The Missionary Review of the World — November 1920

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AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY BIBLE HOUSE Astor Place New York Please mention T~ut MISSIONAltY RSVIJi~W OJ! 'tHJt WORI.D in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELA VAN L PIERSON, Ed".,.

CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER, 1920 COVER ILLUSTRATION-RELICS OF ANCIENT INCA CIVILIZATIClN – Page FRONTISPIECE-INDIANs IN THE PUBLIC MARKET OF CUZCO, PERU EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………… :……. 951 NEW CAIRO UNIVERSITY OPENED THE SITUA'rrON IN NORTH PERSIA LIFE AND DEATH IN RUSSIA TEE NEGLECTED NAVAJO INDIANS CHRISTIANITy-ORIENTAL AND OCCI- SHALL WE DRIFT OR STEER? DENTAL THE UNITED STATES IN HAITI HIGHLAND INDIANS OF THE ANDEAN REPUBLICS GEORGE M. McBRIDE 961 A highly informing article, illustrated with photographs, describing the character and conditions of the aborigines of South America.

MY BROTHER ON THE FRONTIER ………………………. CoE HAYNE 974 A' stirring story of the work of Dan Schultz in the western pioneer towns of America. A most interesting "sky pilot" story.

WORK AMONG THE WOODSMEN ………………… JEFFERSON C. SMITH 978 A descriptiO'» of work for lumbermen of Maine by the Young Mien's Christian Assorial'ion. A glimpse is given also of the work of the famous preacher to the lumberjacks, the late Frank Higgins.

INTERPRETING THE GOSPEL TO NEW AMERICANS CHARI.ES A. BROOKS 984 A study of the needs of the immigrants, and the methods by which the Gospel of Christ may be presented to them most successfully.

THE FOREIGNER'S APPEAL-Poem . ………………………. T. A. DALY 987 URGENT NEEDS OF AMERICAN INDIANS ………… G. E. E. LINDQUIST 988 A report of the recent conference of workers among the American Indians, and the program outlined for supplying their needs.

THE WORK OF THE ROE INDIAN INSTITUTE ………….. LEE MCCRAE 995 An illustrated account of the work of the Institute, founded in memory of Dr. Walter Roe, and presided OVer by Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, the Winne- bago Indian.

AMONG THE KURDS OF KERMANSHAH ………. BVNCHE WILSON STEAD 997 An account of the efforts to establish Christian work among the unruly tribes of Kurds in Persia.

BEST METHODS ………………………… .. Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 1001 ValU<tble suggestions as to how to use missionary magazines, and the benefits of introducing them to olhers.

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A Moslem Seeker After God By Samuel M. Zwemer, F. R. G. S.

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Chinese Heart Throbs By Jennie V. Hughes With Introduction by Mary Stone, M. D.

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Sadhu Sundar Singh By Mrs. Arthur Parker (Called of God) London Missionary Society, TriIJandram, India "His story, ably told by Mrs. Arthur Parker, reads like a book of Apostolic adventure. Paul's perils of waters and of robbers were Sundar Singh's also. Rejected by his family he has become India's foremost evangelist."-S. S. Times. Illustrated, net $1.25.

– At all Booksellers Fleming H. Revell Company, Publishers 158 Fifth Avenue, New York City Please mention THt M1SSIONARY RI:vn:w Ot:' 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers Pocket Testament JUST A REMINDER League Supplies ABOUT CHRISTMAS While any k.ind of Bible or T esta- ment may be carried by League Again the Christmas season draws Members these special editions are near; again the task of Christmas recommended. Contain soul-win- gift planning is here. What shall it ning helps, 15 colored views ~ be this year for father, mother, sis- Palestine, 2 ~ (words & music) ter, brother, uncle, aunt and all the and Decision Pa~e. others who find places on 'you' Christmas list? Win you go througL Pocket Size Teltaments the usual campaign of worry this year, with its inevitable cyclone finish l J-;jx3 %' Inches ~a finish which takes about all the pleasure out of the holiday season Printed Clear for you? on real Readable Type Have you ever realized how easily India Paper you can avoid all this by handing ail or part of your gift list to the' *5 N. Edition MISSIONARY REVIEW? Send the RE- VIEW to your friends and relatives and Prkes vary according to style of have your gift coming to them not binding:- once, but twelve times~fresh every month of the year. Not only will No. I C.Dark Green waterproof cloth your gift be a year-long remembrance and pleasure, but it will be one that . 50c postpaid helps build up missionary interest-a gift to Christ at the same time. What No. 1 K-Khaki waterproof cloth 50c .. better Christmas gift could you find?

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_THE

EVIEW~ VOL. NOVEMBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII ELEVEN THE NEW CAIRO UNIVERSITY OPENED C AIRO University, of which Dr. Charles R. Watson is President opened in September. A part of the money for equipment and endowment has been secured, trustees have been elected and some of the teaching force has been secured. The putting into operation of its large program of education must wait until more adequate financial support is secured.

This is the opportune time for the opening of a Christian University in Egypt. The Near East is being transformed and men are looking for modern training. Moreover the granting of independence to Egypt has brought to many of the young patriots a new sense of their need for a modern education.

There is a report that the Moslem Azhar University is passing through an almost unheard of transition, in the direction of introducing modern methods and studies. Dr. McClenahan writes that he hears that even the Bible is to be taught; Hebrew also. If these reports are even half true, the changes will be revolutionary. He continues: "Most conspicuous, however, is the eagerness everywhere fQr education. My discussions with a great number of people have strongly increased the conviction that the country is waiting for just the sort of education which we hav.e been planning for, namely a University that will impart cultural and general education in which knowledge is combined with character development."

The political changes have affected the mental and religious attitude of the people. According to the terms of peace with Turkey, Greece is awarded all of Thrace and Smyrna, with adjoining territory running back approximately sixty-five miles with a breadth of 125 miles. Turkey is allowed to remain in authority 951

in Anatolia, with the exception of a small portion in the east, which is given to Armenia. France is to have control over Syria. Great Britain has a mandatory for Mesopotamia and Palestine.

What is the significance of this as regards Egypt f Here alone of all the countries of that compact world do we find a center of influence under a Western government, whose language makes it easy for English-speaking Americans to establish there a base for their educational institutions, and their uplifting missionary processes.

THE SITUATION IN NORTH PERSIA F EW places have been so isolated by the war as Persia. Access- ible to the world only through the Caucasus, Trebizond on the Black Sea, and Baghdad on the south, these routes have been practically closed during the war.

Although a neutral nation, Persia has suffered terribly through the war. It is estimated that out of its population of eight to ten million, one million have perished through disease, epidemic and famine. The heaviest blow has fallen on the province of Azerbaijan in northwest Persia, where a series of wunderfully fertile plains are surrounded by high mountains. The most beautiful is the plain of Urumia, called by travelers, "The Garden of Persia."* Before the war, the Presbyterian Mission in Urumia included the Fisk Seminary with over 100 pupils with Moslem and Jewish departments; the Mission Press, from which have gone out millions of pages of the Bible and the Syriac literature needed for Christian schools; the treasury building, the Dewan Khana, where official calls. were received, three missionary residences and the Labaree Memo- rial Church. Serdari, near by, was the beautiful garden containing the American Boys' School. Outside of the city was the Hospital with accommodation for over 100 patients, the college buildings for the Syrian department of education, and missionary residences.

These buildings have all been thoroughly looted, some complete- ly destroyed and others badly injured (except Serdari, which was too useful to the Persians to be ruined). .

But the greatest loss has been the destruction of the Christian villages: Thousands have died by massacre, disease, famine and deportation. It is estimated that of the 30,000 Christians in Urumia before the war, not more than 10,000 remain. The fate of the hun- dreds of captive and outraged women is worse than death. Eighteen Presbyterian missionaries occupied Urumia Station before the war. Of these five have died, and twelve have been forced to return to America as the re·sult of their sufferings. Only one is on the field and he in another station. The Christian population that survived the horrors of siege, famine, epidemic and deporta- • The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions had here a large and flourishing station, the mother of all the other stations in Persia.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

tion, are now scattered in Tabriz, Kazvin, Ramadan, Kermanshah and Mosul. The British have come to the rescue of these refugees, and have pitched thousands of tents, established sanitation, erected hospitals and sanitariums, fed the hungry, buried dead and es- tablished law and order. They have also given employment to thou- sands of men and women, and through refugee labor built many miles of permanent roads.

In Urumia the Kurds, under their infamous chief Simku, have overrun the plain and taken possession of the government. They are making life miserable for the Moslems, who are reaping what they have sown. Not only Christian but Moslem villages are almost de- serted and most of the population are starving to death in the city, . where nothing adequate is being done for them.

It is two years since the armistice was signed. How soon will the work of rehabilitation be begun by establishing order and mak- ing life secure so as to enable the exiles to start over again 1 Will the American Government allow the lawless Kurd and hungry Persian to pick American property to pieces, selling the brick and stone for a song~ Is nothing to be done to show that precious American life and hundreds of thousands of dollars of American property cannot be destroyed with impunity~ Is it much wonder that Persians and Turks tauntingly say that Americans have no government ¥ But though Christians may suffer martyrdom and property may be destroyed the" gates of hell" cannot prevail against the Church of God. The heroism and self-sacrificing service of the missionaries, who remained at their posts of duty and suffered with the people, have made many of the Persians realize that material forces are not supreme and they know that their own religion has failed them. Never before was the door so wide open to the Christian evangelist, teacher and physician as it is today. The love of God and the sword of the Spirit must replace hatred and the sword of steel. From every side the call sounds: "Come over and help us." Let the Church at home meet this opportunity in the spirit of Christ.

FORCES FOR LIFE AND'DEATH IN RUSSIA R USSIA is a laboratory for the working out of an experiment in- the rule of the proletariat, but it is a laboratory without the supervision or a scientific expert. Consequently explosions and devastations result from the handling of powerful chemicals. T'he laboring classes and unscrupulous leaders are determined to use power for selfish purposes. God and His laws are disregarded. What else could be expected other than disaster1 Prof. Zeidler, ex-head of the Petrograd Red Cross Society and now a refugee in Finland, reports that conditions in Petrograd are marked by starvation and filth. "Death stalks on every side and the once famous and beautiful capital is now reduced to one-fourth its size. The population has

shrunk from two million to 600,000 and the deaths number a thousand a day. Houses are choked with filth, the fuel and food situation is unspeakably bad and prices are incredibly high. Only one street car line is running and most homes are in darkness. The government is disorganized and property is decaying. Petrograd is facing a dreadful phantom of epidemics. Hospitals are overflowing and the attendants are untrained army men, rough and lazy, who rob the hos- pitals and the patients. Science is not encouraged in Russia and physicians cannot obtain chemicals, medicines or instruments. It is impossible not to be moved by the hunger and struggles of the dying people."

The government of Russia is nominally a democracy. It is in reality a tyranny of the worst sort with unscrppulous and uneducated leaders in control. They have not God in all· their thoughts and care· not to know or obey His laws. The result is disorder and death. The experiment cannot last, and already there are signs of disintegration.

The army in the West has demanded that a truce be signed with Poland; and Lenin, the dictator has yielded. Troops in Siberia are revolting from Soviet rule, and the great middle classes of Russia are beginning to see the fallacy of Soviet principles, the falseness of Soviet promises, and the unfairness of Soviet methods. .

The hope for Russia lies in a return to sanity and a looking to God for forgiveness and guidance. Russia needs not only religion; Russia needs Jesus Christ. While destruction wastes at noonday and terror by night makes people afraid, there are forces at work for righteousness. Not only are Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. repre- sentatives doing what they can to relieve suffering humanity, but evangelical Christians are working in Siberia, in some parts of Rus- sia and on the western borders. There are still about 160,000 Rus- sian prisoners in Germany beside many recent refugees or deserterlil from the Soviet Army. They offer a great opportunity for Christian missionary work. These Russians are ignorant. One of them, hear- ing a missionary mention the "Word of God" asked which God he meant and after being told there was only one God replied: "No, yours is the God of the West. Long live the God .of Lenin who has given the world' golden liberty." His words were greeted with applause. Nevertheless there are 22 Christian churches in Russian camps and Bible classes are conducted in thirty-eight camps in Ger- many. Over five hundred prisoners were baptized in one month and evangelical_Christian workers are being trained among the Russians to work for the conversion of their countrymen. Swedish Christians are also supporting a work in Wernigerde with the help of friends in America. Christian literature is greatly needed and as many Bibles and tracts as are available are being distributed to Russians in Germany and on the borderlands. The Russian Soviet Government is bitterly opposed to Christianity and to all religion. Ex-prisoners

1920J ' EDITORIAL COMMENT

and refug,ees returning to Russia are given Bibles and Testaments to take into Russia. There are now hundreds of thousands of Russian refugees in Germany, 100,000 in Berlin alone, 50% of them being Jews. There are three evangelical Christians working among them. Many Russian evangelicals are ready to undertake missionary work if the necessary support can be provided. The hope for Russia, as for every individual Russian, lies in the acceptance of Jesus Christ as the Way, the Truth and the Life.

NEGLECTED NAVAJO INDIANS W HEN a treaty was signed with the Navajo Indians in 1868, according to which they were placed on a much smaller area than the one they had been occupying, a stipulation was made that the American Government would furnish a schoolhouse and teacher for every thirty-five children. Half a century has passed and figures show over 9000 Navajo children, with less than 2000 in mission and government schools. They are boys and girls of native ability, but 7000 of them have never seen a schoolhouse.

There are in fact more Indian children out of' school now than twenty years ago, because school facilities have not kept pace with the growth of population.

Rev. W. R. Johnston was asked a few years ago to make a survey of the Navajo country, extending from the Grand Canon to Albuquerque, and from San Juan to the Sante Fe Railway, and gather facts in regard to the young men and women who had re- turned from reservation schools to their homes-about 800 in num- ber. He stopped one day at a trading post for luncheon and an Indian woman approached with her blankets around her and her baby on her back. She spoke correct English and it was learned that when a child of six she 'had gone to the Ft. Lewis School in Colorado. She remained nine years, and came home with a, vision of leading her family out of the old pagan life, and sharing with her people some of the advantages she had received. Now she was living in a hogan of one room, with no window, no door, no chairs, a pile of sheepskins for a bed, no knives or forks; and with a second polygamous wife and eight children.

When the educated young Indians lose, their ideals, they des- cend to a plane below that of the pagan Indian, and as one mis- sionary said: "It is easier to elevate the camp Indians than the veneered pa.gans that come back from government schools." The foundation for permanent progress must be laid in the Word of God. In some government schools the missionary is free to teach the Bible; in others, spiritual instruction is barred out. The per- plexing problem of the returned Indian student, of creating self- supporting, independent Christian citizens, can only be solved by'

placing hiIh under adequate Christian instTl,l(,ltion. .

CHRISTIANITY-ORIENTAL AND OCCIDENTAL "Now :i entreat you, Ilrethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to cultivate a spirit of harmony-all of you-and that there be no divisions among you; but rather a perfect union through your having one mind and one judgment. For I have been distinctly informed, my brethren, about you . . . that there are dissensions among you. What I mean is that each of you is a partisan. One man says, "I belong to Paul"; another "I belong to Apollos"; a third, "I belong to Peter"; a fourth, 'I belong to Christ." Is Christ in fragments? I. Corinthiatls 1: 10 to 13. Weymouth's Translation.) T RANSLATED into present day terms a modern missionary might write to fellow Christians: I am informed that there are many denominations among you. I mean that each of you is a sectarian. One says, "I am a Wesleyan" (or Methodist) ; another, "I am a Baptist"; a third, "I am a Calvinist" (or Presbyterian) ; a fourth, "I am a Lutheran"; a fifth, "I am a member of the Church of England (or Episcopalian); another "I am a Chtistian (or a follower of Campbell). Has Christ been divided into sections to make different sects 7 Missionaries and Christian converts in many mission lands have remarked that the effort to establish 'denominational churches in non-Christian lands has caused confusion and dissension. It is easy to understand why modern apostles of Christ should go into all lands and preach the deity of Jesus; the good news of His allsufficient atonement on the cross; the eternal life proved by His resurrection and ascension; His promised return as indicated in the Gospels and the Epistles; the truth of His word and the power of new life in Christ. But why should· they preach world-wide Methodism or the exclusive efficacy of anyone form of baptism, the importance of any particular form of church government or the special validity of any human ordination to the ministry' Surely the essentials of the Gospel are the same today as those proclaimed by Jesus Christ and His apostles-a living faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God, the Saviour Who redeems men by His death on the cross and Who rose from the dead to bring life and immortality to light through the Gospel. The Apostle Paul declared that he was determined to know nothing among the Corinthian's "except Jesus Christ and Him crucified." This basis of unity is not a man made basis, but the divinely revealed basis.

In India, China and other mission fields, the desire for Christian unity is growing, with with it there is an increasing antagonism toward sectarian divisions that seem to have been the product of the Occident. There is a demand for the simple proclamation of the Gospel, with liberty to permit the Christian life to assume Oriental forms. In India, at the recent Bangalore Conference, Mr. P. Chenchiah, an Indian Christian, declared that the slow progress, if not the failure, of the western Christianity to win India to Christl is due to the alien methods adopted by the missionaries.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

He pointed out that Occidental missionary ideals and methods are not understood by Indians. While their moral and religious ideas are far remo'ed from those of Christians, they can appreciate the need for the Incarnation of God in Jesus Christ, the desire for immortality, forgiveness obtained through sacrifice for sin and the requirements for a life devoted to God. The Occidental idea of a fully organized mission, responsible to the home office, with salaried workers and many forms of mission work, is very different from the Hindu idea of a religious devotee who goes about like a sadhu and as Christ and His apostles went about in the first century. The Indian sadhu in his wanderings without purse or luggage, clad in his saffron robe, goes about preaching his religion freely, without organizing churches, without the necessity of making reports and without the backing of an organization. He trusts to the vitality of truth and life to propagate itself. Mr. Chenchiah urged the importance of learning lessons from the Oriental method of promoting religion and said, "In the Christian sadhu the future Indian church will possess a means of establishing a system of evangelism suited to the Orient." The one essential is to introduce the living Christ to men sb that they will see His divine character and mission, and will accept Him as Saviour and Lord. When Chtist lives in men He can be trusted to develop the type of life and organization best adapted to the individual needs. Then too, Christian unity will be assured, without uniformity and without discordant sectarianism. Those who are truly united to Christ cannot be far separated from one another.

