of colleges and head maste'rs of schools in Lahore, and a very successful campaign of education was conducted.

One thing was made clear in Lahore-that the Christian influence of a mission college ha:s a restraining influence on disorder, and prepares the young men of India for responsible self-government. The impressionable and excitable students must be steadied and taught self-control, and must learn the principles of righteous- ness and good government.

A "NATION WIDE" EPISCOPAL CAMPAIGN A THREE-YEAR, spiritual educational and financial campaign is the program of the Protestant Episcopal Church to strengthen and consolidate its work in its present fields and for new tasks in hitherto uncultivated fields.

A large sum, running into the tens of millions of dollars, is to be raised in the three-year period, the larger share of which will be spent at home, but with a considerable amount left to further the work in foreign mission fields. In America, the money is to be used to further the Church's work among the immigrants, to obtain and train reoruits to carry out the increased work, to build up and

strengthen the churches materially, and to find a real substitute for the saloon. The underlying motive of the whole movement is a spiritual awakening through exerting the full spiritual power of the Church upon the whole, world-wide task now confronting it.

The campaign will be conducted on a national scate, and with, it is hoped, the united backing of every diocese and missionary di:s- trict, so that the final result will be a re-awakening of spiritual life in every branch of the Church organization. More than seventy- five of the Bishops have already endorsed the movement, and it is believed that the others will do so.

The purposes of the national campaign have been officially presented as follows: 1. To bring the spiritual power of the Church to bear upon the Church's whole task.

2. To secure and train an increased and adequate number of people for ChTistian leadership-clerical and lay.

3. In consultation with the proper authorities, to care for the financial needs of all the Provinces, Diocelses and Missionary Dis- tricts of a missionary, religious, educational or social service nature.

4. To care, on a yearly bwsis for three years, for the financial needs of all the General Boards, including such general agencies as the mrl's Friendly Society, the Church Periodical Club, etc.

Every general agency of the Church will be included-the Board of Missions,· the General Board of Religious Education and the Joint Commissions on Social Service; the two auxiliaries of the Board of Missions, the Woman'iS Auxilia>ry and the American Church Institute for Negroes; also such organization'S as the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, the Girls' Friendly Society, etc.

A survey will be made of all the work of the Episcopal Church at home and abroad, covering all departments of the work, to ascertain what work is now under way, how it can be improved and what new undertakings should be entered upon; committees will be formed in each Diocese to cooperate with the Bishop and with the national organization; and a combined budget will be made up, based upon the survey, covering all the needs of the geneTal agencies. and, if the Bishop approve, of each Diocese. Hence the exact amount to be raised through the national campaign cannot be told until the surveys are all in. An every member canvass will take place in the fall and in the meantime a program of education and inspiration will be carried on throughout the whole Church.

The campaign :Us in charge of the Campaign Executive Committee consisting of Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd, the Treasurer of the Board of Missions, Miss Grace Lindley, Rev. Dr. Robert W. Patton, National Directo'r, and Rev. R. Bland Mitchell, named as manager of the Central Office.

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TEAOHING MISSIONS TO MULTITUDES WHO would have conceived, a few years ago, of the possibility of inaugurating a mission study class of fifty or sixty thousand a day to cover a period of twenty-four days? Add to this the fact that the preparation for this class took many months, cost over one million dollars, and that the area covered by the demonstration was over one hundred acres. Add still further to the program that for this mission study, men and women were brought from all over the world, that government officials, statesmen and business men, professors, philanthropistf', bishops, missionaries, secretaries and pastors wore the teachers. Yet this gives only a slight conception of what has been actually done by one denomination-or twins-at the Methodist Oentenary celebration, which was held at Oolumbus, Ohio, from June 20th to July 13th, inclusive.

This celebration partook of the character of a Missionary World's Fair, a visit to most of the mission fields of the world (home and foreign), a gigantic mission study class and a demonstration of what Ol1ristian missions have done and are doing for mankind. Over 10,000 people were employed in connection with this missionary exhibition. They included one thousand boys, who acted as Oentenary Oadets, over four thousand demonstrators and lecturers for the exhibits, and a chorus, orchestra and performers in the pageant numbering over 2,000. The attendance was from 20,000 to 75,000 a day, and one who wished to study the whole exhibition and hear all the lectures would require at least fifteen days.

Several remarkable features of the celebration should be noted. First, it was wonderfully well organized under the direction of Dr. S. Earl Taylor, Dr. Fred B. Fisher, Mr. H. B. Dickson and the various heads of departments. One whole huilding was devoted to the administrative offices.

Second, the magnitude of the undertaking was remarkable. There were thousands of men and women giving their whole time to the work. There were huge buildings-one seating over 8,000 peopJe-and a grandstand with larger capacity. The huge screen for open air stereopticon pictures measured over one hundred feet in diameter and human figures thrown on it were over twenty feet tall. Great buildings were devoted to exhibits from various countries and the painted scenery reproduced wit h remarkable 647

exactness the setting of mission work in other lands. The daiJy official program noted some two hundred or more events and the Ohio State Journal devoted four pages daily to an illustrated supplement under the editorship of Rev. Charles Stelzle.

Third, there WB:S a wonderful variety in the methods of instruction. The pageant gave an artistic and dramatic demonstration of the purpose and power of Christianity; the history and habits of the peoples of every nation and tongue were shown in curios, models, charts and pictures. Houses, temples, shops, restaurants and streets were reproduced in lifelike character and proportions. There were motion pictures, demonstrations, tableaux and lectures to explain the customs in various lands and the methods of missionary work. In the North Africa section there was a daily debate between a missionary and a Moslem to show the arguments for and against Christianity. There were contrasts-as in Chinashowing the native method of treating disease with iron needles and disgusting potions as compared to the methods of modern science. There were the mission chapels in each country, in which sample misHion services were conducted.

Fourth, each mission field was shown by unique methods and exhibits. China had its mission hospital and its large temples of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. India had its bathing ghats of Benares, its heathen temple, schools, homes of high and low caste, and its marriage scenes and mission work. Japan had its garden with bridge, waterfall and torii j its kindergarten, with real Japanese children, and its houses and shops. Malaysia had its Malay and Borneo houses, its mechanical model of a Filipino mountain village. Latin America was rich in churches, homes of the peon and the aristocrat, and Aztec scenes. Central Africa had its.kraal with stockade and a dozen huts, with women grinding corn, and men beating the drum, while North Africa showed the Moorish village, harem, bazaar, camel and other life touches. Europe showed the areas devastated by war and the plans for reconstruction. Norih America contained Eskimo huts, Indian tepees, homes of southern mountaineers, a miniature Ellis Island, a model community church and countless other attractions. But, aside from the lectures by missionaries, the most impressive feature of the exhibition to those who knew their significall(=" was the number of native Christians drawn together as followers of Christ from almost every nation under Heaven. There were American Indians, once ignorant blanket warriors, now Christian preachers; and black faced Africans, whose hearts have been made white and whose minds have been educated; there were Filipino Christians, men and women, with beautiful faces; there were Chinese, Japanese and Koreans, all living and working together in harmony. Men and women from India and Burma showed the power of God

EDITORIAL COMMENT

to transform worshippers of Vishnu and Buddha, and to bring all castes and people into one family.

This exhibition by one dwomination shows what might be accomplished in a united demonstration. Many features failed to do more than interest or amuse, and some were valueless from a missionary standpoint, but most of the exhibits were highly instructive and could not fail to make a lasting impression. There is danger in over e,mphasizing the novel and the dramatic in missionary work, but eye-gate and ear-gate, are twin entrances to the brains and hearts of men. Duty must not be neglected because it is uninteresting, but neither need a vision or a task be considered less spiritual and diviIH~ because it is made attractive.

THE CHURCHES AND THE INTERCHURCH T HE SUCCESS of the Interchurch World Movement will depend, first, on the nearness of its ideals and plans to the program of God; second, on the spiritual emphasis and power in each department of the work; third; on the sanity, energy, and Christ-likeness of the leaders; and fourth, on the extent and heartiness of the cooperation of various sections of the Christian Church. The first means right aims; the second, real power; the third, satisfactory machinery; and the fourth, the necessary sinews of war-both men and money.

The ideals of the Movement have been clearly defined and effective machinery is being set up and put in operation. It is the other two factors that are not yet fully determined. 'The Movement was inaugurated by Church leaders and has been approved by some seventy official denominational and interchurch boards, including home and foreign missionary and educational agencies; interdenominational organizations, such as the Bible Society, the Tract Society, the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Y. P. S. C. E. and the Laymen's and MisHionary Education Movement. These have all expressed approval. though the real relation of the interchurch program to the nOll-denominational organizations is not yet determined. It is not certain, for instance, whether the Y. M. C. A. will be officially related or how close will be the cooperation of such missionary agencies as the China Inland Mission, the Christian and Missionary Alliance and independent Christian workers in city, home and foreign fields. Their work cannot be ignored in any world program, but they are not denominational societies. , The following reports show the official action taken by some of the denominational bodies and indicate their attitude toward the Movement.

The Seventh Day Baptist general conference was to meet August 19-25th and to reach some decision on its relation to the

movement. Concerning this a further announcement will be made later.

The Northern Baptist Convention assembled in Denver last May and adopted the following resolutions in regard to the Movement: "Resolved, That the Northern Baptist Convention, reaffirming the im- perative duty of. Baptists to bear full testimony to the full truth in Jesus Christ as they find it taught in the New Tesament, and recognizing the right of each local church to determine its own duty without dictation or control by any outside human authority, expresses its readiness to cooperate in the Interchurch World Movement of North America on the following condi- tions: "First, that we be represented in the joint survey of the home and for- etgn fields by members of our denomination appointed by the denomination, and while giving careful consideration to the report of such survey, we reserve unimpaired the freedom to follow our own convictions of truth and the leadings of divine Providence.

Second, that a joint campaign of information and inspiration be con- ducted for the promotion of stewardship.

"Third, that a simultaneous financial campaign be promoted in which each denomination shall present its own budget to its own constituency, secure its own pledges, collect the same, and administer its own program of expansion.

"Fourth, that the Baptists who are officers of the Interchurch World Movement, members of its Executive Committee and of its General Com- mittee be selected by the Northern Baptist Convention.

Fifth, that in our cooperation with the Interchurch World Movement we act through the General Board of Promotion of the Northern Baptist Convention. It is assumed that the State Conventions will act through their respective State organizations.

Sixth, that evangelical denominational bodies only be represented in the Interchurch World Movement.

"Seventh, that the Interchurch World Movement do not promote organic union of denominations or of local churches, or the establishment of local church federations, or non-denominational churches. .

"Eighth, that the literature and promotion methods of the Interchurch World Movement be not in contravention of these principles, and that we reserve the right to supplement the literature of the Movement by literature prepared by our own denomination."

This action was a compromise between those who would have been ready for unreserved and complete cooperation and a considerable number who prefer no relation to the Movement whatever. Some local experiences with nominal federation efforts had created complications and caused prejudice against the Movement. Many prefer to restrict the financial appeal to organize church activities because of a fear that the simultane,ous appeal to the same persons for several distinct causes would not produce the best results. Since the Baptist churches are congregational in government, the vote of the Convention will have no more authority with the individual churches than each ·wishes to accord to it.

The Congregational Churches have not yet taken official action

through their National Coullcil, but the Commission on Missions and the various home, foreign, educational and Sunday-school boards have voted to cooperatf'. Some changes may be made in view of the action of the Baptists and Presbyterians.

.The National Baptist Convention (colored) is to meet in Newark, N. J., on September tenth and will then take final action on the subject. It is expected that the Convention will vote to cooperate with the Movement.

The Disciples of Christ have had no convention to act upon th(~ question of participation, but the missionary boards have entered pnthusiastically into the program.

The Christian Church in its quadrennial convention at Conneaut, Ohio, in A.pril, "endorsed the purposes and aim of the Movement and pledged its hearty cooperation."

The American Friends, through the executive committee of the Five Years Meetings, expressed sympathy and unity with the Movement and the determination to cooperate fully. The details were left to a Forward Movement Committee. Other ]1~riends boards have also expressed hearty approval.

The Lutheran Church has not yet taken definite action, as their general convention has not convened.

The Methodist Episcopal Church has heartily endorsed the Movement through the action of its various boards and Bishops, and has furnished much of the fundS, the men and the machinery to inaugurate the work. They have, however, recently completed a successful campaign in which they secured pledges for about $100,- 000,000 for the work of the Church, at home and abroad, in the next five years. The General Oonvention will not meet until 1920.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has taken Mtion through the annual meeting of the Board of Missions as follows: "The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has always stood for the most hearty cooperation between all evangelical churches, and we stand ready to cooperate in every practical way with those who have in hand this Movement in the interest of closer relationship between the churches of Ohrist in America; "But in view of the fact that we, as a Church, have just completed our Centenary Drive, we do not see our way clear to participate in another drive for funds such as is contemplated by the Interchurch W orId Movement.

"However, we offer to the leaders of this Movement the benefIt of our experience in organization and methods and the results of all onr various surveys; and we declare our willingness to cooperate in a more extended and minute survey of religious conditions in the United States and in foreign fields, and we recommend that our secretaries be instl'Ucted to prepare for and enter

upon such cooperation in consultation with the executive committee of this Board."

The African lliethodist Episcopal Church expresses sympathy with the Movement, but have not thus far taktn any definite action.

The Methodist Protestant Chrurch has not yet been able to act, as the general conference will not be held until uext year. The officials of the church boards, hav~, however, expressed approval of the Movement and have voted to cooperate. They are in the midst of a quadrennial campaign for missions and education. The officials are opposed to organic union with other denominations.

The United Brethren in Christ have not held any meeting of the general conference, but the executive committees of the various Boards of the church have voted to cooperate in the Movement, but to what extent has not been considered.

The Moravians, through the directors of the Society for Prol1<1sating the Gospel, have heartily endorsed the Movement ami expressed approval of it and willingness to cooperate, provided it does not involve them in preliminary budget and overhead expenses out of proportion to any financial returns which may be reasonably expected from the Moravian constituency; and provided further, that it is clearly understood that it is impossible to determine accurately Moravian responsibilities in the foreign field until it is known whether or not Moravian missions can be administered internationally as before the war.

The PTOtesiani Episcopal Church is not able, through its Board of Missions, to cooperate with the Interchurch Vorld Movement. The Board is, however, keenly interested and has commended the Movement to the consideration of the Bishops. An "Every Name Campaign" is now being promoted in the Church, and the resulting survey, with recommendations, will be submitted to the next general convention.

The PI'esbyterian Ch~trch (North) voted at the general assembly in St. Louis, last May, to commit the whole question of cooperation with the Movement to the executive commission of the assembly, with power to act within the limits of five principles, namely: (1) That the cooperative movement, as above specified, be one of agencies of evangdical churches. (This specification rules out non-evangelical churches and non-ecclesiastical organizations.) (2) That in the proposed cooperation, the Presbyterian Church shall function through its committee on the New Era Mowment.

(3) That the cooperation shall involve the following features: (a) a common survey of the home and foreign fir Ids; (b) a united ~ropaganda to reach the whole Protestant Church of North America in (;lducational and inspirational campaigns; (c) a simul-

1I1l~1 EDITORIAL COMMENT

taneous campaign to realize the budgets; (d) a full presentation to the Interchurch Movemrnt of the Presbyterian budget for all the boards and agencies as approved by the exeC'utive commission.

(4) That the cooperation shall be upon the condition that funds raised by the Presbyterian churches and agencies shall be paid to and distributed through the regular channels of the Presbyterian Church..

(5) That no financial obligations for the administrative expenses of the Interchurch Movement shall be incurred by any of our boards or agencies without the authorization of the general assembly or its executive commission.

"There the matter rests for the present as far as the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. is concerned. The executive commission is thus left free to proceed to cooperation within the ahovespecified principles. It is also left free to do nothing, if that seems to be the wise course. The Presbyterian Church is waiting for fuller information, but desires to cooperate with every organization laboring for the coming Kingdom of Christ."

The Presbyterian Church (South) also took action, at its general assembly in May, expressing gratification and approval of the Movement, endorsed the action of the executive committee, and votrd to cooperate, provided that such action would not interfere with the denominational program on foot to secure $12,000,000 fo~ benevolrnces. Plans for participation in the Movement was re-. ferred to the general assE'mbly's stewardship committee.

The United Presbyterian Church at its General Assembly recommended: "That the Assemhly approve the full cooperation of our Church with the Interchurch World Movement in its proposed campaign, in so far as it may not interfere with the recognized missionary and financial policies and methods of the United Presbyterian Church, and on condition that a lar~e majority of the principal denominations agree to cooperate in this Movement."

The Reformed Church in America, at its general synod in June, adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That we set the seal of our sympathetic endorsement upon the Movement. . . . . . and that we empower the Boards of our Church and the Progress Campaign Committee to cooperate with the Interchurch Movement in so far as they can do so in harmony with their work."

This action was intended to express the sympathy of the denomination with the Movement and to give the boards liberty of action in developing their cooperation with the Movement, which would be essrntial to the plans already adopted by these boards.. A Reformed Church Progress Campaign is now fully under way.

The Rf'formed Chtlren in the 1'nitcd States took definite action when the Board of ForE'ign MissionI', at its annual meeting held

last February, "gave its hearty f'ndorsement to the plan of the Interchurch World Movement," and when the general synod endorsed the Movement last March and "offered cooperation. " These two actions are interpreted to mean that the Reformed Ohurch "regards the Interchurch Vorld Movement as a united effort to lift to a higher plane the entire work of the Ohurch of Ohrist. There seems to be a practical unanimity as to the need @f such a Movement in order to carry to a successful issue the smaller movements in the several denominations." A forward movement has been authorized by the general synod with a goal of $6,000,000 for the boards and institutions of the Ohurch.

JAPAN AND THE KOREAN REVOLUTION W E PUBLISH this month various statements relating to the distressing situation in Korea. Baron Goto's address delivered in New York speaks a word in behalf of the Japanese Government; a Japanese Ohristian viewpoint, is found iu an article published in the Japanese press, and other quotations are given from missionaries and eye witnesses in Ohosen. We have purposely omitted the most extreme and bitter reports and denunciations of Japan issued by Koreans connected with the In- . dependence Movement. The evidence presented is convincing that the Japanese anthorities in Korea have been cruel and inhuman in their treatment of the Korean men and women whose only crime was an earnest desire for freedom. These Koreans were unarmed and for the most part confined their riots to the shouting of "Manzai," the closing of shops, and peaceful demonstrations in the streets. It is reported that a thousand people have been killed and six thousand imprisoned.

While Korean Ohristians have naturally been connected with the demonstrations, as lovers of liberty and leaders in reform mov('- ments, they have counseled moderation and peaceful measures. They have been ready to suffer with courage, but have sought to prevent violence. In spite of this, the Japanese have seemed to be especially bitter against the Ohristians and in one instance at least are reported to have gathered the Ohristian men in a .church, to have slain them and then set fire to the whole village.

The situation is still critical. While the active demonstrations have ceased and the most violent repressive measures of the Japanese government have been discontinued, the spirit of unrest prevails. Schools have been closed since March because teachers and pupils in many places refused to attend. Church services haY<.' been discontinued because of Japanese terrorism, and shops were only kept open under threat of the gendarmes.

The missionaries have kept aloof from the political phases of the disturbance, but as men and women with heart and conscienc('.

1919J EDITORIAL COMMENT

they could not stand idly by and see, without r~IDOnstrtlnoo, unanned old men and children shot, bayonetted and clubbed, young girls and· women stripped and abused by the police and every kind of indignity and abuse jnflicted on the people, to whom the missionaries are devoting their lives. They are in peculiar need of our prayers for, while they do not consider themselves in personal danger, their position is one of extraordinary difficulty.

Energetic measures have been taken by American Christians to put an e·nd to the maltreatment of Koreans. The missionaries in Ohosen have appealed to local Japanese authorities and before the Governor-General, and have sent a delegation to Japan to lay the matter before the government. In America, the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches, through its "Committee on Oriental Relationships," has made representations to the Japanese ambassador at Washington and direct to Premier Hara in Tokyo. Some publicity has been given to the affair in the press, but the great mass of evidence has not yet been made public.

The chief cause of the trouble seems to be the failure of Japan to give Korea a civil government, or to put into operation a system which could ,yin the respect and cooperation of the Koreans. The milita,ry party in Japan, which has been in control in Korea, has been characterized by the same system and ideals that have brought German militarism into disrepute. The Japanese have not Christian ideals and have ruled Koreans with an iron hand. Many of the officials in Chosen have feared and hated the Christian Church. Thev have not understood the Korean language, nor their ideals, "and have endeavored to force upon their wards Japanese milita,ry ideals and institutions. If peace and prosperity are coming to Korea there must be a change in the Japanese policy. The Honorable Yukio Ozaki, formerly mayor of Tokyo, Minister of Education and Minister of Justice in Marquis Okuma's cabinet, has disapproved of the militaristic policy in Korea and has expressed the opinion that the time has corne when "Korpans must be given a stronger voice in their government."

Word has just been received (August 21) to the effect that Japan will immediately replace the military by a civil government in Chosen, and will establish other reforms to benefit the Koreans. Among these reforms are the abolition of all distinction between Japanese and Koreans, politically, socially and otherwise. The military governor is to be replaced by a civil g-overnor, Baron Saito, and a Director-General, Mr. Midzuno, both civilians.

The proposed reforms do not satisfy the Independence Party in Korea, who declare that nothing short of self-determination will bring peace in Chosen. The Koreans are skeptical as to the beneficent character of the changes. Friends of Japan and of Korea hope, however, that a right solution of the trouble is in sight.~Editor.

Will of God for the

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, LL. D.

"Then said I, La I am come; in the roll of the book it is written of me I delight to do Thy will 0 my God"-Psalm 40: 7,8. (Cf. Heb. 10:7).

"After this 11Ulnner therefore pray.ye: Our Father ….. . Thy will be done"-Matt. 6:10.

"The good and acceptable and perfect will "of God"-Rom. 12:2 "Making known unto us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure which He purposed in Him unto a dispensation of the fullness of time to sum up all things in Christ …… who worketh all things after the counsel of His will"-Eph. 1 :9-11. _ T HE NEW TESTAMEN'I' iutcrpretation of Psalm 40 shows that the Incarnation was the glad fulfilment of God's will. Christ came from heaven to do the will of God (.Tohn 6:38). That will for the world, as wen as for the individual, is good in its origin; acceptable in its working to those who love God, and per- fect in its final result. When we know God's will for the world we also know it for ourselves. Study the use of the word world, for example, in the prayer of our Lord in the seventeenth chapter of John's Gospel.

The only thing that really matters for a Christian is the will of God. It is supreme. It is the only clue in the maze of cir- cumstance. Nothing can shake the faith or zeal of the man who knows it. "He that doeth the will of God abideth forever."

We know God's will for the world: 1. By His eternal purpose to save a lost world. John 3:16. 2. By His definite command, repeated in Christ's fourfold com- mission. Matt. 28 :19, 20 j Mark 16 :15 ; John 20 :21; Acts 1 :8. 3. By His gracious promises, which, like the blue-prints of the architect, show the glory of the palace that is to he. Its elevation, its four-square foundation, its many mansions, its golden beauty. God will sum up all things in Christ. Every tongue will confess Him and His glory will flood the earth. Isaiah 60: Psalm 72. 4. By His character. God's truth must overcome all error and burn the falsehood from the souls of men. God's purity can not tolerate moral sepsis in His world. God's compassion shows us how to look upon all human. sin and sorrow and shame. 5. By His Providence. "Thy will be done on earth." If you would know God's will for the world look around at the new day that is dawning. The crisis calls for courage. The· open doors , beckon, the closed doors challenge. God is, unmistakably, working out His purpose for the world. Shall we fail Him T 6. By His disciples and the program before them. Paul said, "Be ye followers of me, as dear children." The glorious company of the apostles.. the noble army of martyrs, the holy church. througbout all thc' world-what is thc'ir program "I Follow after.

656

Statesman on Christian

BY BARON SHIMPEI GOTO, TOKYO, JAPAN From an address delivered by Baron Gala at a dinner given to him by the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions in New York last J""e.

I EMBHACE this opportunity to speak of three points re- garding Christian missionary work in Japan. (1) What Chris- tianity has done in Japan. (2) What Japan has done for Chris- tianity, or rather our attitude towards it. (3) What I hope missionaries may do for our people.

The work of Christian mis- sions in Japan has not been properly recognized by our pub- lic men. This is not so much from lack of appreciation on their part as from the fact that ''ork of a religious character is necessarily wrought in silenc€'

and privacy. If full justice is impossible, we can still bear wit- BARON SHIMPEI GOTO ness to such labors as were not hidden under a bushel, but have been as lights shining before men.

In no field of activity, 01' enterprise, have missionaries accom- plished more than in that of education. At ll'ast to a layman this has been most apparent. In the early seventies when our govern- ment and people were engrossed in readjustment, both at home and in foreign relations, and you could pay but scant attention to the all important question of education, missionaries rendered inestimable service, espEcially in the lines then most neglected by us-the education of women and of the poor. Even after our school system was more or less perfected, they continued to make good deficiencies in our general scheme of instruction. We own, with no small sense of shame, that the country cannot satisfy all the demands for education among our own people.

Among the late Emperor's five articles of oath, which were practically the Magna Charta of new Japan, it was stated that the low, as well as the high, should have their desires satisfied, and no desire has been stronger with both than that for education. This, of course, not only means the expansion of the soul, but the less spiritual opening of careers. The government has by no means

neglected its schools, but has llE'V(f been able to keep pace with the growing needs. Only last spring Parliament voted some 40,000,000 yen and the Emperor gave out of his own private purse 10,000,000 yen mon~ for the el'('ction of higher institutions of learning. Even then the intellectual demands of young Japan cannot be adequately met. W emust for some time depend upon private enterprise and upon missionary efforts to remedy the insufficiency. As to the education of women, missionaries have been pioneers in our country.

But missionary activities are in no way confined to strictly religious and educational lines. What they have done and are doing in the :(ield of philanthropy is comparatively little known. As I have myself always been interested in public charities, I have watched with peculiar interest the development of Christian effort in this line. The many institutions connected with church organizations, started with the purpose of assisting the poor, of comforting widows and orphans, are innumerable. Their endeavor to overcome moral and physical degradation-such as prostitution on one hand and tuberculosis on the other-may well serve as an example. The Salvation Army is constantly widening its sphere of work, while the Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association are contributing a valuable quota to the uplifting of our youth and the amelioration of social miseries.

I am well aware that with all that Americans may have achieved in education and philanthropy, they are not satisfied unless they have at the same time brought our people to Christ. Some years ago, the Salvation Army inaugurated the slogan-"Japan for Christ," and some charged them with the desire to upset the reigning dynasty. I could but laugh at their unnecessary fear for I know that the Kingdom of God, which you Christians preach, is not to be confused with principalities and powers.

I have always in my official career shown my sympathy for Christian missions. As far as I see, there need be no conflict between Christian teaching and our nationalistic idea, as long as no attempt is made to interfere with the political regime. In fact, I am wondering whether the idea of God, as Lord of lords and King of kings, will not find more congenial acknowledgment among the subjects of monarchies than among the citizens of republics.

However that may be, you will give credit to Japan for the liberal attitude she has taken towards Christianity. If she has not welcomed a strange religion, she has not shut the door in its face. We have put no obstacle in the way of missionary progress. Having no state religion, we have put no disabilities on any form of faith. The Constitution has clearly guaranteed religious freedom. The Jesuits, who are not tolerated in many countries, have lately

A JAPANESE S,!'ATESMAN ON CHRISTIAN MISSIO~S

been coming to Japan, and we have placed no barrier to their efforts as long as tlwy refrain from political intrigues. A country that has ill the past thousand years tolerated every sort of alien philosophy and religion, be it Buddhism, 'raoism, Confucianism, still consistently goes on without meddling with individual conscience and faith. If at one. time there was persecution, it was because of political danger incited by a certain profession of faith, and not on account of theological nonconformity.

About two decades ago, there was great concern expressed among missionary boards in regard to our educational laws, lest they should prove hostile to their enterprise. I believe it did not take long to convince them that there was no obstacle to Christian activity in the said la,v". A similar law in Korea created similar anxiety, but this, too, disappeared in a short time. The letter of the law may sometimes sound severe. Does not the Bible itself speak of the letter and the spirit of the law, as two distinct things-the letter killing and the spirit saving? Laws and statutes are necessarily carnal, they are of the earth, earthy. Spiritual concerns are beyond the pale of their authority and they will not intrude into the sacred precincts of religion. Conversely, it will little profit a religious hody to encroach upon the domain of politics. "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's."

. Ever since my arrival in America, I have heard much of socalled Korean massacres. While T have no official report on the incidents, I am m.ost sincerely grieved to heal' of any thing which may give ground for reflection on our rule of Korea. I have some comfort left in thinking that when the alleged cases of maltreatment are thoroughly ('xamined, we shall find them as much exaggerated as were the stories of "water-cure," which was said to have been practiced in the Philippines, but which we were afterwards relieved to heal' were not so shocking as at first reported. If a degree of harshness was inflicted upon those who participated in the Korean riots, this was not intended as an anti-Christian measure. Insurrection must be punished and it makes no difference whether that insurrection is perpetrated by Christians or Buddhists or whatever religionists. As a matter of fact, a very conspicuous part in the late insurrection was played hy a native quasi-religious body which is opposed to Christianity.

I do not know when the time may come that the parliaments of the nations will frame their laws in consonance with the Golden Rule, when mankind shall be ruled by the precepts of Christ. I would be among the first to hail the coming of such a time, but I regret to say I do not see any signs of its near approach. Nevertheless, I believe it must come. It hides as yet far up among the clouds or lies deep down in our breast. I wish to say that without religion it will never be fully reaJizf'd, though I confess I am often be-

wildered by a list of names which may mean everything or nothing or anything-God, Truth, the Iufinite, the First Cause.

Laotze says, "The Name that can be named is not the Eternal Name. The Way that can be way€d, is not the Eternal Way." Infinite wisdom is beyond the human power to comprehend. I sometimes feel that I catch sight of such a Being; for .only at odd moments does He reveal Himself to the inner sight. And yet-all honest and earnest souls must at times feel the presence of such Power.

The oriental mind is vague and abstract. Christianity has been presented to us in so concrete, definite and exact a form, that it has been unacceptable to us. I have read the New Testament and I have sometimes wondered how Christianity came to assume its present form, and thfn I begin to doubt whether this is its final form. Christianity, like any organic body, will, under varying conditions, take forms fit for the time and place of its work. It may thus become more local in color; but the universal and the infinite can best manifest itself in the finite, definite, in order to be comprehended by beings that are themselves limited in power.

The Great Being has been speaking to us in different languages. He has been manifesting Himsf'lf 10m in rli fff'rrnt forms. Shuffie off the raiment in which He is clothrd by fantasy and custom of belief, will He not reveal Himself as Universal Light, as Father of all good, the Fountain of all mercy rnd justicf'-to accept whom is Life and to rejrct whom is Death ~ I shall not preach-it is not my purpose to do so. I have uttered a little of my heart to show you that I am "almost persuaded," and I know that in this respect I represent many of my compatriots. By a slight change in the interpretation and presentation of the teachings of Christ you will open a wide door for the wandering sheep, and I wish to know if Christianity, like so many other beliefs, will see some adjustments as the result of the impending world reconstruction. May the New Age thus pave a New Way for the nations of the earth to come closer in faith and hope, and, above all, in charity.

Looking towards the future, I feel justified in saying that Cht·istianity in Japan will be in safe hands-that in the hands of Japanese disciples the teachings of Christ will not degenerate or decay, but will remain vital and potent through centuries to come. . . . It would be preposterous for me to say that the Japanese will make any improvement upon the Christianity of the West-the Christianity which you of the West have introduced to us. I am, however, quite confident that Christianity, once introduced into Japan, will never decay or decline, but will always remain a living faith.

Emergency in

BY REV. TAKASHI SUZUKI This is a lapanese Christian viewpoint of the disturbances in Korea, printed in the Fukuin Shimpo, May 15, 1919. Most of the facts have, however, been kept from the lapanese press.

T HE DISTURBANCES will be suppressed. What cannot be suppressed is the spirit of the Chosenese, their anti-Japanese thoughts. What should be done about these thoughts and feelings 1 The sources of the ideas are deep and rrmote.

The distant causes are: (1) the historical feeling of contempt for Japan; (2) the enmity due to the TVako (Japanese invasion during the Ashikaga period); (3) the enmity due to the Hotaiko invasion (under Hideyoshi).

The near causes are: (1) opposition to annexation; (2) opposition to Japan's selfish imperialism; (3) political dissatisfaction; (4) financial unrest; (5) opposition to bad treatment socially; (6) disapproval of .Japanese morals.

Of the above causes I comdder .Japanese selfish imperialism the most important. Of all bad governments, that by a Governor- General or Vicerov is considrred the worst. Is it not a fact that not only in Chosr-it, but in China, in America, in Australia, everywhere, this selfish imperialism of Japan has as its shadow the so-called anti-Japanese sentiment ~ Before we hate the shadow it is necessary to look at ourselves. The ideals and principles under which Japan has gone forward are exprl'ssed in the familiar phrases, "Shed the national glory abroad;" "greatly extend our territory;" "rule the world;" and other such expressions. The result is that our neighbors have become anti-Japanese and today on all sides barriers, invited by ourselves, are being raised against us.

Chosl'nese are human beings. They have their national prine, their love of native land. .Tapanese have no monopoly of patriotism. With our shameless swagger and brandishing of "Japanism" how can we quiet their opposition 7 If we do not get rid of this spirit and take our stand upon conduct growing out of the love which "loves the neighbor as onesf'lf" I do not think we can long hold our position as lord of the East.

For example, in school the:> blood of our youth is made to boil (with patriotic fervor) whpn they hear of the Wako invasion and the later subjugation of Chosen. But when one goes to Chosen, he finds that all this was merely sowing the seeds of hatred against Japan. Thifl was to be exppcted. In the TVako invasion the entire roast WIlS ravagpd. the housps burnt, the people killed and their g'oods plundered. The Ja.panese were feared more than tigers.

MI

And in the later punitive expedition the whole land was swept by fire. ~y this invasion, Chosen was so impoverished that she has never recovered. The Chosenese cannot but hate Japan.

And yet the educational policy of Japan has never changed, but goes on just as it was ten and twenty years ago, never getting away from this selfish imperialism. In ethical training, in history, in school readers, in school songs, the old ideals of culture in patriotism permeate the entire system. The patriotism taught is an indiscriminating, Japan-centered, materialistic patriotism which knows of the existence of Japan, but is blindly ignorant of the existence of other nations. The result is the production of a race of people which is very unsuitable for colonization abroad. In Chosen the Japanese who are there, even the women and children, know how to swagger, but they do not know love. They know how to take away, but not how to give. They put on high-spirited airs as they seem to say, "I am a Japanese. Why don't you bow down before me ~" But they know nothing of the moral principle, "He that would be great among you, let him be your servant." On the contrary they seem to think that Yamato Damashii (Japanese spirit) must act on the principle, "He who is chief shall exercise authority," and that the Chosenese are to be suppressed and trampled upon. Consequently wherever the Chosenese go, to market or to the public offices, they find no place where they are loved by the Japanese. They always feel that they are being trodden upon, teased, made fools of and tyrannized over.

The Chosenese are opposed to the fact of annexation itself. Thev are also dissatisfied because the Government-General is full of iinperfections. Th€y also feel that the Japanese ought to 1w expelled because of the oppression of Japanese capitalists Who seize their lands and keep all the profits from their exploitations. But these causes of discontent affect only part of the people. The thing which affects every Chosenese is the social mistreatment thC'y receive. This is why the present disturbance has spread like a conflagration through the entire land. But the fundamental cause is the poisoq of imperialism. It is the inevitable consequence of the educational policy pursued in our schools and military institutions. Hence, any attempt at good gOVE'rnment through the Government-General will be futile. There m,ttst be a change in the essentia~ character of the Japanese people.

IMMORALITY OF JAPANESE IN CHOSEN Next, consider the moral character of the Japanese residents in Chosen. Of course, there are not wanting among them persons of :splendid cliaracter, but when we speak of the great body of them, we have not a few things to regret. The great majority of them do not fear God nor know ~hame. They have no ideals higher than

THE EMERGENCY IN CHOSEN

making money. Consequently, there are no limits to the wickedness practiced by great numbers of them in dealing with the ignorant, poor Chosenese. Even in the homeland the low standard of commercial morality is a very troublesome question, but it is intolerable that this low class supply the representatives of Japan. It is their dishonestv which has caused Americans to look down on the Japanese. Fa; example, when Americans give orders to Chinese or Chosenese workmen under a guarantee that the goods will last three years, they do last three years. Japanese workmen, on the other hand, will aceept the high price for three year goods and then run off to other parts, having supplied goods which do not last even a year, boasting withal, that they have" got ahead of the keto" (contemptuous term for "foreigners"). Merchants use false weights and measures.. And since the coming of the Japanese the morals of the Chosenese have deteriorated also. Chosenese merchants recently have hegun to use false weights and measures.

Coming to morality between the sexes, we can by no means say that the Chosenese are high in this regard. But certainly they are not like the Japanese, who seem to "glory in their shame." Truly the licentiousness and ahandonment of our countrympn is inexpressibly deplorable. Spnsuality is widespread, even in country places. There are not a few places where prostitutes number a tenth of the population. At banquets and public gatherings the conditions are shocking. They consider this one of the privileges of life in a colony. Once, when I was taking a train at a certain station, a number of people came noisily after me. On looking around, I saw a divisional chief of the local government, and a chief of police, each being carried in the arms of several prostitutes as they swayed from side to side, with their official sword dragging, reeling drunkenly to the train which finally they boarded, or rather were pushed aboard.

Such being the condition of affairs how can we secure the respect of the Chospnese 1 We want the Chosenese to love Japan. But have we any affection for them ~ Love is begotten by love, but as I said before, the Japanese do not know love. How, then, C8Jl love originate in thpm towards us 1 With the present day morality of the Japanese can we demand their respecU With neither love nor respect how can we hope that they will loVE' J apan ~ Therefore, the mOTe we think of the Chosen question the more we realize that it is a spiritual question. In other words, it is pe'rfectly clear that what is called for is a thoroughgoing reformation in Japan's political ideals, educational policy, and in the individual character of the people of Japan. By all 'means Japan must be born again. Therefore, there is today no enterprise which compares in urgency with thr work of evangelization.

on the Korean

T HE NEWS of the situation in Korea (Chosen) is not yet reassuring. Reports of repressive measures by the Japanese remind us too vividly of the Bryce reports on Belgium and Northern France in the early years of the war. The following extracts from a long report by the special committee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America give some of thp results of their investigation. The evidence has been carefully sifted and is believed to be reliable. While names are not generally giwn, more than thirty British and American individuals have testified and their names are in the possession of the committep. The documents include reports, personal letters and signed affidavits of eye witnesses. The Korean Independence Movement is, no doubt, a mistake and doomed to fail, but the Japanese military policy in Korea is a still greater blunde.r and can bring only disaster.

The df'sire for self-determination and national ideals has been fostered in Korf'a by the ideals expressed at the Peace Conference. The movement for freedom became country-wide last March at the time of the funeral of the ex-Emperor. Propagandists include Christians. memhers of the reformed native cult, the Chuntokyo, and Buddhists. Students of government schools are equally iY'- volvrd with those of mission schools. The causes underlying the agitation appear in documents presented on May 10th to influential Japanese in Tokyo b~r a committee from Chosen. They are briefly as follow,,: THE CAUSES 1. The desire for independence. 2. The rigors, cruelty and injustice of Japanese military administration- including the spy system, even in religious meetings, and constant show of force. 3. The Korean opposition to the apparent program of denationalization, in- including the exclusion of the Korean language and history from the school curricula. 4. The failure to give Koreans a share in their government either legislative or executive. S. Discrimination against Koreans in salaries, in schools, in employment and in the courts. 6. The lack of liberty of speech, press and assembly. 7. The limited religious liberty-forbidding the teaching of religion or of the Bible in private schools, the imposition of the observance of cere- monies which are against Christian conscience, and the intimidation of Christian. converts. 8. The practical prohibition of Korean travel and study abroad. 9. The appropriation of Korean crown lands by the Japanese.

10. The demoralizing influences introduced by Japanese~inc!uding lic;ellsed prostitution, the sale of morphine and cl,tltiv:).tion of 0l?ium. 664 11. The forced migration of Koreans into Manchuria. 12. The exploitation of Korean forests by Japanese and the licensed monopolies which bring hardship to Koreans.

The Independence Movement was so secretly organized that neither the missionaries nor the secret police of the government knew what was going to happen, though all were conscious of the great tensity of the time. In a very few days it spread to all parts of the land, even to remote mountain valleys. The police, gendarmes and soldiers were everywhere called out to disperse the crowds and to arrest the leaders. The first day or so no very rough methods were used, but from then on, and especially out in the country districts, the most brutal methods have been employed. Men, women and children have been repeatedly kicked, beaten with fists or gun butts, bayoneted, sabred and shot, until mission hospitals and, if report be true, the government and other private hospitals, too, are filled with the wounded; Severance Hospital having cots and beds in every available space, even the hallways. Testimony gathered from these wounded is consistent that until attacked .the crowds of demonstrators used no force but simply shouted for independence, and were fired upon or otherwise attacked. The barbarities have stirred all to deepest indignation and have to a certain extent terrorized the people, who were expecting merely arrest, yet they remain firm in their determination, although they are changing their method of demonstration and protest for the purpose of saving life. It is obvious, however, that if the brutal methods of repression are continued, retaliation on the part of the Koreans will inevitably be the result, even though they have no weapons.

THE FAOTS REPORTED The facts reported by the Governor General deal with an atrocity of the first magnitude, the particulars of which have reached Tokyo.

The missionaries who investigated were in a party of ten who visited several villages which had been burned by the Japanese gendarmes and soldiers, the villagers being driven out of their homes and not permitted to take with them anything whatever of value. All they owned was destroyed, and the villagers, young infants and old men and women, have been hiding in the hills, afraid to return to the site of their former homes, and without shelter, food or covering for their bodies at night.

In the course of their investigation, the searchers for facts reached one village where the little church had been destroyed by fire. The gendarmes and soldiers, marching into this village, had summoned the men of the village to attend a meeting in the church, where they were told certain orders would be read to

them. As soon as the men had been gathered together, the soldiery opened fire upon them through the open windows, after having surrounded the building. Volley after volley was poured into th(~ gathering, until the floor was covered with moaning heaps of dead and wounded men. To complete their work, the surviving women of the village told the missionaries. the soldiery entered the buil(l- .ing and bayoneted all the men whom the bullets had not killed, while two women, who had approached the building to learn the fate of their husbands, were likewise bayoneted and their bodies thrown among those of the men. Then kerosene was poured upon the dead and the bodies and the church building consumed by fire. When the advance guard of the investigating party reached this place, there were two bodies still left in the smoking ruins, the others having been raked out and disposed of out of sight.

March 28th, 1919, a girl, , about 21 years of age told the fol- lowing: "I was arrested on the streets of Pyengyang, the third of March, and taken to the police station. There were many others, both men and women.

They asked if we smoked, if we drank, and if we were Christians. Soon all were let out with little or no punishment, with the exception of twelve Methodist women, two Presbyterians, and one Chundokyo woman. Three of the Methodist women were Bible women. They stripped all the women naked in the presence of many men. They found nothing against me except that I had been on the street and had shouted 'Manzai.' They beat me until the perspiration stood out all over my body. They then said, "Oh, you are hot,' and threw cold water over my naked body. My arms were pulled tight behind my back and tied. Then saying I was cold, they stuck me with the lighted end of their cigarettes. (Some were stuck with hot irons.) Some were beaten until they were unconscious. After four days we were taken to the prison. Here we were packed in a room with men and women. One day an old man was beaten until he died. One of the Bible women was right next to him. She asked to be moved, but they compelled.

her to watch the dead body all night. One of the Bible women not only had her hands bound, but had her feet put in stocks. They took our Bibles.

away and would not allow us to talk or pray. They made vile and indecent remarks to us. All this was done by the Japanese. Though there were: Korean policemen in the room they took no part in the beating or in the vile-· ness. The Japanese blaspheme the name of Christ, and asked us if there'

was not a man by the name of Saul who was put in prison. They asked'

us most of all as to what the foreigners had said, and were most vile and'

cruel to those who had been with the missionaries, or who had taught in the mission schools. Some of the girls were so changed that they did not look like persons."

Hon. T. Hara, Premier of the Japanese Cabinet, sent the following cable message to the Federal Council of Churches in reply to a communication from them on the subject: "I desire to assure you that tl,c report of abuses committed by agents of the Japanese Government in KO'ea has been engaging my most serious attention. I am fully prepared to leok squarely at actual facts. As I have declared on various occasions, the regime: Qf ~dministration inaugurated iR

REPORTS ON THE KOREAN UPRISING

Korea at the time of the annexation, nearly ten years ago, calls for substantial modification to meet the altered conditions of things. Ever since the formation' of the present Cabinet in September last, I have been occupied in working out the scheme of needed administrative reforms in Korea. A comprehensive plan of reorganization with this object in view has already been on the tapis. For obvious reasons it has not been possible to proceed at once to its formal adoption in the presenc~ of the disturbances which have unfortunately broken out in various parts of the peninsula.

"In view, however, of the recent improvement in the situation, the contemplated reform can now be, in my estimation, safely introduced, and will be carried into effect as soon as the legal requirements of procedure to make them definitive shall have been completed. Announcement of the plan in a more complete form shall be withheld for the present, but I trust that the fixed determination with which my colleagues and I have been endeavoring to promote the lasting welfare of our Korean kinsmen, and to insure a distinct betterment of conditions in the country will not be misunderstood or misconstrued. "

The uncertainty as to the outcome of the disturbances is in- creased by the fact that the government of Chosen finds critics of the administration in the ranks of its own civil officials and in the Liberal parties in the Imperial Government. Investigators are not slow to criticize what they characterize as the stupid policy of the military regime, while the leading journals of Japan are to the extent of their meager information joining in a protest. The "Peninsular Magazine," a month1y published in Seoul by a Japanese but for the Koreans and in the Korean language, had its April number confiscated, further publication prohibited, and the editor arrested because it published a long editorial criticizing the Government-GeneraI's handling of the situation.

SIGNS OF HOPE IN JAPAN Except for rumors to the effect that the student class in Japan are beginning to favor Korean liberty, there is of course no one among the Japanese who favors independence for the Koreans, though the more advanced, like Viscount Kato, have come out in favor of autonomy; but many of them feel that the military administration ought to give place to the civil in the future, and that the military administration has made a failure in its colonial policy.

It is possible that government reform may take place. A recent statement of Mr. Yamagata, the Administrator-General, is to the effect that "the agitation is deplorable, coming as it does just on the eve of government l'pforms." But all officials seem to agree that the present uprising must be crushed before any reforms can be instituted, while th~ interpellations in the Diet in regard to the Korean situation seem to be a criticism of the administration for failing to keep order in the peninsula. rather than a suggestion that thE' underlying causE'S of thr <iistnrlml1CP he disCOVE'fPd and removed.

Democratic tendencies are manifest in the Japanese Empire

as well as in the rest of the world, and momentous events may occur at any time. Only recently two automobile loads of Japanese rushed through the streefs of Seoul, shouting" Democracy Banzai." Some sixty arrests have been made in connection with the demon- stration. Many conflicting forces are at work today in Japan as well as in Korea, but unless there is some marked change in gov- ernment policy or in the character of the administration, or both, mission work in Chosen faces a period of great limitation and difficulty. There are grave problems ahead. When the Adminis- trator General returned from a trip to Tokyo in April, he made the official announcement that the "lenient" measures employed in the past would be exchanged for utmost rigor, and a new law was promulgated by the Governor General making "any disturbance of the peace with a view of effecting a change of government" an offense punishable with ten years of penal servitude. This law significantly and specifioolly includes foreigners in the ruling.

The ultimate effect of this movement on the Christian Church in Korea is wholly problematical. The leaders went into it with their eyes open, realizing that failure meant persecution and probably severe repression of church activity, but the Moderator of the Korean General Assembly and others say that they prayed the matter through and felt that it was God's will for them to make this attempt to secure not merely civil but real religious liberty at this particular time in the world's history, when so many small peoples are apparently to secure these blessings. It is reported that officials have stated that the Chun Do Kyo (Heavenly Way Association) is to be suppressed entirely and that the Christian Church is to be reduced to about half its present size. If the military government remains in Korea and the present movement collapses the outlook for the future is dark. If, on the other hand, in view of the obvious failure of the admistration of the last nine years to conciliate the people, a civil administration and go-:ernmental reforms are introduced, while there probably would not be such an aggressive anti-Christian activity we must anticipate some restriction of Christian missions. It is evident that the most rigorous repression of demonstration is directed against Christians in those sections of the country where the Church is prominent.

The effect of the movement on mission work is equally problematiool, for the government, whil-e officially stating that they do not regard the missionaries as having any direct uesponsibility for this uprising, which took government and missionaries alike by surprise, seems to be making every effort in the examination of prisoners to fasten responsibility upon the missionary body. But the Koreans under examination uniformly insist that the missionaries are not connected with the movement.

A MOHAMMEDAN SCHOOL IN NORTH AFRI

Christianity in:';Tunis Past and Present BY ARTHUR V. LILEY, TUNIS, NORTH AFRICA Missionary of the North Africa Mission T HE Phoenicians, with their offerings to Moloch and Baal- Ammon, passed away from the Mediterranean coasts to be replaced by the Romans and their deities. Among the Romans, however,. there appeared a little flock who worshipped the one true God, in the name of Jesus Christ, His Son.

There is no record as to how Christianity reached Carthage, though it is well known in church history that Perpetua, Felicita and other martyrs sealed their testimony in blood in the amphitheatre, the ruins of which are seen today. The ruins of the churches used by the Carthaginian Christians have also recently been unearthed, and it is well known that Augustine labored at Hippo with some success, for the Kabyles became professing Christians.

In the seventh century the Moslems, led by Okba, invaded North Africa and by the sword converted the people to Islam. Thus Christianity disappeared from North Africa.

In the center of the city of Tunis the minaret of the mosque Zetouna, which towers above the bazaars and houses, is said by some to be the ancient Spanish Cathedral of St. Olive. No longer is Jesus Christ spoken of there as the Son of God, and "the Sav- 669

iour of men; nor is the theology of the Bible taught in the college near by. To this college some 500 or 600 Moslem students come <,ypry year to study the Koran and Moslem tradition.

An Arab boy's education bpgins at the lcoutab or school under the direction of a rnmuldab or master. The school consists of one room situated generally near a marabout or saint's grave. Desks, spats and copy books are things unknown. The scholars, having ll'ft their shoes or slippers at the door, squat on a grass mat spread on the ground. After mastering the Arabic characters, the young pupil traces, with a reed pen on a piece of board smeared with a thin coating of clay, the first chapter of the Koran. He swings his body backward and forward, shouting his lesson at the top of his yoice and thus commits it to memory.

One can und0rstalld what a Babpl such a school is when some 20 or 30 scholars are memorizing ill this way at the same time. The Koran having been committed to memory after some five or six years study, the young man goes to the medressa or college to study the commentaries of the Koran grammar and syntax, logic and Moslem theology. It is all a matter of memory, they are not taught to think. At the end of four or more years the young Arab, having passed his examination successfully, may become a notary, a teacher or a writer in a government office. Further studies are necessary to become a judge, mufti( religious leader) or a professor. Wherever these young men go they carry with them some re- ligious influence. It is therefore of the greatest importance to evangelize them while they are in the city; otherwise they may return to their distant homes and never come in contact with a Ohristian missionary again. For this reason a special work is carried on among the students in Tunis. Some of their questions are foolish and their arguments are illogical and ignorant.

When all are quietly listening to God's plan of Salvation, an Arab may suddenly shout out: "What is written on the door of heaven ~" or, "",Vho is the father of Jesus OhrisH" or again: "Who is the greatest and last of the prophets 1"

In answer to the first question the Arabs say that the Moslem "witness" is written on the door of heayen: "There is no god but God and Mohammed is His prophet." I generally ask, "What is the use of knowing if there is anything written on the door of Paradise if you don't know the way there? The Bible tells us that the Lord Jesus is the way and this is more important than what is written on the door."

The Moslems deny that man is a free agent. Everything is Mektoub decreed. Thev say that God foresaw the fall of Adam and therefore ordained that he should partake of the forbidden fruit. This was necessary, they argue, in order that Adam and Eve

19191 tHRIS1'IANI'I'Y IN TUNIS- PAST AND PRESF:NT

THREE TUNISIANS CONV}:R'fE;D TO CHRISTIANITY might come down to the earth and people it, for the Arabs say that the garden of Eden was in heaven. Thus they make God employ evil in order to carry out His purposes and say that He decrees evil in order that good may come.

Moslems reject the Bible, first because they say that the early Ohristians tampered with it changing its meaning, and because all its teaching is found in the Koran. They deny the Deity of Ohrist, His atonement and redemptive work, and give first place to Mohammed, a man who had eleven wives, and professed to have special revelations commanding him to marry Zeinab, the divorced wife of Zied, his adopted Bon.

Moslems have a very lax idea of sin. Lies are permissible to get one out of a difficulty; a poor mali may steal in order that he may feed his family, and when a man kills his friend or companion in a fit of passion, it is declared mektoub, decreed.

Are there no converts to Christianity from Islam 1 Thank God, there are. Some converts have stood well, some are faulty and others have caused great sorrow. Our Bible depot keeper gives us much joy. One who is persecuted by his friends and is tempted by an inheritance has consequently gone back somewhat, while another has quite dishonored his profession of faith in Christ. The Gospel is being preached to all sorts and conditions of men, the educated Arab, the ignorant Sudanese; the students at the university and the illiterate workingmen, the old women and the young maidens. Who can tell what the harvest will be 1 As yet only the fringe· of the population of Tunis has been reached. Men willing to endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ are needed to carry the news of salvation to camps and villages. With the decline of Moslem power, which is evident on every side, there is more freedom for the proclamation of the message of the Cross. A revival is needed in the home· churches to thrust out some as messengers of "good tidings" to this needy land.

THREE KABYLE MOSLEM STUDF<NTS IN A KORANIC SCHOOL The Student in the center is a daily reader of' the Bible

FUJI SPINNING MILLS IN TOYKO

'ren years ago this was an open field. Today this is one of eight mills employing 20,000 people.

The Need for Christ in Japan's Factories BY J. MERLE DAVIS, TOKYO, JAPAN Honorary Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association I.

T HAT Ohrist is needed in the factories of Japan may be in- ferred from the need of Him in American and European mills. If our Western factory system with all its brutalities of overwork, under pay, child labor, and inadequate protection has flourished notwithstanding a Christian inheritance and atmosphere, we cannot be surprised at the presence of gross evils and a callous conscience in the Ohristless labor world of Japan.

With no adequate government legislation, with employers of labor accustomed to sacrifice the welfare of their working people to profiteering, with public opinion indifferent or ignorant of the solution of social problems, it would seem that the hope for Japanese labor lies in organizing for its own protection. However, since the heroic efforts of Katayama and his associates, twenty years ago, the combination of labor in any form has been an offense punishable by heavy penalties. Nor has the Japanese working man the protection of the franchise. He is helpless in the hands of capital, unable to utter a protest to the intolerable conditions imposed upon him, except the protest of revolution. An eloquent witness to this is the rioting of last August, when the cup of the people's wrath at the profiteering of rice brokers overflowed. At that time ~,OOO,OOO yen worth of property and many lives were lost in the only protest left to labor at inequalities imposed upon it. The 1,460,000 Japanese property owners are today making the laws and controlling the destinies of an empire of 70,000,000 souls.

A suffrage qualification of 10 yen property tax automatically 673

shuts out the men upon whose shoulders the nation's prosperity is depending,. from any share in self-determination.

On the other hand, along with the denial of opportunity the government is enforcing universal education. The worker may not vote, but he must learn how to read and write. Every child between six and ten is compelled to attend the primary school. The result is a higher percentage of literacy than is found in any other nation. The sources of knowledge concerning the economic, social and political status of Western labor is forced into the hands of the Japanese worker by the same paternal government which denies him any voice in regulating the conditions of his wealth-producing toil. Like the Jewish leaders of Christ's time, modern Japanese statesmen are attempting the impossible task of bottling new wine in old wine skins. Antiquated institutions and modern thought; universal education and a restricted ballot; democratic idealism and militarism; tpe leaven of universal brotherhood and a narrow nationalism; individualism and ancestor and emperor worship; industrialism, with its train of social and economic problems, and feudalistic conceptions of social relationlShips; low economic standards of daily life and wage and increasingly high economic demands of the world's markets; the unblushing immorality of the old order overlapping upon the moral requirements of the new. The pressure toward liberal id€'as, d€'mocracy, suffrage, women's rights, economic righteousness, labor unions and clean social standards is like a rising tide. No strengthening of old walls can hold it back:; every sign of Ht€' times points to the fact that the old bottles are bursting.

The defeat of Germany, with the discrediting of political and economic standards which she had been following, has greatly hastened the birth pangs of this nation. Stubbornly refusing, until the very last, to admit the possibility of Germany's overthrow, the military clique of Japan has, at length, admitted that the nation, for forty years, has been putting its money on the wrong horse. This admission is not an easy experience for a proud and. able people, but once made, will clear the way for sweeping changes in the national life. Christian leaders like Ebina Danjo and Kanamori Tsurin state their conviction that Japan is now to enter a period of openness to Christian truth and leadership of Christian ideals unprecented in her history. There is no question but that the triumph of Christian idealism in diplomacy and statecraft has moved this critical nation to a desire to know the sources of such ideals. One of the most far-reaching results of the world war mav be the demonstration on a nation-wide scale of the practicability and power of the spirit of Christ when applipd to int('rnationaI relationships.

THE NEED FOR CHRIST IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

For 250 fateful years Japan shut herself out from vitalizing contact with the rest of the world; while the nations of Europe and America were passing through a steady development of material, scientific and moral life, the Island Empire prided herself on a splendid isolation. Thus Japan has herself, alone, to thank for the present heavy handicap she is carrying in her race for the markets of the world. For the last half century she has been straining to overtake the long lead which her western competitors hold. That she has, in such a brief time, so nearly approximated to this apparently impm;sihl(' goal, is eloquent of the intelligence CLEANING UP AN ALLY IN THE SLUMS OF THE INDUSTRIAL QUARTER, TOKYO and ambition of her people. Heavily handicapped by lack of natural resources and low economic standards, she early saw that to hold a place of power among the nations, she must industrialize ll er life.

Today,Japan holds in her hands the material equipment of national power, but along with her factory-lined cities, her whirring mills and fleets of merchant ships have come as guests, unbidden to the feast, a whole hrood of unwelcome social and industrial problems, labor questions, questions of public sanitation, public rights and morals,-problems which she never bargained for in her hid for national power; problems with which she is poorly prepared to cope in any adequate manner.

That the Christian solution, as applied to these manifold proh- 1 ~;lI1s of the nation is the only hope for approximating to the life of hoI' si.ster nations of the West is the conviction of many of Japan's best friends and an increasing' number of her leaders.

Japan has been so long accepted as the land of kalE·idescopic change that the transformation is supposed to be complete. How- ever, evcli many leading Japanese and foreign residentH are un- aware of the amazing speed with which the metamorphosis is even now progressing. It is the high-powered factory, invadhlg every city in the land, which is responsible for this latest sweeping change in the nation's life. Japan, using American and Britil'lh bi~)'c1es, sewing machines, electric dynamos, locomotives, boots, cotton goods, and coal was an object of romatic interest and a valuable customer. But the romanc~ wears off when, today, Japan ll')t only produces her own coal, cotton goods, shoes, bicycleR, e]"c- tric machinery, and rolling stock, munitions, arms, leather, and glassware, but produces these and many other commodities in such volume as to step into the current of world trade as a competi- tor for the markets of all nations. Her vast arsenals, her grf~at shipyards, capable of launching battleships and merchant vessels equal in tonnage and speed to any ships afloat, her whirring looms, the mighty resources of power stored in her mountains, her cheap labor and favorable position for Asiatic and Pacific trade, all means that the Japan of the tea-house girl and samisen, the lacquered screen and lotus pond, is gone, and in place of th" silken-gowned, artistic gentleman there has stepped into the world lists a grimy-handed young giant, clad in grease-stained overalls, eager to measure strength with the champions of the West.

Nor can Japan turn upon the road which she, has chosen. An island empire, with a dfmsity of population of 359 to the square mile, with but one-seventh of her area capable of cultivation,and her people multiplying at the rate of three-quarters of a million a year, the nation has passed the point where agriculture can support the people. With very limited natural resources, flanked on either hand by Russia and America, jealously watching for every sign of military aggression, her exit to the South Seas barred by Australia, and her immigrants turned back from the doors of Canada, Australia and the United States, Japan is increasingly thrown upon her own intensive powers of development. There is only one possible form for this development to take,-the industrial and commercial.

In entering into competition with western labor, this island people find gq-ave conditions to overcome, many of which are common to industry the world over, but others peculiar to Japan alone. These cOIlditions constitute a serious handicap in her bid for world trade and power and need a Christian solution.

First among these conditions peculiar' to the industrialization of Japan is the phenomenal speed of her transformation from the agricultural stage. Forty-eight years ago, Japan had a mere handful of modern mills, while her foreign trade amounted to but

THE NEED FOR CHR1ST IN JAPAN 'S FACTORIES

THE SPINNING ROOM OF THll FUJI SPINNING COMPANY, TOKYO 48,559 yen, Last year she operated over 25,000 mills, and her foreign trade totalled above two and one-half billion yen, After more than ' a generation of experience as a debtor nation to the West, for the last four years Japan has turned the tables upon most of her former creditors and has played the role of creditor to America, England and Russia, 'I.'his bewildering speed in transforming the economic sources of her life has not given a normal period of adjustment to the new conditions of modern industrialism. Knowledge of high grade tools, the manipulation and ca're of intricate machines, the development of skilled mechanical traditions, the adjustment of output to the needs of the market, the assimilation, housing and welfare of the crowding workers in the cities, adequate legislation for factory life, and the adjustment of society to this new class of the population, are among the problems which r equire time for solution. This element of time has been omitted from Japan's industrial formula. It is not strange that the nation is bafHed in seeking a solution, nor that her growing pains have sorely weakened her development.

Second: The nearness of the nation to feudalism may be named as another of the striking factors which constitutes an industrial problem peculiar to Japan. No phase of the life of this people can be correctly appraised without full recognition of the lingering influence of the feudal system. But seventy years ago

the feudal princes of Japan were living on their great fiefs like miniature kings, each surrounded by his court, by his military retainers, and by larger or smaller groups of vassals in the towns and villages, who looked to their lord as the dispenser of justice and order, and the source of their prosperity and protection. In return for these Teal and imaginary favors, the loyal retainer gave military service and labor upon great public works. ,Vhen the central govel'1lment in Yedo, fearing the growing power of Lord Date, Daimyo of Sendai, summonded him to build half a mile of a difficult section of the castle moat, this prince called 7,000 of his retainers and for four years conducted their construction of the , mighty moat, now known as, '0 cha no mizu."

Under such conditions of mutuai interdependence, strikes aud lockouts were as improbable as were slum sanitation or questions of minimum wage and overwork.

The influence of this patemalistic relationship of lord and man still persists in some of the old-fashioned industries, and has been slow to disappear, with the result that strikes in the past have been almost unknown. But not so with the modern factory. Here, the government has not taken the place of feudal lord. Neither has the modern mill owner accepted the responsibility of the old Daimyo employer of labor.

With the breakup of the feudal system and the entrance of Japanese labor into the open market of competitive modern in- dustry, a most serious gap appears which neither government, employer, nor society in general has attempted to bridge. Into this unbridged chasm Japanese labor is falling, and with it the power and health and reputation of the nation is also in danger of falling, unless it is spanned by a new sense of responsibility on the part of Japanese society. Into the timbers of this crucial structure of the future, the spirit of Christ must build' itself in ways to arouse a new social conscience in matters of labor, the sanctity of womanhood and child life, and the rights of the producer to a fair share of the wealth he creates.

Third: Another result of the feudal regime is that a society accustomed to receive from its superiors its orders, its care and its occupation, and having lived for centuries in deeply grooved class lines, is both helpless and indifferent when faced with the social problems of the amlY of modern mill hands that clamor at the city gates. Public institutions for the defective and charity organizations did not flourish in old Japan. The sick, the defective, and the indigent were, to an amazing degree, cared for by the family or relatives. While seeming to eliminate' some of the most serious problems of modern society, this system placed an almost unbearable burden upon the homes of the nation and a heavy handicap upon its health and prosperity, Its practical effect has

THE NEED FOR CHRIS'f IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

been that the Japanese have not been trained to sense or to eolve society's needs. Intolerable conditions are existing among the slums and 'factories of the .cities which are not only unknown to great numbers of the most iutelligent and progressive citizens, including Christian leaders, but even when known arouse little more than a passing comment of regret or of curious interest. In a vast majority of cases, these conditions do not stir men to remedial measures nor to a fundamental study of conditions looking toward adequate legislation or the education of the public conscience. At this point, the education of a tender conscience 'in matters relating to individual and public welfare, the Gospel of Christ will find in the future one of its priceless gifts to Japan.

There is probably no other class of society in Japan more open to the gospel of Christ and more in need of the new life and blessings of the gospel than the Japanese laborer. Usually from the country, the factory hand, on moving to the city, enters a class of society which has no recognized traditions or status in the eyes of the citizens. On leaving his mountain village, the influence of the ancestral shrine, and the appeal to the tutelary deity of his trade are left behind, while 'no god of the factory is substituted. The god of the world he now enters are steam and electricity, its faith is materialism and its shrines, shelter, untold power and wealth. The new-comer has also parted company with the social relationships that have hitherto moulded him and which have contributed to his sense of responsibility and self-respect. On entering the industrial quarters of the great city, no club or guild takes the place of the rural organizations to whose activities he has given so much of his spare time.

In this new world, with its overpowering evidences of greed and force and materialism, he easjly loses his sense of accounta~ bility, his identity, his former self-respect, and sinks to the level of his benumbing enviromnent, a mechanical atom, matching his vitality against that of the tireless machine which he tends~ Like water seeking the lower levels, the flood of factory workers from the country districts pour into the low lying slums and tenements which abound in the industrial districts. Here may be found housing conditions which give rise to a whole brood of moral, sanitary and welfare problems, which this article can only barely indicate in passing.

One such typical slum district in the famous East Side of Tokyo has been made the subject of a careful government survey. Of its eleven hundred families, 66.4% are living in one-room tenements, nine feet square and 375 of these families occupy homes which average six feet square. WDen it is considered that the average family in this district numbers five persons and that more than half are keeping single laborers, as "roomers", some

idea of the congestion may be had. Over 3,500 workers without families are boarding in this one small district. No wonder that under such housing conditions, illegitimacy thrives. Not a few of these homes maintain their identity by the efforts of the mother alone, the children each acknowledging a different father, who comes back to lodge as convenience or fancy may impel.

The fact that most of the East Side of rrokyo lies below the level of the highest tides means periodic, wide-spread inundations, which bring added misery to these wretched districts, which are practically never dry, slime standing under the thin floors, in the shallow gutters and over the surface of the alleys most of the year.

The output of crime, disease, deficiency, degeneracy, pauperism and immorality from such conditions is very large. There are nine such districts on the East Side of Tokyo, alone, and as yet, with the exception of the Salvation Army, no adequate Ohristian remedial institutions to bring the joy and cleansing power of the gospel.

Ohrist's keynote of the value of the individual man is of paramount importance for the labor world of Japan. Not the individual, but the family, the clan, the state is the unit of Japanese society. The rights of the person are negligible as compared with the larger group. A vast modern factory system, employing labor by the hundred thousand, breaks down when built upon this conception of society. It is a slow evolution for mill owners to recognize the individual worker and his welfare as the key to the welfare of. his mill and of the nation. Only Ohrist can adequately supply this conception in the teaching that each laborer is a child of God, and, what is fully as important, the impelling motivf' power for applying its implications. Without such a reconstructed vision of the central value of each worker, Japan's industrial future is doomed, for she cannot continue to burn over her fields of human resources, in the prodigal fashion. of the last decade, without irretrievable loss.

Japanese modern industry is unique in the phenomenal proportion of female labor employed. Some careful estimates place the proportion of women and girls as three-fifths of the total. The vast cotton and silk spinning and weaving mills are responsible alone for· half a million girl employees. Thirty-four thousand are laboring in coal mines, while women and girls tend the machines of a dozen different modern industries. Three-fifths of these workers are under twenty years of age, and 10% are children between 12 and 15. These spinning and weaving industries are exacting a heavy toll from the health of the nation. It is estimated that 250,000 girls are drawn annually from country homes to the city mills, attracted by the high wages, steady employment and the lure of city life. The life in these factories is little removed from

THE NEED FOR CHRIST IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

AN AUTUMN FLOOD IN TOKYO SLUMS AFTER A HEAVY STORM slavery. The remark of one mill managel' to the writer, "We own the bodies, minds and souls of these girls," being only too true. Sold by parents for terms of from two to four years, the girls receive only 20% of their wages, the balance being sent to the parents, who are often paid ~ lump sum in advance for the year's toil of the daughter. Seventy per cent of these women workers live in dormitories within the factory compound, never leaving the premises save two or three afternoons a month and then in charge of a foreman or attendant. This forethought on the part of the management is not for the protection of the girls, but to keep them from running away, as considerable numbers do at their first opportunity.

Work in the large city mills lasts from twelve to fourteen hours, but in many of the more remote provincial factories, fifteen, sixteen and even seventeen hours per day at the looms is not infrequently exacted.

Night work, prohibited by la,v, is still common in not a few factories and makes serious inroads upon health. In mills where night work is the rule, the women on the day and night shifts are often obliged to share the same bed, which is neither aired nor dusted, as the weary night worker takes the place of the girl who rises for the day shift. Such conditions, naturally, greatly accelerate the. national predilection towards tuberculosis.

Few can long stand the strain, the monotony, the ceaseless roar of the looms and the unsanitary surroundings for more than a year. A turn-over of sixty-six percent each year and an estimated

sickroll wastage among those returning home of from 10 to 15 per cent are facts more eloquent than words of, not only the economic loss, but the price in human health and vitality which the nations is paying for its factory output.

Japan's factories differ widely in the attention paid by the management to the moral and social welfare of their employees. The best mills, like the Kanegafuchi and the Fuji companies, each employing over twenty thousand hands, take pride in their care for the health and the moral and recreational life of the girls in their employ. These mills are justly the pride of the country and are frequently shown to foreign visitors. Not so with the mills of the country t0W11S. These remote centers, far removed from the government inspector's eye and run on old-fashioned principles are occasionally centers of frightful physical and moral evils, overseers and wardens holding the girls in virtual moral slavery, even compelling the day hands to act as public prostitutes at night. One expert in factory conditions states that it is not uncommon for one-half of the girls in a mill to lose their virtue within the first year of their employ. It is in the sad lives of these toiling daughters of Christless Japan that the blessings of the Gospel are needed more than among anyone class of the people today.

The future of Japan as a great power is, as never before, depending upon the integrity and the efficiency of her working classes. Why is it that Japanese-made goods so often do not meet the requirements of western markets ~ Why do American firms reject certain Japanese products, and make from Japanese raw material and Japanese patterns their own goods 1 Why has Japan already lost so many of the markets gained during the early years of the wad '1.'he answer is not difficult to one who knows the status of Japanese labor. This nation can no more hope to win in the world race for markets, on the basis of underfed, overworked, immoral and helpless factory hands than she can hold back the tides which wash her shores. A mediaeval conception of exploited humanity, colored with the fatalism of Eastern philosophy can never stand before the highly organized, individualized ranks of Western labor, bulwarked with democracy and the concept of life's values which Christ has given to the Anglo-Saxon nations. The Christ who bears burdens, who brings hope to -colorless lives, who cleans up homes and neighborhoods, who cares for the health and joys of little children, who takes a vital interest in the status of labor and who stands for the rights of sanctity of womanhood will profoundly affect the Japanese labor world. Such an interpretation of Christ will equally move all classes of society, for by such activities, alone, will the Japanese nation adequately begin to understand the meaning of Christianity.

OF THE KONDA HUTS ATTACKED AT

An African Autobiography A Fragment by Daniel Uhlane, a Christian Convert PRESENTED BY REV. DONALD FRASER, NYASALAND Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, Livingstonia Mission Chapter II-First Contact with the White Men When the Europeans came to the country I was still a lad. They called me to work in their .house, and I washed the dishes, and made the beds, and stood by them when they ate. Dr. Elmslie was my master.

I began also to learn to read the primer. But in those days it was difficult to learn, for the chiefs would not allow the people to be taught. So men wondered that I should stay with the Europeans. They said, "You are foolish to live with strange people. Those are fish out of the Lake. They are not men like us."

And they asked me at home, "Do the white people sleep as we do? Have they habits like ours ~ Their clothes fill us with wonder."

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So they'plied me with questions. But to me the most awful thing was when the Europeans prayed. I was amazed to see them speak alone as to themselves. Among us it was a forbidden thing to speak to oneself. We said such an one was a sorcerer. So I trembled when they prayed, for I thought, "See there is no other one in this secret place. They are talking to themselves."

At last my fear took so great a hold of me I could stay no longer. I went to Dr. Elmslie and asked to be allowed to return to my own village. The doctor refused, and his wife said: "We love to have you here. I do not wish you to go away." I plead to be allowed to go for a little while, but she answered, "I would love to teach you until you can read a book just as well as I can."

But at these words I was more terrified than ever, for I thought, "She wants me to be like herself, and to talk alone. Then everyone will fear me, for I shall be reckoned a sorcerer."

I agreed to stay, but only with the intention of running away, as soon as an opportunity occurred. I saw now that the doctor and his wife were keen to teach me. They used to ask me in the evening to pray along with them. But when they prayed, I took care not to.

My fear only grew, for I dreaded that my companions in the village should hear that I prayed along with the Europeans, and that I should be labeled a sorcerer. So one day I asked to go home, promising to return quickly. This was agreed to, but they said, "Gome back in the evening." I answered that I would, but I was as sly as the owl when it talked round the bat. The doctor and his wife, however, would not do without me.

When they saw that I did not return, they sent to my uncle, and asked him to send me back. This he did, saying that the white man was anxious for me to work in his house.

At this time the other chiefs separated themselves frum our Moho villages. They said: "The Moho people invited the white men in. Now they are demanding their children. Wait a bit, when the Europeans return to their own country they will carry away these Moho children. Then the fathers will come to us and say, 'See, they have carried away our children.' But we will answer, 'Whose blame is it? You invited them into the country_' "

But the missionaries grew bolder and taught openly. A little class met on·the verandah of their house. There were six of us in it. Our teacher was Mr. MacIntyre. He had only the stump of a first finger. When he began to teach, he said, "What is this~" pointing to a letter of the alphabet. But seeing his little stump of a finger, I burst out laughing. He rose angrily to thrash me,

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

TUMBUKA SPIRIT 'l'EMPLES INTO WHICH OFFERINGS OF "mAL OR BEER WERE PUT but I jumped aside, ran into a house, and turned the key in the lock. Dr. Elmslie was called, and he rebuked me, saying, "You must not do this again, but try to learn all your teacher tells. Some day you will receive good things, and then you will be glad you listened."

New when I heard this, I said to myself, "What good things are these he talks abouU Is it sugad" He says, "When you understand you will eat good things."

So I went back to my fellows, and said to them: "The European has told me not to laugh when I am being taught, for when I understand, he will give me good things, I think he means sugar, the white man's beer. I know how sweet it is, for I have tasted it when I was washing the dishes." We all agreed to learn diligently. But the doctor was talking of the everlasting good. Alas ! We were so blind that we feared without cause, and wished to grow up in our ignorance. Many days, however, had not passed when the chief closed down our school, saying that he did not wish his people to become cowards, and useless for war. Now William Koyi (Mtusune was his native name) in his public teaching had said:

"~angoni, listen to my words. Give over war, and what you seek, we shall help you to find. Live in peace, and God will be with you, and you will be His people. Once I was such as you, but now I belong to God."

But the Ngoni had answered, "If a man calls the people together, is he to talk to them, and receive no answer? Let us speak." Then up rose the orator Nkwelula, and spoke thus, "Yes, we have heard. Some of the words are good, but you say that God forbids us to war. There you lie. Whom are the people to fear? When were the Ngoni ever defeated? You speak of the things we desire, where are they to come from 1 Listen, lads, Mtusane lies when he says that God does not approve of war. In our wars we worship God. If he allows ~s, we destroy a stockade, and take cattle and goats; if He forbi.ds, we are unable to enter the stockade. But when He approves great is our fame among people. So when Mtusane speaks of war, he lies. But all he has said about adultery, and lying, and theft is true. For we know that if a man is a thief, or adulterer, he will be killed when he goes to fight. There he speaks the truth, but as for war, he lies."

Nevertheless, we went on learning, for we had already been ostracized, and there was no place in the tribe for us. We were derisively called "The Bricks," for we were helping to build the European's house. When we went to join in the dances of the people, they cried, "Clear out. We don't want to see the white man's folk. If we allow them, they will draw us also to be with them."

One of our number was bold enough to join them openly in the dance, and shortly afterwards he was killed on the path. This frightened the children, and none of them would come to be taught. When we attempted to enquire into the murder of our friend, the people jeered at us, and said: "Consult your books, and your white men. They should be able to tell you who killed your friend. We won't." One day shortly after this I was in the white man '8 house set- ting out the table, and the doctor was lying in bed very ill. Suddenly I heard a rush of people outside, and women fleeing to NJuyu hill. They cried out that a war party wason its way to kill the Europeans and the people of Mop.o who had befriended them. I roused the doctor, and though he was very ill, he went out, and climbing an ant-hill, he looked through his glasses. In the distance he saw a regiment on the march. It was not making for the mission house, but for another village of Moho, where it seized the cattle and goats, and tlwn returned to Ekwendeni, whence it had come.

(To be contintle(l)

Forty-Five Years After

BY REV. ALFRED C. WRIGHT, GUADALAJARA, MEXICO I -N 1872, following up the splendid opening made by Miss Melinda Rankin of the American and Foreign Ohristian Union, mission- aries were sent to Guadalaja'ra, Mexico, and in spite of the bitterest opposition of the Roman Oatholics, converts were gained and groups of evangelical believers were established in many different points in the Isurrounding country, which is one of the most thickly inhabited agricultural regions of the Republic.

Early in 1874, one of the missionaries of the American Board, Rev. John L. Stephens, went f'rom Guadalajara to Ahualulco, where a small- group received him cordially. He Tented a house on the central plaza for services and for a night school, and was rapidly gaining the sympathy and the active cooperation of a considerable number of the people.

The parish priest, however, was aroUised by his success, openly denounced him from the pulpit, forbade his own flock to have any dealings with the Protestants, and burned in the plaza such Bibles and evangelical literature as he could lay hands upon. Not satisfied with these measures, he incited the people to mare definite action. Getting together a mob of the most fanatical and ignorant. after furnishing them freely with intoxicating liquo'r, he sent them out at midnight to attack the house of the missionary.

Aroused by the stoning of his door and by the shouts of the mob, with his Bible in· his hand, Mr. Stephens climbed to the roof, together with the Mexicans who we're with him in the house. The door wrus soon broken down and the mob rushed in. Others had gained entrance from the back, and among them were seveTal of the town guards dreiSsed in uniform. Stephens, thinking that these would protect him, climbed down and appealed to them, but was felled by the stroke of a mache~e, and was hO'rribly cut to pieces by the infuriated mob.

Later his Mexican helper, Jesus Islrus, was found and murdered; and a blind boy, who had been the innocent recipient of kind attentions from Stephens, was brutally killed. The p'riest who instigated the crime escaped, but the government arrested three hundred of the mob and retained one hundred of them for formil trial, of whom twenty were convicted. About eight were executed and the rest were sentenced to imprisonment for life.

This was forty-five years ago. Has Mexico changed in these years 1 On March 2, 1919, the anniversary of the martyrdom of Stephens, the missionari('s at Guadalajara were invited by the * From the Missionary Herald.

687

church at Ahualulco to attend a commemorative service such as is held each year on this date. The house in which the crime was perpetrated wa:s secured for mission premises soon after the scene described, the owner contributing about half of its value for that purpose. A congregation was soon formed, first under the American Board, subsequently transferredlo the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch South, and has just been turned over again to the American Board, in accordance with the new cooperative plan of mission work now being inaugurated in Mexico.

While the carnival which precedes Lent was at its height, with services crowding the great church to its capacity and with hundreds of adherents, chiefly pure Indians, kneeling in the open court and out to the middle of the street; although many devotees had taken advantage of the open booths on the plaza, devoted to the sale of liquor, to get drunk; and although they promenaded the plaza in front of the evangelical church with bands of music and songs, yet not a word offensive to the Protestants was heard.

The church proper was not used on this occasion, rus it was not a strictly religious service, though held on Sunday night. But the extensive corridor at one side was draped with evergreen. a large picture of the martyred Stephens was surrounded with wreaths, a platform for ispeakers was arranged at one side, and an orchestra of five pieces was employed to provide the music. A vivid description of the events leading up to the assassination and of the event itself was read, and there, followed an address by the director of the public schools, not an evangelical, but a warm sympathizer, recitations, and music by the orchestra.

The influence of evangelical Ohristianity in that place may be judged from the fact that two of the mOist highly esteemed of the public school teachers are graduates of our Instituto Oolon, and the director of schools and his wife were educated under evangelical influences. A former student of the Collegio Internacional is employed in the office of the tax collecto'r; and two other graduates of Instituto Colon and of a training school for nurselS at San Antonio, Texas, are considered the best medical authorities of the place, and are busy constantly with ~patierits rrom all classes of society.

These two trained nUI'lses have offered their services to the mission, free, for two hours daily, to direct a clinic and dispensary in a room now being built as an addition to the mission property. The poor will be treated f'ree of charge and medicines will be provided at cost to those needing such aid, while religious instruction will be given to all who apply there for treatment. It is proposed to name the Toom "Sala de Ou.raciones Stephens," in memory of the first martyr of evangelical Ohrilstianity in Mexico.

Appeal from

A RCHBISHOP PLATON, the senior surviving Bishop of the Russian Church and the Metropolitan of Kherson and Odessa, who spent seven years of his life in America, has now come over from Russia to ask help for his people against the Bolshevism that has brought ruin to Church and State. While Archbishop Platon is asking help for his own Church, and has never been sympathetic to the evangelical Christian work in Russia, it is of real interest to read bis plea; and the plight of the Russian Church should lead to prayer that through this affliction the Church may come to true spiritual life. The Russian Church is today the strongest organized force against Bolshevism, infidelity, anarchy, immorality, and the attendant evils so rife in Russia. The awful sufferings of the Jews at the hands of Russian churchmen in past days are now being visited on the Church, whose buildings are destroyed and whose priests and people are persecuted. f;lynagogues are spared in regions where the Bolsheviki are in power.

ARCHBISHOP PLATON'S APPEAL The wrath of God, justly directed against us, continues to be poured forth on Russia. The exceeding great distress of the Christian Russian nation has reached its climax. The Russian people, numbering over two hundred million souls, is perishing. No human power or words can describe the affliction and horrors of the Russian tragedy of today. The history of the world has nothing on record to compare with it. The faith of a most r~ligious people has been humiliated, derided, profaned. One half of the educated class, small at best, have been massacred. Russian women, of the type described by Pushkin, Turgeneff and other masters of Russian literature, have been violated and dishonored. Children have been mercilessly butchered. The machinery of government has been destroyed. Agriculture and industry have been deranged. The finances of the country have been completely exhausted.

I pray you to support and succor a great nation, even if you cannot save it from destruction. Help it by your prayers to God on behalf of the most unhappy of countries. . . . Prevail upon your fellow-countrymen to help an unfortunate people, who have fallen into the hands of thieves (Luke x, 15). Call upon your charitable societies and organizations speedily to assist the Russian people. Persuade your women to help by their sympathy, to dry the bitter tears of Russian mothers, sisters and daughters, who have been cruelly violated by monsters from hell in the shape of human beings ….

To the calamities of the Russian people already enumerated, still another is now being added-the most awful of all-HUNGER. The most fertile of lands, the erstwhile granary of the world, has been turned into a land of famine under the rule of the Bolsheviki. People are dying from exhaustion. Epidemics are raging. There are no medicines.

It is not possible that Russia's present downfall represents the end of 689

her history. Russia will yet play a great part in the activities of the world. Only let her fulfil her historic part as your friend and ally, let her not desert to the camp of your enemies, for she has only yielded to necessity and. does not accept her present fate as final. . . .

Russia is now an enormous prison, shut off from the whole world by a broad and lofty wall. More than two hundred million people are immured within that prison-people who are, as you know, kind-hearted, simple, politically youthful and inexperienced in the negative qualities of world politics; a nation deceived, a nation wilfully and deliberately poisoned and drugged. In this prison they are being tortured, racked and tormented. Why do your nurses and men workers now not hasten to Russia, the land where torture, torment, suffering and death have been legalized under fine-sounding, socialistic and communistic phrases? The only reply to that question, which I can imagine, is that you are not acquainted with the actual conditions prevailing in Russia. Continue and enlarge at all costs the splendid work accomplished by your Young Men's Christian Association on behalf of our suffering prisoners and also on behalf of our soldiers and other young men.

The Russians are critically ill, but they are not yet beyond the hope of recovery. Russia's sickness is severe, but it is not deep-rooted. Bol- shevism was imported into Russia. The first to be inflicted with Bolshevism were those Russians who had severed their connection with their native land, who were imbued with the most violent anger towards their native land, for various reasons. Bolshevism captivated the youth of Russia, especially those who were at the front during the last stages of Russia's participation in the great war. Bolshevism also won the sympathies of a section of our unorganized industrial workers, and of a certain proportion of our peasantry, who certainly had just cause to complain of their unenviable lot. These, however, represent only a small percentage of Russia's inhabitants, who number more than two hundred million souls. The overwhelming majority of native born Russians are terrorized, or are simply holding their peace for the present. They are disgusted with the reign of terror which has been set up in Russia, and under which the whole land is groaning. . . .

The Russian people are not yet organically infeeted. They are in the throes of a violent fever; they are burning and shivering in its paroxysms, but they will speedily recover, if only their faithful Allies will help them. Help and save the unhappy Russians, who, although humiliated, despised and dishonored, are verily great and fine, even in their ruin. . . .

Sooner or later, Russia will rise again, but she will never forget it if America abandons her in her hour of grievous suffering. In like manner she will never forget it if America helps her.

This stirring plea is wholly for physical help. Russia needs relief for body and soul, and the only power that will save Russia is the spiritual help which thus far the authorities of the Russian Church have refused to receive from the Christian forces of America and England. The Russian Church is being aroused b~cause of their intense physical and political distress. This may, perchance, be the means of awakening in them the sense of their spiritual need.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards GLEANINGS FROM THE SUMMER CONFERENCES N ever did any other year have so many Summer Conferences so large:y attended as has 1919. From one conference alone two hundred registration fees had to be returned because there was 110 more room. The REVIEW is l1!ad to pass on some choice things from some of the conferences, which will be suggestive to leaders of smaller conferences and to the local churches.

FIRST AND LAST, PRAYER auditorium in which the meetings were held and the assembly room ONE strong feature of the seven in which meals were served had conferences conducted by the In- their walls transformed by charts ter church World Movement was the which spoke striking and eloquent spiritual emphasis, directed by Mr. messages. These charts may be W. E. Doughty, Associate General secured for use at other conferences Secretary. Weeks before the con- from Mrs. Horace M. Hill. The ference date each leader received sets of posters issued by the Couna card giving a call to prayer for cil of Women for Home Missions the conferences. As each delegate and the Federation of Women's registered, a call to prayer was Boards of Foreign Missions have mailed with the registration card. been in. convincing evidence at all. There was a daily period of in- the conferences. These may be tercession in each conference which obtained at fifty cents a set from was spent not in talking about denominational boards. prayer but in praying. Little groups kept Morning Watch on the One poster which attracted much heights of the Blue Ridge Mountains attention was home made and called in North Carolina, on hillside and by to the study of the text book the lake at Silver Bay, New York, "A Crusade of Compassion." On down on the beach at Ocean Park, a large sheet of card board was Maine, on the mountain peaks at pasted a picture of an ambulance Estes Park, Colorado, by Lake Gen- and a Red Cross nurse. Underneath eva, in Visconsin, and in the beau- were printed the words, "After ties of the early morning in Asilomar, Red Cross and War Work-What? California and Seabeck, Washington. The Crusade of Compassion," fol- To each delegate at an of these lowed by an announcement of a conferences, at the last session a card study class and an invitation to was handed for "The Homeward join. Way." The card gave a beautiful poem of consecreation together with The Christian Americanization an outline of prayer for the home- Charts made by Miss Brenda Mehlward journey. house utilized in a very clever and effective way the patriotic emblems POSTERS AND CHARTS and border effects obtained from rolls of crepe paper. A roll of Among the most attractive posters crepe paper, a jar of paste, some and charts seen during the summer striking fact from "Christian Amerwere those made by Mrs. Horace icanization" together with a little in- M. Hill and displayed first at the genuity wiII give atmosphere as well Minnesota School of Missions. The as information to any meeting.

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HUMANIZING THE AUTHOR that tin shop she sped with eager feet. No one being in charge to "Belle J. Allen, M. D., author" wait on her, she lifted the knife looked like a star from another to cut off th€i strip of tin and cut off world to the girls in a summer her finger instead. conference. The "M. D." was enough to command respect. The "author" "It's all over now. Her recovery was rapid, both from the amputaadded a bit of awe, as they gazed tion and from the infatuation for at the text book "A Crusade of Com- curls. If she had been successful passion," and the years of service in who knows what might have hap- Japan and India put her on a pin- pened to her. Failing in her effort nacle that seemed absolutely un- she turned her attention from curls approachable. Then there was a to weightier matters with such emifore finger missing from one hand nent success that 'Belle' became the which added the last touch of mys- lady to whom I now have the tery and reverence. There were var- pleasure of introducing you, Dr. ious rumors afloat about that finger. Belle J. Allen the distinguished au- Some said that it had become in- thor of our text book 'A Crusade fected during an operation that of Compassion.''' saved the life of a Hindu widow. Some suggested one form of sacri- It was a bit disappointing to have ficial service and some another to to give up the rumors of the noble account for it. One even dared to sacrifice of that finger on the altar go so far as to say that it had of missionary service and quite a been bitten off in a thrilling mis- descent from the thrill of the tiger in the jungle to the shudder of the sionary adventure with a tiger in knife in the tin shop, but the. rethe jungle. straint was gone and the girls of the conference, flocked eagerly and un- Meanwhile the distinguished au- derstandingly around its humanized thor walked apart and the girls re- author. garded her with awe-until she was humanized by a daring friend who A MOHAMMEDAN INCIDENT had inside information on her pre- At the Silver Bay Missionary Edmissionary proclivities. ucation Conference the crowds were "Once upon a time" said she gathering for the evening pageant. They were reluctant to leave the "there was a little girl whose name beauty of the outdoors till the signal was Belle. Her hair was as straight should call within. In such a still as is the path the needle doth point moment the figure of a Mohammeto the Pole. With longing eyes she dan mullah appeared in the tower looked at the beautiful curls which of the auditorium and from the clustered about the heads of some wide opening tn the belfry intoned of her companions while her own the monotonous call to prayer, "La locks hung limp and straight. That allaha-illa-'llahu, Mohammed Raswas before the day of electric curl- ulu ?-Alah-with each cadence raisers and magic waves, so Belle sat ing the pitch or lowering it, as the her down and sighed. Then one custom is. Just as this white turby one she saw certain of her school baned mullah appeared aloft, four mates whose hair was wont to be turbaned Mohammedans were seen straight as her own appear with strolling across the lawn below. At glorious ringlets. She was told that the call to prayer these four immethese wonderful curls were achieved diately spread their prayer rugs, and, by winding the hair around strips of one in front, three in a row behind, tin which might be procured at the all facing towards Mecca went thrice tin shop near by. At last Belle through the prayers and genuflections saw her dream about to be realized. Dazzling visions of herself with bewitching curls, rose before her. To

1919J BEST METHODS

appointed for a pious devotee of World Movement, 111 Fifth Ave., Islam. "Picture Department" for informa- The demonstration caught the eye, tion about securing these slides. the ear and the imagination and will On the last night of the confer- scarcely be forgotten by any. The mullah was Prof. John Clarke Ar- ence a beautiful exercise was given cher of Yale, recently returned from by the choir. The girls marchd several months service in Mesopo- in Processional, two by two, then tamia where such scenes, save for separated making an aisle the length the stretch of green grass, might of the auditorium through which have been fairly duplicated. One marched a second group bearing the of the four devotees was evidently flags of the nations, as they ascenda Chinese Mohammedan, from his ed to the choir seats, those bearing dress. As for the others, truth to the flags stood in a row. When the tell, costumes, turbans and prayer notes of the "Star Spangled Banner" rugs were satisfactorily improvised were struck, above them was unfrom the bedrooms. Why should furled a beautiful American flag we not honor the beholders by asking held by two girls. Then the music something of their imaginations? A changed to "The Son of God goes suggestion will do for costume-a forth to war," and above all the towel, a tablecloth, a piece of car- flags was uplifted a beautiful white pet. The result was such an un- cross, as the voices of the girls hurried, careful imitation; and three sang "Who follows in His Train," times repeated, as' permitted of par- The exercise was both impressive ticular observation by the hundreds and inspiring and can easily be adaptof beholders. If part of missionary ed to a program for a local church. education is to give our people to understand how others live, such a Another good suggestion was an scene has real value. impersonation of that familiar little poem, "The Madonna of the Curb," MILES B. FISHER. having one girl to recite the poem while a smaller girl with a little child HOME MISSIONS AT NORTHFIELD in her arms sat on an improvised curb. The poem may be secured By Alma Noble from the denominational literature Christian Americanization was of headquarters. course the keynote. It was stressed and it was visualized in many ways Other material for effective imper- sonation may be had from "Helping * and from many angles. the Helpless in New York," (pub- "The new Democracy," a very effective yet simple pageant was lished by Revell Co.). "The Hapgiven on the lawn of the Northfield piest Plan" is a pretty little play got- Hotel one afternoon and should be ten out by the Baptist Board for given in every church this year. Young Women. Ruth's Donation For detailed information about the Party, published by the Missionary. pageant apply to Miss May Huston, Education Movement is charming Ford Building, Boston, Mass. for children.

Then there were the stereopticon The conference abounded in praclectures. The one prepared by the heal suggestions for the expression of Interchurch World Movement pre- friendliness and neighborliness tosented most convincingly the call for ward the hosts of new Americans. united advance in Christian Amer- with Christianity as the center and icanization. closipg with "0 beautiful source of all activities. Pageants and for spacious skies," superbly illus- programs had a place in making an trated. Apply to the Inter church impression. but the impulses thus * Published by Ihe Council of Women for stirred were not allowed to go into Home Mission$, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. cold storage.

They were foI!owed up by prac-

tical plans for actual work in Chris- There could hardly be conceived a tian Americanization. more opportune year than 1919 to demonstrate the value of all civilizing REACHING THE UNREGISTERED influences in the missionary enter- prise. Soldiers from India to the At the Minnesota School of Mis- number of 1,250,000; coolie laborers sions the influence was widely ex- from China, 200,000 strong, looked tended by two mass meetings for upon new and strange sights in h!Ung women held, one in St. Paul, France. Through their eyes Asia the other in Minneapolis during the must catch a new vision of social summer school dates and addressed life, of industries, of education, of l>y two of their speakers. Hundreds womanhood, of the western religion, of young women who were not in -Christianity. To truthfully por- regular attendance at the school were tray the letters dictated to nurses, reached with the missionary message doctors and chaplains by the men to in this way. their families back home; to give us glimpses of the home circles in Mrs. A. G. Moody very effectively many a village listening with wonextended the influence of the North- derment to the stra{lge tales of refield Conference by sending invita- turned men-this is Kipling's purtions to the presidents of missionary pose in his graphic sketches-using societies of her own and ten adjoin- his suggestive descriptions in two ing counties to come to Northfield scenes, and other information for for an all day picnic on one of the the third, the following presentation conference days. In the morning a was effectively produced. special session was held. In the afternoon there were talks by mission- SCENE I aries and conference speakers. Many leaders can reach a much larger cir- Hospital in England. A Sikh solcle by taking thought on these two dier, wounded in France, convasuggestions in planning meetings. lesCing, is moved to "let off the fumes of my heart" to his farmer CLASS HYMNS brother in Kashmir. A doctor writes One new feature at a half dozen for him, a nurse is in attendance. or more of the Conferences was The themes which fill the man's the singing of the hymns written by mind "as a buffalo is full of water," Laura Scherer Copenhaver, especially range from agriculture to religion. for use in connection with the study He directs that the elders of his of two of the text books. village be told all his thoughts. Each day after the study of the text books the hymns were sung SCENE II more earnestly. These hymns-UA Crusade of Compassion Hymn" and An Afghan village just over the "A Hymn of Christian Americaniza- Indian border. A family receive and tion" may be had from Literature take counsel over a letter from a son Headquarters, 844 Drexel Bldg, Phil- in "FranceviIle." It is serious for it bears upon the education and maradelphia, Fa. at one cent a copy or riage of his thirteen-year old sister, ten cents a dozen. They may be- Kamala. He begs that her betrothal come a worth while part of classes be delayed and that she be sent large or small. over the border to the mission school, for he has seen that girls too can THE EYES OF ASIA "read and write and cast accounts." The stories of Kipling, gathered in book form under this· title. suggested SCENF, III a timely demonstration to appeal to eye-gate and to illustrate the fruit- A village in China. Ding Wong age of the war as regards missions.

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returns limping-, "a mere trifle," for Northfield Service Flag was pre- he brings wonderful news to his sented. Standing out from its backgrandmother, mother, wife and neigh- ground of red below the arms, and bors, with gifts also. He has dis- blue above was a large white cross. covered that the secret of greatness On the red ground there were one in western nations is the Book and hundred stars representing former he has learned in the camp school conference delegates who had gone to read it. He is determined to out to the foreign field. On the realize two ideals-that of his wife blue ground were three stars of· reading to him as his nurse read in gold. for those who had died in France, and that of all the village serVIce. knowing the Book and its God. The flag was made of silk and will The demonstration can be obtained in the Fall at the headquarters be displayed at each annual conferof the various Boards under the ence with new stars added each year. title given above. Many delegates made note of this presentation of the service flag and MRS. C. H. DANlJi;LS. will have similar flags for their home chtirches or for conferences, HANGING A SIGN and state and district organizations. Ihe flags may be obtained from Everyone is looking for forceful denominational houses or may be ways of presenting "The Crusade of easily made. Compassion" with its call for Christian doctors and nurses. At a num- AN AMBULANCE FOR VELLORE ber of conferences a simple dramatic given after one rehearsal made an As a gift from the Northfield Conappeal not soon to be forgotten. ference the first ambulance is to go to the Women's Union Medical Col- It is entitled "Hanging A Sign" lege at Vellore, India. To tum from and presents a young American doc- ambulances and supplies for war tor with her diploma and her profes- work to similar necessities for missional sign in hand looking for the sion work seemed so natural that best place' to hang it. Bids are as soon as the need was mentioned entered by the various non-Christian gifts poured in until $2,500 was nations that her sign be hung in given. A cablegram was sent to Dr. their lands. Some of the facts of Ida Scudder, in charge of the Vellore the text book are used to advantage. College, that the ambulance was on It closes with an appeal from the the way. Women of the East to the Women of the West which. at Northfield When, after the meeting, the chairwas given by Mrs. Emrich of Tur- man and treasurer counted the money key in a way never to be forgotten and checks they discovered that a by those who heard it. mistake of $100 had been made in the accounting and report in the The presentation requires only auditorium. about fifteen minutes and it could be given at the beginning or the close Upon reaching home the chairman of a program. It might be given received a letter from a friend who effectively at a meeting of doctors had not been present at the meetor nurses, a student meeting, or at ing and who knew nothing of the any local meeting.* ambulance, but who enclosed a check for one hundred dollars saying she UNFURLING A SERVICE FLAG felt impelled to send that gift for some special need. One of the most impressive moments of the Northfield Foreign HOUSE PARTIES ALSO Missions Conference was when the House parties in the interest of ~es may be had for 10 cents from Lit- everything else, why not house parerature HeadQuartersJ 84~ Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

ties in the interests of missions? unconsciously we have appropriated The Ocean Park, Me., Confer- as an approach for Americans only ence makes a special feature of house to their God.

parties. The "Dover Red Coats" Herein lies a suggestion for an were much in evidence, while "The "International Night" in some of 'Jur Blue Birds" with their emblem of local churches, which have wiiilin happiness on white hats and sleeves reach students and peoples frc)m and the cosy cottage they termed many lands.

"The Nest," combined all the de- lights of a well chaperoned house A NEW PAGEANT ON THEYEAR·S party with all the privileges of the THEME Conference. House parties in con- A pageant entitled "The St1 iking nection with other Conferences offer of America's Hour"* on the ·.heme undreamed of possibilities. Some for the year, "Christian Americanizahosts or hotesses who wants a bound- tion and Human Conservation,' has less opportunity for next year's con- been a most successful dramatk feaferences· should be considering house . ture of a number of Conferen<' 'So party possibilities. The prologue suggests the tl erne INTERNATIONAL SESSIONS of the pageant: "Hark ye, oil ye people! We come to spread before The presence of delegates from many lands at many conferences add- you a pageant of today. In mil:;'":, ed some fine features. It brought and color, and motion. We sh<:ll about a more genuine Christian paint you a canvass which shall tell a story of this world. Heed well brotherhood, it required the temper- the words of the central figure, ing of the flights of missionary elo- World Spirit, who since time began quence with the accuracy of up-todate facts. It relegated to the has dwelt upon this earth supported past the portrayal of foreign na- by Liberty and Justice. tives to provoke laughter in the gal- "Before these three see the natives leries. of the Past summoned for judgment.

Last of all behold America appear Said one delegate, "When I was before the judgment seat. Hear the seated by that splendid Chinese stu- indictment brought against her by dent whose exquisitely sensitive face the three judges, in the name, Labor, showed how quickly she sensed the Illiteracy, Poverty and (';lild Labor. attitude to her land I suddenly felt Hear also the pleas of foreign lands that some of the presentations of to America for Life and Light. China we have made, playing up WeIcome the ~ife bringing forces of ridiculous customs far too strongly, have been common and unworthy." Education, Human Conservation, and Play. Heed ye well the words On "International Nights" special which Liberty ~pea;"6 III America, programs have been prepared in which some one from every land and let Imagination paint for you the moving dram?_ of world history, represented took part. In many while Conscience repeats in your ears of the pageants and dramatics the the great cho~ds, intoned by the mulparts have been taken not by imita- titude of voices in every language tion but by real representatives of spoken on the earth today, soundthe various countries, who pleaded ing forth the striking of America's with an irresistible earnestness for opportunity to give to the world their land. At one of the Conferences Him~ who only is set for the healing a profound silence which meant of the nations." more than any applause followed the singing by Mrs. Cavan of the Philip- .. Published by the Genera! I,.iterature Gu.n· mittu, 844 ])re:rp! Bldg., Philadelphia) fa, pines of one of the hymns which Price 10 cents.

BEST METHODS

STUDENTS OF TWENTY· SIX NATIONALITIES AT A NORTHFIELD CONFGRGNCE; HERE AND THERE METHODS trips would be arranged at each stop- over. The tickets were made after In a number of Conferences dele- the regulation model with coupons gates were asked to tell some of the to be detached at each stop, the plans they have used most success- last one on the strip reading "Good fully. Some of these you may use in for one first class passage on the your work. steamship 'Imagination' from Boston to Alexandria." The trip was, of A Trip Around the World course, laid out so we could study the countries and missions with which An attractive poster was placed we were most concerned. in the vestibule of our church, stating that the steamship "Imagination" At each meeting we had a conwould sail on a certain date for a ductorette in charge who made up trip around the world; that stops the program, in which different 1Nould be made at certain points that speakers told us of the points of inpassengers might have opportunity to terest in the country, of its social study the character and customs of customs, its religions, the mission the country and its people; that spe- work being done there, etc. Anycial refreshments peculiar to the one baving souvenirs or curios country would be served at each s:op and an opportunity be given to of any kind from the country at inspect i.nteresting exhibits of souv- which we were stopping was asked enirs. The poster was decorated with to bring them. These were displayed picture of steamer. vVe gave an and opportunity given for asking assurance that there would be no and answering questions. seasickness, and that interes:ing side After the program, guests were in-

vited to the church parlor where first meeting of the year. When the plates were passed for an offerlight refreshments, suggestive at least ing of money another plate was passed asking for an offering of of the country studied, were served. ·prayer. On this second plate were slips upon each of which was a We were fortunate in having a picture of a missionary with a short sketch of her life, and work. Each friend who had traveled all over member was asked to take one home missionary and one foreign missionthe world and who had lived in ary and to become the praying mate, "working together through prayer." many fot;eign lands. She supplied These 'slips with pictures were fur- nished free by our Board. many interesting articles which she Our most important step of all had collected at various times and however has been our Prayer Band.

places. These with the additional From ten to a dozen of us who have signed the prayer covenant card things secured from other members meet weekly for intercessory prayer. We use Andrew Murray's "With made intensely interesting meetings. Christ in the School of Prayer" for a short time of mediation. Then Our trip was a great success, the the requests for prayer are given. Many and varied have been these attendance large and the interest requests, some even coming from headquarters at Boston. The church keen. I am sure other societies turns to us repeatedly with requests and this little meeting place of prayer would enjoy a similar journey as has become a place of power. Amaz- ing have been the results. Somemuch as we did. times they seem almost miraculous. We have prayed for laborers to be MRS. G. W. CHAFFEE, sent forth into the fields. Three have decided to go out Hom our own Prospect Hill Congregational Church, church.

. Somerville, Mass. Nothing-rain nor shine, summer's heat, nor winter's snow-interfere Three Important Features in our Society with our meeting toge~her weekly for prayer. Park Memorial Baptist Church, Springfield, Mass. We have a com- A book is kept in which requests mittee of three, the president making for prayer are entered. We mark a fourth, among whom we divide the them with a star as they are annames of those who cannot attend swered. our monthly missionary meeting. One woman is very deaf, another, who is We prayed for the conversion of vitally interested, is a music teacher, a young physician. According to the who has a rest period of fifteen "exceeding abundantly" of God's minutes between lessons. To these promise. He answered for not only members who cannot attend we give did the young doctor accept Christ the names of all those who are to himself, but his two sisters came have any part on the program, upon with him. the day of our meeting, asking them to be in prayer at the very time of our meeting and in a prayerful spirit all the day for the meeting. We mention especially those who timidly and with fear are taking part for the first time. We give all the information we can which will enable this absentee band of intercessors to pray intelligently.

Great blessing has come upon our meetings and we feel that at least in part the secret of it is in this praying force back of us.

Another good thing was at the The methods you have tried successfully in your church, or Sunday-school, or missionary society would likely help someone else if you would pass them on through the REVIEW. Address Mrs. E. C. Cronk, 222 Fourth Ave., New York City.

PRAYbR

is the greatest aVenue of S£RVIC£, ~. commumtv'

gz~tJ must PRAY You I The Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions NEW POSTERS in repeated sets around a room, so ·SET of posters has been pre- that which ever way one looks the A pared which each Woman's Mis- same message strikes home, will be sionary Society will wish to display found cumulatively effective.

prominently. The message of a The accompanying illustrations speaker appealing for a more perfect show two of the set of six posters service at a program meeting will be published by the Council. Electro emphasized by the "Call to Service" duplicates of these illustrations may at her side on the platform and by be borrowed from the Council for the poster hung before the pulpit, use in denominational papers. The visualizing the truth of the place of symbolic figure with the flags of prayer in the spiritual economy. country and Church has been adopted Soon will be held the regular fall as emblem by the Council. On the District and Presbyterial gatherings; poster, two groups personify the the force of these is greatly aug- needy ones succored by the Boards mented by poster appeals. A study constituent to the Council: Indian, class session may well climax in the Negro, Spanish-American, Immicontemplation of a succinct sentence grant. One of the other posters on a poster. Speakers frequently graphically presents the need of unity make use of the value of a recurring and cooperation. We are told that impression by the repetition of an there is melody in oriental music, but aptly-phrased verity until its message not harmony, that only Christian sinks deeply in the hearers' sub-con- lands have harmony in their music. sciousnes~. Advertisers long ago The Master has written our symlearned the worth of repetition. phony; may we each be attuned to Posters, serving as decoration, hung prodnce the perfect consonance He 699

has planned. The constituency and and the genius of those who had seemed to be serving only Mammon was devoted affiliations .of the Council are pre- passionately to a principle, and that the blood of those who came in seeming sented on .one of the posters, the greed to America was shed gloriously in the high enterprise which called Amer- study books and supplemental ma- ica to this new world crusade. Moses in the burning bush speaking with God, Saul terial are illustrated on another, on the road to Damascus, never came closer to the force outside ourselves which while still another is the poster used makes for righteousness,-the force that has guided humanity upward through the so effectively in the Victory Liberty ages,-than America has come in this hour of her high resolve. And yet for Loan campaign: "Americans All," fifty years she has come into this holy ground steadily, and unswervingly; indeed, displaying an Honor Roll of fourteen ror a hundred years, for three hundred years from Plymouth Rock to the red names evidencing various nationali- fields of France, America has come a long and perilous way-yet always sure, and ties in parentage. The Government never faltering.

has generously given the Council a "To have lived in the generation now passing, to have seen the glory of the large supply of these posters which coming of the Lord in the hearts of the people, to have watched the steady tri- can be advantageously used, especially umph in our American life of the spirit of justice, of fellowship over the spirit of in connection with the study book of greed, to have seen the Holy Ghost rise in the life of a whole nation, was a the year. blessed privilege."

"The Heart of a Fool," a recent Well is it that this year we are centering our thoughts upon Chrisbook by William Allen White, con- tian Americanization, the achieve- ment of national unity, the fulfilling tains the following passages epitomiz- of the spirit of America, servant to the world because she is servant of ing the spirit of those "Americans her Lord and Master, the Servant, the Son of Man. All" : A STL'DY BOOK GLANCE BACKWARD "Here lay a continent-rich, crass, ma- terial, beckoning humanity to fall down AND FORWARD and worship the god of gross and palpable realities. And, on the other hand, By MRS. FRANK M. GOODCHILD here stood the American spirit-the eter- Seventeen books in seventeen years nal love of freedom, which had brought speak eloquently of Home Mission men across the sea, had bid them fight study by Christian women in the kings and principalities and powers, had United States. forced them into the wilderness by the hundreds of thousands to make of it 'the The Ecumenical Conference of homestead of the free' ….. . 1900 convinced certain devoted wo- men of the necessity of more careful "This spirit met the god of things as missionary instruction. And so in they are, and for a generation grappled in faith the Home Mission Study a mighty struggle. Course was initiated. One of the first books published was "Under "And men said: The old America is OUf Flag," written by Miss Alice M. dead; America is money mad; America Guernsey, who has been the patron is a charnel house of greed. Millions and saint of the movement. With no millions of men from all over the earth capital except tremendous earnestness .came to her shores. And the world said: these promoters attempted the diffi- They have brought only their greed with cult task of distributing the books them. And still the struggle went on. through the various denominational The continent was taken; men abolished the wilderness. A new civilization rose. boards, and set about persuading And because it was strong, the world said it was not of the old America, but of a new, soft, wicked order which wist not that God had departed from it.

"Then the n'ew epoch dawned; clear and strong came the call to Americans to go forth and fight in the Great War-not for themselves, nor for their own glory, nor for their own safety, but for the soul of the world. And the old spirit of America rose and responded. The long inward .struggle, Been only by the wise, only by those who knew how God's truth conquers in this earth, working beneath the surface, deep in the heart of things, the long inward struggle of the spirit of America for its own was won.

"So it came to pass that the richness of the conlinent was poured out for an ideal,

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 70r

Christian women to their diligent His ardent temperament, his instinc- tive compassion and his training have use. fitted him to interpret to the favored Nor were they mistaken about their citizens of America the deep yearn- ing at the heart of European immiclientele. A quiet but effective grants. His innate sense of justice propaganda has circulated the books, and his own virile manhood have organized study classes, captured in- saved him from the mistake of petdifferent women, opened lecture ting the foreigner, a snare to so courses and summer assemblies until many social workers. Added to all thousands who once felt but the most this, Dr. Brooks firmly believes casual concern for the spread of the in the regener<;Lting power of the Gospel in America, have become posi- sacrifice of Jesus Christ for the re- demption of the world, and does not tive forces for righteousness. hesitate to offer this gospel as the When the Council of Women for one sure solvent for the evils in America's social order. Home Missions was formed twelve years ago, this text-book work was This book, in common with other assumed by it and placed under a great social studies, attracts the committee with Miss Guernsey as its reader to further research; while efficient first chairman. For the past making no pretense at finality, it inseven years Mrs. John S. Allen has duces a hopeful attitude towards the been the head of the committee, lend- most perplexing questions, and iming to the task her calm, clear judg- parts to the sordid trappings of alien ment, a rich experience in Christian life such a glamour of idealism that work, and a literary taste and acu- participation in social betterment bemen which guarantees a successful comes positively inviting.

product. The first chapter is a study of The book for 1918, "The Path of America's experiment in democracy. In contrast with Russia's wild orgy Labor," has had a circulation of in projecting a self-governing state, fifty-five thousand. If publishing the early Americans, through their conditions had warranted, another colonial experience, advanced in oredition could have been sold. The derly progress into intelligent nabook on Mormonism had probably tional life. But the sturdy virtues the largest sale, "Conservation of Na- of pioneer days have been wearing tional Ideals" foHowing closely with thin under the refinements of comsomething over sixty thousand; "In fort. With genuine alarm, earr:est Red Man's Land" had a,pproxiinate1y students cif our times have marked a similar sale. The Presbyterians our indifference toward the perils lead in the use of the books, with threatening national unity. The enor- Methodists close behind and Baptists mous influx of foreign peoples has next in line. aroused in most of our citizens only disgust at their unpleasant habits, or The success of the movement nat- else satisfaction at the possibilities of uraHy attracted the attention of other their commercial exploitation. But mission agencies, and this year the the alarm of war roughly awakened Missionary Education Movement re- America from complacency. Friend quested the privilege of co-operation and foe, alien and citizen were in joint publication of the book, brought face to face. Loyalty and "Christian Americanization, A Task disloyalty stood out in bold contrast. for the Churches." The women will- The years of trifling with the crying ingly assented and an initial edition evils of immigration now uttered of seventy thousand is now on the sharp rebuke, and social workers market. The author, Charles Alvin who had long labored to rouse the Brooks, Secretary for Foreign-speaking Missions of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, in this book made a valuable contribution to the study of America's social problems.

public conscience, scarcely controlled temptible atoms of the dust of autoctheir passionate, "I told you so." racy. And because America is young and strong, with daring and initiative While the war revealed the neces- and the spirit of adventure, with no sity for national unity, the end of traditions of the past to fetter her, the war has by no means achieved with plenty of room to expand,with our unification. True Americanism unlimited supplies of the necessities is not in providing capable men for of life, she is the Land of Opporan obedient army, not in standardiz- tunity, the Land of Liberty, God's ing them like peas in a pod, nor in Country "where the air is full of compelling the use of a common lan- sunshine, and the flag is full of guage, nor in perfecting a liberal stars." government, nor in .breeding an exclusive people with a supreme con- At the end of Dr. Brooks' second tempt for all other lands. The true chapter every reader must echo his American holds in sacred trust a great ideal of liberty not for his own * fervid thanksgiving: "America, my enjoyment, but to pass on to those in bondage, and no man craving free- country, thank God!" dom is too mean to be lawful heir. Nor will Americanization be com- A NOTEWORTHY SERVICE pleted until everyone who shares the bounty and protection of this land of Eighteen and a half years of enthe free, gladly pledges everything, thusiastic, arduous, constructive, sec- retarial service for Home Missions even to life itself, to keep burning has Mrs. Robert W. MacDonell given the sacred fires of liberty. In this to the Southern Methodist Church. task Dr. Brooks sees the salvation of After eight years of loving service in America, for by introducing millions Mexico with her husband, until his of foreign birth to the inheritance of death, she became General Secretary a great national life, she will have of the Woman's Board of Home assured her own continued existence. Missions and was somewhat of a pioneer in promoting Christian work The second chapter admits the ar- among Negroes, Mexicans, and deriving foreigners into partnership pendent girls. During her secretarywith American hopes and endeavors. ship also the office of Deaconess was All that is asked of them is loyalty created and a system of social cenand sincerity. They, too, have come ters and of cooperative homes for to discover America, as did our working girls was developed. The heroic ancestors. And now America last half of her service has been deundertakes a singular and splendid voted particularly to the Home Deadventure: to make a nation out of partment of the Woman's Missionary fragments of the world's peoples; a Council. These years of arduous dissected puzzle, to be assembled fin- labor taxed her strength to the limit, ally a new race of mankind. She and Mrs. McDonnell felt compelled has no precedent to guide her. In to tender her resignation which was other lands and other ages, combina- accepted with regret. tions of races into a nation have been formed by subjugation, by incorpora- A fellow-officer writes: "When the tion or by adjustment; but for inside history of Home Missions in America is reserved the experiment our Church shall be written, her of assimilating most unlike elements name will be in the front rank of into a united whole. This new world those who have thought and wrought has been new life to uncounted mil- to a fine and high purpose in this cause." lions who in Europe were but con- * Succeeding issues of the Bulletin wilI con· tain digests of the remainder of the book.

fROM .MrANY

JAPAN-CHOSEN Christian school had an effect on the hearts of the pupils that worked its Sunday School Convention in Tokyo way to the surface through their countenances. Christian Advocate. JAPANESE interest in the World Sunday School Convention, to be The Continuation Committee held in Tokyo in October, 1920, is evident from a letter written by THE JAPAN Continuation Com- Marquis Okuma, of Tokyo, to the mittee, which is a lineal descend- ant of the Committee formed by the late Henry J. Heinz. The letter, Edin} urgh Conference of 1910, links togetner the two union organizations seven feet long and written in Japan- thilt have long been in operation, the ese, was brought by Mr. H. E. Cole- Federation of Japanese Churches man, educational secretary for Japan ~nd the Conference of Federated for the World's Sunday School As- Missions. The Continuation Commitsociation. The Marquis, after ex- tee is composed of forty-five mempressing his gratification that the bers, fifteen of whom are appointed plans for holding the Convention are from time to time by the Federation to be fulfilled, closes his letter as of Churches, fifteen of them by the follows: Federated Missions, and the remain- der are chosen by the. Committee "I have organized the (Koen Kai) itself. General meetings are held Patrons Association among the in- once a year for the transaction of fluential men of my country for en- business and for the discussion of tertaining the convention. Needless important questions touching cooperto say, true peace depends upon the ation and the policy and progress of understanding of the spiritual ideals the Christian movement. of the different countries. Individually I do not doubt that the great Fertile Soil in Japanese Institutions convention will not only be of great benefit to Japan, but that it will give MANY missionaries find the i r a large stimulus to the sympathy and greatest harvest in the factories brotherhood feeling of the humanity of Japan, which have been springing of the world and that it will lead up in every city and where the young to peace and better international un- women from the country are flocking derstandings." to find work and where, as is well known, the sanitary and moral condi- Chlldren of Light tions are appalling. After only a short period these young girls return AJ APANESE mother came to a to their homes physical and social mission school in Japan bringing bankrupts. In some factories there is her two daughters. She wished them a native helper always on hand to to be entered as pupils. The prin- give counsel and care for the sick. cipal asked the usual questions and A less extensive opportunity is found received the usual replies until she in reform schools for wayward boys. came to the query, "What do you ex- Many of them are open to wholepect us to do for your girls?" To some Christian influence. this the woman answered: "I live in this city and have often watched Japanese Peasant Sect the faces of your pupils. They seem to shine more than my children's do. TENRIKYO, a Japanese sect, is I want you to put some of that same said to have 3,500,000 adherents polish on the faces of my girls." It was her way of saying that she recognized that the teaching in that 703

and 2,000 preaching centers. It ing, literature, entertainment, reprevails among the peasants, and wards, music, etc. The fact that so was originated and spread by wom- many Koreans are fitted to lead in en. It commends itself to the an institute of this kind is eloquent Japanese peasantry on the ground testimony to the thorough work done that it is a variation of Shintoism, by the Missions in days gone by. free from any admixture of foreign ideas. Some of its teaching CHINA is analogous to Christian Science as to the art of healing. Tenrikyo be- Women in Church Government lievers. are reported to have been heavy contributors to Belgian relief AT THE Church of England synod funds and are much sought after as of the diocese of Fukien, held at employees in large factories. Like Foochow in February, the question other non-Christian religions, Ten- of appointing women representatives rikyo takes a very compromising at- on the councils of the Church was titude toward sin. considered. The burden of the speeches was to the effect that there Chosen Christian College was much to be learned from wo- men, and that trying to get on with- THE cornerstone of the Charles M. out their advice in the councils of the Stenison Building, the first per- Church was like trying to get through manent structure of Chosen Christian daily life with one hand only. Final- College, was laid on April 19, by ly the synod decided almost unan- Mrs. H. G. Underwood, whose hus- imously that women should be band was founder and first president eligible as representatives, not only of the College. This is the first of on pastorate committees and church five buildings, and funds for four of councils, but also on the synod itself. them are already assured. Model homes for the families of the faculty Church Missionary Review. and married students will be erected, and will exemplify the most modern Prayer for Israel in Eastern Asia ideas in equipment and sanitation. Because of the disturbed conditions THE FUKIEN branch of the in Korea, no formal invitations to the Prayer Union for Israel held its ceremony were issued, and there was eighteenth annual meeting recently at only a small attendance of students, Kullang. In Tokyo last February a considerable number of whom were five hundred Japanese Christians under arrest. gathered to hear the testimony of a converted English Jew, and after- Snnday School Institnte for Teachers ward organized the Japanese Prayer Union for Jews. The first Thurs- AN Institute for the training of day of each month is to be devoted Sunday-school teachers, the first to Bible study concerning the Jews, to be held in Korea, was in progress and prayer for their salvation. Twenin Seoul when the revolutionary dis- ty-one groups in Korea meet to pray turbances became 'acute. At least 200 for Israel on the last Thursday of were in attendance. The course cov- every month. ered three weeks, and the students were divided into four groups: first, Agriculture as Related to Evangelism primary teachers; second, intermediate grade teachers; teachers of CHINA has no less than six speadult classes; and fourth, officers of cially trained agricultural missionthe Sunday-school. The program aries, and there is a' growing conviccovered all the important matters of tion that agricultural training has an Sunday-school organization and ad- important place in the missionary ministration, grading, teacher-train- program. A paper advocating the introduction of agriculture in China's middle and primary schools, read at the Honan-Shantung Educational As-

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sociation, mentions the following ways trains, in China as elsewhere, but by which agriculture will serve both while the steamer mail lines at the educational and evangelistic work. end of 1917 totalled 68,000 Ii, and the railway lines, 19,500 Ii, the over- 1. It offers a field for students not land courier routes aggregated 432,000 fitted to become professional men. Ii. From the rail terminus of Honan to Tihwafu in Turkestan, the Chinese 2. It will dispose of the criticism post office maintains a day and night that mission schools do not train stu- service of over 2,000 miles. The dents for life ·work. carriers cover an average of 70 miles a day on foot. Carrying 40 pounds 3. It will send forth students to be of mail, they do 60 miles at a more independent, and thus better stretch, with only short stops for able to support the Church. food. Often the carriers have to contend with floods and when boats 4. It will develop character and a are not available, they swim with the sense of responsibility, and teach the mail bags on their heads. Bands of dignity of labor. brigands sometimes make necessary the suspension of mail service, the The writer of this paper in The mail accumulating at some center, Chinese Recorder further maintains until it is considered safe to proceed that agriculture will demonstrate the with it. practical phase of Christianity, and furnish a point of contact with the The Tanners' Deity eighty-five per cent of China's population who are farmers. TANNING is the chief trade of Kiangchow, Shansi pro v inc e, Chinese God's Annnal Tour called "The Purple City." Among I T IS the custom in each Chinese its myriad temples and shrines is one city to have a "Ch'eng Huang dedicated to the Pi-shen, (hide Miao," or temple where the god of deity), who reigns supreme over all the city abides. In Man Ch'eng, a the industry of skin scraping. His city not far from Paotingfu, this city origin is lost in obscurity, and outgod makes an annual visit to the side of the Purple City his fame is neighboring villages. Like other unknown. Month by month festivals idols, he is constructed of mud and are held in his honor. Traveling beautified with gaudy colors. On this actors are invited to occupy the stage annual tour he is carried in a sedan on the street opposite the temple chair in the manner of a bride, al- door, and for three days, from ten though unlike a bride in being visible. in the morning till long after mid- The procession is headed by young night, there is the constant din of men carrying a gun, whose detona- clashing cymbals and strident gongs. tions sometimes shatter windows. A In the summer, processions; in wingroup of fanatics follow, carrying in- ter, fireworks; and in all seasons, cense pots which are suspended by candles, meat offerings and incense hooks caught in the under part of make up the worship of this deity. their forearm. Other paraders wear placards hung about their necks "It is impossible that anyone in the which proclaim some crime they have tanning trade should become a Chriscommitted. The custom seems well tian," a missionary was told when he established in Man Ch'eng. took up his r~sidence there in 1914. A year later, one of the most skilled China's Man System of the craftsmen was baptized and continues to witness for Christ. ROBBERS, beasts and floods are Others have followed, but fear and ,'the per<ils against which the superstition is holding many back. Chinese postal authorities must safeguard their carriers. One is likely to think of post offices as receiving and distributing mail by steamers and

SIAM AND LAOS tians in the diocese who have been won from the lowest state of degra- Leper's Systematic Giving dation and ignorance, and in turn they are supporting a mission to THE ENVELOPE system is an carry the gospel into regions where innovation of the leper church at it is now unknown. Chiengmai, Siam. Where to get the envelopes was the problem that con- The Congregationalist. fronted the members, but with a pile of white paper scraps from the mis- Agricultural Missions sion press at their disposal, the lepers fashioned their own envelopes, al- THE Mission Demonstration Farm, most without hands. The crude, mis- Burma, India, has grown from shapen envelopes piled in the collec- ten to twenty acres. On one half tion basket the first Sunday there- sugar cane has been grown, on the after gave evidence of the difficulty other half rice. It is expected that fifwith which the mutilated stumps of teen tons of brown cake sugar will hands had worked. The weekly be yielded. The poultry business has offering has always been about 60 been a great success. The greatest encents, but the first envelope collec- couragement to the agricultural plans tion reached the high mark of $1.44. is the fact that the Government of Burma is willing to help in de- INDIA veloping an agricultural school at Pyinmana. It has made plans for The National Missionary Society an agricultural college at Mandalay, with 4 number of experiment sta- THIS native Christian soc i e t y , tions located over the province. The which has been at work for college at Mandalay will touch only about thirteen years, conducts mis- those who have passed the high sions at six centers, all except one school, while the Burman agriculhaving ordained Indian missionaries. tural school is designed to reach the There is one medical missionary. sons of farmers who are able to get The Society's income in 1918 was only a common school education. the largest ever received, amounting to 25,450 rupees ($8,000). The Southern Workman. steady increase of income from 3,500 rupees the first year promises Burma Student Camp much for the determination of Indian Christians to assume responsi- THE seventeenth annual camp of bility for evangelizing their own the Burma Student Christian Asland. sociation was held at Cabin Island, Kokine, from March 28 to April 2. Transformation in Dornakal Various games and social activities were enjoyed, and there was a daily REMARKABLE work has been program, beginning with "Morning done in the native state of Dorn- Watch" at six. a. m. and followed aka! by Bishop Azariah, the first by a morning and afternoon session Anglican Indian Bishop. When he of Bible study, and a devotional serventered this state ten years ago, he ice at sunset. The morning and was the only Christian in the place. afternoon conferences were con- He bought a house and nine acres of land for $100 and started to work, ducted by Prof. W. J. Hutchins, of almost single handed. Among the great masses in the country districts Oberlin, Ohio. who di:::cussed "The there were no roads, no schools, no Duty of Christians to Win Men," security, no justice. The bishop "The Business of Citizens of God's started industrial schools where weav- Kingdom," and kindred subjects. The ing, carpentry and agriculture were Bible Study Circle was conducted by taught. Today there are 60,000 Chris- Mr. W. T. M. Clewes, of Rangoon.

On the last day of the camp, each student was asked to write briefly his

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

impressions of the conferences, and The new Armenia, if the Armenian to tell what theme had most appealed national delegation has its way, will to him. All had gained a deeper extend from nearly the Caspian Sea knowledge of Christian truth, and on the east to Caesarea on the west, had come to see that their first duty and from the Black Sea on- the north was to win others to God. to the Mediterranean on the south- west. It will contain about 130,000 MOSLEM LANDS square miles and a population of 4,300,000. Of these, 2,500,000 will Mecca MOOr the War be Armenians, 500,000_ other Chris- tians and 1,300,000 Turks, Arabs, THE AVERAGE annual number Circassians, Persians, Kurds, Tartars, of hiijis or Mecca pilgrims is etc. given in the Encyclopredia of Islam at 70,000. During war time this has The arguments in favor of Amerconsiderably diminished. But this ica's accepting a mandate for this year is likely to witness a large in- region are presented by ex-ambassacrease in the number of pilgrims. dor Gerard, Hon. John Sharp Wil- The new government of Hejaz has liams, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Charles now made great improvements in W. Eliot, and others, on the sanitation, security, and facilities of grounds of humanitarian duty as a travel between Jiddah and Mecca. contribution to world betterment, the A leading Moslem photographer has confidence of Armenians in Amerian establishment at Mecca, not far can friendship, the burdens borne- by from the Kaabah sanctuary, so that other nations and the ability of one can now get without difficulty America to render this service. recent photographs of pilgrimage assemblies. It is difficult to realize Such a solution of the problem how the great festival will shape will not involve any great internaitself when the Medina railway is tional difficulty, impose any military completed to Mecca and the port of burden or incur any great expense, Jiddah, and when taxi-cabs become but it will mean untold blessing to available in and around Mecca. Armenians and freedom and protec- tion to Christian progress. Americans C. M. S. Review. have invested millions of dollars and hundreds of lives in Armenia, not Prince Faisal and the Syrian Protestant for selfish financial gain, but for the enlightenment of Armenia and for College the salvation of her people.

AT THE Peace Conference in Turkey Convicts its War Leaders Paris, Ernest Hamlin Abbott interviewed the Prince of the new ENVER PASHA, Talaat Bey and Arabian kingdom of the Hejaz, tind Djemal Pasha, leaders of the heard the Prince's opinion of the Turkish Government during the war, Syrian Protestant College at Beirut. were condemned to death by a Turk- "Daniel Bliss," said Prince Faisal, ish court-martial on July 11. Djavid "is the grandfather of Syria, and his Bey, former minister of finance, and son, Howard Bliss, is the father of Mussa Kiazim, former Sheik-ul-Islam Syria. Without the education that were sentenced to fifteen years' hard this College has given, the struggle labor. For most of the war period for freedom could never have been Talaat Bey was Minister of the Inwon. The Arabs owe everything to terior, Enver Pasha the Minister of these men." War and Djemal Pasha, the Military Governor of Syria. All three ad- America as Mandatory for Armenia mitted the Armenian massacres as a necessity because these people were ASTRONG effort is being made to troublesome. Djemal was instru- induce America to become mandatory for the new state of Armenia, set up by the Peace Conference.

mental in carrying out the massacres toring their former faith, is one outagainst the Beirut Reform League. growth of the Centenary Exposi- This is the climax of a series of tion. Subscriptions are open for this prosecutions, beginning with that of fund and the Methodist Board of Kemal Bey last April, undertaken by Foreign Missions will have the diofficials of the new regime to clear rection of the enterprise. their skirts from blame for participation in the war. Onitsha Industrial Mission A Christian Paper for Turks TRADE and industries are making rapid advance in Africa, especial- THE Rahnuma (Guide) is a bi- ly in Nigeria where coal and tin min- weekly, Christian newspaper pub- ing, lime burning, tile making, rope lished at Aintab, in the characters making, saw mills, the preparation known to the majority of the Turks, of cotton-seed oil to replace linseed, one page in Osmanli Turkish, one in are giving opportunities for the for- Armenian and another in Armeno- mation or development of local in- Turkish. The people of Aintab, even dustries. The Onitsha Industrial though they had to go without bread, Mission is doing such good work in insisted upon having a newspaper, training boys and young men to beand the subscription list has grown come craftsmen that the British Govfrom fifty to four hundred. The ernment has recognized it by the paper contains news, editorials. and a award of a grant of £100. In Basusermon or some Christian educa- toland a considerable development tional article. It is said to be the of glazed and well-finished pottery most important single agency in pre- manufacture is taking place. venting disturbances and quieting the people. The funds for maintaining C. M. S. Review. the paper are supplied by British officers. Christianity and Cannibalism on the Jewish Assembly in Palestine Congo THE first Constituent ~ssembly !n THE Heart of Africa Mission re- the Holy Land will meet III ports remarkable success. At Jerusalem May 18. Four hundred Nala, where work was begun in delegates are to be chosen at elec- 1915,' there are baptisms almost tions participated in by all the Jew- every week, and at Niangara, after ish residents of Palestine. The Jews eight months' work, twenty-seven decided that only Hebrew-speaking people have been baptized. At Wam- Jews shall be eligible as delegates or ba, a station opened still more reofficers at tHis assembly. cently, there are one hundred con- verts. In August, three men were AFRICA set apart as leaders and five as dea- cons. Confessions of some of the Berbers to be Reclaimed converts throw light on what these people were before accepting Christ. CHRISTIANITY had some of its strongholds in North Africa, un- i "My father" said one "killed a til dissension in the seventh century so weakened the churches as to make man, and helped to' eat him." them fall an easy prey to Moham- Another testified: "When I was medanism. Ruins of ancient Chris- three years old I remember my tian churches are still to be found in father killing a man, and because Carthage and other North Africa he had killed my brother I shared in cities. To aid in "the reconquest of eating the stew." It is said that at North Africa for Christianity," and one place the chief's custom when to establish Christian churches in the about to put a man to death was to Berber villages in the hope of res- call out to the executioner: "Come, Bongo, come, Bongo, and take away your meat;" and the chief would

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

actually give salt to be eaten with The Language Need in Africa the victim! The missionaries have now added a translation into Ban- A MISSIONARY in Congo BeIge, gala, the lingua franca of that part Miss Pauline A. Fraser, calls of Africa, of the Epistle of St. attention to the fact that while much James to those of the Gospels of is said and written about the great St. Mark and St. John. unoccupied and unevangelized areas in Africa, very little is noted about C. M, S. Review. the great language need. Tribe af- ter tribe have never had their ver- Wanyamwezi Tribe iacular reduced to writing, so that the people cannot grow spiritually THE Wanyamwezi tribe of East even if they should hear the Gospel Africa is regarded as physically and believe in Jesus Christ. They and intellectually superior to all must have the Bible in their own others in that territory. It was from tongues. It will take years to acthat tribe that the British recruited complish this, but a beginning should their best African troops. Two be made immediately, Christian linyoung men from Aberdeen offered guists are greatly needed. their services to the United Free Church of Scotland, the one as a Christian Work In Madagascar medical and the other as an ordained missionary to this field; but SINCE France took control of the Committee reluctantly decided Madagascar Protestant Christian that this work could not be under- work has been much more difficult taken in view of the fact that this than formerly, being looked upon tribe was situated more than 300 unfavorably by the French Colonial miles from any other work sup- Government. Before permission is ported by that mission and so com- granted to a Protestant Society to pletely out of touch with it, since establish any new out-station, over it must be reached by a different eighty signatures of the villagers repart of the African coast. questing such a station must be pre- sented. Last year Rev. K W. Gale, A Hospital for Mine Workers of the London Missionary Society, received over thirty-six such peti- THE City Deep Native Hospital tions for out-stations, and forwarded is operated to serve the Rand them to the Government. Mr. Gale group of mines in South Africa. reports some most interesting experi- It is fitted with all the care and com- ences in his recent missionary jourpleteness that characterize the best neys into uncivilized heathen disof the local white hospitals and holds tricts. The native pastors put in a high place among the general hos- charge of these new stations are pitals of the British Empire. About ready to endure hardships as good twelve native women nurses are in soldiers of Jesus Christ. These attendance. Near the hospital are college men receive a salarv of only modern, attractively furnished homes twenty-four shillings ($6,00) a for the resident doctor, matron and month; they live in rush huts, have white nurses, with additional quar- only impure water to drink, endure ters for the native nurses. There extreme heat, and are constantly exis great advantage to the mine own- posed to malaria. Their isolation ers in the fact that the native worker from Christian friends is complete. is afforded the best surgical, medical and nursing skill procurable, but The need for Christian teaching in the guiding policy back of this scien- these unreached districts is indetific care is more than economic. It scribable. Morality is unknown. is the practical application of the Parents even build isolated huts for Sermon on the Mount. their unmarried daughters for im- moral purposes for financial gain.

Men are rotting with disease, with proved by the history of Spain and no one to help them. Witch doctors Italy, of Austria and the Latin control the people and bitterly oppose American republics. The papacy is Christianity. When one of these a political machine, with temporal witch doctors is won over, almo~t po:ver a? wel~ ~s a religious organi- zatIOn WIth spmtual claims. the whole village will follow.

EUROPE AND SIBERIA AA Y. W. C. A. Protest NEW organization, to be called Religious Liberty in Ireland the "Evangelical Young Wom- an's Christian Association," has been I T IS said that Ireland is an forI?ed in I:ondon as a protest "imaginary" republic, with an ~gamst the mdefinite, and some- "imaginary" president, Mr. De Va- tlmes rationalistic doctrinal teachlera. But Ireland is not a republic, ing ip. the British Y. W. C. A. Some and is neither independent nor free. 60 branches of the Y. W. C. A. have Independent Ireland may never be decided to cast in their lot with the free, but true freedom is a boon new organization and others in Scoteagerly to be sought. The Irish peo- land and Wales are planning to folple who seek independence from low their example. Similar lines of England are the Roman Catholics work to those in the old Association of the South. The Protestants of will be taken up, such as Travelers' Ulster, the prosperous portion of the Aids, Recreation Centers, Mission- Island, do not wish such liberation. ary Work and Bible Study Classes. According to David O'Connor, late This proposed separation has caused editor of the Sinn Fein Daily, these some leaders in the Y. W. C. A. to promoters of the Irish Republic .qo propose steps to restore the original not wish to establish religious liberty evangelical standards of the Assoin their new state, but to have the ciation. Roman Catholic priests and bishops in authority, and to have "the Catho- War Decreases Sunday School Attendance lic religion openly taught in the public schools as the basis and corner HE official Year Book of the stone of Irish civilization." T Church of England for 1918 re- cords a decline in Sunday-school at- The Roman Catholic Church, tendanc.e of children in England, which the leaders of the Irish Re- amountmg to 60,000 less than in public proclaim as supreme, is di- 1917. Various reasons are assigned rectly opposed to the fundamental for this disquieting fact, among principles of a democratic republic. them the absence of teachers from The authority of the Pope is su- their post. An improvement is expreme, and therefore "government pected with the return of workers of the people, for the people and by from the scenes of war. the people" is impossible. The Catholic Church is also opposed to Advance in Baptist Missions the separation of church and state, and to full liberty of conscience and THE English Baptist Church reopinion. The Church denies the ports that the amount given for right of private judgment and of independent acts which may contra- foreign missions last year was $600,- vene the laws of the Church. In O~O, or $100,000 more than-the presuch a state, marriage and divorce, VIOUS year and the largest amount in education, law making and politics the history of English Baptists. will be under control of church au- Three thousand converts were bapthorities. True independence and tized on the foreign field last year. liberty are incompatible with a government controlled by the Roman Medical Missions ruustrated Catholic Church. This has been A ~EDICAL Miss.ionary Exhibi- tion was held m London in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

June and part of July, and awak- school for recreation, supper and an ened a lively interest, not only hour and a half of study for the by the various tableaus and exhibits next day's lessons. but by addresses, about social and spiritual conditions in other lands. Outside of Paris, other Protestant Demonstrations of medical work, relief has been maintained without with costumes worn and instruments interruption. At Lille, Pastor Bose used, in. Korea, China, India, Is- carried on the regular clubs of his lands and other places, were given. Protestant group, and provided 2,000 There was also a native doctor's meals each week for helpless men, office, a dispensary and an operat- women and children. ing theatre. The Gospel in the VernacnIar Denmark and Missions I N' Rome a welcome innovation THE Lutheran Church of Den- in the church services began from mark which operates mlSSlOns the end of last February. At that in India and Manchuria has come date the Vicar-General issued inthrough the stress of war time vic- structions to the parish priests of toriously. Last year there was a the city that in future at Low Mass, surplus in. the Church's missionary after they have read the Gospel in treasury, and of the fifty-four mis- Latin, they are to turn to the people sionaries which the society expected and read it again in a loud and to have on its staff, sixteen have distinct voice in Italian. On the been sent Qut since the war began. first Sunday in Lent the Society of As many more have been accepted St. Jerome began to issue a weekly and are preparing for service. These Italian leaflet, to be distributed gratis are astonishing facts when one re- among church congregations. Father members how Denmark has been Genocchi, of that Society, has supharassed with high prices and high plied the Bible Society's secretary in exchange. Rome with one of these leaflets. which is well printed, with a picture Moral Leadership in France in front, and contains the Gospel for the Sunday in Italian, followed I T is estimated that even the small- by some comments which form a est of the churches in Paris have sort of sermonette. lost at least from thirty to forty men in the war. The high cost of Bible in the Warld. living and the almost total lack of remunerative work which they can News from Budapest do has left the women and children in helpless panic. Also the moral ONE of the oldest of Jewish Misstamina and energy of spirit is sadly sions is that in Budapest under let down, now that the terrible strain the care of the United Free Church is over. of Scotland. Since the Soviets have taken control there, all religious and The French Protestant Church is educational work has been "nationtaking the lead in supplying moral alized," and representatives· of the leadership and high standards of liv- Communists are placed over the diing, and prominent in this task is rectors. The Soviet Republic has the McAll Mission, which has been decreed that all religious teaching a center throughout the war for the must cease, even prayers in the distribution of relief of all kinds. Girls' Home of the Mission. One In addition to its numerous clubs element of encouragement lies in the and organizations for both men and fact that parents are inquiring what women the Mission has a gymna- will become of their young people sium, where children whose parents if they cannot receive any religious are at work may come direct from training; and another hopeful fea- ture is that the Soviets have not yet

seized the ]i[is5ion funds, although cred books are two: "Kitab al Jil- they have reserved to themselves the wah" (Book of Revelation) and right to seize any property they may "Matzhaf Resh" (Chief Regula~ desire. The Jewish Mission Com- tion5). The first contains only five mittee has made a strong appeal to short chapters, and the second is the British Government on behalf of largely a book of legend. their interests, and it is not believed that these intolerable conditions will Religious Monthly In Siberia continue. A NEW religious monthly called The Bible in ~fodern Greek Blagovest-nik (The Evangelist) is just out. It is published at Omsk, I T is only since the war that the Siberia, by Robert Fetler, a brother Scriptures in modern Greek have of Pastor William Fetler, formerly been permitted in Greece. The of Petrograd, who founded the Rus- Greeks were therefore practically de- sian Missionary and Educational So- prived of the Bible, for few of them ciety in Philadelphia. The paper understood the ancient tongue. One comprises sixteen pages, and the of the workers of the Scripture poor quality of paper and ink used Gift Mission in Salonica reports: testify to the scarcity of those mater- ials in Siberia. One of the items re- "The War has indeed opened up corded in the paper is the closing of large vistas of opportunity in this the Baptist-Stundist Church in Omsk land for those who are engaged in by command of the military authorireligious work. Because of the pres- ties. The church leaders have apence of the Allies it has been possi- pealed to the Siberian Government, ble to get Bibles and portions of the which is headed by Admiral Kol- Scriptures into the country, and thus chak, for the return of their buildto create an appetite for the Word ing, which had been taken over as which would have taken years to a headquarters of the army staff. bring about in time of peace. We are hoping and praying that the new NORTH A~fERICA Liberal Government will let down the bars and allow the Scriptures to Plan to Educate Russian War Prisoners be imported and sold without restrictions." THE Russian Missionary and Edu- cational Society, of Philadel- The Christian. phia, plans to bring over from France from thirty to fifty Russian Devil-Worshippers of the Caucasus converted war prisoners, During their imprisonment in Germany and THE Yezides, call.d by their Austria they came in contact with neighbors "devil-worshippers," fellow prisoners who were Chrislive in a region bordering on the tians, and who by preaching. the Russian Caucasus. Their racial ori- Gospel and giving access to God's gin is in doubt. They are nomadic, Word brought these formerly nonuse the Kurdish tongue in every day converted men to believe in Christ. life and the Arabic in their religion. After the Armistice a number of They number about 200,000, and are them reached France, and the Rusdespised by Christians and Moham- sian Missionary Society is now planmedans alike. Their religion seems ning to bring them to the United to reflect aspects of the teachings 0 f States for education in their schools. Zoroaster, Moses and Mohammed. A campaign to raise a sufficient sum There is nothing in their books or for the purpose is being conducted. practice that would suggest a modeling after the diabolic. Possibly they Missionary Movement in Colleges have acquired their evil pseUdonym because of their secrecy and occult- THE campaign of the Student Ism. So far as known, their sa- Volunteers and the circulation

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of Lovell Murray's "The Call of a made 23,714 VISIts to hospitals, and World Task" among the college stu- had personal conversation with near- dents of America have helped to pro- ly 60,000 persons and distributed mote foreign missions in many col- over 30,000 tracts and Gospels. leges and universities. Special mis- Some 7,600 people professed con- sion budgets have been proposed and version. The meetings are held in several will hold financial campaigns churches, the open air, rescue mis- for missions in the fall. On the sions, institutions, industrial clubs, Pacific coast five foreign students factories and prisons. from the University of California visited all the colleges of the state The net cost of operating the In- in the interest of a missionary cam- stitute was $211,778.96, and the to- paign. The University of Texas is tal deficit on August 31 was $55,- planning to "put Texas in India" 138.53. This work is worthy of with a gift of $5,000 or more, while generous support. the University of Kentucky leaders have decided to raise a missionary FIanner House, Indianapolis budget each year as a memorial to the fourteen students who sacrificed A TROLLEY trip of less than ten their lives in the war. Dartmouth minutes from the heart of In- College has definite plans formed dianapolis brings one to a strip of for work in Turkey. The colored thickly populated Africa, a mile and colleges of the country are partici- a half by a mile in extent. In the pating in the movement, with the center of this district stands Flanspecial aim of supporting their own ner House, the only community cenmissionary in Africa. ter for the 40,000 negroes of In- diana's capital, who live in dingy, The JIoody Bible Institute dilapidated surroundings, with a minimum of light, air and comfort. A REMARKABLY effective and far-reaching work is being con- The ministrations of Flanner ducted by the Moody Bible Institute, House are many-sided. It serves as Chicago. Not only are horne mis- a clearing house for all kinds of sionaries being trained in large num- helpful activities, including Employbers, and Christian workers in many ment Bureau, Day nursery and Kindepartments of work in the home dergarten, free clinic and anti-tuberchurches, but last year 120 went out culosis society, gymnasium, etc. from the Institute to become foreign Flanner house is not a church, but missionaries. There were 117 stu- seeks to supplement the churches' redents enrolled in the day classes, and ligious instruction by a weekly Sun- 667 in the evening classes. The day-school. former included young men and women from 22 denominations, 42 Conference of New JIissionaries states and 29 foreign countries. The evening classes represented 262 THE twenty-second annual Conchurches in Chicago, 39 denomina- ference of the Presbyterian tions and 136 trades and occupa- Board of Foreign Missions, (June tions. The Bible Correspondence 4-11) at 156 Fifth Avenue, New Courses enrolled 5437 students. York, was record breaking in the number of attendants. The Reformed The work of the Institute is re- Church in America united in this markably thorough and far-reaching. conference and had 22 new mission- It includes courses of study in the aries on the list while Presbyterians Bible, missions, Sunday-school work, are sending out 110 recruits. The music and practical evangelism. The topics under discussion included: number of meetings conducted or at- "World Reconstruction and Foreign tended by students was 59,541; they Missions," "Administrative Systems,'" and "The Missionary's. Equipment." The new appointees go to remote

corners of the earth. Those as- ent languages, assembled to make signed to the Punjab and North In- plans for helping the foreign women dia remained with the Board for of their communities. The three three weeks' special study of Urdu. Chinese delegates came to learn about the Young Women's Christian Conference for Methodist Missionaries Association.