SHALL WE DRIFT OR STEER ¥ A RE Christian church leaders. becoming indifferent to the essential tenets of Christianity 1 The tendency to "broadness" as an expression of charity among theologians, and the passion for social service as an expression of brotherly love among laymen combine to lessen or entirely destroy the sense of the importance of faith' as a foundation for Christian character, and a dynamic for truly sacrificial service.

We know from practical experience, as well as from philosophical theory, that what a man believes has a very vital relation to his ideals and his acts. This is true even in 'Such temporal matters as the purchase or erection of a house, the making of a contract, the support of a political candidate, the advocacy .of temperance and sociv.l purity or the bringing up of a family. Evidently then, the ele- ments of a man's faith must be of :first importance in the formation of his character and the frilit of his service.

What are some of the New Testament 'Statements concerning what a Christian should believe in regard to Christ?

I "This Is the work of God that ye believe on Him whom He hath sent." John 6: 29.

"He that believeth on the Son hath eternal life; but he that obeyeth not the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abideth on him." John 3: 36.

"Dost thou believe on the Son of God? * * * He 'it is that speaketh with. thee"

Jno. 9 :35 to 37.

See also-Matt. 16 :16; 17; 26 :63, 64; John 20 :27-29 Similar words of Christ and His apostles might be quoted to show the necessity of faith in the Atonement, the bodily resurrection of Jesus and of the spiritual rebirth. And yet when we notice the tend- encie'S of the day, the question arises, are we drifting into unbelief, or are we steering knowingly into skepticism 7 Not only are men and women in Christian Association work accepted as Bible class leaders and executives without reference to their Christian faith, but the Young Women's Christian Association has deliberately opened the doors of its active membership to those who do not believe the New Testament teachings. More than one New England church, including the original Church of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, so let down the bars and received mf,mbers who do not believe in the deity of Christ that these churche'S have finally become Unitarian, and evangelical members have been obliged to withdraw and form another congrega~ tion.

Not only are very many of our colleges propagating disbelief in the teachings of Christ and His Spirit filled apostles, but theological seminaries are harboring professors who spread doubt aud unbelief. A pamphlet recently published in connection with an investigation of 'Some of the seminaries gives the following facts: One seminary professor writes: "There is one crowning absurdity of theology that even human law never suggested, namely, that the pE'nalty of an evil deed can be vicariously borne by another, while the sinner goes scot free." Compare the teachings of the New Testament that Christ" bare our sins in His own Body on the tree, that we, being dead to -sin should live unto righteousness; by whose stripes we are healed."

MI'. Ernest D. Gordon in The Record of Christian W ol'k also notes the fact that Andover Theological Seminary, founded as evangelical, is now affiliated with Harvard which is Unitarian. Chicago Theological SE'minary has rE'cently hlkE'n into its faculty the professors of the Unitarian Seminarv in Meadville, whose summer ses- 'Sions are held in Chicago. Newt~n Seminary (Baptist) is affiliated with Harvard, and four of its students are taking postgraduate courses in Harvard Diyinity Sellonl (Unitl'1ril'111). Is it l'1l1' wonder that the stream of faith i~ Iwcnnling impurr' when it is pollutf'd at its source? Wllat ran be expected of true Christian beliE'f from those in the pew when unbelief is voicE'd from the pulpiO It is also significant to note that many of these non-Christian seminaries are dying. Harvard has some 5000 or more students,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

but its Divinity School numbers only twenty-six, while in the actual classes of undergraduates, the seniors number one, the middle cla'Ss one, and the juniors six. The professors number twelve. Andover Seminary has seventeen students and eight members of the faculty. Chicago University Theological Department ha'S 300 students, but only a fraction of them are studying for the ministry.

It is not to be wondered at also that practically none of the stu- dents from these "advanced" seminaries go into home or foreign mission work. Some become writers, othf)rs teachers, other pastors of city or 'Suburban churches, and some social settlement workers. The self-sacrificing work of the missionary does not appeal to them, and they are not equipped for work that requires spiritual power. Most of the missionaries that are spreading vital Christianity come ,from ,our smaller denominational colleges and evangelical seminaries. The Northern Baptists at their recent Convention in Buffalo Wisely appointed a committee to inve'Stigate its theological seminaries. The Methodists recently made strenuous objection to the destructive teachings in their own Sunday-school literature. Other denomina-' tions that desire to safeguard the purity and power of the Christian Church might wisely follow the Baptist example, and purify the fountain heads of teaching in denominational schools, seminaries and periodicals. "This is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith"-faith in the Son of God "who loved me and gave Himself for me."

THE UNITED STATES IN HAITI A LTHOUGH some of the newspaper reports of the killing of the natives in Haiti by United States marines may have been exag- gerated, there is enough truth in the accusations to bring a blush of shame to American Christians. The United States Govern- ment undertook to occupy the Black Republic in 1915, in order to es- tablish order, and improve financial, political, sanitary and social con- ditions. American marines, placed over native gendarmerie, have carried on such a ru~hless campaign against the Haitians who resisted their authority that many natives have been killed. According to reports, many of these have been innocent of any wrong doing, and were given no opportunity to defend themselves before a court. No material benefits of American .control can make up for unjust and in- .human' treatment" and there is a growing antagonism toward the trnited States in Haiti. '

Another cause for shame on the part of American Christians is that Haiti is almost entirely neglected as a field for Christian activity.

The people are ignorant, and live on a low moral scale. Unfortu- nately, the treatment received from American marines does not pre- dispose the people of Haiti to welcome American missionaries.

DANCERS AT A RELIGIOUS

One of the Dancers, with a stuffed monkey is masked to represent the devil. All are possessed with evil in these dances 960

Indians of Latin America*

BY GEORGE M. McBRIDE, NEW YORK O·~:,,-,-.– I. 'THE HIGHLAND INDIANS OF THE ANDEAN REPUBLICS NE of the greatest problems before the reopublics of the Andes is the question of their Indian population. It is also one of the gravest. Scarcely any other matter elicits such a general interest among the leaders of government and education. "El problema del Indio" is a phrase that always brings thoughtful men to attention, whether in legislative halls, in educational conferences, in economic discussions, or in military plans. A recent number of the bulletin issued by the La Paz (Bolivia) Geographical Society was devoted entirely to the Indian. Two of the most popular books issued from the Bolivian press in recent years are "La Raza de Bronce" by Alcides Arguedas, and "La Educacion del Indio" by Alfredo Guillen Pinto.

The aboriginal races of these republics form the predominating element in the population. In Bolivia 50% of the inhabitants are classed as of pure Indian blood, while 27% are of mixed race with the Indian characteristics predominating. (Census of 1900).- In Peru, out of a total population of 4,500,000, the Indians number about 2,500,000, or over 55%. In Ecu,:tdor there are practically no persons of pure Spanish blood and the pure Indians are estimated at about 1,600,000. In Colombia, according to the "Encyclopedia of Latin America," from 40 to 45 per cent 'of the population (5,071,101) is of pure Indian blood. These four countries then show as an average about 52 per cent of fnll-blooded Indians in their population and contain in the aggregate nearly 7,500,000 Indians.

While part of this Indian population belongs to the uncivilized tribes of the Orinoco, Amazon and La Plata lowlands, the majority, (probably some 53 per cent), l~ve on the plateau, from 6,000 to 14,000 feet above s.ea level. These tribes are by no means savages, for they belong chiefly to the peoples, who, before the advent of Europeans, had developed their own specialized culture, equal in many respects to the civilization of Europe and Asia at that time.

Chief among them in numbers are those of Quechua speech.

These are not all of the same .ethnic divisions but came under the • A Paper Prepared for the Committee on Co-operation in Latin America, November, 1919.

961

sway of the Inca Empire and retain as their present language, the lengua general of that empire. They are estimated to number about 3,000,000 and cover almost the entire Peruvian highlands, the southern half of the Bolivian plateau and all of the uplands of Ecuador. Next in importance come the Aymaras who number about 500,000 and occupy the region known as Collasuyo in Inca times, the territory about Lake Titicaca, and eastward on the higher slopes of the Cordillera Real of Northern Bolivia. Lastly there are some 500,000 descendants of the Chibchas' and other civilized tribes in Colombia. The total number of these different tribes is probably about four million.

There is no need to describe the admirable features that characterized the Inca Empire, which extended over almost all of the upland territory embraced in the three republics of Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, nor the inferior but still advanced culture of the Chibchas in Colombia. Prescott, in his "Conquest of Peru," Sir Clements Markham, in "The Incas of Peru," and Thomas A. Joyce, in "South American Archaeology," considered these people worthy subjects for their masterly sketches. The Indians of those celebrated days were by no means exterminated by the Spanish. They survive, probably in reduced numBers and certainly under great oppression, but still capable of the achievements that distinguished their ancestors. Among the humble peons on the Andean farms; and particularly among the still existing independent communities that occupy the more isolated sections of the plateau, there live many worthy sons of once distinguished families. Though submerged beneath the surface of the present social and political life, though deprived of almost every opportunity for economic, intellectual or spiritual advancement, thes(> rugged mountain people preserve many of the physical, mental and moral qualities wh~ch in centuries past made them dominate the destinies of the entire continent. This is peculiarly true of the Aymara and the Quechua tribes, the most numerous as well as the most promising of these Indians. Overcome by the deceit and savagery of the Spaniard, the highland Indian has proven himself stronger than his conqueror. Of rugged physical constitution, quiet but masterful in his manner, moral above many of the Christian peoples of the world, this hardy mountaineer, lover of the solitude, has forced his masters to conform to his ways, has obliged the race of conquerors to learn his language in order to converse with him, and, though peaceably inclined when undisturbed, has taught the whites to recognize his customs, to respect his property, and to live in' an ill-concealed fear of the day when the "India" shall revolt. No step that affects the Indian is taken in these countries, either by the individual owner of estates or by the government itself without tlrst weighing its probable reception by the aborigines. Though Ull-

1920J 'rHE INDIANS 01" LATIN AMERICA

schooled, disfranchised and outcast, the Indian of the highlands is in a very real sense master in his own house.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INDIANS At the present time the highland Indian furnishes the only supply of labor, skilled and unskilled, in country and city alike. No field is tilled but by his hand, no harvest is reaped but with his sickle. He moulds every sun-dried brick, he dresses each stone that goes to build hovel or palace. He mines the ore, builds roads and railroads, constructs the bridges, herds the flocks of sheep, llamas and alpacas. With his droves of llamas and donkeys he transports much of the merchandise, since only a few miles of rail- road exist and there are few navigable waters on the upland. He even collects the fuel, cooks the food, carries water and performs all other domestic service. With the advent of modern industries he is learning to make matches, to brew beer and to manufacture shoes.

The highland Indians are primarily agriculturists. The other work they do is merely incidental. In Bolivia 564,009 of the total population is classed as agricultural, while 399,037 are engaged in "general industries" and only 12,625 in mining. InPern, Ecuador and Colombia the proportion of agriculturists is probably somewhat higher. While many Indians in these countries are held as virtual serfs on the large estates, great numbers are entirely free, living on their independent communities; some 67 per cent of the aborigines of the Bolivian highlands and over 50 per cent of those in Perno They hold land in common, as in Inca and pre-Inca days, annually allotting a specified extent of tillable' soil to each member. The flocks are herded on a common pasture. Even the government of these commUllities is left largely in the hands of the Indians. The authority of the government is exerted only in collecting'taxes and curbin~ serious disorders when necessary. These free communities are most numerous in the isolated valleys and remote corners of the plateau, where whites seldom travel. Many of the inhabitants of these districts rarely see a white man and live the simple life of a mountain agricultural people, much as they did before the occupation of their land by Europeans. In such regions the influence of the Church is far less felt than in districts where whites have settled.

Another consideration of significance for the future of these highland republics is that the Indian is acclimated to these great altitudes. Where foreigner or native-born sons of Europeans succumb to the deadly soroche, or mountain sickness, the Indian, with his enormous lung capacity and vigorous heart action, seems thoroughly at home. It is doubtful if the mineral wealth of these mountains can ever be developed with any but Indian labor. Im-

migration can never be depended upon to greatly increase the population of the working class. The industrial future of the Andean republics lies with their aboriginal people.

THE NEED OF THE INDIANS _ Yet these Indians are neither educated nor Ohristianized. For four centuries they have lived side by side with Europeans, yet the vast majority of them can neither read nor write, speak no language but their own, are familiar with only a few empty symbols of Christianity, and worship, as of old, the spirits that, to their simple fancy, inhabit fields, rocks and mountain peaks. "The most needy and uncared for" is how Dr. Robert E. Speer characterizes these Quechuas and Aymaras, though he testifies that they are "more hopeful than our North American Indians."

No statistics are available as to illiteracy among these highland people. However, 850/0 of the popUlation of Bolivia are completely without education, and it is likely that not more than one out of every thousand of the Indians in that republic is literate. Oonditions in Peru are little better, while in Ecuador and Oolombia they are probably worse. It is doubtful if 4,000 persons in all, among these highland Indians, could be found who can read and write.

As to religion they are still pagan at.heart. Most of them are baptized with Christian names, are married by the Roman Catholic Church and a few have Christian burial rites. Churches stand in the towns and on many farms; there are often chapels in their communities, but the average Indian sees a priest but once or twice a year, usually on occasion of the principal religious feast day. Otherwise the Indians' Christianity consists mostly of the celebration of pagan festivals with Christian names, in pagan fashion, in front of or inside a house of worship, in which Roman Catholic saints and pagan spirits are perhaps equally prominent in the minds of the participants. At the little shrine (called Calvario) that stands on a high peak overlooking the city of La Paz, (Bolivia), the Indians may often be seen with their cups of incense, kneeling with their backs to the Christian symbols of the crucifix and the Virgin's picture, as they face the wide valley below and mutter phrases in neither Spanish nor Latin, but in their deep, gutteral Aymara.

In the celebration of religious observances, the Indian finds his deepest degradation. For months at a time he works industriously in his tiny fields, assists his still more industrious wife abollt her household duties, plays with his red-cheeked, chubby children about his humble doorway, or tenderly cares for his domestic animals. He warms the new-born lamb in h;<; bosom, adorns his pet llamas with fancy bits of colored wool or carries the load of a tired donkey on his own back. All this time he thriftily hoards his paltry earn-

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF THE; SITUATION IN PE;RUVIAN CInES Ignorant and poor Inca Indians and a great Roman Catholic Cathedral

ings and lives a sober, quiet life among the members of his clan. Then comes the feast day. The best woven homespun clothesbright with variegated colors-are brought out for all the family. The father dons his festive garb of feather head-dress, tiger skin and hideous mask, and takes his shrill reed pipe or native drum down from the low rafters that support his roof of thatch. On foot the family sets out at grey dawn, through the biting cold of the high plateau, the older children trotting besides their parents, the baby upon the mother's back. For hours they trudge toward the nearest church. There are gathered friends and kin from all the neighborhood. There too are found the half-breed venders of chicha (a native fermented drink) and alcohol, while candles, incense and other necessities for the festival may also be bought. Groups of acquaintances form about the booths where liquor is being sold and the Indians begin their Christian fh}sta. To the music of pipe and drum they dance their ancient pagan dances, before, around and into the church enclosure. At times even before the altar they continue this bachanal. Each brief interval of rest is marked by generous draughts of intoxicating liquor, when the Indian, before he touches the beverage to his lips; carefully spills over a few drops as a libation to mother earth, (Pachamama in his native tongue), as his ancestors have done from time immemorial. For several days and nights a ceaseless round of alternating dance and drink is continued untll men and women alike, the latter sometimes with their babes still slung upon their backs, fall in drunken stupor upon the ground. Occasional fights occur as enemies meet or differences arise among intoxicated friends. Early, if possible, during this celebration the Roman Catholic priest arrives and goes through the form of mass. Then he collects his fees of silver, grain, poultry or sheep, and off he rides to other celebrations at the neighhoring center. The supply of alcohol exhausted, or the pow·er to purehaseit, the Indians slowly recover from their carousal and wander sadly home again to live the life of pagan peasants. Such is the form of religion that prevails among the aboriginal inhabit- ants of these highland republics.

Paganism is more frequently in evidence. Each crest along the mountain road is mar~ed by heaps of stones, where every pass erby should build a miniature house for some occult purpose of spirit worship. At dangerous places, where overhanging rocks threaten the traveler, the Indians who pass make offerings of coca to the spirits who inhabit the hills. When an animal is killed for its meat they catch the blood and dash it upon the end of their low abode houses, under the thatched gable, explaining their action to any inquisitive stranger by a shrug of the shoulders and the single word, "costumbre," (it is the custom). It would appear to be a survival of some ancient observance in spirit worship. When cross-

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

ing a stream they call repeatedly the names of any children who may be in the company for fear, as they say, that the spirits of these little ones may not dare to pass over and so some harm should befall them. These, the common things of an Indian's life, attest the religion which holds most conspicuous place in his heart. In spite of the veneer which four centuries of priestly instruction have given him, the Indian of the plateau is still a pagan.

EFFORTS TO U PLH'T THE INDIANS This is the Indian problem that confronts the Andean republics. Its solution is one of the prime matters that concern their governments. The history of efforts made in behalf of the Indian is quickly told. Guillen in his "La Education del Indio" (La Paz, 1919), recounts the little that has been done in Bolivia. It is typical of the other lands. In 1826 a dozen free scholarships for Indians were offered in one of the seminaries of the church. Result apparently nil. In 1905, after.a lapse of three quarters of a century, another attempt was made. This time "Profesores ambulantes" were appointed, educational circuit riders we would call them, to conduct classes in the districts where Indian population was densest, giving a few weeks at a time to each district. It was impossible to find competent teachers who would undergo the inconveniences and hardships entailed. The plan was dropped. Six years later a normal school was established in the capital, to train teachers for such work, but found it impossible to secure candidates. It has now been moved to a rural district and efforts are being made to secure pure-blooded Indians who will take the training required for work among their own people. But so far little success has been met, for the Indian looks with suspicious eye upon the work of his white master, fearing that it is only a scheme to add an additional burden to his already oppressed race. Better success has been met within the army where some attempt is being made to give elementary instruction to illiterates. But most of the Indians, not enjoying the privileges of citizenship, are not obliged to take the military service, so this effort is not far-reachng.

Another effort made by the government was the offer of a pecuniary award to anyone who would teach an Indian to read and write. For some years this offer has stood, the government holding itself ready to pay Bs. 20.00 ($8.00) per head for any Indian so taught. To this there has been little response, as it has been considered beneath the dignity of a professor to stoop to this means of augmenting his income. About the only ones to take advantage of the offer have been some of the missionaries who found that this money would help support classes that they had opened for Indians in connection with their church work.

Protestant missions likewise have not done much to alleviate

the condition of the Indians. In Ecuador nothing has been attempted save sporadic efforts of independent missionaries, whose results as yet are extremely meager. In Colombia no special work has been undertaken for the Indian, and the churches and schools for whites usually fail to reach him. In Peru British missions have made a beginning, as have also the Adventists. In Cuzco the nurses of the South American Evangelical Union serve Indians as well as whites, and the magnificent Urco farm, acquired some years ago, is beginning to have a slight influence upon the peons that belong on it, though so far its influence has been chiefly with the neighboring whites. The most outstanding mission, distinctly for the Peruvian Indian, is that of the Adventists near Puno on Lake Titicaca. Here nursing was the foundation upon which the work' was built, but this was accompanied by strong evangelistic efforts, and by educational work. It has been very successful, due in part to the close sympathy shown by the American missionaries for the Indians and 'in part to their having found, in the person of a pure Aymara Indian, a real apostle to his people.

In Bolivia some efforts are being made to evangelize and educate the Indian. On the shores of Lake Titicaca the independent Peniel Hall Society has bought a farm with its some 275 Indian serfs. A school house was built with funds raised locally. Classes for boys have been held, but great difficulty has been experienced in the matter of handling the Indians and meeting the opposition of certain white neighbors who prefer to keep the Indian ignorant so that they can exploit him. The work has suffered greatly, too, by the frequent changes in its local board of trustees. A strong permanent control is needed to give stability to the work. It is greatly to be d'esired that this attempt to educate and evangelize the Indian should succeed. Funds for its establishment were left by Mr. Chiriotto, an Italian-American who bequeathed his small fortune to the Society. His pious purposes should be carried out. The farm and mission is well situated, not too distant from the center of civilized life but in the midst of a dense population of Aymara Indians who are needy in the extreme and very promising in character. This mission with its funds of some $32,000, about half of which has been invested in the farm, will probably never succeed as it should unless affiliated with some strong Mission Board.

Among the Quechuas of southern Bolivia, in the Department of Potosi, work has been carried on for some ten years by the Bolivian Indian Mission, a British society. This organization has a group of ten to twelve missionaries, mostly from New Zealand, who have several small stations with evangelistic, educational and medical features. Though their funds are very limited, they have made a promising beginning in a very needy field.

In addition to these undertakings there are classes for Indians

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

A PROTESTANT MISSION SCHOOL FOR INCA INDIANS IN PERU and religious services for Indians conducted in connection with several of the churches in La Paz and Oruro. Otherwise nothing has been done by Protestant missions in any of these Andean republics.

The Indian is often eager for instruction, can he but feel that there is not an ulterior motive in the plans proposed for his uplift. The few schools that have been opened by government and missionary agencies find a satisfactory response. Many of the Indians realize that a new situation confronts their race as the economic development of the plateau advances. They see that the coming of railroads, the opening of mines and the development of commerce have wrought changes within the last few decades that far exceed the accumulated influence of preceding centuries. They realize that the aboriginal race must be prepared to meet a new condition. Not infrequently a request is sent to the government for t.he opening of a. school in some free Indian community. One such petition was accompanied by an offer to meet all expenses to build and equip a schoolhouse, and to pay the salary of the teacher. Moreover, parents are seeking to secure for their children the advantages of the city schools. One old Indian, animated by such a desire, appeared at the La Paz American Institute, in his homespun clothes, with hide sandals on his feet, and a variegated poncho over his shoulders. He came into the school grounds, carrying his boy's trunk on his back. On being presented to the principal he dropped to his knees and kissed the extended hand, begging to have his son received as a pupil. The boy was enrolled and within two years, though competing with white Bolivians and foreigners of

several nationalities, he had outclassed many of his fellows and teceived the highest awards in English. Each quarter the father kept his promise to come and pay the tuition, usually bringing as a gift for the head of the school, a basket of eggs carefully packed in a home made basket. While such examples are rare they mark the awakening of the Indians to the need of an education.

In spite of the great neglect and apparent indifference of the respective governments towards the uplift of the Indian, any effort made to assist in the task will meet with the approval and support of many of the most influential men of the countries. These leaders :r:ealize that, at present, the illiterate aborigine, with his prjmitive ideas and his antiquated ways of life, is a perpetual drag to the progress of the republics. Forming such a preponderate portion of the population lind providing the only available labor supply for agricultural and industrial development, the Indian, they see, must be prepared for the part he will inevitably play in the nation's advance. He must be made an integral part of the republic. This cannot be done without a certain degree of education. Realizing this, leaders of political affairs are keen to take advantage of any assistance which they can secure from outside agencies.

In Peru both the American Adventists and the British Mission at Cuzco have met cordial support. When fanatical opponents began a persecution of the former and their Indian converts near Puno, the matter was quickly taken up at Lima and this incident furnished the occasion for the enactment of a law providing com~ plete religious toleration in Peru, which up to that time had stood out stubbornly against this liberal measure.

In Bolivia ev~ry effort to help the Indian has received the cordial encouragement of the authorities. Both at the Peniel Hall farm and at the stations maintained by the Bolivian Indian Mission, government help has been received. When the former was established the Bolivian Minister in Washington wrote his congratulation, sent a liberal contribution to help the work, and urged his friends to do the same. The second Vice-President of Bolivia, in speaking to a missionary who was returning to the United States, urged him, "Tell your people in North America that we shall be glad to have them come to our country. ,Tell them to come in colonies and settle here. Have them bring their Protestant pastors with them that our Indians may learn from them what the true gospel really is, for that our priests have never taught them."

A PROPOSED PROGRAM In view of the great need; in view of the splendid promise; in view of the urgent desire of many Indians for an education; jn view of the often expressed encouragement from the government authorities of these countries; a widely extended work should be under-

19201 THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

taken among these submerged races of the highlands. Any program of operation for instruction and evangelization should be adapted to the peculiar needs of the Indian. He must be helped, largely right at home. Hence many stations will be required. The program should include particularly the following features: evangeliz~tion, primary education, agricultural instruction, industrial training and medical work, especially nursing. It should provide for a few well equipped central stations, located in the centers of densest aboriginal population, with a number of branch stations that will reach the Indians who live in scattered communities. The central stations should have boarding departments for both boys and girls, developed on a self-help basis.

Beginning from the Soutli, the following program is suggested. BOLIVIA-A strong central station in the southern part of the country for the Quechua-speaking Indians there. Probably the best location for climate, possibilities of agriculture, accessible population, etc., would be in the province of Charcas, Department of Potosi, where the independent Bolivian Indian Mission (British) has already opened several stations. If another district is preferred the neighborhood of Tupiza would probably be found suitable. Another such institution should be located in northern Bolivia, in the Aymara region about Lake Titicaca. Here is the densest Indian population in Bolivia, the province of Omasuyos showing about 100 persons per square mile, almost entirely rural. (An ideal location for this mission would be the Island of the Sun in Lake Titicaca. It is centrally located, near the point where steamer rout~ and land road cross at the strait of Tiquina. It has been from time immemorial a sacred spot among all the Indians of the Titicaca basin. It contains some 800 Indian inhabitants who would form the nucleus of the work. It is a strategic and charming spot, one of the most desirable for its situation and character of any point in the whole continent. It consists of two large farms with apparently clear titles and should cost somewhere about $200,000. If not possible to buy the entire Island, a site could probably be purchased there. Both owners belong to distinguished liberal families, who would be in sympathy with the work of uplifting the Indian.) PERu-One would naturally think first of the Cuzco valley as the point where a central station should be established. Here already flourishes the mission maintained by the Evangelical Union of South America, but there is a large popUlation of pure Indians in that and the neighboring valleys. Another important center: of pure Indian settlement is the province of Huaras, where the densest population in the republic is found.

ECUADOR-In Ecuador a central station should be opened at Ambato, Rio Bamba, or some neighboring point, or at Cuenca, in all of which places there is a large Indian population to draw from.

The last named place, though not yet connected by rail with the' coast, has ·an important commerce. It has some 30,000 inhabitants, mostly of Indian blood. Ambato is the seat of an annual fair to which Indians and others come from all the surrounding districts. During those gatherings its population is probably doubled. This circumstance would afford an excellent opportunity to make known the work of the institution located there and to disseminate the Gospel. – COLOMBIA-The need for separate Indian institutions is less in the Colombian highlands than in the other republics, for its aboriginal population has learned Spanish to a greater extent and mixed with the other elements of the country more than elsewhere. The department of Boyaca offers the best location for a central Indian mission. Here the population is dense and composed chiefly of full-blooded Indians. There are no large cities but many small Indian towns. Only 3 per cent of the population is said to attend school. Probably the neighborhood of Tunja or Chiquinquira would be most suitable.

Besides these strong central stations there should be established in each of these four republics from four to ten branch stations, manned with one American couple, and one or two native helpers. These small stations are necessary because the centers of Indian population are greatly scattered, and means of communication are badly lacking. A small equipment only would be necessary. A few acres of gronnd, a residence and a school house which conld be nsed also as chapel, would constitute most of the outfit required. Each should be provided with a dispensary, and should give simple, practical instruction in agriculture and perhaps something in the way of industrial training. In all probability many of these secondary stations would soon develop sufficiently to have added to them a boarding department and the other features characterizing the central stations. The estimated cost of each central station would be about $48,000 and $5,000 for each branch station. The program would require, in addition to the present workers, a force of three missionary families and four native workers in each central station; and one missionary family and one native worker for each branch station. The total estimated cost for two and one-half years (including property) would be $853,440.

In addition to the above program there is one feature that might be added with very great advantage, if properly developed. In every one of these Andean republics, with their great variety of climatic and soil conditions and the consequent diversity in production, there exists a system of markets and fairs which dates ftomtime immemorial. The markets are weekly or bi-weekly, the fairs are generally annuaL On these occasions people, particularly the Indians, gather from far and near, bringing their

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

produce. to sell or coming to buy the products of regions different from their own. At these gatherings one can find inhabitants of widely separated districts, many of whom leave their native regions only on such bccasions. Bible colporteurs have already taken ad- vantage of these fairs to disseminate the Word, but as most of the participants are illiterate,. the written page offers little attraction for them. But if a system of evangelistic meetings and conferences could be organized, intended particularly to take advantage of these gatherings, it should be possible. to reach many thousands who other- wise would never hear the Gospel.

Statistics are not available as to the number of people who attend these markets and fairs, but it is safe to say that scarcely an Indian family, certainly not an Indian community, exists upon the plateau that does not frequently send a representative. To com- pletely carry out such a scheme would require the services of a number of trained workers, not necessarily preachers, who can use the Indian language fluently. They would be itinerant evangelists.

As all of the white and mestizo inhabitants speak the Indian lang- uages, workers recruited from these classes could be utilized. But Indians, as soon as they are available, would be better able to reach their own people, since they command greater ·confidence and can penetrate into the intimate life of the Indian people as no white man or mestizo can do. – (To be concluded) GOD CARES DO WE f F ORGET not that your first and principal business as a disciple of Christ is to give the Gospel to those who have it not. He who is not a missionary Christian will be a missin9 Christian when the great day comes of bestowing the rewards of service.

Therefore, ask yourselves daily what the Lord would have _ you do in connection with the work of carrying the news of sale — vation to the perishing millions. Search carefully whether He would have you go yourself to the heathen, if you have the youth and fitness required for the work.

Or, if you cannot go in person, inquire diligently what blood mortgage there is UPQn your property in the interest of Foreign Missions, how much you owe to the heathen because of what you owe to Christ for redeeming you with His pre-'· cious blood.

I warn you that it will go hard with you when the Lord comes to reckon with you, if He finds your wealth hoarded up in needless accumulations instead of being sacredly devoted to giving the Gospel to the lost. A. J. GORDON.

Brother on the

The Story of Dan Schultz, the Labor Evangelist, in Wyoming "8 BY REV. COE HAYNE, NEW YORK AY, boy, I'll give you just twenty-four hours in this hole. It's too tough for you." The young Baptist preacher, to whom the clerk in the little dingy western hotel directed his remarks, laughed.

"That's not answering my question," he said. "I want to know if there are any churches in town."

"Churches! Homesick already?" "Not exactly," replied the sky pilot. "I have been sent here by the Home Mission Society to hold some meetings, and I want to know what has been done here in a religious way." "I've been living here eleven years, stranger, and I've never heard of any preaching in this town unless it was by some pilgrim who tried to do a littie persuadin' on the side to get enough money to leave town." Dan Schultz ignored the slur on his profession. He had come to G-, Wyoming, to hold gospel meetings, and while he was new to the West he had no extreme notions as to the sort of reception a minister should expect from the inhabitants of a lawless frontier town. "Have you a town hall?" he inquired. "You'll get the town hall!" The clerk laughed with amuse- ment. "See the mayor. He runs this hotel. You'll find him in the bar-room."

Mr. Schultz went into the saloon, which the mayor of the town operated in connection with a house of ill-fame. The mayor's bartender was the town marshal. The pair were the real leaders in G-. The young evangelist was greeted with a torrent of profanity when he made known his desires to the mayor, but met the abuse in courteous silence.

"Hold meetings Sunday night, eh ~ Gospel meetings!" The mayor continued to curse the preacher. "We're holding a dance in the town hall tomorrow night."

Suddenly a cowboy turned away from a gambling table and shook his fist in the face of the proprietor. . "I'm here to say that a stranger who comes here to do us good 974 gets his .chance as long as he's on the level," he shouted. "And if it comes to a :light, I'm ready."

Encouraged by t11is support from an unexpected quarter Dan Schultz drew a Bible from his pocket and read a short passage; then in a clear, sweet tenor voice, he sang a hymn and spoke a few words concerning his Saviour to the men about the bar and gamb- ling tables. When he had finished he turned to the mayor who had not ceased his cursing.

"This is the kind of stuff I preach, " he said.

The mayor, famous for iniquity, I was a coward at heart. The defi- ance of the cowboy had weakened somewhat his open opposition to the preacher. But there was a shrewd glitter in his eyes as he MR. AND MRS. DAN SCHULTZ compromised concerning a re- ligious meeting in town.

"We are going to have a round-up dance to-morrow night,"

he said, "and I win consent to your having use of the hall the first part of the evening, providing you stay to the dance."

"All right, I'll be there," assured the minister.

He visited twelve saloons that night, inviting the men and the women he found to the Sunday evening service. During the next forenoon he visited every house in the town, making known his business and extending an invitation to all to be present at the meeting in the town hall. When he entered the hall that night he found it packed to the door. After looking over the audience, and shaking hands with men and women, he stepped to the" plat- form and asked if anyone there could play the organ.

"Bell, show him what you can 'do" a man called out banter- ingly.

As a young woman came forward, Mr. Schultz was loath to permit her to take any part in the service, because of her dress.

But after thinking a moment, he decided that Jesus, his Master, would have given her the opportunity, after she had offered her services. She proved to be a competent musician with a good voice and sang two duets with the preacher. Then a cowboy demanded, "Where is My Wandering Boy to-night7" Everything went well with this old favorite until the second verse was reached when the

young accompanist hid her face in her hands and wept. The evan- gelist sang the song to the end without an accompaniment. Then he opened his Bible and began to preach.

After the sermon, the chairs were shoved back to prepare for the dance, which the man of God had promised to attend. But somehow the usual hilarity was lacking. About midnight the mayor came to the evangelist.

"You were out quite late last night," he said, "and no doubt you are tired. I am sorry I invited you to the dance. You may go on back to your room. The boys and girls are not having a good time:" .

"Is the dance over1" asked Schultz.

"No. "

"I promised to stay to the dance, and will stay till it's over."

During an intermission it was announced that gospel meet- ings would be held in the town hall every night that week. The people who were dancing received the information gladly.

. The young woman who had played the organ came to the hall early on Monday evening and told the minister that she would like to have a talk with him. She was dressed modestly, without the usual paint and powder. Seemingly she was a different girl. After telling Mr. Schultz her life story she declared that she was hence- forth going to live a Ohristian life. The preacher prayed for her and she prayed for herself; then both arose from their knees with the understanding that before the meeting began that night, she was to tell her story and her decision to serve Jesus Ohrist.

During that series of meetings many others" ,confessed and forsook their sins and accepted Jesus Ohrist as their Saviour and Lord; were baptized and became earnest members of the church that was organized.

One day as Mr. Schultz was passing a saloon, a fellow yelled from the saloOll: door, "There goes the parson." A cowboy who was riding by took his rope and threw it, just missing the young preacher's head. The following evening. this same cowboy rode into the town hall on his pony through the swinging doors, clat- tered up to the front, turned his pony around and said, j j Parson, excuse me, I just want to see Bill. Oome outside, Bill, r want you."

But the ruse failed to make the parson angry. The enemies of God :were seeking a plausible excuse to drive him out of town,but failed.

At another service, Mr. Schultz entered the building to find on a table, which he used for a pulpit, a glass of beer and a small glass of whiskey, with a note which read, "Parson, help yourself .when you are dry. ,., Underneath the top of the stand were a pint bottle of whiskey and a bottle of beer, and on each window sill there wer!;) empty bottles. The room was decorated, not so much to ad-

MY BROTHER ON THE FRONTIER

DAN SCHULTZ, THE LABOR EVANGELIST HOLDING A NOON·DAY MEETING IN 'fHE WEST.

vertise the saloon as to disturb the parson. During the sermon he did not refer to the saloon, nor the drinking habit. When the service was half over, he turned to a young man in the audience, and smiling in a friendly way said,"I never did like stale beer, won't you please throw this out and get me a glass of fresh wated"

After drinking a few mouthfuls of the water, he thanked the young man and went on with his sermon. If he had denounced the drinking habit, or the saloon, or the gambling business, he would have been run out of town that night. He had prayed for wisdom and received it.

Upon returning to his room, a gang of men ran out of a saloon with revolvers, firing into the sky and someone shouted: "Parson, they are after you!"