A N intensive training Conference Christian Advocate. for the newly appointed missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal LATIN AMERICA Board was held at Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Ill., July 8 to In Southern Mexico August 1. Among the lecturers were Bishop F. J. McConnell, Dr. E. D. EVANGELICAL Christian work Soper of Drew Theological Semi- is scarcely so far advanced in nary and representatives of the Bible Teachers' Training School of New Southern Mexico as in Guatemala. York and the Boston School of The- A missionary from the latter counology. Over one hundred were in attendance, most of whom left for try when journeying through the their appointed fields at the close of the Conference. Port of Mexico while on his way to Challenge to Methodism the United States for his furlough, THE report of the Committee on inquired where he could find an Findings of the Methodist Episcopal Church, meeting in Cleveland, evangelical chapel, and was told that Ohio, in June reads : "We recommend that we have a campaign of very likely they could give it to him evangelism that shall occupy the preeminent place in the conservation at the drug store. Thinking he program of the Church," and "that might not have been understood, he the goal shall be at least one million souls won for Christ by June, asked if there were not any evan- 1920." The raising of $112,000,000 for missions throughout the world gelists in the town, and received the was a testimony to the material possibilities of the Methodist Church, reply that the priest could explain but the meeting of this important challenge will call for awakened all about that. In desperation, he spiritual fervor. inquired whether there were any A Chinese Y. W. C. A. for New York Protestants in the Port of Mexico, THIRTY-NINE signatures, some and nobody had ever heard of such of them in Chinese characters, were signed to a petition asking for people. a Chinese Young Women's Christian Association in New York City. Last' Guatemala News. August a delegation of the Chinese women attended the big international Revolutions in Haiti conference which the Young Women's Christian Association held for A DEMONSTRATION of the exall foreign young women in the tent to which the many revoluvicinity of New York city. At'this tions through which Haiti has passed meeting more than two hundred has interfered with the normal life of delegates, speaking thirty-two differ- the people is to be seen on the trails of the country districts. On them one passes a never-ending stream of women-mile after mile and nothing but the female of the species-most of them with baskets on their heads. "Where are the men?" involuntarily rises to the traveler's lips. And the reply comes quickly that they never leave their huts, or at least never go abroad, since the sorrowful ex- perience of years has taught them that when they are at large they are apt to be impressed into service by roving "revolutionists." Hence one seldom sees anything but women as one wanders through Haiti.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.obeah Pratice Brazil, was the renowned possessor of an image of San Antonio, and -ELIEF in "obeah" (obsession by kept it in her home. After a long B an evil spirit) is deeply ground- period of drought her neighbors peti- tioned the old lady that she should ed in Jamaica, and is one of the lend them her "Saint" for nine days, most powerful opponents to Chris- so that they might pray to it for tianity. The "obeah" doctor is usual- that period and then return it. The 1y some disreputable renegade, liv- request was granted, and borne on a ing in poverty and filth, but his stretcher, the image made a round :services are in frequent demand. of visits in the neighborhood, finally When summoned professionally, he being returned to its glass case and enters the patient's room and calls a tribute of burning candles placed first for a pint of rum. A few drops about. To conclude the ceremony, .1.re sprinkled upon the patient, the the contents of a stone jar were rest he swallows. Then he takes out handed to those present, and their <>f his bag a few chicken feathers demeanor soon afterward gave evi- and some red cloth, which he lays dence of what the jar contained. All on the table. Next a small yellow went on their way homeward, with :snake is brought out of his bag and a feeling of merit at having done this he guides over the body of their duty to the saint, and confident the sick person. Then the crucial that he would send the needed rain. moment is at hand, for this time the obeah man utters the word THE ISLANDS ·"money." About $15 is handed over .1.nd operations begin anew. A small "A Bible Distribution in the PWlippines pan with a cover, more rum, blue COpy of the Scriptures in :and red lights, and then with a wild every home" is the maxim of whoop the obeah doctor dances, at the organized movement for Bible ftrst furiously, then slowing down to distribution in the Philippines. The a gentle swaying motion. With the aim is to have each church assume pan in one hand, the cover in the responsibility for a house-to-house <>ther, he makes a swift leap upon canvass in their respective districts, the patient, claps the cover on, and making a present of at least a penny amid an awed silence, departs with_ Gospel where no sale can be made. the "duppy" (evil spirit) safely in This reacts as an advantage to the bis pan. churches by bringing them to the attention of the public, by multiply- Ten minutes pass. Then a shriek ing the workers and by furnishing a 'is heard. An exploring party finds point of contact with the non-Christhe obeah man in wild distress. He tian community. bad stumbled, the lid fell off the pan, and the duppy had escaped. Leper Work in the PWIippines Could nothing be done to save the -patient, to whom the duppy had re- THERE are more than 5,000 lepturned? Surely, but it would re- ers on the Island of Culion, and ,quire more rum and more money. probably 1,500 more still at large on 'This time it required only a few other islands of the Philippines. The minutes to capture him, and the pan Evangelical Union directs the Chriswas put in the bag for safe keeping. tian work at San Lazaro and Culion Leper Asylums. Victoriano Mauri- BolTowing an Image cio is the leper pastor at San Lazaro, and he has his church organized PATIENCE and perseverance are with deacons and elders, who send essential qualities in the mis- in quarterly reports to their Consionary who strives to overcome the ference. The congregation numbers :ignorant fanaticism that enthralls the over 150. Lepers h:we recently -people of inland South America. An old woman in Dominge-nigo,

made a gift of 310 pesos for the numbers more outside the United erection of a chapel in Culion vil- States than in. The Presbyterians, lage. Reformed and Lutheran churches, all of which are Calvinistic, number Literacy in the Philippines 115,000,000, or three-fifths of all the Protestants in the world. M M. KALOW, secretary of the • Philippine Mission, is author- Christian Observer. ity for the following figures: Sev- enty per cent of the inhabitants of Fonndation Missionary Work the Philippines over ten years old are literate, as shown by the 1918 MR. K. Miyama, a Japanese census. Of the estimated popula- Christian worker, went to Hation of 10,500,000, 10,000,000 are waii some years ago, and, without "civilized Christians," while 500,000 any mission agency back of him, represents the non-Christians, or so- was the means of converting to called wild tribes. The percentage Christianity the Hon. Taro Ando, of literacy in the Philippines is high- the Japanese consul, his wife and er than in any of the new countries his secretaries. Later, Ando· and now clamoring for recognition by Miyama founded the National Temthe Allies. The Philippine legisla- perance Society of Japan and estabture, now composed entirely of Fili- lished the Ginza Methodist Church pinos, supports 4700 schools, with in Tokyo. The Hon. Sho N emoto, a teaching force of 12,303 teachers; another Japanese Christian and now and at their last session voted a member of the Lower House of 30,000,000 pesos to extend the edu- Parliament in Japan, was the author cational system. of a bill forbidding the sale of to- bacco to minors, and other anti- MISCELLANEOUS NOTES alcohol legislation, which passed the Lower House but failed in the Up- The Bible in America and Other Lands per. Both these Japanese Chris- tians are converts of a Methodist I N seven states of the Union it is Mission in California. illegal to have the Bible read in the public schools, yet China has New Translations of the Bible recommended the reading of the Scriptures in her schools. Thirty- 'THE Gospel by Matthew has been five million copies of the Bible are ~ translated and published in Pali, sold every year, home coming chaplains and war workers report the the sacred language of Buddhism, eager demand for Testaments among for the special purpose of introthe fighting men and missionaries ducing the Christian Scriptures to constantly testify to the transform- Burmese monks. The book of Daning effect of Bible reading upon the iel has been in great demand among heathen races of the world. these monks of Burma.

Interesting Statistics In Siam, an American missionary has succeeded in translating the RECENT denominational figures Epistles of Peter into Kamu, al- reveal some interesting facts though she does not know a word of relative to the strength of the var- that language. This seeming impos-· ious religious denominations through- sibility was accomplished with the out the world. For example: three- aid of a Laos teacher who knew fourths of the world's Baptists live no Kamu, and a Kamu colporteur between the Ohio river and the who knew some Laos. This col- Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic and porteur reads the translation to· Pacific oceans. Three-fourths of all travelers ,along the road, and one the Methodists live in the United manuscript has been worn out by States, but the Presbyterian Church constant use. The work has been revised and is now off the press.

MISSIONARY

Japan and World Peace. By K. K. lsowo Abe to the effect that "social- Kawakami. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50. istic ideas have been widely diffused The Macmillan Company. 1919. throughout the Empire in the past few years. The socialistic spirit Students of Far Eastern affairs is afloat everywhere, and it would welcome the writings of Mr. K. K. be a great mistake to judge the in- Kawakami as one of the ablest writ- fluence of socialism from the yet ers of modern Japan. His thorough small number of professed socialists knowledge of his own country, his only." (p. 39). He is pronouncedly travels and observations in China, his hostile to the military party in Japan. long residence in San Francisco, where he is the American corres- But while such statements show pondent of some of the influential that he is not a blind advocate of journals of Japan, and his clear and his country, the book as a whole educated mind combine to make shows 'that he is a staunchly loyal his views on the international situation in the Far East command Japanese. The major part of the respect. His former volumes were book is devoted to a vigorous adon "American-Japanese Relations," vocacy of Japan's foreign policy, (1912), "Asia at the Door" (1914), especially in its relations to China, and "Japan in World Politics," Siberia, the Pacific Islands ankl (1917). Mr. Kawakami is a loyal America. He courteously and skil- Japanese of the progressive school, fully flays America for inconsistency and naturally interprets Japan in in demanding a Monroe Doctrine terms of his own liberal thought. He for itself and denying one for China; does not hesitate to characterize the exposes politely but effectively the in- "divine origin" .of the Emperor as consistencies and the injustice of sev- "the sinister doctrine (p. 23), and to eral western nations, including the declare that "unfortunately, the late United States, in their dealings with Price Ito was influenced by the Far Eastern affairs; asserts that German idea of government, and, "China left to her own resources will in drafting a constitution for his ultimately become the Turkey of the country, preferred to follow the Ger- Far East if it has not already become man pattern rather than the Anglo- such"; and that Japan is abundantly Saxon conception of democracy." He justified in the course that she is takvigorously champions the growth of ing toward China. He admits howdemocracy in Japan, demands the ever that the notorious "21 demands" extension of suffrage from the pres- upon China in the spring of 1915 ent percentage of franchise-holders were a blunder, not because they from 28 of each 1,000 of the popu- were wrong in themselves but belation, calls for greater liberty for cause the manner of presentation trade unions and for greater free- were not characterized by "greater dom of speech. References to social- discretion and saner judgment." (p. ism remind us that he was long 166.) distrusted by many of his countrymen, and is still by some of them, Some things in the book will be as himself inclined toward social- challenged by American and British ism. He says: "to throttle the ad- readers, and probably by all Chinese vocacy of socialism is ridiculous" readers who. will feel that the whole (p. 36); and he quotes with ap- discussion is an eX' parte one. It is proval the opinion of Professor delightfully written, and gives an ex- cellent understanding of Japan's point of view.

717

The Crisis in Church and College. By -(1) Roman Catholic (a majority Geo. W. McPherson. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25 net. Published by the author, !n the North) ; (2) Moslems (strong- Yonkers, N. Y. 1919. m Central and Southern Albania); There has been a great deal of (3) Orthodox Greek (strong minori- ties in Southern and Central Aljust complaint of the destructive bania and (4) Protestants-a very criticism that has characterized the few converts of the work conducted teaching of many preachers and in- by the American Board missionaries. stitutions of learning. Even before The three leading religious forces men know what the Bible teaches are antagonistic, but Mr. ChekrezL they are told that it is not true. Many so called scholars and teachers holds that this element of discord adopt the premise that all knowledge can be ignored since "the weakest is attainable by intellectual investiga- point of the Albanian is his religion." gation and that the only scientific method of study is inductive. They With the return of peace there is ignore revelation and spiritual dis- ground for hope that Christian edcernment. Dr. McPherson' applies ucation will be promoted. the inductive scientific method to his study of rationalism in American A. Mosaic of Missionary Methods. By colleges and pulpits. He quotes Stanley Sowton. 12mo. 156 pp. Wesfrom text books and correspondents leyan Methodist Missionary Society, ~o show that the religious teaching London. 1918. m many of these training schools of the coming leaders creates unbelief These are methods for the home rather than faith. Dr. McPherson proves his case and then he points churches and not for the missionary. out the causes and the remedy for this "new theology." They range from the method of Albania-Past and Present. By Con- keeping missionary accounts in the stantine A. Chekrezi. 12mo. 255 pp. Maps. $2.25. The Macmillan Co. 1919. local society to the conduct of a Albania, the bone of contention in week of missionary meetings. There the Balkans, has been better known since William of Weid, the German are countless valuable suggestions Prince, was appointed ruler and then suddenly abdicated. Still Albania is taken from actual experience-misa mysterious country, about which few American's know anything defi- sionary teas, summer schools, games, nite. The Albanians are said to be the oldest race in the Balkans-they lectures, programs, mo~toes, posters, are certainly picturesque and interesting. This book is the most com- mothers' meetings, lending libraries, plete description of the country, the people and their history. advertising, curios, music, programs, Mr. Chekrezi, of Columbia Uni- etc., etc., The methods are adapted versity, is an Albanian who has studied at Korcha, at Athens and at Har- to all sorts of churches and occasions vard. He brings forward the claims of his people for an independent and will be a practical help to future. The book is full of valuable information and sh-ows the strength worried chairmen. . of Albanian character. The Albanians, however, net:d Christian educa- Robert and Mary. A Missionary Rotion. We have four religious groups mance of South Africa. Dramatized by Anita B. Ferris.

With ten characters and five scenes Miss Ferris gives a very simple and attractive missionary play based on "The Moffats"-a true story of love' and adventure. Try it in your Young People's Society or Sunday-school.

Fifty Years in China. By Samuel Isett Woodbridge. 12mo. 231 pp. Ma!) and illustrations. Presbyterian Com- mittee of Publication. Richmond, Va. 1919.

The Presbyterian Church (South) has been half a century at work in China-having begun work there in 1867. This story of adventures and a history with a polemical purpose.

achievements is a history in the form The author's aim is frankly revoluof a text book for mission studv classes. Dr. Woodbridge as a former tionary. His point of attack is premissionary in China is well fitted dictive prophecy. There is no such for his task and has given us a thing and cannot be, so this history clear, condensed, accurate and in- of Old Testament interpretation forming volume. While it relates tries to prove. chiefly to the fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church, it has a wealth Mr. Fullerton does not minimize of interesting facts for all. Ithe radical character of this thesis. It works, he assures us, first of all a fundamental change in current The History of Religions. By E. Wash- ideas of inspiration. It makes im- burn Hopkins, Ph. D. 8vo. 624 pp. possible the conception of the infalli- $3.00. Macmillan, 1919. bility of Scripture. "Prophets pre- One's view of non-Christian reli- dicted many things which never gions depends on one's view of reli- have been and never will be ful- gion. Dr. Hopkins, the professor of filled." It is no less revolutionary Sanskrit and comparative philology in in the way it affects Messianic Yale University, defines religion as Prophecy. Christ fulfills no predic- "Squaring human life with superhu- tions, only prophetic ideals.· When man Life." . He believes in the evo- Jesus told his disciples that all lution of religious consciousness and things must be fulfilled "which are convictions, but his treatise consists written in the law of Moses and the for the most part of a brief descrip- Prophets and the Psalms concern- tion of the origin, character, belie'fs ing me," He was mistaken. Our au- and practices of each religion. He thor's position, as he himself tells does not doubt the historicity of us, excludes also the miraculous, Jesus, but his view point is seen but not,. as he thinks, the supernat- in the statement that "Buddhistic uraL And finally much to his own teachings affected the story of satisfaction it cuts the tap root of Jesus." He casts doubt on the vir- the millenial hope, which he calls gin birth, the miracles and the an anachronism in our age. If there resurrection as recounted in the Gos- was no prediction of the first Ad- pels. Dr. Washburn believes in vent, there can be none of the Christianity as the ideal religion, but Second Advent. Some of us may not as a direct revelation from God. go further and wonder what is left to our Christian faith.

Prophecy and Authority. By Kemper In the preface Mr. Fullerton ad- Fullerton, Professor of 01d Testa- mits with some reservation that ment Language and Literature, Ober- the conservatism of the Church is lin Graduate School of Theology. 214 a good thing. We agree with him pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. 1919. there; and we trust that there is enough of this saving conservatism In this volume Mr. Fullerton has even in our theological seminaries, given us an exceedingly interesting to repudiate the red radicalism and well written "history of· the which this book would teach. doctrine and interpretation of Scripture" more especially of the Old Testament and of Messianic Pro- Madame France. By R. Louise Fitch. phecy in particular. He is thor- .8vo. 189 pp. $1.50 net. The Wo- oughly familiar with his subject, man's Press, New York, 1919.

and simply as a history of exegeti- The story of what the French cal methods and principles from the women did to help win the war. Full Patristic Fathers down t6 the mod- appreciation is shown, and some things ern school of criticism, it excites "French" are entirely overlooked. The our admiration. Unfortunately it is beautiful and the good are pictured while the evil is almost overlooked. ment." Among the most helpful are Miss Fitch's view point is shown in those by Dr. A. C. Gaebelein on her statements that "Protestantism is "The Preeminence of the Lord a tiny bark in the sea of Catholicism" Jesus Christ" and "The Influence and that "the Catholic Church has of the Study of Prophecy on Life done all in its power to give spiritual and Service" by Dr. W. H. Griffith aid to its believers." Thomas. There are also addresses by Dr. James M. Gray, Rev. R. A. The Conscience and Concessions. By Torrey, Dr. Joseph W. C. Kemp, A. W. Anthony, D D. 12mo. 270 pp. Rev. W. B. Riley, the late Dr. ]. $1.50. Revell, 1919. Wilbur Chapman and others.

Dr. Anthony, the Executive Secre- John W. Stevenson. By Marshall tary of the Home Missions Council, Broomhall. 12mo. 95 pp. 2s. 6d. discusses the principles of federation Morgan and Scott, Ltd., 1919. and cooperation between various denominations. He endeavors to show A brief sketch of "one of Christ's how men may join in Christian work stalwarts" for over fifty years a miswithout surrendering conscientious sionary of the China Inland Mission. convictions. After tracing the steps He was a man of courage and faith, toward unity and noting the unifying methodical, simple in his tastes, loyal tendencies of the war, Dr. Anthony a~d a bulwark of strength to the mistakes up the protests of individualism sIon. and the broad basis of brotherhood. His "Practical Program of Valid Con- Those Who Have Come Back. By cession" includes a recognition of the Peter Clark Macfarlane. Illustrated. right to differ and the validity of 8vo. 269 pp. $1.50. Little, Brown & varied experiencies, the adoption of Co. Boston, 1914. an adequate program for world bet- Eight remarkable stories of men terment, knowledge joined through fellowship, the exercise of patience, and women rescued from evil livesopen mindedness and Christian char- including a morphia fiend, a bank burity. glar, a White-chapel woman, "Lucky Baldwin," and "Mel Trotter"-all Handbook of French and Belgian Prot- changed but apparently not all con- estantism. Prepared by Louis Sey- verted to Christ. Between the lines mou,r Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 7S we seem to read that these men and cents. Federal Council of Churches. women owe their new life to Christ, New York, 1919. but the author does not give Him fulI credit. Protestants are a live and important factor in France and Belgium. Amer- John P. Williamson. By Winifred E. ican Christians should know more Barton. 8vo. 269 pp. $1.75. Flemabout them and must help them to ing H. Revel! Co., 1919. rehabilitate themselves. This handbook gives the facts-historical and The life of' a well known missionpresent day. It is valuable for refer- ary to the Sioux Indians in South ence. Dakota. His life story is full of in- cident and shows the inspiring results Christ and Glory. Edited by A. C. of faithful work. Gaebelein. 8vo. 243 pp. $1.50. Our Hope. New York, 1919. Charles Chapin Tracy. By George E. White. 12mo. 80 pp. $1.00 net. These addresses delivered at the The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1919. New York Prophetic Bible Conference in Carnegie Hall last Novem- A brief sketch of the first President ber are of varying merit. They are of Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turall Bible expositions and include ad- key. Dr. Tracy was a missionary in dresses on "the Second Coming," Turkey for half a century and his "The Last Times" and the "Judg- work as an educationalist and lover of men abides. Your Money Will Make More For You!

A N incorporated organization of Christian workers desires a loan. Want to open up new work for which funds are pledged but not immediately collectible. Adequate security given. Interest at rate of 10%, paid quarterly or semi-annually, at option of lender. This is the legal rate in the state under whose "Blue Sky Law" we hold charter. You are offered THREE ADVAN- TAGES: a, safety of loan as good as with any Bank; b, an interest rate above average in the East; c, a chance to help the work of some folks who stand for the Gospel as preached by all evangelical churches.

Write Pastor, Lock Box 918, Indianapolis, Indiana.

~nr~nu THE BEST MISSIONARY STORIES AND PICTURES FOR BOYS AND GIRLS raiblt Picture Sheds to make into scrap-books Fascinating Stories to tell to children I} CIt 0 liege A Stamp Book for a new kind of collection THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Everyland Picture Sheets: Religious-Educational College course of 4 years. Graduate School Chinese Snapshots; Chinese Boys and Girls; . of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Armenians and Syrians; Mexicans in the legiate and advanced degre~s. Two United States; The Orientals in America; year collegiate training course. In- Children of the City. and others.

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Please mention TH$ MISSIONARY Rtvlltw OF TH~ WORl,D in writing to advertisers A Special Offer Life and Works of Arthur T. Pierson By special arrangement we are able to make the following offer to subscribers of the REVIEW. Those who know Dr. Pierson and his books need not be told of the unique value of his works-the stimulus. interest, information and practical value contained in them. The books are mines of information and rich treasure houses-the result ot fifty years of study and experience.

The Life of Arthur T. Pierson written by his son Delavan L. Pierson Dr. J. H. Jowett says of this life story:- "The story of • noble ministry. filled with fervent devotion and strenuous endea.vor from el'd to end. Dr. Pierson had the gift of a. consecra.ted ingenuity. He was a. llkililul fisherman in the waters of life. His record is 301.0 the story of a great Bible student. The passion for Biblical .tudy eEl·me to him "ery early. and the lervor of it never grew cool. Mr. Pierson gives us the privilege 01 looking into his father's workshop, and we see the Bible student at his hest. The biography is well done. It gives us a U,il1g ma.n-Do man whose work will long abide, and whose memory remains fragrant among all bis flie:nds."

The book gives the ,eeret of Dr. Pier,on', success as a Bible student-a preacher-a pastor-an editor and a missionary crusader. Dr. Pierson filled some of the largest and most important pulpit, in America and in England. He had remarkable experiences in spiritual growth and power, in answered prayer. He travelled widely and came into close personal contact with the outstanding leaders of his day. This life-story is one of absorbing interest and unusual value. If you have not read it, do so without delay. Regular price $1.65 (postpaid.). Special price to REVIEW Subscribers (postpaid) $1.20 – Have You Read These Books By Dr. Pierson?

THE LIFE OF GEO. MULLER. Thepatriarch of Ohrist. These messages will stimulate preachof Bristol. Few lives have had a greater influence ers of today to new Vitality. They are BihlicaJ. n the past 100 years than that of George Muller spiritual, practical, powerful. Regular price $1.37 "Vhose work of faith is known all over the world. – (postpaid). Our price $1.10 (p"stpald). "'us authorized biogra.phy re"eals the secret of his power as SBen in his letters and diary. Regular THE ACTS OF THE HOL Y SPIRIT. An price $1.65 (postp~..id). Our special price $1.25 unusua I exposition of the Book of the Acts. This (postpaid). will be especia.lly valuable to teachers and preach- ers who plan to tollow the Sunday School lessons THE CRISIS OF MISSIONS. A book that has in The Acts. These studies throw new light on made many missionarieE'. It tells the wonderful the Book. Regular price 85e (postpaid). Our story of the call of God through the events of his- Special price 63c (postpaid). tory. Paper edition rfgular price 45c (postpaid). Our special price 35c (pcstpaid). MANY INFALLIBLE PROOFS. This is one of the most widely used and successful of any of the SEVEN YEARS IN SIERRA LEONE. The story many volume~ giving the arguments for the truth of.the wonderful work of God through the minis- of the Christian Religion. It shows the facts try of W. A. B. Johnson quite as remarkable as about prophecy, miracles, personal experience and the story of John G. Paton. Regular price $1.12 the character and work of Jesus Ohrist. Those (postpaid). Special price S2c (postpaid). dealing with doubt9rB or young people with un- formed faith will find this book of great value. THE HEART OF THE GOSPEL. Burning mess- Published originally at $1.10 (postpaid). Our ages that re'eal the secret of power in the Gospel Special Price SSe (pcstpaid). -..

If you have not read th£se books ftccept this special offer and seDd for them Dew. T~s also an oppcr1unity for church libraries, tnissionary socleties and Sunday Schools.

R. H. Howland 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention TH. MrSSIONAllY R.l(vliw OIt 'tHIt WOR["P in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY PERSONALS fuv. SAMUEl, M. ZWEMER, D. D., of Cairo, sailed for England August 16. After spending two weeks in England in the interests of the Nile Mission Pre.ss he will proceed to Cairo to resume his work in the Cairo Mission and Theological Seminary. Dr. Zwemer has spent fifteen months in the United States in response to a call from "the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

DR. PAUl, HAIUUSON of Arabia writes For my sermons, I use that he has recently taken a second jour- the large, bold type. ney to Riadh, Central Arabia, and found Then by "Just turning a friendly spirit among the people. The Bedouins are in the throes of a tremen- the knob" the &~ dous revival of orthodox Mohammedan- t"l1>e' 11 ,.e.a.~~ ~o,. …… ism. They come to the mis.sionary for medicine, but afterwards would not recog- ~,.~a.~e. co,.,.e,~o~~e~clI. nize the "infidel" doctor on the street. 6, SundAY School not'ces.

REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., Secretary of the American Board, and his party have arrived safely in Japan.

DR. GEORGE C. RAYNOLDS, veteran medi- "Many Typewriters In One" cal missionary of Van, Turkey, is at present living in California, and has recently made a short speaking tour through the southern part of that state.

MISS MARY J. CAMPBEl,l" author of Would you. like to know wh'll the Multiplex Hamrnnud is so popular with "The Power House at Pathankot" is the ALL claues of people' ".,.e ca.n tell national temperance organizer for all In- you in /011.7 words: dia. Miss Campbell has been a missionary of the United .Presbyterian Church Becaullft of its lreraatiHty! for thirty-three years, and the Indian Government, recognizing the imporlance The 11 ulttplbX H ammon.oJ does everyof her temperance work, has awarded her thing any other typewriter will do, the Kaisar-i-Hind medal. and buide,<" if you "Just tum the BISHOP JOHN M. MOORE, of the Metho- knob" you can chan~tI (rom one style dist Episcopal Church, South, has gone to or type, or from one Jangua.g'fi, to an- Rio de Janeiro, where he will be OCC't- other. Note the abo,"e specimon pied with Episcopal duties until the end (s1Jghtly rool1(,oo) all wTiU8n on U~. of the year. He will return to the United States to take part in the Commis- SAME machine. sion on the Unification of Methodism. No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. MISS VAN SOMMER, founder of the Egypt General Mission and of the Nile No matter who Mission Press, has opened a book shop in you Ire. what you Jerusalem which will eventually be are, or where you stocked with Hebrew and other books for ….e, the Multiplex the increasing Jewish population, in 'l. Mi- Hammond Is the tion to a full supply of books in Arabic wrltln~ m&chlne for Moslem readers. for YOU. M&U the coupon ! 0 r MR. CHARLES V. VICKREY, Executive Cree tolder Secretary of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, has gone to Also a PORTABLE Model Armenia and Syria with four other mem- Full capacity. Weight about 11 pound•. Continued on page xii Ask tor lIP,,,;,,, (old.,… Mailed free.

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THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 East 69d~ St., New York City. Please send free Fold…- to: Name Add~ ________________________ Occupatioo _______________________ Please JDtntion THJ; MISSIONARY R.(vu:w 01' ~HJt WORLD in writing to advertisers OldBi hi es Continued from page xi Re-Bound bers of the organization to make a special Haven't you often wanted that old survey of both relief and reconstruction Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all work. its associations and sentiment ? You have wondered where you could have Tm: RT. REv. BISHOP WESTCOTT of the work done, and perhaps you have Chota Nagpur has been appointed to sucthought the price would be high. ceed the late Bishop Lefroy as Metropoli- tan of the Anglican Church in India. You can have your Bibles and Hymn Bishop Vestcott is President of the Na- Books re-bound inexpensively and tional Missionary Council of India, and well-Ieatner or doth, as you prefer. is therefore familiar with the problems of the Christian Church in India. Send me your Bible by parcel post insured-} will send you an estimate of MR. S. H. Gr.ADSTONE:, treasurer of the the cost subject to your approval be- Conference of Missionary Societies of Great Britain, vice-president of the fore the work ;s done. If this estimate Church Missionary Society and member of the Central Board of Missions, has is not satisfactory, I will return your been elected President of' the London Bible without charge. Jews' Society.

R. H.HOWLAND BISHOP WII,LIAM F. ANDE:RSON of the 156 Fifth Ave., New York Methodist Episcopal Church has been in attendance at the Denmark Conference. the first time since the outbreak of the war when an American Bishop has visited any of the Scandinavian Conferences.

Rev. Wn,LIAM RE:~n'RY HUNT, F. R. G. S.. missionary to China for thirty years. has been decorated by the Chinese Gov- ernment and by the Chinese Red Cross Society for his services in relieving fa- mine suffering.

American Motherhood DR. TASUKU HARADA of Kyoto, Japan, former president of the Doshisha, the For Every Home in the Land leading Christian institution of his coun- try, is taking a year of rest and travel, and has made a brief visit to the United States.

Recognized Authority on REV. BRENTON T. BADLE:Y, who has for two years been representing India in the The MOTHER Methodist Centenary, has returned to In- The CHILD and dia as executive secretary of the Centen- The HOME ary Movement for India and Burnr!, with headquarters at Lucknow. $1.25 per Year BISHOP FRANK W. WARNE:, who has With Mi••ionary Review, $3.15 been in America for the past fifteen months, has left to hold Conferences of THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Nortl, India, Bengal and the Philippine Islands. Cooper.town, N. Y. MR. N. W. TILAK, Indian Christian patriot and poet, died at Bombay on May 9th,. 1919. Mr. Tilak spent several years of his early life wandering from one part of India to another studying religions, and in 1895 publicly declared his ac- ceptance of Christianity. From that time he has continued to teach Christianity by pen and speech.

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About Little Folks in Japan. Edited class anything less than the by E. B. Chappell, D. D. 40 pp. supernatural, your Sunday-school Smith and Lamar, Nashville. 1918. work will be a failure. For this Boys and Girls of an Island Empire. Prepared by Lucy Foreman. Edited reason The Sunday School Times by E. B. Chappell, D. D. 48 pp. offers you every week, Smith and Lamar, Nashville. 1918. -a supernatural Bible: a book which in The Opportunity for Religion. By every syllable is God's very Word: God- Harry F. Ward. 12'0. 66 pp. 60c. breathed, unique, authoritative, infallible. New York: The Woman's Press. 1919. -a supernatural Christ: a Saviour who Social and Religious Life of Italians in is God, supernaturally born of a virgin, America. By Enrico C. Sartorio. 147 working miracles of love and omnipotence, pp. $1.00. Christopher Publishing dying as our Substitute, His body mir- House, Boston. 1919. aculously raised from the dead, able to save to the uttermost, and coming back Christianizing Christendom. By S. L. to reign OVer His earth. Morris. 206 pp. 12mo. Richmond: Presbyterian Committee of Publica- -a supernatural Life for every believer, tion. 1919. Christ· Hhnself liYing iu victory in you: winning others to Himself through you Standing By: War-time reflections in 2nd making your service for Him a thrill- France and Flanders. Robert Keable. ing adventure of testimony and results. 12mo. 271 pp. $2.00 net. E. P. Dut- ton & Co., New York. With all this, the Sunday School Times also offers you fte most success- The Napoleon of the Pacific: Kame. ful methods of natural efficiency in hameha the Great. By Herbert H. Sunday-~chooI and church work; a corps of a dozen trained ~pecialists Gowen, F. R. G. S. 8vo. IlIus. 326 writing for you every week on the pp. $2.00 net. Fleming H. Revell International Improved Uniform Les- sons, and so many other remarkable Co., New York. 1919. features that it will take a whole series of advertisements to tell about them. Helps for Students of History: The Study of Colonial History. By A. P. Watch-but don't wait-for these Newton, M. A. Pamphlet. 46 pp. 20e. coming adverti,ements: there is no need of going another week without London: Society for Promoting all that this Bible-study-and-teaching- Christian Knowledge. 1919. and – Christian – service journal will bring into your life. You can get Ministers of Mercy. By James H. acquainted for a quarter with Franklin. Illus. 239 pp. 12mo. Cloth, 75c; paper, SOc. Missionary Education Movement. 1919.

The Spread of Christianity in the Mod. ern World. By Edward Caldwell Moore. 12mo. 352 pp. $2.00 net. University of Chicago Press. 1919.

The Adventurous Arab; Four Mission· ary Lessons for the Sunday School. 8 pp. 4d. net. Edinburgh: U. F. C.

Mission Study Council. 1919. .

The Jew Throughout the Ages; Tableaux Thousands of persons are saying, and Dialogue. By Amy Steedman. 16 pp. 6d. net. Edinburgh: U. F. C. with real joy, "Why didn't I learn ". c~.. Mission Study Council. 1919. about· this paper before?" Village Evangelization. No.3. Edited by H. D. Griswold, D. D. 44 pp. My- Will you give yourself- ",,< "," THE sore: Wesleyan Mission Press. 1918. and your friends- SUNDAY Palestine of the Jews. Past, Present this experience o'f>- and Future. By Norman Bentwich. as quickly sa ~'" -ll0 SCHOOL TIMES 288 pp. 6s. net. London: Paul Ke- possible? gan. '1918. o~.</ COMPANY The Consuming Fire. By Harris E. or; 1031 Walnut St., Phila. Kirk. 183 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Company, New York. .;,,<:>1(; For the 25 cents encIo~ o.~ Why We Fail as Christians. By Rob- please send the Snnday School ert Hunter. 180 pp. $1.60. The Mae- millan Company, New York. 1918. …..",,(I Times for 10 weeks to ••c,. N'etre O~ Addre~~s~_________________________ Please mention THJt MISS]ONAllY ~VIlCW OJ' i'Hlt WORLD in lPri.ting to advertisers A Campaign to Educate One Hundred Russian Converted Students at the Russian Bible and Educational Institute during the 1919-1920 School Year Come that they had decided to support one of the students during the next School Year. over Needless to say, this offer has given us and much JOY and encouragement, being the first towards the support of a student for next help W: ~ea~an~~dh:~di~inllij~h'sOfex~:ri;~t:~~. dal:~ us hope and pray that the unselfish and sacrificial spirit of these three Scotch sisters will be We desire to bring over from Franc~ from just a forerunner of a great cloud and mighty 30 to 50 Russian converted war pnsoners. showers of blessing. Through the reading of God's Word an.d the preaching of the Gospel to them by therr A few days after the visit of the Scotch fellow prisoners, who were believers bef~re. sisters, a Russian Chr.istian lady came to see many Russian war prisoners were saved dUrI!lg us in Philadelphia. Since her conversion all their imprisonment in Germany and AustrIa. her life has been one of sacrifice and service. A number of them have made their· way to As she heard of our plan to support the France and now there is a possibility of Russian students, she earnestly said: "May I bringing them over and placing them in our take one?" So thus far two of the hundred are already provided for-Ebenezer! And a SC~h~~e are also a number of Russians con- member of our Board of Directors. has alsO' signified his intention of provid.in~ for a verted in our M:ss:on Stations in the United States who should be trained for the .Lord's ~~~~~~:sh7~ ~~~niir!, dth~esn ~~el~o a~di~:s ~~~ an all to our Hfriendly interest" list.. waf:' costs $250 b? support a student for..the By the second week in September of whole year. includmg board, room and tuttton. the squares should be filled up. We earnestly Can we count on you for the support of one, ho-pe that we shall not be compelled to close two, three or four students? Perhaps some friend will take five, another ten. Last year the door of our School to anyone who loves. two dear Christian friends of our work. a the Lord and wants to be equipped for a husband and wife, took 20 students to sup- more useful ministry. port. A liberally inclined and mIssion-zealous Not only individuals, but Churches, Sunday prominent minister, to meet the pledge of the Schools and Young People~s Societies can also husband, took Ul)on' hi.mself the support of te.n more. Are there any this year who will go be interested in this plan. A noble example and do likewise? If your heart is stirred to of this was given last year by the Galilee do so kindly sign your' name and adrlress on Baptist Church, of Denver, Colo., which, under the opposite page of the "Missionary Review." Each square represents one student. The the able leadership of Rev. Joshua Gravett. pledges can be paId any time during the the Pastor, supported several students during Schoo! Year. last year.

The squares marked "taken" represent sup.. There will be a number of readers who will port already promised. The beginning has find it impossible to support one student. already been made. It happened in this way: They should not lose interest on that account.. as the gifts of la, 20, 50 or even 100 people th~~er~o~f: gh~i;tl~~ ~~:te~:ty Thfp.vP1!~1telr~: could be grouped together into the support of a student. There may be others who .can dear old Scotland. Wbile in Glasgow, con.. organize in groups of 2, 3, 5 and more, tonected· with Pastor Findlay's Miss.on, one take upon themselves the support of a evening they heard Pastor Feder speak on student. We should like e"l"ery one of the Russia. Ever since that time th.eir hearts readers of "The Missionary Review of the have been drawn out towards that needy land. WorldH to do someth~ng towards the training Reading in the May issue of "The Fdend of of missionaries for Russla during our next Russia9' the appeal to help the poor Russian year. people with warm garments or otherwise, two of the sisters walked into our office and All those who cannot subscribe the full handed us a donaf.on of $15. and expressed amount of $250 are requested to strike out their desire to send a trunk of clothing to that amount in the square on the sheet and the poor people in Russia. put down the amount that they are able and· inclined to give. As we sat down in the office and talked about the things of the Lord, one of the The pledges and payments for students' ~l:sten said that they had been present at the support should be sent to Mr. G. Percy Fox, Bethany Presbyterian Church at the close of the School Year. where they heard the Rus- Treasurer. Russian Bible Institute. 1820 Spring. sian students sing and play, and where an Garden Street, Philadelphia, Pa, appeal was made for friends to take upon themselves the support of some students during REMARKS BY THE DONOR. the next year. The ihree sisters thought and prayed about the matter, and now told us Please mention THE: MISSIONARY REVI~W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1914

XO.l THE WORI.n: FIELDS OF THE AJTEIUCAX BAPTIST FORE1GX )TISsroX

Clues to the Contents THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD, AUGUST, 1914 SOlVIE QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. lVI. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

1. Vhat astonishing petition did the Japanese spies hear in the prayer-meeting?

2. In some homes in the Orient labels from match-boxes are used to decorate the walls. What interesting work has been started as a result of a knowledge of this fact?

:). In what historic gathering were the "interviews of Heaven" said to be anticipated?

4. Where were forty-eight pistols recently taken from those who were going to attend a Christian Endeavor meeting?

5. When the missionary shoots his pistol at the paper, what is said to happen to the one who signed it?

6. What was hidden between the leaves of the old Buddhist books? 7. Vhy die! the municipal council refuse to obey the orders to repair the crucifix? 8. Why does a Japanese congregation hold their Sunday morning service at five o'clock? 9. What became of "the two greatest rogues in the Japanese student body"? IO. How did the Indian chief tell the superintendent that the Gov- ernment could strengthen its influence over the people? I!. What African king has his own motor-car? 12. For what purpose did the African chief say that Goel had raised him up? 13. Why should dolls sent to the Orient never be drest in white? 14. What Christian customs have been imitated by modern Con- fucianists ? IS. What special danger confronts the Christians in Papua? 16. Among the Karens, what is the proportion of native Christian workers to foreign missionaries? 17. In what community, a few years ago almost entirely unevan- gelized, did 6,000 people recently attend a communion service in rainy weather? 18. How many pupils attend the girls' high-school in Uganda? 19. When the Japanese refused to rent or sell, how did the Chris- tians in Omi obtain their corner lot? 20. When was a meeting for women broken up by a man with a LM whip? _m~~1 a>:: ~" ~ :.<"1"'~ 11 n ~ ::e 'r,J,a, ' =-J""-r.. rI (.."…). I ;~a. , . . Nortb lC"pe ;':.;.' >z- ~.

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Vol. XXVII, No.8 Vol. XXXVII, No.8 HE Old Series AUGUST, 1914 JI SIGNS FTHETIMES I THE TIME TO FAVOR ZION "Let us unite in one bond of union" : 1St. That our testimony may win NEVER has there been in history Israel with a message of love for so momentous and universal a Christ, and may awaken the Church to movement among Christian Jews as her extraordinary privileges and opthe present united effort to win their portunities at this crisis in Israel's brethren to Christ. A true conscious- history. ness has been awakened, and the converted Jew is no more relying on out- 2nd. To protect the Church. The side aid, not even on the Gentile Hebrew Christian has never before Christian Church, but they feel that been so awakened to his duty to prothis consummation must come from tect the Church from "the little foxes among themselves. that spoil the vines."

Never in history have the Jews so A Hebrew Christian Alliance of mixed themselves among the nations, America has been formed after mawith a complete desire for annihila- ture, prayerful thought and confertion of their peculiarities and national ence. In order to make the work claims, as at present. While many effectual they have called as secreleaders who have given their lives to tary, Rev. A. R. Kuldell, to give his aid Israel proclaim that assimilation whole time to this work. Mr. Kulis the only remedy, yet there are dell is a Hebrew Christian, who has more Jews reading the Scriptures been a pastor for more than twentythan ever before. Even Jewish five years in one congregation. He women have been awakened to seek will visit his Hebrew Christian breththe'Lord in His own Word. ren in an effort to bring them to- gether and to infuse enthusiasm for During the past eight months, united testimony and service. throughout the United States, the cry among the Hebrew Christians is: The Alliance has decided to hold The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW) but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDlTORS.

a conference in N ew York near the ern civilization and education, many of end of next April, to elect officers these Jews are naturally leaving the tra- and adopt a constitution and by-laws. ditions and customs of their fathers, as they themselves admit; many are In the meantime brethren will work Zionists; still more are becoming avowed to bind all America in one bond of enemies of Christianity, owing to the prayer. awful persecutions they or their breth- ren suffered from the hands of so-called Vhile this has been going on in Christians in Europe. America, similar movements have Ve, therefore, plead that each church been taking place in Europe, as was should place the cause of missions to wonderfully manifested at the ninth the Jews in their midst, as a part of International Jewish Missionary Con- their aggressive missionary propaganda. ference, at Hamburg, Germany (June 3rd to 5th). Prof. Herman L. This, and other resolutions, will be Strack, D.D., LL.D., of Berlin Uni- forwarded to the moderators and versity, was president, and there were leaders of the different communions, delegates representing 26 different but the Church of Christ as a whole countries and 43 different Christian I11USt assist the work with their sym- pathetic prayers-then the consum- Jewish mIsSlOnary socIetIes. The mation will be a reality. We believe whole conference was practically de- that a new era is dawning for Chrisvoted to two purposes: tian work among the Jews.

I st. Cooperation, which means not RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN SPAIN only the unifying of missions, but the uniting of brethren. All the dele- W HEN the Christian Endeavor- gates present pledged themselves to ers of Barcelona secured the carry out the resolutions adopted. lise of the Palacio de Bellas Artes, the largest and finest hall in the city, 2nd. A study of the Jews them- accommodating more than four selves, where they congregate in thousand people, for meetings during largest numbers. Therefore, the Jews the recent visit of Dr. and Mrs. in America and the Jews in Russia Francis E. Clark to their city, they received most attention. aroused the wrath of the Carlists, the extreme Catholic party. The arch- With regard to the United States, bishop tried to forbid the meeting, the following resolution should be and the Governor of Catalonia pondered by every Christian. begged the Mayor to rescind his per- mission, but he would not yield. The ninth International Jewish Missionary Conference, Hamburg, June, Then the Catholic party threatened 1914, sends greetings to the whole evan- a serious riot, and the Mayor called gelical Church of Christ in America. out all the police and civic guards, more than five hundred men, mount- Convinced of the urgent need to bring ed and unmounted, to guard all. the the gospel to the Jews in America in a approaches to the hall. Every susmore effective way than hitherto, we picious character was searched at the have resolved to bring to your earnest, door, and forty-eight pistols were prayerful consideration, the following, taken away from scores who were and thus to urge you on into definite, not allowed to enter. sympathetic activity. The hall was crowded with more No other country in the worlel receives so many Jews to its s'lores, through the annual inflow of immigration, as America.

Through coming in contact with west-

OF THE

than four thousand Endeavorers and to appreciate. They can be judged their sympathizers, and many more only by their fruits, and their fruits stood throughout the exercises, which usually lie hidden until the roots were concluded without interruption. which nourish them have had time It was the largest and most notable to strike deep into the soil. The class Protestant meeting ever held 111 in which revival is 1110st unmistak- Spain, for, until recently, Protes- able is that of the educated young tants have been obliged to worship men. It is said that of the students in obscure places, and the law has at the Ecole Nannale Superieure forbidden them to have a church door about a third are Roman Catholics, opening on an important street. while as many more are "spiritual- istes," with a craving for supernatural After the meeting, an unexploded belief of some kind, and the rest are bomb was found in the hall, and active or passive unbelievers. There while the meeting was going on, an is plenty of evidence that the moveattempt was made to burn down a ment extends to other bodies of the Protestant church in another part of youthful "intellectuels." the city. In some quarters the causes of the The Mayor and Chief of Police change passing over French society did everything to protect the Protes- are attributed to fashion, in others tants, and sent a squad of police and to the fear of social convulsions. plain-clothes men to escort Dr. and Whether the present religious re- Mrs. Clark to their lodgings at the vival in France will expand and de- American Girls' College, some five velop no man can foretell, but there miles from the hall. seems to be a genuine recoil from the flood of skepticism which threatened Since the meeting, the papers all to kill some of the deepest and the over Spain have been full of the in- noblest instincts that are imbedded in cident; the republican papers de- human nature. nouncing the intolerance of the Roman Catholic party, and applauding Another interesting feature of the the Mayor and the police, while the religious work in France is the tent Carlist papers threaten worse things evangelism carried on by Pastor Rufor the Protestants. ben Saillens and a group of evan- gelical Christians called Les Amis du Excitement has been intense in Christ, in Paris. The audiences, tho many places, and it is hoped that the sometimes composed of noisy eleincident will promote religious free- ments, have exhibited a deep ililterest. dom, or, at least, a larger tolerance. More than 500 asked for prayer dur- ing last summer's campaign, and 180 AN AWAKENING IN FRANCE confest Christ, most of them former Romanists. The workers say that SIGNS of a religious revival in the people of Paris seem at present very accessible to the Gospel. They France are referred to in the are tired of atheism, and have little London Times, the editor of which confidence in the Roman Church. says that there is a revival, both in Among Pastor SaiIlens' helpers has Roman Catholicism and among men of other views. Religious and moral movements are in a state of transition, and are difficult to gauge and

been Senator Reveillaud, a gifted The United States Ambassador to lawyer and politician, whose whole Turkey, Mr. Morgenthau, presided, heart is in the people's evangeliza- and delivered an address, and Arme- tion. nians, Bulgarians, and Greeks also IA RELIGIOUS CRISIS IN IRELAND took part. The minister of educa- RRESPECTIVE of the political tion represented the Sultan, while unrest in Ireland, due to the pas- local government officials, represensage of the Home Rule Bill, there is tatives of the civil and ecclesiastical a great religious crisis impending. bodies and members of the foreign This is the opinion exprest by the diplomatic corps were present. The Rev. William Corkey, a minister in five buildings dedicated form a semi- Belfast, who says that it is solely circle on a hill-top, overlooking the on the ground of religious fears that village of Arnautkeuy and the Bos- the Protestants of Ulster County are porus. The campus of fifty-four so determined in their opposition to acres was acquired in 1908, and the the Home Rule Bill, and the con- construction of the buildings was sequent Romish domination of the begun in I9IO. Among the contribu- country. The early settlers of Ul- tors was Mrs. Helen Gould Shepard, ster were Huguenots, Covenanters, who donated $200,000 for .the con- and soldiers from the Netherlands, struction of Gould Hall, the main and their modern descendants will administration building; Miss Olivia • not easily give up their religious in- Phelps Stokes gave, for the erection dependence. "You can not blot the of the refectory, known as Mitchell history of the past out of the memory Hall, and Mrs. Russell Sage, for the of the Evangelical Christians of Ul- construction of Russell Sage Hall, a ster. These people are the children dormitory. The two remam1l1g of men and women who suffered bit- buildings are the School of Education terly in the past, and who do not Hall and the general academic buildwish to return under the Church of ing. During the forty years since Rome." the school began, the attitude of the Ottoman Government toward the edu- AEDUCATION FOR GIRLS IN TURKEY cation of girls has entirely changed. NEV era in the higher educa- tion of women in the Near East Dr. Mary Mills Patrick, the presiwas marked on June 3rd by the dedi- dent of the college, has been decorated cation of the five new buildings on by the Sultan with the order of Shethe property of Constantinople Col- fakat, in recognition of her services to lege for Women, on the European higher education for women of the shore of the Bosporus. This has Near East. Dr. Patrick also received been made possible through the lib- the honorary degree of Doctor of erality of Americans, and the gift to Laws from Smith College. In our Turkish youth is of incalculable October number we plan to publish an value. The institution has been illustrated article written by Dr. Patmoved from across the Bosporus, at Scutari, and the buildings have rick, on the Constantinople College and been erected at a cost of $750,000. the Education of Women in Turkey.

UNITED EVANGELISM IN CONSTAN- growing sentiment in Germany, T TINOPLE which the Kaiser has done much to HE missionary forces on the for- promote, against the use of intoxi- eign field are not only uniting for cants, and in Russia the Czar is conference and for division of terri- making an effort to reduce. if not to tory, but for aggressive evangelism. end, the consumption of liquor. The In Constantinople, the evangelical first attempt to pass a new law has forces have determined to make a not been successful, but the public systematic effort to make the city are learning the facts. The Rus- feel the power of the Gospel of sian people spent $45,000,000 more Christ. Accordingly, a Constantino- on vodka (their national whisky) ple Evangelistic Committee has been last year than the year before, and organized, composed of three repre- $250,000,000 more than they did ten sentatives from each of the native years ago. This is sufficiently arrest- Evangelical churches in the city and ing to have awakened the Russian of three representatives from the Government, which has a monopoly Constantinople station. The pastors of the sale of liquor. In addition to of these churches and the treasurer regulations previously made, the ad- of the mission are ex-officio members ministration also desires to reduce of this committee; the other members the output of vodka; to increase the are elected for one year by their re- penalties for' illicit selling; not to spective institutions. The duties of recognize drunkenness in extenuathis committee, says the Orient, are tion of crime; and to teach the peo- to take general charge of the mis- ple the advantage of temperance sionary work of the city, leaving the through the medium of churches and outstation work of the station to the schools. Constantinople Conference. This committee will be ready to cooperate One educational scheme is the plan in any city missionary work that of the Russian minister of ways and communications, to fit up a large seeks its cooperation; it will attempt railway car with exhibits and charts to increase the funds available for showing the results of alcoholism. such work; and it will try to or- These exhibits are being taken ganize new work as opportunity and throughout northern Russia by a lecfunds will permit. The committee turer. and several assistants, the plan will hold regular bi-monthly meetings, being to sidetrack the car at prinand, later, it is hoped that some plan cipal towns, and give illustrated lecmay be devised for a united evan- tures on the drink evil to the railway gelistic campaign to be conducted un- employees.

A der its auspices or in connection withCONTINUED POWER IN AFRICA other similar organizations. NOTHER communion season in THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT IN the Presbyterian Mission at Elat, RUSSIA West Africa, shows the power of the Gospel. A missionary, Rev. Fred T HE temperance movement is gain- Hope, writes that in some ways it ing ground, not only in America, was not as large as usual, for all but in Europe as well. There is a morning it rained, as it can in the

tropics. "That cut down the crowd, AN AWAKENING ON THE NILE for only a little over 6,000 people were here. Yet there were three o NE of the most difficult mission overflow meetings held, and, really, fields of Africa has been the the 6,000 was about as many country of the Upper Nile, North of as could be handled. Three days pre- Uganda. Here live the Nilotic-speakparatory metings were held, two ser- ing tribes-a people divided into invices a day, while Mr. Dager and the dependent communities, more or less elders were busy examining candi- antagonistic to each other. For twelve dates for church-membership. One years the Church Missionary Society hundred and ninety-three were re- has been endeavoring to work among ceived and baptized into the church. these tribes, but the task has seemed Sixteen others were taken in by let- almost hopeless. Recently, however, ter, and 34 children were baptized. a remarkable awakening has occurred This brings the membership of the in Kavirondo (see picture on the church up toward one thousand. cover). This comes as a result of the patient years of labor by the pioneer An important movement is also missionaries, and following the minisreported from the Western ·Sudan, try of Bishop Willis, of Uganda. where two years ago a whole tribe For eight years past a native Evan- (the Yegbas), with their king at gelist from Uganda has been working their head, abandoned idolatry. Since among the Lango tribe-a people of then they have built their own church- fine physique and strong personality. es, and the British officials report Mrs. A. B. Fisher writes of a visit, an extraordinary change in the life one year ago, when the people crowdof the people. The Sudan Interior ed together to hear the gospel. There Mission is working among them in was an impressive mass of dark Northern Nigeria. brown-skinned natives, without cloth- ing or ornaments, and the unintelli- Note also: "In nine months the gent faces made the preaching seem Presbyterian Mission on the Kasai almost hopeless. This year, however, received 64 delegations of na- Mrs. Fisher writes that Dora, the tives asking for Christian instruc- chief, has received baptism. The little tion. They· have come from a radius mission church is now too small to of 500 kilometers, and represent a hold the crowds who come, and many population of 120,000. The king of show a wonderful knowledge of the the Bakuba, one of the most intelli- Bible. Another blow has been struck gent of the Kongo peoples, is urging at Fetishism, and the gospel has taken his followers to attend religious ser- root in a new tribe of dark-skinned vices, anel to send their children to A fricans. Other chiefs are asking for school." baptism, and other tribes are crowd- ing to hear the good tidings. In- Again: The Rev. Alfred Stonelake quirers and students are multiplying. reports that on a recent tour among The dawn has broken; pray fQr the the Basengele of the Lake Districts day. of the Kongo he examined and accepted candidates for baptism III 23 villages.

MEMORIAL BUILDINGS, RANGOON BAPTIST COLLEGE

A Contribution to Christian lVlissions ONE HUNDRED YEARS IN THE WORK OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY BY REV. THOMAS s. BARBOUR, D.D.

Foreign Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. 1899·1912 HE General Convention East," and paced the floor III un- controllable excitement; the second, IITI for Foreign Missions that of the arrival in Boston of a of American Baptists vessel from British India with let- was constituted at ters through which Baptist leaders Philadelphia, May 21, 1814. The occasion learned that Mr. and Mrs. Jndson was given unique interest by the fact that the work of the first mission- had become virtually representatives aries of the new organization had be- of American Baptists in the Far East. gun many months before. Two earlier days are memorable in the The Beginnings story of the birth of this movementthe first, that on which Adoniram Like the American Board of Com- Judson, a student at Andover Sem- mISSIOners for Foreign Missions, inary, read I3uchanan's "Star in the constituted four years before the meeting in Philadelphia, the Baptist Convention was linked in its origin

A GROUP OF HEATHEN KACHINS, BURMA with the group of young men was steadily growing. The corre- at Andover whose minds "were spondence maintained by a number imprest with the duty of personally of Baptist leaders with William attempting a mission" to the non- Carey ensured this. A significant Christian world. The later work, manifestation of this development like the earlier movement, was the was seen in the city in which the product of forces long active in the young men of Andover were set life of American churches. From apart for their life-work. A few an early time Baptist churches had days after the memorable service in been characterized by evangelistic the Salem Tabernacle, there was zeal, and in the increasing interest constituted in the Baptist Church of in which at the beginning of the' Salem the "Bible Translation and nineteenth century the Western Foreign Mission Society," the first world was reflecting. the glow of the known organization in America esmissionary awakening in England, tablished by a single local church for they had prominently shared. With promoting the work of foreign mismost, if not all, of the interdenomi- sIOns. national organizations constituted at this time for work in the home fields, It was thus to a body in which Baptists were identified. A note- the beginnings of a true missionary worthy illustration of this is afforded fervor had appeared that the sumin the fact that, in the founding in mons to active enlistment in the 1800 of the "Boston Female Society great enterprise came suddenly from for Missionary Purposes"-the first the forefront of the conflict. Yet woman's society known in the his- the influence of the change of contory of the country-the originator viction reached by Mr. and Mrs. Judand seven others in the total member- son and by Luther Rice, with the ship of fourteen were connected with resulting change in their denominathe Baptist churches of Boston. And tional relations, was very powerful in distinctively foreign work, among in promoting the action taken by Baptists as in other bodies, interest Baptists. "Your letter awakened pro-

A CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN MISSIONS s6g

A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN KACHINS, BAPTIST MISSION SCHOOL, BURMA found emotion," Rev. Daniel Sharp The churches thus united with the writes to Mr. Judson. "We considered growing missionary enterprise were it the voice of God." So a Southern a less prominent body than that repleader, Rev. Dr. W. B. Johnson of resented four years before in the Savannah, Georgia, in informing his constitution of the American Board. constituency of the proposed con- Its numerical strength of about vention in Philadelphia, having re- 180,000 ·was for the most part of referred to the signs appearing in Eng- cent development. Thirty years before land of a new Messianic era, and this time, at the close of the War to the action taken in America, "to of the Revolution, Baptists numth~ immortal honor of our Congre- bered but 35,000; at the beginning gational and Presbyterian brethren." of the war, there were but twelve adds: "That our brethren of these Baptist churches in Massachusetts. denominations should not be alone Yet the meeting in Philadelphia was in this great work, God, in the truly memorable. For this delegated arrangement of infinite wisdom, has company of twenty-six ministers and been pleased to bring some of their seven laymen was gathered out of a missionaries over to the Baptist per- territory extending from northern suasion." New England through the State of Georgia. The great distances, the The incident was of large influence primitive modes of travel, had also in the internal development of seemed at first a truly formidthe body of American Baptists. For able difficulty. But the significance the first time they met in a national of the occasion was powerful in its fellowship. Indeed, this drawing to- appeal-the united response to the gether of churches widely scattered, Lord's command-the meeting of independent, and acutely apprehen- brethren hitherto known to each sive of the loss of independency other by name alone. "It was as if through development of organic ties, the interviews of heaven had been may be regarded as one of the most anticipated," the Missionary Maganotable of the early results of the missionary awakening.

zine said in its report of the meet- In 1872, the distinctive work· of ing. Baptist women in foreign missions was initiated. Separate organiza- The delegates to the convention at tions were maintained for a time in 1-'hiladelphia were appointed by local the eastern and western sections of the country. A new era of far- reaching activities has now been en- tered upon by the united body.

In 1908, in the organization of the Northern Baptist Convention, the work of the Foreign Mission So- ciety, together with that of other missionary organizations, was brought into close relation with the churches and formally recognized as represent- ing an obligation of their entire mem- bership.

In 1909, the missionary work of the Free Baptist churches was united with that of the larger body of Northern Baptists.

JOHN E. CLOUGH, APOSTLE TO THE TELUGUS The Fields Occ:upied missionary organizations established The work in foreign lands was mainly through the labors of Luther begun in Burma, where Mr. and Rice. The organization thus con- Mrs. Judson had landed, July 13, stituted was known popularly as "The Triennial Convention." The name "The American Baptist Missionary Union" was adopted in 1846, to be succeeded in its turn, in 19IO, by the name "The American Baptist Foreign Mission Society."

Historic:al Landmarks WILLIAM ASHMORE" APOSTLE TO THE CHINESE Certain dates are landmarks m the history of the society.

In 1846, as a result of influences then pervasive in the country, Southern Baptists separated from the society and began an independent work, which has proved of continually mcreasing extent and influence.

A CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN

1813. This country had attracted service by this country to the world's the attention of Mr. Judson in his civilization which it would be diffifirst thought of missionary work. cult to overestimate. Rut on the arrival of the missionary party in India, hostile conditions in Work for the American Indians Burma had seemed to compel the was entered upon by the Convention choice of another field, and it was in 1817. It embraced tribes in the only through extraordinary providen- State of New York and on the westtial circumstances, resulting in a con- ern frontier, but reached its largest development among tribes in' the DR. CATHERINE MABIE HOLDING A BABIES' CLINIC, BANZA MANTEKE, BELGIAN KONGO v;rtion of divine leading which never South. With the Cherokees of left them, that the two young missionaries passed beyond the protec- North Carolina and Georgia a: retion of European governments tInder the rule of a despotic and cruel markable SUccess was r.ealized" which king. "Our sole encouragement to continued even in the long journey remain," wrote Mrs. Judson, "is in to the Indian Territory to which this our conviction of dependence in a people were compelled to remove in peculiar way on the interposing hand r838. One hundred and seventy of providence." The strategic posi- converts made Christian profession tion of Burma has been recognized during this journey. In the new terfrom the beginning by missionary ritory a prosperous work was .conand official. Its great river consti- ducted for the Cherokees and other tutes the most direct highway to tribes. This work, in 1865, was Western China and the territories transferred to the American· Baptist lying still farther in the interior of Home Mission Society, by which or- Asia, and gives promise of an ultimate ganization it has been continued with very gratifying results The peculiar claim .of Africa re-

ceived early recognition. This work rule at the close of the first Burman in its origin was connected with an war was extended to Assam, Mr. interesting movement among freed- and Mrs. Nathan Brown, with a men in Virginia. In 1820 a station companion missionary under appointwas opened in the Sierra Leone sec- ment as a printer, removed from tion of West Africa; this was soon Burma, and, dragged in native boats removed to Monrovia, where a against the swift current, made the precious offering of heroic lives was two months' journey up the Brahmade. The fatal climate compelled maputra. The work in Assam withdrawal from this work soon presses close upon the boundaries of after 1840. In 1884, in response to Tibet and gains· importance both A BAPTIST CHAPEL AT ONGOLE, SOUTH INDIA a proposition received from Dr. H. from the sturdy character of the Grattan Guinness of London, the peoples reached and from its relawork of the Livingstone Inland Mis- tion to neighboring parts of Asia, sion, in the Kongo region, was taken whose millions offer a field for future over by the society. Its mission- service by Christian converts. aries, with others, were prominent in the movement for relief of the In the same year, 1835, a work Kongo people from the heartless op- was opened among the Telugus of pression of King Leopold, and the southeastern India, and American improved conditions now reached Baptists were brought thus into parin the Belgian Kongo are in part at- ticipation in the great conflict with tributable to their courage and the Hindu faith. Of a population of fidelify. twenty miIIions of Telugus, eight millions are in the immediate field of A work in Siam, largely directed the society. to the Chinese immigrant population, was entered upon in 1833. The work of Free Baptist churches, while quite independent of the work In r835, by invitation of the Brit- of the Triennial Convention, began ish East India Government, whose ir. British India in the same year in

A CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

which the mission to the Telugus recognition of changing conditions was opened. This work has been ill the country and conviction of the conducted in the densely populated importance of early occupation of district southwest from Calcutta in advantageous positions. Two misthe Bengal and Orissa provinces. sionaries were supported for a few The character of the population in years by young men of Minnethis stronghold of Hinduism and sota; in 18<)3 a strong reinforce- Mohammedanism has made the ser- ment was sent by the society to this vice one of peculiar difficulties, but field. Favor toward this work was vvhile thus unavoidably restricted in heightened by recognition of a pur- FOUR BOYS RECENICY BAPTIZED AT BALASOr:E ORPHANAGE, BENGAL-ORISSA MISS'[oN results for a time, the work has pre- [,ose in view at the time of the opensented strong features and is rich ing of work in Assam-that of enin promise. trance to China through its western provinces. As a connecting link be- Four fields have been occupied in tween the eastern work and the far China. Two of these were entered western field, a station was estabat the time of the opening of five khed in 1895 at Hanyang, in Central port cities after the first war with China, a city which, with the neigh- England. A mission in Southern boring cities of Hankow and Wu- China, opened in Hongkong in 1842 chang, constitutes a great center of and afterward transferred to Swatow, population and industries. was an extension of work in the dialect used by the Chinese in Siam. In Japan a beginning was made in Ningpo in Eastern China was occu- 1872. A feature of this work of pied in 1843. In 1889 a work was exceptional interest is that conducted entered upon in the great Szchuen by a mission vessel among the islands province in the far west of China. of the Inland Sea and the Goto This step was taken as a result of Jslands. Those familiar with the

plans followed in this work and with The number of missionaries and the steady advancement which has church-members by countries is: characterized it, confidently anticipate for it, in the not distant future, re- Mission- Church sults to which the history of mis- aries. Members. "ions offers few parallels. Burma …………….. 191 65,912 The responsibility laid upon Ameri- Assam …………….. 66 13,317 can churches in the acquisition of South India ………… 1213 66,826 the Philippine Islands by the Ameri- Bengal-Orissa …. . . . . . . 5 1,621 can Government was recognized by ~"g~§ the society in 1900 by the establish- China ……………… 139 ment of a mission in the central Japan ……………… 58 4,506 or Visayan group of islands. Belgian Kongo … . . . . . . 47 3,831 Philippine Islands……. 29 In addition to the missions among non-Christian peoples, the society [Not in active service, 33] has conducted an extended cooperative work in many countries of con- The membership of B apt i s t tinental Europe. In this work con- churches in Europe resulting fro111 cern for the spread of a vital, spiritual work in which the society has co- Christianity was reinforced by sym- operated is: Germany, 42,930; Swepathy for those engaged in the con- den, 54,268; Finland, 3,190; Denflict for religious liberty. The work mark, 4,196; Norway, 3,599; France was opened in France in 1832, and (including parts of Belgium and in Germany in 1834. From these Switzerland), 2,123; Spain, 64. In centers it has extended, in the one Russia 28,900 members are concase into Belgium, Switzerland and nected with the Russian Baptist Spain; in the other into well-nigh all Union, which represents in the main countries of northern Europe. A Germans and other immigrant p('owork was begun in Greece in· 1836, pIes, while native Russians organized soon after its achievement of national in Baptist churches are believed to be independence; but like other Protes- much in excess of these figures. The tant work entered upon at this time, total Baptist membership in Europe, it was fatally impeded by the opposi- exclusive of the pure Russian tion of the established ecclesiastical churches, is r39,270. order to the principles of religious liberty as formulated in the national Financial contributions for the constitution. first three years of the history of the Convention were in excess of Statistics $10,000 annually. Through various causes the total of contributions de- The results reported at the close clined for a time and an advance of 1913 for the work in non-Chris- was not reached until a little before tian lands are as follows: r830. In 1834 donations were $23,- 941.20. In 1844, $63,062.29. In 1864, the Jubilee Year, $109,519.74. In 1874, $26r,530.90. In 1894, $465,- 943.73. In r904, $738,585.02. In 1912, $1,150 ,474-47.

Mission stations….. . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Characteristics and Ideals Missionaries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 An outstanding feature of the his- Organized churches ………… 1,575 tory of the organization has been Church members …………… 166,330 its work among primitive peoples Native workers ……………. 6,106 Native contributions (1913) ….. $160,253

A CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

'and among classes socially deprest. sides the people for whom it was 'The choice of Burma, a country originally designed, has included the ,with a great commingling of races, Karens, the Talaings, the Shans,. the as the original field of effort Kachins, the Chins and, during remade this development practically cent years, the Lahu and Wa races. inevitable, and the tendency was It includes also a work for the immiconfirmed through the entrance grant Telugus and Tamils, the Chiupon work In Assam. Of the nese and English-speaking peoples. mountain region forming the con- In Assam, work has been conducted necting territory of the two coun- for the Garos, the Rabhas. the Nagas, YATES HALL OF THE SHANGHAI BAPTIST COLLEGE tries a leading ethnologist writes: the Mikirs, the Abors and Miris, in "Few of the wilder parts of the addition to the work for the Asworld possess so vast a variety of samese and for the immigrants from savage tribes of so great ethnological Central India who form the laboring interest. Scattered detachments population of the tea-garden disfrom China, India, Tibet and tricts. Thus the work in these Burma have developed into innumer- oldest fields of the society has inable tribes differing widely in ap- cluded labors in the most isolated pearance, customs, language, but al! sections of Asia, perpetuating all the alike engaged in bloodthirsty feuds, romance and calling for all the head-hunting, and murderous raids." physical heroism of the earliest Through this call of the wild, rein- periods of, the missionary enterprise. forced by a series of remarkable providences, the work in Burma, be- In Southern India circumstances equally controlling resulted 111 a

large development of work among missionary annals. The record has a· people of the lowest social posi- been continued by notable revival tion. When the prejudices of the movements in the Kongo mission, caste peoples forced· upon the mis- among the Visayans, and, later, among sionary a choice between loss of the Lahu and Wa races in the Kengtheir patronage and rejection of out- tung State, Burma, and adjoining caste converts he was true to his districts of China, where -it is trust. believed that 10,000 persons have sincerely embraced the Christian These labors among humble peo- ASHMORE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, SWATOW, CHINA pIes have been identified with some faith. And other proofs of the. of the most extraordinary results power of the Gospel have appeared witnessed in mISSIonary history. among the aboriginal and lowly peo- There have been great ingatherings. ples, in the renewal of individual The remarkable movement among lives and the transforming of civilithe 'Karens of Burma, which began zations. Indeed, the work for the during the lifetime of Dr. Judson, lower classes of India is promiswas followed in 1877, and subse- ing to solve the baffling problem of quently, by ingatherings from the the spiritual. conquest of the land Telugus recognized as constituting one which has seemed so hopelessly of the most remarkable triumphs in bound in the fetters of Hinduism.

A CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

VINTON MEMORIAL HALL, RANGOON, BURMA Already the surprizing results wit- Bishop of Madras that it is the de- sign of providence that India shall nessed among the outcastes are prov- be regenerated from the bottom up- ward. ing a: disintegrating force among the A foremost characteristic of the . caste peoples. Missionaries of the work of the society is apparent in society concur fully in the conviction exprest so strongly by the English

even the most cursory view of its resolution thus shown are expressiv. history. In a preeminent degree the of the inmost spirit of the missionary work has been that of evangelization bcdy. A profound conviction of the by direct preaching of the Gospel. indispensableness of personal regene- Mr..Tudson, when deeply engaged in ration as the condition of all true adthe work of translation of the Scrip- vancement for individuals· and peotures, writes in r829 to the Mission ples, of the possibility of this ex- Rooms : "We beg still to be allowed perience for every human' soul, and to feel that our great work is to of the promise of the direct working preach the Gospel viva voce." Of of the Spirit of God in connection seven "Resolutions" which he wrote with the preaching of the Word has SOME OF THE WASEDA DORMITORY BOYS, TOKYO, JAPAN III r837, the fourth reads, "Embrace been the basis of this representative every opportunity to preach the practise. Gospel to every soul," and the seventh, "Preach the Gospel every This central ideal determined the day." The history of one hundred early characteristics of the work. years has no more representative The missionaries mingled with the scene than that of John E. Clough IJeople. MUltiplying of stations making his way, soon after his ar- rather than a large development of rival in India, to a public place in work at single centers found favor. Madras and· repeating over and over Personal conversation, way sid e the single verse of Scripture which preaching, tours in the jungle, were he had mastered in the Telugu habitual features. Confidence in the tongue, "God so loved the world that power of the Gospel to reach the He gave His only begotten Son." old as well as the young was strong. The definiteness of aim and the fixt "The first profession of the religion of Jesus," President WaylalJd wrote

A CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

in commenting upon Dr. Judson's ill some Instances, been maintained fidelity to this ideal, "must of neces- for a time, after the manner of the sity expose the disciple to obloquy Israelites of old, this has been and persecution. No one can sup- recognized as temporary; local pose it to be the will of God that churches bearing full responsibilthese are first to be borne by little ity of administration and work, with children." no human authority above them, have been fundamental factors in Stress was laid very definitely the policy observed. Stewardship in upon mIssIon work as germinal THE UNION HOS.PITAL AT ILOILO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS rather than comprehensive and com- the use of money and the importance plete. It was a planting of the acorn, of development of self-support have "the egg of forests." While the been strongly emphasized. Recogni- Gospel holds within itself the potency tion of this obligation appeared, in and promise of every form of social an almost unexampled degree, among and national good, these were the Karens; almost from the beginthought of as later products, to be ning a great section of this people realized in the development of re- have maintained worship without generated peoples. pecuniary assistance. Recent statis- tics show a ratio of native workers Emphasis has been constant upon to missionaries of eight to one, and early establishment of the local a ratio of native workers to ordained church as the idivinely appointed missionaries of twenty-one to one. agency for Christian nurture and development of efficiency in Christian A gratifying development of misservice. While under extraordinary sionary activities by the native conditions of large ingathering re- churches has been seen partiCUlarly sort to a single place of worship has, in the older fields. Home and for-

eign missionary organizations have evangelization, and their aim has been oeen constituted. The Karen mainly that of development of the churches support missionary workers Christian community. in remote districts of Burma and in Siam. The Telugu Christians sus- Elementary and intermediate edutain a work in _Natal, A f rica; two cation have had marked attention, of their number have gone as mis- particularly in the more western sionaries to this land. The new fields. In Japan and the Philippine development of self-reliance in the Islands the presence of a public school system has modified this de- CAPTAIN BICKEL AND WORKERS ON THE "FUKUIN MARU," INLAND SEA, JAPAN native Christian bodies, which is ap- velopment, and in China, until repearing so strongly at the present cently, the number of converts was time, is hailed by representative mis- small and development of schools sionaries as the fulfilment of ideals was correspondingly restricted. In cherished in all true missionary work British India, elementary school from the beginning. work-the type of education to which the Government is now giving so Educational Work conspicuous attention – has been widely extended in the work of the The ideals cherished in respect to society. Schools for girls have been the central aim and method of mis- favored for all fields and are now sions were certain to affect plans in showing a flourishing development. educational work. These ideals, at an early time, led to disfavor for a The schools have been openly and large use of schools as an agency for strongly Christian; of no other sogaining access to non-Christian peo~ ciety is this ,?ore true. pIes. As a rule, schools have followed rather than preceded the work of Schools for ministerial training

A CONT~IBUTION TO CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

have been upened in all fields. The highly developed educational work in type of work for a time was adapted the supply .of native teachers for the especially to the needs of the common scbools so rapidly multiplying, it is people. But, while retaining this seeking to cooperate strongly with ideal, a number of the schools have the general movement by provIsIOn reached now a high intellectual stan- of American teachers and by finannard. cial support of this work. It is rec- ognized that a claim of extraordinary The convictions primarily deter- urgency has developed through the mining the work of the society were sudden overflowing of Western inunfavorable to an early development fluences and Western institutions of institutions of higher education. upon the life of China. Through The absorbing demands created by these conditions, indeed, the work of the extraordinary results which at- THE BAPTIST CHAPEL AND DELL TOWER AT NOWGONG, ASSAM tended the work of evangelism, partic- higher education is brought into diularly in the fields first occupied, rect relation to a permanent universal strengthened this tendency. The be- ~vangelism since diffusion of Chrisginnings of collegiate work appeared tianity through China is largely de- pendent upon the Christianizing of In Burma in 1872, in South India in her schools. And this work, through- out the East, is related obviously to 1894, in China in 1906. Develop- the work now disclosed as belonging ment of this work is now strongly to an adequate discharge of the duty enlisting the attention of the society. of the Christian Church-the full Establishment of a comprehensive Christianizing of non-Christian lands educational work is sought in gen- by the transfusion of their life with eral and in the more advanced lands Christian ideals and forces. the maintenance, or joint support, of :t Christian institution of higher edu- The higher educational work of cation for each section of its work. the society is represented by the Ran- In China, while the society can not goon Baptist College, which for compete with organizations with a

many years has conferred incalcu- ern Baptist Board, and, in the Bellable benefits upon the peoples of gian Kongo, a Biblical Training Butma, and by the Shanghai Baptist School is supported jointly by the College, founded jointly by Northern society and by English Baptists.

SAW MILL, ]ARO INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, ]ARO, Educational statistics are: PHlLIPPINE ISLANDS Pupils in colleges, 143. High schools, 8; pupils, 3,676. and Southern Baptists of America in Secondary schools 98; pupils 10,- 1906, and doing already a work of 717. large promise. The society cooper- Primary schools 2,092 ; pupils 57,- ates in the work of Madras Univer- 686. sity in India, and is about to enter Theological and training schools into cooperation with the collegiate 23; pupils 869. work of the Presbyterian and Dutch Total number under instruction Reformed bodies in Tokyo, Japan. In .China, the society is represented 73,091. in the Univetsity of Nanking, and is The opening of the hostel, or one of. four missionary organizations conducting the work of the West dormitory, as a Christian home for Chi.na Union. University at Chengtu, students in Government or private in Szchuen Province. Participation schools, has formed a valued adin the work ·of Canton University is junct of educational work in several in contemplation in South China. of the society's fields. In the Philip- pines and in Japan these in stitu tions The Theological Seminary for have been notably influential in work Karens, which together with a Semi- for both young men and young wonary fgr .Burmans and other races is men. Peculiarly favorable conditions conducted at Insein, Burma, is said bave been enjoyed in Japan, through to b~ the largest institution for minis- the friendliness of the authorities of terial. training in the East. The Waseda University, in which the mis- Telugu Seminary at Ramapatnam is sionary under whose guidance this one of the largest in India. A theo- interest has developed holds an aplogical school in Tokyo, Japan, is con· pointment as a lecturer in the departducted in conjunction with the South- ment of religion.

Other Forma of Work Statistics in medical work are: Missionaries 58, hospitals 27, dis- pensaries 57, patients treated in 1913, In-patients 6,232, Out-patients 94,- 234. The Society cooperates in three of the union medical schools in China.

Industrial work has been main- tained at many stations as a means of partial self-support for pupils. In India the entire service of one missionary has been given to the problem presented in the industrial

A. CQNT~IBUTIQN TO CHRISTIAN

SINCLAIR ORPHANAGE BUNGALOW, FOR GIRLS, AT BALASORE, BENGAL-ORISSA MISSION depression of the people. In the . the Rangoon Press, which, from an Philippine Islands solution of the in- early period, has done a widely in- dustrial problem is sought through fluential work; the Iloilo Press, es- a flourishing school which has won tablished in 1906, and the press at high commenqation from the people Canton, China, strongly developed and from American officials-a school by the Southern Baptists, with whom of industry rather than of tech- the Northern Society is now co- llical training, which by development operating.

of habits of work seeks to meet a A remarkable succession of gifted ft;ndamental need in the islands. men has contributed to a wide lin- From the outset the Press has been guistic work. Languages have been widely utilized. Three printing and caught from the lips of unlettered publishing plants are now maintained; races and reduced to writing. The THE AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS AT RANGOON

Bible has been translated, as a whole death seemed humanly impossible, it or in part, into upward of .thirty would appear that not one member languages and dialects. Thorough- of the mission force' Qas received ness and accuracy have characterized formal enrolment in "the glorious this work in a marked degree, Dr. company of martyrs." Judson's recognized "lust for finishing" having been shared by his suc- If a general characterization of cessors. the work of the Society be sought, it may be said that it has had In general, a review of the his- to do, perhaps in an unusual degree, tory of the society indicates that it with peoples who are yet in the has prized greatly, and has sought making, but who, through their nato enrich, the fellowship maintained tive endowments and their Christian by the brotherhood of missionary or- development, give promise of filling ganizations. It is now widely repre- ultimately a place of large influence in the divine world-plan . It repre- MR. BILLINGTON AND HIS ldONOCYCLE, IN THE sents a great service for the uplift- BELGIAN KONOO icg of deprest classes. It is bearing an important part in the spiritual sented in cooperative work. In all conquest, not only of Hinduism, but new undertakings inquiry is made of Buddhism, to which at the outset habitually, in the interest of economy, it laid siege in a central stronghold, efficiency and fraternity, as to the In its work in the farther East it practicability of conducting the work has laid a sound substructure and jointly with other bodies. has secured a vantage ground for a strong cooperation in the use of all It may be noted as a singular fact agencies through which the triumph that the annals of the society show of Christianity is to be achieved. no record of martyrdom through violence. While the early history pre- The past reveals much that is insents a story of suffering and perils spiring to the constituency of this almost unexampled in their severity organization as it is observing its and duration; and while, in later centenary. Opportunities of illimityears, representatives of the society able reach invite. With a devoted have been brought repeatedly into and confident body of missionary positions in which escape from workers, with increasing emphasis at home upon the missionary obliga- tion as binding upon the entire church, with a strong body charged with the task of missionary adminis- tration, and with reminders in which no other organization can have sur- passed them, that all success is con- ditioned upon recognition of depend- ence upon Almighty God, the North- ern Baptists of America should make a genuine and ever-enlarging contribution to the spread of the Gospel through all the earth.

Religious Confusion in

BY NG POON CHEW, LITT.D.) SAN FRANUSCO Editor of the Chung Sa; Yat Po N China things are the money." The tone of the olel man's voice indicated a sense of mI pretty well mixed up despair and disapproval, for to him at the present time. this loss of faith in the religious This is shown both by ideas of our fathers was an indica- the political and the tion of the decadence of the time religious sit u a t ion which sooner or later would bring throughout the whole land, but I de- ruin to the social structure of the sire to draw especial attention to land. the religious confusion, its cause and the effect upon the future of my In the interior I have seen a group country and people. of Chinese, who were not Christians at all, ridiculing a number of their The present situation can not be countrymen who were performing better illustrated than by an incident heathen religious rites. This abanthat occurred during my last visit to donment of the observances of our my native village: In the fall of fathers is almost universal among 19IO, after a continuous absence of the young, who are gradually driftthirty years in America, I returned ing away from all religious restraint to visit the village of my birth. I and influences. expected to see great changes, but was not prepared for such a radical There are several causes that have transformation. In 1879, when I led to this situation: First, the spread last worshiped in the temple which of, Christianity throughout the land: housed the patron god of that dis- second, the contact with Western trict, it was crowded to the doors; civilization; third, the gradual growth now I found it deserted save for the of independent thinking among the temple keeper, who happened to be people. a relative of mine. He said to me, "The time has changed wonderfully The Spread of Christianity since you were a boy here; then everybody worshiped at this temple, In recent years the spread of the but now none come except the old gospel of Jesus Christ has been truly men and the old women, and they remarkable. To a great extent the visit the temple stealthily, to worship truth that makes us free is permeatas tho they are ashamed. Only a ing Chinese society. Chinese evanfrw weeks ago, the elders of the dis- gelists and pastors have gone into the trict gathered here and discust the highways and byways throughout the feasibility of changing this temple great provinces of China, and in seainto a modern school. They did not son and out of season have preached succeed, only because they had not the gospel of religious emancipatirn to the masses of the Chinese people.

The effect of their labor is making fer no people can endure and be pros- itself felt in the present religious up- perous in such a state of spiritual heaval. Ignorance is fleeing from chaos. The intelligent Chinese are the approach of intelligence, and conscious of the danger and are striv- snperstition from the advance of ing to avert it. But the methods truth as darkness disappears before adopted are varied and conflicting, so the rising sun. that the dissension arising from the As the Chinese and the Vesterners controversy over a national religion mingle in constant assocIatIOn is causing much discord.

through travel, trading, and social An enlightened faction of the con- intercourse, the views of the Chinese servative element of Chinese desire in many directions have undergone a to establish Confucianism as the great transformation. They have state religion, in order to preserve the become imbued with some of the moral and spiritual life of the peo- spirit of the West and are now re- ple by the ethical teaching of the garding the religious observances of sage. This effort is espoused by a tbeir fathers as mere superstition. few leaders of the ole! school, and is In recent years many of our people ~,pproved by a large majority of the have obtained their education in the less enlightened Confucianists.

schools established by the mission- Among the leaders in this move- aries and from the modern schools mt:nt are such well-known scholars e~tablished by the Chinese them- of the old school as Kang Yu-wei, selves. Many young men and young Liang Chi-cho, Chen H uan-chang, all women also have gone to the West- Cantonese, who were reared amid ern lands, and on their return have Confucian environment, educated in diffused the knowledge obtained Confucian ethics, and whose whole tl1 roughout the whole country. Thus being is tinted with Confucian the modern ideas have been spread thought. Therefore they are Con- in the forms of new schools, news- fucianists through and through and papers, lectures, new books, tele- to them the establishment of Con- graph, railroads, and other forms of fucianism as the State religion is es- modern civilization. The result has sential to the safety of tlle State and been that independent thought, which the preservati0n of Chinese civiliza- "was wanting in our people, ha~ been tion. These people have seen during ,:.roused, and as this increases. super- the last few years 'the tendency stition loses its strength, and old re- among the yOl1ng to cut loose from ligious ideas fade. the religious influences and restraints The political upheaval has at last of their fathers; to disregard rules shaken to the foundations not of law and order, and to drift toward only the political and social con- radical socialism. They attribute ditions, but also the religious; there- this to the decline of Confucian fore, to-day in my country confusion teaching and not to the powerlessness and the religious atmosphere is of the teaching of the sage to avert shrouded in the clouds of spiritual such confusion. "

chaos. Through the personal influence of This is not a healthy condition, these leaders, a strong movement was

started some time ago toward the Committee on Constitution to insert establishment of Confucianism by the in the new constitution of the Chi- State to help maintain law and order nese RepUblic this clause: "That in the land. Before the second revo- Confucianism shall be the National lution, which was a movement to religion of China, but religious lib- drive Yuan Shih-kai from power, the erty is still guaranteed to all."

leaders were men of more progres- Through the personal desire and sive tendency and enlightened views, direction of these men, branch so- but the failure of the ill-advised at- cieties were organized in different tempt to unseat -the President by parts of the country, and in other force of arms brought forward a parts of the world where Chinese new set of leaders, recruited mostly gather in large numbers, and many from the old school, tho not neces- cables and telegrams were sent to the sarily reactionary. The officials now committee urging the adoption of the in power are, therefore, under the in- clause of declaring Confucianism the fluence of such men as Kang Yu-wei, Kational religion in the Constitution.

Liang Chi-cho, and Chen-Huen- Meanwhile, a counter movement is chang. Kang Yu-wei, tho not oc- developing t9 resist the idea of a cupying an official position, is the National religion. This was started teacher of Liang Chi-cho, the Minis- by the Christian Chines~, both ter of the Board of Justice in Pe- Protestants and Catholics, in Peking, king, and Chen Huen-chang is a and many mass meetings were held pupil of Liang Chi-cho. Thus im- in different parts of the RepUblic, mense influence is being exerted on and Buddhists, Mohammedans, Lama- the Government for the State estab- ists, and a section of liberal-minded lishment of Confucianism. Kang Yu- Confucianists, joined the movement wellS now the president of the N a- against the adoption of the obnoxious tional Confucian Society of China, clause in the Constitution.

which was established a few years Through the united influence of ago by th.e same set of men for the these adherents of the various faiths, revival of Confucian teaching in the the committee wisely rejected the schools. It was because of this same clause which would have brought on pressure that President Yuan Shih-kai serious strife in different parts of i~sued his remarkable edict on the the RepUblic.

virtue and necessity of the ethical Among the Confucianists, the teaching of Confucius. Contrast liberal section does not favor Con- with this edict the Government's ap- fucianism as a State religion, altho peal to the Christian churches of they would like to have the ethical China to set apart April 27, 1913, teachings of the sage taught to the as a day of prayer for the welfare young in the schools. That counter of the Republic of China. faction of the Confucianists not only These Confucian leaders take pains want to have Confucianism estab- to assure those of different faiths lished as the State religion, but they that it is not their intention to enter- also want to establish a Confucian tain any religious bigotry, but rather church for China. In this movement religious toleration. They urged the they have imitated certain customs

connected with Christian churches. never yet satisfied the longing of the They have opened chapels or human soul for something more than churches where they gather to listen human. Man is a threefold beingto the discussion on the teachings of intellectual, moral, and spiritual. the sage, and the singing of hymns Confucianism only supplied the composed for their services. They moral and intellectual needs of the also set a day apart each week for Chinese, and our people have never the observance of Confucian rites. had the taste of spiritual food from the bounty of Confucianism, so that This faction is actuated by two they have been spiritually dead. It motives, namely, jealousy of the was because of the lack of spiritual rapid spread of the Christian faith, teaching in Confucianism that Budand desire to perpetuate the moral dhism and Taoism flourished in teachings of the sage. In its zeal to China. urge the establishment of Confucianism, it fails, however, to realize Confucianism is absolutely unable that Confucianism is of the earth and te' regenerate the Chinese race or to earthly, and that any vitality that kindle the spark of spiritual fire that Confucianism may ever have possest has been dormant so long in the in the past is now extinct, and can breasts of the patient, toiling Chinese. never be resuscitated. Furthermore, Something more than mere moral it does not realize that Confucianism ethical teaching is needed. So that, is not a religion, and was not in- even if the Confucian religion is tended by its founder to be a religion, declared the State religion of China, but that Confucianism is simply an and Confucian churches are estabethical and political system of phil- iished for proclaiming the teachings osophy. Religion teaches not only of the great master of China's past, man's relation to man, but also his the longing and groping after truth relation to God. Confucianism weIl in the human heart can not. be satissupplies the former, but is absolutely jied. silent on the latter. One of Confucius' pupils, who felt keenly the As the activity of the conservative aching void in his mind as to the element, before the fateful day., of life beyond the grave, asked him: [900, in attempting to stamp out the "Master, teach us about death." The spirit of progress and reform through master replied, "Not knowing all the Boxer movement and to preserve about life, how do I know about things Chinese, sealed the fate of death ?" Throughout the whole life conservatism in China. of Confucius he never discust on the extraordinary things nor spiritual Nothing cat). solve the moral amI beings. spiritual chaos in China but the gospel of Jesus Christ. Indeed, even Confucianism is not a religion, and in our political confusion and gloom, therefore its faIlawers, even if they which has so completely enveloped succeed for the time being in having the whole land, nothing can solve it Confucianism declared the State re- but the light from the gospel of ligion, must fail in the end. Con- ] {'SUS Christ. So then, Christ is our fccianism can not satisfy and has cnly hope for the ultimate salvaticn cf China.

Trend "[oward

In Home Missions IlY THE REV. WARD PLATT, D.D., PHILAlJELPllIA Corresponding Secretary of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church BROAD, deep, irre- ary Campaign, which grew out of Home Mission Week, promoted by EAI~ sistibl~ current i s sweepmg Protestant the Home Mission Council.* The American forces into a gigantic cooperative overtures made to this Council by campaign of mission- representatives of the Foreign Boards ary education and advance. The resulted in the appointment of a censtreams which feed this river are re-· tral joint committee, which has syscent. The first rill started from a tematized the general task of misslope on Lake George little more sionary education and has insured a than a decade ago. There an older definite part of the year to the camman "saw visions" and a few paigns for home and foreign misyounger men "dreamed dreams." sions. One objective for the present Thus was born the Young People's year is the rounding up of delinquent !VI issionary Movement-the first churches in an every-member canvass systematic effort on the part of for the denominational benevolent American Missionary Boards in con- boards, with payments on a weekly structive cooperation. While in this basis. they barely touched corners, and that through the young life of the Preparatory rallies and concerted Church, it was the first visible link gatherings have been held in some in the golden chain which God is hundreds of places. The most amforging for the uniting of all holy bitious effort was the centering of agencies to His eternal purpose which Protestant leaders upon Philadelphia He hath purposed in the earth. for two weeks (January 18-31). The whole city was so districted that not Some years before the Silver Bay only was the message sounded from meetings, an organized conference the various pulpits, but churches were had been formed among American so grouped as to gather the laity into Foreign Missionary Boards, and more institutes for preliminary training for recently the Home Mission Council the coming canvass. Noonday meet; brought together some thirty home ings were also maintained, with naboards. The Laymen's Missionary tional speakers, in a central down- Movement has also reenforced mis- town theater. The possibilities of sionary education. SI) large a venture are such an arrest of public attention and such impact The latest expression of the one- on the churches through a mass ness of the world task of American Protestantism is the United Mission- * See the story of this campaign in THE M,s- t;10NARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for December, 1913.

movement and the publicity given by ment in cooperation is the work of the press as to arouse the indifferent the "Neglected Fields Survey Com- and to open the way for more mittee" of the Home Missions Coun- productive efforts by separate de- cil. About two years ago this repre- nominations. sentative committee traveled together Broad statesmanship is seen in through some fifteen Western States.

another feature of the united move- By pre-arrangement they met in a ment. A committee of twenty-eight one-day's conference the Protestant has been formed with representatives missionary leaders of each State.

from the conference of Foreign Mis- There was a frank exchange of views sion Boards, the Home Missions concerning neglected fields, agencies Council, the Federation of Women's at work, conditions of success, over- Boards of Foreign Missions, and the churched centers, and missionary ap- Council of Women for Home Mis- propnatlOns. A movement was be- sions. This committee has agreed gun for state-wide comity under local upon a common theme, "The Social guidance. Also each State undertook Force of Christian Missions," to be a canvass by. school districts, making kept before united Protestantism dur- the returns to the Council in New ing the coming year, and home and York on a standardized blank. A foreign text-books have been pre- vast amount of voluntary service was pared. given to this effort, and while the re- The Home Mission Survey turns are far from complete, bulle- tins based on this information have These unified movements suggest already been published on Oregon, the wider trend, which does not blur South Dakota, Colorado, California, denominational lines and programs, and western Washington.

but rather brings them to a cutting Last January the committee re- edge. Take, for example, the larger visited those States where most movement as exprest by the Home progress has been made. The points Missions Council. Here we find, selected were Huron, South Dakota; within a quadrennium, a most com- Jamestown, North Dakota; Helena, prehensive and masterly analysis of Montana; Portland, Oregon; Salt the home field. The Protestant pro- Lake City, Utah; and Denver, Colo- gram for the Indian has been unified. rado. The aim of these visits was ]ts Immigration Committee has se- twofold-to observe the advance cured a man to make an investiga- made in the broad comity plans grow- tion of conditions at our twenty ports ing out of the earlier visitation, as of entry. While denominational well as to reenforce the workers with activity is in no case curtailed, the a constructive program of advance.

Council has further made the work Each meeting covered two days of of its Immigration Committee ef- three sessions, and the subjects dis- fective by aIlotting to the several de- cust were such problems as immi- nominations for investigation such grants studied by nationalities, the unchurched foreign peoples as are country church, church finance, a pro- now unshepherded. gram of State-wide comity, and the Possibly the most striking experi- spiritual quickening of the churches.

• THE TREND TOWARD COOPERAnON 59

These discussions were introduced by Possibly the most significant fact specialists, and no attempt was made might be termed a by-product of to popularize the sessions as they these two trips, namely, that the sec- were intended for the men responsi- retaries of leading boards, traveling ble for general State movements. in continuous fellowship and con- sultation for seven weeks, have been The advance made during the two welded thereby into a closer acquaint- years, especially in comity, was ance than the secretaries of the sev- marked. The various field men had eral boards of anyone denomination. become better acquainted and are in If the same process might take place most cases working in a fellowship among all the secretaries- of the be- advantageous to the several boards nevolent boards of a denomination' and to the Kingdom. the millennium would be hastened.

One bane to be averted is the field The Spirit of God finds in our in- man who is bent on making a record. terdenominational life a larger vehicle A slogan of the gathering was, uNo of expression than can be possible t'wo boards spending m~sswnary in more organic union, That diverse money in the same community." The life by cooperation is making more neglected fields vastly outnumber efficient the working program of each .those where there is unwise duplica- denominational board. One can not tion of effort. Voluntary State com- afford to blind his eyes to the provi- missions in which most denomina- dential indications in these vast in- 'tions are represented are getting terdenominational movements. All rapid and wholesome control of er- home boards are being borne in a ratic movements. Union or federated single movement toward a common churches are not in favor, and where goal. This fact holds the chief op- elimination occurs it is with the pur- portunities for our several boards. pose that what remains shall be un- Team work by board secretaries of der denominational control. various denominations more than hints at team work by home boards The meeting in Utah was worth for the country church as well as the entire trip. State workers there toward an adequate program for our have formed an alliance which, while American cities, This is our way to it in no way lessens denominational- win. vVhy should there not be de- ism will mightily increase the nominational team work of all poards efficiency of Protestantism in its im- in a world campaign so planned as pact on Mormonism. This provides to leave no human being un- for not only a careful training of shepherded? The broader ,spiritual workers in an annual institute, but ir..terpretation of the present Fnited also incites to closer fellowship. :Missionary Campaign is pro:.pheti:. It suggests an answer to the prayer While the trip was a strenuous of Him who commands all detach- one, yet the members of the deputa- ments of this militant host, "That tion were unanimous that the results, they all may be one, that the world both of this visit and those visible may believe that Thou hast sent Me." from the one of two years ago, were j ruitful beyond all expectation. The whole atmosphere has changed.

and the

BY FRANCISCO ROSTAN, GENOA, ITALY ~T HE great changes that far too small for the growing con- have taken place in gregation, but the new building can the religious life and accommodate from 1,200 to 1,500 sentiment of Italy are worshipers, and on the day of dedi- 1110st clearly seen when cation it was full to overflowing with we compare the pres- church-members and friends from ent time with the conditions sixty the principal towns of Italy. years ago. We have seen great things, and our hearts are glad. Be- Friends and foes have said: "The fore the year 1848, the Waldensian work of evangelization does not Christians were not allowed to step prosper more in Italy because your out from their narrow valleys; they chapels, your church buildings, are were not allowed to ~nter an Italian too naked, too simple for the artistic university; they could not be raised taste of the Italians. Improve the to the rank of officer in the Italian decorations of your auditoriums and army; they were nobody. Now they you will see that the people will come recently completed a magnificent to listen to the preaching in larger church in a square of Rome which numbers." The interior of the bears the name ot Count Cavour. church in Piazza Cavour has met This was the great statesman who that demand-it is pleasing to the proclaimed the maxim: "A free eye and inclines the hearts of the Church in a free State." A few people to meditate and to adore God. steps from the church is the Ponte The church is institutional, and be- Sant' Angelo, where Pastor Gian side the main auditorium there is Luigi Pascale was burnt at the a large hall for lectures during the stake by Pope Caraffa, on the six- week; three rooms for the soldiers of teenth of September, 1560. Not far the neighboring barracks where they away is also the Vatican Palace, can read, write and play. On the where so many edicts against the peo- second floor there are several rooms ple of God have been framed and where women wiII be taught sewing, issued. dressmaking and embroidery, and there is a room for surgical first- The fine, new Waldensian church aid. in Rome is the gift of Mrs. John Stewart Kennedy of New York, who In a word, beside the preaching of erected it to the memory of her the pure Gospel, a great social work father, the late Cornelius Baker. will be going on all the time. The The Waldensian church building at Gospel preached and the Gospel prac- No. 107 Via Nazionale, altho well tised are to be found under the same situated in the heart of Rome, was roof. The Gospel is progressing in Italy.

MC ALL MISSION BOAT, "LA BONNE NOUVELLE," ON THE MIDLAND CANAL, FRAN.CE

The Decaying Churches of France BY REV. HENRI MERLE n'AUBIGNE Correspondent of the McAII Mission in France UNDREDS of beauti- the pitiful state in which the coun- try had been put by the hundredmH ful Romanesque and years' war, deplored "La grande Gothic churches in pitie du Royaume de France." France are slowly but Similarly Barres, the gallant twentieth surely decaying. The century knight, deplores the pitiful rain trickles through state of the French churches. He the roof, blasts of wind blow mentions as typical an incident through the broken windows, the which happened last year at Moulinsjoints of the arches are being les-Noyers, a small town in the deloosened. The day will soon come partment of the Yon'ne, east of when they will collapse and nothing Paris. will remain but ruins. This day has already come for some. The principal sight of this town is what we call in Paris "Un Calvaire." M. Maurice Barres, one of the Most of these "calvaires" consist of most distinguished Frenchmen in a number of stone figures representletters and in politics, has taken' up ing our Lord's crucifixion. The one this question in parliament, and has at Moulins is a wooden crucifix, published a series of articles en- carved by Bridan, a distinguished titled, "La grande pitie des eglises de sculptor of the early eighteenth cen- France." Joan of Are, thinking of

tury. Two years ago it was noticed peal to the supreme court (Conseil that this crucifix was in need of re- d'Etat), and in September last, after pair. The municipal council, every a fight which had lasted twenty member of which is, nominally, at months, the resolution of the Moulins least, a Roman Catholic, refused to council was reversed, and the crucifix spend any money on it. The Cath- has since been repaired. olics of the town gathered nine hundred francs by subscription for the This incident simply shows the proposed restoration, but the council feelings in many towns concerning refused to authorize it. M. Barres religious monuments. Before the was notified of this extraordinary de- separation of Church and State the cision, and at once published in the churches were kept in repair by the daily papers an illustrated article, parish councils, with the help of the which was even reproduced in an municipalities of the State. Now American journal. This publicity there are no more recognized parish had its effect, for in November, 1912, councils, the Pope not having perthe "ministre des beaux arts" decided mitted the formation of "church assoto put the Moulins crucifix on the ciations," such as were proposed by expense list of the public buildings the separation law. Accordingly, that are kept up by the State. Im- neither the towns nor the State are mediately the local council met and responsible for the repair of the passed the following resolution: churches unless they have been classie-that is to say, put on the Considering that the separation law list of public buildings which are to forbids the erection in public places of be kept in repair because of their any monuments or emblems of a re- historical or artistic interest. ligious character; Hundreds of beautiful structures Considering that the demand that in France are going to decay, and the crucifix in question should be re- yet in ninety-nine cases out of a paired comes from the parish priest hundred, they are the only meeting alone, and that the greater part of the places in the towns where they stand. people of the town show no interest in The reason why many wish the the matter, and being of opinion that church to fall to the ground is that the project is perfectly useless; they consider it to be a symbol of religious oppression and are praying Considering that the municipal coun- that the school, in which the name cil, desiring that religious neutrality of God may not be pronounced, may should be observed, can not approve of succeed to the place of moral the proposed restoration (the purpose supremacy. They hate the Roman of which is solely that of religious Church and keep on fighting repropagandism) . ligions of any sort, because they think that in no other way can ec- Circumstances being such, and for clesiasticism be eradicated. the reasons mentioned, the council refuses to approve the dema"nd that the It is essential that something be crucifix be repaired, as well as the done to scatter the illusion in confurther demand that it be put on the sequence of which the people of official list of art. France confuse Christianity and The public monument committee held to its purpose, and made an ap-

DECAYING CHURCHES OF FRANCE

THE NORTHERN SEMEUSE, OR PORTABLE CHAPEL, OF THE MCALL MISSION, FRANCE Romanism and oppose Christianity The power of the Roman Church because they hate Romanism. over some sections in France is still considerable. Most Roman Catholic There was a time when many sup- capitalists, for example, and great posedly intelligent people did not be- landed proprietors, still support the lieve in foreign missions, and declared church and oblige their working-men that it was foolish and even cruel to and tenants to submit to it. disturb the innocence of the charming African savages by preaching the The State Secretary for Public In- Gospel to them. This nonsense has struction has just issued the followlong since been exploded, and the ing figures concerning the primary time has now come when we should schools of France. There are 70,646 put an end to the legend of the sub- public primary schools, with 4,973,- missive flock in France led by its 179 scholars. There are 14,464 parish priest. You may find that private schools, with 1,148,704 legend still in the novels that are scholars. Therefore, the proportion written, but very little of it in actual is five to one. Nearly all the private truth. The fact is, that there is a schools are Roman Catholic, the great breach in all Roman Catholic number of private Protestant, or countries between church and school, secular schools, being insignificant. between reason and submission, be- The Roman Catholics pay more than tween religion and free thought. half the taxes, pay against their w;:: This breach is widest in France, be- in the same proportion for the public cause here it has been in the process secular schools. Beside this, they pay of widening for the past hundred for their own priests' schools. The years or more. Is it not the duty of extreme radicals propose that the those who know the truth that makes latter should be closed and that the free to spread it broadcast? monopoly of teaching should be

given to the State–a course quite gelistic work is generally impossible worthy of Louis XIV., who closed in snch places. Our business is to the Protestant schools and gave the go where the people have broken monopoly to those of the Roman away, or are breaking away, from Catholics. the system which, to-day, represents their only idea of Christianity. Me ALL AUTO-EVANGELIST AT WORK If the ministers of God are to have It is significant that the districts an influence over the people, there where the Roman Church is lowest must be some point of contact benow are precisely those in which the tween them and the people. The Reformation was put down before its present policy of the Vatican will great extension in I 558- I s60-the not help the French churches. The district east of Paris, for example, Pope has dishonored Father Lemire, where the churches are falling to the Qne of the best and most popular ground. The king was too near, and priests in France, the only cleric in supported the Roman Catholic clergy the French Parliament, and has distoo well! On the contrary, the de- missed the three leaders of the partment in which the Roman Cath- "Brethren of St. Vincent de Paul," olic schools are now teaching the the priests who have the greatest great majority of the children, and influence over the people of the where there are one hundred and working class. fifty public schools without any pupils, is the depart de la Loze, in The churches of France need the Cevennes mountains, where there saints-not carved saints-but sanctiwas a tough fight between Protestants fied men and women. Wherever a and Catholics in the sixteenth and Protestant mission is started, the seventeenth centuries, and where lazy, wine-bibbing and gormandizing there are still a dozen small towns old priest, or the young priest who which are largely Protestant. Evan- is "not a saint," but too intimate with the wife of one of his parish- ioners, is immediately sent to the other end of the diocese, and "a saint"-a clever, energetic, earnest priest-put in his stead. Therefore, to "rescue the perishing"- not only the perishing stone churches, but perish- ing souls-we must go from place to place, as Wicklif and Peter Valdo did, plant or moor our movable Bethels, and give a taste of the Gospel truth to the thousands among whom, as the French Catholic author and statesman says, "Catholicism re- mains a stranger that one suffers and rejects." This is the work that is being done by the McAll mission in France.

the Buddhist Priest

·BY KITTlE WOOD KUMARAKULASINGHE, NUWARA ELIYA, CEYLON OT long ago there was temple, rolled them up very small, ENl in Ceylon a boy who had been consecrated and put them between some of the old as a Buddhist priest. Buddhist books, written with a ~. He had been well stylus, on the long leaves of the Palmyra palm. The priest never in- . trained in the tenets tended to look at the tracts again.

of the Buddhist religion, and, in fact, but one day, when he felt very down- he knew nothing else-it filled his hearted because the people could not whole horizon. When a missionary be persuaded to gi ve any more entered that region and established money, he began to feel that the a village school, the Buddhists were Buddhists did not live up to their re- furious. It had not before occurred ligion. Some time before he had to them to establish a school, but taken to the high priest a very good now they opened an opposition book in Buddhist Singhalese, and school, organized a committee, and had asked about it. The high priest subscribed funds for its maintenance. replied: "This is a very good book; The missionary went quietly on with but if you trouble your head about his work, but was able to gather these doctrines you will go mad. No only a few children. After a time man has ever yet been able to live the Buddhists wearied of their sub- up to them, and never will." This scriptions, and the priest, whom they was all the comfort that he received, had made their manager, appealed to and now as he sat meditating alone them to do what they had guaran- by the light of a small lamp, he teed. Some gave a little, but grad- thought, HI will see what these Chris- ually the subscriptions fell off. tians have to say about it." So he In the course of his visits to this, took out one of the tracts from its among his many other stations, the long concealment, and read. Then, missionary occasionally visited the as the first one proved good, he read village, distributing tracts, preaching, another. So he continued until he and conversing with the people, and had read them all.

he never left out the priest and "I would like to see some of their temple, but gave to him as to others. books," was his next thought. But This priest was very courteous, he did not know where their preach- and, altho he did not like to receive ers lived, and was ashamed to in- the tracts, he could not bring himself quire. One day there was a "Pink- to tear up what another had given hama" (festival) at the temple, and to him. But, as he was ashamed to among the people he saw one man be seen with them, as soon as the who did not join in the ceremonies missionary's back was turned, he hid with the others. His curiosity was them under his robe, went into the arouse1, and when the festivities

were over, he went up to the man, the priest determined to leave the and, after the usual questions for temple. It was a bold step to take, opening a conversation: "Where and altho no one in the village knew have you come from?" and "Where his thoughts, he trembled and are you going?" he observed: feared. The minister invited him to come and stay with him. "I saw that you did not join in with the festivities." The priest had no money of his own and no clothes, except his yel- "No; I am a Christian," the man low robe. If he let his thoughts be answered. known the whole viIIage would be up in arms, and he would be detained. "Why, then, have you come to What was he to do? Go he must; this festival?" asked the priest. so with much trembling he put the temple money in an envelope, hid it, "I was traveling with some friends, and left a letter telling where it and as they are Buddhists, and stopt was. Then, leaving the key on the here, I stopt with them. Weare outside of the door, he started for going on to-morrow morning." the railway station.

"Could I ask a favor of you," said "Even while he was musing the fire the priest. burned," and by the time he had reached the mission-school, he was "Yes; what is it?" ready to testify for Christ. Tho "Will you stay with me to-night, he still wore his priestly robes-for in the Bana Sala? (hall of instruc- he had no other dress-he spoke to the tion) I shall be alone, and I have children, many of whom were Budsomething to say to you." dhists. "All right," responded the traveler, who wanted a sleeping place. The news spread through the vil- The two spent the night together, lage, and Buddhists came with stones. and the priest secretly asked where The priest was hurried into the the "padres," especially the native pastor's house, was given plain pastors lived, and where their books clothes, and with a covering over his could be obtained. The traveler gave shaven head he was sent away by the names of six or' seven native train to another minister's house. ministers, all of them far off, and the next morning went on his jour- This man now openly declares ney. himself a Christian, and from Chris- Selecting one of these names (and tian pulpits, but there had to be first GOd certainly guided the selection), a time of waiting and instruction, as our Hamuduruwa ("His Honor," as with Saul. The Gospel was all new a' priest is always called) wrote to to him. To-day he is the pastor of him, and promptly' received an the Singhalese church in one of the answer, with the Book (a New Tes- most difficult Buddhist districts of tament). He carefully hid this and Ceylon. read it in private. Then he wrote again, and after some correspondence

A HEATHEN CONGREGATION LISTENING TO 'IHE GOSPEL IN

Wonderful Progress In Uganda BY THE REV. H. T. C. WEATHERHEAD, M .A., UGANDA ThIlssionary of the Church Missionary Society HE Uganda Mission is to be found in the combined Church IITI still buiks large in the Missionary Society schools in all ~ yision of the mission- China. The baptized Christians in this one district number 12,47I, and ary enthusiasts, and of these 3,000 are communicants. The baptisms during 1912 numbered I,II6, ~ its statistics, even more of whom 837 were adults .

than formerly, show Numbers may mean anything, but they must mean something. Those huge numbers, as compared with are not the numbers for the whole Uganda Mission, but for one district. 1110st other ·missions. For instance, a They are quoted so as to give the 1110st striking impression of the work certain district, staffed by one Euro- to be done, and they are the figures for the best-established district. 'Furpean clergyman and his wife, and two ther out from the center the num- bers of Christians are ·not so great. lady missionaries, is subdivided into But the work facing the missionary is not less, only it is more of'the nature six native pastorates, containing 163 of pioneer work, while further afield churches, with an average Sunday at- tendance of 12,810, and an average attendance on week-days of 2,522 in the various classes· ai1d services.

There is a working staff of 323 to be trained and superintended, and in the district are 49 schools, with a roll 01 8,655~a much larger number than

still the pioneer missionary is en- European point of view. Cotton was gaged in his labor on the language, planted, and was soon found to yield and learning to know the people and rich harvests in certain parts of the gathering the lads into school. Those Protectorate; then coffee was grown numbers give some idea of the prog- successfully nearer the center of ress of the Church in Uganda, and trade and administration. If they serve to show how impossible it is could obtain land, hundreds of Euro- for the missionary, after evangelizing peans would plant in the country. one generation, to pass on to the re- As it is, in one county there are now gions beyond. Look at the figures, over fifty planters, and many more and examine them. There are a are scattered here and there in other goodly number of native clergy, and parts. Kampala has become the the Christians seem all to come to abode of real-estate agents, archichurch on Sundays, and many unbap- tects, trading companies, and the intized as well. But the proportion of evitable "local rag," as the undercommunicants is rather small, espe- graduate at home irreverently names cially for a primitive church into the organ of public opinion. A railwhich so many are baptized as adults, way has been built for forty miles, and, therefore, go on naturally from joining up a port on the lake (called baptism to classes preparatory for Jinja) to the navigable part of the admission to full membership. Do Nile, and tapping a good cotton counwe here lay our finger on the spot try. Another little railway is being giving anxiety? Is there a keenness built joining Kampala with its port to obtain baptism, to be known as six miles distant. Transport is also Christians, but not to go on to take arranged by trading companies, conthe full responsibilities of Christian- necting Europe with the Kongo Free ity? Is there a readiness to go to State via the Uganda Railway and church, but with no great depth of Uganda.. feeling in the worship, or practical response to the sermon? All this means an inpouring of wealth into the country. The In- To those on the field the figures dians, who are numerous as petty only confirm their fears, as well as traders and artizans, carry a good encourage their hopes. The danger deal of wealth out of the country, with so great numbers is plain, and but the Europeans are bringing in if we only exult optimistically over far more. Thousands of workmen them, we shall find disappointment on the estates are regularly receiving ourselves or leave a harder task to their four and more rupees a month, those who follow. At the same time where occasionally they used to work there is no need to wear blue spec- for three. The more educated in tacles any more than rosy. We can technical work or in book work are not fail to see God's working in this finding posts more numerotls than enterprise. they can fill, in which they receive from Rs. IO ($3) to Rs. 25 ($8) a Let us look, then, at the present month; the chiefs are developing their condition of the country, and of the land here and there, and the peasants people, and the work of the Church. in many districts have their plots of The country is being opened, from a

WOC!DERFUL P~{()GH.ESS IN lJGANDA

cotton. Bicycles swarm on the roaus, old tribal control. The thefts are not and a dozen or so motor-cycles ar~ generally by Christians, but the drinkpossest by natives, while the Kabaka ing of native beer· and of whisky, (King of Uganda) has his motor- and the immorality, are indulged 111 car.: by many who wish to appear as Christians, or who feel the force of The testing time, foreseen by the Christian public opinion against them, missionaries for their converts, when and for shame would keep their deeds the railway from the coast was still secret. For the mass of the people, a-btlilding, has come. There is in- PIONEER WORK IN UGANDA-THE ERST SCHOOL IN KAVIRONDO creasing contact with the European the general advance in civilization, and the East Indian, and possibilities as shown in increase of wealth, has of wealth have opened out in vision chiefly emphasized what was before to many who dreamed not of such that the danger of a mass movement. things a very short time ago. Many want a Christian name as a certificate of progress, and press into Among the evil effects are the in- the Church through the baptismal crease of thieving by Baganda; the classes, with no conviction reaching secret drinking of whisky by many down to an awakened spiritual nachiefs and young mcn, who obtain it ture. from traders, altho it is forbidden to sell it to natives; anel increasing lax- Yet we must not expect too much, ity in morals, as the young men and 3.nd while we recognize the danger of girls obtain more freedom from the merely nominal Christianity we hope

that through the land becoming more teaching nothing but that one word, and more Christian in point of num- which, moreover, in the language of bers, it will go forward in the next Uganda is far more vague than it is in generation, if we .strengthen our English. The difficulty is to make such schools and pastoral organization. as that youth see that they are not Two instances recently met with will simply "plucked in exam," but that exhibit this difficulty of the mass we are trying to find some conviction movement. of Christ's message in them.

A clever potter, who makes all the Such is the daily work of all our school pottery, is a man of about district missionaries, and of the naforty. At the exhibition of native in- tive clergy and teachers. That brings dustries held by the Governor, Sir us plainly to the crux: What of the Henry Hesketh Bell, a few years ago, native clergy and teachers, and the few this man gained distinction for his not only "called" but "chosen"? work. About two years ago, now, I There are now thirty-eight native asked him why he did not enter our clergy in the diocese and an army of classes and become a Christian. over two thousand lay agents, men and women, called "teachers," of Lo- "Of course I want to read," he re- cal Certificate, First Certificate, Secplied. "Is there not my neighbor ond Certificate, and Bishop's Certifithere, Yokana (John), and my neigh- cate grades. The clergy have some pobor on the other side, Kezekiya sition, it is true, as "chiefs" in church (Hezekiah), and I only have my organization, but their pay is still name Baitawala (a heathen name)?" Rs. 5 ($r.67) a month, while young men are leaving our schools and The man is clever in his line, and starting with at least Rs. 10. So that. he felt aggrieved that others should there is no great worldly inducement have a certificate of progress which for them to seek Holy Orders. For he had not. Some time later I in- the most part these clergy are kept duced him to attend a class with some busy from morning till night, teachother men rather too old to learn ·to ing and questioning and sitting in read, taught by one of our senior church council. Recently they came scholars, and when I came to ques- together for a fortnight's retreat, tion him for baptism he had a de- coming from all parts of the diocese, lightfully vivid idea of the Gospel some of them traveling over two stories, and after further teaching in hundred miles on foot or on bicycle, the Catechism he was baptized. to Budo School, while the boys were away for their holidays. For that Another youth, of about twenty, fortnight they received solid instrucwho works on the school grounds, has tion in courses of lectures on the Old been too lazy to learn to read. Now he Testament and New Testament and wants to be baptized and goes off to pastoral theology, as adapted to their the village school daily to learn to circumstances, while they were also read, but he finds it difficult. Mean- taught by a native schoolmaster how while I allowed him to attend a class. to do their church accounts. What but when I came to question him I struck one was the readiness to be could get nothing out of him but "One must believe." Of Christ's life he could tell very little, and of his

PROGRESS IN

taught, both in the Scriptures and in come out of heathenism into the the methods of their work, and that Church of Christ; and the questions is no insignificant sign by which to are discust, and many of them raised, judge an African (or any human by the people themselves, altho the being) who has been through classes Europeans, naturally and rightly, and attained some position. Such have still much to do behind the a meeting of workers from the scenes, and a good deal in the actual daughter churches of Uganda, some discussions. Further, the Synod helps of them Baganda and some natives of to keep vivid the extension into the A NATIVE CHRISTIAN COUNCIL OF A DISTRICT IN UGANDA This district is superintended by a natlve clergyman the more recently evangelized coun- surrounding countries. This, indeed, tries, Bunyoro, Toro, Ankole, etc., is a stimulating force which may be emphasized the lesson which is also the good leaven of i mass movement, taught by the annual meeting of the and it is a strong reason for making Synod, which meets again in July. every effort to supply European re- It is the lesson of corporate life and cruits for the Uganda Mission, that work for the advance of the Kingdom the Christians who are zealous for of God-the lesson of the Church. extension, may have the leadership That is a "force which is stimulating and help which is necessary for them, in developing a spirit of righteous- and so both keep the Church of ness of Christian life," .for there are Uganda healthy, and extend their discust practical questions of the ethics very great help to the regions we long of Christianity and their application to evangelize. to these nations whose rulers have Altho there is a good deal of cause

to beware of the drawing of a too taught to read by the church teacher, rosy picture of the Christian Bagan- appointed, apart from the Board of da, since there are grave moral falls Education, for the work of evan- to deal with, yet all Christian work- gelizing the village or district, and ers should certainly be encouraged preparing candidates for baptism.

and not discouraged by "the wonder- Other villages, where there are more ful story of Uganda." I firmly be- children, have lads trained to be lieve that Uganda is a "chosen ves- schoolmasters for a few months at sel" to spread the light to the sur- the district mission station. These rounding nations, and make a great lads are called locally trained pupil- barrier against further spread of teachers, ami many of them go on Mohammedanism. afterward to be trained in the normal The great opportunity, and the ob- school. Larger villages have 1110re vious force to employ, is now un- organized schools under a school- doubtedly education. This does not master, trained at the Normal mean "Europeanizing the native," School. Then at certain mission sta- but, as the Edinburgh Conference tions there are higher grade schools.

put it, "Christianizing the nation." for boys who pay fees of Rs. 12 The inrush of civilization and wealth ($4) a year. These schools are is not all a testing, in the sense of a taught by more highly educated na- temptation to evil; it also means an tives of the country, under the su- awakening of the people, and there pervision of the European mission- are evident powers of growth, which ary.

are only unto death, if misdirected. At some centers the boys are There is a desire for the 'white man's boarded in houses in the village; in knowledge, and it is our business to other cases these schools are being give them Christian education. It made boarding-schools. But in each is all in the hands of the missions, 1110re fully evangelized country in the Anglican and Roman Catholic, to diocese there is a high school. These whom the Government appears to be are at Mengo in Buganda, 'Kamuli glad to leave the task, giving the in Busoga, Hoima in Bunyoro, Ka- Protestant Society £850 per annum barole in Taro, Mharara in Ankole; in grants, a sum for which we are while there are, indeed, similar grateful, but which is very small in schools in the less evangelized dis- proportion to the numbers in our tricts of Bukedi and Kavirondo, schools. Under the Constituted which come under a Board called the Church of Uganda there is elected, to Missionary Board of the Church of be in charge of diocesan education, Uganda. The Mengo High School a Board of Education composed of is more advanced than the others, five European missionaries and four and the fees are now over Rs. 75 ($25) native members, with the Bishop as a year. In the kingdom of Buganda chairman, and at the monthly meet- there is also a high school for girls, ings the amount of business dealt where there are now over eighty pu- with testifies to the coutinual growth pils. D'inally, there is for boys a of educational needs. At many vil- school near the capital, at a place lages the children and adults are called Budo, which is in some sense

PROGRESS IN UGANDA 605·

a college for more advanced educa- only the money can be raised, nor- tion-only, be it remembered, that the mal schools will be built in the East- education is still very elementary. ern and Vestern Provinces of the The fees at this school, called King's Protectorate. The supply, at pres- School, because if i- on the King's ent, is quite sixty short of the de- Coronation Hill, are Rs. 100 per an- mand annually, partly owing to the 11l1m. The boys enter at 16 or over, fact that at present many of the Nor- after an entrance examination, and mal School boys are aiming, eac~l they remain at the school for three year, at going to Buclo, and they are years. It is from this school that only bound to do two years' teaching . schoolmasters for the higher grade before they may leave t:le work for and high schools are supplied, but which they have been trained. the majority go into Government or hlisiness c1erkships, where the pay Space forbids us to give in detail rises higher; or they help their fath~rs the story of th:: progress of the sometimes, if chiefs, while some en- Gganda Mi5sion in extension to the ter straightway into chieftainships- surrounding countries. Rather, we no sinecure under the British Gov- have here tried to estimate the conernment, which confirms and uses dition of the Church at this time, and the chiefs as judges and tax-collec- the adequacy o[ otherwise of the 0[- tors. None have yet gone on to the ganization. Our conclusion is that class for ordination, but it is prob- there is great need of keeping up ably partly because it is not clear to the strength at the base, so that the them whether they will be expected borders may be extended by natural, to go through the grades as "teach- strong expansion of a Christian naers" first. The Normal School has tion. Above all, we need continual about sixty pupils, selected from reliance upon supernatural power, Yarious parts of the diocese, but if while we daily consider problems and organ ization.

IMMEDIACY "NOct' is the accepted time."

The Wicked Perish–~· Kow The Doors Are Opcn—-~ow The Church has Power—~-N ow The Lord Calls You to H elp-Now "vVe must work the works of Him that sent Me, while it is day: the night cometh, when no man can work."-J ohll 9: 4. R. V.

A PANORAMA OF HACHIM AN, OMI

Moving Mountains in ] apan THE STORY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE OMI MISSION IN AN UNOCCUPIED PROVINCE * BY PIERSON CURTIS, ESSEX FELLS, NE W JERSEY "He will read this narrative to little purpose who does not find in it the lesson that God can take the most unpromising of tools and temper it with fire and water and heavy blows, till it may be used in p lanting the seeds of His Kingdom where He wills."-"A Mustard Seed in Japan."-WJLLIAM MERRELL VORIES.

IOlN the chilly winG- it was not remarkable that a sense swept platform of a of defeat crusht and almost routed . railway station in the the young American. No wonder heart of Japan stood a that in this bleak February after- young American col- noon a sense of his inadequacy and lege graduate. He solitariness swept over him. He had come as a student volunteer to had not yet learned that the ques- this province of Omi to teach En- tion was not "How can 1 win out ?"

glish in the Hachiman Academy and In a few weary days he had rented had obtained permission to hold a small Japanese house, decorated it Bible classes in his leisure time. with American furnishings and The province was isolated from for- many picture post cards. At his eigners, had never been occupied by invitation the students of his classes any missionary, and was one of the came to view the person and habitat last strongholds of the once ali- of a real live American. When powerful Buddhism. The common curiosity waned, games were forth- people were priest-ridden beyond ap- coming- wonderful American games , proach, and the students were ag- such as flinch and ping-pong-and nostic or opposed to all religion. the house was nightly crowded with With everything against him, liter- interested and noisy visitors.

ally facing 800,000 hostile beings, Eut William Merrell Vories wa:; of whose language he knew nothing, not merely entertaining the students *"A Mustard Seed in Japan." Wm. M. Vories. For sale by Mrs. John V ories, Glenw oo d Springs, Col. 25 cents.

MOUNTAINS IN

and driving away his loneliness. He faculty or students, the young Japwas gaining their confidence and was studying his field. Of those who anese prayed daily in his solitude for seemed leaders he soon asked a a Christian teacher, and asked that strange question. "Will you join a his fellow students might also have Bible class if I have one for stu·- the Light. He was graduated, but, dents?" Tho not understanding because of his especial ability in the new words, partly to please him English, was retained as an instrucand partly out of curiosity several tor. agreed to come. For this hour of need God hac! Once more as he faced his first been preparing the young Japanese Dible class came that sense of im- Christian. He stept eagerly into potence. ,yithout their language, the gap. Not only did he translate how could he make interesting, even the English paragraphs explaining intelligible, these studies of an en- the Bible lessons skilfully, but symtirely new conception of life? pathetically, in the true spirit of the original. But here the young teacher learned his first lesson. Two years before Forty-five young men came to that this time, a young student in the first Bible class, and crowded the litacademy had adopted Christianity. tle house. Soon the number grew Left without a spiritual guide among to II2, and later 320 students were enrol1ed in four classes. These re- CHARTER MEMBERS OF THE STUDENT Y. M. C. A., OMI Young Japanese who experienced persecution from their fellow· students

strained and quiet people were so sirable corner-lot. Half was given affected by the simple incidents and for the Y. M. C. A. and half for a parables that tears and sobs were not church. They hac! toiled and sweatinfrequent. For the first time in ed in vain for a meager back-lot, but their lives what was best in them God had been preparing for many was appealed to, and the teacher be- years the best spot in town. gan to be asked, "Vhat must I (10 to be saved ?" It is no wonder that with so favorable a start and such definite It soon became apparent that mere results already attained, and the talk could 110t carry the whole mes- prospect of a speedy spread of th~ sage. There were no people in all Word before them, that they began the province to whom Mr. Varies to be enthusiastic and to anticipate might point as typical Christians. So an unhindered growth of the work.

the young volunteer and the Japan- But before the beginning of the church another movement had begun. ese instructor invitee! one of the olcler There were in Omi many Buddhist boys to come and live with them, temples with their cohorts of ignorhoping that they could "help him to ant, indolent priests who relied for apply the principles of Christianity a secure ancI fat income upon the hour by hour, to the practiced prob- I:ostly and pompous burial of the lems of student life, and thus de- dead. Their whole priestly duty was velop from their own number an ex- a r-Qutine of official ceremonies, and ample that would help solve the this ignoble ease was disturbed by dilemma." Then, one after another, the advances of the new religion, nO" five others asked to be a(lmitteci- proving itself a force. They el> and lastly, two came to room in the deavored to stop the activities of "disused and rat-infested attic" rather the American teacher, both by direct t!1an stay away. threat and by protest to the school authoriti.es. 'When thi.s proved wi.th- So successful was the experiment out effect they commenced to incite that a larger house was sought-but the people to riot. m vam. So a Y. M. C. A. building was determined upon. American The unruly and law-breaking elefriends were called upon for help, ment in the school now found a and presently plans and money were legitimate outlet for their energies. secured. But not a foot of land could Two bullies, notorious for the inbe bought for a Christian building. vention of mischief, formed and Human endeavor could not find the headed an opposition party leading smallest lot on a back street. In a systematic and resourceful camtheir despair they prayed to God, and paign of abuse and persecution. there came another demonstration from the real Sottrce of the work. In early stages a Bible class stu- dent was greeted with a torrent of A middle-aged Japanese from Ky- ridicule and invective as he entered oto, who for fifteen years had the school grounds. This had little planned to give a Christian church effect, tho keenly felt. Next came to this, his boyhood town, came to harassing in classrooms, the mutilathem with the deed of the most cle-

MOUNTAINS IN

tion of uoob and the examma- fortitl1lle of the Christians under per- tion papers of the Y. M. C. A. secution could JIot but impress even boys. Lastly, force was resorted to, their tormentors. and the time came when a mob of the opposition would attack a single So curiot1s did these men become one of the group and af ter serious as to the mysterious rites performed haz ing leave him by the roadside at night. THE CHUR CH BUILT BY MElfBERS In this lonely situation, Vories fel t Th is building was erected within three years of the • again that fi rst-day panic. There "First Sunday"

was no one to appeal to; no one to obtain such results, that two of older to consult. And when the the leaders came to spy upon the students came fo r advice, he could praying band. Their astonishment only r efer them, with wavering as – may be imagined when they crept su rance, to God as the only help. behind the large circle and heard these men whom they were injuring The Bible study group met to- by ever y mean s in their power, pray gether to plan, and the resu lt of their not for vengeance. and cunning or planning was to make th e opposition even for the lighten ing of their suf- howl with deris ion. They deter- ferings, but for the forgiveness and mined upon the li se of prayer to fight salvation of th eir oppressors. " That physical force. Each morning they was too much for the spies. They were to meet in Varies' study fo r were overcome and melted to tears 15 minutes of united prayer. in the very meeting which they had come to report upon. " It seeme(l that there must be some answer to th e stammering, heart felt Within a month each of these men prayers of the first meeting of twelve. came separately to Vories to C011- But the [('suIt was that persecution was doubled that day. N ext day four more were added to the first 12, and so despite the continued and severe persecution, throughout the 1110nth there was a gradual increase in attendance to more than 40.

The answer was not a "lessening of the abuse but in a ~hange in the praying men themselves." Conver- s:ons were occ urring in these meet- ings. Other pr ayer circles were hold- ing special sessions here and there. Deep stirrings of dormant spiritual natures were becoming daily occur- rences. A nd altho all this was done unobtrusively, almost secretly, the effects could not be hidden . Their faces sh owed the change ; and the

fess, and to learn if there was hope efforts as they saw the cause they of Life for him also. Later they opposed gaining ground. Vigorous stood before the whole group of stu- articles were published against Chrisdents whom they had so bitterly per- tianity and against Varies' band in secuted, and with 'tears asked ·for particular. Political wheels were turned until it became an issue HIS PRAYERS BORE FRUIT whether the American teacher could give evidence of any religious con- B. C. :Miyamoto, whose prayers started the :l1:ission victions. Advice came to him from the "Cotllmissioner of Education" to' pardon and for prayers that they give lip the mooted work temporarily. also might be worthy to be Chris- And when he refused, a bill went tians. through the local assembly to cut off the academy's appropriation unless So ended the student opposition it dismissed him. through this same "childish, futile means of prayer." Furthermore, the ~he principal, until now not disspectacle of the sudden transforma- turbed by the demands of the option of the two greatest rogues in position, was forced to ask for his the student body into models of in- resignation, but this he would not dustry and earnestness was witnessed give, holding by his contract for two by the amazed community. The les- years. son of respect for the power of God so man; fested was not to be un- After the end of the two years, learned. however, he was dismissed with a certificate that he had left only be- This faith so strengthened was cause he persisted in teaching the soon to be sorely tested. The Bud- Bible against the wishes of a Buddhist priests whose influence had dhist community. started the opposition were not to be easily silenced, but they were on the With this summary act of discontrary only spurred on to greater missal it seemed that the ax had been laid at the roots of the mus- tard-tree. The signs of promise, the members, the new building-all the results of sowing and cultivating, seemed lost. How could Mr. Varies remain there without financial sup- port, and in disfavor in the com- munity?

But all thoughts of seeking a more comfortable field were banished by the memory of the fortitude, faith and victory of his student friends. After they had so nobly stood their ground their preceptor could hardly desert as soon as the first gun was turned toward him.

MOUNTAINS IN

JOHN VORIES (CENTER OF FRONT ROW) AND MEMBERS OF THE OMI MISSION Vories stayed, and prayed. The years," spent in studying architecbuilding was finished and was paid ture, he dealt honestly with the quesfor with the last cent of money sub- tion and turned to definite preparascribed. He moved into the new tion for foreign mission work. Now quarters and began the fight for the this "wasted time" was clearly seen Omi Mission with a balance of zero to be a part of God's plan for his in the treasury. work at Omi as a means of earning his living. Here first, in days of real need, he learned how true were his stu- The many inconvenient and costly dent friends. He learned, too, that buildings of various Christian mis- God was not deserting him. Twenty- sions in Japan suggested to Vories five dollars a month began to come that he might earn money for his regularly to him anonymously from own mission and serve others at the a tourist who had heard of the situa- same time. tion in Omi. This small sum gave him enough to live on, tho not From this beginning, through aid enough to extend the work. of increasing numbers of friends in America and Japan, the mission has Back in high-school days in Amer- grown. Two other young architects ica Vories had determined to take of like mind joined the mission, anel up architecture, to become rich and Japanese friends left positions offerto send out missionaries. This, he ing large and assured incomes to aid argued, would excuse him· from in the Omi work. answering the call that he had heard to give himself. But after three "losI Many missions experience difficulty in retaining really efficient native

helpers, because of the inferior posi- imall are madc welcome. The means tion given such men in church coun- of an otherwise expensive hospitality cils, not to mention salary. Vories' come from the mission farm, which helpers are all on an equal footing not only is a great help to a force with him, and they know that he with an uncertain income, but puts will see their wants provided for be- them in touch with all the farmers fore his own. Therefore they are of the province, who are curious of willing and glad to be associated the new methods and improved with hilll. plants. Finally, the publication of a monthly paper, The Omi Mustard The mission has developed in many Seed, keeps the mUltiplying friends (iirections. With a· plant worth of the mission in contact with the $20,000, and over 20 workers, there advancing work. is great usefulness. At least one self-supporting church with a native The plans for the future include pastor, and ether groups of Chris- a much-needed tuberculosis sanitartians working toward the same goal ium on the high hill above the farm; are direct results of the work. Bible a publishing plant, a training school chsses among students, Sunday- with a kindergarten for the outcasts, schools among the children, Bible the degraded descendants of Korean women and evangelists in outlying captives, anel the building of intowns and country plant the seed. stitutional village churches which Village Y. M. C. A.'s for the young shall be social centers for their comfarmers, and two railroad Y. M. C. munities. This means a doubling of A.'s at Baba and Maibara reach neg- equipment and workers. lected classes. The work of the past seven years, A Gospel boat, run hy 111otor- the growth of the mission from one power, now visits small and other- worker in a small rented house to a wise inaccessible districts around force of over twenty anel a large Omi's 6o-mile lake. A department plant is told in detail by Mr. Vories of correspondence evangelism, reach- in "A Mustard Seed in Japan." The ing all parts of Omi, sends informa- early lessons of faith and prayer can tion and Christian literature' to any not be forgotten, and the mission who care to answer advertisements continues in the plan of God to grow in the provincial newspaper. Visitors and flourish, a living witness to tile to the central mission plant at Hach- living God.

Laid on Thine altar, 0 my God divine, Accept my gifts this day, for J eSl1s' sake.

r have no jewels to adorn Thy shrine, Nor any world-famed sacrifice to make; But here I bring, within my trembling hand., This will of mine~a thing that seemeth small, Yet Thou alone, 0 Lord, canst understand How when I yield Thee this, I yield mine all.

~F ound in the Bible of a Missionary who' died in Africa.

~., ~/.–

-…… ….~~……•/ OF .

BEST METHODS'

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M, BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK PRACTICAL WORK FOR SUNDAY-SCHOOLS AND MISSIONARY SOCIETIES OME years ago the history, the aiding of a missionary in some concrete way will furnish the mS young superintendent Clf opportunity." an Ohio Sunday-school found himself in an em- "Aiding a missionary in some con- barrassing situation. He crete way"-this will furnish any had a great desire to amount of practical work and is one see his school at work of the best solutions of the problem. for Christ, and every Sunday made strong appeals to the members to un- Utilizing Surplus Material dertake some definite form of Christian service. But one Sunday, when The Department for Utilizing Sura young high-school girl came ask- plus Material connected with the ing for something to do, he found 'Vorld's Sunday-school Association, has to his dismay that he had nothing done more than anything else toward to give her! He went to work to solving the problem of providing pracdiscover something suited to her capa- tical work for Sunday-schools and bilities and soon pointed out a service missionary societies. It has been in into which she gladly entered. For a operation about five years and is unnumber of years she has been a teacher der the care of the Rev. Samuel D. in the high-s·chool of which she was Price, a Presbyterian pastor of Camthen a pupil, and her service for Christ has been varied and effective. den, N. J. (until recently of Chicago, Finding practical work for Sunday- Ill.), who devotes to it every minute schools and missionary societies is by he can spare from the care of his conno means an easy task; yet it must not gregation. It costs him some pleasures, be neglected. "Arousing the emotions but he regards it as well worth the without opportunity for expression sacrifice. tends to weaken character," says Miss Susie E. Ramsey of the Hartford The purpose of the department is to School of Religious Pedagogy. "Every introduce workers at home to missioncourse of missionary instruction should, aries on the field and arrange for the then, provide this opportunity. With forwarding to them of left-over supchildren and youth something concrete plies of various kinds that might be is necessary. With the young child, it useful in their work. Sunday-schools will be acts of helpfulness to those in and other workers are invited to write his small world-his immediate en- to Mr. Price for "introductions" to vironment. In the case of older chil- missionaries, and missionaries are urged dren and youth, whose world has been to make known their wants and state enlarged by the study of geography and what they can use.

The work began with a vision of the tons of pictures going to waste in the homeland that came to Mr. Price

when he heard a missionary from Laos mas, Easter, and Children's Day exsay that "frequently the only decora- ercises, such as are used in the Sundaytion in a native home was the label cut schools in America. from a match-box." At first, only pictures· were sent, but now almost every- 4. ILLUSTRATED P APERS.-Such papers thing is included. "New and larger as The Youth's Companion, The Chrispossibilities are being constantly dis- tian Endeavor World, Forward, and covered," says Mr. Price. "More than The Classmate, can be used in some 13,000 individuals, classes, or Sunday- fields. In the Philippines, where there schools in North America have been are 600,000 public school children, they put in touch with miss"ion stations on are in great demand. the foreign field, and testimonials and letters of appreciation have been re- S. PEDAGOGICAL PUBLICATIONS. – A ceived from hundreds of grateful mlS- missionary from China asks for books sionar'ies." Among the supplies most and magazines useful to a teacher. needed are the following: Here is an opportunity for Christian teachers to mail their magazines, after 1. PICTURES.-The call is especially they have read them, to teachers on the urgent for colored lesson picture cards mission field. Used or first copies of and the large picture rolls illustrating THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Bible stories and Bible lands. Next to VORLD are greatly prized by missionthe Bible itself, few things .are of aries on the hpme and on foreign greater value. No matter what the fields. Many of these can not afford to language, all but the blind can be in- subscribe. Kindergarten materials are structed by means of them. "Hun- also needed. dreds of natives have never seen a picture of any kind," says a missionary 6. STEREOPTICON SLIDEs.-"I woule from Assam. "A small card, even, is be delighted to have old lantern slides a great help in bringing people together of Bible stories," says a missionary in for an open-air meeting in the vil- India, "for I have only a few, and the lages, and gives us splendid opportu- calls for stereopticon talks are urgent. nities to preach Christ." Picture postcards, Christmas cards, and bright pic- We get not only the Christians at such, tures cut from magazines and mounted on thin cardboard are also acceptable, meetings, but Hindus and Mohamme, and scrap-books filled with pictures are dans, as many as can see even from a invaluable. distance."