The preacher faced the hazers and said with a laugh: "Boys, what's all this about1" "You can go back fellows!" yelled a man on the opposite side of the street. "The parson is all to the good." From that time Dan Schultz had the confidence and respect of even the rougher element of the community. He organized a church which is now one of tbe most wide awake churches in Wyoming. At the first baptism in a pond about eight miles from town, the saloons and business hoU!'es were closed and the town turned out to the service. Several years later Mr. Schultz became a pastor in Pittsburgh. One day he was viewing a parade advertising a ,vild-west show

when one of the riders stopped at the curb and jumped from his pony.

"I'd rather see you than the President of the United States!" said the cowboy, as he grabbed the preacher's hand. "Do you know me~"

"I am afraid 1-" "Why, don't you remember the man who tried to rope you out in G-, Wyoming, some years ago?" "I certainly do. You can't be the man!" "I'm the fellow." The cowboy invited the minister and his family to the show where he introduced Dan Schultz as "the parson who was harder to rop«;l than an outlaw broncho."

Work Among the Woodsmen I N THE lumber camps of Maine there are at work some 35,000 woodsmen. These men generally speaking are a rough lot, but big hearted, wholesome and altogether good to know when you get near enough to them. Men of all nationalities and seemingly of no nationality mingle together, and night by night peacefully' assemble in the several camps, housing from twenty to seventy each. The social whirl of the city or even the country town is altogether unknown to the woodsman's life. There is little or nothing to do but sleep from dark to daylight which composes a large part of the twenty-four hours during the winter months. Sunday is the longest day of all. The camps are not supplied to any extent with reading matter. They receive little or no mail and the walking boss is almost the only visitor who comes their way at all. Their leisure time is spent, therefore, in chewing gum, swapping stories and mending their moccasins.

After a winter of hibernation, it is easy to understand why they feel somewhat in arrears in their social life, and flock to the city as naturally as the birds come north in the spring. They begin to look around for ways of catching up with the procession socially, and seemingly the saloon and its attendant evils is more readily geared up to their desires than is the Church and allied agencies. The men, therefore, have, for the last sixty years in Maine been the objects of prey for every "bootlegger that comes down the pike." Often times one week's celebration is sufficient to squander a man's hard earned wages of six months or even of several years. A man meets the lumber men at the train and treats them to some poor whiskey. They are turned over to the barber who again treats. The clothier and the hotel each follows suit. Meanwhile, the woods

WORK AMONG THE WOODSMEN

man is getting more or less under the influence of the intoxicant and before long he is out of the running altogether. 'fhen his purse is robbed of what it contains. While still unconscious of the performance the woodsman is handed over to the "Employment Agency" which ships him with his mates back to some other woods point, at so much per head, and there they awake to find themselves penniless. Again they take up their toil of felling the denizens of the A TypiCAL SCENE IN A WOODSMEN'S SHACK forest. Of course, this is not always the experience of the men but it has been generally so until the Young Men's Christian Association undertook to remedy the evils. The story is told by Jefferson C. Smith of Waterville.

To relieve such conditions and give the woodsmen a fair chance to recreate the Young Men's Christian Association opened work at Greenville Junction, in 1909. This is one of the chief points of entrance and exit to and from the woods. Many thought that it was a foolish experiment to establish the Association at such a point, and they laughed at the idea of these men patronizing it. The Hollingsworth & Whitney Company, one of the biggest lumber concerns, were however quick to realize the value of the work, and furnished the money for the erection of a building at Greenville Junction. From its inception in 1909 to the present time this building has been overcrowded with patrons of the lumber industry.

Approximately 16,000 men have taken advantage of the sleeping rooms, test rooms, social rooms, game rooms, bowling alleys, restaurant, savings department, hospital and other features. Each department of the work has filled a great need, particularly the restaurant, dormitories, savings department and the hospital. The secretaries have been able to persuade the men to save a large part of their hard earned wages and at the same time have provided good, wholesome amusements in the building and elsewhere that would be helpful and satisfying, at small cost.

There is no other hospital within ninety miles, so that the demands on the Association have been growing and four or five nurses have been employed all the while to care not only for the woodsmen but for their families and others in the immediate vicinity. They have suffered from every kind of an ailment 'from a broken head to a broken heart. The hospital is well supplied with facilities to work with, including an operating room with modern equipment such as an X-ray machine. It has been necessary to erect a separate building, and through the courtesy of Mr. E. L. Dean, one of the chief owners in the Hollingsworth & Whitney Company, sufficient funds have been provided.

The work at Greenville Junction has been so valuable that other lumber companies are ready to establish similar enterprises elsewhere. Plans are under consideration to extend the work very materially throughout that whole section.

The men appreciate all that has been done for them and have shown their appreciation in very substantial ways. They have not abused the privilege of the building. It has been a common occurrence to have several car loads of men come to the building practically all under the influence of strong drink, but, at the suggestion of the secretaries they have conformed to the rules of the house, which will not permit a man to enter the building with intoxicants on his person or in his grips.

THE LUMBER JACKS OF THE NORTH WEST The most famous HSky Pilot of the Lumber Jacks," the late Frank Higgins, spoke as follows of the need of taking the Gospel of Christ to these woodsmen: If a missionary is to do the most effective work he must be, as much as possible, on(> of his people. ' So I did not go on the river in the garb of a preacher, but with corked shoes, woolen shirt and slouch hat. Noone would have taken me for a parson as I tramped oyer the trail. I was no sooner in camp than the men dared me to ride 8. log. I knew I could not do this, but it would never do not to take .a dare like that. I could swim and closed the hole in the river behind me several times that day. There is a difference between Hclosing the hole behind you" and "drawing

AMONG THE WOODSMEN

A MODERN SANITARY LUMBER CAMP WITH MOVABLE HOUS E S IN A GREA'r AMERICAN FOREST the hole in after yOU." To" close the hole behind you" is simply to take a ducking, but to "draw the hole in after you" is not to come back.

One day some men from the camps came to my door asking me to go with them to a homesteader's shack, as one of their number was sick. They had brought him in from the camp and he had been asking for me. I went to his home and found his wife and children in much need of sympathy and help. The doctor told us he must be taken to a hospital for an operation. We placed him in the sleigh, took him to the station, put him on a cot, and I went with him to the hospital in Duluth. After a hurried examination the doctor told me there was no hope for him. I broke the news to him, and after telling me what he wanted to say to his family, he said, "Thank God, Mr. Higgi~s, you came to the camp." "What do you mean," I asked. " After hearing you preach that night," he replied, "I crawled into my brink and pretended I was fixing the blankets, but for the first time in twenty years, I was on my knees asking God to make a better man of me. I am not afraid to die, but before I go I want to ask you to go back to those poor fellows in the camps

and preach to them as you did that night; tell them of Jesus Christ and His· love. You may think they are hard to reach, but they have big· hearts, and as soon as they learn to know you they will trust you."

Look at the field for work among the "lumber jacks" in Minnesota. Start at Duluth and go west over two hundred miles, to the prairie land. Then start from Brainerd and go over two hundred miles north through the great timber belt to the Rainy River on the Canadian boundary. Here in the northeastern part of Minnesota it is estimated that there are more than 20,000 men toiling in the forest. In northern Wisconsin and northern Michigan, where they tell us all the timber is cut, there are in the winter season at least 20,000 more. In western Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon and California, there are from 20,000 to 50,000 in each state. The church has almost entirely overlooked this field in 'the past.

Twenty years ago the men logged by river, that is, they went the up the river far away from civilization, but they were far away also from the temptations of civilization. They were in l woods all winter, and many of them remained to come down on the "drive" in the spring. They were down but a short time when they again returned to their home in the forest. They were then spoken of as the hardy, brave, goodhearted men of the forest. But of late years they log more by rail. When a certain tract of timber is to be cut, a railroad is run through the forest. Long even before the road is finished small towns, consisting of log buildings and tar-papered shacks, spring up, the majority of which are saloons, gambling hells, and other places of sin. In towns of less than 2,000 people in the northern part of Minnesota, before prohibition came, there were 46 saloons, 20 gambling places and 5 large brothels. Twelve miles north in another small town where the stumps yet stood in the streets, there was no church and no schoolhouse, but several saloons. A mile and a half further was another town with 6 saloons; five miles further another town with 15 saloons; and eight miles further still one with 25 more saloons. These towns were all operating on the wide-open policy. Sunday was often their biggest day. Many times when one of these saloons was opened, the mayor, councilmen and county attorney were invited to make speeches; in fact, the opening of a saloon in the community was looked upon as a great event. Upon one occasion when one of the largest saloons and gambling halls in northern Minnesottl was opened, beautifully printed invitations were sent to many ladies of the town to attend in the afternoon. Public sentiment would .allow such things to take place and when some Christians dared to declare war on this wide-open policy, a cry went up that such a reform would ruin the town. Many of the townspeople said it was not the

WORK AMON~ 'tHE

preacher's place to be stirring up such a fuss, and some even refused to support the church any longer. Gradually public opinion turned in our favor, gambling halls were closed, brothels driven out and the federal government has stepped in and closed the saloons. Best of all, public opinion is now aroused and better government is demanded by the people. Thousands of woodsmen rej(jce at the change that has taken place.

One important branch of the. work is furnishing the men with good reading matter. The men appreciate magazines and religious papers. Some cannot read, but the others read to them. Some look at the pictures. Some have even learned to read in camp. Young men who a few years ago were in the ditch, despised by all who knew them, are today helping in the missionary work in the camps, lifting the men to a higher and a nobler life.

The one great difficulty to be overcome in this work is the getting of the right kind of men as missionaries. Theological students and ordained ministers are not always the ones that can do this work. General William Booth of the Salvation Army was once addressing a large audience in London, telling of his plans and how he hoped to have the Army in every country and city and town and village, when one of his hearers called out, "But, General, where will you get your workers 1" "From among those who are converted, " he answered. If God has raised up such wonderful men in the ranks of the Salvation Army, He can raise up men from among the lumberjacks. And He has.

We must not only establish recreation halls and hospitals at the entrance to camps but workers with the love of Ohrist in their hearts must go from town to town, from camp to camp, telling the simple story of the blessed Gospel of the Saviour of men. More workers are needed and more funds that the noble boys of the forest who have been so long neglected may have the Gospel.

Yet Word of God is Word of God In camp or pulpit told, And men of forest and of sad Await the story old.

'Tis time to hew away the sin That now the soul confines, And let a little sunshine in The· Parish of the Pines.

the Gospel to

Americans BY REV. eHAS. A. BROOKS, D. D.

Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society N o HOME Missionary program can claim the ble'Ssing of God, if it ignores the need of millions of foreign-speaking people, from whom the most of the Protestant churche-s in America have steadily retreated and have abandoned t() the forces of unrest and discontent.

One of the encouraging signs of the times .is the awaken- ing of interest in these new Americans and the readiness of Christians to make a fresh survey of needs and opportunities for service among them. The difficulties of the situation de· mand a more vigorous prosecution of the missionary enter- prise, and the investment of life and money upon a greatly enlarged scale. One of the reasons for the renewal of interest in the foreign-speaking people is a frank alarm at the manife-st dangers from our past neglect. This enlightened self-interest may not be the highest motive, but it is not an unworthy one, for America is not safe unless those great truths which his- torically underlie our national structure can be perpetuated and retain their supremacy in our national thinking and conduct.

Our pretensions to a belief in true democracy, which is es- sentially a Christian conception, is arrant hypocrisy unless we extend it to all the people. The foundations of Christian Democ- racy are in character, and demand intelligent moral and spiritual preparedness. .

We have also come to appreciate more truly than ever be- fore the real worth and the genuine devotion of these new .Americans to their adopted country. There is a reaction against foreigners in the mass which ·has been in curious contrast with the most c.ordial appreciation of individuals of foreign birth whose sterling qualities have been demonstrated in countless ways; Notwithstanding all our individual successes and even tri- umphs in Christian missions we have made hardly any impres- sion on the thinking and conduct of the great masses of foreign speaking peoples in America. This failure certainly does not arise out of any inherent weakness in the Gospel, but rather from the program of the Christian Church. Four weaknesses in that program lie upon the surface, although they do not account for everything.

984

INTERPRETING THE GOSPEL TO NEW AMERICANS

First : We have depended upon a leadership which has been inadequately trained. We have committed to men who had only zeal and devotion to coIrimend them, one of the most baffling and perplexing tasks confronting the churches in America. Exceptions. to this only prove the rule. The day has passed when reliance can be placed upon untrained men. The, most thorough-going study must be given to preparation and special training for this leadership.

Second: The importance of an adequate material equipment has been largely ignored in our program for ministering to foreign-speaking groups. We have ignored patent facts and in the interest of a false economy have lost golden opportunities by resorting to the use of rented store rooms or unattractive shacks. I could demonstrate by many concrete instances' that the efficiency and influence, of community centers is usually in proportion to the adequacy of the equipment supplied.

Third: The lack of coordinated effort on the part of different evangelical agencies has been a fruitful source of dis- ,cord and weakness. Why should some dozen evangelical denominations, for instance, be crowded into Chinatown in San Francisco, with the largest investment in property and workers in proportion to population of any mis,sion field on the globe; while Italians, Mexicans, Russians, Portuguese and others in the same city are positively neglected 7 Fourth: One of the greatest weaknesses in our endeavors has been that they have been directed almost solely upon an individual scale rather than with a community outreach. The adequacy of the Christian Gospel to meet the need of the individual and transform the life is acknowledged, but we have not always proceeded as if we believed that this same Gospel is sufficient to transform a community. The missionaries on the foreign field have not failed to appreciate the significance of community life, as well as its influence on individual conduct. They have long recognized that a test of the Gospel triumph was to be sought in home and village social life as well as in the personal religious life of the converts. In America too there is no reason why, with wise leadership and generous planning, a Christian Community Center cannot be a, more powerful social influence than any social settlement that elects to eliminate all religion from its program.

Americanization has be.come in many circles a word to conjure with, but we must 'remember that the deepest needs of the foreign-speaking people are not material but spiritual, even though we may have often first to meet these material needs before we can meet that deeper need. Though the last foreigner should have learned the English ,language, and the last foreign woman should become expert in ,Almerican house-wifery, and

all should become loyal citizens and live up to the .American standard of physical well-being; yet their deepest need would not be met. No man, foreign-speaking or .American born, can live by bread alone. We are but offering a stone in place of the Bread of Life, if for the Gospel of God's saving love and grace, we offer them only an .Americanization program.

Religious liberty, which is the priceless heritage of every true American, may easily degenerate into religious indifference. Weare too often deterred from a, vigorous propaganda of evangelization by an instinctive dislike of being charged with proselyting. The charge was loudly made not long ago in the famous Carnegie Hall meeting held in the interest of Roman Catholic propaganda in France, in which Methodists and Episcopalians, came in for severe condemnation for their intrusion in France. No mention was made of the more than forty thousand proselytes that Catholics claim to have won from Protestantism to Catholicism in America. We dislike religious controversy, but we should not be deterred from a fearless proclamation of the Christian message. We are enjoying blessings today which our forefathers purcha'Sed at a great price. We are the protagonists of those who shall come after us. Here on the free soil of America is being fought out the irrepressible conflict between two irreconcilable conceptions of the Gospel. Father Vaughn is reported to have rejoiced in the ignorance of the peon peasants of Spain who' were rendered immune by their illiteracy and poverty from the dangers of modernism. We have a Gospel to interpret to the millions who come from lands where the Bible has been a closed book to the masses. The civil Jiberties of the world depend upon making the Gospel of 'Christ known to the people.

The Hospel cannot triumph unless it can be made known. We cannot wait for the slow prDcess .of :filling our inadequate mission halls We must take the Gospel out into the open. Street preaching has been carried on with great :success by most of our missionaries and unmeasured good has come from it. I want to enter a plea for the organization, upon an ambitious and dariug scale, of a religious forum where the foremost interpreters of .the Gospel may ha:ve a hearing. In Chicago during the pa'St two years Moving Picture Theaters have been secured for Sunday mornings and multitudes who would not have ventured into a Protestant service have, been eager listeners to the most thorough going presentations of the Gospel.

There should be several well edited and attractive periodicals which, will command the respectful attention of the thoughtful element among new ,A.mericans. The money needed to establish and maintain such periodicals would be a wise and rewarding

investment. We also need a higher quality of tract litera,ture giving a clear and convincing interpretation of such fundamental doctrines as the New Birth, Jesus the Saviour, The Kingdom of God, The Forgiveness of Sins, the Moral Imperatives of Christianity. Man's Relation to God, etc. If the Social Greed of the churches were to be translated into fifty languages it would go far to counteract the current misrepresentations of the a.t-. titude of Christian churches upon industrial and social questions.

We in America must have the wisdom a.nd patience to do the prelimina,ry work which our missionaries on the foreign field have been obliged to do when they have not simply translated the Scriptures, but by infinite pains have 'Sought to interpret the Gospel in comprehensible terms. We have the only Gospel in the world. It is the power of God unto salvation to everyone who believeth, but how shall they believe except we shall be able to interpret the Gospel in the light of their need ~ The situation is full ·of hope and promise, but we are summoned to a new and more daring endeavor to make Jesus Christ understood and loved. We mu'St make for Him the commanding place in our national life which alone will enable us to realize our dreams of brotherhood and peace.

THE FOREIGNER'S APOLOGY By T. A. Daly W'at for you call me "Dago Man," Yo married, Meester? Eh? How long? An' make so bad a face? Twalve year an' no got wan?

Ees no room for Eetalian O! I am sad for yo, my frand,- Eh! Why yo laugh at me? Een deesa bigga place? I sUIwose you are more better dan Excuse, I do not ondrastand; I am so strange, yo see. Da Dago man could be. But pleessa, Meester 'Merican, My "keeds ees no good breed," yo say? Ah, wal, ess mebbe not, I"ask you wait an' see. How long you leeve een deesa land? But dey weel be more good some' day Dan dose yo don'ta got; Eh, thirta-seven year? Ees onlu seexa mont', my frand, An' dey be strong 'Merican, More strong dan yo are, too. Seence I am comin' here. I wish yo geeve me time for try Ees notta many Dago man So skeenny lika you. An' see w'at I can do. So mebbe I gon' be, bimeby, O! please, my friend, no gotta mad! Shak' han' bayfore yo go. So good a J11an like you. Baycause I am so strong, I guess Excusa me! I am sO'sad For speakin' to you so. I gon' do pretty we!, So long I stand to beezaness, But w'y yo call me "Dago man," An' make so bad a face? An' jus' bayhave mysal'. My leeta childron, too, ees strong- Has God got room for Eetalian Een Heesa bigga Place? Eh? Yo no gota none? *. , Indian Ri5ef'Qlion __ STATUTE MiltS redera! Schoat • Non·AeseNation School ~25;m~~~~ ~-~~T • Boardln! School G.OfV • Day School o "'"stonSchca. ContTad • '-huion SchooI,Non·CorrtrKt • SanitOl"lum • InNne Asylum

Needs of American

UNREACHED AMERICAN INDIANS, AS REPORTED AT THEl WALLACE LODGE CONFERENCE '* BY G. E. E. LINDQUIST, ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS Representing the Joint Committee on Indian Missions of the Home Missions Council and Director of the American Indian Survey.