2. DOLLS.-These are in great de, 7. Or,D-AGE SPECTACLES (not eyemand for rewards in the mission glasses).-;-'[he call for. these is espc~ schools and for gifts at Christmas· dally urgent from India and Ceylon, time. The chapter, "The First Book and the New Eyes," in "The Story of John G. 3. SUNDAY-SCHOOL LESSON HELPS.- Paton," illustrates their value. In some mission fields, notably the Philippines, where the International S. CABINET AND FOLDING ORGANS.-. Lessons are studied later than at home, Twelve of these have been sent to dif, quarterlies and other lesson helps are ferent fields, but more are needed, wanted. Copies of "Peloubet's Notes" There are also calls for typewriters, and "Tarbell's Teachers' Guide" are church bells, musical instruments, talkespecially valuable where there are ing machines and records. English-speaking native helpers. From some fields there are calls for Christ- The cost of this work is slight-four pounds of pictures can be sent for thirty-two cents-and the supply of material is almost unlimited. "Just think of the material that goes to waste!" writes a Sunday-school worker

OF BEST METI-lODS 6r5

from Iowa. "In looking through our Write your name and address clearly closet we found about ten charts, and inclose at least a two-cent stamp. numerous other pictures, and Class- In return you will receive an "introducmates, Dewdrops, and other picture tion" to a missionary of your OWn delesson papers by the basketfu1." nomination who is in need of what you can supply, and a circular giving full Nor is there danger of sending too information how to proceed. There much. "vVill not my friends in Amer- are, too, many calls from workers in ica send me some of their left-over Sunday-school cards?" asks a missionary interdenominational missions, such as in Japan. "I want to use them in schools, hospitals, and everywhere. A the China Inland Mission, and the tobacco factory just beside me has African Inland Mission. l f you· are willing to help one of these, say so in HOW MISSIONARIES UTILIZE SURPLUS MATERIAL FROM HOME 5,000 women and girls; the poorhouse, your letter. It will be an advantage visited to-day, 1,000 inmates; the chil- to have, a· "secretary for stlfplus madren's poorhouse, SOD; the lepers' terial" 111 each Sunday-s~hool and home, 400. You need not be afraid of society. sending too many." Walch Your Waste-Basket All supplies are sent direct to the field by the donors thems·elves. The "Your waste-basket has made you sin mode of procedure, for those who are more than once,'" said William Ralph willing to help, is as follows: Hall, s'ecretary of Young People'g, Work in the Presbyterian Church" in a r~­ Collect your material and write to cent number. of ,Porzmrd. "It maklls the Rev. Samuel D. Price, 216 Metro- little difference whether your wastepolitan Tower, New York, N. Y., stat- basket is of fine"lt willow, whether it is ing what you have to send and the the kitchen range, a barrel in the cellar, name of your denomination in full, not or a ,box in- the· attic~it has led you forgetting to designate whether "North" into sin, There are large waste' or "South," where this is necessary.

baskets belonging to churches, Sunday- munion vessels, why should not some schools', and Young People's Societies. of the old sets be sent to the churches Sometimes the furnace room serves on the mission fields ?*-The Missionary that purpose, sometimes the room under Hel'ald. the bell tower. Into these waste- baskets, in both homes and churches, Christmas for All the World go colored lesson picture cards, lesson picture rolls, picture postcards, Sun- Christmas seems a long way off. day-school quarterlies, and so forth. But to those who wish to participate That is a sin. Do you ask in amaze- in the joyful work of providing gifts ment, why? for the children of missionary lands, it is not very far away. "In India, China, Japan, in mission fields the world over, there is a great Teachers of home missionary schools, demand for pictures and illustrative as well as foreign, are grateful for material. Material which is out of such help. If you are willing to share date, and which may have been usee!, in it, write either to Rev. Samuel D. but not spoiled, will meet the need. Price (at the address already given) Now, do you see where the waste- or to your denominational Women's basket has' made you to sin? Home or Foreign Missionary Board, and ask for the name 0 f a missionary "Clearing out the waste-baskets and and a list of things needed for Christsending of the' material therein is a mas. task which is open to everyone. It costs little, and gives large returns." The gifts need not be expensive. Almost the ol1ly cost is the time it That Old Communion Set takes to collect and prepare them, and the postage or freight to send them to Every newly organized church counts the field. Pictures can be had for the its most solemn service that one when asking, and in many a foreign mission the members meet at the communion field a picture is regarded as a great table. Dan Crawford, the African Christmas gift. "Nothing has ever miSSIOnary, whose fascinating book, been done for the children at Christ- "Thinking Black," is arousing such en- mas' time," a missionary in Bolivia thusiasm, tells how the converted chief wrote to Mr. Price last year. "But this of a heathen village came to him one year we are going to have a Christmas day. tree for the Sunday-school children, and thanks to your 'Department of Util- "Might we not celebrate together the izing Surplus Material,' we have enough Feast of Memories?" he asked. cards to go around. Really, children in the United States can not understand Then, remembering who makes the about children who never had a picthird when two are thus gathered to- ture card. There is not even a calengether, the missionary and the African dar here, as the merchants do not give chief, there in the jungle, celebrated them away or have them for sale." the Lord's Supper. Whatever is done should be done "We had an old battered box upside without delay. Otherwise great disdown," says Mr. Crawford, "and a mug appointment is likely to result. Last minus a handle, but what of that? Is year, some of the boxes sent by freight it not written that all the vessels shall to home mission schools did not reach be holiness unto the Lord?" * Mr. J. G. Hosmer, at the rooms of the Ameri· Certainly the reverent spirit and the prayers do hallow the commonest uten- can Board, Congregational House, Boston, will sils, but with hundreds of churches at gladly forward such gifts if the aonors WIsh to home renewing or changing their com- send them through his office.

DEPAl{'TMENT OF ~EST

their destination until 1011J after Christ- A Glimpse of the Need on the Field mas, and at a meeting of Baptist wo- "The little gifts have their place," wrote Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, men, held in Hamilton, N. Y., last to The Bulletin from India. "Patch- work quilts made in obscure villages spring, the story was told of a little in America are decorating hospital beds and delighting by their bright girl' in a foreign mission school who colors the tired eyes of many patients.. Dolls have a missionary message; sn worked faithfully all year to win a doll have little leaflets, picture postals, and Sunday-school cards. It has been a at Christmas ti:1:e. She started off i:l surprize to me to see how great arc che lJOssibilities of usefulness of the high glee to the Christmas party, but Sunday-school picture rolls. They arc taken out on jungle trips, used in the returned with empty hands and t~ar­ day schools and in street preach in:;. When old they are given to the Chrisstained face. "What is the matter? tians, who hanz- them on their walls. Where is your doll ?" h~r mother "The Bulletin will come out just in asked. "1 did not get it," she sobbed. time to suggest the having of summcr Christmas trees* on which to hang "The ladies in A:uerica didn't send any gifts that should start early in order to reach the missionary at Christmas this year." time. What fun the classes in the Sunday-school could have getting To be in time, packages for the for- thin:ss rea:ly! Dolls, scrap-books, Iittlc work-bags, pens and pel;cils, erasers, ei <;n field should start not later than sa fety-pins, little toys, bright ribbons. remnants of bright-colored prints, awl October 15th, and earlier 'i:, auld be bet- a hundred other things would give such pleasure. Then all the gifts could be ter. October 1st is a safer date. Boxes hung on SO',lle living tree on a beautiful lawn. There could be missionary for home mission schools, if sent by stories, pictures and songs, and a good time that would never be forgotten! freight, should start not later than No- "If every mission could receive such vember ISt. Packages sent by parcel a box, it would hearten and encourage the missionary, and anchor missions in Jlost might go a little later, but not the love of the children in our Sunday- schools as nothing else coul(. very much. , "E'xpcriences that some of the mis- Christmas for the Lepers sionaries have told me ma'<e me hasten to acid a paragraph on prepaying the Last year, throu:sh the efforts of the charges all everything sent. It is bet- Department for Utilizing Surplus Mate- ter to do nothing than to send parceh rial, every known leper home in th~ for which the missionary must pay ont world was supplied with a gift of pic- of his own pocket." tures and a Christmas greeting. Over four hundred Sunday-schools and in- * Added information about S'lll1nler Christmas dividuals partic.ipated in this beautiful trees will be found in the BEST lVIETHODS DEPARTwork, and it is to be repeated this MENT of THE REVIEW for :lay of this year.- year, if God's children will respond to n. M. B. the call. If you are willing to hel;), Mr. Price will be only too happy to give you an "introduction" to a leprr home. Sunday-school lesson pictures make the best gi fts, but Christmas cards and picture postcards pasted back to back, are also acceptable.

V.rho~ver is neglected at Christmas time, it should not he the lepers. There is no class of people in the world more in need of Christmas cheer than these poor creatures afflicted with a loathsome disease fr0111 which there is no hope of release in this life, and which separates them from horne and loved ones.

Preparing Postcards well as girls, and they are a great help III children's hospitals and orphans' Before sending picture postcards to homes, both in this country and in the foreign field, they should be p~e­ foreign mission lands'. pared in one of the following ways: It is better to send a large number r. Paste clean, white paper on the of small scrap-books than a few large back to cover the writing. ones. They can be easily made at small cost, as follows: Take four 2. Paste them back to back, two and sheets of stiff paper of any kind (eleven two, so that the writing does not ap- by seventeen inches is a good size), pear. fold down the center and stitch to- gether. This gives sixteen pages on 3. Make them into postcard chains. which to paste the pictures. Colored Mr. Price gives directions for these pictures give the most pleasure, but as follows: "Take a yard of narrow those in black and white will do. Bible ribbon or tape and cut it in two. Se- scenes and those typical of America lect twelve cards that have writing on and other Christian countries-pictures the address side only and string them of children at play, churches, homes, together, back to back, with the rib- railway trains, street cars, etc.-always bons inside about one inch from each arouse interest. One page might be edge. The distance between each pair filled with canceled postage stamps. of cards should be about one-sixteenth Do not write anything in the book, as of an inch, and a loop of ribbon should this would increase the postage. be inserted at the top to hang it by. These postcard chains will be joyously A good plan is to give a scrap-book received at any hospital or school on party and make the admission a package the foreign field. When not in use, of pictures or a penny or two to help they may be folded up or kept hanging pay the postage. by the loop." All About Dolla The favorite cards are madonnas, angels, Bible scenes, children, babies, Dolls are in universal demand and and scenes from Ii fe. Very few care are greatly prized in all mission fields. much for scenery, but pictures of They should be from nine to twelve famous buildings, and those illustrating inches in length, and simply drest in mining, farming and other industries, clothes that will wash and are provided are useful in the class-rooms as the with buttons and buttonholes. They basis of conversation lessons. There is should be drest in gay colors; never in practically no end to the uses to which white, as this is the symbol of mournthey can he put. ing throughout the Orient. As a rule, they should be all about the same Cards that are objectionable in any grade, as no favoritism can be shown way should not be sent. Missionaries in the distribution unless they are used can not, of course, USe advertisements as prizes. for strong drink or tobacco, no matter how attractive they are, nor pictures To almost all countries they can of women in corsets or low-neck now be sent by parcel post at the dresses. The Chinese, especially, are rate of twelve cents a pound or fracparticular about the body being fully tion thereof. The limit in weight is clothed. Comic cards that might be eleven pounds, but experience proves misunderstood should not be sent. that they carry better in four or five- pound parcels, any number of which How to Make Scrap-Books can be sent at one time. The dolls The making of scraps-books is a delightful work, which boys enjoy as

OF BEST

should be well wrapt in cotton batting Baptist Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, was and packed close together in a paste- the loading of a ship with doIls fDr board box. The box should be wrapt China. In response to our request, first in corrugated pas'teboard, then in Mrs. H. T. Crane, the wife of the heavy paper, and be securely tied with pastor, describes it as follows: stout cord. "The idea came to me when we The following stories will be found were leaving for our summer vacauseful in arousing interest and secur- tion. I suggested to the Sunday-school ing the dolls: that we shDuld each bring a doll on Rally Sunday, tD be sent to our Miss "Dolls from Chicago to Fatehgarh, Sollman (a Cincinnati gIrl), at Swa- India," Louis Atherton Dickey, The tow, China, fDr her Christmas tree. Continent, March 27, 19I3.

PREPARING SCRAP-BOOKS TO SEND TO MISSIONARIES "The Happiest Girl in Korea,". Chapter The suggestion was received with 1 in the book with this title, by Minerva great enthusiasm, and when we reo L. Guthaphel. turned in September I heard many encouraging reports from the 'doll "The First Dolls in' Toro," page 126, dressing parties' that had been held and "The Dying Child's Doll," page 102, during August. in "The Child in the Midst," by Mary Schauffler Labaree. "Rally Day was the first Sunday in October, and I called for all dolls to "Missionary Dolls in Turkey," by a be sent to the church the Saturday bemissionary of the American Board at fore. We borrowed a large ship, made Adana, Turkey, The Sunday-School of wire that had been used by a florist, Times, October 4, 1913. It is estimated and by the use of yellow and white that this one story, and the appeal which bunting (our Sunday-school colors) accompanied it, resulted in the sending and cardboard, we made it intD a reguout last Christmas of 5,000 dolls to the lar ocean liner, with three decks, smokevarious mission fields through the De- stacks, sails, etc. We removed a partment for Utilizing Snrplus Material large swinging blackboard from its alone. What it did through other frame, and this made a fine place to agencies can not be known. suspend it. The frame was wound with yellow and white cheese-cloth. On A Shipload of Dolls a table below, a sheet was puffed out over some boxes, and with SDme Two years ago the principal feature of the Rally Day exercises of the Sunday-school of the Mount Auburn

crayon we made blue sea with white dolls were arranged on a large table, waves, 'breakers and all.' I have a in the middle of the room, and each large class of young ladies (about fifty girl named her own, pinning a strip in all) and I called on them to help. of paper with the name to the dress. About a dozen came, and we made long strings of ribbon penants, and put After a short, bright program of a beautiful silk American flag at the missionary music and stories, refreshstem and a Chinese flag at the stern. ments were served. Then each girl wrapt her doll in a sheet of tissue "I can not express our joy when paper and placed it in the large box in the dolls began to pour in, and we ar- which it was to travel to Syria. Of ranged the passengers 'ready for sail- course, the packing had to be done over ing.' We made the railing of wire, again, but placing the dolls in the box wrapping it with ribbon, and then gave the girls a real sense of the jourstood the dear little things close to- ney on which they were going. The gether along the three decks. Some evening was much enjoyed, both by the were large, some were small, and some girls and their parents, whose interest were 'middle-sized,' and such a va- in the band was greatly augmented riety-young men and young women in thereby. traveling suits; brides and grooms in A Doll and Scrap-Book Contest veils and dress suits; babies in Ion s In The Chronicle (organ of the Louclothes, and sailor boys in middy don Missionary Society), the Rev. R. suits; Red Cross nurses and doctor,; V. Newlands tells of a novel clall and with medicine chests, and countless scrap-book contest held in his church others. at Checkheaton, England.

"When the ship was unveiled and The girls had been asked to dre3s the breezes from the window caused dolls to send to the foreign mission it to sway and the flags and penants field, and so much interest developed to flutter, it was, indeed, a beautiful that the boys began to ask, "Vhat call sight. Our exercises were something we do?" So it was decided to have like this: A speech of farewell to the them fill scrap-books to be sent with the ship, Good Will; a word-picture of dolls. When they were all ready, an the land the dolls were going to; the cxhibition was held that was attcndeu boys and girls they would cheer, and by a large number of people. a description of Miss Sollman's school. There was, of course, appropriate "It was a success beyond our expecmusic interspersed through the whole. tations," says Mr. Newlands, "and I am sure will lead to a great increase "The ship was between four and five of interest among our people, old as feet long, and we had about two hun- well as young. We had one hundred orf'd dolls, counting many small ones." and eighteen dolls and forty-five scrap- hooks exhibited. We decided to send A Doll Reception one-fifth of both dolls and scrap-books to each of the five London Missionary Some years ago the Alexander Society l11issiol1s~in Madagascar, In- Proudfit Mission Band of the First dia, China, Africa, and Samoa. Each Presbyterian Church, Springfield, Ohio. doll and 'scrap-book had a number to drest a number of dolls for a mission- he used by visitors in voting for the ary in Syria. When they were ready. a favorites. A frame in front showed reception was arranged for them in the the location 011 maps of the five mischurch parlor, to which each member sions to which the dolls and books were of the band was allowed to bring her to he sent." parents and one other friend. The

WODlD-WlDE

SSI ADYNEWS EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES the organization is an experienced jour- nalist, Mr. Charles T. Bateman, who T Missionary Gifts and Deficits will gather the news direct from the HE Society for the Propagation of missionary societies and present it to the Gospel (S. P. G.), like the the newspapers with the aim of giving Church Missionary Society, has achieved to the public reliable and interesting a record, having received nearly f34,000 news concerning missions. in 1913 more than in 1912, and also more offers of service than ever before. Giving a Tenth The. London Missionary Society, which began its financial year with an accumu- T HERE is a certain church (the Chrislated deficiency of some f70,000, acknowledges £73,000 received to a spe- tian Sun assures us). which gives, not cial fund to expunge these arrears, and .a tenth of its money merely, but a also an increased income of nearly tenth of its membership for the furfro,ooo toward the ordinary expendi- therance of the Gospel. "This church ture of the year. The Baptist Mission- has 1,995 members, from which memary Society ended the year nearly bership there are now in the field 196 fro,ooo short, but in a few days the pastors and evangelists. Of this numdeficit was reduced to about £2,000- ber the church itself supports 92, and notwithstanding the fact that the the remaining 104 being volunteer Baptists have just raised a sustentation workers who support themselves or fund of a quarter of a million pounds. are supported by the people among The Wesleyans have completed their whom they labor. Last year this special £250,000 for mISSIOns; the church established 52 other churches or United Methodists and the Primitive regular preaching-places." Methodists have surpassed previous "records." Need of Missionary Nurses The United Free Church of Scot- L T the twelfth annual meeting of the land makes a fine showing with an increase of £52,778, and a total of £14,- , Nurses' Missionary League, it was 000,000 raised for church work in the stated that 31 members of the League thirteen years since the union. had gone to the mission field since March, 1913, to work under 16 different A A Missionary Press Bureau societies-a larger number than in any N office has been established at NO·3 previous year. The number of new Tudor Street, Blackfriars, London, E. members who had joined during the C, for the supply of reliable missionary year was 272, and there had been ennews to the daily press. This is under couraging improvement in many of the the control of a joint committee of the branches in hospitals-which now num- National Laymen's Missionary Move- bered 65 in the British Isles-while ment and of the Conference of British new branches had been formed in Can- Mis;;'ionary Societies. At the head of ada and Australia. The League had been well received by the matrons of many hospitals, and the link between

it and the missionary societies was be- crnment, which has sometimes closed coming stronger. the schools and the churches and has The great need for more nurses ill thrown the native Christians into pris- the mission field is strongly emphasized on. But the work could not be stopt.

by Dr. White of Persia. In his own Many of these native Christians ImI- Society, there are 90 hospitals and dis- tated the Christians of the first cen- pensaries, 87 doctors, and only 67 turies, and rejoiced to be cast into nurses. The nurse has an immens'e prison for Christ's sake. In South sphere of influenee-all kinds of men, Africa the native Christians contrib- from princes to brigands, coming to uted 4,800 crowns for the work, in the hospital, and the object-lesson of Madagascar 41,500 francs, and It1 the nurse's life is often the strongest China 1,400 crowns. In the home proof to them of the love of God. country the income of the Society for A For London Young Women the year was 795,000 crowns. GREAT scheme for raising 2,000,- Students of Southeastern Europe T 000 shillings for Young Women's HE commission appointed by the World's Student Christian Fed- Christian Association work was re- cently launched in Lon'don, when a eration to study the colleges of south- meeting was held at the Mansion House. eastern Europe met in Vienna, in De- to explain the urgent need of extend- cember, and outlined a plan of work tf) ing the work among business girls in cover two years. It is now expected London. There are 522,000 wage-earn- that the next meeting of the General ing women in London under the age Committee of the Federation will be of 35, and of these, 300,000 are nnder held in that part of the world, probably 25 years of age, and an increasingly in Prague, soon after Easter in 1915.

large proportion are in need either of The quincentenary Huss celebration is safe and inexpensive lodgings or of res- to be held in Prague that spring, and taurants where inexpensive meals can the Czechs, at least, will be especially be obtained. The Young Women's susceptible to religious impressions.

Christian Association, which has al- This commission will report at that ready several hostels in London, is' time, and make its recommendations' for now anxious to open a model hostel future work. Simultaneous with the for business girls in the West Central meeting of the Federation Committee, district, and clubs with restaurants in it is planned to hold a conference of Bloomsbury, Kensington, and Kilburn. student leaders from all southeastern With the whole sum for which it is Europe, including Russia and Turkey.

appealing, it hopes to estahlish similar Racial and national prejudices make institutions in many of the large towns. all this field a particularly difficult one, but ~ome far-reaching spiritual results THE CONTINENT have followed the visits of Miss Rouse T Norway Iioreign Missions and Mr. Wilder to the student centers HE Foreign Missionary Society of of Austria-Hungary, Poland, and Bo- Norway is operating in South Af- hemia, and the work is being built upon rica, the Island of Madagascar, and in the sure foundation of Bible study.

China. In the year 19II no less than The Liquor Curse in Russia A 5,359 persons were baptized in these LCOHOLISM and its resultant evils have awakened the Russian different fields. In Madagascar, the work has been considerably hindered bureaucracy to the necessity of taking- by the interference of the French Gov- measures against the ever-growing COll-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

sumption of liquor by all classes of and shoes, weave all kinds of cloth, the population. The Council of the Em- and clothe 600 soldiers from head to pire, the Russian Upper House, has foot. Besides, they have two farms, been considering the Duma's project where the criminals are working in dealing with this scourge, and the de- the field. The prisoners are not guardbates that attended the consideration ed by soldiers, but all answer to roll of the bill are highly illuminative of the call. It works well, and they do not financial policy of the Government. run away. Count Witte, the author of the State liquor monopoly, was very frank in his I Methodist Magic in Russia condemnation of it. The monopoly of LLUSTRATING the ignorance and vodka has not reduced drunkenness, and superstition that prevail among the he made an impassioned appeal to save Russian class, Dr. George A. Simons, the country from the clutches of alco- of the St. Petersburg Methodist Misholism. After several days" discus- sion writes that the story is circulated sion, the Duma's project was deprived that everybody who becomes a member of all its vital features and reduced of the Methodist Church must sign a to a minimum of effectiveness. The paper with blood from his or her own new law merely limits the sale of vod- finger. These papers, it is said, Dr. ka to the hours betwen 9 A. M. and Simons collects and hangs on the wall I I p. m. in cities and towns, and to 6 in his home. So long as the members p. m. in the rural 'districts, and forbids who have thus pledged themselves reit in public places, such as government main true to the Methodist Church and buildings, theaters, etc. The press are live according to its rules, they are safe. unanimous in their criticism of the new But if anyone goes astray, Dr. Simons law, and predict its complete failure to knows it immediately, wherever that remedy conditions in the least, but person may be. Accordingly, he takes disagree as to the best means of eradi- a revolver and shoots the paper that cating the evil. person signed, with the instant result that the backslider drops dead, no mat- A Model Prison in Siberia ter where he or she may be.

THE reports concerning the treatment NORTH AMERICA of prisoners in Siberian prisons' usually speak of cruelty and barbarity, Changes in Presbyterian Home Mission so that it is refreshing to read in Evangelical Christendom concerning T Board Mr. Adam Podin's visit to the great HE Presbyterian Board of Home prison in Tomsk, in which he preached Missions, as reconstituted at the to about 1,000 inmates. He says, "The Chicago Assembly, held its first meeting prison could be called the mddel prison in New York, June II, and received of Russia, and perhaps it would not be the resignation of the president, Dr. too much to say, a model prison of the D. Stuart Dodge, whose age and health world." The Governor is like a father make his retirement necessary. The to his children and has found work for resignation of the general secretary, each one. They have factories within Dr. Charles L. Thompson, was also the prison, and their own electricity- accepted and he was named as the everything done by electric power. representative of the board to advocate Dutch tiles are made on the premises, the home mission cause throughout the and the best bricks are produced in their church. kilns'. They make their own boots The General Assembly authorized the appointment of three coordinate secre- taries, for which the board has named

.r two former a:isociate secretaries, Dr. New Presbyterian Recruits HE Presbyterian Board of 1'orei.::·ll John Dixon and Joseph Erncst Me- Afee, ami Dr. Baxter P. Fullerton, it, llis~ions ( North) , has recently field secretary for the southwest. Th~ held its Seventeenth Annual Conference duties of the secretaries were desil- with newly appointed mIssIOnaries.

nated only tentatively. and later re- One hundred and eighteen have been adjustment is prohahle. sent Ollt during the past year and 72 more are expecting to sail during the A Study of Denominational Responsi- year ending April I, 1915.

bility T Southern Baptists Reorganize I-lE Foreign Mission Beard of the A:J interesting report was given ~l Southern Baptist Convention ha, been reorganized, and the following the General Synod of the German Reformed Church (in May), by foul" secretaryships established: Dr. R. J. commISSiOns appointed last August. These commissions considered the fol- Willingham, General Seretary; Dr. lowing themes: The world task of William H. Smith, .Corresponding Sec- the denomination; the mernbership an.l distribution of the denomination; the retary; Dr. J. F. Love, of Dallas, history, organization and administration of the denominational work, and, finally, Texas, Home Department Secretary; the material resources of the denomina- Dr. T. B. Ray, Foreign Secretary. tion, with plans for financing the Church's work. The duty of Foreign Secretary shall be to conduct the correspondence with The first of these four commissions the' missionaries and keep in close, in- has the whole world under review and telligent and sympathetic touch with all it passes on the judgment that the Ger- the work on the foreign field, making man Reformed Church is responsible for occasional visits to the mission fields • 10,COO,OOO heathen. Their particular and bringing recommendations to the share is three and one-half million Board concerning its missionary policies on the field.

I Japanese, three and one-half million W Qrk of the "Living Links" N the foreign missionary work of the Chinese and three and one-half million Mohammedans. The Church IS al- Disciples of Christ there are now ready conducting extensive missions in 163 churches and 28 individuals that .Tapan, spending $50,000 anually. Its are "Living Links," i.e., supporting Chinese work should be extended, the their own representatives on the Commission finds, to an expenditure of foreign field. Rev. Robert G. Frank, $300,000 annually. It is recommended in the Miss:ionary Intelligencer, illus- that work be undertaken in the Sudan. trates this system by the case of a Within the field of home missions church in Liberty, Mo. Each member the Commission accepts responsibility for was asked to subscribe. No one was a large number of German immigrants asked for more than $15 or less than into the United States and Canada, for 25 cents annually. There were only 125,000 Hungarians, for 125,000 Bohe- two gifts of $15, and only 29 of $5 or mians and for 15,000 Japanese on the more. The $600 was in this way easily Pacific coast. It agrees to share with raised. The remainder of the mission- other denominations of the Presby- ary's salary, and the expenses of his terian group responsibility for 4,000,000 work, are provided out of the general negroes. At present $200,000 a year fund of the Foreign Christian Mission- is being spent for home missions, and ary Society. Dr. Paul Wakefield is the an almost fourfold increa~e is desired. representative of this church as a medi-

WORLD-WIDE MISSrONARY :EWS

cal missionary 111 China. lie and bis of persons, baptizcd I1J the Roman family are located in the Christian 1-10:;- Church, are confirmcd in onr Church pital at Lu Chow Fu~the larg-C:it hos- every year, and with no atte1l1pt on our pital of the foreign Christian mission- part to proselyte." ary society in the heathen world. Last year 28,204 cases were treated in and New York'. Non-Churchgoers through this hospital. IT is estimated that over three million Foreigners in American Universities of the population of Greater New York do not attend church or Sunday- IT may be to many a surprize to school. This is not necessarily an in- learn that during the last year near- dication of antagonism or even of inly 4,000 students from foreiJn countries diFference to Christianity, but is largely were enrolled in 275 different American due to ignorance. Underneath that igcolleges and universities. One is pre- norance is a great heart-hunger for a pared to read that China had 594 and vital and vitalizing experience of God's Japan 336 students here, but the fol- power and love. lowing items are unexpected: Last summer 680,000 of these heart- Great Britain and Ireland were hungry people listened to the Gospel represented by 212 students, Germany 'l:essage from the workers of the Evan- 122, Russia 124, France 45, Sweden s'elistic Committee of New York City 41, Italy 38, Austria-Hungary 34, Swit- in the shops, tents, and halls and on the zerland 29, Norway 26, Greece 22, steps of churches. Nearly 100,000 of Spain 20, Netherlands 19, Bulgaria 15, these were boys and girls. In the Rumania 6, Belgium 4, Portugal 3, shops, 32,498 men and women heard Montenegro I. New Zealand was the Gospel. The Gospel was preached represented by 56 students, Egypt by in eleven foreign languages. 15, Liberia by 2, and South Africa by 44. From the American possessions, In the public squares and on the Hawaii sent lO8, Porto Rico, 215, and street corners men and women gather the Philippines, I I I. India had r62 daily to listen to the message given students, Turkey I43, Korea I3, Persia both in song and address. 21, and Siam 13. Of the Latin-American countries, Mexico, with 223 students, This summer the Committee is planheads the list~The Christian I ntelli- ning to reach 1,000,000 people, but they gellcer. need financial support. The treasurer is Mr. John Nicolson, 54I Lexington Avenue, N. Y. City.

Ro~an Priests in the Episcopal Church A Visit to the American Bible Society'. Agencies T HERE is a feeling that the Roman Catholic Church has been, to a REV. WILLIAM 1. HAVEN, D.D., considerable extent, the beneficiary of one of the Corresponding Secreneo-Catholic tendencies in the Episcopal taries of the American Bible Society, Church. The Churchman, however, re- will sail from San Francisco in August, assures us categorically as far, at least, to visit the important fields of the as the American Episcopal Church is Society's work. Accompanied by Mrs. concerned. Haven and Dr. and Mrs. A. F. Schauf- fier, he will visit Japan, Korea, China, "We know," it says, "that there are the Philippines, Siam, and the Levant. more Roman Catholic clergy desiring to enter ottr ministry to-day than clergy In the Far Eastern Agencies last who have gone to them from us in a year the Society circulated 2,261,597 generation. We know that hundreds volumes: in the Levant Agency, 156,-

926 volumes; making a total in all change, costing $3,000; 842 school chilthese Eastern Agencies of 2,418,523 dren; ten teachers; six churches; two volumes. liv<:ry stables; two insurance agencies; one second-hand store; two undertaking For a considerable period the appro- establishments; one lumber yard; two priations for these Agencies have been photographers; one bakery, and one of in the neighborhood of $200,000 a year, the best city parks in the State. The and in addition to the agents of the post office here is the only third-class society at headquarters in Yokohama, post office controlled by negroes. Its Seoul, Shanghai, Manila, Bangkok, and postmaster is the highest-paid negro Constantinople, 601 other workers, col- postmaster in the United States. The porteurs and correspondents, have been sidewalks throughout the city are conengaged in the work of distribution. structed with the best cement and the streets are well lighted by the electric What the Gospel Did for an Indian plant.

W OLF CHIEF in the reservation of A Missionary Magistrate in Alaska Elbowoods, North Dakota, a man of sixty years of age, talked with the MANY a missionary has found that Government superintendent of the the work of bringing the Kingdom reservation as follows: "I used to be of God to earth has led him into una wild Indian with bad works, taking expected lines of activity. When Dr. scalps, hunting women, stealing horses Grafton Burke went to Fort Yukon, and the like. Christ's teaching and our Alaska, as a medical missionary, he did following His Spirit has changed us- not expect to become justice of the some of us. You say that many of our peace. But the presence of dissolute young men have bad habits and make white men, "low-down whites," as they trouble. You should give yourself up are called, was so corrupting the to Christ and follow Him, and He will morals of the place that application had help you as He has changed us, and to be made to the Federal judge at your influence would have strength to Fairbanks for a resident magistrate, save our people." Dr. Burke was appointed.

A Notable Negro Achievement ·When he set out to drive the liquor- sellers out of business because they BOLEY, one of the several colored were poisoning the ignorant Indians, towns of Oklahoma, is often writ- he had a big fight on his hands, and the ten of. The latest report claims a odds were against him. population of 4,000; a bank with a capital and surplus of $rr,500, and The chief commercial power in deposits of $75,804.44; twenty-five Alaska is a company that are also the grocery stores; five hotels; seven largest wholesale liquor dealers in the restaurants; water-works worth $35,- country, and indirectly as well as 000; electric plant worth $20,000; four directly the liquor interests in the drug stores; four cotton gins, ranging country, subordinate and principal, are from $8,000 to $I2,000 in value; one opposed to the laws frained for the bottling works; one steam laundry; two protection of the Indian. newspapers; two ice-cream parlors; two hardware stores; one jewelry store; Dr. Burke has fought a brave andfour department stores; a $40,000 as it seems at present-a losing fight. Masonic Temple; two colleges; one But he is still justice of the peace, still high-school; one graded school; two resolute to suppress the drunkenness city school buildings; one telephone ex- and flagrant immorality that often dis- grace that place.

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LATIN AMERICA AFRICA A Brazilian Pastorate Modern Education in Tunis REV. HERBERT S. MANCHESTER, D.D., of the Presbyterian Church THE effectiveness of the indirect ap- in East Boston, has been appointed re- proach to the Mohammedan prob- cently to take charge of a new union lem, which modern education is making church in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The is pointed out in an article by Frank Conference of the Foreign Mission Edward Johnston, 'in a recent number Boards of North America has one com- of the National Geographic Magazine. mittee composed of six members of various denominations, of which Rob- "The French have made public inert E. Speer is chairman, with the re- struction compulsory throughout Tunisponsibility of nominating and sending sia, and even in the far-away Trogpastors to English-speaking congrega- lodyte villages, small schools are to be tions in the foreign field. Ten or more found, which as a rule, are attended churches are now under the care of this only by the boys, but some of the committee, in Japan, China, Mexico. and broad-minded and intelligent Arabs are South America. In the beautiful city of sending their daughters. These pub- Rio de Janeiro are about 5,000 English- lic schools have both Arab and French ~peaking Protestants without a pastor, instructors, who teach history, geograand it is to them that the committee is phy, reading, writing, and arithmetic. sending Dr. Manchester. A union church is being organized, and the The result of these public schools promise of success is great. is that the younger generation can speak, read, and write excellent French, "A "The Doctrine of Demons" whereas most of the older men do not SHORT time ago," says Rev. understand a word." Eduardo Zapata, a native Methodist preacher in Mexico, "the State With access to French literature the of Oaxaca was visited by a group of hitherto circumscribed horizon of the Romanist missionaries who, when they Arab's vision is immensely enlarged. arrived at the towns where we have The forces of civilization can not fail well-established work, announced that to direct attention to the spiritual Protestantism is the doctrine of demons, power which underlies them. and a sect which is anti-patriotic and full of immorality. Some of the more Bishop Lambuth's Prayer Answered fanatical families withdrew their children from our schools, preferring that W HEN Bishop W. R. Lambuth rethey should remain without instruc- cently established a mission of the tion but 'blest,' and deciaing that they Methodist Episopal Church, South, in should not attend Protestant schools the Kongo some members of the South- 'where their innocent souls would be ern Presbyterian mission accompanied condemned.' him on his journey to select a site for the mission. i3efore they started, the "In the town of Santa Inez del Rio, people came together, and prayed that also in Oaxaca, the people, seeing that the Lord would lead Bishop Lambuth the authorities did nothing in their and his party to the right place, and favor last year, but everything for "help them to know it." On the fortythe priests, have just elected new first day of their journey, they walked officers, all of whom are Protestants. into the largest village they had visited, The Catholics themselves declare that and were greeted with great cordiality these are good and progressive people." by the chief, who recognized in the leader of the Christians accompanying Bishop Lambuth his old boyhood friend. He begged him to stay in his village and

asked the significant question: "vVhat there; and then the man of God who has yonr God raised me up for but to made the promise died and the men help you in your effort to establish a from the Blaauw Berge were long mission?" Bishop Lamhuth said that since forgotten. Twenty-five years the entire incident served as an Ull- later a young missionary named Lowe, mistakable indication that God had led was passing through that district to them directly to the right place, and open up new work. As he approached He had "helped them to know it."– one kraal the people came thronging Christian Observer. to meet him with shouts and excite- ment, which left him in doubt whether Presbyterians at the Front they meant peace or war.

ONE-THIRD of the members of all Soon two elderly men came forward Christian churches in the Kongo and said: are in missions conducted by the Southern Presbyterian Church. The popula- "We knew God would send us a mistion of the four stations in which this sionary. All these years we've been church is working-namely, Luebo, praying for a teacher to come, and Ibanche, Mutoto, and Lusambo-is every day we have watched this trail 1,700,000. Sixteen ordained ministers for him." and one physician, 2 single women and J4 women who are wives of missionaries, Zulu Politics and Mission. making a total of 33, are engaged in this work. The total number of com- REV. JOHN L. DUEE, the founder municants in all the churches of this of the Zulu Christian Industrial mission is IO,360. The total number School, is now president of the "South of the Christians in the entire Kongo IS African Native National Congress," an only 30,000. From this will be seen organization which represents the interhow great is the responsibility of the ests of ten million natives in South Southern Church for the work on the Africa. These natives have no direct Kongo. representation in the Parliament, and they have recently elected Mr. Dube Waiting 25 Years for a Missionary to lead a deputation of six men to go to England and appeal to the King for REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, a mis- the repeal of the Natives' Land Act sionary in South Africa, says that which has been passed by the South many years ago two men from the African Parliament. This Act prac- Blaauw Berge Range traveled 700 miles tically reduces many natives to serfdom to Port Elizabeth, where they worked by forbidding them to buy or lease land on the docks shoveling coal by day, and except as servants to European landattending the Wesleyan mission school owners. Such legislation can not fail evenings. They were both converted, to hinder greatly native progress, as it baptized, and joined the church. prevents the development of home life and takes away the highest incentives When, after three years, the time to industry, thrift and education. came for their return to their own people, they asked _the missionary if he Mr. Dube's political work has brought would not send a teache'r to their him into contact with many influential country. chiefs, who have been eager to com- mit their suns and daughters to the He promised them he would do his care of his Christian school at Olange. best and send them the first missionary In the superintendent's absence, this available. But the years wore on and school has been in charge of Mr. the mls'slOnaries were few, and each Charles L. Dube, who has proved an one was needed elsewhere more than

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efficient manager. The number of proportion would have given China pupils has made enlargement impera- six), one would suppose that our young tive, since the Government inspector women would be eager to avail them- recently said that if the school was to selves of this unique opportunity to retain Government aid, a larger chapel combine the experience of life in a must be built. A girls' dormitory has foreign land with the possibility 0 f just been constructed at the cost of helping forward a movement of such $7,500, and money must now be secured great significance.

for a chapel and a trade building. It is strange that it does not meet Books for the library, an endowment with great response from Christian fund and scholarships are also needed. American girls who are eager for a The buildings are erected entirely by share in big and important things. One native labor, and the boys of the school board needs twenty-five young women do much of the work which would be to go at once and fill places where his- a credit even to skilled white labor. tory is visibly enacting before the eyes, The other departments of the school and where they would have a share in are proving a boon to the natives, and shaping permanent civilization. This a recent visit from Rev. David Russell, board has been searching for a lon-; an evangelist, led to the conversion of time, in many places, but still these forty boys. Many former pupils hold places are unfilled.

important positions 111 various parts Islam Turning to the Lord of South Africa.

MOSLEM LANDS A MISSIONARY who has traveled much in Moslem lands, writes: Recent Statistics "The day has come for the redemption I,ROFESSOR D. WESTERMANN of Islam. Two hundred million people, and Dr. S. M. Zwemer collaborate one-seventh of the world's population, burdened with the accumulated superin producing aNew Statistical Surve) stition, stagnation and oppression of J ,300 years, are beholding a new of Mohammedanism, wherein they give vision. The old system has had its day, and has become effete and worthless. the figures in great detail, the summary Millions are plunging into a deepcr of which is: TOTAL UNDER CRRIS- TIAN RULE Asia 156,690, II <> 123,69°,310 night over the precipice of doubt. The Africa 42,039,349 41,836,344 political events of the past eighteen Europe 2,373,676 I,373,676 months in the Moslem world have fore- America 174,061 174,061 shadowed the collapse of the Ottoman Australia 19,500 19,500 Empire and the social disintegration of . the Moslem's religion. There is abun- Total 201,296,696 167,093,89 1 dant evidence that this conviction is strengthening in countries where Islam Teacher. Needed in Turkey has been supreme. The downfall of the YOUNG TURKEY has awakened to supremacy of the state carries with it the need for education and is will· the dissolution of the Koran faith.

ing that its women should have their where they have been one and insepa- share, and the young women are eager rable. The loss of Morocco, Tripoli, the to be taught. There is an opening for Aegean Isles and Turkey in Europe has teachers who will go for periods of shocked the dominion of the Sultan.

two, three and five years. With 54,546 Failure in diplomacy, bankruptcy in girls of college trainin~ (the same finance, and the loss of 7,500,000 sub-

jects have destroyed the prestige of an interesting trip in that region last Islam as a church. Its strongest sup- summer. The Caucasus is next door porters are dazed and unnerved by to Asia Minor, and the peoples of the this sudden blow. Revolution III two are quite similar and quite intimate Arabia and Persia, with serious dis- in their relations'. We are within the sension in the home government, threat- RU5sian sphere of influence in Turkey. en disaster, so that people on the streets A good many workmen go over tile not only in London, but in Beirut and border for a time, and come back with Damascus-now discuss the partition of Russian money in one pocket and a these countries among European na- Russian transport in another. I was tions. surprized to find so many evangelicals in the Caucasus-Lutherans, Baptists, Chaos in "European Turkey" Molokans, Armenians, and perhaps others. There is a real Gospel leaven W HAT was once described as Euro- there, especially in many Armenian pean Turkey continues to be a communities, wilere a connection is center of angry strife among the im- traced with the Paulicians of early pUlsive peoples of different races who make up the population of the nations, Christian history."-Rev. G. E. White. and between the governments of the different nations. What is to be the INDIA outcome of the Albanian uprising is not yet apparent. The attitude of Turkey Creat JOY in Christianity and Greece toward each other appears to promise renewal of waf. Turkey TO show the power of a truly Chrisis unwilling that Greece should retain the territory which fell to her as spoils tian life, the Rev. W. Booth, who of the Balkan war. Both nations are is in charge of the northern division oi in the market for warships of modern the Tamil Coolie Mission, Kandy, retype. This may be interpreted as im- lates the following: The father of a lad plying purposes of reprisal, or it may named Stephen who was baptized in mean, as our statesmen declare is the 19II, went to the catechist after he had result of our dreadnaught extravagance, preached at "muster," one day, and an assurance of peace. Greece has said: "Sire, there· is a great joy 111 paid $r,250,000 for a cruiser which had Christianity. I opprest my son so been built by Americans for the Chinese much for becoming a Christian, yet he Government. Greece would also buy did not leave off going to church or two American warships, the Idaho and worshiping God. Before he became a the Mississippi, if Congress will con- Christian there were always complaints sent in a bill now pending. Greece about him on the estate, and he was is further represented as negotiating very wicked; but now there is not a for two dreadnaughts being built at word against him. He does not touch New York for Argentine. Turkey has liquor. Tho we hate him much, he just bought a Brazil dreadnaught which obeys and loves us. The present life he is building in a British shipyard. leads is wonderful. What is the cause of all this?" The catechist explained "A The Caucasian Provinces to him the state of the sinner and his GREAT part of the Armenians end-salvation through Christ; and the are scattered through the Cau- eternal joy in heaven. The father casus provinces of Russia, and I had said: "Through ignorance I walked in the wrong path of eternal perdition.

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Open Door for Untouchables terian Church of America. A college, a theological seminary, four high- BISHOP F. W. WARNE writes: schools, 20 lower schools and four "Imagine yourself in the heart hospitals are included in their equipof India, and surrounded by sixty mil- ment. lions of people capable of Anglo- Saxon development, and then weigh The people are increasingly open to these facts: Hinduism, through a num- the Gospel. Rev. W. T. Anderson ber of active organizations, is exerting says that where two years ago they itself to save the people of India for were stoned in Hazro, one of the large Hinduism, and is using two powerful. cities visited, and last year the oppoweapons-one, intense persecution if sition was strong, this year a banker they become Christians; the other, of- asked the missionaries to open a school. fering to lift them into caste privileges The missionary went-preached in two if they remain in Hinduism. Moham- banks, the police station and the home medans, to get them into their fold, of the magistrate, and in the bazaar. are using the enthusiasm and fanaticism that has caused Mohammedanism to The need of Christian education is conquer and spread so mightily. Over clearly indicated in the Indian opinion against 250,000 Hindus and Moham- of women, revealed in the proverb: medans who are now waking to the "Woman is a great whirlpool of susurgency of the situation, all the Chris- picion, a dwelling-place of vice, full of tians in India are but a little company. deceit, a hindrance in the way of Both Hindus and Mohammedans rec- heaven, the gate of hell." The diffiognize now that if these millions ac- culty of reaching the women, so decept Christianity and Christian educa- spised by men, is noted by Miss Cortion in India, the land will become bett, one of the missionaries, who says: Christian. In the findings of the recent "We stayed for a little while in the National Conference in India are found street, where some women gathered these significant statements: "The wide- about us, but a man came along and spread movements toward Christianity drove them away with a whip." When among the deprest classes of Hindu some of them had listened to Christ's society and many of the aboriginal invitation to the "weary and heavy tribes during the last fifty years have laden," they turned away, saying, recently assumed greater proportions, "There is no such good newS' for and have thus opened a great door women in our religion." of opportunity for the Christian Church. There are about fifty millions of these There are, however, many incidents people. and the experience of the past to show that the Gospel is bringing has shown that in many parts of India new light and hope. In one year the they are extraordinarily open to the United Presbyterians alone received message of the Gospel. There are also nearly three thousand in the Panjab many indications that the movements mission on confession of faith, and now among these classes are spreading to they have a Christian community of the caste people. over fifty thousand.

A New Edition of Judson's Dictionary Progress in the Panjab IT is highly appropriate for this cen- tennial year that the Baptist mission AMONG the forces working for the press at Rangoon should be publishing transformation of the five million a new ediion of Judson's Burmese Dicpeople of the Panjab in India, are the tionary, enlarged by the late R. C. 75 missionaries of the United Presby-

Stevenson, a Government official. Dr. China, however, our population would Evelyth, of the Baptist Missi::m, is re- be over 600,000,000. sponsible for the final revision. This press has grown to the point that its Cheering Si&ns of the Times annual gross business amounts to $I40,- DR. W. E. STRONG writes in the 000. Its last report showed the publi- cation of 76 titles during the year, May number of The Missionary 49 of which were religious literature Herald: "China has moved. She has and 20 school books. The languages been compelled to see and hear new used are Burmese Karen, Talain, things. There is a new spirit asti~J:' Kachin, Taungthu and English. many of her boys and girls are slowly being educated to a broader and nobler Lowering the Flag of Paganism view of life. Some of her people, al- together a good many, are enfranchised T HE Rev. William Peters of the from old bondage, but the task is little N ortll India Methodist Mission more than be.sun. China has not yet, writes: in the mass of her life, clearly broken with her past. The great body of her "'Recently I visited the work on people cling dully to the old ways. At Ujhani circuit where lives an old Nanking, the Y. M. C. A., following- Hindu more than seventy years of age. up certain ministrations of aid rendered A~l llis life be bad been an idolator after the revolution to the abandoned and had done everything in his power literati of that ancient educational cento prevent the spread of Christianity. ter, opened for them some Bible classes, He built a great heathen altar in front sending invitations to those whose of his house, and hoisted over it a names they had. Out of 600 so adlarge pagan banner. Revival meetiugs drest 300 were on hand the first Sun· were held by the Christians in this vil- day; the number has now grown to 500. lage. The power of God took hold The teachers are Chinese students in of his soul and he pulled down his flag, the Union Theological Seminary conbroke down the altar, and with all his nected with Nanking University. This heart accepted Jesus Christ as his sa- university has another lar.::e group of these literati enrolled in its normal . " YlOr. school, where under Christian influences they are being prepared to teach again CHINA in China's new clay. It is such reports that one gets everywhere he goes-defi- Population of the Republic: nite facts as to new lines 0 f approach, new influences set in motion, a fresh T HE most recent and, iri fact, the zest to the old tasks." only trustworthy enumeration of the population of China shows that in T Chinese Break with Idols the limits of China proper there are HE Shanghai District Conference 302,000,000 people six y2ars old and was held recent'y at Tsaung Lien over. When those under six years arc Daung. At the love feast on Sunday, added, it brings the population up to a man testified to the great blessing he ahout 320,000,000. Taking the country had received during the conference. Beas a whole, the density of poplllatlUn fore, he had been a sorcerer and ma'ie averages that of the State of New his living by selling paper gods. When York, or 208 to the square mile. In he finished his testimony the presiding some provinces it is greater, but in elder asked him if he was not willing some parts of the country the popula- to give up his old trade. He said he tion is relatively as sparse as that of Maine. If the United States had as many people to the square mile as

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was, and went home at once, brought Society, the Methodist Protestant and his entire stock of idols, and burned the North Chihli Missions. them before us all. Some one asked him how much they cost him and he re- Multiplication of Girl.' Schools plied a half month's rice for himself and family. The presiding elder made T HE first school for Chinese girls up the money to reimburse him, but he was opened by Miss Aldersey of "-ifused to take it, saying it would be the Society for Promoting Female Eduno sacrifice for Christ if he allO~ed us cation in the East, in 1844. One of her to repay him; that if we would only first pupils, Mrs. Lai-sun, was present permit him to sell Bibles he would he at the centenary of Protestant missions perfectly happy, and thought he and his in China, in Shanghai in 1907. The family would not suffer. From an idd pioneer girls' schools in China were vendor to a Bible colporteur. As the missionaries' schools, and, as a rule, the flames which consumed the empty vani- children were the poorest of the poor, ties died away we all stood around anll whose parents had to be bribed to send sang, "Onward Christian Soldiers," and them by promises of food and clothing– that bugle blast of the living God meant homeless foundlings whom none but the more than it ever meant before. The missionaries wanted, and despised little elders of the city turned over the City slave girls. By degrees in the boarding- Temple to us for the evening evangel- schools the girls themselves began to do istic service for men. Think of it! something toward their support; the The Gospel preached within the very course of study became broader, and it shrines of heathenism! The preach'ers became manifest to an ever-increasing stood on the side of the temple opposite number of the Chinese that women not the idols, and facing them, while in be- only could be taught, but were the bettween stood some 400 men quietly, in- ter for being so. Nevertheless, fc'r fifty tently listening to the story of Jesus. years the education of girls was left Their backs to the idols, their faces practically entirely to the missionaries. toward the Gospel-that is prophetic In 1898, a pioneer girls' school was of the future of this great nation. Can established by the Chinese in Shanghai, anyone refrain from exclaiming with over thirty carefully framen lules, "Hallelujah! The Lord God Omnipo- and partly under the tutoral care of tent reigneth." "learned women" from mission schools, probably because no others could be Kalgan Burned by Troops found equally competent in Western subjects. But the Empress Dowager A DISPATCH from Shanghai s'ays frowned upon it, and within two years that the town of Kalgan, 125 miles it had been close,d. To a certain extent, northwest of Peking, was sacked, but however, the views of the Empress the foreigners in the city were not changed with the times; for a few years harmed. The Chinese garrison at Kal- later she summoned Dr. Headland of gan, composed of 6,000 soldiers, are Peking University to her, and giving said to have mutinied and then looted him a chair inquired at length into the and burned the city, killing all who re- system of female education in America. sisted them. "I have heard," she said, "that in your honorable country all the girls are The population of Kalgan is estimated taught to read." "Quite so, your at 70,000. There are five missionaries Majesty." "And are they taught the in the city, which is a walled town of same branches of study as the boys?" Chihli Province. The missIOnaries "In the public schools they are." "I wish represent the British and Foreign Bible

very much that the girls in China might make permanent the Sunday-s·chool also be taught." Yuan Shih Kai, then Splrlt and impulse which may be genthe progressive viceroy of the province erated in Japan by the Tokyo Convenof Chihli, pushed schools for girls in tion. Rev. Horace E. Coleman, of the his territory with great energy, and they Friends' Mission, who was chairman of have since mUltiplied throughout the the committee of arrangements for the empire. The great difficulty was to find Heinz Oriental Tour Party of the teachers, and one suspects that a World's Sunday-school Association, has women's normal school opened by been chosen Sunday-school educational Chinese with the avowed purpose of secretary for Japan. This' is a new furnishing "quickly made teachers" was office, whose purpose is to develop a not a real success. Sunday-school l~adership in Japan among the students of theological semi- Preaching the "Foreign Doctrine" naries, Sunday-schools, and other Chris- tian institutions. IN one of the cities of the Peking dis- trict, the district superintendent was Eminent Japanese in Sunday-school greatly interested to be told that the magistrate of the district was preaching MANY influential Japanese in Korea the "foreign doctrine." He had issued are now becoming Sunday-school a proclamation prohibiting the opium scholars. An encouraging result of one traffic and gambling, and was exhorting of the conferences held in Japan and the people to abandon idolatry and foot- Korea by the World's Sunday-school binding, declaring them to be foolish Commission to the Orient last year has and hurtful. He had also opened a just been reported in a letter from Dr. reading-room in the city, supplyin~ it H. G. Underwood, of Seoul. As a rewith magazines and daily papers, and sult of a conference the members o·f had made arrangements for teachers to the Presbyterian Japanese church in read and explain them to those who Seoul were caUed together, and the head could not read for themselves, but who of the national forestry department, were sufficiently interested to come and after addressing aU the members of the listen. Some of the leading literati go church, announced that he was going to there regularly to preach reforms. One become a scholar in the Sunday-school. in particular is very earnest and en- Judge Watanabe, of the Court of Apthusiastic on the subject of reforming peals, made the same announcement. As evil customs, and commends the church a result, a large number of the memfor advocating doctrines that benefit bers of the church are now also memthe people. bers of the Sunday-school.

JAPAN-KOREA Japanese in Rescue Mission Wark Training Sunday-school Leaders T HERE is an Episcopalian church in pLANS are being considered ·for the Tokyo, called "The True Light Church," which is carrying on a striking- erection in Japan of an educational ly successful rescue work. building of unique character. To meet the need of trained Sunday-school lead- Mr. Kagawa, a Presbyterian, is carryership, the World's Sunday-school Asso- ing on a similar work in the Shinkawa ciation purposes to erect, as part of the slum in Kobe, and in this unpromising proposed Tokyo Christian University field a chnrch of fifty Christians has been system, a school of Sunday-school meth- won, many of these being persons of od, similar to the Hartford School of unusual activity and s·piritual power. The Religious Pedagogy at Hartford, Conn. Sunday morning worship is held at five This school will s.erve admirably to o'clock, as the only really quiet time

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

in the day! Mr. Kagawa and his con- ISLAND WORLD verts preach nearly every night in the week.-Record of Christian Work. T Good News from Papua HE London Missionary Society re- A Special Commission on Japan ports: N early all our Papuan work during A NOTABLE step has been taken by the last year gives the impressio"n that the Federal Council of the Churches it is trembling on the verge either of a of Christ in America in the appointment wonderful new epoch of progress or of of a Commib'sion on American Relations mountainous difficulty. The evidence with Japan. seems throughout to be in the more hopeful direction. The adult Papuan, The scope of its service is defined as who has hithe~to been quite immovable the "study of the question of the appli- for the most part, has now come to the cation of the teachings of Christ to our position that "the old life is as good as relations with Japan, and the promotion gone," and that his children must be of such influences and activities as shall allowed to live in the newer environlead to the right relationship between the ment. This is all to the good, but the peoples of these two countries." extraordinary swiftness of the com- mercial development of Papua in rubber This action has been taken, after due and cocoanut plantations and in other deliberation by a preliminary Committee, directions has come upon the people in response to memorials received from almost immediately after the introduc- American missionaries in Japan, and tion of Christianity, whereas the South among the fifteen members already ap- Sea Christianity has had generations in pointed are Bishop F. J. McConnell, which to exercise its influence. Some Hamilton Holt, of The Independent, of the missionaries, therefore, naturally Robert E. Speer, Dr. William I. Haven, tremble at the possible effects of the Prof. Jeremiah W. Jenks, and Dr. John commercialism. R. Matt, A Marvelous Change in Samoa The Federal Council has made arrangements for Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, MORE than sixty years ago two of the Doshisha University, to speak Samoan Christians contemplated to before representative bodies in leading evangelize Niue, or Savage Island. They American cities. were seized, their clothing was torn off in order to see the color of. their skin, Child Evangelism in Korea and the fowls and pigs brought with them were butchered and eaten, but the ' HE revival spirit which dominates Book which they carried and with which T the new converts of Korea has they seemed to converse frightened the savages. They thought it had magic caught even the Korean children. The powers, and feared to kill those under Sunday-school children are gathering in its protection. Seven years later there from the streets the boys and girls who was a strong church on that island. In are non-Christians. This is a new de- 1861 the Gospel of Mark was translated. parture for Korea, for until recently only When it was brought from England the the children of Christian parents were natives sat up the whole first night in the Sunday-school. Under the leader- reading it. During recent years the ship of Rev. M. L. Swinehart, Rev. J. natives of the island have maintained a G. Holdcroft, Dr, Underwood, Dr. Noble number of evangelists in New Guinea, and others, the campaign for bringing who come home at intervals and, telling in the heathen boys and girls has been going on aggressiV"ely. Over 2,500 were brought into the Sunday-school in the Southern Presbyterian Mission alone, through the efforts of Mr. Swinehart.

of the blessings of God on their work, Esq.: "Fully prepared to come, but destrengthen the faith of their brethren. tained to settle motor-car transaction." A farthing, who had been sitting un- MISCEUANEOUS noticed between two halfpennies, said he had been brought to the meeting by Let the Pessimist Take Note a poor widow who, tho she could "LET those who think Christianity is ill spare his services, gladly gave him up out of love. a spent force ponder the following: When Carey, the first Protestant mis- OBITUARY sionary of the world, went to India, the Robertson of Erromanga whole number of nominal Christians in the world was about 200,000,000. Now ERROMANGA, an island of the New there are 500,000,000. When he, in the Hebrides, has well been called "the eighteenth century, went out from Chris- martyr isle." John WilliamS' was the tendom as a missionary to the dark world first missionary to fall a victim to the of heathendom, the population of the cannibal inhabitants. A few years world waS' about one thousand millions. later, George M. Gordon and his wife, It is now supposed to be about fifteen Canadian mIssIonaries, were both hundred millions, which is only another killed, and as soon as the news reached way of saying that while the population home, his brother, James Gordon, ofof the world has increased during this fered to take his place. He also, was period 50 per cent, Christianity has in- killed. The subsequent history of Ercreased 150 per cent, and the ratio shows romanga has, however, been unsurthat the cause of Christ advanced more passed as a testimony to the transwithin the past 25 yearS' than it did in the forming power of the Gospel. From 75 years preceding. Our God is march- the false and cruel Erromangans, sining on." cere and loving Christians have been made. The Meeting of the Coins After James Gordon's death, Rev. H. AN allegory in the Outlook tells of A. Robertson went out from Nova a "special meeting of coins held Scotia and has been in the island for in the offertory plate." The pennies many years, gathering a rich harvest. attended in large numbers, and the When he started home this year on three-penny pieces were well represent- furlough, he left an island wholly ed. The chairman, a three-penny piece, Christianized and so changed that the was understood to have attended offer- spot where once a stranger would have tory-plate meeting in every part of the been killed and eaten, has become a Metropolis. Several sixpences and safe place of residence for the unproshillings stated that altho they had tected women of his own family. been in the habit of fattening offertory meetings with fair regularity, they had Dr. Robertson died on his way home, of late been so much employed at the and with his death, a chapter in the cinematograph shows, even on Sun- missionary annals of the New Hebdays, that they, too, found it increas- rides has been closed. ingly difficult to attend the offertory. One sovereign wrote that he was so Some years ago it was' decided that incessantly required at the golf-c1uh, in view of the distance of the New that he had retired from offertory-plate Hebrides from Canada and their comduties, but hoped occasionally to send parative nearness to Australia, no more his half-brother in his place. A tele- Canadian missionaries would be apgram was received from A. Cheque, pointed to that field after those who were still living had finished their work. That time has l)OW come.

/.fi1, BOOKS ON

AND .~// MISSION LANDS How Europe was Won for Christianity. Heroes of the Faith in Modern Italy. By Being the Life-Stories of the Men con- cerned in its Conquest. By M. Wilma J. S. Anderson. Illustrated. lZmo. Stubbs. Illustrated. 8vo. 309 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Com- 115 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Pickering & Inglis, pany, 1913. Glasgow; Gospel Publishing House, Binghamton, N. Y., 1914. "History is an excellent cordial for drooping spirits." It is good for the Those who think of Italy only as the courage of those who are in the heat home of Romanism and of art, and of of to-day's conflict to realize that the the Italians as Papists and "Dagos," alternations of victory and apparent de- have much to learn from this little feat, the problems and difficulties of book. It is a collection of eleven biotheir own campaign have marked the graphical sketches of modern Chris- Christian conquest of the world in all tians who have left Romanism to find ages, and that in spite of obstacles the religious life and liberty in Protestant far-flung battle line is advancing ever faith. Among the most noteworthy nearer to the gates of the enemy and biographies is that of Rossetti, the the final triumph. To tell the story of Italian Christian poet. It is a good this conquest in the lives of its heroes book to place in the hands of any who is an effective method. The first part do not see a reason why men and of the book relates to the missionaries women should leave the Church of who brought the Gospel to Europe, but, Rome in order to live a full Christian a~ the author wisely says, "Europe was life. not truly won for Christianity until she was awakened to 'the marching orders' The Evolution of a Missionary. By Charof her Commander," and the record of lotte B. De Forest. Introduction by that slow awakening completes the nar- Prof. Harlan P. Beach, D.D. Illusrative. trated. 8vo 309 pp. $1.50, net. Flem- ing H Revell Co., 1914. The life-stories of the bearers of "the lamp of Christ" into. dark places- Rev. John H. De Forest, of whom this from Paul the Apostle to William biography treats, was' for thirty-seven Carey-are adequately told, and the years in Japan as a missionary of the honor-roll includes the names of many American board. He was gifted and ,,,ho have been too little recognized by faithful, a scholar and a saint, interthe Christian Church. Ulfilas, Pat- ested in the progress of Japan and ricius, Ninian and Kentigern, Columba. especially in the advancement of Chrio- Paulinus and Eadwine, Aedan and tianity. Miss De Forest's story of her Cuthbert, the laborers in Friedland, the father's life is an entertaining and immartyrs of Bohemia and the Black pressive record of the inception and Forest-these "companions of Christ," growth of his missionary spirit and and others of like preciQus faith, turned convictions, and a faithful record of his Europe from heathen altars to serve achievements. The book has many helpful lessons to young missionaries the living God. and while Dr. De Forest was not very conservative in theology, he was eminently Christlike in. character and

service. The first missIOnary seed Buddhism. Dr. Neve's work in Kashseems to have been planted through mir compares favorably with that of his father's prayers and, this was de- Dr. Pennell on the borders of Afghaniveloped later when he confest Christ stan. as a soldier in the army and bore fruit in a spiritual awakening in his Recruits for World Conquest. By Lee R. first parish at Mount Carmel, Con- Scarborough. 12mo. 124 pp. 7S cents. necticut. Fleming H. Revell Co" 1914. The missionary call is unheard only Dr. De Forest was the son of William Albert Hyde and took the name by the spiritually deaf. Professor of De Forest with the Yale scholar- Scarborough of the Southwestern Bapship under that name. He went with tist Theological Seminary, has heard his wife to Japan in 1874, and settled the Call and has seen the vision of in Osaka. Later he removed to Sendai the world's need. He here describes and engaged in educational work. His in a ringing message what he has missionary days were eventful and heard and seen-the dearth of men for fruitful and many interesting inci- the ministry at home and abroad; the dents, enliven the narrative. Its sane need of a larger response, the preparaand wholesome record will bring any tion needed for service; the qualificareader into sympathetic touch with tions of a successful messenger, and nlIsslOnary life, with its trials and the rewards of sacrifice. This is a joy's, its temptations and opportunities, book that should be in the hands of its disappointments and successes. students and of fathers whose sons The book makes an especially strong may be called out for service in the appeal to thinking men who are inter- Master's Kingdom. ested in human progress. The God Juggernaut and Hinduism in In- Beyond the Panjab. By Dr. Ernest F. dia. By Jeremiah Zimmerman. Illus- Neve. Illustrated. 8vo. 178 pp. 25.6d., trated, 8vo. 319 pp. $1.50, net. Flem- net. Church Missionary Society, Lon- ing H. Revell Co., 1914. don, 1914. Hinduism must be seen in its home Dr. Neve is one of the foremost and studied in its sacred books in order medical missionaries of the Church of that it may be understood in practise England in India, and this new and and in theory. The beauties of Hinpopular edition of this highly esteemed duism are in some of its ideals and work is most welcome. His twenty- sacred laws, but these are obliterated five years of medical work in Kashmir by the practises that daily destroy has been exceedingly fruitful and the beauty and happiness and purity in the changes he has seen in the spirit of the lives of its devotees. Dr. Zimmerman people, is very marked. The illustra- does not by any means present the tions from photographs are excellent, most attractive sides of this manythe descriptions of country and people sided system of ethnic religion, but are most entertaining and the stories he tells graphically and plainly some of mission work are unusually impres- of the things he saw on his 5,000 sive. It is a volume that holds the miles of travel in India and that he reader's interest and is a strong argu- learned from the study of the sacred ment for the effectiveness of medical books. Many of the things he saw missions under the control of 'a Chris- were too indecent to describe, but he tian physician. The great contest in tells enough to prove to the most Kashmir is against Mohammedanism, charitable, the need of regeneration for but there is also some conflict with India and the Indians.

This book is an excellent side-light

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

for the study of missions. It contains story of medical missions and of travel full descriptions of the. God Juggernaut in Kenia province-a district near to with the temples and festivals at Puri; the east coast. She describes the the sacred precincts and unholy prac- growth of the Christian church and tises at Benares, Cocanada and other of British influence, and gives many cities; the customs connected with interesting details in connection with caste and temple worship; the char- the work of the missionary in com- acteristics of the sacred books and the bating superstition, healing diseases, contrast between Christianity and other training minds and saving souls. With world religions. While Dr. Zimmer- sympathetic heart, a keen mind and man's volume is not a valuable con- skillful pen, Mrs. Crawford has given tribution to the study of religion in us a most realistic account of life in India it is a most interesting and im- East Africa, and one that will well re- pressive picture of the view that pay the reading. Modern Hinduism presents to the intelligent traveler and reader of its Three Boys. By Janet Sinclair. 12mo. literature. Illustrated. 191 pp. Is. 6d. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Asia at the Door. By K. K. Kawakami. London, 1914. Illustrated. Svo. 269 pp. $1.50, net. The three boys became interested in Fleming H. Revell Co., 1914. . The question of the Japanese in the missions by hearing about foreign lands and peoples from three missionaries. United States is a vital one of very It is a good book for boys to read, and present interest. It has to do not only one that will dispel the idea that miswith the admission and rights of sionaries are dull and ul1soldlerlike. Japanese in America, but with the The style is boyish, and the statements whole future relationship between the are convincing to any earnest reader. two important nations on the two sides of the Pacific-and possibly the When God Came Down to Earth. By question of peace or war. Indirectly Rev. Grant Stroh. Introduction by missionary progress in Japan is in- Rev. James M. Gray, D.D. 12mo. 220 volved in the attitude of a so-called pp. $1.25, net. Bible Institute Col- Christian nation to one in the state portage Association, Chicago, 1914. of religious unrest and transition. The remedy for social evils and· the Mr. Kawakami, the author of prescription for an ideal world, pre- "American-Japanese Relations," writes sented by the Socialist and by the English fluently and makes a strong Christian, are radically different. The plea for the recognition of the rights one bases his hope in men and in reforof his countrymen and the extension mation, and in the enforcement of law; to them of the privileges of the open the other believes that the only hope door in America. It is exceedingly is in God, in regeneration and in the wholesome to read this book, in order gift of Eternal Life. Herein lies the to see the Japanese point of view. difference between two missIOnaries often sent out by the same board. One By the Equator's Snowy Peak. By E. works with material forces,· through May Crawford. Preface by the Bishop the environment, and tries to improve of Mombasa. Illustrated. 8vo. 175 existing conditions by changing exter- Dp. 2s. 6d., net. Church Missionary nals; the other works by the spiritual Society, London, 1914. forces through the inner nature and British East Africa is famous be- aims to change conditions by the in- troduction of a new principle of life. cause of the remarkable progress of There is need for both kinds of work, Christianity and civilization in Uganda. but for permanent transformation, our In this volume Mrs. Crawford gives the

[August .

dependence must be on a new birth Heroes of the Farthest North and Far. thest South. By J. K. McLean. 50 through the Spirit of God. cents, net. Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York, 1914. Mr. Stroh gives here a study of the Horizon of American Missions. By J. N. epochal crisis of the earth and God's McNash. $1.00, net. Fleming H. methods of dealing with man. It is a Revell Co., New York, 1914.

good antidote to many modern man- Winning Men to Christ. By Rev. Rob- ert L. Selle, D.D. 50 cents. Pentemade vagaries. costal Pub. Co., Louisville, Ky., 1914.

The Great Acceptance. The Life Story Missionary Programs and Incidents. of F. N. Charrington. By Guy Thorne. Second Series of "Five Missionary Illustrated. 8vo. 272 pp. $1.00. Hod- Minutes." 50 cents. Missionary Edu- der & Stoughton, London and New cation Movement, New York, 1914. York, 1914. Here is an inspiring story unskilfully The American Japanese Problem. By Sidney L. Gulick, D.D., M.A. Illustold. Frederick N. Charrington is the trated. $1.75. nct. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1914. son of a millionaire brewer in East The Hand of a Cruel Lord. By George London, who gave up his inheritance Innes. 25 cents. United Presbyterian Pub. Society, Pittsburgh, 1914. and his business prospects for con- The Last Frontier. By E. Alexander science sake. From a home of wealth Powell. $3.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1914. and luxury he went to live in simple PAMPHLETS lodgings among the poor of the East An Ideal Missionary Volunteer. A Sketch End, and there devoted himself to the of the Life and Character of William Vhiting Borden. By Rev. Charles R. cause of temperance and Christian Erdman, D.D. 6d., net. The Secretary, South Africa General Mission, Wimbleevangelism. Why he made the choice don, S.W., London, 1914.

and with what results, is told sympa- Missionary Vocation and the Declaration of the Student Volunteer Missionary thetically and with many interesting de- Union. By Tissington Tatlow, M.A. 35 pp. Student Christian Movement, tails. The author's personality is some- London, 1914.

what too prominent and the quotations Maps of Missions. American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, from other writers are not always Boston, 1914.

skilfully introduced. There is, how- Foreign Missions Conference of North America. Being the Report of the ever, much of heroism, of romance and Twenty-first Conference of Foreign Missions Boards in the United States of inspiration in this story of faith, and Canada at Garden City, New York, January 14-16, 1914. 20 cents. Foreign courage, and achievement. Missions Conference, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1914. NEW BOOKS Missions of the Dutch Reformed Church The Gods of India. A Brief Description of South Africa. 3d. General Mission of Their History, Character, and Wor- Secretary, Stellenbosch, Cape Province, ship. By the Rev. E. Osborn Martin. South Africa, 1912. Illustrated. 12mo. 330 pp. 4s. 6d., net. E P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1914. Around the World with a Pocketbook. Why I Should Invest in Presbyterian A Central African Parish. By Egbert C. Foreign Missions. Board of Foreign Hudson, M.A. Illustrated. 16mo. 96 Missions of the Presbyterian Church, pp. Paper cover. Is., net. W. Heffer New York, 1914. & Sons, Ltd., Cambridge, England, 1914. "Glorious Liberty." The Story of a Hun- dred Years' Work of the Jamaica Ihp- The Study of the English Bible. By Louis tist Mission. By Leonard Tucker, Matthews Sweet, M.A., S.T.D. 12mo. M.A. Illustrated, 8vo, 168 pp. 25., 214 pp. $1.00. Association Press, New net. The Carey Pres~, London, 1914. York, 1914. The American Jewioo Year Book 5674, The Coming and the Kingdom of Christ. October 2, 1913, to September 20, 1914. A Stenographic Report of the Pro- Edited by Herbert Friedenwald and H. phetic Bible Conference held at the G. Friedman. Illustrated, 620 pp. $1.00, Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, Feb- net. The Jewish Publication Society of ruary 24-27, 1914. Including a List of America, Philadelphia, 1913. Some Exponents of Premillennialism. 8vo. 252 pp. Paper cover, 50 cents; cloth cover. $1..00, net. Bible Institute Colportage Association, Chicago, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1912

MISSIONARY SCENES IN SIAM AND

1. Moslem Pilgrims from Java. 8. Statue of a yak (giant), Royal Temple, Bangkok.

2. Mission schoolgirls and missionaries , Laka wn 9. l1issionaries traveEng through Indo-China.

3. Siamese chIldren playing in the hal vest field. 10. A Laos Christian man and wife, helpers in Praa.

4. Some Javanese women. 11. A non-christian Siamese from the jungle.

5. Chieng lIai Hospital, North Siam. 12. Scene on bank of river Lakawn.

6. Going up the river in Siam. 13. Catafalque being drawn to place of cremation. 14. A Christian Laos man, Ai Kaow. 7. A favorite mode of travel in Siam.

15. Lepers in Penang .Asylum, Straits Settlements.

®The Missionary

of the World VOL. XXXV. No.5. MAY, 1912 "OL. xxv. Ko. 5. Old Series lvr C7V Series Signs of the Times RELIGIOUS LIBERTY FOR CHINA so far as he understooel the principles of Christianity they were what he OR some years 111is- was striving for in the republic. He asked that his words regarding remF sionaries have enjoyed ligious liberty be passed on to the more or less religious pastors and Christians throughout liberty in their work China and promised to send a rep- in China, but the Gov- resentative to the thanksgiving serv- ernment being under ice to carry his message to the Christhe full control of the State re- tian churches. The services were ligion, there has always been more held in the largest church in Peking, or less restriction in Christian wor- on the afternoon of February 26th, ship and teaching. Now it seems and the building was crowded. The certain that Church and State will message of President Yuan was read be entirely separated. in both English and Chinese by Dr. Yen, a member of the Board of For- President Yuan Shi Kai has given eign Control, a Christian graduate of assurance of religious liberty. Soon the University of Virginia, who was after the edict of abdication was an- for a time president of the North nounced, the native pastors of the China American College Club. Protestant churches of Peking arranged for a union thanksgiving As spokesman for the Chinese service, to which they invited the Presiden{, Dr. Yen commended the President, Yuan Shi Kai. He ex- work of the missions in charity and prest his desire for an interview, and education, and said that they had four Chinese pastors, representing the won golden opinions from all classes Presbyterian, Methodist and Congre- of society, that the prejudice and misgational missions, were received v,ith understanding which formerly existed honor. President Yuan told them re- had gradually disappeared. In the peatedly that under the new govern- past Christian missions have been the ment they might expect perfect freedom of worship. He intimated that * The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEWJ but do not acknowledge responsibility for upinions exprest, or positions taken by conh-ibutors of signed articles in these pages,-EOITOR. subject of treaty arrangement, thus that China has had that is worthy taking on a diplomatic aspect. Dr. she needs now, and with it she needs Yen said that now many Chinese also, and seems now prepared to re- Christians desired to remove every ceive, the new conceptions of the vestige of difference between the Gospel, and not these conceptions Christians and non-Christians, and ad- only, but also the power of God in vocated the independence of the Christ, by which alone they may be Church so as to divest it of any po- realized in the life of the nation in litical significance. Altho the consti- this new and wonderful day. tution of the country had not been promulgated, the confidence was ex- The time, for which we have long prest that the national assembly worked and prayed, appears to have would include an article guarantee- come at last in a measure and with ing religious freedom in the new Con- a momentum beyond our faith, and stitution. A great era of opportunity we rejoice with the Christian agenfor Christianity has dawned with the cies at work in China, with the r r,- birth of the Oriental republic. 66r leaders of the Chinese Chris- tian churches, with their 278,628 THE OPPORTUNITY IN CHINA members, with the 4,299 missionaries from 'vVestern lands, in the unique THE whole world is agreed in rec- opportunity which they possess of meeting an inquiring people with the ognizing in the transformation light of life which they are seeking, of China one of the greatest move- and of offering to them and to their ments in human history. Whether rulers the knowledge of the Lord we consider the immensity of the Jesus Christ, the one true Leader and popUlation affected, the character of King of men. the change that is taking place, the magnitude of the interests which are We rej oice in the measure of unity involved, the comparative peaceful- already attained. by the Christian ness of the crisis, or the significance forces in China, and in their ability of the fact that a great and ancient in this hour, without waste or disrace is undergoing in the period of cord, to present to the Chinese people a decade a radical intellectual and the one faith which we all hold and spiritual readjustment, it is evident the one Lord whom we all follow. that it is given to us to witness and We rejoice that so many of the men have part in a vast movement whose who have wrought for China in the consequences will affect the whole time of national need have been world and be unending. Christian men, who have borne their great responsibilities with Christian This movement may become, by fidelity and sought to serve their God's grace, the regeneration of a country with Christian unselfishness. nation. For no change of institu- With a Christian Church united in tions, of political principles, of social its mission, and with Christian men order, or of economic conditions, can serving the State in patriotic and reavail to satisfy the deep needs of ligious devotion, we believe that the which China has now become con- prayers of many hearts will be anscious. Political reformation requires swered that, on the one hand, a pure a new moral and religious life. All

OF THE

and unconfused Gospel may be tian men and may lead their land preached to the nation, and that, on forward in wisdom and peace. the other hand, the Christian spirit, unmixed with secular misunderstand- For the purity of the Gospel in ing or personal ambition, may con- China, that it may not be miscontrol the minds of men who are to ceived, but that it may be known and bear rule and authority in the new experienced as the power of God day. unto salvation.

In the effort to which the Chris- For a right attitude on the part of tian forces of the nation will now all gov-ernments toward the Governgive themselves with a new zeal, ment of China. to carry the Gospel far and wide over China and deep into the life of the For the Manchus and the Chinese people, we desire to assure them of alike, that they may find Christ. the sympathy and support of the churches in the West, and we now So great an opportunity as God make appeal to the home churches to now offers in China is a sovereign meet the emergency with unceasing summons. It demands of us an enprayer and unwithholding consecra- largement of our horizons, an expantion. sion of our faith, an acceptance of our duty, and an eager and joyful Especially we ask prayer: exercise' of our fellowship with Christ For the people of China, this great in ministering to the need of an and virile nation, which, awakened awakened nation, and in hastening from the torpor of ages by the quick- the coming of His world-wide kingening forces of the modern world, is dom by an unprecedented advancenow called upon to deal with enor- ment. May the churches in China mOllS legislative, economic, educa- and ill the West be found equal to tional and moral re~djustments. this opportunity!-RoBERT E. SPEER. For the Chinese Christians, who share in full measure the privations THE LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT IN and problems that are the common lot of their countrymen. ENGLAND· For the missionaries and their work, the adequate expansion of Christian F OR some months plans for the education and evangelization, and the adaptation of mission methods to organization of the National the needs of the present situation. Laymen's Missionary Movement in For full religious liberty in China. England have been maturing. In For perfect union among the June, 191 I, a conference of repre- Christians of every name. sentatives of the missionary societies For a spirit of true indepenuence in Great Britain and Ireland met in on the part of the churches in China, York and passed resolutions favoring and of perfect cooperation with the a national movement, appointing a missions of the churches of the West. special committee to consider the For guidan<;e of the new leaders matter. Now a provisional execuof China, that they may be Chris- tive committee of fifteen leading lay- men, representing both schools of thought within the Church of Eng- land and all the Free Churches has been appointed to direct the work, and Capt. T. F. Watson has been

called to the gener;d secretaryship. cardul attention to the official restric- He has been lay secretary of the tions placed upon him. Tho the new Church of England ~Ten's Society hall contains "very gooJ chairs to for eight years, and is now enter- the number of 2,500," the city preing upon his duties. It is his in- fect would allow a congregation of tention to visit the United States 700 only at first, am finally decided and Canada soon for the study of reluctantly, and after much arguing the movement and consultation with by Rev. Petler, that 1,500 might atits leaders in those countries. tend. The permission for the visiting foreigners to speak had to be wrung BAPTIST WORK IN RUSSJA from the Minister of the Interior, PROGRESSING who made the condition that the speakers must not touch political or THE New Baptist Tabernacle in sectarian matters. St. Petersburg was opened on The interview which Dr. McArthur January 7th. Thus, Baptist work in and others had with the Russian Min- Russia has been established more ister of the Interior seems to have firmly than ever, due chiefly to the borne fruit, as recent advices from energy and zeal of Pastor Fet1er. St. Petersburg state that the Czar Five years ago he arrived in St. has granted permission for the es- Petersburg, practically unknown, and tablishment of a seminary in that city, he went to ,york in the face of ob- for which English Baptists gave $50,- stacles which seemed almost unsur- 000, and American Baptists $30,000, mountable. His one message was chiefly to educate Baptist ministers salvation by faith in the Lord J estls for work in southeastern Russia and Christ, and he delivered it with great in Russian dependencies. earnestness and burning power. Slowly his audiences increased, men THE HAGUE CONFERENCE ON and ,,,,-omen were converted, and a OPIUM strong, vigorotls church was built up. Then it was decided to erect an au- T'NELVE governments, including ditorium which could accommodate all the great Powers of Europe, the listeners, and to builcl the tabernacle as a great center of the multi- the United States, and the two Eastform activities of the Church. Bap- ern nations of China and Japan, tists throughout the earth showed.. were represented at the Hague Congreat interest, and aided substantially ference on Opium, which met a short in the payment of the expenses of time ago. The spirit of the conferthe fine building. ence was good, and decisions were reached which look toward interna- At the great Baptist W orId Al- tional regulations on the subject of liance in Philadelphia last year, a opium and its alkaloids, morphine, commission was appointed to attend codeine and heroin, and of cocaine. the opening of the Tabernacle (MIS- The proposed regulations are such SIONARY REVIEW, October, 1911, page that they will bar the way, in regard 724). Dr. R. S. McArthur, as presi- to these particular drugs, to any such dent of the Baptist Vorld Alliance, treatment as Great Britain has meted made the dedicatory address, giving out to China in the past. All friends

of righteol1sness will rejoice in the opium manufactured for medical uses signing of the convention, but it only. Then tho sonrce of supply of would be foolish to think or speak the narcotic poison will be dried up of the opium question as closed. and the opium question will be ended.

Dr. W u Lien Teh, one of the rep- Ve believe that the young Re- resentatives of China to the con- public of China will enter into a still ference, stated in London at a public more determined warfare against the meeting, that large quantities of mor- drug, because Yuan Shi Kai, its phine and cocaine were smuggled into presiclent, was the author of the im- China in spite of strict laws last perial edict of 1906, wh1,]; orclered year. They were hidden in other that the use of opium in China l1111st merchandise, and even passed through cease within ten years, and he has the post-office packed in newspapers. never suffered an opium-smoker Dr. Hamilton fright, foremost au- among his subordinates.

thority on the drug habit in the THE MEN AND RELIGION FORWARD United States, and one of the five delegates to the conference from that MOVEMENT country, as he was sailing for Eu- T HE systematic campaign of "The rope, made the amazing statement Men and Religion Forward that the inhabitants of the United 1Ioveme;1t" has now been conducted States cons lime more opium than any in a number of cities in the Eastern other nation of the world, China not States and in the llississippi Valley.

excepted. He added that not the Rochester, Huffalo, Baltimore, Phila- least of the ways in which opium is delphia, Brooklyn and Chicago were here employed is its use in proprie- also to be attacked in }larch, and a tary medicines. great "Conservation Congress of Thus, the OpiU111 problem is not an Wodd Brotherhood" is to be helc1 in exclusive Chinese problem. The use X ew York City, from April 19th of opium, eaten raw or smoked, or to 24th, to close the whole campaign.

taken in some solution, is not limited N ext fall Canada is to be visited in to China, but it is a curse found in a similar manner.

every part of the earth. Whence During last December the 1len does the fearful poison· come ? There and Religion I<orward Movement has are 250,000 acres of poppy growth in stirred the cities of DaytOil , Kalama- British India, besides the growth in zoo, and Little Rock to a remarkable the native States. As long as this is degree. In Dayton the ministers and the case, little can be done again:·t laymen got a new grip on local relig- the opium habit and the smuggler's ious work, and a great cooperative work Legislation by the different training school for teachers is planned, nations will give some relief, but the together with migh tier social service opium question can be settled only effort and more extensive York for when the English Government and boys. In Kalamazoo great mass- all civilized nations agree that the meeting's were helel, and a most help- use of all habit-forming drugs shall ful and significant yave of religion be limited to medical purposes, and has swept the city. ~IaI1Y men de- that the poppy is to be cultivated and cided for the Christian life and many

others renewed their covenant with The emphasis on the study of misthe church. A Worker's League was sions has led, in some cities, to a formed. It is to be perpetual and is central interdenominational class; with to carryon great shop meetings by special mass-meetings addrest by misthe special request of forty-five men, sionaries and mission experts. representing the largest shops in Kalamazoo. The community extension The important part of this whole and evangelistic committees have been movement will come through the concombined in order to conserve the in- servation committees. terest already aroused and to continue the work so weI! started. THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL In Little Rock the Men and Relig- THE Home Missions Council, of ion campaign was, according to a the United States, consists of local paper, the most far-reaching :'lnd most thoroughly successful religious twenty-two home missionary societies, or civic campaign ever conducted in doing national work and representing the city. It was not an emotional re- nearly all the Protestant denominaligious revival, but a dealing- with tions. practical facts and figures, every-day affairs, in plain language and with The council held its annual meeting sound logic. Cooperation between the January 17-18 in New York, and conchurches, and also the business and sidered many important topics of comprofessional men regardless of pre- mon national interest. This council vious church relations, has resulted. was organized only three years ago; Local conditions and needs are better it has brought the Protestant forces understood, and a campaign for social closer together and federated, to a and civic advancement has been start- certain extent, the work of the vaed. Within the churches a spirit of rious societies. During the past year persona] evangelism has been awa- it has made an effort to bring about kened, while at the same time civic joint educational work for the trainpatriotism has been strengthened, so ing of workers in Porto Rico, but it that the Mayor announced a plan to has not been able to bring about favorestablish a vice commission to study able action because most of the dethoroughly the social evil, and to sug- nominations are establishing their gest specific remedial measures. own training schools. The work among the Indians has been thorough- Work among boys and young men ly investigated, and considerable is strongly emphasized. This has been progress was made in allotting oversadly neglected by Christian men, but looked fields to various churches. it is neglected at peril of Church and State. Interest in the systematic Cooperating with the Federal Counstudy of the Bible is also awakened, cil of the Churches of Christ in Amerand out of such systematic study ica, the Home Mission Council has many blessings must be expected. lately made a most comprehensive study of conditions in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast fields. This investigation showed a surpri- zingly large number of neglected fields.

BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF

BY DELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

IBj' OON-ITTwas the prod- mother boasted that there was not a uct of three nationali- drop of Siamese blood in her veins- her ancestors were all either Chinese ties. He was a Sia- or Cambodians.

~ mese by birth, a Chi- Maa Tuan was a most unusual woman. Following the example of ~ nese by descent, and her father rather than of her heathen mother, she became a living witness an American by train- for Christ among her people. Through ing. Yet to none of these did he give REV. BOON-ITT, OF SIAM.

his highest service. His short but her efforts almost all her near rela- tives eventually became Christians. fragrant life was poured out for the The stand she took for Christ, cutting her off from the religious ceremonials .advancement of the kingdom of that formed so large a part of the life of the village, cost her not a heaven. little. There was neither church nor missionary in Bang Pa, and at length This remarkable man was a native she resolved to go to Bangkok, where she could worship God in peace, and Christian of the third generation. His find religious instruction for her chil- dren. There were three now-Boongrandfather, Qua-Kieng, a full-blood- Itt, a younger boy Boon Yee, and a tiny baby daughter. ed Chinese, was the first native mem- ber of the first Presbyterian church organized in the Land of the Vhite Elephant. But he was not the fruit of Presbyterian effort, having been baptized in 1844 by the Rev. Mr.

Johnson, of the American Board Mission. Five years later, when this board withdrew from Siam, he trans- ferred his membership to the little Presbyterian church at Bangkok, a church then consisting solely of the families of the missionaries. Being a man of more than ordinary attain- ments, he was employed by the mis- sion as an assistant, rendering effi- cientservice until his death in r859.

Qua-Kieng's wife never became a Christian, but after his death, three of his children, a daughter and two sons, united with the church at Bang- kok. This daughter, Maa Tuan, was Boon-Ht's mother. It was in July 15, 1865, at the little village of Bang Pa, on the Me Klong River, just be- low Ratburi, that Boon-Itt was born, the eldest child of his parents. Like most of the inhabitants of the little village, his father, Chin Boon Sooie, was of Chinese extraction ; and his

lHaa Tuan's husband never became -a responsibility that did much to a Christian, but he was willing to develop his character. Since the baby move with her to Bangkok. Accord- sister's cleath the two had been in- ingly, in r873, when Boon-Itt was separable companions, ancl tho Boon eight years old, the little family left Yee was inclined to be mischievous Bang Pa, and went to live at Sumray, and somewhat unruly at times, the a suburb of the Siamese capital, where elder brother, tbo only a boy, never the church was located, of which Qua lost patience or was harsh or severe Kieng was so long a member. with him.

The next year the home was broken Two years later, when Boon-Itt up and Boon-ltt's life changed com- was eleven, a greater change still pletely. Early in the year God took came into his life. In -;1 arch , 1R76, home the baby sister on whom the when Doctor and lIrs. House, after boy had lavished the deepest affec- thirty years in Siam, found themtion. Then his father died. Soon selves obliged to return to AmericaJ after the mission chose his mother they decicled to take two native boys for a very important work that took with them and give them a complete her from home, and the two boys were education. For this Boon-Itt was placed in the Christian boarding- chosen and a lac! named Nai Kawn, school at Sumray. about the same age.

In April, r874, the first school for The night before they sailed, Dool1girls in Siam wa s opened at iTang Itt's mother came to him and the two Lang, another suburb of Bangkok, had a long talk at a favorite spot on six miles from Stll11ray, by lf rs. the bank of the river. The boy was Samuel R. House and Miss Arabella going far from her and was not yet inderson. A native Christian wom- a Christian. Yet she had little fear, an was needed who could combine for the seed had been faithfully sown the offices of teacher and matron, in his heart, and she believed that and no one was so well fitted for it God would watch over him, The as Boon-Itt's mother. So it was of- talk she gave him that night was wise fereel to her and she accepted it. and tender and earnest, and he never Capable, efficient, able to speak Eng- forgot it. Years after he wrote her lish, and devoted to the cause of how much it had helped him, Christ, she filled the position for many years with abundant success. The next day the little party board- In r880 she taught in the palace and eel the big ship and sailed away to numbered among her pupils a wife of America. To the two little brown boys the king, everything seemed new and strange and wonderful. At the wharf in In the boys' school, Boon-Itt S0011 San Francisco they were met by two proved a great favorite. He stood gentlemen, one of whom took a big, well in bis classes and became a lead- reel apple from his pocket and hander in sports of all kinds. Lithe and ed it to one of the boys, "Do you active, he could climb like a squirrel, know what it is?" he asked, "Yes," and was an expert in swimming and was the answer. "Then get outside rowing and Siamese football. His of it!" was the astonishing order. young brother was placed in his care This Americanism, so different from

• BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF

anything heard in Siam, made a deep says one who knew him. "His swim- impression on the two lads, and they ming feats and records were never never forgot it. equaled. In the classroom his work From the first they seem to have was always well done. In the literary made a good impression. "They society he was one of the merriest were entertained at our house," says and most faithful. Everywhere his a lady in San Francisco, "and that good humor and hearty laugh were Ii rst night I tucked the two little boys contagioL1s, and his unselfishness was ill their bed. 'Vhen I went to look a byword."

at them after they were asleep, they At Williams, where he took the looked so sweet I wanted to kiss'

them."

The destination of the party was the old home of Doctor and Mrs.

House, at '0,Tate rford, N. Y. Here the good missionaries proved the kindliest and wisest of foster-parents to their young charges. The Siamese language was spoken in the family circle, and scattered through the rooms were many curios and decora- tions brought from Siam. The boys were very happy here, yet they did not forget the old home across the ocean, and eagerly welcomed anyone they had known there. One day a missionary from Siam arrived unex- pectedly. Seeing him at the gate, Boon-Itt, who was playing in the yard, ran to him, exclaiming joy- fully, "Doctor! Doctor! I'm so glad!" REV. S. R. HOUSE~ }d,D., OF SIAM In r88r, when the boys were six- teen, Dr. House sent them to Willis- four years' classical course, it was ton Seminary, Easthampton, Mass., the same as at Williston. He was an to prepare them for college. Here apt and conscientious student, dearly noon-Jtt soon became a great favor- beloved by everyone with whom he ite. A.s he began to grasp the knowl- came in contact. In 188g, when he edge of the vVestern world he showed completed the course, no member of an eagerness and a joy in acquiring the class had a better general record.

it that made him a delight to his It was at Williams that Boon-Itt teachers. With the students he was found Christ and took Him for a equally popular. A.s in Siam, he be- personal Savior. Religions develop- came a leader in athletics. "In the ment is usually a slow process with gymnasium and on the athletic field, the Siamese, and it had been so in his at baseball or football, his lithe and case. He had been faithful in church muscular body found few equals," attendance and had read and studied

THE SCHOOL AT PITSANULOKE his Bible, but this was largely the re- f1eld Student Conference in r889 an sult of habit and from a desire to interesting match was going on. From please his mother and Doctor and the side a number of students were Mrs. House. His ideas on religion twitting the players, but it was evi- were indefinite and hazy, and it dent the sympathy was with the agile, seemed hard for him to grasp the black-haired fellow with a 'W' on his idea of a personal God. jersey. A well-placed ball near the VVhen at length the awakening back line won the game of the test came, it wrought a great change in set and called forth general applause.

him. Making a full surrender to All we heard was: 'Good for you, God, he resolved to study for the Johnny Boon!' Then we saw for the ministry and return again to Siam as . first time that merry smile, that a 1111SSlOnary. J1eanwhile, working hearty, quiet laugh, those white teeth, through the channel of the Young and those keen, friendly eyes of the Men's Christian Association, he be- man whom afterward we learned to came a strong factor in the religious love as Bool1-Itt. . . . During OUf life of the college. seminary days. in the Sl11l1l1ler of r892, In the autumll of r889, Roon-Itt two or three of us were camping on entered Auburn Theological Seminary the far side of 'Old White Face' in to prepare for his life work.. To the the deep woods of the Adirondacks.

Rev. John Timothy Stone, a fellow Ve had two weeks together, and student in the seminary, we are in- grew to know Boon as only man debted for two pictures of him, one can know man after nights together of which reveals the winsomeness of in the open. It was there we saw his personality, the other the source his real friendship with the Unseen of his spiritual power. Friend, and hallowing the memory of "On the tennis courts of the North- those days in God's great forest, I

~ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

seem to see again his quiet, manly ary. Yet he found great joy in the figure kneeling in the moonlight be- thought of winning souls in Siam. side the trunk of a great tree." .11eanwhile, across the ocean, his Boon-Itt loved America and Amer- return was being anticipated with an ica loved him. While at Auburn he interest not unmixed with anxiety. acquired citizenship, and became com- Orientals educated in the United pletely identified with the land of his States are not always easy to deal adoption. So thoroughly was he im- with on their return. But not so bued with the American spirit that Boon-Itt. Notwithstanding his fine no one at Auburn ever regarded him scholarship and very pleasing appearas a foreigner, and years after, in ance, he was modest and unassuming, Siam, H. R. H. Prince Damrong his one aim being to fit into the pronounced him "an American mis- work with as little friction as possionary in everything but the nation- sible. Dr. Eakin, who was then staality." tioned at Sumray, tells of his coming, as follows: Early in the summer of 1893, Boon-Itt returned to Siam to take up "I recall with special pleasure the his life work. For twelve years three months Mr. Boon-Itt spent with America had been his home, and us after his arrival. The joy and those who knew him best felt that pride of his mother was beautiful to going away was a real cross to him see. His companionship was delight- -as much of a sacrifice as that made ful to us and we spent many a profitby many an American-born mission- able hour together. At first he seemed THE OLD MANSE AT PITSANULOKE

a little bewildered, and was trying ture work was gained by accompanyto get his mind rightly focused on the ing the Rev. Eugene P. Dunlop on various phases of the work. He WilS evangelistic tours through the countroubled that his mother was living try. By means of a stereopticon, in a little, one-story, frame house, great interest was aroused among the not realizing that it was a fine one villagers in the life of Christ and from her point of view, and she was Boon-Itt was very happy. "It is great happier than in a larger one. He joy," he wrote to America, "to tell was sorry that his brother seemed the story of Jesus to the multitudes afraid of him and held aloof. And who have never heard it before." he felt saddened by the separation from American friends. Showing us On September 23, r897, an imphotogra.phs of tennis-players and portant step occurred in Boon-Itt's picnic parties, it was evident that he career-his marriage to his cousin, felt the severing of ties he had found Maa Kim Hock, a recent graduate of so pleasant. Yet he never murmured the Harriet House School at Wang or seemed to regret the step he had Lang. For some time it had been a taken." matter of speculation where this high- ly educated young Siamese would Boon-Itt's first work was to perfect find a suitable helpmeet. Some years himself in the language. His Eng- before, when the young daughter of lish was faultless, and he could read a friend of his mother was sent to Greek and Hebrew at sight, but his America to be educated many hoped knowledge of his mother-tongue, tho that the two would meet and marry. he could still use it, was only that of They became very good friends, but a boy of eleven. His mother was the young lady fell in love with a ambitious to see him a great Siamese young American physician and bescholar, and the older missionaries came his wife. urged him on, in the hope that he would be able to make a revision of Boon-ltt's bride was heartily in the imperfect translation of the Bible. sympathy with Ms life work, and made him a very good wife. Shortlyaf- During his months of preparation ter their betrothal he received an ofhe lived at Sumray, assisting the fer from a commercial house in Siam, work in every way possible. Every at a salary supposed to have been one soon learned to love and respect between five and ten thousand dolhim, and his influence in the church lars. On submitting it to his fiancee, and Christian Boys' High School be- she heroically answered: "I think we came very great. "In his quiet way will be far happier at the Lord's he tried to show the students the work on a little money than to leave manliest man who ever lived on this it for this large sum." earth was Jesus of Nazareth," says Dr. Eakin. "It is noticeable that the Soon after their marriage, Boonyoung man who came into the church Itt and his bride left Sumray and during this period were marked by went with Doctor and Mrs. Toy to a stalwart strength of character that open a new station at Pitsanuloke, a is rare in Siam." month's journey up the Menam from Bangkok. Not a little inspiration for his fu- The special work assigned to Boon-

12 J BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

Itt being a board school for boys, he the mission schools were flocking to threw his whole heart into the task. the city in ever increasing numbers, The beginning was small, but it soon and in order to attend church, they attracted the attention of the Govern- must cross the river and go long disment authorities, who set the seal of tances to the suburbs. A great optheir approval on it by sending their portunity was being lost and the misown sons. As it grew in numbers sionaries were much troubled. In and popularity a large building be- his report to the Board, Dr. Brown came a necessity, and this was erected wrote as follows: at a cost of 4,000 tecals, every tecal being secured by Boon-Itt from the "For this great work a man and Siamese at Pitsanuloke. a church are needed at once. No other need in Siam is more urgent His influence over the boys was The man should be able to speak THE BOON-ITT ME.MORIAL IN BANGKO:-::, S:AM unbounded. On Saturdays it was his high Siamese like a native. He should custom to take them on long tramps be conversant with Siamese customs into the jungle for the study of and etiquette, and so understand the nature, and the keen personal interest native mind that he can enter into he took in them all won him their sympathy with it and mold it for deep and abiding affection. But there God. There is one man in Siam who was a larger work to which God was meets all these conditions. That man about to call him. In I 902, when Dr. is the Rev. Boon Boon-Itt, one of the most remarkable men I have met in Arthur J. Brown, of the Presbyterian Asia. The Government has repeated- ly offered him lucrative posts, and I Board, arrived in Siam on a tour of was told by United States Minister inspection, he found that the most King that a trading corporation in imperative need was a new church in Bangkok. Young men educated in

Laos is eager to employ him at a Samuel, for Dr. House, and two little salary of $4,000 a year in gold. As daughters. a minister of Christ he receives $650 and a tumble-down native house, yet As the work progrest, he found he would rather be a missionary on it necessary to rent a small house these terms than an official or a trad- near the site of the new church in er on a high salary." the city proper, where new buildings for the Christian Boys' High School Funds for the new church had al- were also heing erected. It was ready been promised. Not long be- lonely at first, but after a while, when fore, Phra Montri, a Siamese noble- the school was completed, services man of great influence, educated at were held in the home of Dr. Eakin, Columbia College, lost his only son. the principal, and the nucleus of a At one time he had been deeply in- Christian community began to grow terested in Christianity, but had up in the neighborhood. While busdrifted away, and now in his sore ily engaged in the church, Boon-Itt sorrow, one of the missionaries told felt that some work ought to be inhim the story of a sheep that would augurated for youn~ men during the not follow until the shepherd lifted week as well as on Sunday. For its lamb on his arms and carried it years he had cherished the plan of with him. establishing an institution in Bang- kok, with library, reading-rooms, and This story made such a deep im- gymnasium, somewhat on the order pression upon Phra Montri that he of a Young Men's Christian Assoemployed an artist to paint a picture ciation, and the time now seemed ripe of it for him. "I saw it in his for it. Friends both in Siam and house," says Dr. Brown, "a shepherd America showed such interest in the with a face so sweet and kindly, like project that success seemed assured. unto the Son of Man, carrying a lamb in his bosom, while afar off But alas! in the midst of it all, two sheep that had been walking Boon-Itt was stricken willi cholera, away from the shepherd were, with and died on May 8, 1903, a~er an wistful eyes, turning around to fol- illness of only ten days. For about low their loved one." two months before this no rain had fallen, and there had been much suf- In deep gratitude the father now fering by reason of the heat and the offered to furnish all the money, drought. At midnight, when Boonabove what the Siamese Christians Itt passed away, the wind was rising could give, for building a church in and dark clouds were gathering. Bangkok, his hope being that it might Shortly after, the monsoon broke be the means of winning many young and there were torrents of rain. Of men. Being a friend and admirer of what took place in that house of Mr. Boon-Itt, it was his wish that mourning during the storm, Dr. Eakhe might take charge of it. in gives a vivid picture as follows: At first Boon-Itt was loath to leave "The house shook under the fierce his work at Pitsanuloke, but presently attacks of the raging tempest. Knowhe, accepted the call and removed with ing the common superstition of the his family to Sumray. There were Siamese, we realized how terrible it three children now, a boy named

I9 12 ] BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

might seem to our people that a Committees were at once appointed naked soul should go forth exposed both in Siam and America. In a to such a wild war of the elements. short time the necessary funds were TIut the bereaved wife and mother ready, and a beautiful building, known calmly gathered the friends together as the "Boon-Itt Memorial," was erect- in the little sitting-room, passed the ed in Bangkok. All classes in Siam, hymn-books around and asked them including members of the royal famall to sing. Through the long hours ily and many princes and nobles, gave of that terrible storm they sang those to the fund and took great interest hymns of Christian faith and hope in the project. Then Prince Damrong and comfort. Minister of the Interior, was asked to contribute, he said with deep feel- "In the intervals they talked of the ing: future. One exprest concern about the new church building. It would "I am glad to help in a memorial be hard to find a contractor to take up to that splendid man. Boon-Itt was work that had fallen from a dead a true Christian. You may not know hand, owing to a superstition that the that I offered him a position which building would be haunted. Then would have led to high titles of no- Kru Thien Pow, his devoted assistant, bility from the King of Siam, to the broke down for the first time and governorship of a large province, wept aloud: 'I am not thinking of and to a large increase in his income. the new church,' he said; 'some one Yet he declined these high honors will be found to finish that. I am and financial benefits that he might thinking of the Kingdom of Christ continue in the service of Jesus in Siam. Who will take the vacant Christ." place in this service?' " The ten short years Boon-Itt worked The loss to Siam did, indeed, seem in Siam were years of most fruitful irreparable. From the field and the endeavor. His death occurred before Board, from his fellow missionaries he was forty, yet he had already beand his fellow students, and from come the acknowledged leader of the the many friends who had known Christian Church in Siam. Christians and loved him as a boy in America, a and non-Christians loved and reflood of letters came, expressing not spected him, and his influence in beonly the keenest sorrow, but a strong half of the Kingdom of God was undesire to perpetuate his memory by the erection of a building such as he bounded. had in his heart when he died.

THE CORRECT CHRISTIAN EYE-GLASSES BY REV. J. M. MCGUIRE, lSEIN, BURM!

IITIHE differences between of the human race IS still unsolved, Christianity and other and what we have to deal with to- . religions are funda- day are the simple facts of the world. mental and abyssmal. What religions are actually acquaint- ~ In the Book of Esther, ing men with the character of God for example, the name to-day, and making them sons of God of God does not occur, but the and bringing forth the fruits of the book holds its place in the canon; Spirit of God? This is our practical if, however, it should teach that there question." is no God in the universe and no soul in man, if it should teach the doc- Without doubt the most remarktrine of karma and of transmigration, able, and in some respects the greatshould we be able to believe that it est, of the non-Christian systems is was inspired by the same Spirit of Buddhislll. It is claimed, and by most Truth who taught another writer to scholars the claim is conceded, that say: "In the beginning God created the Buddha, in the 2,500 years since the heavens and the earth" and "man he appeared upon the earth and atbecame a living soul." God is not the tained Nirvana, has had more disauthor of confusion. "Because there ciples than any other teacher, not exare some virtues woven into heathen- cepting even Jesus, the Christ. It is ism," said the late Dr. Ashmore, "it also claimed by Buddhists of the does not follow that God made hea- present day that there are at this thenism. God made gold, but He did time more followers of their system not work it up into graven images. than of any other faith. But vox God made grain, but He did not make populi is not vox dei. The truth or it into whisky. God made the nat- falsity of a system can not be deterural virtues, but He did not organize mined by the number of its nominal them into Confucian and Shintu sys- followers. Still, these statements are tems of ancestor worship and king interesting, and indeed, surprizing. worship," In the Book of Eccle- We had not thought that there were siastes, the preacher hits it off right- so many Buddhists. They, however, ly: "Lo, this have I found, that God need qualification, for they are mismade man upright; but they have leading, especially to a Christian, who sought out many inventions." "Un- would naturally regard the profesdoubtedly," says Robert E. Speer, sion of faith in one religion as ex- "God has not forsaken any part of cluding one from being counted at this world, and He has been educa- the same time as a member of anting mankind, but that does not en- other and a different religion. Christitle us to charge to Him all that has tianity is exclusive, but Buddhism is found place in the life and thought a parasitic faith, able to entwine itof men. We are bound to exempt self about other religions and itself God from responsibility for what- live without displacing them. Thus ever is discordant with His character. it is that Shintoists, Taoists, Confu- The problem of the divine education cianists and even Animists are also called Buddhists. Buddhism has ad-

IN PRACTISE

vanced by being grafted onto other whole of religion. This placed the faiths, and, without changing the na- people in their power and enabled ture of the fruit, has yet given to it . them to fatten upon the offerings. It a flavor of its own. There has never was a dreadful tyranny, a merciless been a land of which it may be said and cruel oppression of the people.

that Buddhism replaced the ancestral Gotama was twenty-nine years of faith and itself became the olle re- age, it is said, when, in his search for ligion, out and out, of the people. deliverance, leaving his wife and Buddhism in its origin was a pro- child, he went forth to the homeless test against Brahmanism. In the re- life. This action on his part was not ligion of the early Hindus there were so strange in that land as it would the germs of a faith in God, the seem among us. It was, perhaps, a creator. This is shown from the Rig frequent and familiar incident in the Veda, a collection of over 1,000 life of the day. He at first sought poems, not all belonging to one the truth by the way of ascetici~m period, but representing early In- but found it not, and asceticism and dian literature. The development of self-torture for its own sake have no thought, however, was not as it was place in the system of the Buddha.

in Israel, in the way of clarifying At last, after six years of search, sit- and purifying the idea of the divine, ting under a banyan-tree (called from until the mind should arrive at the this the Bo-tree, from budh to know), conception of one God, almighty in as the fruit and result of his own power and infinite in wisdom and thought, and of the merit obtained holiness, but rather was it toward a in former existences, the truth dawned multiplication of gods, faith in which, upon him, and from that time Gotama during the period from 900-700 B.C., became the Buddha, the Enlightened was undermined by speculation, until One.

at length there was created a new Looked at from the practical side ground of religious thought in the and in the light of the need of his belief in the undisturbed, unchange- time, the teaching of the Buddha able, universal unity which lies back came as a great blessing to India.

of this world of impermanence, and It was no small thing in an age of to which those who are delivered, priestcraft and ceremonialism, to leaving this world, return. Thus the have a voice lifted up in the wilder- way was prepared for the Buddha, ness calling for personal purity and and when he appearec1, about 500 B.C., holiness as the only way of deliver- he rejected the many gods of the ance, to be wrought out by one's self popular faith and built his system upon without dependence upon a priest.

what he regarded as the unchange- Gotama did not make war upon caste, able, universal law of the universe. and yet at that time, when caste had At this time Brahmanism, the re- fixt great gulfs between brother ligion of the day, was a hardened and men, it was no small thing to have an petrified system of caste and cere- order established which was dem- monialism. The offering of sacrifices ocratic, and into which all men, re- had been developed by the Brahmans gardless of caste, might be admitted.

into a ritual which was practically the It was a blow at caste. As for the

home, the system of the Buddha desires tend to evil, an emotionless made war upon it by enjoining monk- state is pictured as a most desirable hood, and it was declared that "the and glowing attainment. How desire' life of a woman is always darkness," comes to be the cause of existenceand yet even thus her hard condition what the nexus is-is a mystery was improved, for she was permitted known only to Buddha. The third to become a nun and on the same Nable Truth is that in order to the condition that a man could become a cessation of suffering there must be monk, and she was not immured in the eradication of desire. This only a zenana, and the evil of child mar- states the obvious fact that the reriage. was not encouraged, and to-day moval of the cause is necessary in does not exist in Buddhist lands. And order to a cessation of the result. it may further be said, to the praise The fourth Noble Truth is merely of the Buddha, and as a proof of his the method by which desire is to be enlightenment, that his teaching was eradicated and deliverance obtained. a protest against the whole system of It is the Noble Eightfold Path: right superstition which the Brahmans had faith, right resolve, right speech, right created. action, right living, right effort, right recollectedness, r:ight meditation. With But let us now examine the system reference to these beautiful phrases, a little more closely. What Gotama I make only the one observation, that found under the Bo-tree, what made we must not read into them a Chrishim the Buddha, was the knowledge tian meaning. They must be interof the so-called Four Noble Truths. preted in the light of and in harmony The first of these is that sorrow is with the system to which they beuniversal. To say that there is no long. bright side to life-that all is sorrow, seems to us a hideous untruth. But The idea of a Supreme Being Gowe are Christians. Let us put our- tama rejected, and characterized disselves back, if we can, to that place cussion of the subj ect as a "profitand time, and look out upon life as less inquiry." This was a fatal mis- Gotama saw it-no God, no Helper, take, but from what we know of his no one to whom we may lift up a environment we can not greatly wonprayer, and nothing before us but an der at it. He thought it better to beendless series of births and deaths, lieve in no god at all than to believe meaningless and resultless! Such a in myriads of them. And his system view of life darkens the world and of salvation is remarkable, for in it overcasts the heavens with clouds. there is no God, no altar, no sacrifice, And so the light which this noblest and no prayer. The Buddha taught and best man was able by his unaid- (and it was one source of his power) ed powers to obtain was only dark- that a man can save himself here and ness. now, by his own unaided efforts, apart from and independent of the' The second Noble Truth is that gods. The phrase, "save himself," desire is the cause of sorrow. What however, we mllst not take in its is meant here is the thirst for con- Christian sense. Perhaps the most tinued existence, for sensual pleas- distinctive teaching of the Buddha, ures, and ior worldly prosperity. All

BUDD,HISM IN 'PRACTISE

and that by which he most widely life, knows nothing and feels nothseparated himself from the past, was mg. But this evidently is a distinchis denial of the doctrine of a "soul" tion without a real difference, as in man. Speculation in Gotama's such an existence, if it can be called day had almost reached the point of an existence, is practically annihilaatheism. He took the final step. And tion. It should be remembered that if there is no God in the universe, of the Buddha did not expressly teach course there is no soul in man. Go- annihilation as the summum bonum tama was logical. Morover, if trans- of his system; he always refused to migration is a true doctrine, then make an explicit statement on the there is no such thing as a human subj ect thinking it better, apparently, species distinct from all other forms to concede this much to the weakness of life, man differs from the lower of human nature. animals only in having a better karma. Consistently with this theory, No God, no soul, annihilation as the Buddha held that the self or per- the goal and end of life-these are sonality has no permanent reality. It the dreary triad of doctrines which is the result of certain elements com- lie at the base of the Buddha's sysing together-a combination of facul- tem. They are not, like the great ties and characters. No one of these basal truth which God gave the early elements is a person, or soul, or self, Hebrews, capable of more and more but to their combination the name development, with increasing light, self is popularly given. Nothing but they are rather themselves the passes on from the old life to the end of a development, which, start.jng new one except the karma, the force right, turned off in the wrong direcwhich tends to bring about a new tion. And let us observe that these combination of life-elements. It is postulates have never yet in all the only a terrible ignorance which can years since their first promulgation lead one to think, "I am," and the been able to' get for themselves a thought, according to Buddhism, is place in the affections and faith of one of the worst forms of heresy. any race or nation. Individuals here and there have accepted them, but a This teaching as to God and the whole people never. Men can not soul will help us to understand the live upon negations; affirmation is Buddhist Nirvana, as to whether it more necessary than bread. Wrong is annihilation ot not. In Brahman- at the foundation, untrue at the root, ism Nirvana meant the cessation of Buddhism has never had a doctrinal soul life by its reabsorption into basis which could hold it together. Brahm, the TVorld Spirit. But in Hence, as Sir Monier Williams has Buddhism there is no Brahm and no said, "It passes from apparent atheism soul, hence the end of rebirth is, and materialism to theism, polytheism logically, the end of existence. Many, and spiritualism. It is under one ashowever, do not acknowledge this, pect mere pessimism; under another, but hold Nirvana to be a kind of un- high morality; under another, a vaconscious existence, in which the riety of materialistic philosophy; unmind, having vanquished desire and cler another, simple demonology; destroyed the elements of physical under another, a mere farrago of

superstitions, including necromancy, open book, and where the Gospel is witchcraft, idolatry and fetischism." preached in its purity _ In no other In considering present-day Bud- land can Buddhism be studied under dhism we should remember that this – more favorable conditions than in system, in its beginning, was not, like Burma. Sir J. George Scott, K.c.I.E., Christianity, given a social and in- a distinguished officer of the Gov- tended by its founder to be a world ernment of India, who has spent religion. Jesus was conscious from his life in the Orient, particularly in the beginning of the universality of Burma, and who as a writer is not His mission. The kingdoms of this partial to Christianity, has this to world were to become his king- say of Buddhism in the lands where dom. The Buddha had no such it now exists:* "The Buddhism of consciousness, and at first shrank China is a mockery and a by-word, from delivering his message, which and the monks are a shooting out of was not the announcement of a king- the lip. Japan grew up under Bud- dom at hand, but of a path whereby dhism. The religion is nominally wide- to escape from existence. He had no spread, but among the many good touch with society until there came points of the Japanese devotionalism to be a society of those who, as his is not one, .and as Buddhists they disciples, had adopted the homeless are a mere empty name. The Bud- life and become monks. It was only dhism of Siam is very lax. Most of when, on account of the increase the Siamese monks would be un- of his disciples, people complained: frocked if they lived in a Burmese "Gotama is breaking up family life," village. The Buddhism of Tibet is a that there had to be a relaxation of wild travesty, with a hierarchy at one the rule so as to tolerate marriage end, which is foreign to the teaching and the family. Primitive Buddhism, of the Buddha, and flat devil worship therefore, had from its very nature at the other. There remain the Bud- no social gospel to proclaim. As. dhists of Ceylon and the J ains of however, it quickly became a religion, northern India. As to the orthodoxy and at present boasts of its millions of the Cinghalese Buddhists there is of followers, it is only right that it no question. All believers acknowledge should be asked to give an account it, and make pilgrimages to the shrines of its stewardship, and to show what near Adam's Peak. It is open to dis- it has done or failed to do for those pute whether the J ains, be they the whose destiny has been committed to sky-clad ones or the white-robed its care. ones, are much better than dissenters, In studying the system in its prac- but their Buddhism, so far as it goes, tical working, we wish to see it at is practical. The Burmese, of course, its best It is thus we would have greatly outnumber both Cinghalese non-Christians study our own relig- and J ains, and may, therefore, claim ion. VoJe would not have them study to be the strongest body of profess- it in Spain or South America, where ing Buddhists in the world. It may the people are not permitted to read also be cli!-imed by them, or for them, the Scriptures, but in England or the that they most nearly follow the United States, where the Bible is an * Scott's [{ano-book of Burma, page 358.

IN PRACTISE 34

teaching of the Buddha. And yet has been the accepted religion of the they are far from doing so unre- people for at least a thousand years. servedly. But that is as much as to say that human nature is weak and Before the Eurmans were Budeasily led astray. The precepts of dhists they were animists, or spirit Buddhism are household words with worshipers, and their condition must high and low. . . . The ideas and have resembled the present condilanguage of the whole race are per- tion of the wild tribes on the Burma vaded by Buddhism. frontier, with some of whom, as the Chins, there is a racial affinity. These Burma is, therefore, the lanel in wild tribes are not difficult to evanwhich to study Buddhism at its best. gelize, and as disciples they are teach- The European or American, however, able. The progress of the Christian is always at a disadvantage when it Karens is well known, and the Chins comes to setting forth the actual be- and Kachins, when they become liefs and practises of the people. He Christians, also advance rapidly. It distrusts himself and his own impres- was good material with which Budsions, and knows the more thorough- dhism had to work. What are the rely the longer he has lived among sults as seen in the people of to-day? them how little he can see into and Are the Buctdhists of Burma spiritualunderstand their lives, how far they ly minded? Are they an intellectual are from being all alike, and how people? Vhat is their moral and easily almost any statement In one social condition? direction can be met by an equally true statement to the contrary. More- It would seem to look for the spirover, if one presents the facts faith- itual in a system which denies that fully and truthfully as he sees them there is any such thing as spirit. But from day to day, he is liable to be men are often better than their thought prejudiced, and to be charged creeds. Among the fruits of the spirit with wishing to represent Buddhism are mentioned long suffering, kindat its worst. But one must state the ness, meekness, self-control. These truth or what to him appears the virtues were possest by the Buddha truth, and surely this can be done in in an eminent degree. There are love. some monks to-day and also some laymen in whom they are exemplified When Buddhism was first intro- in a greater or less degree. But duced into Burma we do not know, these are exceptions; the Buddhists but it was perhaps ahout the fifth of Burma, whether monks or laity, century of our era; it may have been, are not spiritually minded; far from as yet the TIurmans claim, as early it. In the villages and cities there are no Buddhist churches corresas 207 B.c. The matter is not im- ponding in their organization to our Christian churches, and for the people portant for our purpose. At Pagan, centers of instruction, culture and inau old capital in Upper Burma, there spiration. In every village there is are monuments of the eleventh and the monastery, and frequently a numtwelfth centuries, which show that at ber of them, and there are the monks, that time Buddhism had attained in who are, according to the system, the Burma a condition of great splendor and power. It is safe to say that it

real followers of the Buddha. but mention later, the monk is burdened they have no duties and obligation, as by such trilling rules as, not to eat shepherds and leaders of the people, after mid-day; not to dance, sing or who are left without guidance and play on a musical instrument; not to instruction. About two and one-half color the face with sandalwood, sleep per cent. of the Buddhist male pop- on a high bed, or touch gold and sil- ulation of Burma are wearers of the ver. Such rules have nothing to do yellow robe. with a man's heart or thought life; In the beginning monasticism was, they are merely external, and the doubtless. useful to the Burmese. They monk's observance of them is of the were a wild people and it had a civ- same fashion. For example, a monk ilizing influence upon them, softening will cover his hands with a handker- their barbarous customs and curbing chief and receive as much gold or sil- their 'brutality. In the time of the ver as may be given to him.

Burmese kings the monks often inter- The chief means of the laity for ceded with the Government for the acquiring merit is by giving to the people, obtained remission of taxes in monks. This the monks urge upon times of scarcity and disaster, and them in all their preaching. In fact, temporary relief in cases where there their sermons are little else than ex- was a local failure of the crops. hortations to a charity of which they But looked at as it is to-day, themselves are to be the recipients.

monasticism in Burma stands con- To give to the wise, according to the demned. Monasteries are centers of Buddhist view, is better and more indolence instead of industry, and in profitable than to give to the poor some cases they are hotbeds of and needy. The higher the recipient CrIme. Gotama made the brother- the more meritorious the offering.

hood democratic, which was a blow "The layman's life, it is said, is ful1 at caste, a great thing in his day. of danger, and almost inevitably in- The monk was not primarily a teach- volves demerit, but by well-placed er, he was a man who recognized gifts, seed sown in the right field"- the vanity of life, and withdrew from that is, offerings made to the monks- the world that he might by meditation "he can be assuring a vast crop of conquer desire and enter the path of merit. He may secure many births Nirvana, Why should not the door in heaven, and have but few in hell."

of the brotherhood stand wide open Thus, the giving of the Burmese is for the entrance of all such men? in the nature of a commercial ven- But in Bmma to-day this wide-open ture, and they naturally put their cloor is entered too often by lazy, money where they think the best re- ignorant, and in cases not a few bad turn upon it will be realized. Mon- men. The picturesque language of asteries, pagodas, idols, robes and Victor Hugo may be applied to Bur- other articles for the monks-it is to ma: "He who says 'monastery' says these that the great stream of Bur- 'marsh,' and the yellow robe is 'the mese benevolence constantly flows.

winding sheet' of the thinking man." The deepest, saddest failure of In addition to the five rule. to be Buddhism is in its having for its mil- kept by the laity, amI which I shaJl lions of followers no revelation of

BUDDHISM IN PRACTISE

God. Yet the common people are not struse for the common people. Also consciously atheistical. They say that Gotama is their God, and in their Nirvana is too remote and too diffi- minds he is a deity of a sort. They have the greatest of reverence for cult of attainment. They prefer some- him. He is called the Blest, the Per- fect; he is the "joy of the whole thing more tangible, and also, if the world; the- helper of the helpless; the deva of devas." It is true he is gone, truth must be told, something more but they have his images, and his last injunction was, they say, that they carnal. Apart from Nirvana, there should worship these. They are of all sorts, molten images made in Bir- are, according to Buddhism, thirty mingham, England; and molten images made in Mandalay; images chis- different states or conditions of exist- eled from alabaster, and images carved from wood. They are of all sizes- ence. Four of these are states of the reclining Buddha at Pegu is 181 feet in length-and there are little suffering in which beings pay the Buddhas only an inch or two long. Many of the people do not get be- penalty of their evil deeds. Of these yond the images in their worship, but the more intelligent say that the im- unhappy states, one is the animal age only helps them in their worship of the Buddha. There is no one to kingdom, comprizing all forms of anihear prayer, yet they pray, hoping in some way unknown to them to re- mal life. Life as an animal, whether ceive benefit. beast, fish, fowl, reptile or insect, is The Buddhist doctrine of no soul in man is not the belief popularly regarded as a punishment for sins. held by the Buddhist people. The Rurmans believe in an immaterial part The denizens of the second and third in man's nature, which may wander away temporarily, as in dreams and states of suffering are purely fabswoons, without causing death. Yhen a wife dreams of her absent husband ulous beings. The fourth state is the it means that their spirits, as we should say, have wandered away from Buddhist hell, which is divided into the bodies and met in dreamland. This belief of the Burmans is an in- eight principal hells, and these again heritance from the time they were animists. Buddhism, in fact, is only a are subdivided. One day in some of veneer over their former animistic faith. If you scratch a Burman Bud- these hells is equal to from 500 to dhist you will find a spirit worshiper. 800 of our years, and punishment The doctrine of Nirvana is too ab- there may extend up to 16,000 in- fernal years. In the larger pagodas and places of worship, supposed scenes from the states of suffering are paint- ed upon the walls, and also scenes from the states of bliss. One of the happy states is that of man, and six others are those of the nats, who are corporeal beings superior to man, and occupy six different seats on the My- inmu (Meru) mountain. The life of a nat is one of sensual bliss and may last for 500 years, but that would he eql1al to 9.000 of our years.

The nineteen remaining states are those of the Brahmas, who occu- py the higher celestial regions. They are, however, too high above the peo- ple to have much an influence upon them. – With so many attractive states of existence open to the man who can

accumulate merit sufficient to attain jects, as well as in religion, is what them, the doctrine of Nirvana has the Buddha himself is supposed to too much competition, and make little have taught. In answering the quesheadway among the Burmans. What tion, therefore, as to what the rethe Buddhist wishes is to avoid re- ligion of the Eurmans is, it is not birth in any of the states of suffering, enough simply to point to the Pali whether as an animal or in one of canon and primitive Buddhism, for the hells; he would like rebirth as a their cosmogony, geography, and much man, especially as a rich man; and of the folklore in which imagination better still, if he could attain to it, runs riot are to them, equally with would it be to be born a nat. the most ancient doctrine, part and parcel of the Buddhist faith. "Vhat about the intellectual life of the people? The Buddha was the It is impossible to present in this "Enlightened One." Are the Buddhist paper, even in barest outline, the Burpeople enlightened? His great work man view of the world. It is well set it was to abolish ignorance; how has forth in Spence Hard's well-known he succeeded in Burma? But we "Manual of Buddhism." Standing in must look to the meaning of our the center is the Myinmo (Meru) terms. The Buddha was the "en- mountain, which rises to a height of lightened one" because he thought his 84,000 yoozanas (a yoozana is 13Y; way through the mystery of rebirth English miles), and it has an equal and discovered the Four Noble Truths. depth below the sea. That part of The ignorance which he sought to the world which is the abode of men abolish was ignorance as to the neces- and animals has a diameter of 1,203,- sary connection of sorrow with exist- 400 yoozanas, and its depth is 240,- ence. The system of the Buddha 000 yoozanas. The half of this depth places all the emphasis on these so- consists entirely of dust and the other called "truths," and regards every- half of stone. Underneath this is an thing else as of no importance. Ques- enormotls volume of water, and betions of science, geography, astron- neath this another volume of air. Beomy, or even of metaphysics, are set neath the air there is nothing but aside as useless subtleties. Ignorance vacuity. This may serve as a sample of these is not the ignorance which of the Burman view of the world. It ruins. The Buddha thought that he is an unquestioned belief with those had found the path which leads to 'vho have not had a thorough train- .. the cessation of suffering, and he set ing in a mission or government school, so much by this "knowledge" that he and even by some of these it has not cared not for any other. This was yet been given up. It is only recently the spirit of primitive Buddhism. that the Government have ventured to Nevertheless, Buddhism, as we see it make geography a compulsory subject in Burma, has its cosmogony, its for. study in all the schools of the geography and its teaching upon al- land. In some schools, not mission most all subjects. Everything lay or government, but Buddhist lay open to the mind of the Buddha after schools, pupils are taught that the he obtained omniscience, and what the Buddhist view of the world i~ the Burmans now believe upon these sub- true one, but that, nevertheless, when

IN PRACTISE

the school inspector comes to make light upon the trees or the roof, the the annual examination, pupils must shape of the holes made by mice, and say that the world is round, and an- so on almost without end. swer other questions in geography in harmony with the "English" view, so The credulity and superstition of that they may be permitted to pass the Burmese make them the easy victhe examination. In the monastic tims of quacks and charlatans of schools, aside from a smattering of every description. But let us. not be arithmetic, nothing is taught save the uncharitable in our judgment. The subject of religion. The number of Burmese are, perhaps, not worse than pupils in these schools is at present other races who have never had a not great. Most men among the Bur- knowledge of the true God. They mans can read, but when they do so are naturally a people of bright mind, it is generally in a loud voice and but they are idolators, and idolatry is with little thought as to the nature of not the soil in which to grow intelthe subject-matter. A good many lect. "They that make them shall be women, particularly in Lower Burma, like unto them." can read. This is a result of missionary activity and example in the What is the moral and ethical sigeducation of girls. nificance of Buddhism? In the Bud- dha's teaching there are many beauti- From what has been said as to ful ethical precepts. His life, too, their intellectual development, it will seems to have been almost a perfect readily be imagined that the Burmese incarnation of what he taught. This are a superstitious people. It is not has been to Buddhism a source of unundertaken in this paper, however, to told power. The Buddha, in his life set forth how superstitious they are. and ethical teachings, has been often That would require a volume. They compared with the Christ. But, as a have a book called "Bedin," which is a matter of fact, the ethical system of work on astrology, explaining the Buddhism does not work in practise, signs of the heavens; another book and a careful examination reveals called "Deihton," explains the signs, many great weaknesses inherent in it good and evil, to be drawn from ob- and part and parcel of it. These it is jects upon the earm. Omens are possible here only to mention. First found in everythmg-the aspects of and greatest is the absence in it of the sun, moon and planets; from the any idea of God. Because of this it wood in one's house, boat or cart; has been necessary for the Burmans from the howling of dogs, the sing- to live lives practically atheistical, to ing of birds, and even from the in- the great detriment of their happivoluntary movements of one's own ness, character and conduct. Another body. A dog carrying a bone, a hen weakness is· the pessimism which colon her nest, the way in which one ors the whole system. Meditation is person meets another in the road, enjoined, but only on subjects best and what that person may be carry- fitted to destroy one's desire for ing, whether a broom, a spade or a existence, such as the impurities of fish; the way in which bees make the human body, which are set forth their comb, the way in which birds with disgusting minuteness, and upon'

other subjects equally unedifying. A sponsibilities, in the sorrows and trials, third defect is the absence of any which they have to bear.

appeal to the conscience, to the sense The precepts of the Buddha were of duty. The Buddhist may observe at first given only to his immediate the precepts or he may disregard disciples, the monks. But later, as them, it is a matter which concerns has been already said, the laity had himself, and the moving consideration to be recognized. Family life could with him, according to the system, not be broken up, and without the of- will be the merit which he will ac- ferings of the laity the monks them- quire in the one case or the demerit selves could not exist. There are which will come to him in the other. tlve rules which are binding upon all The earnestness which Buddhism in- Buddhists, and the morality of the culcates is thus put upon a low and Buddhist laity may be fairly tested by very selfish plane. A system of mor- the way in which these rules are ob- als in which the hope of reward and served. They are: I. Not to take the fear of punishment are the only life. 2. Not to steal. 3. Not to com- constraining motives can not help mit adultery. 4. Not to lie. 5. Not men very far up the ladder of vir- to drink intoxicating liquors.

tue. The rule against taking life applies In Christian lands the ministers of to the whole aninial kingdom. In Christian churches are preeminently Buddhism there is an identification the leaders of the people in all great of all the various forms of life, and questions of moral and social reform. hence a distorted morality with ref- In Buddhism the conception is differ- erence to man's relations to the low- ent. The monk enters the sacred pre- er animals. It tends to make the cincts of the monastery for the pur- Buddhist more kind to animals, and pose of seclusion. He is seeking for yet not to the extent which one might the calm and passionless state in think. For an animal may be treated which there is no such thing as de- most cruelly without transgressing sire. It was said of JeSl1S that he the command by actually taking its went about doing good. The same life. Under the Burman kings it was was said of the Buddha, but in this prohibited by law to kill any large he was nobly inconsistent with the animal, as the ox or buffalo. The re- precepts of his own system. Yet the sult was that animals which died of Buddhist monk, if he is an upright disease or olel age were eaten as food.

man, is by no means without influ- This is still a custom in all parts of ence in his village. As he goes quiet- Burma. There are plenty of fisher- ly about, with shaved head and bare men among the Burmans, but their feet, and clad in the yellow robe, business does not accord with their his dignified and solemn deportment religion, and they get scant respect radiate respect for his religion on all from the people, who, however, free- sides. But his influence is the silent ly buy their fish. The also buy beef influence of his manner and the garb and pork in the bazaar, the animals he wears, not the influence' of an ac- being killed by Chinamen or Moham- tive participation and fellowship with medans. They observe only the letter . the people in the burdens and re- of the law, and the motive is the fear

IN PRACTISE

of the demerit which may come to China, and with the minimum of themselves if they transgress it. labor the rich soil of their country has given them abundant harvests. As to intoxicating liquors, the Bur- Hence they have been well fed. Their man people are not drinkers. They religion could scarcely be thought of know how to prepare an intoxicating as a system devised to make men drink from rice and also from the happy, but they do not take to heart sugar of the palm, but, with rare ex- its dreary pessimism. They look to ceptions, they do not indulge in this. their offerings for the merit which is Their usual beverage is water, and to place them well in the next exthey also drink tea. In these days istence. Meanwhile they enjoy the the evil example of Europeans is present. leading some of the young men of Burma to drink, but this is opposed Their religious gatherings are of a to their religion and to the time-hon- festival nature, only a short time ored custom of their race. need be spent in worship, and the rest can be given to visiting and hav- As for the remaining three pre- ing a good time. But with many of cepts-not to steal, not to commit them "a good time" means sensuality adultery, and not to lie-it is hardly and sin. necessary in speaking to those who know human nature to say that they As elsewhere in the Orient, age are not kept. Prohibitions, mere gets reverence in Burma. Young negativisms, can not make men right- people are respectful to their elders. eous, for it is out "of the abundance Children are devoted to their parents, of the heart that the mouth speak- and will support them if they have eth" and the life is lived. Where is need. In Burma there is little of acthe non-Christian religion that can tual want as compared with India plant truth "in the inward parts?" and China. As a rule the Burmans that can give to men nobility and are kind to those in distress and will stability of character? It is certain- feed the hungry. But organized charly not Buddhism. Truthful, chaste, ity is left to the Christians. Hoshonest in business matters-the Bur- pitals and homes for lepers and schools mans are not. Yet there are indi- for the blind are not established by viduals among them who are most Buddhists in Burma. estimable people. And there are Burman Christians, who illustrate by The present is a time of transition their lives of virtue .and piety, what and change in Burma. Influences the people might have been had Christ from without have entered, estabinstead of the Buddha been their lished themselves, and grown strong. Master during these many centuries. Britain took over the government from the Burman kings and pacified From what has already been said the country. Western civilization enit will be possible to infer consider- tered. Steamboats whistle on the rivable as to social conditions among ers and railway trains speed over the the Buddhists of Burma. We can land. Communication is easy. Imtouch the subject only briefly. The migration from India and China is Burmans have never been over crowd- rapidly adding to the popUlation. Proted as have the people of India and estant missions were in Burma be-

fore the advent of the British, and monasteries. Yet the more enlightthe Roman Catholics were there be- ened of the Buddhist people will in fore the Protestants. Missions are the future tend more and more to aggressive, instant in season and out work along these lines. This is a of season. An impression upon Bud- direct result of Christian missions. dhism is being made; it is inevitable. The ties of religion are not so strong Buddhism has also been influenced as they once were, and ancient cus- by Christian teaching. Buddhists have toms are not so much regarded. This been known to hold prayer-meetings, has its bad as well as its good side. and to claim that "Nirvana is only what Jesus calls eternal life." They Just now we hear much of a "re- have said that God will reward them vival" of Buddhism. It is natural for their works of piety, and when that this should be attempted, but im- asked where God is they have pointed possible that it should succeed. It upward. Buddhism will doubtless take would be as easy to "square the over much more from Christianity and, circle" as to revive Buddhism. It of course, without ever admitting its has no principle of progress and is distinctively Christian source. out of harmony with the conditions which environ it in Burma. Buddhism While thus appropriating Christian can not assimilate Western thought teaching to itself and copying Chrisand civilization without itself ceasing tian methods of missionary work, Bud~ to exist. dhists are at the same time proclaiming that Christianity has been discredited in But what has already taken place the West, that in Europe and Amermay serve to indicate for us what the ica it is dying out, but that Buddhism course of development will probably is the religion of evolution and in be. Buddhism is doing something in alliance with modern discoveries and Anglo-vernacular school work both Western philosophy. for boys and girls; it has a tract society and a missionary society; in This is the present situation. As Rangoon there is a Y. M. C. A. said above, it is a period of change These methods have been suggested and transition. Meanwhile, Christian to Buddhists by the work of Chris- missionary work is advancing hopetian missions which they see about fully. Ultimate conquest of the land them. They are not well supported, is assured. It was Burma of which and not much has been accomplished. Dr. J ndson said so many years ago: The gifts of the people are not easily "The outlook is as bright as are the diverted from pagodas, monks and promises of God."

THE PO'VER BEHIND IDOLATRIES A vast body of truth lies behind a few words of George Dana Boardman: Satan lords it over man's moral nature. Look at the world's idolatries: at its Apis, Baal, Dagon, Mithra, Siva, the Greek and Roman mythologies, or at the idolatry of second causes, the worship of antecedent, and consequent, the adoration of the powers of nature. What is materialism but a sort of sublimated fetishism!

IN THE THROES OF NATIONAL

REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D., CONSTANTINOPLE ~~'="~;?)lALF a century .ago the Chinese on whose mental integrity people of America were and stability of character we can most enduring the anguish of confidently rely to meet the changes "a new birth in free- which coming years will usher in." dom." At tremendous cost was the world as- Nearer home we may contemplate with intelligent and sympathetic insured that "government of the people, terest the throes of national rebirth by the people and for the people as they have been revealed before our should not perish from the earth." eyes for three years past, in the ef- fort to unite into one people the We know now far better than the various Mussulman and non-Mussulmost sanguine prophet of that time man races, who alike regard the soil knew what that new birth in freedom of Turkey as their fatherland. means to the other peoples of the world. The influence in Europe of On April 27, 1909, there ended at the vindication of popular govern- once the nine months' farce of conment in America was immediate and stitutional government with a typical beneficent, and it has been permanent. Oriental despot on the throne, and the reign, extending over a third of Perhaps no man living fifty years a century, of the Sultan Abdul Hamid ago foresaw the stupendous power of IL In fact, the new regip1e began influence which popular government, from that hour. Glance back four justified in America, would exert years. How did the Mussulman and upon the old nations of Asia. Even the non-Mussulman in Turkey regard now, occupied as we are with solv- the future of their country? They ing political problems close .at hand, were all rank pessimists. How could do many clearly see how far American they be anything else? All power national life in liberty is revolution- was in the hands of an irresponsible izing Oriental peoples? autocrat, self-imprisoned in the treb- ly guarded rooms of his own palace. Only my lifelong residence in the Venality, hypocrisy, sycophancy, ly- Ottoman Empire justifies me in pre- ing reduced to a fine art, had reached suming to shed some light upon the in the entourage of the imperial palproblems now in process of solution ace the ne pittS ultra of infamy. Dire in the nearer East. Touching the poverty and heartless oppression had vaster problems of the farther East, made the people hopeless. Men charged as they are with momentous learned how to talk for hours about issues not for China alone, but for all idle nothings to escape the fangs of mankind, I have no claim to speak. the ubiquitous spy. Upright men Do not those stupendous movements and uprightness itself were banished immeasurably transcend in interest from the realm. Truth was not curand importance nineteen-twentieths rent coin. Any man who dared speak of the news with which our daily truth in or near the Star Palace fled papers are filled? Thirty years ago the country or was exiled. Liberty! Dr. Wells lilliams, who then knew The word could neither be spoken both China and Japan better than any other American, said to me: "Of the people of the farther East, it is the

nor printed. The only peace that race. Every officer of a Moslem state reigned was the peace of a graveyard. is equally a civil and a religious offi- cer. This was the inheritance of the party of revolution and reform which Now note that when the constituseriously undertook the administra- tional regime really came into power in tion of government in a land all sea- Turkey, with the deposition and decost and border line, with jealous ene- portation from the capital of Abdul mies on every quarter, with its in- Hamid, Austria-Hungary had already ternal resources wantonly wasted or annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, utterly neglected, with nine-tenths of Bulgaria had hastened to cut the last the Moslem population altogether un- bond which bound her to Turkey, ready and unwilling to be of service and Crete was prevented from folin the new era of reform. For age- lowing suit by the intervention of the long antipathy has existed between Powers. Mussulman and subject Christian races, and equally between different It was a sine qua non for the suc- Mussulman races, the Arab hating cess of the new order that the the Turk, neither Arab nor Albanian military forces of the empire, .alloyally subject to Ottoman rule. ready formidable, be reorganized and strengthened. Accordingly, the mili- Christian aspiration, violently sup- tary leader, Mahmoud Shevket Pasha, prest for half a millennium in the who, in April, 1909, leaped by one Armenian and Greek peoples, sprang hound into world-wide fame, has been into new life. the strongest man in the government for the past three years, exercising Both those races are the inheritors martial law at the capital and underof a very ancient and noble national taking the control of affairs throughhistory of which they are justly out the country, including Albania proud. The relation of the average and Arabia, by military forces, ex- Christian races to their Mohammedan pending thereon more than half the rulers during all the centuries of their revenues of the empire.

subjection has been one of acknowl- At the outset much sympathy was edged inferiority. The Turks have shown to Turkey in her efforts at utilized their Christian subjects in reform by all the states and peoples their own interest, and have despised of Europe. This is part and parcel rather than hated them. The sup- of European history during the past pression of national aspiration, re- three years. Many most essential sulting from these conditions, has reforms were carried out, and that made the change which has now tran- promptly, to the credit of the new spired more significant and emphatic. order. The infamous spy system was swept away at one stroke. Freedom It should never be forgotten that of travel, of the press, of public asrace and religion are in Mussulman sembly, became facts in the life of Turkey quite identical. A Gregorian the people for the first time in the Armenian who becomes a Catholic is course of Ottoman history. It was now a Catholic, not an Armenian. A impossible for the new-formed gov- Greek who becomes a Protestant is ernment at once to dismiss from ofregarded by the Greeks as having severed himself from that illustrious

I9I2] TURKEY IN THE THROES OF NATIONAL REBIRTH 35 J

fice all unworthy and incompetent viz. : the uniting into one people of the 11len and fill their places with upright, several races of which the Ottoman capable and loyal men. There were Empire is composed. But the actual not enough good and capable men to realization of this ideal requires not go round. Besides, the sudden dis- three years or three times three, but missal from office of many thousands at least the time for two generations of men, parasites tho they were, was of me~ to pass over the stage of acfraught with peril. These men would tion, and the practical difficulties in form a great army of malcontents the way of its realization are complex and conspirators against the new gov- and numerous beyond all calculation. ernment. It is a Herculean task, and as yet we look in vain for a Hercules to per- In April, 1909, thousands of men form it. of many races, many of them patriots and possest of European education, Mistakes! Of course there will be had returned to their Fatherland, and mistakes made. But was there ever little by little they became leaders in a task undertaken by mortal men civil affairs, in the press and in Par- where the really able and patriotic liament; and, however many and leaders more richly deserved the symserious the shortcomings of the Otto- pathy of free peoples? Here is an man Parliament during the three instance of the impossibility of doyears of its existence, it may fairly ing the things the leaders in the new be said that vVestern Parliaments of- regime saw that actual conditions reten live in glass houses and should quired and even when they did their not throw stones. best to meet the need. Nazim Pasha, one of the ablest and most upright All this was but a beginning in the public servants Turkey ever had, was actual establishment of constitutional sent, as both civil and military govgovernment in the sense of govern- ernor, to the great, remote province of ment "of the people by the people Bagdad. The Beys, who had done as and for the people." "By the people" they pleased for cycles of time, did must still and for long years to come, not like this reforming ruler. They both in the near and the farther East, jumped upon him with both feet and in all Asia, in fact, and in Africa, all together, and Nazim had to be also, be eliminated from the state- retired. The administration of the ment which expresses what popular distant province of Tripoli also was government in its true sense really waiting for better times and better is. Even within the party of reform men. differing and opposed ideas quickly emerge. The Greeks cherish hopes The Present Situation and plans that differ radically from those of the Turks. The Armenians N ow we face conditions which mean by patriotism, a word they are every true friend of Turkey profond of, something which bears little foundly regrets. Conciliation, not resemblance to the meaning the Turks force, should have been used for reattach to the term. It is a noble ideal storing normal order in Albania. which the "Young Turks" announced as that which they meant to realize, The Albanians, Mussulman and non-Mussulman alike, insisted on their

right to use their own language in be expected? A rising of Turks, the Latin character in their schools, Arabs and other Moslems against all a right which the Government should Christians was to be expected.

have granted. Now observe the self-restraint and In consequence of the course adopt- the justice of Turks under dire ed by the Government in Albania, and provocation. They discriminated be- the very serious sufferings to which tween Italians and other Christians.

the Albanians were subjected, sym- They did not declare a Holy War, pathy for the Turks cooled through- tho hate toward their ruthless ene- out Europe. Italy saw her chance. mies burned within them. If the During the reign of Abdul Hamid, new order in Turkey can stand such among the Powers of Europe there a strain as Italy has most unrighteous- was an unwritten agreement or secret ly subjected it to, it will mean 1110re understanding that at the approach- of character in the patriuts of that ing disruption and partition of the land than Christendom has credited Ottoman Empire the share of Italy them with. Turkey feels her need should be the province of Tripoli in of help from peoples of the Vest.