T HE survey of the American Indian field has proceeded along . three lines of research: (1) A study of the mission station and native churchestheir economic, s~cial and spiritual resources; (2) The Indian schools, both Federal and Mission-their educational status and the opportunity presented for a unified religious educational program; (3) A survey of the 147 reservations and other communities where Indians are to be found in any appreciable numbers.

Reports have been received from 110 reservations and communities, 274 churches and mission stations, 126 Government Schools, including non-reservation, boarding, day and tribal, and 16 mission schools. The Indian survey as such is practically two-thirds complete.

In the Survey of 'Unreached Fields forty reservations have been surveyed in eleven states, representing an Indian population of 48,833, divided into 52 tribes and tribal bands. Approximately one-seventh of the entire Indian population of the United States lives on these forty reservations. Reports were also presented covering the non-reservation Indians of California (14,497) and Nevada (3000). The term, "Unreached Fields" includes areas where there are (1) Pagan Indians for whom no provision has been made, either by Protestant or Roman Catholic missionary agencies, and (2) Tribes or portions of tribes partially occupied either by Roman Catholics or Protestants-where the work needs immediate strengthening and where some readjustments as to allocation of responsibility are in order.

The total acreage represented by the 40 reservations is approximately 32,063,729 acres or an area almost equal in size to the New England States. Of this vast area 29,421,564 acres still re- of Coun-err.!de~Lneg c";;~~cilb~f aW~:e!a~~~ tf!:~,. Mfssl~~s l~t~r~n::salh:tde~nv~fla~~e L~~~~ ¥;~ti~~~ N. Y., September 28-29. a conference to consider urgent Indian needs growing out the recent intensive survey cond~cted under the auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. Official representatives of Boards and agencies doing work among the .Indians were in attendance. Three sessIons Were devoted to reports covering different phases of the needs revealed by these surveys, followed by discussion and recommendations as to the allocation of responsibiUty. "the "eed~ the re.rpoflsibilit" and 'the method constituted tile chief points of emphasis In sll the sessions at the conierence.- G. l. li;. I.. 989

main unallotted. It is well to remember here Bishop Whipple's words: "No man becomes civilized until he has something that he can really call his own."

Topography plays an important role. Fifteen of the forty re- servations are mountainous. Rivers and mountain ranges divide the Hoopa Valley reservation in California and the Colville in Washington into distinct districts where it is exceedingly difficult to go from one to the other. The Quileute reservation on the Pacific Coast (Washington) can be reached by boat only. Seven reservations are in the lake region of Minnesota where there is much swampy ground and well nigh inaccessible to travel. On one of these reservations there is not even one mile of road.

There are 10,776 Indian households listed on these 40 reservations, but only 945 families live in organized white communities. This is open country in a very real sense. As yet there is no great movement toward the cities on the part of our first Americans.

Reports on the fluctuation of population for the past ten years are as follows: 16 report an increase due to better knowledge of health and sanitation; 11 report a decrease due to epidemics, removal from reservation and tuberculosis. The influenza epidemic claimed 250 deaths on the San Carlos reservation (Arizona) alone. Eight are" stationary, ,. showing no perceptible population changes, up or down. Poverty is not generally prevalent. However, among the Pai- utes on the Fort McDermott reservation (Nevada) it affects 100% of the population. On twelve reservations the Indians suffer keenly from commercial exploitation, every trader having a special price (always higher) for his Indian customers: On nine reservations the marriage laws are not uniform; five to fifty per cent of the marriages are by law, while a large percentage are by "Indian custom." On the Fort McDermott reservation 5% are by law and 95% by Indian custom. The number of legal divorces are comparatively few, while the number of separations are on the increase. On the whole, however, family relations have undergone a change for the better the past ten years. This is evidenced in the position of women among these Indians. On eleven reservations her position is "now one of equality" and decidedly better compared to 25 years ago-all of which is attributed to Christian influence.

On nine reservations a man's social rating on becoming a Christian is one of increased respect. On five reservations it means practical ostracism and a real sacrifice. Five report no Christians at all and three very. few who have come under the influence of Christianity.

Race prejudice between Indians and whites is a rapidly diminishing factor. In some instances, however, Indian children are not

URGENT NEEDS OF AM,ERICAN INDIANS

permitted to attend public schools (Oalifornia and Nevada). An intereflting side-light is thrown on race prejudice in Arizona where Indians are said to be the aggressors. Often they have no sympathy for "the white man's road." There is the dark back-ground of suspicion created during the "century of dishonor." Institutions which have the most marked influence towards social and material progress are first the Ohurch and second the school, though they stand in juxtaposition on some reservations and of course have very little influence in certain others.

Religious denominationalism is not strong among Indians, and where evident it is usually fostered and nourished by white lea<lers. The Indian knows little about cooperation. He has little conception of organized life aside from his tribal ways of doing things. Social organizations are conspiauous by their absence. Oommunity life finds expression largely through feasts and dances. Some of these are of a religious and ceremonial nature, but most of them are social in their appeal.

Among other harmful practices should be noted the use of peyote, the Indian cocaine; tulapai, a native intoxicant used in the southwest, and gambling. The latter is especially prevalent on 26 reservations. On the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) 95% of the men and 98% of the women indulge-apparently without any restraint. There are 162 schools on these 40 reservations but 3,382 chil- dren of school age are without adequate school facilitie·s. Should we include all the Navajos we must add at least 5000 more. On twelve reservations public schools are not available to Indian children, either because none are within reach, or on account of race prejudice. The percentage of illiteracy shows a decrease the past ten years.

Superstition is fast losing its hold, although on six reservations persecution and ostracism is still visited on those who disregard the old Indian customs. The influence of "medicine men" (which includes the old Indian religions) is decreasing. On one reservation the following legend tells the story-" all died, no new ones. " Let us hope there will be no resurrections. On the Tule River reservation (Oalifornia) the last one quit ten years ago. General enlightenment due to Ohristianity, education of the children, contact with the whites and increased medical knowledge, has served to break the spell of the "medicine chief."

NEED OF TRAINED LEADERSHIP The great need is for a trained native Ohristian leadership. Today there are but few outstanding native leaders. Very little is being done in a constructive way to foster the training of such a leadership. The need is urgent for a central interdenominational

institution for the training of native leaders from all parts of the United States.

In report on "Non-Reservation Indians of California and Unreached Fields of Nevada," presented by M. K. Sniffen, secretary of the Indian Rights Association, who devoted six months to the Indian survey work of the southwest, the following is of special interest: Why are there about Ip,OOOnon-reservation Indians in California 1 In 1851 and 1852, as stated by Congressman John E. Raker at a hearing before the House Committee on Indian Affairs on March 23, 1920, "a duly authorized' United States Commission secured the signature of about 400 California Indian chiefs, the heads of bands or tribes," to eighteen documents purporting to be "a treaty of peace and friendship," by which certain described areas were to be "set apart and forever held for the sole use and occupancy of' said tribes of Indians."

These treaties were submitted to the United States Senate June 7, 1852. They were never ratiiied, but were buried in the secret archives of the Senate until January 18, 1905, when the "injunction of secrecy" was removed by the adoption of a resolution introduced by Senator Bard, at the request of the Indian Rights Association.

According to the summary given by Mr. Raker at the hearing on March 23, 1920, under these treaties the Indians agreed: (a) To cede their rights in lands to the United States Government.

(b) To keep the peace. '

(c) To accept the sovereignty of the United States.

(d) To accept certain reservations, 18 in number, aggregating about 7,- 500,000 acres described in said treaties by metes and bounds, worth at the Government price of $1.25 per acre about $9,500,000.

The Govermnent agreed: (a) To pay the Indians certain wms in goods amounting to about $1,- 800,000. (b) To reserve in perpetuity for the Indians' use and enjoyment different reservations specified in said treaties.

(c) To provide schools and other necessary buildings.

(d) To provide skilled instructors in farming, blacksmithing, and wood- work, supervisors and such assistants as should be found necessary.

Said instruction to be continued as long as found necessary by the President.

The treaties were entered into, were complied with by the Indians; the Government accepted the agreement and accepted the land and disposed of it, and the treaties were in possession of the executive department and could have been returned at any time and could have been approved at any time later if desired, but were not. Both parties proceeded as though the treaties were actually

19201 URGENT NEEDS OF AMERICAN INDIANS

approved, but the Uuited States Government never on its part carried out the terms of the treaties.

Because of this failure. of the Government to ratify the treaties, these Indians were without any land rights that the whites would respect. Estimates of their number vary, but it is believed that in 1850 there were approximately 200,000 Indians in Northern California, and that as a result of ruthlessness, famine and disease about 180,000 of them perished within a period of fifty years.

Following an investigation by Special Agent C. E. Kelsey, whose report was submitted in 1906, Congress has made annual appropriations for the benefit of these particular Indians, from which small tracts of land have been purchased for their benefit; and in other cases they were encouraged to take allotments on the public domain. At the time of my visit to California, officials of the Indian Bureau were making an investigation to ascertain how many of these Indians were yet without land.

Of the 14,497 non-reservation Indians in California 3,653 are reached by Christian missionaries and 10,844 are under no Christian influence. These are scattered over forty counties and divided into three groups: (1) those who have taken allotment on the public domain as homesteaders; (2) those living on small tracts. of land purchased for them (in recent years) by the Government, and (3) those without land, who are living in rude shacks, as squatters, on the corners or rock piles of the various ranches, or any spot where they can locate until told to "move on."

Among the first class, there is an upward tendency in the matter of improving housing conditions, and there is some improvement among the second class. The third class, however, can hardly be expected to make any progress toward permanent home building for obvious reasons. Naturally where housing conditions are poor, health conditions are deplorable. In some localities tuberculosis and trachoma are very prevalent, and in others there is only a trace of the twin plagues. I think I am conservative in estimating that in class 1 (approximately 3,500 Indians) the percentage of trachoma is 10% and tuberculosis 15%. In class 2 (approximately 4000) the percentage of trachoma is 15% and tuberculosis 20%. For class 3 (approximately 6500 Indians) where sanitary conditions are worse, the percentage for both diseases is naturally higher, probably 20% for trachoma and 25% for tuberculosis.

Of the 3000 non-reservation Indians in Nevada, approximately 10% are reached by Christian influence. On the Fort McDermott Reservation, 120 miles from Wimmenucca, there are 323 Indians, but no missionary work has ever been attempted at that lonely outpost of the frontier.

As the Indian, more and more, becomes an economic factor in meeting the demand for labor on the ranches, the railroads and

the other industries, the prejudice now existing is bound to be les- . sened. If these 3000 non-reserva.tjon Indians could be brought under the influence of strong Christian men and women and given an opportunity to develop materially and spiritually, the Indian problem in Nevada would soon be solved.

In presenting" An Adequate Program for the Navajos," Dr.

T. C. Moffett, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Mis- sions, U. S. A., pointed out that this is the largest tribe numerically in the United States (31,500) imd occupies an area equal to the .. size of Pennsylvania. Eight Protestant denominations are at work on 22 stations. The types of work are evangelistic, (camp work), educational (four mission schools) medical (6 hospitals and dis- pensaries). There are 52 white workers and 24 native (some serving part time as interpreters). The great need as voiced by one of the missionaries is "man power and equipment which is woefully lack- ing." It is estimated that there are 7,500 Navajo children of school age without adequate school facilities. – "This is a challenge to Christian America" Dr. Moffett declared. .

"The Present Situation in Oklahoma" was discussed by Miss Edith M. Dabb, Y. W. C. A. Secretary for Indian Schools, and "A -Suggested Community Program for Eastern Oklahoma" by Mr. J.

Hybert Pollard, Director of Religious Work, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas. It was pointed out that such a program must be supplemental to and cooperative with the resident forces; that the work must be a project demonstration method extending over a period of years. In McCurtain county where there are 2,750 I.qdians of the Choctaw tribe the three outstanding needs are health, religious education and recreation.

. "Religious Education in Government Schools" was discussed by Dr. A. P. Wedge of the Elliott Foundation, who emphasized the need of following up the Indian Student Volunteers,-young people in Governme:qt schools who had recently decided for Christian lead- ership in any walk they might. enter. Mr. Pollard gave an encour- aging report from Haskell Institute showing how a unified pro- gram of religious education can be worked out on an inter-denomina- tional basis. The need of the right kind of religious educational lit- erature was instanced by Miss Ethel Cutler.

The most significant feature of the Conference was the Re- port of the Committee on Unreached Fields. Definite allocation of responsibility for the neglected and partially occupied fields was made for the forty reservations already surveyed and for certain non-reservation groups in California and Nevada. It was also voteCl that the survey be carried on to full completion. To insure this the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the Indian Rights Association and Board doing work among the Indians were urged to allocate the workers.

Work of the Roe Indian Institute

BY MISS LEE McCg~E O VER three hundred thousand Inmans in the United States speak fifty-six languages or distinct dialects among the dif- ferent tribes, but one sign is language common to all! Just so there is one outstanding need among the three hundred thousand Indians-namely Chr·istian education. To meet this need the Roe Institute has been established on Wichita, Kansas.

A beautiful sixty-acre site over- looks the city and on it are a clus- ter of cottages and wide-eaved barns. Eleven young Indians en- tered the first year in 1918 repre- senting eight different tribes.

The leader of the Institute, Rev.

Henry Roe Cloud, is a full-blood Winnebago, a product of Santee, Oberlin, Yale University and Au- burn Theological Seminary.

The Institute has a very large aim; to be the central powerhouse that shall electrify and unify the confused tribes with all their di- vers tongues, customs, religions and conditions. Undenomination- al in its teaching, interdenomina- tional in its working, and conduct- ed by the Indians themselves, it appeals to our best American ideals and traditions.

Indian reservations are scatter- HENRY ROE CLOUD edhere and there over our wide land, and each has its government school with secular and indus- trial education for the children; "but," said one of these Indian boys, "white people may get away with it without Christian ·prin- ciples, but we Indians can't. No matter what skill of hand or training of mind, unless I have Christ in my heart I cannot stand."

He meant that tribal ridicule and persecution, with the inborn in- clination to laziness, drink, immorality, drifting and wasteful liv- ing, can only be met by strong, Christian character. So the Roe Institute comes to supplement the teaching of the government school with spiritual knowledge and training. The Bible is given chief place in its broad curriculum.

995

Fairmount College has opened its doors to the students temporarily; Class rooms are separate, but the Roe students have all the privileges of the library, gymnasium, chapel and campus. The white students mingle kindly with the Indians, taking pride in their keenness of intellect, wit and high ambitions, especially their athletic and musical abilities. This contact with the best element of the white race is the young Indian's best means of overcoming his intellectual isolation, of making him feel at home in the new civilization of America.

A BEGINNING-COTTAGE HOMES AT ROE INDIAN INSTITUTJ> The young men's work in the dairy and upon the farm largely supports the school, and the contribution to the country's crop is not insignificant. Each boy is earning his $150 board money, but under the direction of an agricultural specialist, so that he is gaining knowledge as well as wages. Education by doing and religion in daily living are basic principles of this institution which seeks to be to the Indian (What Tuskegee is to the Negro.

Rev. Henry Roe Cloud (adopted son of Dr. and Mrs. Walter C. Roe) is preeminently an example of what religious education will· make of the red man. His story "From the Wigwam to the Pul~ pit," which appeared in the REVIEW for April, 1916, is not merely a literary gem iIi autobiography, but a vivid picture of Christ-life infused in the virile but paganistic Indian of this generation. If the fifty-six tribes scattered over America could all have trained Christian leaders our. long tangled Indian problem would be solved. It is to make these tribal representatives strong characters,able to govern themselves and their people that this school has been founded. The American Nation's debt to the long defrauded race must be paid by giving the Indians a Christian education and opportunities for living a truly Christian life.

the Kurds of

BY BLANCHE WILSON STEAD, HAMADAN, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T EN years ago, when it became impossible to itinerate ex- tensively on account of the disturbances incident to the revolution that made Persia a constitutional monarchy, Mr. Stead and I turned our attention to the Kurds. Previous to that time we had spent about three years traveling about the Rammadan field in an attempt to visit every village and make a map from which we might judge the possibilities of reaching them effectively.

As the Government became more and more lax the villagers were possessed with a spirit of unrest. The mountain peoples soon took advantage of the opportunity for robbery and blackmail and we were obliged to find some center from which to work. Among the mongrel Turko-Persians of the Ramadan plains we had found an excessive amount of fanaticism. Stones were thrown at us frequently and many times we thought it wise to leave a village before the people were astir in the morning, while our servants felt under the necessity of inventing reasons for our being there.

The Sultanabad plains offered a better proposition. The a.gents of the Zeigler Carpet Company had come and gone among them for a number of years and they had got over, to a certain extent, their suspicious inquisitiveness regarding foreigners. Again in the Malair, Nahaven, and Borojaird districts the population was mixed Lurish origin and had more the stamp of the tribes-people; but they were poorly governed and more than usually active in highway robbery. Bijar and its villages offered great inducements and there we first came in contact wit}! women who owned property and manipulated the affairs of their own villages.

But the district about Kermanshah seemed to call loudest for permanent occupation. For some twelve years Ramadan had had a 'Substation with an Assyrian pastor who preached to a few Jews and Catholic Chaldeans on Sunday and taught a little school during the week.

One of the principal things that attracted us to the Kermanshah field was the fact that the pilgrim road passes directly through that district, bringing pilgrims from every part of 997

Pel'sia and from Russian Turkestan, the Caucasus and Afghanistan, on their way to the Shiah shrines at Kerbella, Nejef and Kathimain in Mesopotamia. In nine rest houses (or ends of caravan stages) from Kangavar to Kasrishirin, the caravanserais are full every afternoon and evening during the season of pilgrimage. But that work remains for someone else to do. The rapid development of the work among the Kurds, in spite of a continuous procession of opposing circumstances, occupied completely our little force of workers and all ,of our own time.

There could scarcely be a more favorable place in which· to undertake a direct evangelistic work for Moslems than among the free, independent and hardy tribes who inhabit that portion of the Kurdish mountains which falls within the limits of the Province of Kermanshah. We found them a hospitable, kindly people, ready to respond heartily to every attempt at friendliness. Safe in their mountain fastnesses they have had nothing to ask from, and as little to give to any government. They are therefore free from the cringing qualities f01IDd in subject ra.ces on the ,one hand and from the arrogant traits of ruling peoples on the other. Away from the cities where the' religious leaders hold sway over the formalities of prescribed worship, they carry lightly the burdens of Moslem law. For the most part they are a nomadic people, following their fl6ck~ and herds from the plains of Mesopotamia where they winter them, to their summer pastures in the Elvend Ranges two huI).- dred miles away. There they come in contact with people from country and city, mountain and plain, and as their stamping ground lies across the great pilgrim route they hear tales 'from many countries, all of which help in the development of cosmopolitan and democratic ideas and provide food for thought and conversation. They laugh and joke and sing as only broadminded, thinking people can and a,re no more like the longfaced narrow, bigoted Moslems of the cities than a mountain cloud is like the smoke-laden fog of a big city.

T'o reach these people was the problem. Highway rob~'ry", blackmail and all sorts of brigandage are popular practices among them. Tribal warfare is rife and blood feuds are common. F,oreigners are supposed to be loaded with wealth and very few spots among the mountains have been visited by them. By force of circumstances we were pushed into a much better way than we could have planned. "God moves in a mysterious way His wonders to perform," and when we sometimes stumble into His pathway and follow it back a little to see from whence it has led, we wonder why we did not see the Hand that was moving the circumstances of our lives. to shape them to His own ends. We could not get helper,s. from our schools in other

19201 AMONG THE KURDS OF KERMANSHAH

stations; Kasha Mooshi who had been a long while in Kermanshah had a little family growing up and their mother was grieving herself and the whole family sick to get them back to Urumia where they would be in school and learning their own language. Mirza Ibrahim, the Arab convert, who with his wife ,Malakeh had labored eight months in one of our village'S and had won twenty converts, was having- hemorrhages and had to be sent to Mesopotamia, where the altitude is lower. The one Jewish convert, who gave promise of being useful and had been sent to Ramadan to school with a view to the ministry, decided that the Bank offered a more profitable proposition.

We reviewed our little flock of converts. to see what we could find. One young Jew could read and write well, another could read and write badly, and later a third came who had a f<"1;ir education in Persian and French. The first two had done business among the Kurdish villages. The third knew only the dialect of the city and that not very well. All had had the required reading and study for applicants for baptism. Without delay Mr. Stead assigned them a, number of chapters in the Old Testament and a like number in the New, provided them with report blanks that he had prepared, allowed them to choose their own districts and sent them out. Their choice of di'Stricts and later observation soon brought to our attention the wonderful feasibility of this method. We found that there was a Jew shop in practically every village in the mountains. Two Jews lived in each of these shops. They were brothers or cousins, or sometime'S only bl1si~ess partners. They traded principally in cheap calicos, muslins and in the yarns that the village women use for spinning. It would be hard to find a Jew in Kermanshah who had no relatives in this kind of work.

The Jew shop made a starting point for our men. They had a place to which they could go and make headquarters, friends who were in a position to introduce them and give them pointers, and a place to which they could return without coming all the way home. It i'S wonderful how much help we have received from Jews who are not Christians but are interested in the work that their relatives are doing . Our evangelifts meet the Kurds at these shop'S, go about to the honoos with the peddlers, get acquainted with the chiefs and their families, drop a suggestion that the missionaries would probably make them a visit if they were invited, and are themselves the bearers of the invitation and the medium of an introduction that usually ripens into friendship.

It was, at first, as great a surprise to the chiefs that we were willing to be their guests as it was to U'S that they would receive us. When the evangelist returns to the city Mr. Stead

. puts on. file in English from the carefully prepared reports the iteIIlS that he wishes preserved, gives the student an examina- tion on the portion of scripture aHsigned, appoints a new les- son, takes the account of the trip, pays a certain amount of the monthly salary and sends the man off again.

There have been many hindrances in the development of the Kurdish work. .It was begun in the midst of revolutionary disturbancel'l, when the brother of the deposed Shah was rousfng all Kurdistan to rebellion j and the country had scarcely set- tled itself into the normal condition of ordinary disorder when the great world war began and Kermanshah found herself in the middle of the highway of the nations. Our evangelists had scarcely become acquainted with their distric.ts before we had to bring them back to the city to keep them from being arrested as spies by one or another of the warring nations. Famine, typhus and "flu" followed in the wake of war, and gave us all more than we could do in saving life, and evangelistic itineration had to be left for a more convenient season. Everything seemed to be against the campaign that we had planned.

But here again we came upon God's mysterious way and beheld His wonders. The very things that seemed to oppose brought about far more quickly than any organizing that we could have done the conditions that we sought. The revolution, the establishment of the constitution, and all the attendant disturbances brought with them a democratic atmosphere that influenced in a special way a people naturally freedom-loving and potentially independent. When the terrible famine came and the British Government undertook to create good will by meeting the awful need with work, wages, r'ations and seed for their devastated fields, Mr. Stead was asked to take charge. of the work and they came in thousands for food. When the crisis was over we found ourselves acquainted with our field in a way that would have taken years to accomplish under ordinary circumstances.

As to the present positiON and condition of the Kermanshah work, all of Kurdistan contained within the borders of the Kerman·shah Province, i. e., our entire field, is open and friendly, with most of the tribal chiefs personal acquaintances of ours and many of them warm friend'S. Some thirty converts scattered among the villages are supporting themselves at their ordinary work without persecution. 'Thirty-nine Kurdish children in our home are being trained to go back as teachers, preachers, Bible women, or just as Christian men and women, to be used for God's harvest right there in their homeland. Our baby missions of a few years ago have grown up and the expense of caring for them has grown with them, and will grow until they are self-supporting.

~)M" BE ST

-"" – -u-11 iiII-'"'''-''''-''''@ MRS. E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MAKING THE MOST OF MISSIONARY MAGAZINES WE would scarcely kno~ how tq live in a magazineless world. Yet we are. far from ~kmg the ,?ost of our missionary magazines. The followmg suggestlOns for usmg magazines and for increasing their circulation, while based largely on THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF T~E WORLD, may be adapted in many cases to denominational mag- azmes also.

THE PRIVILEGE OF INTRODUCING It came to pass on this wise. As I sat down sighing because all my "May I have the privilege of in- friends could not hear, I thought of troducing you to Dr. Blank?" said a a certain magazine to which Dr. friend of mine as she stood beside a Blank was a contributor. The very great man. address which had so inspired me was to be printed there. From month to Every syllable of the trite phrase month his best thought would there thrilled with pride in testimony to appear. Then I became a SUbscripher estimate of the greatness of that tion agent. Mine should be the priviprivilege. lege of introducing a great speaker to his audience. Nay, not one speaker I coveted a similar privilege in turn, only, but many. Heretofore I would for were there not many of my have been filled with pride at sitting friends who had longed to meet the beside them on the platform and insame great man! I shook his hand troducing them to the waiting audiand he shook mine for one fraction of ence, while I would have scorned to a minute between his letting go of the have stood at the door, or gone among hand that just preceded mine and the my friends securing subscriptions to reaching. for the hand that followed the magazine which would introduce in . line. ~ murmured something them to many whom their words which he did not hear and he replied would bless. By securing .subscripwith something I did not understand. tions for the MISSIONARY REvn;w OF Then I passed on, wishing neverthe- THE WORLD and securing funds with less all the while that I might have which to present subscriptions to misth~ privilege, of introduting all my sionaries in many lands the privilege fnends to him. When I heard him of the introducer has been mine. make an address my wish became a longing. "Oh that my friends could Oh ye who sigh for contact with the hear him!" My wish has come true. great leaders of the world's work, and My longing has been realized. I have long to introduce them to your friends, introduced him to hundreds of a plain ordinary subscription blank friends. They have heard him speak, spells not a be-littling agency but a not once only, but many times, and great opportunity. have been blessed in the hearing. Some of them live in isolated moun- . No New York, or Boston, or Philatain homes, some dwell on western delphia, or Chicago, or any other prairies, some are in great cities and magazine headquarters can employ some are in foreign lands across the the staff that can introduce people of sea.

1001

every state and every church to the 10. A Woman's Missionary Society great facts and thoughts of our de- gives as a bridal present a year's subnominational and inter-denominational scription to every bride in the congremIsSIOnary magazines. Subscription gation. lists will run low until we realize that he who secures a. subscriber has done 11. One woman makes out an itina work that may be as far-reaching erary for her magazine. She lends as he who secures a great speaker. it to Mrs. A on Monday, to Mrs. B It is a privilege worth accepting. on 'Wednesday and so on, in the hope that she will eventually interest them WHAT SOME PEOPLE HAVE D~NE to the point of subscription. .

Some who have recognized the op- 12. A pastor gives as part of his portunity presented have made use of Sunday service a short survey of it with missionary magazines in the world conditions as revealed by his following ways: study of missionary magazines.

1. Secured clubs of subscribers and 13. A girl on small salary gave used the commission allowed to send Every/and to the Orphan Homes of complimentary subscriptions to mis- her denomination in her district. sionaries. 14. One far-sighted investor made 2. Given a subscription to a friend a gift to send Everyland for a year to who was not interested, in order that every institution for children in the he or she might become interested in world-wide missions. Many have State of New York. testified to the far-reaching blessing 15. One woman mailed her magathat came to them by ~uch a gift of the Review. zine as soon as she had read it to a friend who was teaching. in a moun- 3. Loaned copies to friends, calling tain school. attention to a certain article, with the request that the magazine be returned 16. A mother had always in her by a definite and not too far distant home two missionary magazines. The date. son who later gave testimony of their influence in his life was Cyrus Ham- 4. Put the magazines in city libra- lin. ries. 17. A Scotchman who was much 5. Bought substantial covers for interested in missions gave a subscripthem and placed them in reading tion to a missionary magazine to a rooms and waiting rooms. minister who was not greatly inter- ested. That minister is Dr. Robert 6. Subscribed for them for college Horton of London who made such a Christian Associations and reading profound impression on the Kansas rooms. City Student Volunteer Convention. Dr. Horton says he keeps four or five 7. Studied the list of various insti- bound volumes of the MISSIONARY tutions in the community and throughout the church and made sure that REVIEW on his shelves "as a monuthe magazines were available for Or- ment of a conversion." phan Homes, hospitals, schools, clubs, community centers, etc. A DREAM 8. Secured list of missionaries of By ELSIE SINGMASTER their denomination and raised or given a fund sufficient to send magazines to Elsie Sing master's stories are well known each missionary or at least to each to readers of Ha'jer's, the Century, Atstation. lantic Monthly an other magazines. She recognizes also the power and influence of 9. Voted from the treasury of the the missionary magazine. "A Dream" was Mission Board a fund sufficient to written on the spur of the moment when give a subscription to every mission- the Biennial Convention of the W'omen's ary as part of necessary equipment. Mis.l'ionary Society of the United Lutheran Church in America was looking for some- thing to stimulate magazine subscriptions. By adaptation it may be used effectwely to present the Missionary Review or any denominational magazine.

BES'f METHODS

CHARACTERS: I learned my letters ere I talked; I read before I toddled; A Dreamer, who may be dressed in cap and gown. I've been to colleges galore; I've never been befuddled The Inquisitor, who may be' dressed in an exagger.tted academic fashion, with a By any questions ever framed; long coat, goggles, etc. So bring on your Old Bogy; Mrs. Bays, who should wear medals and I'll answer, then I'll question him, carry many books. Until his head is groggy.

Mrs. Gates,. wha should carry a suitcase, ENTER MRS. GATES steamer rug, handbag, etc. Mrs. Gates: Mrs. Smith, young and elaborately dressed. Mrs. Drury, who should carry a broom, The brains that picked me far their choice Show wisdom quite uncanny. duster, etc. Mrs. Magazine, a young woman dressed To Mrs. Bays in wisdom, I Am fit to be a granny. as old lady, in cap, and skirt, made from covers and pages of a missionary peri- I got my learning journeying round. odical, and carrying a copy of the maga- zine in her hand. From Pole to Pole I travel; t:.

ENTER DREAMER There's nothing that's too hard for me, Dreamer: In an instant to unravel. An Ancient Mariner there was, That woman knows but what she's read. Wiho, when he was a wandering, Her learning is mere frothing; A strange adventure chanced upon, I can describe from actual sight; Which kept him ever pondering. And questions? They are nothing.

And henceforth he must often teU Dreamer: The story of his troubles. With this my dreaming spirit leaped. No matter if his hearers fled Who else did we require? And vanished, like soap bubbles. But they've been asked, so let them come, N ow, in the watches of the night, And join our able choir. 1, too, have seen queer visions, ENTER MRS. SMITH Which I propose here to relate Without the least elisions. Mrs. Smith: A fearful shack disturbed my heart; My name is Mrs. Chumleigh Smith! I've never had a rougher; My name was Flossie Forey; I thought that our Society I've learned to play according to A hard ordeal must suffer. The System Montessori.

We were to be examined well. No studying has marred my life; By whom? From us 'twas hidden; No traveling save for pleasure; The nature of the test also. My forte is telling stories good; We merely were all bidden I have them without measure.

To meet and choose four spirits keen, ENTER MRS. DRURY Who should for us do battle, Mrs. Drury: Before a stern Inquisitor, And I am Mrs. Drury. Though Who'd listen to no prattle. I've never been to college, Wernet, we talked, we wept, we thought, And never saw a distant land, And finally selected, And have no text-book knowledge, Our champions learned, four in all, And all the rest rejected. Experience long has been my guide, Of teachers it's the best, Befare you each will now appear, And bravely tell her story, If practical matters are discussed, Trust me to lead the rest. So you may know the accamplishments Which were ta win us glory. Dreamer: ENTER MRS. BAYS Again I sighed with deep relief. The Inquisitor might come! Mrs. Bays: I'm Mrs. Chalmers W5.ndsor Bays. I ope'd the door and in he walked, His looks quite struck me dumb. My name was Susan Coolidge; I've all the medals ever cast, ENTER INQUISlTOll And almost all the knowledge. Was ever stranger creature seen? His goggles were like hoops, His hair stood out, his coat-tails waved, His ears were like great loops.

He strode along and eyed our band, Mrs. Magazine: Shaking his solemn head; The Pacific Ocean holds this Isle, And shouting loud at Mrs. Bays, From Spain to us 'twas ceded, And this is what he said: Because a coaling station there, Inquisitor: The U. S. A. had needed. You say you krtow all sciences, Dreamer: You say you've krtowledge cherished I Poor Mrs. Gates and Mrs. Bays, Then tell us who the Nestorians were, Both so cast down and humbled, And when and where they Bourished. Hold hands, while now to Mrs. Smith Dreamer: The trying stranger grumbled. This question startled and confused. Inquisitor: Poor Mrs. Bays quite wilted; The third test yours is, Mrs. Smith, And thus she spoke, with trembling voice, You that were Flossie Forey; And face with shame down-tilted. Tell us, since that is your strong point, Mrs, Bays: A clever little story. I never heard of such strange folk, But let it be a foreign tale, The Andes Mountains rangers, Of children in Japan, The J aps, the Turks, the Copts, I krtow; Or Malay people, or Chinese, But these to me are strangers. Turkish or African.

Dreame,.: Dreamer: The queer man glared; our hears sank Poor Flossie Forey hung her head, down' She didn't even squeak, One of 'our four had failed us; When from the rear a strange, new voice While from the rear, that round strange The questions answered for us. voice Mrs. Mag'azine: Began again to speak. Nestorians were a Christian folk, Mrs. Magasine: Who preached unto the heathen: In Century One they did their work, I know a hundred foreign tales; I'll tell you 0 f a man, And left a pious leaven. Who meant to drown his little girl Dreamer: Until his heart began . To Mrs. Gates the stranger turned, To melt at thought of her small size And with a frown saluted: And cunning little ways; He bade her now show Quickly off And then he saved her, brought her up- Her wisdom so reputed. I'll tell you how it was.

Inquisitor: Dreame,.: You've traveled o'er the world, you say, The stranger cried, And still you go and come, Inquisitor: Then tell me where on earth it lies, Dreamer: Enough! Enough! ~he famous Isle of Guam. And fixed his piercing eye Dreamer: Poor Mrs. Gates grew pale, then red. On Mrs. Drury. On her alone, Could we by now rely. Her temper, it was furious; She answered back that horrid man, If she fails, then we're lost indeed! What then shall we all see? With anger truly serious. What punishment condign, severe, What direful penalty?

Mrs. Cates: Again he curled his savage lip. The Isle of Guam? There is no Guam, O! Mrs. Drury arise!

At me your fun quit poking! Prepare to save us, if you can I, of them all, refuse to be And face these cruel eyes!

A victim of this joking. At her at once he loudly cried, Dreamer: Inquisitor: Again spoke out the saving voice, To you this part belongs, Slowty, but not with languor. If you saw coming driver ants The queer man thought it Mrs. Gates, In crowds and ftocks and throngs, Repenting her wild anger.

BEST METHODS

What would you do, you know so much, Mrs. Magazine: Your experience is so wide; "I saw it in my paper."

The ants are comin¥ quickly on, Dreamer: The remedy provide! Then Mrs. Gates rushed up to hear, Drt(J~": With shame so nearly dead, She seized the lady by the arm, We saw each twinkling beady eye We saw each tiny thorax And this is what she said: We felt as if we'd be devoured, Mrs. Gates: Until she shouted- The Isle of Guam, how did you know Mrs. Drury: Where was that foolish flace? Tell me, and for the Isle 0 Guam, Borax! I'll set a rapid pace. Dreatmlr: Before the monster could object, Dreamer: The lady folded placid hands, And jeer at Mrs. Drury The voice behind us sweetly said She cut a little caper, Said she, while triumph filled her eyes, Mrs. MagGl!1ne: Why, I should run Iike fury I Mrs. Magazine: "I found it in my paper." Dreame,.: Then, Friends, there happened a queer Dreamer: Then pretty Mrs. Chumleigh Smith, thing The stranger didn't blame us She that was Flossie Forey, Nor did he say we all had failed, Ashamed, addressed that lady smart, But gave us fine diplomas. Who knew a foreign story. (Stranger presents diplomas and badges , and departs) Mrs. Smith: Oh please tell me where yoU found, Our answers were correct, he said, Our erudition wondrous, Your little foreign story! Such entertainment is for me, He gave us each a handsome badge, And then he vanished from us. The only path to glory.