North Africa. So Italy, taking no Especially does she respect and trust advice from any European state, and Americans, and may we not cherish utterly ignoring the I-Iague agreement, the hope that this unjust war will re- to which she was co-signatory with sult in better opportunities for Amer- Turkey, launched her ultimatum, tho icans to aid the educational, social she had no casus belli, and hurled and political rebirth of those ancient her well-prepared fleet and army peoples of that historic land?

across the Mediterranean sea on the Ever since the work of American most gigantic piratical expedition missionaries in Turkey began, the known to history. missionaries have lived in the midst The Arabs appeared to submit, of the Mohammedan population, on even, it was claimed, to welcome the friendly and kindly terms with their invader! Did not the Italians under- . ::Ioslem neighbors. As the years stand those Arabs? Did they believe have passed the observant Turks have them so pusillanimous as to give up come to trust and esteem these Amer- their homes without lifting a hand to icans resident among them. Old save or retake them? Suddenly the prejudices have yielded, interest has Arabs fell upon unsuspecting Italian been awakened among the Moslems regiments from the rear and slew to understand the reasons why some hundreds of their men. They these foreign Christians represent an were acting according to their laws intelligence and a prosperity and a of war and according to the teach- social order which is wholly foreign ings of their religion. What then? to their own experience. Little by The Italians, who had seized their little they have begun to read the land, and had brought over their Christian Scriptures circulated in their priests to convert the Arabs to their own language, also other books and faith, remorsely slew 4,000 men, booklets of Christian teaching. In women and children, on the plea of the more recent years they have ob- military necessity! What was then to served and praised the educational

12] INFLUE)!CE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

work done by American missionaries, under the new order of government and have begun to send their own in the years to come. sons and daughters to American schools. Let the Great Powers, if they must, remain neutral, muzzled, while the Vithin the last score of years hos- unequal contest rages between Italy pitals and dispensaries have been es- and Turkey. The press and the tablished by American missionaries peoples of Christendom have, with in the chief interior cities of the em- great unanimity, condemned the conpire, and more than one-half of the duct of Italy and lifted up their hands patients treated in these institutions in horror at the ruthless massacres llave been Moslems of the various perpetrated by Italian soldiers. Turkey races. at the outset begged and begged in vain for the mediation of Christian Tn these ways the Turks have been Powers. She has despaired of rereading object-lessons 111 practical ceiving fr0111 any Christian Power the Christianity, and that with marked help her righteous claims fully merand permanent resuas. They do not ited. She is enduring the throes of yet show a desire to change their an- national rebirth, deserted and alone. cestral religion for that of these new- To Americans within her borders, er races of the West. Is it surpri- and to the free people of this land zing, in view of what they know of she looks for sympathy, and when European Christianity, that they do the crisis is past, for substantial help not? But the influences that are in the development of national life extended among them are already made secure by education and moral fraught with blessing and contain the uplift based on American-let us say, promise of vastly greater blessings Ch ristia n-ideal s.

INFLUENCE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS BY YING-YUEH YANG, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK, N. Y.

N the way fr0111 ma- proof falls; and as far as this is con- cerned, no Descartes has ever yet suc- IOI terialism to conscious- ceeded. If such extreme materialists ness of religion, the are few, it is because Confucius, their Chinese student finds greatest Chinese authority 011 moral that his own intellec- questions, did not deny, but confest tual faculty, fostered by ignorance of what is beyond this a fair amount of scientific learning, world. Of those who appreciate the becomes a great barrier which seems value of this confession of ignorance, unsurmountable at first. Until the the attitude toward religion is entirely rock cliff becomes transparent, he can different from those of the materialist, not be induced to see the road beyond tho scarcely more satisfactory acit. For the few through and through cording to the strictly Christian point materialists, the existence of super- of view. They seem to regard renatural being remains to be proved by ligion as a factor-a means to an end. those on whose side the burden of

Some of them, however, would read- religious phase of life of a large numily concede, after a careful examina- Ler of Chinese students. Out of 800 tion of facts, that the Christian re- Chinese students in this country, only ligion, with all its historical process of about 200 are Christians and probadaptation and improvement, has been ably one or two Mohammedans. a very great factor in securing prog- Every year there are several who, ress and happiness for mankind. having been convinced of the trutli 'Wherever there is Christianity, there and usefulness of Christianity, adopt is progress, there is wealth and there the Christian faith. During the last is power. But as long as it is not the year, fifteen such cases were recordonly means to the end (which is, of ed; a majority of these persons, howcourse, true, if the hypothesis be tak- ever, had received missionary educaen for granted), they have good rea- tion before they came to America. son to refuse distorting their intel- This gives us an idea of the extent lectual faculty to solve this spiritual of America's religious influence upon riddle. In other words, they approach the Chinese students. Curious enough, religion from ethics, and not from the such influence does not necess<.rily metaphysical nor from any other come from religious institutions. The point of view. results are to be classified as the by- products of intellectual enlightenment, The majority of the Chinese stu- as we shall presently see. dents in America were not brought up in Christian families. They were not According to a prominent member familiar with the teachings of Christ of the Chinese Stuctents' Christian until they were full-grown. They are Association, who is also well acquaintnot profound in Western rnusic, ed with those who have recently be- Western poetry, and Western classics. come Christians, it was the intellec- At home they have seen more of West- tual influence that brought about the ern aggression than they have heard change in their belief. "They were of Western preaching. Owing to convinced," said he, "rather than conthese facts, they lack the essential verted." Their spiritual faculty was means of access to the understanding enabled to see through the rock cliff of concrete religious concepts. To which once formed an unsurmountthem, religious teaching seems to be able barrier to their pure reason. Of largely for the preservation of moral course, when one undergoes a deciorder, of which China has too much, sive change such as that of religion, while scientific learning is for prog- other influences of a more or less ress, of which China has too little. emotional nature must also have been We suspect that even some of the present. But in the case of the Chi- Christian Chinese students hold this nese student with the peculiar circumview. stances of his early education, the in- tellectual aspect of the problem evi- This lack of means of access to the dently has to be solved first. Then. appreciation of concrete religious con- just as some are brought into concepts, combined with the earnestness sciousness of religion, many others with which they pursue their studies are brought nearer to such state of conthat are of material use to China, ac- sciousness through the action of the counts for the undue neglect of the

OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

same influence which has a tendency garded as antagonistic to religious to remove misunderstanding and to ideas, could have an effect on the Chihumble the conceited. Those who are nese student favorable to religious thus brought nearer to religion, tho ideas. The answer is, that while these indefinite as to their position, will by studies are in general incompatible no means be less significant in the with certain specific religious dogmas, future religious development in China. they nevertheless serve to confirm and to give a more permanent support to Splendid opportunities to obtain en- the fundamental principles of religion lightenment on religious questions, es- with which they are not in conflict. pecially their philosophical side, are frequently found during a student's There is an actual case of a Chinese career in, America. Such opportuni- girl student, who, tho highly educated ties, however, are not necessarily in in Chinese literlLture and old ethical! the nature of religious exercises. Pub- ideas, and not without a conservative lic lectures on religious and philoso- tl1rn of mind, became a Christian after phical subjects, especially the latter, a very few years' stay in America. college studies in sociology, social She testified to her friends that it was sciences, comparative religion, and her unc1erstan'ding of the fundamental ethics, and sometimes even friendly principles of Christianity that made conversation on religious topics, all her become a Christian in order to let these have a convincing influence on her future conduct be guided by those the student. To many of the Chinese principles. We have reason to bestudents who maintain the idea that lieve that her religious principles, like while the material civilization of the that of many other Chinese students West may be superior to that of the in this country, is probably inclined to Chinese, the superiority of the moral be liberal, but it is perhaps equally civilization still belongs to the latter, true that it will be useful and will the above-mentioned studies enables stand the test of many a hard probthem to value the Western institutions lem. Another student testifies that he according to the Western point of became thoroughly convinced of the view, and finally to enable them to ad- truth of Christian doctrines through mit of certain modifications to their the chance reading of a certain book original view. To the materialistic, on that subject. Here the change is these studies are extremely alluring at perhaps entirely free from emotional the outset on account of the seeming or other inexplicable factors. Howharmony with their convictions, Their ever, we must not think that inspirit of scientific inquiry induces tellectual forces alone can always be them to go deeper into those branches sufficient to change a person from of learning, till finally the same spirit non-Christian into Christian-a procof theirs force them to see that in order ess which must require something to be scientific, they must admit of cer- more than pure reasoning. Of the tain principles and facts tho these may fifteen converts, the majority are enginot have occurred to themselves in ac- neering and agricultural students who tual experience of life. It may be could not have had much opportunity questioned, however, why these sec- to go deeply into those philosophical ular studies, which are generally re- studies, save from public lectures and

general literature. Some motive force acteristics now dormant in these seeds, is always essential. The effect of per- will grow with leaps and bounds besonality which serve as concrete ex- fore the end of the present generaamples of good Christian product is tion. usually a source of inspiration to the Chinese students who happen to be Altho the number of converts is brought into contact with the best cul- small, it must not be supposed that tured class of American society. Per- the moral and religious influences of sons whom the students regard as America fail to cut a figure in those their superiors in learning and experi- who remain non-Christian. The selfence, who are sincere in what they sacrificing spirit of the Americans. represent with indefatigable spirit of whether attributed to religious origin self-sacrifice and yet 'free from selfish or to the characteristic restlessness of motives in whatever they undertake, the people, invariably impresses the these impress the students as if there Chinese student as an excellent, usel11ust be some powerful force behind ful quality. Abstractly considered, it the moral maxims which at their best is a moral maxim. Concretely aponly guide each particular conduct plied, it is patriotism-patriotism not separately. One Chinese student who in the sense of fighting spirit, nor of was baptized a few years ago told us race conceit, but of usefulness to that his observation on the work of one's own community. He sees pathe Y. M. C. A. in a certain city gave triotism in being an engineer, in being him a strong moral lesson. The zeal a fanner, or a teacher. In other with which they work, the small re- words, it is the realization of the muneration they receive and the scar- larger aim of one's education. The city of chances for popular distinc- longer one studies in America, the tion show very plainly that their mo- more anxiously one longs for the tive can not but be the highest of actual application of his acquired motives. This little casual observa- know ledge. The more one observes tion served as the main influence that of America, the better he loves his made him adopt the Christian faIth. own country. When one pursues a study, he does so mainly because it If number is always a correct in- will be of use to China, and only dex of result, then we must say that partly for his own personal pros- America has not greatly influenced pects. 'When one abstains from a the Chinese students toward religion. temptation, he does so not so much The potentiality, however, is hardly for the sake of his own reputation as estimable. Vho knows if these few for the sake of the reputation of converts might not contain the seeds the Chinese, The Chinese Students' of future Christendom in China? If Monthly has adopted the motto: "The the conditions in China turn out love of our country guides." And to be favorable to their flourishing, the same kind of spirit can be found which, above all, require a form of in almost every Chinese student to a government that promises the maxi- varying extent. mum amount of tolerance, it is safe to say that Christianity, not without However, this curious growth of tints of American ideals and char- patriotic zeal in a foreign land does not find its origin solely in the i111ita-

tion of American activeness. Amer- poses this principle may be sufficient, ica has its negative influences that because at this stage of the world's stimulate as weIl as positive influ- civilization, patriotism is perhaps one ences that inspire. The appeIlation of the best ways to be of use to of "Chinaman," with all its custom- humanity. But is this broad and ary implications, is something that deep enough to give permanence to has never been experienced at home. his character? 'What if the emotion- Until they arrive in America, the al incentives are withdrawn? What if Chinese students, deceived by the im- he returns home, whither no stimulapression conveyed by the mission- tion wil! follow at his heels? At aries, never knew that the Exclusion present he may solemnly declare that Law was considered right by all he will follow this sacred principle American people. Then, at public during all his life. But even if we occasions, after "My Country, 'tis of believe that he will be faithful to his Thee," comes the question: "What is word, still there is one question that your national song?" In the course he must answer: What makes selfof friendly conversation, the expres- sacrifice a duty? Let him base his sions "your people," "your country," answer on science, philosophy or anyetc., are especially significant to the thing. If America could help him ears of the sensible. All these ex- answer it to his own satisfaction, periences tend to augment the con- then his position will be a strong one sciousness of being a foreigner-a indeed. guest; and with that all the secret resolutions to "make good." N ow let us examine the other di- rection of the American influences In spite of all this fiery spirit of and discuss those changes experienced patriotism in the heart, the expres- by the Chinese students who were alsion of the Chinese students in Amer- ready Christians before they came to ica has always been of the cool, de- this country. liberative sort. American education and American atmosphere in general Missionaries in China usually do have the magic power to reduce the not like their Chinese pupil to come temperature of the hot-headed. To to study in America. It is not bemake a stump speech, to throw a cause they wish to keep them ignobomb, these are the favorite duties of rant as some might think. Partly it is the Japanese educated; but to open a because they need their assistance in mine, to till the Manchurian waste, China, and partly because they are these fit the temperament of the afraid that they might meet with bad American educated. We do not mean influences that are dangerous to their to discredit the one or the other. It religious ideas, or that they might be is in harmony with the theory of the led into temptation. In the opinion division of labor. of the Chinese students, this is a serious mistake. It can not be dis- A man not identified with a par- puted that those who return with an ticular creed is thus found identified American education will be far more with his national cause. Patriotism efficient in rendering service to China has become his religion, self-sacri- than those who have not had the fice his sacred duty. For all pur-

privilege. If this be true, those mis- strengthen the fundamental principles sionaries, with all their sincere good which he now retains. wishes for the welfare of China, could not consistently incorporate into In China a large part of the mis- the narrow limits of their mission in- sionary work is to teach people to stitutions that which promises to be of substitute the invisible God for their greater assistance to the nation-a idols, and to discuss the truth of the nation that has more urgent needs to one and the fallacy of the other. It look after than the need for preach- is to teach people to substitute faith ers and ministers. in future life for faith in ancestors, and to discuss the merits of the one That their pupils would change and the demerits of the other. This their religious ideas is a correct kind of teaching is undoubtedly very guess, but that the change would be fundamental and very important, es- of such a nature that it should be pecially for the ignorant class; and if guarded against is an entirely un- we were in the place of those misnecessary apprehension. When guid- sionaries, we might not be able to deed by knowledge, a change in one's vise any better method of procedure. religious ideas can not but be for the But what is psychologically suitable better. It is not a revolution; it is to one class may not be intelligible development, it is a process of puri- to another. The thinking people fication. It is a transition from a would naturally ask: What can be person with a vast mass of unsys- the obj ect of this series of substitutematic beliefs, piled on him without tions? As far as the beliefs are conbeing digested through his own in- sidered, are they not the same? To tellectual process, into a person with these questions the missionaries are a few guiding principles adopted by undoubtedly learned enough to give a himself after a long period of self- satisfactory answer, but unfortunateinquiry. The latter is usually more ly such queries and answers do not impregnable and more useful as a often take place. When those intellisource of inspiration to others. gent students come out to America, the home of those missionaries, they According to some of the Chris- do not find that kind of preaching tian Chinese students, the mission- any more. People do not pray and ary educated Christians, after a few worship as much as they are exyears' stay in this country, usually pected to do. An ordinary American become liberal in their religious views. strives for a living, and he usually But "liberal" is not the exact word can not afford much time in worshipto be used here, for liberalism and ing, praying, or even brooding over conservatism are not the important his religious views. Some may distinctions in religion. These usual- strive for political power, and when ly have reference to the quantity and they get it, they work for the benefit form, rather than the quality and spirit, of the United States. And so is of belief. A Chinese student, after hav- everybody doing something of some ing been in America for some time, practical use. Religion seems only a may discard certain beliefs which he sort of sub-conscious, guiding prinheld before, but he does so only to ciple. Then, they see charity organ-

INFLUENCE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

ization, settlement houses, anti-tuber- ion has been differently regarded by culosis campaigns, child-labor or- persons who are equally great in ganizations and a thousand-and-one their character. Sociology teaches similar undertakings based upon the them, in the language of a Christian principles of modern scientific phil- Chinese student who has had the exanthropy. Everyone of these under- perience, "to see religion in its right takings has a definite, practical aim perspective." And so is this happy in view, viz.: the strife for the ma- expression applicable to all obserterial and moral advancement of the vations on American society. In people; and yet how little attention other words, their knowledge now enthey pay to worship and preaching, ables them to see more clearly the and still less do they argue for or real significance and the real function against any particular kind of belief of religion. or formality! The people connected with these undertakings, and people If we believe that they have seen throughout the American community, the real significance of religion, it is seem to be permeated with the same obvious that the change in their views spirit of earnestness and self-sacri- does not necessarily minimize the imfice, yet how much of this spirit portance of ministry work in China. seems, at least on the surface, to be I f missionary work is conducted in due to the characteristic fondness of accordance with the most up-to-date activity. conceptions of Christianity, it will be- come much more effident, especially All this observation constitutes one among the intelligent class of people. great lesson-the essence of the most up-to-date Christian work, of which Ve have discust the general trend they had only a partial understanding of the change in the religious underwhile they were in China. Now they standing of the Chinese students. It begin to see clearly that the chief does not mean that every Christian aim of a religious person is not mere- Chinese student undergoes that change ly to worship, to pray or to have in the same manner after he has been one's so11 redeemed, but it consists in this country for some time. in doing service for the community. The belief itself is a motive force, a Aside from religious influences, the guiding spirit, bnt can not be the sole effect of Americanism in general is aim of one's life. perceivable in every Chinese student. Manners and habits are but trival What they have thus learned from matters. Commercialism, for instance, observation is again confirmed by infests probably every foreigner who their studies. Economics teaches them comes to this country. College aththat the importance of the material letics and college activities have a'trewell-being of a people can not be mendously good influence upon those underestimated; that a banker, for in- who mingle freely with the American stance, is not necessarily a non-re- students. These are too obvious to ligious person, while a preacher is need further description. Social inalways exposed to the danger of be- tercourse with the better class of ing classified as unproductive labor. American people tends to cultivate Philosophy teaches them how relig- good-fellowship and appreciation of

high culture, tho much of the room learning. Fortunately, true to superficiality falls far short of ma- the law of frequency, these extreme king an impression. The American types are few in number. Judging vaudeville, however, is a serious hin- by the standard of usefulness to drance to the appreciation of higher China at the present stage, both these art, higher music and more refined categories are not very desirable. sense of humor. This affects the Americans, perhaps, just as much Evils exist in America just as they as the foreigners, but especially the exist everywhere in this world. But Chinese students, who usually can there are three conditions of suscepnot afford time to acquire artistic tibility to evil influences: education, learning in addition to scientific. environment and the consciousness of a rational aim. The university edu- Some Chinese students have a cation and university environment tendency to absorb everything, wheth- are probably the best obtainable anyer tasteful or distasteful; and after where, and, combined with these, ala few years they become complete- most every Chinese student is conly Americanized, except for their scious of a rational aim. If isolated physiognomy. Others tend to remain cases should be found of Chinese the same; and when they leave Amer- students tempted into evils, let us ica, their ideas are not changed, ex- assume that it is not the fault of cept with an additional store of c1ass- American influence, and therefore does 110t come under onr discussion.

SIAM AND HER NEW KING BY P. L. S. T.

NE of the slowest and government service, but the multitude to-day are largely in ignorance. mO rJ almost the last country Nevertheless, the unrest is here. The II:] of Asia to feel the im- people want information. They will pulses 0 f the W orld's get it somehow. If some officials hope unrest is Siam. Tem- to prevent the sun rising upon the ~ poran·1y secure m. the people of Siam they have a hard job entente cordiale between England and ahead of them. The days of silent France, she is following the lead of submission are rapidly passing. Anher Warrior Prince and making ready cient forms of injustice are now few for a struggle to come. A navy is in Siam. The late king swept away out of the question, but every able- most of them. But in what a narrow bodied man in the kingdom is to be sense are the people of Siam "free"! a soldier. Schools and other elemen- Sodden in superstition; enthralled by tary necessities to lift the common demon powers, real or imaginary; people and make them the peers of drugged by "civilized" atmosphere the people of surrounding nations; imported from "the outside country" ; these slow~working processes are ta- a people without an industry; patriotking second place-or third place. ism literally trodden out by centuries Siam has been educating men for

PRESENT KING OF

On Death of Father, Chula long Korn, October 23, 1910. Educated in England.

Thirty-one years old last January.

of official oppression; loyalty among ~t'e may apply our hearts unto uris- the people, not a sign of it; honor, dom."

not in the colloquial; courage, possible The second year of the present of cultivation; obedience, servile or king's reign is well under way. He blind, or child-like "follow your was successfully crowned in the pres- leader" ; mutual distrust universal ence of Prince Alexander of Teck, among all classes. What an enormous Prince Waldemar, Prince Fushimi, job the young king has before him! Colonel Febiger, U. S. A., et al. About No wonder he takes himself seriously. three weeks previous, at the close of The pathos of his appeals to the Tai the year's mourning for the late king, traditions of the past would wring the sun graciously allowed himself to blood out of a stone. be partially eclipsed by the moon- Without question the Tai race has considered a most "lucky sign."

back of it a record for manly quali- The coronation ritual was purely ties that demands recognition, and Oriental, Brahmanical, Buddhistical the germ of genuine manhood prob- and most mystical. But King Vaji- ably lies here dormant, notwithstand- ravudh had been educated in England.

ing the effect of the dark ages from Therefore the wise prophets easily a which the race is only now emerging. foretold an event in Bangkok Those who have lived among the peo- l'Anglaise. Thousands of modern ple for many years can see the traces troops, the presence of eight foreign of the ancient Tai ancestry, and can princes and two foreign princesses, see great possibilities before the race. representatives from every first and But the problem demands more than second-class power, shiploads of mod- an unselfish patriotic king. It de- ern European motor cars, furniture, mands more than a handful of honest machinery, electric illuminations, and princes and a few wise noblemen. It what not-how orientally unoriental!

demands more than a sprinkling of Read now a few clauses from what educated, faithful and efficient gov- may be called The King's Coronation ernment servants. Speech: "Deeply moved, we assure The common remark, that you can you that we are fully conscious that not make an honest official of a Sia- a great trust has been confided to us, mese, is not only unfair, but it is un- namely, the common weal and inde- true. Among these officials and among pendence of our nation. We our- the army officers are many noble men, selves, conscious of our position as some of whom awaken genuine af- the inheriter of this high national fection as well as admiration. During trust, are firmly resolved to maintain late years there has been a marked it." "Love, loyalty, justice, growth in official honesty and hard equity . . . and not the least of all.

work, as well as efficiency. Some the preservation of national unity and have been developed from the com- cultivation of mutual friendship– mon people. The one great need to- these qnalities form the strongest day.is the recognition of actual con- foundation on which our national ex- ditions and the determination to find istence will rest, and not belie its name the remedy and apply it at all costs. as the nation of the free." "Help "So teach us to Humber ollr days, that to show the world that our

AND HER NEW

noble Tai nation is not dead yet, but and Religion. His Majesty also has organized the Boy Scouts of Siam. enjoys and will continue to enjoy, an In season and out of season, and with practical proofs of his own unselfishexistence proud, virile and progres- ness, he is continually seeking means of cultivating patriotism in a people sive." "In the pursuit of this sacred unconscious of what patriotism means.

duty we shall not spare King Maha Vajiravudh, so unique in morals, so patriotic in motive, so ourselves. Our own per- modern and wise in speech, is never- theless most conservative, if not resonal comfort shall count for naught. actionary, in some things. He is put- ting forth prodigious efforts to revive We know too well that should calam- Buddhism as "Our Holy Religion." He well knows that the past chaotic ity befall our national existence, the mixture of Buddhism for show and demonolatry for practise, and the personal independence of everyone of present fad for lazy, civilized agnos- ticism, are destructive of all moral and us will be involved in the common spiritual growth. The King's tastes are literary. They have been so ever ruin." "Ve must rely upon the mu- since his days in Oxford. He is dramatic by instinct. He is a mystic of tual help and accord of the Tai people; mystics. The unfathomable aggrega- tions of Brahman and Buddhistic and therefore it behooves everyone to philosophies provide sources of enjoy- ment for this serious ruler. For devote his earn.est attention to the years in Europe, he was a silent wit- ness to the unlovely inconsistencies duties allotted to him. Those in ad- of "Christians" of innumerable sects. Half of his country was forcibly anml11lstrative authority should dis- nexed by a so-called Christian Govern- ment while he was studying under charge their functions in a just· and Christian tutors in England. If he is now searching in Buddhism the secret honorable manner. Mutual consider- that can not be found therein, what wonder? ation should be shown, and self-in- Oh ye subjects of the King of Kings dulgence set aside." "Let no person in far-off America, who so half- heartedly have sent and supported of the Tai race forget these high prin- missionaries to Siam-what responsi- bilities are yours! The depth of your ciples." Christianity, the worthiness of it is be- ing sounded to-day in Siam. THE With quiet, stern-even obstinate- MEASURE OF SIAM'S NEED IS THE MEASdetermination this new King has URE OF YOUR OPPORTUNITY. treated with apparent scorn customs considered inseparable from a Sia- mese king. Officially, no one speaks of these wide-sweeping, radical changes "in the palace." One"farang" (for- eigner) unkindly suggested the pos- sible return of an ancient demon with forty other demons also, etc. But foreigners can ill afford to joke at the expense of a Siamese king who has suddenly pulled to Siam's topmast a moral standard, and in unmistakable terms has indicated that, in some mat- ters at least, even a king may have a will of his own.

In loyal obedience to this mysterious king, thousands of officials-big and little-throughout the kingdom have joined a volunteer military organiza- tion, called "The Wild Tiger Corps,"

swearing allegiance to King, country

FACING THE CHINESE

BY REV. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D., SHANGHAI I C)HINA has at last defi- tions there are, but we in the "YVest rJ nitely broken with the sometimes envy them for points in ~ past. She has refused which we appear to be deficient. to be throttled any longer by the dead 2. The problem of a stifficient popu- hand of tradition. The lation. Some Westetn nations are heading for race suicide. Kipling commentators have been dethroned. said, "There are three nations that She, therefore, faces a future about can work, but only one (Chinese) which the only certainty is that it is that can swarm." :Moreover, without big with difficulties. She needs the any knowledge of modern medicine help of Christian nations now more and hygiene, they are a hardy people than ever. She indeed faces the and physically the fittest on the globe. problems before her hopefully, and Their people are, therefore, a national there is reason for this optimism. She success. has lived a long time, and gained some experience. She has fought her 3. The problem of unemployment way through many difficulties before, and support of her people. China and her success in the past is heart- has learned well in the school of ening in reference to the years and struggle that "if a man does not trials that are to come. work, neither shall he eat." True, parasites have waxed numerous in We have been accustomed to think late years, but the percentage is small that China was largely a failure, a compared with the millions who work sort of derelict, which ought to be and live. Her land system is free taken in hand and governed bv acolll- from the evils of landlordism, for mission of alien experts. This was the great mass of her people are the solemn proposal of an American small holders of freehold land. To divine on the eve of the revolution. this system is doubtless partly due But China's recent state was due not her success in feeding her myriads, to inherent incapacity, but to con- famines to the contrary. servatism and misgovernment. Tho brought so low by circumstances, she 4. The problem of making her has had a glorious past. Let us briefly people satisfied with their lot. They indicate seven problems of her past know how to be full and how to be in which she had a very large meas- hungry. Fatalism and stoicism does ure of success, until misrule, and an not wholly explain this contentment. excessive population made success im- Exactly how the problem was solved possible along the old lines. She we may not be able to tell, but the solved: 1. The problem of family fact remains. "Tribulation worketh life. In no country is there more patience." solidarity of the family than in China. It was not in vain that the Sages and S. The problem of creating respect Confucius and Mencius after them for law. Without this the task of made filial piety the cornerstone of government is very difficult, if not their society. Defects and exaggera- impossible. This Chinese instinct will be a valuable asset in the new Re- public. Men fa:miliar with other Oriental peoples on learning of this trait scribed. If we ponder them well, of the Chinese have exclaimed with our prayers in her behalf will become surprize: How do they manage to more fervent and intelligent. keep the people from constantly flying at each other's throats? The 01inese 1. Clean collection of the taxes. Sir respect law, even if it be a bad one. Robert Hart drew up a masterly state paper on this subject, which will doubt- 6. The problem of securing men of less be helpful now. He showed how ability for the offices of the govern- six times more revenue could be dement. In other countries office is too rived simply from the land taxes withoften the spoil of the partizan or the out adding a penny to the rate. Many political wire-puller. In China the of China's difficulties are due to lack scholar alone was eligible. In the of revenue. The solution of this ~West the scholar usually declines the problem is the key to other probburden. Not so in China. As Plato lems. But how can it be solved withheld, philosophers ruled. Favoritism out an army of conscientious men? and graft were the exception till the Christians believe that such grow Manchus. only on their Tree of Life. .

7. The problem of religious peace. 2. Men for the new times. Men The religions have had their wars and of education, even of the latest Westpersecutions in the past, but for cen- ern type, will come in time from the turies there has been mutual tolera- new schools, but she needs men of tion. Contrast with this the state of incorruptible integrity and pure pub- India, where Moslems fight with Hin- lic spirit. Otherwise the remark of dus, and must be kept in order by the her own son, Su Chin, in olden days, British raj. China has 30,000,000 will apply: "I have only changed my Moslems who usually are quiet and clothes, the man is still the same." orderly citizens. 3. The problem of popular educa- Ve may differ as to the amount tion. In the past education was only of China's past success in solving for the well-to-do. The republic dethese problems, and also as to the sires universal education, which is methods she employed. But she was costly. Yet, it is indispensable if the acting according to her lights at that vote is given to the masses, who will time, and she simply did what she not forever remain without it. "We could, until the light of the 'Vest must educate our masters," said the should shine unto her. Of this later English aristocrat in I87I, when inand fulier knowledge the new Re- troducing a new popular education public will have the benefit. bill. So will it be in China. History repeats itself. Even with her own small strength, China accomplished much in the past. 4. The problem of a strong central We are therefore hopeful that by government and self-governing prov- Christian help she will solve the pres- inces. "Home rule all round" is as ent-day problems before her. These live a question in O1ina as in Britain. are indeed more complex than ever, China wants a federal system which but China will be stronger than of at once combines central strength old to tackle and solve them. Twelve and local freedom of action. The of these problems maybe briefly de- new federal constitution contains 70

sections, and each province has yet 7. She must build railways, if pos~ to draw up its State constitution. sible, without giving the powers a Work enough here for a generation lien on them through loans. Her to come. The example of the United whole railway policy must be placed States shows how complicated this on a sOllnd basis not only for the namachinery becomes and how often tional benefit, but for the national friction arises and the supreme court self-respect. Good common roads for must decide. But China's supreme a continent-they are a crying need, court must also be created. The and would do more for the people problem thickens the longer you con- than even railways. And, all these sider it. things must not only be called into being, but also kept up. Obviously 5. An entirely neW judicial system money can be borrowed, but honesty must be created. The MacKay treaty must be home-grown. of 1902 calls for this reform. The new system must be in accord with 8. The currency must be reformed. that of Western nations. Not only Chaos must give way to order. Deso, the arrangements for its ad- based cash, inflated banknote issues ministration must satisfy Great without adequate reserves and false Britain. Then, and not till then, she weights must be replaced by sound will consider the abolition of extra- and honest finance. The reform of territoriality. A, judicial system in- weights and measures is a sine qua cludes laws, judges, lawyers, juries, non. "Honesty is a business asset." witnesses, police and prisons. The The Chinese discovered that before creation of all these according to the Elbert Hubbard, but like the quality new model is a herculean task. of mercy, it must drop from above upon the place beneath. 6. The problem of securing autonomy from foreign powers and re- 9. The vagrant rivers and the rotcovering her sovereign rights. China ten embankments must 'be taken in is in bondage to other nations in the hand and scientifically dealt with. matter of her customs. Not only The famines due to destructive floods must the army of foreign customs are largely preventable. Hand in officials be gradually replaced by Chi- hand must go afforestation on a colosnese, but China must win back the sal scale, in order to conserve the right to increase her tariff on im- rainfall. River conservancy will call ports and exports. Many of her rev- for honesty, for millions of money, enues and properties are pledged to and for the highest engineering skill. foreign bond holders, while the Boxer Indemnity will be an incubus for an- ro. The mineral riches of the counother generation. Nearly every avail- try must be discovered, mapped out able naval base is now leased to for- and properly utilized, enriching hOt eign nations. Russia and Japan have foreign stockholders, not a few coal inserted wedges of steel, which must barons, but China's own people. Here be extracted. China must escape from will be one of the chief factors in a bewildering network of entangling solving her problem of poverty. But obligations, before she can be really it will require altruism as well as pafree. triotism, self-denial as well as eco- nomic science.

FOR THE LEPERS OF THE FAR

II. Four million Manchu parasites We do not know, but this we do afmust be transformed into honest, firm, that without One Lord and one hard-working citizens. Their pen- faith, without that Spirit who is the sions must be gradually amortized. Bond of Peace, there can only be an Trades and occupations must be found unquiet and partial unity. for them. They must be absorbed into the body politic, and become part And these are only a few of the of its strength, instead of fattening problems of New China. Evidently upon its marrow. How can they (as work lies ahead which is hard enough well as the Chinese), be converted to appall the stoutest heart. The one into good citizens? need that embraces all other needs- is men. Young China fondly dreams 12. In fine, they and all the other of a new heaven and a new earth. elements of the nation, must be welded Whence is it to come? The saving into a harmonious' unity, knowing salt of the new China is assuredly nothing of East and West, North and not in political alchemy, but in moral South, animated with one pure transformation. China as a nation is love of country. The flag which is struggling to be free. Her appeal now floating over the offices of is more pathetic and more soul-stirthe republic is five bars, red, yellow, ring than ever. "Come over and help blue, white, black-each color is us" now sounds through a megathought to represent the one great phone, the cry of her mil1ions. Shall section of the nation-henceforth in we not gather that so the Lord is hope at least to be one. Can it be calling- us to preach the Gospel to her clone? If not, will China break up? with tenfold faith and enterprise?

HOPE FOR THE LEPERS OF THE FAR EAST HE Mission to Lepers island of Culion. For the time befJT in India and the East ing, however, there are some 400 in- , is extending its work mates still remaining in the Manila Hospital. to all those of Asia. "A young, highly educated mestizo The deepening of the (father Spanish, mother Filipeno) was an inmate in 1901. On account Christian consciousness of his intelligence and ability he was given a position under the foreign both in Europe and America, and superintendent (at that time the writ- er), and I learned to love and greatly in the hearts of missionaries on the respect J. G. He was so superior to field, has led to the widening of the nearly all the other inmates that I beneficent operations of the mission. once said to him: 'Senor J., how very lonely you must often feel in these The needs of the lepers of the surroundings! Let me always know if there is anything I can do for you Philippines have led the society. to be- to make it a little easier for you.'

gin work for the lepers incarcerated in the San Lazar Hospital at Manila.

Leprosy is prevalent in the islands generally, and in the interests of pub- lic health the authorities are gradual- ly segregating them in the small

'Oh, senor, he replied, 'I thank you traonlinary spread of Christianity in heartily for your sympathy; indeed, Korea that the lepers of that country my lot is hard, yet I have the joy of should be included in its beneficent knowing that none of my family are sweep. An asylum has been opened stricken but I myself. If my little for these outcasts at Fusan and will be brothers and sisters were as I, it under the supervision of Dr. Irvin, would break my heart.' A week or of the American Presbyterian Board. so after, when I went into the receiving-room to meet the new patients Hope is dawning also for the lepers the ambulance had just brought, I of Siam, and here again through the found among them a beautiful young cooperation of the :Mission to Lepers girl of twelve (mestizo) and her two with a medical missionary of the brothers, as fair of skin as our race, American Presbyterian Church. Dr. one little brother being fourteen, the McKean, of Chieng-Mai, has applied other only six years of age. Senor J., to the mission for help toward an acting as my secretary, was writing asylum for the many lepers of his down their names in our register, and district. The attitude of the Siamese had not looked up till he heard their people is reflected in the words of a names, 'G–! Oh, my God! my high official when approached by the little brothers and sister; my heart is missionary on behalf of these sufferbreaking!' He fainted away, and ers: "011, the}' are all dead people; was never able to rise from his bed the}' arc nothing to me." But it is from that day; he died within three hoped that this gentleman and others weeks." who share his views will learn be- fore long that Christianity regards Surely people in such a case as this even the diseased leper as a man to have an irresistible claim on Christian be helped, and a soul to be redeemed. sympathy, and it is encouraging to know that during the last three or A first grant has just been made four years, since evangelical teaching by the Committee of the Leper Miswas introduced into the hospital, about sion, and doubtless ere long there ISO have, it is believed, genuinely ac- will be a place of refuge for these cepted Christ. outcasts. Conditions are favorable with regard to a grant of land; in- In Korea, as everywhere through- deed, the authorities have unexpectedout the world, the leper is regarded ly and promptly given help with reas an unclean creature, to be despised gard to the transfer to the mission of and driven away from the haunts of an island admirably adapted to the men. Here, we are told, in cold purpose.':' weather they crawl into the flues which run under the houses, and are * The society needs special gifts to the amount often frightfully burned, and the ac- of about $GOO for this purpose. Owing to the cumulation of soot does not add either famine in India, which affects the lepers more to their health, their comfort, or their than any other class, the society's funds are appearance. They are clad in rags, heavily taxed to provide food for the 4,000 lepers and are truly outcasts, despised and and children daily depel1dent upon its help. It is shunned by all. only by special gifts for the purpose, therefore. that extensions such as those in Korea and Siam It is in keeping with the ex- can be carried out. The treasurer of the Mission to Lepers for U. S. A. is l<"'leming H. Revell, Esq., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. The chairmal1 of the committee is William SchieffelinJ Esq.

GIVING *

BY REV. J. H. JOWETT, D.O. Pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York City ~"J ESUS sat down over ment, to remember that our audience rJ against the treasury, is the living Christ, and that our least ~ and beheld how the endeavors are witnessed by "Him who multitude cast money sitteth upon the throne." into the treasury." They were all uncon- As the revelation of the unobserved scious of the Observer. Observer invests life with a rare sol- enmity and dignity, so it also fills it They came in the morning, and they with a passionate intensity. Barrie knew not that the Lord of the morn- says that the remembrance of Stevening was interested in all their doings. son acted upon him like a literary con- They came up to the Temple in many science, condemning all clumsy and moods; seriously, flippantly, in pride, careless work, and girding the loins in humility, with the mesmeric influ- of his mind and soul to pursue the last ence of the world upon them, or pos-' line and hue of the most radiant ideal. sest by the solemn, awful hush of So must it be when we are conscious the Eternal; a motley crowd, none of that we work under the observation them realizing that the eyes of the of the King, under "the great Task- Stranger were the seat of judgment, master's eye," whose heart craves for and that the hidden secrets of the soul the gift of finished work; we shall were trooping out in the clear light surely be intense in our labor, and we of the eternal day. shall do it with all our heart, and mind, and soul, and strength. Still He sits "over against the treasury," still do those vigilant, all-seeing The Judgment of Christ eyes follow the worshiper to the Temple, visit the merchant on the ex- Let me turn to the judgment of the change, peer into the office, and gaze unobserved Observer as recorded in around the home. It is a deepening these experiences at the treasury. He and a fertilizing fact when we can sat down over against the treasury pierce the thin veil and discern the and watched the worshipers as they s<.,cred Presence. It is a staggering brought their contributions to the supmoment when the soul awakes to the port of the Temple and the care of immanent presence of God. First of the poor. It will not be difficult to a1l, it invests life with a strange imagine some of the crowd who passed solemnity. Life is no longer an un- before the Savior's eyes. Human watched vagrancy. It can no longer nature was the same then as now. be furtive. We are under observation. Fashions of thought are ever chang- Nothing can be done in a corner. The ing, essential life remains the same. inch becomes allied to the infinite, the The fickle seasons alter the colors of private byway becomes the highway of the landscape; its general contours the Lord. This consciousness will fill abide. Take the crowd that goes to the common seasons of life with a church to-day, and with slightly difstrange solemnity. fering modes you have the crowd that went up to the Temple in the days of In the second place, this sense of the our Lord. Look upon two of the mysterious and interested Observer in- types. vests life with a majestic dignity. The audience can make or mar the artistic; Here comes Dives. He is somewhat the spectators make great achievement haughty and supercilious, "clothed in possible. What space and glory it purple and fine linen," and most evigives to the science and art of living, dently "faring sumptuously every to individual purpose and achieve- day." If we are walking in the crowd *" Condensed from lvIen and Missions. The complete article may be obtained in pamphlet form from The Laymen's Missionary Movement, 1 Madison Avenue, New York.

and are anywhere near him, we may First: Mere living becomes real life overhear snatches of most familiar speech. "Trade very bad!" "Taxes when it becomes sacrificial. So long heavy!" "Innumerable calls!" "Terrible losses!" "Don't know what the as we remain among the superfluities country is coming to!" "Have to retrench and reduce all around!" But if we are in the shadowy realm of exwe could hear a deeper speech, even the speech of the heart, we might hear istence, and we have not yet begun to a different story. At any rate, superstition is not quite dead, and Dives live. Christ does not begin His regards the treasury as in some way a custodian of his own wealth; a little reckoning, we do not come within the charity is a good investment, it may conciliate good fortune, and hedge him range of the heavenly standards, until about with hallowed serenity. So he drops his loud-sounding gift into the all superfluities have been peeled and coffers; and the eyes of Judgment are looking on. stript away. The things that we can But here comes a widow, known by spare carry no blood. The things that her garb of sorrow; a "poor widow," as is evidenced by her faded dress and we can ill spare carry part of ourwasted face. Her eyes are fixt upon the ground, or when she lifts them selves, and are alive. "He that spared they have that far-away look which sorrow so often brings. Perhaps as not his own Son," the One he could she goes she is repeating to herself some of the psalms of the sanctuary. not spare, gave Himself with the gift, Perhaps we might overhear her saying this: "It was too painful for me. until and in the wealth of the sacrifice our I went into the sanctuary!" She carries something in her hand, "even all redemption was born. her living," and she quietly, almost stealthily, but gratefully, drops it into Here is a man who can spare five the treasury; and the eyes of Judgment are looking on! "And He called dollars for the foreign field. He has unto him his disciples, and said unto them, Verily I say unto you, This no hesitation about the offering. Nay, poor widow cast in more than all they that are casting into the treasury: for he can even relegate the matter to a they all did cast in of their snperfluity, but she of her want did cast in all that clerk, and on the recurring days the she had, even all her living." There the woman stands, with her two mites amount is paid with the regularity of in her hand, and the generations come and go, but her figure and her sacrifice the sunrise. It occasions him little or will never fade away. She gave "two mites which make a farthing," and no thought. He is dealing with supershe achieved unconscious immortality. fluities, with the mere selvage of the The Principles of Christ web, and the forceful riches of life Let us leave the external fashion of the narrative, and grip the principles remain untouched. But he has has that abide, the principles on which the Master shapes eternal judgment. one son, the pride. of his heart, the hupe of his life. One day a strange fire is kindled in the lad's heart, and a strange light comes into his eyes, and the lad knows himself to be called of God to the foreign field. "Father, I want to be a missionary!" The light fades out of the father's sky and the hopes of a life tumble down like tem- ples built in dreams! "I want to go away!" "Take now thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest and offer him for a burnt-offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of." That is the experience which shatters. That is where existence ripens into life. The five dollars were given, and nothing with them. The· lad was given, and a life went with him; and there were blood-marks all along the way. It is the things we can't spare which make our offerings alive.

You hear a call to service. An appeal is made for workers among the children of disadvantage and want.

You say you have no time to spare.

12] SACRIFICIAL GIVING 37

Perhaps if you had much time to spare There is money and money. We are the Master could not use it. I mean are told that "a pound's a pound who- that if you had superfluities you might ever gives it," whether Dives, who is treat them as superfluities, and they burdened with abundance, or a widow, would be impotent for service. "I can who is surrendering her aIL" "A easily spare half an hour! I shall be pound's a pound whoever gives it!"

delighted to offer that!" No, it's the 1 have come to regard such speech a.s half hour we can't easily spare for the most perilous and deadly nonsense.

which our Master is hungry. You A pound may be a pound, whoever say you have been "teaching all the gives it, if you are only going to build week," and it would be "hard lines" to a stable; but a pound may greatly dif- teach again on Sunday! Just because fer from another pound if you are it would be "hard lines," and just be- going to build the city of God. In cause it would cost you something, and these realms material gifts become just because the offering would be shrines, and they may be full or empty blood-money, it would tell tremen- of mystic spiritual power. I have dously in the treasury of the Lord. It come to believe that, if a spiritual is when you get home from your work presence can tenant a material body, at night, and there's a cheery fire in it is not incredible that a spiritual the grate, and the promise of slip- influence can accompany a material pered ease, and inviting music is at gift. In these realms the character of hand, or an alluring book is at your the giver determines the. momentum elbow; and you feel the grip and the of his gift. If there be a sacrifice in fascination of it all; and then you the giver there will be spiritual power hear the cry of human need, like a in the gift All our offerings….:…of moaning wind down a dreary street; strength, or time, or money~have and you rise, tired tho you are with their virtue conditioned by the sacri~ honest work, and you put on your fice which gave them birth. There· coat again, and you go out into the fore, by this reasoning, the poor widow cheerless night, and to a stilI more may give more than Dives; the lesser cheerless slum, to take Christ and gift may be more effective than the cheer to the victim of night-it is then greater. Every pound is not lIke every you begin to live and to raise others other pound, nor do similar words al- from the dead. It is the hour cut ways carry the same force, 'nor do two out of the vital day; it is that piece half-hours denote the same signifi- of time cut right out of your warm, cance. "God is a God of knowledge, sweet home-life and given to the poor and by Him actions are weighed" ; and that will be the season of miracles, similar things carry different poten- for "if a grain of wheat fall into the tialities, for it is in proportion to sac- earth and die it bringeth forth much rifice that our Jeeds become effective.

fruit." You can spare fifty cents! It This sacrificial life is born, not of is the money you can't spare which caprice, but of abiding principle. The bears the hall-mark of Calvery and lack of principle makes any life a thing is the minister of redemptive life. It of tags and ends, of shreds and is when our giving, whether of patches; it is consistent principle money, or strength, or time, touches which makes life a vesture without the quick that it becomes vital, and seam. That is true of the entire circle, existence passes into life, and we share of human relationships. No sovereign the travail of our Lord and Savior principle, no steady stream of service!

Tesus Christ. ' So it is in the more inward realms . Now I may more clearly enunciate of offering and service in the King- the first principle, viz" that it is sac- dom of our Lord. If there be no rifice that changes living into life, and abiding principle life will be charac- say that it is sacrifice that makes all terized by moral spasms, by feverish deeds effective. eruption, by arbitrariness and caprice;

there will be no uniform glow, no to flow; "that I may know Him consistent sacrifice. The abiding principle may be devotion to a sentiment, . and the fellowship of his or devotion to an ideal, or devotion to a moral crusade, or devotion to a great suffering !" and commanding personality. Everybody knows, for it is the sublime com- This is the assured and certain order. monplace of Christian teaching, that in the realm of the Kingdom the abi- It is devotion to the Christ that opens ding principle is love and devotion to out the central depths and channels the Lord Jesus Christ. It is in loyalty to Him, in affection for Him, that we of the life, and springs of vitality are find the source of Christian liberality and sacrifice. "We love, because He unloosened in strong and ceaseless first loved us." When we begin to know Him the river of sacrifice begins service. Such is the order proclaimed by Paul, and such the order pro- claimed by Peter and John. "Par- takers of the divine nature," that is the beginning; "partakers of the suf- ferings of Christ," that is the se- quence; "partakers of glory," that is the inconceivable end.

CHRISTIAN UNITY IN CHINA * THE DEMAND FOR AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL MISSION PLAN I*.AJ. -MOVEMENT has been The new era in China is develop- ing such changes in conditions tI1ere started in behalf of that no longer will the foreigner be looked upon as an enemy. Foreign uniting Christian mis- ways are rapidly becoming the ways of China. China will demand an sionary forces in China. adequate system of education discon- nected with her traditional history. The plan was presen ted The Chinese wilI soon recognize that they have no religion adequate to at a conference of rep- meet the requirements of a great na- tion. No longer will Christianity be resentatives of the for- despised. Intelligent Chinese will seek Christian books and periodicals eign missionary board of North Amer- for answers to questions that crowd upon them regarding education, morica, held in New York, January 29, als and religion. There will be a persistent demand for Christian misto consider the present situation in sionaries and the institutions for which they stand. "We may expect China. Dr. James L. Barton deliv- that effort will be made to give Chris- tianity some official standing in the ered an address, in which he re- country. Christian forces must be organized to meet such propositions viewed Chinese conditions and pro- and prevent action that wiII na- tionalize its name and form while posed united action by the missionary crushing out its spirit and life."

forces of alI Protestant denominations The Status of Chinese Missions operating in China. Dr. Barton's "Few in touch with the missionary forces to-day in different parts of plan was referred to the Committee China wiIl deny that there is ample ground for the conclusion that misof Reference and Counsel. This com- mittee is expected to report to the various mission boards which it rep- resents, and the prospect is favorable for indorsement and united action as soon as proper consideration can be given to the matter. The success of the plan lies with five denominations controlling a large majority of the Protestant missions in China, the Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist and Presbyterian. If the plan of union is adopted, Dr. Barton says that "the final outcome would probably be one Protestant Church for all China."

* From The Congregationalisl.

CHRISTIAN UNITY IN CHINA

sion work in that country is rapidly . 2 to I9 missionaries, including wives approaching a period more revolu- and single women, they together hav- tionary in character than that through ing a total of but 47 ordained mis- which Japan passed between the years sionaries, or 177, including ordained 1870 and 1880, and vastly more criti- men, wives and single women-an cal because of the size and strength average for all China of less than II of the country involved. Christen- each. This leaves the larger and dom and its missionary societies should more influential American Missionary have learned much from its experi- societies working in China only 17, ences in Japan a generation ago. Of with a total missionary force inclu- this we may be sure, revolution in ding wives and single women, of China is rolling that vast empire out I ,549, of whom 460 .are ordained; from its conservative and secluded this is 80 per cent. of the entire past into the light of the twentieth American missionary forces in China century, and with twentieth-century and 89 per cent. of the ordained men.

methods must the Church meet these "It is an interesting fact that back conditions. of these I7 societies there stand pri- "Let me consider a few salient marily only five leading communions, facts regarding the Protestant forces here named in the order of their now operating in China and available strength: Presbyterian, Methodist, to meet the demands of the immediate Baptist, Episcopalian, Congregational.

future, and back of which stand the These five communions control I AOI strength of the Protestant Church. of the I,8I2 American missionaries It is impossible for us here to review in China and 4I3 of the 5I7 ordained the work of our Roman Catholic men. In other words, these five com- brethren, with whom we have not yet munions have about 78 per cent. of been able to find much common the American missionary forces work- ground for fraternal cooperation. ing in China. At the same time it Their lines of work differ widely should be borne in mind that of the from our own. At present, at least, remaining 22 per cent. about 2 per we must agree to work separately, cent. are connected with interdenom- altho, not necessarily. as competitors. inational societies, and of the remain- "The World's Atlas of Christian ing 20 per cent. some are already Missions reports that there are 41 working in close cooperation with American and Canadian Protestant the boar?s representing these leading societies carrying on Christian work commU!1lons.

in China, 18 British and 14 Continen- "If we analyze the personnel of the tal societies, making a total of 73 eighteen British Protestant societies separate and distinct missionary so- we find that practically the same con- cieties. For the present we wiII con- ditions prevail, with the exception sider only the American boards. that the five communions already "Of the 4I societies named, 7 are in- named control 925 of the entire Brit- terdenominational, namely, the Amer- ish missionary force in China num- ican Bible Society, the Young Men's bering 1,065, and 268 out of 278 or- Christian Association, Young Wom- dained men. The two Bible societies, en's Christian Association, Canton entirely interdenominational, direct 37 Christian College, University Medical of the remaining 140 missionaries, Mission, Woman's Union Missionary leaving only about I I per cent. of the Society of America and the Yale .British missionary body in China not Foreign Missionary Society. This under control of the five leading- com- leaves 34 societies that are either de- munions already named, some of nominational or that partake of that whom are now in close and friendly character. cooperation.

"Of these 34 remaining societies, "To return to the consideration of 17 have each in the field only from the American societies working in

China, we find that any new and ef~ We believe in the Chinese Church, self- controlled, self-supported and self-profective plans for cooperation to meet pagating, to become independent of for- eign domination, itself the leader in the new conditions in China must be organizing and directing agencies of its own crefltion under God for the Chrisbrought about by the societies repre- tianization of the empire.

senting the various branches in Amer- We believe that the modern education of the Chinese as a whole must be acica of the Presbyterian. Methodist, complished at the expense of the Chinese themselves; at the same time we ate Baptist, Episcopal and Congregational agreed that as a means of implanting communions. They hold the key to Christian truths and ideals in the minds and hearts of the youth during the the situation here, as also they do in formative period of their lives there is Great Britain. no agency more potent and permanent than the Christian teacher. We are It is in order to ask at this point therefore agreed that it is a legitimate part of missionary work to prepare for how much and how little these com- this service selected Chinese students for both missionary and government schools. munions at the present time have in As a natural development from this common in their policy and method common belief, Dr. Barton presented a definite plan for united action which may of propagating Christianity among be summarized in the following pro- posals: the Chinese. Let us here suggest a The Plan in Outline few of the fundamentals which, it 1. Union in Chltrch Conferences. The seems to me, we unitedly and habit- union in conference and association, or whatever name may be used, of Chinese ually adv!)cate and practise. These churches of all communions as a single body bearing no denominational name. should constitute a common starting 2. Publication. Union of all compoint for more active cooperation.':: munions in the preparation and publica- tion of new literature now demanded. Belief in Common ,3. Union in Theological, Collegia,te and We believe God is the father of the Medical Education. Complete ul1Ion of Chinese as well as of the European, and work already auspiciously begun in that because of His great love for the places in which theological, collegiate world, including Chinese, He sent His Son and medical education are going on unto earth. der auspices wholly interdenominational.

We believe every Chinese is in need 4. Union N or11lal Traininf! Schools. In of the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ each of the principal provinces of China as revealed in His gospel and proclaimed a thoroughly equipped and manned by the apostles. Christian normal training school.

We believe the Old and New Testa- 5. Union Annual Meetings. Missionment contains the supreme revelation of aries and native Christians working in God to men, and that it should be uni- common areas, organize annual or more 'versally preached and distributed in frequent meetings at which policies printed form in the vernacular of China. would be considered, plans devised, esti- mates passed on and executive and other We believe in the power of the gospel committees created. lived and practised by godly men and women and orally proclaimed in the lan- 6. Boord of Strategy. Practical plans guage of the people to transform indi- devised for complete survey of the needs vidual lives to regenerate society and of China as relates to reenforcements, to provide' a safe foundation for the occupancy and special needs and departstate. ments.

vVe believe in the preparation and dis- "A measure of union has been acsemination of a Christian literature in languages understood by the Chinese complished already in some of the an'd prepared to meet the needs of the Chinese mind. lines suggested. It is now proposed We believe in the value and potency to render more complete and effective of the medical missionary for the demonstration of Christianity ;;md for the relief such efforts. The key to the situation of physical suffering. rests with the proposed board of We believe in the necessity of providing a Christian education in all grades strategy, to whom would be comand for both sexes, from kindergarten to the normal school, the college and the mitted the task of working out the theological seminary or training school, for implanting Christian principles in the minds of the young, for raising up Christian leaders in all trades and professions, and for creating for the Church of Christ in China an adequate and efficient Christian leadership.

EDEA-SAKBA YEME

practical details. Of this Dr. Barton pushing every form of missionary said: operations in China. Such a board would keep the societies and churches "There ought to be some practical at home informed, would have great plan devised by which we may have influence in the general direction of laid before us in due time a complete the work on the field, and would survey of the needs of China as re- finally become the central united body lates to reenforcements, occupancy, through which each missionary board and the needs of special depart- could bring all of its resources to ments. This might be brought about bear upon the work in every departby the creation of a board of strategy, ment. It might also become an agency or whatever it may be called, com- for the use of individual and indeposed of representatives of the mis- pendent gifts. The possibilities of sionary societies working in that coun- what might be accomplished in China try, whose duty it should be to se- through such a board properly concure facts and make plans for Prot- stituted can hardly be predicted." estant Christendom to act upon in EDEA-SAKBAYEME * THE WORK OF THE BASEL MISSION IN THE SOUTHERN CAMEROONS TRANSLATED AND CONDENSED BY B. HITCHER, LONDON, ENGLAND.

WENTY_FIVE years point of combat between the Sudan negroes and the Fang tribes pushing mT ago the Basel Mission forward from the south and southeast, began its work in the a mixture of various tribes is found newly acquired German here, scattered throughout the wooded territory of the Came- uplands and primeval forests. Every roons, and after the ini- village has its hereditary chief, whose tial difficulties, which power is absolute, except when the were very trying, had been over- fetish priest has cunningly succeeded come, a decade of such rapid de- in obtaining a share of it. Ordeals, velopment was experienced as to tax along with other revolting practises, the resources of the society to the prevail, and the lives of these peoples uttermost. Accordingly, the Home are dominated by superstitious fears, Board withheld their sanction from especially with regard to the spirits further extensions and directed their of their ancestors. An indis'pensable reenergies to the consolidation of their quirement at funeral ceremonies is the work in the parts already occupied. sacrifice of a goat, without which the But in course of time the force of cir- departed can not obtain entrance into cumstances, combined with the eager the realm of death. attitude of the inland tribes on the one hand, a Roman propaganda on Owing to the proximity of the sea the other, required farther advance and the numerous river-courses the into the Hinterland. climate is damp, and during the month of October a thick fog generally The new forward movement began covers the land. As a rule, July is from the station of Edea, on the Sa- the coldest and February the warmest naga River, in South Cameroons. The month. The low-lying marshy dispopulation, both here and higher up tricts are covered with mangroves, the river, consists of the Bakoko and while in the wooded uplands wine Basa tribes and belongs to the Bantu palms and oil palms abound. group. But as South Cameroons is a * From Evangelische Missionen.

The Basel Society attempted to dience, the youngsters soon came to reach the unknown tribes of the Hin- enjoy the hours at school, and the. deterland along the course of the great sire for improvement, once awakened, Sanaga River, which has its outlet into proved strong enough to fill the schools the ocean opposite the island of Fer- with eager learners. MeanwhHe the nando Po. favorable situation of Edea had been discovered by government and by In the year 1892 the station of commerce. Public buildings arose; a Lobetal was founded on the lower wide road was constructed across the Sanaga, and extensive itineraries were wooded uplands; trading firms estabundertaken from this point in the di- lished agencies; while in military rection of the upper reaches of the quarters the strategical importance of river, which led to the formation of the place attracted attention. another station-Edea-at the Sanaga Falls. Beyond these falls the river In consequence of these developwas not navigable, owing to rapids ments there was an ever-increasing and cataracts, and farther advance up- demand for teachers, and the forma- tion of out-stations was ever growing. stream involved personal danger as But these extensions brought drawwell, in consequence of the hostile at- backs of their own in necessitating titude of the inland tribes. the acquisition of a new dialect, while the dispersion of the tribes over wide Their refusal to submit to the Ger- areas, and their frequent migrations man Government necessitated a series (under the influence of superstitious of expeditions and years of hard fears) rendered the efficient working fighting. When their subjection was of the schools almost impossible. at length accomplished, it was found In the end the Board determined (in practicable to establish among them I902) to establish another main staa number of missionary outposts and tion at Sakbayeme, on the Sanato man them with native teachers, ga, situated considerably higher upaltho this was not accomplished with- stream, in the center of the Basa disout much trouble and obstruction. trict. This move proved a great suc- cess. Applications for teachers poured Hostilities between the various in from all quarters, even from distribes were of almost constant occur- tricts hitherto inaccessible. and at the rence, while falsehood, venegefulness close ot the second year of its formaand lawless indulgence characterized tion the station was in full working their private relations, and polygamy order among 300 catechumens and exhibited its baneful effects upon fam- I,600 school children, so as to necesily life. They had dealings with the sitate the supply of reenforcements. trader, or the crafty Duala as inter- Between the autumn of I902, when mediary, but found themselves gen- the first services were held in a primierally overreached. The aged people tive hut (which had to do service for clung with stubborn obstinacy to the dwelling as well), and the autumn of customs of their fathers, and to their 1907, when the dedication of the superstitious fears, and could not be church took place, the progress has persuaded to listen to a talk about been striking. religion. But· among the young a promising field presented itself, and Thus the labors of the Basel Misas soon as the missionaries had gained sion in the Cameroons have extendentrance among the tribes and, to some ed their uplifting, civilizing influence extent, won their confidence, no ob- more and more into the interior, and stacle was put in their way for bring- the missionary sees ample evidence of ing the children under instruction. the power of the Gospel, in giving The people began gradually to recog- light to them that sit in darkness, and nize the dawn of a new era, and altho to guide their feet into the way of it meant hard work at first, to bring peace. those hitherto accustomed to lawless idleness into habits of order and obe-

EDITORIALS

TDEATH OF DR. ISAAC K. FUNK Surely, in the "King's Business" HE honored president of the pub- there is need of as careful study and lishing house of Funk & Wag- as intelligent application of these prinnails Company, N ew York and Lon- ciples to the work as in any worldly don, was suddenly called Home, on enterprise. How can the principles of Thursday, April 4th, at his home in scientific management be applied to missionary work? Montclair, N. J. Mr. Funk was 72 I. By a minute and careful study years of age, having been born in Clif- of conditions, methods, men, forces ton, 0., on September I9, I839. He lived an active and useful life, and and results. was interested in many educational, 2. By the introduction of time, religious and business enterprises. labor and money-saving devices. Vhy After his graduation from Witten- should these be introduced in the home berg College and Seminary he entered offices and churches and not on the the ministry of the Lutheran Church, mission fields? Why should a misand was for some years pastor of St. sionary who is capable of earning Matthew's Evangelical Church in $5,000 a year, and who is overwhelmed Brooklyn, N. Y. As editor-in-chief of with work, be obliged to spend his the Standard Dictionary and other valuable time and strength in doing works, and as publisher of the Liter- the work of a $500 clerk? ary Digest, Homiletic Review, and MISSIONARY REVIEW, Dr. Funk has 3. Adequate financial support for exerted a wide influence. He was an the work in hand. Missionaries do ardent prohibitionist and a strong ad- not work for money, but they are vocate of "simplified spelling." His constantly hampered by lack of funds genial personality and genuine inter- for themselves and the work entrusted est in men and affairs gave Dr. Funk to them. a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. His departure leaves a great 4. In home offices salaries are blank that can not be filled. adjusted as nearly as possible to meet a man's needs and to ni- SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT IN move all cause for financial anxiety. In the foreign field it is not so. A . MISSIONS bare living salary is the basis, and if a missionary has a large family, only T HE modern ideas and methods of God can relieve him of financial wor- scientific management are said to ries that distract the mind and lessen have revolutionized some lines of business, and to have produced most efficiency. satisfactory results. Is there a need 5. Proper care of health and periods for the introduction of more "efficiency methods" in the business of of rest. As a rule, in the larger soextending the Kingdom of God? cieties this is carefully studied. Each climate and mission station must be Scientific management means the studied as to the character of buildconduct of a business with strict refer- ings, surroundings, periods of rest and ence to economy and efficiency. For food and clothing required to maintain this purpose every detail of the work the human organism in its best condiis studied with the view to saving of tion for services. On the contrary, we time, money, material and energy. The know of some missions where no workers are also studied with refer- proper attention is paid to these deence to temperament, ability, health, tails, where furloughs are long oversurroundings and incentives to greater fidelity, increased energy, and cheerful due, where there is no rest-home for cooperation. wearied workers, and where false economy murders efficiency. 6. Students of scientific manage-

ment have discovered that 21 y~ For scientific management in mis- pounds is the most efficient shovel load sions we must study God's laws as re- for a workman, and that 92 pounds is vealed in His Word and in the work the proper amount for a man to carry. of His servants. We must study con- Do we study as carefully the loads ditions a'nd methods and learn the placed upon missionaries? If we did most that we can learn from experi- fewer men and women would break ence. There is, however, this differ- down. One would not be doing the ence between material and spiritual work of two, and appeals for help work. In the latter only God can truly would not be in vain. How many judge the results, and only He can sup- good servants of the King have been ply the real power. God's ideals are killed by being overloaded! not man's, and the Holy Spirit is the 7. The proper tools, appliances and only power that can make man's work buildings for work is a most important efficient. "It is required in stewards item. With bricklayers it was dis- that a man be found faithful"-not covered that a certain kind of hod successful, but faithfulness includes a brought increased efficiency, and that careful study of methods, conditions, men saved time by not being obliged ideals and results, and a devotion of all to stoop at their task. Is as much our energies to God's work.

careful study given to the small de- THE EFFICIENCY TEST tails of missionary work? Advance- S ment has been made in text-books, HOULD every man's work be subjected to the test of efficiency typewriters, literature, stereopticons, industrial and medical appliances, but according to human standards? This there is room for improvement. is the tendency 1ll business, and it is 8. Competition is a large item in advocated in church and missionary business success. One employer pro- work. Can such a man "make duced excellent results by inspiring good"? Is he capable as a public riyalry between various nationalities speaker, writer, teacher, or linguist?

to prove which was most efficient. The Is any church or mission fortunate publicity given missionary reports in- that secures his services? Such are troduces this element in Christian the inquiries by which a man's value work-not always in a wholesome is tested.

way. The efficiency standard is often mis- g. Cooperation. The division of applied and sometimes disastrous. It labor and tasks apportioned according does not take into account long and to ability, yet all working for one end faithful service, or the errancy of hu- and according to one general plan, are man judgment. We know a man who essential to produce the best results. gave his best years and most earnest We are working toward this, but the endeavors to a religious organization goal is still far distant. and helped to build it up from roo Recognition of merit. Every nothing to wide-spread usefulness.

workman appreciates commendation. Then came a change of management, In the world most men labor for a and this man's abilities and claims material reward, in the work for God were ignored because he was not our highest ambition should be the sufficiently aggressive and modern in Master's "well done." But there are his methods. He was crowded out legitimate rewards in Christian work without recognition of his past serv- -the commendation of a comrade, the ices or future opportunities.

honor given to knowledge, experience God places no premium on in- and faithfulness, the help rendered in efficiency or lack of fidelity, nor could response to an appeal; above all, the His Church be satisfied with less than satisfaction of a consciousness of a the best; but there is a value in work well done and a Master well honesty, sobriety, reliability, good pleased. will, spirituality, cheerfulness, gratitude, love, that no human efficiency importance and proportions. It is test can estimate. Those who make all inclusive and demands study, hard of men machines, physical and men- work, world-wlae SYI,lljathies and tal, and gage their value by their output, are like the African savages, heroic courage; (3) that the work who put their aged and infirm men of the Church can not be done by and women to death because they can no longer till the soil, hunt man alone and will not be done hy game or go to war. Cod alone, but 1l1Llst be done ily surrendered men empowered and Fortunately, this standard has not yet been generally adopted by the directed by God; (4) that Chris- Christian Church, and will not be. The tians of different names and creeds tendency is to demand higher ideals can and must get together and work in service and greater devotion of time and money talents to God's work. together to solve these problems Let us at the same time emphasize that confront us; (5) that the camspiritual attainments above mental and paign is but the initiation of the physical and let us estimate success effort to lift up Christ and draw all more by eternal measurements than by. temporal, human standards. the world to Him. The strength of many features THE MEN AND RELIGION of the program can only be dis- MOVEMENT covered by an adequate test, but the general ideals can not be improved T HIS continental campaign comes upon: (I) Bible study as the first to a close with a Conservation essential for the intelligent Christian's Congress in New York City, April faith and practise; (2) the conversion 19th to 24th. It is hoped, however, of the individual by the regeneration that this is but the beginning of the forward movement that has been of the Holy Spirit; (3) the winning • inaugurated in many churches. of the youth in order to insure Chris- There have been some criticisms of the plan and principles of the tian manhood; (4) the duty of movement, and some misgivings lest man to his neighbor in things both it prove unspiritual and spasmodic. temporal and spiritual; (5) church Only God Himself can rightly judge extension to needy communities; the results, but there are many causes (6) world-wide responsibility and for thanksgiving and hopefulness in systematic service; (7) continued cothe awakening that has taken place operation of all Christians in God's in many men, churches and cities. The leaders have, as a rule, been work. earnest, devoted, spiritually minded The suggestions given to consermen. They have been criticized more for what has been left unsaid vation committees will take a gener.athan for what they have said, and tion or more to work out, but they more from hearsay than from personal testimony. The critics have are practical and Scriptural. been those who have' stayed outside. Mr. Don O. Shelton, president of Whatever else this movement has the National Bible Institute, suggests done or has not done, it has made the following tests by which we can this impression wherever it has been measure the true value of these Forsupported: (I) That Christian life ward Movements: and service is a man's job, worth all that a man can put into it; (2) 1. Does the movement stand out that the religion of Christ .and the spokenly and unequivocally for the Di- Kingdom of God is of unlimited vine inspiration and authority of the Scriptures?

2. Is it manifest that the movement has grown out of a sincere desire to glorify Jesus Christ and Him only?

3. Does the movement proclaim boldly the Deity of Jesus Christ. the necessity of regeneration by the Holy Spirit and the iustification of men by faith in Jesus Christ? "For other 'Good News' there is none. . . . But if we or an angel from heaven should bring you a Good News different from that which we have already called for one universal Christian brought you, let him be accurst. . . . Church of China-at least, among the It was not from man that I received or Protestants-but that the representalearned it, but by a revelation from Jesus tives and constituents at home held Christ." (Gal. 1:7, 8, 12, Weymouth's them back. vVe are forced to believe translation. ) that there is too much truth in this statement, and it is a burning shame! 4. Does the movement seek the affiliation of men who discard or deny the es- The time has passed when intellisentials of the Christian faith as plainly gent members of one denomination declared in the New Testament? refuse to recognize those of other sects as members of the Great Church 5. Does the movement make the salva- of Christ. Baptists will not deny tion of men through Jesus Christ its that the immersed believers are true supreme objective? Christians, neither will Episcopalians deny that the Gospel is preached by 6. Is it evident that the men who lead those outside of their accepted "aposthe movement place their chief reliance tolic succession." God has too clearly for fruitage on the proclamation of "the manifested His own approval of the faith once for all delivered to the saints" work of all denominations to permit and on the power of the Holy Spirit, men to draw distinctions which the rather than on a well-organized press Almighty does not recognize. bureau, ingenious methods of advertising, and the use of the names of men of vVe believe it is true that the definancial and political prominence? nominational spirit fostered, and of- ten forced, upon the mission fields is 7. Does the movement conspicuously holding back the coming of the Kingand continually aim to exalt the Lord dom of God. Who is responsible? Jesus Christ, rather than "religion?" It is a heavy responsibility .to as- "Christ is all." (Col. 3:11). "Neither is sume. It is not enough to argue that there any other name under heaven that there is spiritual unity, and that the is given among men, wherein we must only diversity is in form and method. be saved." (Acts 4: 12). It is not true. There is no true spiritual unity where workers refuse Ve believe that every so-called Chris- to cooperate, or where two missions tian movement should be subjected to are doing a work which one might do the foregoing tests. If any movement is not found wanting when these tests are while other districts are neglected. applied, we believe it has in it the life It is not necessary that every church of Christ and will grow and bring forth and mission, every school and hosfruit to His glory. pital, should be run on the same lines.