The mystery could not be solved, Dreamer: To despair we all were ready; Again the lady clasped her hands, When Mrs. Smith recalled to us, She cut a little caper, . The voice of an old lady, Said she while triumph filled her eye, Who'd answered when our knowledge Mrs. Magazine: failed, ."I read it in my paper."

About the old Nestorian, Dreamer: Mysteriously she'd saved the day At last e'en Mrs. Drury came, She must be an historian. To ask for source of knowledge, She thought she should have known of We. turning, saw a curious sight, The friend who knew all nations ants Though she had known no college. A lady, sweet and old, bedight, With many decorations. Mrs. Drury: 1 know that driver ants are fierce, (MRS. MAGAZINE COMES FORWARD) That borax would not tame them; Dreamer: But tell me, who told you to run The first to speak was Mrs. Bays. Aud thus alone to treat them? Mrs. Bays: Oh, how are you so clever? Dreamer: 'The lady folded placid handi, Nestorians, where'd you hear of them? When I heard of them never. Aud cut a little caper, Said she, while winking with one eye, Dreamer: Mrs. Magazine: The lady folded. placid hands, "I take a little' paper." She cut a little caper Dreamer: Said she, while triumph filled her eye, But then a clamor loudly rose,

First Mrs. Bays protested, Why, nothing is as cheap as this! Then Mrs. Gates and Mrs. Smith Some papers cost five dollars I Their patience had been tested. For this much nothing you can buy, No shoes, or frocks or collars. Mrs. Bays: M~ father thousands gladly paid No paper is so cheap as this, And none is so improving, To let me go to college! So all subscribe, extend our fame, Mrs. Gates: Now, girls, we must be moving. My father all his money spent, (Exit, all but Dreamer) To send me out for knowledge! Dreamer: Mrs. Smith: The lady went, and so did all, My system many dollars cost, That class who'd failed so sadly, I thought it was enough! And I awoke to find a dream MrS. Drury: Had made me feel so badly. I've taken fifty years to learn, My tale is told, and now I go, I call this pretty rough! Trusting you see its meaning, Mrs. Bays: Henceforth, when puzzling questions come, How many thousands did you spend? May we, on no one leaning.

Mrs. Gates: Be able, like our placid friend, To get your education! To cu.t a little caper, Mrs. Smith: And say, while triumph fills our eye, I'll promise all economies! "I know! 'Twas in my paper!"

Mrs. Drury: Introducing "Miss Friend" Or any abnegation! Quite irresistible is the plea the Dreamer: Methodist women are making for a Then finally this queer old dame, wider circulation and a wider reading of their Women's Missionary Friend Addressed the eager ladies; in the presentation of the dialogue She smiled, her trying placid smile "Miss Friend," prepared by Mrs. O. N. Townsend. A sample copy may be As if they were but babies. secured from the publication office, She waved her paper in the air, 58 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. While Mrs. Drury pouted, How to Use Magazines 'Twas Lutheran Women's Work she had And this was what she shouted- A MISSIONARY REVIEW PARTY.- For small groups ·as well as for larger Mrs. Magazine: ones a MISSIONARY REVIEW party will I pay three quarters for this sheet; provide a delightful variation from our usual missionary meetings. In- From it I get my knowledge; vite as many of the guests as will to Three chocolate Sundaes does it cost; wear costumes which in some way represent the REVIEW. Amazingly 'Tis good as any college. clever originality is developed in ama- teur costumes of cloth or paper. It used to be five good ke creams, Award a year's subscription to the But now the cost of living designer of the best costume as voted by a committee. Appoint in advance Has sent it up a little bit; different guests to represent each de- To save enough I'm striving. partment of the current issue. Have menu cards prepared in advance an- It gives me news of all the church, Of home and foreign missions, From it I've learned most all I know In many easy lessons.

I'm not afraid of any man I don't care how he thunders, I can match everything he knows, With just as many wonders.

So, ladies, next time don't postpone Your study till a crisis, But take and read your Woman's Work And as for rise in prices-

BEST METHODS

nouncing only table de hote service. So may a Feast of Missions be Let the "Menu" be introduced by a served in any church that has a mind presentation of the cover page and the to have a week day missionary meet- frontispiece in a most effective way, ing in the church or in the home of followed by serving "Editorial Com- one of its hospitable members. ment" in quick, spirited review. The second course should be made up of COMMUTING POSSIBILITIES. – A "Contributed Articles" served by a leader in missionary circles reports number ·of people in short talks. Fol- that a business man of her acquaint- low with "the Home or Foreign Bul- ance found a copy of the REVIEW on letin," as the case may be, presented his wife's desk. He became interin the most interesting way possible. ested in an article and took the maga- "News from Many Lands" may fur- zine with him on the car. He formed nish material for a wonderful salad. the habit. The REVIEW became a Select the most interesting items and regular part of his commuter's readhave them presented in a few sen- ing schedule and every issue was read tences by different people. Items as he went back and forth to his work. from foreign lands may be given by a group of girls in costume. "Best INSERTS.-Give to some one the Methods" may be made delectable by definite assignment of reading mishaving some young woman propose sionary magazines with a view to in a spirited and convincing way the gleaning short striking items that may methods which should be adopted or be inserted in church bulletins or adapted in that particular church or parish papers. society, and the "Book Reviews" can be served as a concluding course by B U I, LET INS YS T EM. – Many someone who presents one or more churches are looking about for work books. Last of all, new subscriptions to be assigned to variQus people. A for the REVIEW should be received. combination of the wall space of our Sunday-school rooms, church parlors ";!I1ISS FRIEND" A LADY WORTH KNOW· and churches with the facts published ING in missionary magazines offers pos- sibility which would be quickly 5eized by any progressive business house. Appoint an individual or a committee to study available wall space, black- boards, bulletin boards, etc. Also the number and character of meetings to be held, and the possibilities of speak- ing impressive messages through facts and pictures displayed in various ways in a regular and systematic way from day to day.

CHARTS Too. The pictures from various magazines offer good chart possibilities.

CLIPPINGS AND ExcERPTs.-Editors of college magazines will find that there are many items about colleges of mis3ion lands which are worthy of place in their publications if the col- lege missionary committee is on the lookout to furnish them.

MAKE YOUR OWN BOOK OF METH – oDs.-A chairman of the missionary committee of the Y. W. C. A. in one college made into a book all of the "Best Methods" from the REVIEW

and from other magazines. The book then their hearts did not fail them is turned 'over from year to year to for, notwithstanding the fact that the new chairman. Many presidents none of them had been accustomed to of local societies are making an spending Sunday afternoons with a "Ever-new Book of Missionary Meth- missionary journal, they knew any- ods," by this installment plan, not fail- thing to which Miss Blank invited ing to add some pages of their own them was worth going to.

home made, tested and tried recipes. After preliminary greetings each PROGRAM SUGGESTIONS-A Moslem- guest was handed a pencil, and a paper Christian Debate as gi,-:,en in the Oc- containing thirty-five questions. After tober REVIEW will make a good addi- the questions was a blank indicative tion to a missionary program. It will of the length of answer expected. The be more effective if presented in answer to every question was to be costume. found in some article or news note EIGHT Boys AND GIRLS AND A SUN- in the REVIEW. For nearly two hours DAY AFTERNOON. Those were the there was a lively searching party at principal ingredients but the affair work, though the comments and the would not have been a success if it exclamations coupled with the eager- had not been for the young woman ness of each one to reach the goal of who was always looking for mission- thirty-five correct answers, and the ary opportunities, the young man who circulation of a box of "fudge" made always helped her make the most of the moments pass so rapidly that them, and eight copies of the MIS- every one was surprised when time SIONARY R!;;vIEW OF THE WORLD. The was called. Then a basket was passed young woman had been thinking much which contained ten slips of paper, of the way those eight boys and girls, on each of which was printed a sub- who lived in her community and be- ject for an after-supper speech.

longed to her Sunday-school, were Speakers were told which articles in spending their Sunday afternoons, and the REVIEW contained material for she did not like what she saw. The ,their speeches and given fifteen min- boys and girls were all either four- utes for preparation. Then the whole teen or fifteen and were keenly inter- party gave eager advice and con- ested in investigating everything from tributed diversified gifts to evolving bird life in their own parks' to hous- from a chafing dish an appetizing hot ing conditions in the South Sea dish to be added to the sandwiches, Islands. salad, and sweets already prepared.

They were keenly interested also After supper each speaker was given when they received "The world with three minutes on the assigned topic.

a string to it." The world was a There followed a spirited discussion small card board miniature. On it of world conditions, then, a half- was printed "The world is yours." hour walk to church.

To the string was pasted a strip of The ushers were delighted at the paper on which was printed "but you unusual request for seats for a party must investigate." On an inside sheet of ten young people at the evening was this invitation: service. The choir was also much cheered by the sight of some young "Tour of Investigators. Leaves Miss faces in that usually empty pew that Blank's on next Sunday at 4, Lands at the music rang with unusual melody. the church at 7 :30. Meals en route in- Moreover the pastor, who had faced cluded." that empty space of these front pews every, Sunday night for months, was All of the eight had been previously inspired to preach an unusually good instructed that they must beg, borrow sermon and reports of it brought out or buy a copy of the latest MISSION- a larger congregation on the follow- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Even ing Sunday evening.

BEST METHODS

As for the investigators, they went thanks. Then we have either a short home convinced that after all mission- tall.:: by the pastor or by a number of aries were not so uninteresting as they members calling attention to the situa- had thought, and that missionary tion in various mission stations and magazines were not "dryas sticks," presenting the call for prayer. If the while the young woman who was look- statements are made by members pre- ing for missionary opportunities and viously appointed by prayer meeting the young man who always helped her committee they are of only several make the most of them, were content. minutes each, being held to the brief- What She Did est form possible to present the situa- tion so that most of the hour can be . She was a woman who did things. given to praise and intercession as the "Tell me," I said as I settled myself progress of the work and the needs comfortably beside her in the path of are stated. As the congregation goes my methods hunt, "four ways you 'out the members of the committee use missionary magazines." hand to each one a card on which is She laughed. "Whenever I have written the special causes for praise to produce four things I always think and prayer with the page of the magaof 'something old, something new, zine on which the item appears, noted something borrowed and something so that all of the members may be praying definitely every day at home. blue.' "Now as to 'something old.' I " 'Something borrowed.' Well, we found I was having an accumulation have made quite a feature of lending of various missionary magazines our magazines. Each subscriber has a circle of members, who are not subwhich was ever growing in un-used, scribers, assigned to her. One of her dust-collecting piles, so I went over duties is to lend her magazine and to them and made clippings of articles lend it so tactfully and effectively that and stories on different countries. she really gets her uninitiated neigh- Then I made loose leaf scrap books of them. The covers were plain card- bors to read some article, or story or board with the name of the country .poem, or look as some picture.

printed on back and some pictures "Possibly my 'something blue' is pasted on. I had sheets of white paper best of all. We found the folks that punched with two holes for inside were shut-in were often discouraged pages. One book of poems has en- and blue. They had had an over dose abled me to gather in one place where of self, so we have our Readers' Divi- I can lay my hands on them at any sion, which is made up of members time the best missionary poems from who agree to slip in to various 'shut- every source. My books have become ins' to read to them. No matter what a veritable reference library for all else they take in the way of reading the people in the church who want material they always take a mission- material for papers and talks. Since ary magazine and we have found that they are on loose leaf sheets I can when we get some folks to think of 1end them all together or in sections. other people in the world besides "As to 'something new' as soon as themselves they are cheered more my new missionary magazine comes than when we read the funny Qur prayer" meeting committee gets papers to them. Then too we have together and we base the next prayer found that great blessing has come to meeting on the needs revealed by the our members who have given this magazine. We begin with prqise for service. We are careful to send just the work that has been accomplished, the rig-ht folks to the right folks, and Qne person or sometimes two or three to caution a wise selection of poems being appointed to tell in a few words or stories or articles and advise against Qf items for which we should give an over-long stay."

Ideal Missionary

A Bible Study on Proverbs 31 :10-29.

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., CAIRO, EGYPT A paper by Mrs. D. Z. Sheffield in The Chinese Recorder (March, 1919), deals ably with the status, preparation and work of missionary wives, but, as Matthew Henry tells us in this chapter of Proverbs, we have "a looking- glass for ladies which they are desired to open and dress themselves by: if they do so their adorning will be found to praise and honor and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ'"

The Old Testament portrait of the perfect woman is a gem in literature.

Like all Scripture it has universal application for all times and all nations.

The writer, an Arab chief, Lemuel, is perhaps describing his own mother (d. context and marginal note), and shows the high ideals that prevailed in the Orient before Islam came in to lower the standards of home life. The description, because of its many Orientalisms, especially suits the heroism of the task and the environment of the mis5ionary wife and mother. Of the Christian workers on the foreign field more than sixty per cent are women, and more than half of t1,ese are wIves of missionaries. They are a constant illus- tration of that Christ like "inverted homesickness which loves and longs and labors and suffers for a land and people not their own."

An abridgement of the description in Proverbs is found in the New Testa- ment (I Timothy 2 :9, to, and I Peter 3:1-6). In the Hehrew the chapter in Proverbs is an acrostic, each verse beginning with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet in order. This acrostic sums up womanly virtues as the following analysis shows. 20 Social service and liber- In Verse 10 The strategic value of ality.

home. 21 Foresight in household 11 Veracity and sincerity duties.

as foundation of char- 22 Artistic sense and taste acter. Beauty as pow~r.

12 Goodness a fountain of 23 Justifiable pride-* influence. 24 Business capacity and 13 Diligence that is con- administration.

tagious. " 25 Strength of character 14 Enterprise that ministers and a joyful disposition.

to CO:11 fort. 26 Sweet temper in telling IS Industry and dIvision of tre Good News.

labor. 27 Good management and 16 Economy of resources- fru!!ality.

missionary salary. Strong health and exer- In Verses 28, 29 Motherliness and wifely 17 virtue.

cise-the climate. 30, 31 Her g'ory and reward, now and hereafter. 18 Efficiency of plan and program.

19 Self-help and industrial . training. St1ch high ideals challenge missionaries to take account apew ~ the talents committed to their trust, and consecrate them all to Christ's service. They make ridirulous the tabulation of missionary statistics under three headings, namely: .. Men; Sipg:e women, Other women"! Nho would classify as such Mary Moffat, Harriet Vaterbury Scudder, Anna Hazeltine Judson, Mrs.

Hudson Taylor. Mrs. John G. Paton and other miSSionary wives who form such an honored host!

* Matthe-w Henry says "hecause her husband appears clean and neat in his dl ess and even,,·hing about him dt'Cf'nt and handsome, yet not gaudy, one may know that he has a good Q."jfe at home thM takes care of his clothes."

10lD

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM AS A members of the Program Committee GUIDE TO SERVICE are the trustees of spiritual re- By MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, White sources whether of personality or Plains New York passion. They are the discoverers Program-building is not always recognized as a function of service. of fields for the application of these The thought of service should be the dominant motive in its prepara- resources. They are the guardians tion. The program will prove to be either the strength or weakness of a great treasure, the executors of the Missionary Society. Pre- pared by a committee charged with of a noble trust. that responsibility it presents a list of leaders, topics and devotional ex- Four fundamental principles de- ercises providing for two hours of spiritual cultivation once each termine progr?m building. as an aid month. These programs, often somewhat detached, have large to service. There must be a clear value. but the flow of interest and service is too intermittF'nt. They purpose in mind. Is the program are like channels of California yai- leys overflowing in rainy season, to entertain, instruct, inspire, or de- but dry in other seasons. But the ~'e1op ? These are vital elements. . program that lays tribute on the spiritual qualities d mE'mbers, that :Sut .do they sum up the final end crordinates the aims of organized church forces, that proiects its in- III vIew? If so, the program is in terest rn the whole field of s('rvice sends forth a stream of unceasing ·a measure fraunidtlessc.ultivInastitorunctioarn~ influence. It is net the spiritu'll en- inspiration, thusia~m of a single afternoon a month. hut a cultivation of the rich- worthy accomplishments but until est sfJiritual qualities and an expres- sion of the purest spiritual min- they are so compacted into service istries throughout the seven days of ~hat th~r take fire they are largely each week of the month. Such a program is like ·the c"annel of a mert. They were all filled with fruntain fed by the unf:liling reservoirs of the upI2nds.. The visirn of the Holy Spirit. and began-." Not the prrgram as a means of cultivation and a ficld for service will en- until they BEGAN did that flame ahle t"e program committee to make their work vital and a chal- become a contagion in the hearts lengl! to the devoted women of the congregation, and winsome to tl'ose of the unsaved. ' who are as yet uninterested. The There must be definiteness. Pro- grams and messages are alike weakened by mere generalHies.

There must be continuity. Each program shculd m:lrk a distinrt ~d­ vance toward a climax and eacli feature in the program should con- tribute to that end.

There must be coordination. De- votional exercises, Biblical mes~ sages and original productions should be in harmony with the general theme of the program.

The aim in ptcgram"building must be kept constantly before the committee. It is to deepen the in- terest of those interested and create new interests. It is to develop interest in the uninterested and draw them into the organized movement. It is to relate our lives definitely to the life and condition 1011

of those whom we study. It is to sustained enthusiasms for the broad produce practical results in de- field of service that are not fed by veloped prayer, dedicated life, and intense and reasonable loyalties to devoted money. It is to create the home church. The Interchurch community consciousness by pre- W:orld surveys are invaluable. A senting commtlnity needs. It is to carefully kept scrap book for cur- develop the sense of individual re- rent events is a mine of treasure. If sponsibility. An essential aim is we are to develop community con- to produce capable leaders. This sciousness we cannot be indifferent searching qqestion should be. kept to present-day economic questions, constantly in mind. Are our and in this field Government women who possess qualities of pamphlets are available. There is leadership being developed by par- much material of equal value that ticipation in our. missionary pro- cannot be mentioned here.

grams? What quality of leader- Maps, attractive postet:s, and ship have our programs developed carefully selected pageants are con- and is it found in sufficient quan- tributory means of translating facts tity? In every sphere of organized into the life-service of members.

life, educational, social, and po- The committee's work is not com- litical, capable leadership is a su- pleted when the formal program is preme need. Surely leadership is printed and distributed to the mem- the crying need of the Christian bers of the Society. The archi- Church for bringing the Kingdom.' tect's work is not finished when the But how can leadership come out blueprints are placed in the hands of the cultivation of mere feeling of the builder. He must give wise and sentiment, however spiritual? direction and painstaking super- Not until life passes through the vision until the building stands discipline of service is it ready to forth complete to fulfil the purpose receive baptism into the vocation of of its erection. In like manner the a fruitful ministry. stewardship of these spiritual build- We survey briefly our material ers is a sacred trust to be executed for the building of the program. in faithfulness toward a completed We have at command Mission task.