The Men and Religion Movement may not measure up to each of these and has not presented a solution of re- ligious and social problems, but it has aroused many sleeping and in- active church-members to a sense of their obligation to God and their fellow men.

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE? PROGRESS IN SIAM AND MALAYSIA ARE we as Christians praying, A COMPARISON of the statistical working, giving to establish the tables published in this number Church of Christ in all the world, or and those of ten years ago shows that are we each seeking to establish in Siam and Laos the societies at work churches of our own peculiar denom- remain the same, and ·there has been ination? This is not a formal ques- very little increase in mission force or tion for academic discussion, but a native helpers. The native Christian practical point of vital importance. Church has increased 50 per cent. In At a recent conference of missiona- British Malaysia and Dutch East Inries and secretaries to discuss the out- dies the missionaries have increased look and opportunity in China, it is from 300 to 890, the native helpers stated that there was a general agree- from 1,553 to 3,136, and the Christian ment that the missionaries and Chris- communicants from 37,746 to 352,54I, tians on the field were convinced that or nearly tenfold. the interests of the Kingdom of God

MISSIONARY STATISTICAL TABLES FOR SIAM, MALAYSIA, AND DUTCH EAST INDIES *

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK -DA-U FOltllIGIt' MISSIOIt'AIlIEI NATIVII WORKERS STATIOit'S CHRISTIAN C01UnlNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS Physicians -u=oc,:) .

.=0. ~e =..,! .. …., cl.£ = =-~… 0 I .~ .. 'd'Upc::<~j< ….. .., ~'2 i! ,~ "a0=.. ~P- I~II ..=0 'lii ~= :igl>~< ..0. .-……~…~.;":~t;f = C;=g~ Jg:&;- ..'0..c:. :.".:.;.I. ..,~ .DI=.l.l.. <t: "0"_ ,..",,,," ~ ~0 ..~0~s'=l".l, ~la .=~ ..,! .~~~ ~.~ iii ~o.~.l/ Z .r~ U. COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES 'Ii! .'i~ .~ ~ 0 :.=.l.j. ~.!l ….. OJ ~=Il. ~ ..,1>. ~:§ …..:;~ .~ z..,'l;;0~ ;gz 't-t'E~ .. .."~e~ll ~ 1il.., .~ ~ ·.su-~3 ~… 011 S ~ u'a0eiO·!ot"S~: zE_s0-<a§0aU '00 c£1 ~ )1'0 ….·."c.."l,l,., ~'C Z '::tP "[';"l …z.9 .!::"ij "Ii! p=~ti=l':0! -EE-<o 'S..·,h,, ell d" "0 …. ~ …f,t.,~ )lg 0=0 ;.="g.. ~:§-g ]100-.<".~.=0. ." S& p~lI;Dla~ Ei0-:=<SP0~~ 0.. ;>. §-5 .. 0 .. ~a -s'Ii..! 0 E-« .. ~ ec~"l:l;':,".~;.,.iu.~".~. .9" ~ i~ .: :;:§ ~:i 1·I=cl.) 0 ~.9 -E II "tfl <::: 0 )1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ,17 18 19 20 SIAM AND FRENCH INDO-CHINA American Societies American Baptist Foreign Mission Society•••••••••• 1833 1 -1 — — 1 — — 2 6 6 1 — -4 -23 1-38 1-38 -1 – -37 $80 American Bible Society ••••.••••..•••••.••.•…•••• 1890 1 1 18 8 1 Board of For. Miss., Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. 1840 27 12 2 52 3,400 2,752 1 34 6 155 161 15 75 28 446 4,337 17,046 53 3,437 2,832 9 80 – Totals, 3 American Societies••••…•.••••••••.••••• – 29 13 1 36 9 84 6 169 175 17 15 32 469 4,475 17,184 British Societies – _. – – – – British and Foreign Bible Society•••••••••••••••••• – -. – 1 1 — 2 12 2 1 —— — — – ———– – – – – – – Christian Missions in Many Lands ••••.••.••••.••••• 9 2 -5 ' —4 — – .. 75 .- – – – – – – – – — – – _– – – Society for the Propagation of the Gospel•••.••••••• 5 – – -1 6 '– 9 – -2 32 469 – – – – —- – – – – Totals, 3 British Societies…………………….. 177 4 -1892 1 -, , —- 1 41 1 — — ——–I 1 — — – I- 21 ——– 1 – "– 2 – – – – – – – – – —- Grand Totals, 6 Societies…………………….. 12 30 13 r- ' – – 1 7 1 4,475 17,184 35 3,437 2,832 — 6 96 BRITISH MALAYSIA American Societies – Board of For. Miss., Methodist El.isc~al Church 1••• 1885 13 – 2 11 10 – – 36 3 183 186 8 -13 32 1-23 1,870 *7,480 35 1,074 $2,520 Seventh-Day Adventist Mission oar •••••••••••••• 3 2 1 – -7 – -8 – -1 1 41 *164 -1 -6-1 836 ,1-89-4 5 12 10 – – – — — – — Totals, 2 American Societies…………………… _……………… 14 — I t s ,– – 46 4 190 194 9 13 33 123 1,911 1,644 36 1,135 3,356 2 British Societies British and F()1'eign Bible Society……………… 1813 —1 —— —– 4 2 – 7 —- ,- -a17 17 5 – ,– '—— ,—- —- —– —– —- Christian Missions in Many Lands ••••.••••.••••••• 1866 2 1 9 30 -8 -8 5 –3 — – – — 1,338 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society.••••• 1900 12 1 -12 –9 3 1 21 22 327 1,308 11 -81-2 English National Council, For. Dept., Y. M. C. A •• 1902 -1 -3 -1 10 6 1,914 6,500 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England ' •• 1857 -2 1 2 1 10 17 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel ••••••••••• 1855 2 12 5 4 8 20 20 6 – -76 82 -I – 18 e– 20 – – –' – 23 23 Totals, 6 British Societies……………………. 15 66 1 122 129 2,241 1,808 11 812 1,338 Continental Societies – – – – – Evangelisch·Lutherische Mission zu Leipzif••••.••••• 1907 1 1 1 11 12 1 10 -1 9 304 516 –1 38 – 1 5 ~ – – 251 706 1 —- 2 —1 6 – – -7 – -1 – -32-6 ~ — 2 –1-7 -1-5 ~ – -63-0 -' – – – – – – – Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Base 6•••••••••.1-90-4t-1 , -1-9 – -2 – – – -38, – — – – – – – – – – – – – – — – – — – – Totals, 2 Continental Societies………………… -2-60 – -1,22-2 – – – — – – — , – – – — ._- I -2 ,— Grand Totals, 10 Societies……………………. 1 22 26 30 114 13 329 342 31 51 57 383 4,182 16,674 48 1,985 4,694 35 DUTCH EAST INDIES American Societies – – – – – Board of Fo – Seventh·Day r. dMviesnst'il s Met!>o~ist Episcopal Church ' •• 1903 3 – 2 5 – 7 -7 – – 3 8 12 350 649 692 2 22 $30 A Board .••••••••••••• 1900 3 9 2 1 6 1 10 160 t M,sslOn 2- 2 2 7 – – – 6 — – —– —- —- — t– 655 1- — – – – – Totals, 2 American Societies……………………………………… ~ 5 2 5 2 14 7 5 8 13 350 698 3 32 190 Continental Societies – – – – – Centraal-Com. voor Seminarie, Batavia ••••••.••••••• 1878 1 – – 1 1 1 4 1- —— —— — ——– ——– ——— 10 —9 – Comite voor Sangir. en Talaut- eHanden ••••.••••••• 1859 12,239 63,739 194 — 22,674 1 11 1 23 267 267 8 107 456 *1,800 – – – – – – Doop~ezinde Vereeniging ……………………. 1847 — 23,950 – – – Itva omite ……………………………….. 1855 8 -1 – 8 17 69 -563 1,882 6 12 25 25 –16 – – – – – – – ederlandsch Bijbelgenootschap ••••••••••••••••••• 1814 6 – 2 5 400 *1,600 – – – – – Neder}andsch Luthersch Genootschaf ..••••..••••••• 1889 2 – 1 1 1 1,163 *9,000 2 13,235 *52,000 – – – Nederlandsche Zendingsvereeniging ••••••.•• " •••• 1899 13 2 4 3 10 14 –24 96 967 1,979 9 4 27 64 64 1 2-15 – – 43,290 107,154 – Nederlandsch Zendelinggenootschap ••••.••••••••••• 1862 14 656 1,673 – – Neukirchener Missionsanstalt •••••••••••••.••••••• 1884 13 1 1 7 17 4 44 – 94 94 14 80 1 14 2 29 81 81 11 31 72,969 240,827 – Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft ••••••••••••.••••••• 1836 92 4-0-7 – 7,178 2 3 85 14 196 31 2,248 2,279 72 407 – – – – – Utrechtsche Zendinf.svereeniging •••••..•••••••••••• 1859 15 90 90 12 86 – 15 30 – – – Zending v. d. Gere. Kerken in Nederland……….. 1860 10 — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Totals, 12 Continental Societies•••••••••••••••••••• ~ 25 70 70 8 39 3 2 10 184 – g 1 -~ 31 2,939 2,973 150 789 431 7,489 9 24,144 22,674 16 179 26 413 Dutch East Indies Society – – – -, – – – – 23 – – Protestant Church of the Netherlands East Indies .. 23 80 80 – – – 274,135 274,135 – International Society – – – Salvation Army ……………………………. 1894 76 76 12 20 — – – – 10 28 1 16 10 13 440 – – – – – – – –~ ~- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Grand Totals, 16 Societies ……………………. 167 817 1'- ~ ~ — .. 212 9 1 34 194 41 890 111 3,022 3,136 444 7,839 347,759 515,660 22 24,204 22,864 • Condensed from the World Atlas of Christian Missions, Student Volunteer Movement, New York.

SIAM AND FRENCH INDO.CHINA DUTCH EAST INDIES 1 Colporteurs directly under the supervision of the Bible Society. 1 Includes the data from the Vk)men's Society. BRITISH MALAYSIA • No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 1 Includes the data from the Women's Society. • No report for Baptized Christians other than the numher of Communicants. • Data from Dr. J. W. Gunning. a Colporteurs under the immediate direction of the Bible Society. . 'Commissioned officers. • Not reported. • Chinese work. In printed report included under China Mission. * Estimate. Except in column 17, all estimates are from the societies.

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MISSIONARY NEWS SIAM AND MALAYSIA name will be Sarohan Kasanang, i.e., :Messenger of Peace, and it will be Opportunity in Siam published in K wala Kuron. Since the Dyaks are great readers, it will I T is stated that the sixteen prov- not lack subscribers, it is said. inces of the kingdom of Siam have a population of 6,428,6I9, but this is Laos Christians as Missionaries probably an underestimate. The responsibility for their evangelization is S OME used to suppose that when shared by the Siam Mission of the a "heathen" had been "converted" Presbyterian Church and two families the work in his behalf was finished. of Christian (Campbellite) mission- But more and more the conviction is aries who came from England to spreading that Christian activity is work among the Mohns. The mem- also essential. And so we read with bers of this Burmese tribe who are satisfaction that "in the Chien Rai residents of Siam are 27,260, accord- Presbyterian Church, in North Siam, ing to the last census, tho there were from 40 to 70 people go out every said to be 80,000 of them eigM years Sabbath in bands of four, to preach ago. Then there are some Chinese in outlying villages." Baptists in and near Bangkok, who are regularly visited by a Baptist mis- Anglo-Chinese School in Malaysia sionary to China. Thus, more than 6,000,000 are to be evangelized by the ONE of the most remarkable edu- Presbyterian Siam Mission. Already cational enterprises in the East Siamese evangelists are being em- is that of the American Methodists ployed, and several of them sup- at Penang and Singapore. Many ported on the field. Siamese churches years ago a school was started for are growing and are courageously the sons of English merchants in the striving for self-support. Still, Siam latter city. It grew to large proporis a very needy field at present. tions and was, in every way, remark- ably successful. Then a Chinese Spread of Islam Upon Borneo merchant brought his little boy to the school with the request that he T HE work which the missionaries might be admitted. The authorities of the Rheni~h Missionary So- acceded. The English community, ciety commenced several years ago in however, threatened to withdraw all Kwala Kuron on the River Kayan, English boys in case other than upon the island of Borneo, has gone whites were given a place on the on with much encouragement and school benches. The governing comconsiderable success, but under great mittee went to the leading Chinese difficulties, chiefly caused by continu- merchants in Singapore, explained ous famine and suffering among the the situation, and offered to make somewhat lazy Dyaks and by the their institution over into a school progress of Islam. The interior of for Chinese boys. The merchants the whole country is continually took up the matter and raised a large flooded with Malayo-Mohammedan sum of money for the project. At literature, which greatly impresses its the present time there are some 1,100 readers. The missionaries are now Chinese boys in the Singapore school, planning to meet this danger with and nearly as many in another Ana distinctly Christian magazine. Its glo-Chinese school which was started

on the same lines in Penang. The 2,000,000 subjects count themselves, Chinese merchants in Batavia, Java, and are counted, fortunate under the have negotiated with the Methodists benevolent despot who travels over for a similar school which, we be- the world studying the science of lieve, has already been set in opera- good government, and goes home to tion. apply it. His prinle minister at the present time is Romesh Chandra Dutt, A Chinaman's Generosity whose "Civilization of Ancient India" is a familiar work upon book-shelves A WORKER in the Malay Penin- in all countries, and who is one of sula, writing in Echoes of Service, the enlightened patriots and publicists tells an interesting story of a poor old of India.-The Presbyterian. Chinaman, an inmate of the decrepit ward of the pauper hospital at Kuala Bibles for Indian Students Lumpor. By industry in making baskets he had saved twenty dollars, T HE Bible Society presents the and half of this sum he gave as a Scriptures to all students at Indian freewill offering to God, the remain- universities. Each man, when he ening portion being placed in trust with ters college, is offered a copy of the one of the older Christians against four Gospels and Acts in English; the day of his burial. Yet we still half-way through his course he is hear the reproachful term-"ricc asked to accept an English New Christians !" "Hath not God chosen Testament; and when he has graduthe poor of this world, rich in faith ated, the Society endeavors to arand heirs of the kingdom?" range that he shall go forth with the English Bible in his hands. During The Printing-press as an Evangelizer 19IG no fewer than 6,785 volumes were accepted as gifts from the So- BEGINNING with a small plant ciety among the students of India- twenty-one years ago, the Meth- lASl volumes more than in I909. odist publishing house in Singa- With all the Scriptures presented to pore has grown until it employs now the graduates and students of the about fifty men to produce the books Allahabad University this last year and pamphlets which are printed in went a leaflet entitled, "The King's Malay, Chinese, Tamil, Arabic, Taga- words about the English Bible." This log, Battak, and various European contained the reply of King Ge9rge languages. to the tercentenary deputation of March, 19I I.-The Bible in the INDIA World.

Progress of Moral Reform India and the Italo-Turkish War E VEN in India, polygamy is grow- THE war between Italy and Turkey ing unpopular, not merely be- has given a new opportunity to cause of the cost of living, which see the close fellowship which exists has reduced it to such an extent that between all followers of the false monogamy is getting to be the rule, prophet throughout the world. The but because of the "awakening" that India newspaper Bande Mataram has is due largely to the missionary work stated that Mohammedans throughof Occidentals through religious and out the earth have collected more other channels. His Highness, Shri than $1,000,000 and have handed it Sir Saya Sid Sayaji Rao III, Gaek- to the Sultan as their contribution war Maharajah of Baroda, who is to the war fund. In all large cities almost as well known in Washington with great Mohammedan populations and N ew York as in Calcutta and protest meetings against the war have Bombay, is rated as one of the most been held, and delegates of the Moprogressive rulers in the world, as hammedans living in China and in well as the richest Indian prince and one of the richest men on earth. His

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India have made a much observed life work. Beyond the station there are villages, north, south, east, and call upon the Sultan in Constantinople west, over 1,100 in one collectorate, in which there is not a single Chrisabout the middle of January. tian. Hindus everywhere, appealing strongly to Christendom by their con- The resolutions which were adopted dition and their great needs. Thou- sands of the outcasts are turning to at a great Mohammedan meeting in Christ, but the caste people, while willing to accept much of Christian Aligarh, India, are typical of all thus truth, are opposed to Christianity as such and are not willing to surrenpassed, and we quote therefore a part der all to Him. But light and truth are going forth from Mukti. A few of them. In them the Mohamme- years ago Marathas and Mahars would not drink water in the same dans strongly condemn the aggressive field. Now more than a thousand men, women and children, high caste, attitude of Italy, sincerely and earn- low caste, outcaste, and no caste, come to Mukti regularly from the surestly sympathize with the Turks and rounding villages and hear the Gos- pel. Thus, the seed is being sown. pray for the success of their co- Shall it not produce the abundant harvest in the Lord's time? religionists and the annihilation of Persecution of Converts in India their enemies. They pledge them- THE Gossner Missionary Society selves to boycott Italian goods and has a most prosperous work in consider it their religious duty to Jaspur. More than 2,500 heathen have been converted, and almost 3,000 have raise funds for the help of the become earnest inquirers after the truth as it is in Jesus. This is the wounded Turks, and for the support more remarkable because J aspur seems to have little religious liberty, of the families of the martyrs. They tho it is in the Empire of India, and converts from heathenism are pray the British Government to put severely persecuted by the Hindus. In some cases converts have been an end to an unconscionable, unpro- persuaded or even forced to eat rice upon which blood of the sacrifices voked, and unjust war, as the tradi- had been dropt, or some drops of such blood were put into the mouths tional ally of Turkey and the great- of converts who were then forced to wash them down with brandy made est Islamic power. . from rice. Then they had to sign a statement that they would never Such resolutions leave little doubt again attend Christian services, or, if they did, pay a large amount of that the Turkish war may quickly money.

and easily develop into a religious Frequentlx converts thus treated have gone back into heathenism, not var. so much on account of the fine placed upon attendance at Christian services A· Centennial Near at Hand as rather because they believed that the blood thus eaten had again put T HE Marathi Mission, the oldest American mission in southern Asia, was founded in 1813 by representatives of the American Board, and has work in Bombay, Ahmednagar, Sholkapur, and regions adjacent. The number of villages in which Christians live is 346. The missionary force numbers 42, with 523 native toilers. There are 45 ordained pastors and preachers, 58 organized churches with a membership of 7,340, and a Christian community of 13,216. In the schools 3,824 pupils are found.

At Mukti with· Pandita Ramabai HE Mukti Mission was organized T in 1896, tho the work of Pandita Ramabai was begun in 1887. It offers tremendous opportunities, because at Mukti (Kedgaon, Poona District, Bombay Pres.) the workers are surrounded by more than 1,400 souls, who are there for no other purpose than to be prepared for their

them in the power of demons. Those will be too few to reach the millions who have eaten the blood and yet of Chinese scholars by personal deremained in the Christian Church, are livery of their message, but the inpersecuted, threatened, and subj ected creasing network of post-offices and to attempts at extortion. Thus, it is railways is greatly facilitating the disnot an easy matter to follow Christ tribution of literature. outside the camp of heathenism in J aspur. An Open Door in Canton CHINA T HE American Presbyterian Mis- sion in Canton, under the care of The Immensity of Things Chinese Rev. A. A. Fulton, has been doing a great work. The plan of work is REV. P. FRANK PRICE, of the that of raising up a large body of Presbyterian seminary, Nanking, native helpers and evangelists, who writing in the Union Seminary Maga- go into the towns and villages and zine, makes the following statements: preach. Canton has a population of "There are more people in China than 1,700,000, and the three counties in the four continents, Africa, North about it have 2,000,000 more in 10,- and South America, and Oceanica. 000 cities, towns and villages. There Every third person born into the are already 12 churches, 34 chapels world looks into the face of a Chi- and 21 schools. During the last year nese mother. Every third man who work has been done by the native toils under God's sun and rests under men in 715 villages, and in I,6ro in God's stars, is a Chinese. Every third couple given in marriage plight their two years $I 1,36 I has been raised troth in a Chinese cup of wine. Every third orphan who weeps through the on the field for schools, buildings and day, and every third widow who current work. During the last year wails through the night, is a Chinese. 189 adults and 79 children have been Put them in ranks joining hands, and baptized. In the last five years 2,080 they will girdle the globe ten times at persons have been added on confesthe equator with living, beating human sion. Three new chapels are imperahearts. Constitute them into pilgrims tively needed at once, at $200 each; and let them march before you at the 3 new preachers must be set at work rate of 2,000 every day and night, at $I50 each for the year; 3 new under the sunlight and the solemn Bible women must be employed at stars, and you will hear the steady $50 each for the year; 3 new schools tramp, tramp, tramp of that weary, must be opened at $150 each, and a pressing, throbbing throng for 500 new women's chapel must be opened years. Japan is leading the Orient, at $300. but whither? Of the seventy nations mentioned in ancient history, only An Up-to-date Device two survive to-day. Of these one is scattered throughout the earth await- UP-TO-DATE methods are used in ing its final resurrection, and China China. In one city there is a teais the other. house mission for the benefit of those who will not attend church or chapel. Urgent Call for Christian Literature The Chinese tea-house is an insti- tution, and 400 or 500 people visit DR. MACGILLAVRAY, a veteran this house on fine evenings and thus missionary, calls for the settling come in touch with the Gospel. apart of picked men to devote their whole time to the translation of a Union Bible School in Nanking modern, adequate Christian literature for China. He declares the oppor- A UNITED Bible school at Nantunity to be absolutely unparalleled. king has absorbed three theologi- For many years to come missionaries cal seminaries of four denominations, namely the Northern Methodists, the

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Northern Presbyterians, the Southern ways. The demand itself has de- Presbyterians and the Christians creased and the nature of the demand (Disciples). A Presbyterian paper left has changed. Trading has nearly says: "Some leading minds had the ceased in some ports, and boatmen acuteness to see that in fields where are afraid to carry yarn or similar union was possible at no other point valuable goods on account of the it was feasible to unite all the mis- pirates and robbers in the interior. sions in Bible study." Many letters Then the Chinese dress has changed, on this subject appear. Here is one for thousands of Chinese who have from Rev. A. E. Cory, secretary of done away with their queues, have the Centenary Conference Committee also turned to foreign dress. In the for the promotion of Bible study in interior the characteristic Chinese China: "When we invited Dr. White clothing has been modified. The long to come we had no thought of start- coat or gown is now cut short, about ing a China-wide movement. We the length of an American sack were prepared, however, without real- coat, and even the nature of the cloth izing the extent of it, for the impetus used has been radically modified. to stand together, which the study Voolens and cotton goods manufacof the Bible under the leadership tured in imitation of woolens are beof Dr. White gave us. We turned to ing used, and goods approximating the Bible Teachers' Training School the clothing of foreign men are in in New York as furnishing us the surprizing demand. The change is model for schools in China. There regarded as permanent by Chinese in Nanking is the first of at least IO traders. schools of this type which are asked for. It combines four denominations What Missions Have Done for China already. This movement is not only already China-wide. It includes the A CHINESE secular paper, the whole Far East." Shanghai Mercury, stated, on ~ ovember 27, 1911, editorially, that Antecedents of Dr. Sun up to r840 all China believed that what its rulers said was true and T HE leader of the new Republican trustworthy. Its Huangti (the Em- forces of China, Dr. Sun Vat peror), was considered the sale mas- Sen, an Hawaiian-born Chinaman, ter of the sublunary universe: heaven was educated in Honolulu under the reigning above, he below. China influence of an old Oberlin graduate, alone was refined, all else was bar- William A. Bowen. Mr. Bowen took barian, uneducated, unenlightened, Dr. Sun in charge when young and uncivilized. China knew all that was easily influenced, and instilled into to be known and could look down on him the American love and longing everything and everybody else. But, for freedom. Not only did Mr. so continued the editorial writer, Bowen give the young patriot Ameri- "little by little, thanks to missioncan ideas, and help materially in aries, schools, treaty ports, and still planting the seeds of American de- more, travel, a knowledge of the true mocracy in his mind, but he helped state of affairs began to dawn. Press, to finance the way for the early edu- pulpit, preaching and practise drove cation of the bright young China- home the newer learning, opened the man. windows of the soul to the new light, and despotism was really ready to Indirect Results of China's Changes vanish before the standard of revolu- tion was raised at Wuchang." ATTENTION is called to the fact by Missions that the revolution This testimony of a secular newsin China has upset the trade in cot- paper to the work of the missiontons in South China in unexpected aries in China is as refreshing as it is unsolicited.

JAPAN AND KOREA of the house explains the meaning of certain verses, and chooses a text to High Tribute to Missionaries be taken as a motto for the day, and makes a few simple remarks thereon. RECENTLY Baron Kanda, head Each member of the household takes of the higher commercial school it in turn to pray morning after mornin Tokyo, at a reception and dinner ing. The children's prayers are very, given in honor of Mr. Russell and very short, but impressive in many Mr. Hamilton Holt, of New York, ways, and the way the servants resaid: "Let me in this connection peat the same prayer day after day pay a humble tribute to that noble is rather funny. Whatever happens band of Ainerican missionaries and in the house, family prayers are not teachers who have consecrated their given up. Every member of the lives to the cause of the moral and household is prompt in getting ready intellectual elevation of our people- for the morning meeting at the breakthat noble band headed by the late fast table to worship God. lamented Dr. Hepburn, who with the crown of over four-score years and Other Good Tidings ten, but with a still brighter one of his immortal work left in the hearts DR. SIDNEY GULICK, of Doof his pupils here, has recently gone shisha University, reports that the to his well-earned rest. He has left Kumi-ai (Congregational) churches behind him not a few pupils who have recently held a notable series of have since risen to posts of great im- meetings in Tokyo with very gratiportance in the life of new Japan, fying result. The pastors are earnest among whom I may point with pride and spiritual, and signs of the times to my honored friend, the president are in many ways most hopeful. The of the Bank of Japan (Baron Taka- leaders of the national life are inhashi), present to-night. But there creasingly confident of the need of are many Hepburns, Verbecks, religion, both in public and private Browns and Williamses, the lasting life. They have not yet turned in influence of whose labors it is im- large numbers to Christ, but that day possible to overestimate. And I am is approaching. The new movement glad to say that this noble band is among the missionaries looking towconstantly recruited, and is ever swell- ard better distribution of forces gains ing, whose influence is deeply stamped headwav. A new line of united work upon the rising generation and will is developing in the agreement of a be felt indirectly- through generations decisive number of mission boards to to come_" share in the plan for a permanent committee for Christian literature in Family Worship in Japan Japan. The sum of $2,245 is al- ready pledged to this committee. T HE Kirisutokyo Sekai publishes a letter on family worship, written The Salvation Army in Korea by a Japanese lady whose husband is a Christian. She says that the ON its way round the world, the family worship in her home lasts less Salvation Army has come to Kothan fifteen minutes. The whole fam- rea and has entered the city of Seoul. ily assembles at 6 :45 A.M. around a Colonel and Mrs. Hoggard, experitable that will seat about ten people. enced officers. are in command, and Each person reads his verse of Scrip- Koreans, Japanese, and foreigners are ture in turn, the little children and heartily interested in its work of upthe servants often making rather lift and cheer. At one of its festiamusing mistakes. Each member of vals of sacred. song the Archimandrite the household has his or her morning Paul, head of the Greek Church in for choosing a hymn. After the Korea, and the Russian Consul, oc- Scripture reading is over, the master cupied front seats, while the foreign-

I9I2] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ers in the audience were officials, Eastern and Western Turkey Mismerchants, and missionaries. The lat- sions of the American Board. During ter generally speak of the work ac- the conference such topics as Moscomplished by tr.e Army in tones of lems, and how to reach them; work loud praise. among Bahais and Jews; training of native workers; the old Christian Was Convinced by Christlike Deeds communities, Chaldean, Armenian and N estorian; and the organization, de- I N Pyeng Yang there was a disas- velopment, and self-support of the na- trous flood recently that spoiled tive church, wiII be discust, while every home belonging to the members special addresses on the Evangelizaof the Methodist church. But in spite tion of Kurds, Bakhtiaris, Loors and of this there were 25 at prayer-meet- Arabs; on Religious Liberty in Pering next night. Some had lost all sia; and on similar subjects are antheir possessions, but not one had a nounced. Thus the conference promcomplaint to utter. One man, a ises to be helpful and interesting. wealthy grain merchant, whose wife and daughter were among the most Growth of the Arabian Mission faithful Christians, had resisted for a long time. He had a concubine and T HE Arabian Mission was organ-' persecuted his wife shamefully. The ized by a number of the friends church-member who tried to preach of missionary work among the Moto him said he wouldn't listen at all. hammedans in 1889. It was incor- Three nights after the flood, he came porated in I89I, and three years later to church, where they were having it was formally adopted by the Gena leader's meeting, and stayed to the eral Synod of the Dutch Reformed end. He said he had noticed how the Church in America, which placed it Christians had come down to sympa- under the care of the Board of Forthize and help others, with no thought eign Missions, but continued its disfor themselves. He had seen no tinct corporate existence. The growth such manifestation of a loving heart of the mission has been remarkable, among the unbelievers and he wanted as the following table shows: to know more of the religion that gave it. He wanted to see if they 1895 1900 1905 1910 1912 reaIly were happy and peaceful when 1I1issionaries 4 others in the same outward condi- 1'ative Force 8 9 16 26 34· tions were distrest and upset. He said he wanted that kind of a mind Stations ..• 3 10 21 25 27 and he was going to believe. Hospitals… ~ Expenses .. $5,365 3 3 4 6 MOSLEM LANDS It 2 2tt Missionary Conference in Persia in 1912 $9,799 $17,893 $21,274 $34,833 A MISSIONARY conference is being arranged to meet at Hama- * Includes the representatives of the University dan, Persia, from July 14 to 28, I9I2. of Michigan. t Erected in 1902. tt Two new The societies at work in the empire are the Church Missionary Society, hospitals are being erected. the London Jews' Society, the Swedish Missions forbundet, and the The work has so rapidly developed Presbyterian Church in the United States, but it is expected that mainly and the amount of money needed for the representatives of the Church Missionary Society and the Presby- its support has so largely increased, terian Persian Missions will attend the conference. An urgent invita- that its board of trustees has issued tion, however, has been sent to the an especial call for aid to its large circle of friends and supporters.

Strengthening Work Among Moslems in Europe T HE German Orient Mission is making an earnest effort to strengthen its York among the Mo- hammedans in eastern Europe. Hav- ing sent back the well-known Pastor Awetaranian and his devoted wife to the work in Philippopolis, eastern Rumelia, a short time ago, it has now strengthened the hands and faith

of these tried laborers by sending to police came and informed the misthem Pastor Hagob Shahveled and sionary that it was wrong for him his wife as co-laborers. Pastor Shah- to open such a shop in uncivilized veled was born in Anastasia, in Tur- Hodeidah. The chief ordered Mr. key, and was pastor of an evangelical Hoyer, in the name of the Mutasarcongregation there previous to thF rif, the highest city official, to close great massacres. During the cruel the shop and sell no more books. persecutions he and his wife (a Ger- As a Danish subject, the missionary man) and their children were forced could not be protected by the British to flee to Basel. Thence he went to consul, and he therefore closed the Bulgaria in 1898, and became pas- shop, tho the bystanders told him tor of a small Armenian congrega- that the Mutasarrif wished only a tion in Sofia, the Bulgarian capital. bribe and a little private income from the shop. Since he is able to speak Armenian, Turkish and German fluently, he The British consul, on hearing of is a valuable addition to the mission- the event, ordered him to go back ary force among the Mohammedans. and reopen the place, and if the po- lice inspector came again, to "kick Danish Mission at Hodeidah him out at once." "I did as he told me," writes Mr. Hoyer, "with the REV. OLUF HOYER, of the Da- exception of the last-named injunc- nish Missionary Society, who la- tion, and now I am again selling bored among Arabs and Jews in books." Aden for some time, began work a few years ago in Hodeidah, a EUROPE prominent city on the Red Sea coast, not far from the streets of Bab-el- Work Among Russian Women Students Mandeb. He rented a carpenter's old shop, which he renovated, and AT the Student Conference in Conhaving secured a supply of suitable tantinople, held from April 24 books from Beirut and Cairo, opened to 28, 191 I (see MISSIONARY REVIEW) his bookshop in June, 1911. This 191 I, page 404), the women delegates was something of an event in the from Russia gave Miss Ruth Rouse history of Hodeidah, and for the first an urgent invitation to come to Rustwo days the shop was full of people sia in the autumn to strengthen the from morning till evening. They local groups in St. Petersburg, Moswere especially delighted with the cow, Kieff, and in other cities. Last school-books, having never before October Miss Rouse attended the seen any like them, since the Koran conference of Russian student leaders is the only book studied by the chil- which was held near Wiborg, and bedren in the two schools of Hodeidah. came acquainted with the present Many bought copies, but Bibles were problems, possibilities, and aspirations also in demand, especially Gospels, of the Young Russian Movement and Psalms, and Proverbs, in cheap edi- with the leaders themselves. In St. tions. Petersburg she addrest several large public meetings for both men and An inspector of police came to in- women, and also several meetings for vestigate what books the stranger had women students only. The result was to sell. He examined some and de- an increase of I25 new members of clared them to be exceptionally good, the association and a continued larger because most of the books came from attendance at public meetings and Beirut, and had been passed upon Bible-study classes. by the Turkish censors. Other books from Cairo dealt more freely with In Moscow the plans for public religious controversy, but the in- meetings were frustrated by the ecspector did not want to see them. clesiastical authorities, so that Miss Rouse was forced to restrict her ef- On the fourth day the chief of forts to constructive work among the leaders in the old capital.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

In Kieff the Governor-Gener~l and tion with it 34 pastors, with 18 evanhis wife were friendly, and a public gelists and colporteurs, laboring in meeting was attended by 420 stu- connection with lOS preaching-stadents. Smaller audiences were also tions. The membership of these conaddrest, and as a result of the work gregations includes over II,OOO peo- 20 women and a dozen men students ple vho are converts from Romanwere enrolled as new members of ism. In its Sunday-schools there Bible classes. One of the professors are 3,714 pupils. It is estimated of the Polytechnic Institute, who is that lO,850 meetings have been cona Christian man, consented to be the ducted within twelve months. The president of the new Kieff Associa- aim of this church from its very tion. origination has been to carry the Gospel of Jesus Christ to every ham- Protestantism in France let in Belgium, and it is always work- ing on the hard ground of supersti- CHURCH disestablishment in tion and infidelity. France has not hurt the Protestant churches. In 1905 they received Basel Missionary Society from the State 2,007,090 francs, and raised themselves 309,934 francs for ACCORDING to its ninety-sixth church purposes. Last year they annual report, the Basel Missionraised without State aid, 2,979,000 ary Society had at the close of 1910: francs, more than 900,000 francs above what they received from the ~ .~ State six years before. And their contributions to foreign miSSions, .rS""o' .~ so .c~ :': home evangelization and social work increased. ~ .~~ u~ "'0"

Progress for Boh.emia ."~ Q.~ s~.c -5 Ul :i1 .uc~:O>:) BOHEMIA and Moravia, a country 1''"1 <fJ as large as Scotland, has a Reformed Church that is making prog- India , ………. 26 83 178 18.602 15,760 ress. Their superintendent for Mo- CGKhaomilndea-Cruon';st.' C.~.i.~.l.;.Y 1II9 40 378 10,620 2,284 ravia, the Rev. Dr. F. Cisar, sends 60 663 23,247 7,248 some illustrations from the last thirty 12 54 1,745 11,785 years. Then they had 70 congrega- 10,353 tions; now, 88. Then, almost no Totals …….. 68 237 2,964 – 37,077 preaching stations; now, 64 and 13 affiliated congregations. During thirty 62,822 years the number of places of worship is at least three times larger than fifty The income of the Society at home, years ago. For buildings and church i.e.) in Switzerland and Germany, was funds only, apart from the regular $426,150 . sustentation of churches, in thirty years they spent over 5,300,000 In India, where the Society em- CI'owns, or over £222,000 sterling, a ploys more missionaries than in any sum that astonishes their leaders, who of its other fields, the number of had never compiled these statistics be- baptisms was smallest. The influence fore. of Hinduism and of caste are yet unbroken, so that few Hindus of A Belgian Jubilee' higher class are willing to undergo the persecution and the physical suf- HAVING been founded in No- ferings which await converts to Chris- vember, 1837, the Christian Mis- tianity. Yet the schools of the Basel sionary Church of Belgium is ap- Society in India were crowded and proaching its seventy-fifth anniver- the fruit of the Christian instruction sary. There are working in connec- thus imparted to the future leaders of India must soon appear.

In China the number of baptisms increased, and 568 inquirers were under instruction at the close of the year, tho famine and drought, re- bellion and war, and increase of ma- terialism and vice and gambling se- riously interfered with the work. The Chinese Government placed many

difficulties in the way of the mission- izing the inland regions of the Chiary schools, which explains the small- nese empire. The beginning was small, ness of the number of pupils. but the little one is already becoming In the Gold Coast Colony Chris- a host. There are now 968 missiontianity has become a real power. The authority of the fetish priests has aries in the empire and the baptized been destroyed, and heathenism, tho converts number 36,500, and it is constill fighting and opposing the work fidently believed that at the semi-cenof the Christian missionaries, is dy- tennial four years hence the number ing. A grandson of the famous leader will reach at least 50,000. The mis- Adu Bofo, who once made Mission- sion has had its ups and downs finanary Ramseyer, of the Basel Society, cially. The income for 19IO was a prisoner, and brought him to Ku- $264,530, a decrease as compared rnase, has been baptized. Yet Islam with the previous year of $3,980. is making threatening progress, and This would not seem to be so serious, the increasi41g prosperity of the peo- but for the fact that in the year 1908 ple, caused by the development of the the decrease was $58,130. The total cacao plantations, does not prove an amount expended in the 46 years is unmixed blessing, tho it enabled the approximately $7,500,000. Steady Christian natives in the Gold Coast and systematic work is carried on at Colony to contribute about $26,000 200 central stations and 830 outto the expenses of the Basel Society stations and surrounding districts. III 1910. AMERICA GREAT BRITAIN "Reclamation Day" An Old Missionary Society THE New York Salvation Army T HE Society for Promoting Chris- celebrated Washington's birth- tian Knowledge, the oldest mis- day by a g-eneral movement to reclaim sionary organization in connection drunkards. They visited saloons of with the Church of England, is cele- the city and dragged away the drunkbrating its 215th birthday. The so- ards; more than 1,000 men were taken ciety was founded on March 8, 1698, to the army headquarters, and after when, in the words of its originators, being given something to eat, were there was a "visible decay of religion talked to. At the same time the in this kingdom," coupled with a army held a parade in which a "monstrous increase of deism, pro- "water wagon" was conspicuous. phaneness, and vice." Among the ob- Some of the banners in the parade j ects were: (I) the education of the read : "Washington would not lie; poor; (2) hospital work, especially whisky is a liar"; "don't let the booze on the foreign mission field; (3) the help you down and out; cut it out"; publication of Bibles and prayer- "bubbles on top; bitterness at the books, theological works and treatises bottom." Unfortunately, the drunkon church history; (4) grants of ard himself knows better than any books to sailors, soldiers, emigrants one of the bitterness at the bottom and others; (5) the promotion of for- of the glass, but has not the moral eign missions, toward which large force to combat it. The worst thing grants are made yearly, both in money about liquor is that it robs the user and books. of the control of his faculties, which means moral and physical death.

Growth of the China Inland Mission Americans Not Wholly Sordid FORTY-SIX years ago, Hudson T HOSE who affirm that the church Taylor, without any pledge of is declining as a force in the support from individuals or from a world, that religion is no longer an missionary society, attempted the object of devotion even to so-called seemingly impossible task of evangel- religious people, and that the world is

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 39

altogether sordid and trivial in its a rich layman of Durham, N. c., interests may be edified by looking at asking- him to take his support. He a recent report in the Boston Trans- wrote to Mr. Pratt to come to see cript of the philanthropic gifts of him, and agreed to take him and his America last year. Tabulated figures wife. A little later Mr. Pratt wrote show that $252,007,875 was thus con- to him telling him that he must open tributed by American citizens during a mission in Korea, that he would the twelve months closing December need ro missionaries, and would he 31st. Moreover, of this sum approxi- take the $10,000 necessary? He mately $roo,ooo,ooo was contributed thought about it and prayed and said for the advancement of religious work, he would. A few weeks later he went using that term to include all gifts to to see him again and told him that charities supported by funds secured Mr. Watts would have to take more in the churches. The amount given than $10,000, maybe $20,000. "All for what are classified as distinctively right," he said, "send all the mission- religious objects was thus $8,000,000 aries you need and I will c-arry them."

more than the total gifts for educa- Then they induced Mr. Watts to tion-notwithstanding enormous sums attend the meeting at Chattanooga, donated by a few individuals for that and when he saw those men (50 of purpose-and $40,000,000 more than them) volunteering, he accepted this the amount given to the third main challenge, and said: "Put me in for division-the general good. Again, $5,000 down, or $1,000 a year as long of this $roo,ooo,ooo, $51,000,000 was as I live."

given by 15,000,000 people through Forty Years of War Against Vice the Protestant missionary societies; O $40,000,000 being thus donated for :J March 3, 1912, forty years of faithful home missionary effort horne missions, and $11,000,000 for the foreign missionary work.-Mis- in defense of the morals of the chil- sionary Herald. dren of the United States by Anthony Must We Come to This? Comstock were rounded out. Relent- lessly the war against obscene litera- T HE Catholic World, of New York, ture of every description, and vile said recently: "The Roman photographs and pictures has been Catholic is to wield his vote for the ,,'aged. When it began, in 1872, purpose of securing Catholic ascend- there were no laws in the United ency in this country. All legislation States, either Federal or State, ademust be governed by the will of God quate to reach the evil, and printed unerringly indicated by the Pope. circulars advertising the vilest and Education must be controlIed by the foulest matters were disseminated Catholic authorities, and under edu- broadcast through the mails. Then cation the opinions of the individual was founded the N ew York Society and the utterances of the press are for the Suppression of Vice, and it induded. Many opinions are to be drafted such laws with the aid of its forbidden by the secular arm, under secretary, Anthony Comstock. They the authority of the Church, even to were enacted by the legislatures of war and bloodshed." various States, and by Congress, in What the Laymen'. Movement is Doing 1872 -73. On March 5, 1873, the day after President Grant had signed the T HE following incident is only one United States laws pertaining to the of the many evidences that the subject, and had been reinaugurated, laymen of the country are awakening Mr. Comstock was commissioned a to their opportunity and responsibil- special agent of the Post Office De- ity: Charles Pratt, of the Southern partment to enforce these laws. Thus Presbyterian Board, under appoint- he was able to do as much good work as' he has done throughout these ment to Korea, writes to Mr. vyatt1>,

years, for now the power of the substantial increase. The increase in United States Government was be- those of southeastern European parhind him. entage, however, was astounding. In the classification of the mother tongue During the past forty years 3,547 of people born in Russia, the census persons were arrested by the Society office found such an overwhelming for the Suppression of Vice, and number who gave Yiddish as the more than 145 tons of unlawful mat- mother tongue (which means that ter were seized. Almost 3,000,000 they are Russian, Polish, Galician, or of obscene pictures and 14,794 nega- Rumanian Jews), that Yiddish is betives for making same, 28,428 stereo- ing used in the mother tongue tabutype plates for printing immoral lation of the population of New York books, 318,336 rubber articles, and for the whole Russian group, with 11,IIO pounds of molds for making Polish as the other leading language same, and 3,500,000 circulars adver- of the Russian-born population of tising the books, pictures, and articles the city. This is used as a proof of have been confiscated. Thus much the fact that there were 1,265,000 good has been done. But much work Jews in Greater New York in I9IO. remains to be done yet, before it can vVe consider the estimate too high for be well said that these works of the the city, but believe that it included devil are destroyed in the United the many thousands of Jews in the States. towns across the Hudson in New Jersey and within a radius of 20 The Population of Greater New York miles from the New York post-office. vVe believe that the percentage of the T HE Population Research Bureau population of Greater New York of of the New York Federation of Jewish birth is 23 per cent. Ch~rches has computed the comparative populations of Greater N ew York The Bureau states that in terms of in 1900 and 1910, with gains and percentage, the population of New losses, in terms of parentage, from York, in 1910, was 15-72 per cent. of data furnished the Federation at its British, 15.19 per cent. of Russian, own cost, and transcribed by its own 12.74 per cent. of German, 11.16 per workers in the census bureau. The cent. of Italian, 8.35 per cent. of figures are as follows: PARi<:NTAGE 1900 1910 Loss or Gain 1. British (including colonies) ……………………….. . 946,653 745,569 197,084 loss 910,103 739,408 170,697 loss ~. Northwestern European .. , ……. , ………………… . 779,981 607,088 192,893 loss Germany-Luxemburg ….. , …………………… . 70,829 93,965 23,136 gain Scandinavia ……. , ………… _.. _……………. . 25,950 24,726 1,224 loss 13,343 13,629 286 gain France …………………. , ………………… . 713,476 1,705,192 307,683 724,112 991,716 gain Switzerland ., ……………. , ………….•….. , .. 229,347 532,064 416,429 gain 163.237 398,079 302,717 gain 3. Southeastern European …. , …………………. , …. . 10,499 32,210 234,842 gain Russia-Poland-Finland ….. , ………………… . 1.309 8,745 21,711 gain 1,+01 9,982 7,436 gain Italy ………………………………………. . 62,189 528,990 8,581 gain 24,703 Austria·Hungary …………. , .. , ……………. , .. 60,666 91,709 466,801 gain 6,638 5,994 Roumania … , .. , …………. , ………………… . 921,318 31,043 gain 737,477 644 loss Greece ……… ………….. . …………… . 183,841 gain Turkey …………………………………….. .

4. Mixed (One foreign parent) …………………. , .. , … .

(Two foreign parents) …. , ………………… .

5. Negro ………………………………………… .

6. China and Japan ……….. , ……………………… .

7. Both Parents American-born ………………………. .

The Bureau reports the total popu- Austro-Hungarian, 1.97 per cent. of lation of New York at 4,766,833 in Scandinavian, 13-49 per cent. of 1910, which means an increase of 1,- mixed, 1.92 per cent. of negro, .13 329,68I since I900. New York's per cent. of Chinese and Japanese, population of British and of North- and 19.33 per cent. of native white western European parentages each parentage. The figures thus compiled decreased to a remarkable extent by the New York Federation of from 1900 to 1910, those of Scan- Churches are very interesting, but it dinavian parentage showing the only would be of far greater value to the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Christian worker, for whom they are Many missionary books were sold primarily gathered, to know the re- to the thousands of visitors. They ligious status of these vast masses will bring information and impulse gathered in Greater New York and into many homes, and thus the cause its. adjoining districts, which are so of missions will be benefited permaclosely associated with the urban cen- nently. ter. These masses, according to the latest bulletin of the United States The Priceless Bible Census Bureau, March, I9I2, number HEALING with the Bible as "The 8,494,3 I 5· Sailor's Chart," Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell says: "I love the Bible. I The World in Cincinnati believe it contains all necessary truth about the way a man should walk T HE great missionary exposition, here below. I am glad there are still "the World in Cincinnati," was some puzzles left in it for me and opened on March 9th, and continued for those that come after me. The until April 6th. It was a great op- milk I find in it nourishes me. There portunity for all who availed them- is, no doubt, meat which I can not selves of it, to become acquainted digest, but that those with different with the conditions of native life and viscera than mine are already assimi- Christian effort in many mission lands lating. This I must rest content with, of the earth. To each country was I presume. Every young man, I allotted space within the great Music think, ought not to expect to be so Hall of Cincinnati, with rooms in infallible as to understand the whole which native scenes, costumes, home- of it. That may explain some not life, religious life, work, and recrea- prizing it highly enough. To me it tions were depicted. means everything. Take it away, and you can have all else I possess." Undoubtedly every visitor learned to think of the inhabitants of other Growth of Presbyterian Foreign Missions lands as real people, with the same needs and sorrows and burdens and Per cent. cares of life as we ourselves. But he also saw what great investments 1901 1911 Increase have been made by followers of Christ to lead the inhabitants of all For. missionaries .. 715 1,030 44 the lands represented at the exposition to faith in Him. The work of Native force ….. . 1,841 4,353 136 the missionaries was actually shown, and the beneficent changes wrought Organized churches' 386 763 98 in the lives of heathen everywhere by the preaching of the Gospel were real- Communicants .. . 41,559 114,166 175 ized by many visitors for the first time, as returned missionaries told Schools ……… . 718 1,645 129 of the work in the countries where they have been laboring. Pupils ……… . 25.910 61.099 136 About 10,000 different ~ersons Sunday-school served as trainers, stewards, smgers, or in other capacities. They have be- scholars …… . 38,127 152,057 299 come more intelligent, and therefore more earnest in the work of missions. Presses …. " … . 7 11 59 Have they exerted no influence for good within their homes and the Hospitals ……. . 34 68 100 circles of their friends, as their interest increased? They must continue Dispensaries …. . 43 75 74 to exert an influence in behalf of missions within their churches. Patients treated .. . 340,878 467,820 37 Principal stations .. 117 144 23 Dut-stations ….. . 1,182 1.718 45 Receipts from all sources ….. $957,537.00 $1,676,124.00 72 Receipts per capita .93 1.24 32 Contributions on field (1904) … $117,355.00 $484,~97.90 447 International Conference on the Negro B OOKER T. WASHINGTON has called an International Confer- ence on the Negro, to meet at Tus- kegee Institute, Ala., on April I7th, I8th, and I9th. The object of this conference is to afford an opportunity for studying the methods employed in helping the negro of the United States, with a view of deciding to what extent Tuskegee and Hampton

methods may be applied to conditions sition was heartily and unanimously in other countries where many ne- adopted. Then the same man pro- groes are found, as well as to condi- posed that in addition one out of tions in Africa. Persons who are every ten of their number give his actively interested in the negro, or entire time to the proclamation of directly engaged as missionaries, or' the glad tidings, and be supported by otherwise, in the work that is going the other nine. This proposition, too, on in Africa, the West Indies, North met with hearty acceptance. Every and South America, and elsewhere week the tithes are brought to the for the education and upbuilding of treasurer in the coin of the realm, to the negro have been invited, and it wit, brass rods eleven inches in length, is hoped that representatives of gov- worth about one cent, and tied in ernments especially interested in the bundles of ten each.

negro problem may attend the con- Five Kings at a Centennial ference. FlVE native kings and their ret- Gospel Power Felt in Cuba inues were present at the cen- T HE Gospel in Cuba is working a tenary celebrations of the Wesleyan social regeneration, teaching les- IIethodist missionary society on the sons of self-control, purity, honesty, Gold Coast. One of them, a man of truthfulness, and virtue. Children 85 years, was 9 years old when the are growing up with higher ideals first missionary arrived at Cape before their eyes, and will instinct- Coast in 1835. During the day $1,500, ively turn away from the common almost entirely in silver, was contrib- vices of bull-fighting, cock-fighting, uted. The mission has 200 native gambling, and the desecration of the teachers, agents, catechists and minis- Sabbath. The missionary is also giv- ters, and about 3I,ooO members of ing needed instruction in hyg'iene, all kinds, while 100,000 people wor- while the moral tone of the Gospel ship in the churches.

is reacting on the Roman Catholic SOUTH AFRICA priesthood and forcing the priests to adopt better methods. T Rejoicings in Natal HE most notable event in South WEST AFRICA African mission life during the A Prosperous Mission on the Kongo past year has been the celebration of A THRILLING story is told by Men the seventy-fifth anniversary of the and Missions, of a mission of coming of the Gospel to the Zulus.

the Christian (Disciple) Church upon A jubilee convocation of twelve days'

the Kongo, in which every member duration was held in Durban, Natal.

pays tithes upon his entire income, There were united Christian conven- and in addition every tenth member tions for the deepening of the spiri- gives his entire time to the proclama- tual life; also exhibitions of the pro- tion of the Gospel, the other nine ducts of industrial education-har- providing for his support. The first ness-making, shoe-making, carpentry, convert was baptized after three years, tailoring, pottery and the fabrication a man so lame as to be able to move of an admirable rustic furniture from neither hands nor feet. At the end "monkey-rope." One telling feature of another year 31 savages from of this exhibit was a native village seven warring villages were added. school in full operation. The culmina- The membership has since increased tion of the celebration was a great to more than 2,000. At the first com- missionary meeting in Durban town nmnion service one of the natives hall. This building, holding some arose and proposed that it be made 4,500 people, was filled to its utmost the rule of the church that every mem- capacity with the elite of the colony, ber tithe his income, and the propo- Lord Gladstone, governor-general of

South Africa, presiding. A choru~ time ago they persuaded the Regent, of 350 Zulus sang, with electrifying Lidj Jasu, to put in prison all Roman power, Sir John Stainer's "Trust ye Catholics and all Protestants, but the in the mighty God," Greig's great French Consul saved the Roman Cathsetting of the Seventh of the Revela- alics. Of the Protestants 21 were tion, and other anthems. Sixty thou- arrested on September 10,1911, bound sand black church-members, repre- and led before the Regent. He ordered senting a Christian community of that each receive forty strokes. The fully 200,000, presented an address execution of the order commenced at to the governor-general. once, and long, heavy thongs of leather were applied to the bare backs of the Boer Missionary Work first nine victims. Two of them died at once, and it seemed probable that I N the Boer missian in Nyasaland all would perish under the cruel chas- and Rhodesia, 600 adults were tisement, when the ministers of war baptized and 4,000 admitted into in- and of the interior interfered and sucstruction classes last year. Over 45,- ceeded in having the sentence sus- 000 children are taught in the day pended for the present. The captives schools of the mission. Such statis- were then liberated, but they were tics mark a revolutionary change of told that they would be rearrested, opinion among South African Boers and one arm and one foot would be since the days of Livingstone, when cut off and the tongue would be torn Kaffir and Hottentot were considered out of the mouth of anyone who Canaanites in the land fit at best for would again visit the home of the misslavery and often for death. sionaries.

NORTH AFRICA Another convert, Alaka Mariam Tajelenj, has been tried before the News from Abyssinia Abuna on four charges, viz.: I. That he prepared and ate meat on Wednes- THE missionaries af the Swedish days and Fridays (which are days of National Missionary Saciety have fasting in Abyssinia). 2. That he tried earnestly and faithfully to. enter taught the priests in Kamkam, Koroda, Abyssinia with the Gospel from its and Dera to eat before the services stations an the borders of the closed and the celebratian of the Lord's land. After years of great discour- Supper. 3. That he declared that the agements and dangers, it seemed as saints are not mediators for sinners. if the king himself was becoming 4. That he condemned the adoration interested, and the preaching of the of pictures as idolatry. After a long Gospel wauld be permitted among its trial he was declared "not guilty" by benighted multitudes (see MISSIONARY the Abuna. REVIEW 1908, p. 430, 190.9, p. 225), and encouraging reports came from EAST AFRICA the Swedish missionaries, telling of earnest inquirers and true converts. Christmas in Uganda Then the success of the Protestants aroused the jealousy and anger of the T HE Rev. R. H. Leakey, of Bule- Abyssinian clergy, and finally a per- mezi, in the kingdom of Uganda, secution of converts to. Protestant who has the oversight of a district doctrine commenced, which, accord- containing aver 150 places of woring to. recent reports, continues in ship, with an average Sunday attendan exasperating manner. Rev. Karl ance of over 12,000, reports the bap- Coderquist, one of the faithful mis- tism last vear of close on 1,000 persionaries of the Swedish National sons (adults and infants), and 400 Society, writes that the Abyssinian more adults under instructian for Archbishop, Abuna, and his clergy baptism. Over 8,000 children atare determined to wage relentless tend the variaus schools. Writing battle against Protestantism. Some November 26th, from Ndeje, Mr.

Leakey says: "Is it not good to tary of the American Board of Com- think that out here in the heart of missioners for Foreign Missions- Africa, where only a few years ago recently returned from an extended all was darkness, there are thou- journey through Turkey, Africa and sands who call Christmas Day 'Seku India.

kuu,' which meam, 'the great day'? Other special conferences and in- On Christmas Day we generally have stitutes have been arranged for Sun- the largest communion service of the day-school superintendents and teachyear and a crowded congr~gation. ers, missionary committeemen and for This year I have had a class of 21 practically every type of work in the men in training as evangelists, and local church activities. another class of 21 lads who are be- Additional information concerning ing trained as pupil teachers. the conference may be had by address- NOTICES ing C. V. Vickrey, Missionary Edu- cation Movement, 156 Fifth Ave., International Missionary Union New York, N. Y.

T HE International Missionary OBITUARY NOTES Union which was founded by the late Dr. J. T. Gracey in 1883, will Wilhelm Sorensen hold its 29th annual gathering in Clifton Springs, N. Y., from May 29 NEAR the end of 19II, Pastor Wilto June 5, 19I2. Its object is to pro- helm Sorensen died in Husby in mote missionary fellowship and in- Denmark. He was one of the best crease missionary interest and effec- known missionary writers of Scantiveness, and all who have ever served dinavia, and had done much to inas evangelical missionaries or are now crease interest in the knowledge of under appointment as such, are cor- missionary activity. Born in 1840, he dially invited to join in this confer- became a pastor in 1865, but his great ence and union of prayer. All mission- interest in missions was soon shown aries are offered free entertainment in many articles which he published by the Clifton Springs Sanitarium in the N ordisk Missions Tidskrift during the Conference, while all These were followed in 1895 by a persons interested in missions are larger work. "The Expectations and most welcome at all sessions. Tho the Successes of Modern Missions." general founder and president of In 1899 he became one of the editors the Union has recently been called of the excellent N ordisk Missions home by the Lord of the Harvest, the Tidskrift, in which office he continued blest influence of his efforts continues until his death, and at the time of in the Union. the Edinburgh World Mission Con- ference he had become known as the For particulars address the Cor- leader of the missionary cause ~n Denresponding Secretary, Mrs. H. ]. mark, and as such became a valued Bostwick, Clifton Springs, N. Y. member of Commission 1.

Missionary Leaders' Conference MONG the innovations that will Miss Harriet Seymour, of Turkey A characterize the' Missionary Edu- ISS SEYMOUR who filkd thirty- M cation Movement Conference at Silver seven years with fruitful labor Bay on Lake George, July 12-21, this in· Harpoot, Turkey, and then retired year, will be a special program for because she had not the strength to laymen under the leadership of Mr. labor longer, has recently gone to her ]. Campbell White, general secretary reward. During her long period of of the Laymen's Missionary Move- service she visited America only once.

ment. She was a deeply spiritual woman and There will be another series of con- elevated, body and soul, to the work ferences or institutes for pastors led which she felt that her Lord hac!

by Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, Secre- committed to her. AND MISSION LANDS THE STORY OF KOREA. By Joseph H. Long- weapon in their hands that has never ford. 8vo, 400 pp. T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1911. failed them. The word and will of Here is a scholarly and succinct their Emperor are sacred. His comaccount of the Korean people from the dawn of their history three thousand mands are received with all the reveryears ago up to the annexation of the peninsula by Japan. Mr. Longford, ential obedience that we theoretically the author of the "Story of Old Japan," was for a number of years British render to those of the Decalog. Fifconsul in the Sunrise Kingdom. teen years ago there was an extraor- In view of the present relations between the two countries, it is espe- dinary epidemic among the lowest J apcially fitting that one so well versed in the history of Japan should write anese classes, at the great shipping a history of Korea, and if the author's knowledge of Korea's ancient history ports of Japan, of wanton assaults on is as accurate as his acquaintance with recent years, it may be regarded as Europeans. Even ladies were often trustworthy, in historical but not in missionary facts. The country and its the victims. It was brought people, social customs, its history, ancient and modern, relations with Japan, to the Emperor's own knowledge, and China and European Powers, the rise and progress of Christianity, are all an Imperial Rescript at once appeared ably presented. notifying His Majesty's disapproval of Korea has frequently been cited as a country incompetent of self-govern- such acts. The assaults ceased at once. ment, but, according to Mr. Longford, the reigns of the two dynasties When Japan, by one stroke of the preceding the Japanese invasion in the sixteenth century would compare fa- pen, added ten million people to her vorably with that of any European nation of the same time. citizens . another Imperial Re- 'While unsparing in his denunciation script appeared in which His Majesty of Japan's barbarous treatment of this most unfortunate people in ancient declared that" 'All Koreans under his times, and while recognizing that the present Japanese regime has not yet sway shall enjoy growing prosperity fully "m'ade good," still the author shows entire friendliness and fairness and welfare, and be assured of repose toward the regime at the time of the annexation, and expresses confidence and security,' and called upon 'all his that success will ultimately crown the undertaking. officials and authorities to fulfil their At the close of his chapter on the duties in appreciation of his will.' . . Japanese Protectorate, Mr. Longford states his position in a striking man- "The Japanese have a great task bener: fore them, before they can remedy the "The Japanese have one great errors which they have made in Ko- rea during the past thirty years, and let the curtain of oblivion fall over the many glaring misdeeds which have too often covered their administration with shame. The present writer believes that they will show themselves equal to their task, that they will prove not unworthy of the high position which they hold as the equal of the greatest Christian Powers of the world, and that they will, in deference to the com- mands of their Emperor, bring all the blessings of good and honest govern- ment to a people who have been the most misgoverned on earth."

The author gives a clear and com- paratively full account of early Roman Catholic missions in the Peninsula (from Roman Catholic sources). It is to be regretted that the phenomenal success of the modern Protestant missionary movement in Korea is only mission schools have been used by Kobriefly referred to, and in the four rean agitators to foster a spirit of repages devoted to this subject are founel bellion. We think the author does not many inaccuracies in statement, anel give sufficient weight to the charges some in spelling. of oppression and lack of considera- tion brought against the Japanese mili- On the subject of modern missions tary forces. The author discredits, the writer has evidently not taken however, the insinuation that missionsufficient pains 11:0 gather either full aries are responsible for Korean or accurate information. He says for example, that the "Prelatists and hostility to Japanese authority. There Presbyterians, Baptists and Method- has been, and is still, very good ists, the Salvation Army, the Young grounds for criticism of the actions Men's Christian Association, and per- of some of the Japanese officers haps a score of others, have now their and men stationed in Korea, but misrepresentative missions in Korea." sionaries have refused to take sides in Instead of "a score" it should read two political questions, and have uniformly or three. Moreover, he gives an erro- advised Koreans to be loyal to their neous impression of conflicting and new rulers. It may be true that some confusing denominations, whereas, Koreans adopt Christianity as a cloak aside from the prelatical missions, the to cover their hostility toward Japan, whole country is harmoniously divided but these are not numerous, and would between the Methodists and Presby- soon be discovered if Japanese authoriterians. Christian union and coopera- ties cooperated more harmoniously tion is remarkable in Korean missions. with the missionaries. The greatest cause of misgiving is the fact that the On the whole, however, the book is military, not the civil, authorities are to be strongly recommended to all who in control in Korea, and that they inare interested in watching God's move- tend to remain in power as long as ments in history. A copious index and possible. excellent illustrations and a map add much to the worth of the volume. SOME GREAT LEADERS IN THE WORLD MOVE- AMERICAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS. By Ki- MENT. By Robert E. Speer. 12mo, 295 yoshi K. Kawakami. 12mo, 370 pp. DJ). $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., $2.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New 1911. York, 1912. Raymund Lull, William Carey, Mr. Kawakami is, as his name im- Alexander Duff, Charles George Gorplies, a Japanese. His book gives a clan are names to conjure with, and clear, intelligent, fair-minded presen- Robert E. Speer is a man who knows tation of the important questions re- well how to tell a life story so as to lating to the Japanese in Manchuria, impress its message. George Bowen, in Korea, and in America. No doubt the Christian mystic of India, and Lord the author takes the views most favor- John Lawrence, the Christian statesable to the Japanese plans and policy, man, are not so well known by the and may not give sufficient weight to American public, but they are worth the charges of unlawful ambition in knowing, and are here well introduced. M.anchuria and unmerciful severity in These brief biographies are stimulat- Korea, but his statement of these ing to the reader, and offer excellent questions and their solution is well material with which to stimulate worth reading. Mr. Kawakami is evi- others. dently a man of fine spirit, who believes there should be and will be no HUDSON TAYLOR IN EARLY YEARS. By Dr. war between America and his country. and Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illustrated. He also holds that Japanese rule in 8vo, 511 pp. 7s. 6d. Morgen & Scott, Korea will be a blessing to that land. London. $2.25. George E. Doran, He speaks highly of the work of New York, 1911. American missionaries, but claims that It is a difficult matter to portray a soul or to describe its growth, but this is what Dr. and Mrs. Taylor have at-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

tempted in great detail in their por- CHRIS.TIAN MISSIONS IN THE TELUGU COUNtrait of the famous founder of the TRY. By G. Hibbert-Ware. Illustrated. China Inland Mission. The result is 12mo, 216 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G., Lona volume full of instruction and of don, 1912. inspiration, tho at times somewhat too minute in its delineation. The Telugus of India have been re- markably responsive to the Gospel of The story of Hudson Taylor's life Christ. American Baptists, Methodis remarkable, first of all for the in- ists, Congregationalists, and Reformed sight it gives into the influences that and others have brought many into the molded the life of the child and the Church. This volume tells the story young man and prepared him for the of the work of the Anglican missions experiences and service which God among the same people. The first two had in view for him. The missionary chapters are occupied with describing is portrayed as a young man of re- the country and people; the last two markably serious and sensitive nature; refer to the work of the Church Mishis letters as a lad read like those of sionary Society and the London Misa mature Christian. He imposed on sionary Society. The remainder of himself a course of training to pre- the book gives an excellent account pare himself for future hardship in of the work of the S. P. G. and its China, and put God to the test as a fruitful results. prayer-hearing and a prayer-answering God. Some of his experiences A PRIMER OF HINDUISM. ]. N. Farquhar. are noteworthy, and clearly fitted him 12mo, paper. Christian Literature Sofor his future trials and the leader- ciety for India, Madras, 1911. ship of the greatest interdenominational missionary society of the world. Mr. Farquhar's intimate knowledge of the subject, his fairness and dis- It is, perhaps, an idealized portrait crimination, are revealed in his article that has been presented-or Hudson that appeared in the April number of Taylor's only faults were too great the REVIEW. In the present "primer" introspection and hypersensitiveness. he takes up the subject more in detail, The lessons are clearly and forcefully giving an outline of the history of drawn-as great as those from the Hinduism from the beginning, and an lives of George Muller or William estimate of Hinduism as a system. Carey. The reality of God is shown This is the best brief presentation of by practical experience; His readiness the subject we have ever seen. It has to answer believing prayer; His abil- a bibliography and is adapted for a ity to provide for temporal needs in course of study. the greatest extremity; His leadership in affairs great and small. SEVENTEEN YEARS AMONG THE SEA DYAKS OF BORNEO. By Edwin H. Gomes. Il- INDIA AWAKENING. By Sherwood Eddy. 12010, 273 pp. SOc. Missionary Edu- lustrated. 8vo, 343 pp. $3.50, net. ]. cation Movement, New York, 1911. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1912. A comprehensive and hopeful picture of India is here presented by one The head-hunters of North Borneo who has been for fifteen years a self- are a remarkable and an exceedingly supporting missionary there. He has interesting people, and Mr. Gomes has traveled all over the land, so that his succeeded in giving an illuminating experience and knowledge are unusu- and attractive picture of their life, ally wide-spread and intimate. The character and customs. He shows us text-book Mr. Eddy has given us is the dusky children of the jungle in worthy of the man and the subject. their primitive community houses, with It is a sane spiritual view! of the their daily life from birth to death, people and their needs. It is packed their fear of evil spirits and their refull of information, has a good map ligious beliefs, their virtues and their and a full table of statistics. faults, their traditions and folklore, their work and play. The people are worth knowing, and this volume brings us into intimate acquaintance with them.

The Dyaks have many excellent TWENTY YEARS OF PIONEER MISSIONS IN qualities, are as a rule hard-working NYASALANIl. A History of Moravian and honest, and they have a well-ob- Missions in German East Africa. By served moral code. At the same time they are ignorant of God and true Bishop 1. Taylor Hamilton, D.D. Il- ideals of life. They live a mere animal existence, have little regard for lustrated, 12mo, 192 pp. $1.25. Morahuman life, and think little of sexual vian Bookstore, Bethlehem, Pa., 1912. intimacy among unmarried youths. JAPAN OF THE JAPANESE. By J. H. Long- The Church of England (S. P. G.) and the Roman Catholics are working ford. 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons, among the Sea Dyaks of Sarawak, but New York, 1912. find it difficult to secure large results, REDEMPTION OF THE CITY. By C. Hatch owing to the manner of life and the Sears. SOc. Griffith & Rowland, Philaindifference of the people. Their fu- delphia, 1912. ture is not bright as a race. They will THE GIRL THAT GOES 'NRONG. By Reginald probably die out; the only hope is in Wright Kaufman. 12mo. $1.25, net. the education of the children in the Moffat, Yard & Co., New York. Christian faith and life. Anyone will WHERE HALF THE WORLIJ Is WAKING UP. find the book most entertaining and in- By Clarence Poe. Illustrated. $1.25, structive. net. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. THE MIRROR OF HINDU PHILOSOPHICAL THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE. By Maurice Baring. SYSTEMS. By Nehemiah Goreh. 12mo, 8vo. $3.50. George H. Doran Co., 384 pp. Translated by Fitz-Edward New York. Hall. Third Edition. Christian Litera- TURKEY AND ITs PEOPLE. By Sir Edwin ture Society for India, Madras, 1911. Pears. 8vo. $3.50, net. George H. Doran Co., New York. A Benares Pundit wrote the original CHILE AND HER PEOPLE OF TO-DAY. By book of which this is a translation. He Nevin O. Winter. $3.00. Three-quarspoke from intimate knowledge of the ters morocco. $7.00. L. C. Page & philosophy of Hinduism and its effect Co., Boston, 1912. on the people of India. The discus- AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF LABRADOR. By S. sions are somewhat abstruse for the K. Hutton, M.B. Illustrated, 16s. net. average reader, but they give a valu- Seeley, Service & Co., London, 19'12. able course of study for missionaries, CALL OF CHRIST. A Story of Foreign Misstudents, and others, who would delve sions. By Rev. R. H. Crozier, D.D. more deeply into the system and its 220 pp. Whittet & Shepperson, Richliterature. Hindu theology and ethics mond, Va., 1912. are set forth by one who speaks with THE ADVANCE GUARD 0];' MISSIONS.. By authority. Clifford G. Howell. 12mo, 347 pp. Pa- cific Press Publishing Association, NEW BOOKS Mountain View, Cal. 1912. INDIA AND DAILY LIFE IN BENGAL. By THE MISSION OF OUR NATION. By James Rev. Z. F. Griffin, B.D. Illustrated, Franklin Love, D.D. 12mo, 240 pp. 12mo, 214 pp. $1.00, net. American $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Baptist Publishing Society, Philadel- York. phia.

CHRISTIAN AND MOHAMMEDAN. A Plea for TRUE EVANGELISM. By Lewis Sperry Bridging the Chasm. By George F. Chafer. 12mo, 159 pp. SOc., net. Gos- Herrick. Illustrated, 12mo, 2S3 pp. pel Publishing House, Bible School $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Park, N. Y. 1912. York. PAMPHLETS CHRISTIANITY AND THE SOCIAL CRISIS. By Walter Rauschenbusch. 12mo, 429 pp. CHURCH UNITY AND INTERCESSION. Chas. SOc., net. Macmillan Company, New Brown, D.D., W. Goudie, H. Elvet York, 1912. Lewis, M.A., E. Graham Ingham, D.D., H. L. C. V. de Candole, M.A., F. L. CONSERVATION OF THE SPIRITUAL LIFE. As Denman, M.A., Contributors. 8<t: pp. Taught by St. John. By Marcus L. Is., net. Evangelical Alliance, London, Gray. 12mo, 137 pp. $1.25. W. B. 1912. Palmore, 3504 Washington AYe., St. Louis, Mo. AMERICAN BAPTIST MIS·SION PRESS, Ran- goon, Burma. By F. D. Phinney, Sn- perintendent. 100 pp. 15c. American Baptist Missions Press, Rangoon, 1912.

THE CaURCH MISSIONARY COMMITTEE. A Manual of Suggestions on a Unified Program of Mis5ionary Education and Giving in the Local Church. 5c. American Baptist Foreign Mission So- ciety, Boston, 1912.