Study Text Books affording a wide "Give diligence to present thyself apfield for selection. Reference books proved unto God, a workman that are essential. If each of a number needeth not be ashamed, handling of members will purchase one they aright the word of truth." 2 Tim. 2:15. can be secured without financial My Friends–an Introduction burden and later can be placed in By ALICE W. S. BRIMSON the library of the church. The Executive Secretary of the Christianiza.- management of Public Libraries tion Americanization Department of the are often willing to purchase more Woman's Baptist Home Mission Society.

expensive books of reference which "A new-found friend is a new- are of permanent value to the li- found joy." New friends I have braries. TH1~ MISSIONARY REVIEW found this winter who have broad- OF THE WORLD should be provided ened my view and deepened my ap- to keep in touch with the world- preciation, women whose friendship wide work and problems. Reports I count most dear. May I infro- of t he Federation of Woman's duce some of them to you?

Boards of Foreign Missions, of Turn down the board walk Council of Women for Home Mis- which leads to the rear of the sions, . of Home Missions Council building. Up the narrow, steep are most valuable. Denominational stairs we climb. The big collie is pUblications should be used loyally. the first to greet us, strangely out We have little confidence in the of place in the wee little fiat which

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

boasts no back yard. Then comes baby in most approved American Katie, with her cheery smile and style and is anxious to learn to hearty handshake. We all sit in talk better and be "all American" the immaculate kitchen. Katie for his sake. While we' sit and wants to learn English. She wants have refreshments, her eyes -will to speak so "sweet," drawing out shine if we talk of the beauty of the word "like an American." the homeland.

"Do you know what soul is, Mrs. Tsaikos lives in a house on Katie?" the back of the lot in one room and an alcove. Here Mrs. Tsaikos "Yes, thoughtfully, "soul is lives with her twin boys of four, heart-live forever." and the smaller lad of two, and, of course, the baby. She has two To form our rounded letters chairs, and the bed and table and seems hard to Katie. I place my stove so nearly fill the room that hand around hers as once, many we could not be far away from years ago, the teacher did for me, the stove. We try to explain to and move her fingers to make the Mrs. Tsaikos our errand. strange letters. Oh! the joy in her face when, after painstaking "N0 English, Greek," is the aneffort, at last she has written her swer with a shake of the head.

name. "We teach," is the reply. Katie tells of the little cottage But again, "No English, Greek." Then, from a shelf, she brings in Hungary with the dirt floor and a pencil and paper: "You write– the· thatched roof. "Oh, maybe man read," was the request. you don't think my house is very With more smiles we leave, nice," she says as she looks about promising "Next Wednesday." her little rooms, "but oh, I wish The next week she smiles her my mother could see it! She welcome and brings the chairs, would think it is wonderful." and we try again.. "Chair, stove." We never had enough to eat at She repeats it, and this time my home in Hungary. Many a night visit ends after a very successful I have seen my mother take the lesson. This must be the beginfrying pan and put it on the ning of a long series of visits. stove; then she would put in flour, Sometime, after she has learned to without any fat, and stir and stir love me, I can tell her of the until it was brown, and then put Friend who loves her more than I in water, and that soup was our do; who knocks at the door of her supper." heart just as we did at the door of her little backyard home, and "But do you really love Amer- then, if I introduce Him, perhaps ica, Katie?" she will let Him in.

Raising her hand, with a look It is hard to be a stranger in a of reverence the answer comes, strange land when the language "Before God, I love America." is all unknown. It is hard, in Katie is never idle. All day she these days of high prices, to make crochets or knits. She is now the family income go rjJund the planning a curtain made of :filet family needs; but when you are a crochet for the glass door. The widow it is infinitely harder. pattern on it is to be the Statue There is much that an American of Liberty. friend can do for Mrs. Costakes. She has five sturdy children, all Another friend of mine IS Mrs. loyal Americans. A few weeks Piccininni, from sunny Tuscany. after Christmas was the Greek She is sure to greet us with a kiss and welcome us gleefully into her pretty home. Then there is Mrs. Macros who is taking care of the

New Year and, according to the Is Amelia coming to sewing custom of the old land, Mrs. Cos- school ?", Her eyes shine. She will takes prepared to take the whole family to the Greek Church; but soon be ready. She has finished to her surprise she met opposition. her work, and it is well finished "N0, Mother," said the oldest boy, too, for there is no speck of dust "Weare not Greeks. Weare or disorder in all her domain. Americans and we have to go to Amelia loves the mission and is school today. We canot go to the never absent when it is open. Greek Church." What hope does the future hold for her except through e'e m;s- "And I want to be an American, sion? Her friends there must take ton," Mrs. Costakes said, as she the place of her mother and in- told the story. But, if being an terpret America to her, its snares Amt"rican means abandoning the and its glories, as her father can- religion of the "old country," is it not. not the obligation of Christians in America to substitute the bulwark Swet,;t-spirited servIce to a of our religion? stranger is the key which un- locks the door of such friendships Down a narrow walk we go be- and brings to m'Lny a new Amerbetween two houses, until our prog- ican the first Christian interpre'"aress is disputed by a great, big tirns of the new land; and to the hog. He dnes not deign to recog- older American the enrichment of nize us. Neither does he make a new friendship. This is the true any attempt to follow us up the method of Americanization. back stairs. Amelia is a housekeeper, though she is only fourteen NEW AMERICA' years old. Back in Amt'lia's mind is a memory of the distressing day, J. By MONTGOMERY WILSON two years ago, when in another house than this, she was startled Lord 'God of nations, hear by the srund of a shot in the next Thv people when h fear rcom. Crushed by a weight of care, so heavy it set'med she could On Thee they call; no longer bear it, the Polish Heal Thou our bleeding land; mother forced her way out of this Help us henceforth to stand, cold world, and left to the little Kept by Thy powerful hand,. daughter the bloody vision, the crowd and excitement of many Our all in all. women coming and going and gossiping, and the realization that Our wanderings we con fess, she must fight against the hard- Our utter Ioeedlessness ships that her mother could not face. So, in these two little Of all Thy love; rooms, she keeps house for the Help us to seek Thy face, father who cannot yet speak the Turn from our wicked ways, English language. And trust Thy saving grace, "!Thy don't you go to night Father, above. school?" we asked him. An embarrassed laugh follows our question. ' Forgive our greed of gain, From arrogan-::-e res.j.rain "Two cld for school," Amelia explains. He is ashamed to go. By Thy great power; We tell him that he can come to the So shall OUr ways be Tight, mission and there he can learn the Thy Sabbaths our deli"ht, English. Fa;<h be complete in sight, From that good hour.

God help us to receive The chast'ning Thou dost give, With humble mien; Then wars on earth shall cease, Our land shall yield increase. And Christ, the Prince of Peace, O'er all shall reign. Bisbee, Arizona.

* From the Christian Observer.

fROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA industry, if ever there is an eighteenth amendment to the Materialism VB. Spirituality Italian ccnstitution.

WHEN Sadhu Sundar Singh, Well known physicians, promi- who recently visited England nent educators and distinguished and America, was asked to give scientists led the discussions, which his impressions of America, in- covered the scientific, economic, social stead of mentioning the greatness and historical aspects of alcoholism. of the cities and success of business ~nterprise he described the AProhibition and the Salvation Army materialistic atmosphere that per- SALVATION Army officer, vades the country, and the mani- quoted in the daily press, defest indifference to things spir- clares that "the deserted appearitual. The parable of the man dy- ance of the Army's industrial. ing of thirst while adrift on the homes is the best proof of ·the ocean was used to illustrate the effectiveness of the prohibition abundance of the spiritual Christian amendment." Seventy-five per c~nt doctrines so saturated with the of the men who worked in the salt of materialism that the re- industrial homes were confirmed ligious thirst of Americans can drunkards, and were representanot be satisfied by them. tives of all trades and profes- sions. From the various de- Int£'rnational Congress Against Alcoholism partments of their industrial en- terprise, the Salvation Army THE International Congress realized an annual income of against Alcoholism convened more than a million dollars. all in Washingt0n, D. C., September of which was put into expansion 21 to 26. This was the fifteenth of their service. The lack of session of the Congress since its drunkards will mean that other foundation in 1880, <'nd the first work must be taken up. They in almost a decade. The last Con- plan to establish clubs in indusgress met at Milan, Italy, in 1913. trial centers, to build hospitals, There were delegates in attend- and meeting houses, and to inance from the Arctic Circle, Ice- augurate some defimte work to land, Finland and Russia. Scan- save young boys. dinavia, the new republics of Poland and Czecho-Slovakia, the Fund to Aid Russians democratic kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were all rep- THE will of the late James resented. The Antipodes and all Stokes of Ridgefield, Conn., of the countries of Central and makes provision for organizing South and North America, Eng- the "James Stokes Society, Inc.," land and France, China and Japan a philanthropy founded by him were likewise represented, while for "Young men in Russia and Italy, in addition to its formal elsewhere," and closely affiliated delegation, sent a commercial rep- with the European Y. M. C. A. resentative with an exhibit of un- Committee. fermented wines to show what can be done with a great native Mr. Stokes founded the Y. M.

1015

C. A. in Paris and in Rome, and Interdenominational Evangelistic under the old regime in Russia Association." Plans were made for supported the "Miyak" or "Light- raising a budget sufficient to enable house" in Petrograd, which con- ducted classes for 3000 young the general secretary, Rev. P. E. Russians. The assets of the Zartman, to devote his time to the James Stokes Society amount to "promotion of evangelism, not evangelists." Steps were also more than 1,000,000. taken to raise the standard of re- quirement for membership, and it Lithuanian Methodist Church was decided to issue a magazine in the interest of evangelism. SOUTH BOSTON has a colony of 10,000 Lithuanians among The Negro in Business whom Rev. S. Geniotis is building up the first Lithuanian Methodist THE Negro's commercial prog- Church in existence. Classes in ress has been remarkable. In- English and religious education are conducted for both children creasing numbers of his race have and adults, and several Lithuanian shown unshakable evidence of that young men are training in Boston soundest principle of American University for religious work. Al- business success-thrift. In 1866 though the writings of Robert In- the Negroes of the country North gersoll have been translated into and South owned 12,000 houses, Lithuanian, and are widely read operated 20,000 farms, conducted I by these people, there are no 2,100 businesses and had $20,000,- Christian hymn books, catechisms, 000 of accumulated wealth. Fifty Sunday-school lessons, or other years later the number of homes material for religious instruction. owned had increased to 600,000, The lack of Christian literature in one out of every four, the operated Lithuanian is a serious hindrance. farms to 981,000, the number of businesses to 45,000 and the ac- Home Mission Evangelism cumulated wealth to $1,110,000,000. In 1867 four hundred Negroes were A FUND of $50,000 from the engaged in about forty lines of Methodist Centenary appro- business; in 1917 they were en- priation will be used in a wide- gaged in two hundred lines and spread evangelistic campaign by had $50,000,000 invested. Today the Southern Methodist Church. there are seventy or more safe and Twenty men are already at work sound banks in the hands of cap- in the home mission territory of able Negro financiers. Already the South and West. New work members of the race have received has been opened up in the moun- grants for a thousand patents. In tains of West Virginia, in Ten- 1866 the valuation of property used nessee, New Mexico, Arizona and for higher education was $60,000; Oklahoma. Miami, Arizona, a in 1916 it was $21,500,000. For the town of ten thousand inhabitants, same dates the valuation of church has but one Prot~stant church, of property increased from $1,500,000 only twenty-five members. A re- to $76,000,000. Were the figures cently appointed missionary of for increase along all lines for the the Southern Methodist Church last five years available, a much has undertaken work there. more marked contrast would ap- pear. New Name for Evangelist Organization Inter-Racial Committees in tlie South HE Interdenominational As- T sociation of Evangelists at a THE community idea for inter- meeting held at Winona Lake, In- diana, changed its name to "The , racial understanding through the joint leadership of white and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

colored people in each community the Indian problem in this country has spread into many Southern is not to be found in merely incities and towns, and has resulted creasing the material resources of in many practical reforms. Recent the Indian people, giving them land acco~plishments in the state of and tools and cattle, but in, and Louisiana are typical. through, Christian education, the' upbuilding of initiative and char- New Orleans has a Colored Civic acter, the inspirations of faith and League duly chartered Dec. 19, hope and fraternal goodwill." 1919. The New Orleans Association of Commerce has a committee Indians Give Pageant of three who are ex-officio members of the Board of Directors of FIFTY years ago the Protestant the Colored Civic League. This Episcopal Church began mission arrangement means effective co- work among the Dakota Indians. operation through responsible In commemoration of this fact the bodies whereby welfare agencies Indians recently gave a pageant on can be promoted, justice in courts the Santee Reservation-"The Fifand industrial conditions assured, ty Years' Trail"-depicting many schools built and maintained, rec- of the incidents in the long march reation provided, the poor cared from the darkness of superstition for, friction removed, to the great to the light of Christianity. The benefit of the city's 100,000. Ne- pageant was written by Bishop groes and all its large white pop- Burleson and translated into the ulation. Dakota language.

The Inter-racial Committees of Cooperation in Alaska local communities provide plans and methods of law and order, jus- UNDER the leadership of Mr. tice in the courts, better housing, W. T. Lopp of the United care for the sick, provisions for sani- States Bureau of Education, tation and recreation, better schools, schools are now within reach of school buildings, and teachers, nearly all native children. Hoseconomic justice, improvement in pitals and orphanages are being street cars, aid for and interest in built and equipped as rapidly as the farmers and the promotion of money is appropriated by Convaried interests of Negro welfare. gress. The Presbyterian Board of Christian agencies, colored and Home Missions and other denomiwhite, are particularly enlisted. nations seek to work in harmony with the government, so as to avoid Congregationalist and Advance. duplication.

The Uplift of the Indians Mexican Invade Vnited States DR. SAMUEL A. ELIOT, son I T IS estimated that more than of the former president of Har- 100,000 Mexicans have flocked vard University, and himself an into Texas within the past six author, preacher, church adminis- months, and almost an equal numtrator, and Indian Commissioner, ber into New Mexico, Arizona and recently saw a map of the United California, attracted by the lure of States, showing the mission sta- rapid money making. They are tions of all denominations to Indi- reported to be crossing the border ans, with the motto at the top, at unguarded spots, so as to avoid "The Gospel of Jesus Christ Will the literacy test and the $8 poll Solve the Indian Problem." Dr. tax. Once on our soil it is exceed- Eliot said, "That is true; that must ingly difficult to expel them. Their be our reliance more than upon labor has been helpful to farmers, bulls and buildings and bath-tubs." but they present a problem every- Then he wrote, "The solution of

where they go. Home mission or- time of Martin Luther the Prot- ganizations are directing their at- estants drenched Germany, France tention to a solution of it, realiz- and other European countries with ing that Christianity is their only blood; how from that date the hope. Protestants have been the cause of all wars; how the Protestants (of LATIN AMERICA course American) have taken one country after another, California, Stndent Preaching Centers Texas, Cuba, the Philippine Islands, Panama; and how they are MEXICO has an "Advance now stealing into South America Movement," initiated by a with the purpose of subduing Bra- native pastor, Rev. Eleaser Perez, zil. and emphasizing the duty of every . Christian to be an evangelist. One He told them that American mis- of the most enthusiastic responses sionaries are well paid spies, sent to this movement has come from out by the American government Coyoacan, where nine young men for the purpose of winning the peo- studying in the Presbyterian Train- ple and thus making it easier to ing School have formed a workers' subjugate the country. He then band which recruits for the min- passionately exhorted them to be istry, and holds services in outlying patriotic, and rise up and drive all districts. Once a week they meet Protestants .out of the country. with their Sunday-school teacher to prepare for the services. They There followed frequent attempts maintain the work of two organized to stone the missionaries, and a churches and six preaching sta- bombardment of anonymous letters tions. Vigorous opposition is en- threatening to use dynamite, but countered in some places; once the notwithstanding this bitter opposi- young men were stoned, but all the tion, no violence has yet been churches are growing steadily. done, and nearly fifty persons have since professed their faith. Sunday School in a Laundry BraziUan Womanhood Awakening A STEAM laundry is a novel place for a Sunday-school, but STATISTICS show that 85 per the moral cleansing that takes place cent of all Brazilians are un- in a laundry of Bahia Blanca, Bra- able to read or write. In Sao zil, on Sunday mornings when Paulo, an up-to-date and modem children of the tenement who look city the percentage is 60%. Like- like "soiled linen" gather to learn wise, in an undeveloped state has the Gospel story, has a salutary ef- been the Brazilian woman's idea of fect upon the whole neighborhood. her rights and possibilities in so- This school, held among the en- ciety and business. Since the gines and boilers, has grown stead- World War, young women are ily, and shows what the leaven of turning from the thirteen and the Gospel can accomplish. fourteen-year-old marriage to the schools of commerce, of pharmacy Falsehood aud Threats in Brazil and of medicine, and many are beg- ging entrance to the Normals. They SOME months ago, says the are entering business offices, wel- Missionary Voice, a Romanist in comed by a new attitude of society Pirassununga, Brazil, turned his- toward them. Not a single state tory upside down and pictured to institution in Sao ·Paulo was able the ignorant masses how the Prot- this year to take in all the young estants in the fifteenth century be- women applicants. gan a fearful presecution against the "Holy Mother Church;" how in the Home and Foreign Fields.

920) NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

E"l'ROPE· an attempt to produce a graded Sunday-school literature. Most A Princely Gift of the teachers have very meager training. NOT long' ago there came to the China Inland Mission head- Reduced to concrete terms, nine quarters in London an unregis- points that would make for Sun- tered parcel, insufficiently ad- day-school efficiency in Europe dressed, which was found to con- may be mentioned: tain a large number of Scotch bank notes, tied up in bundles of 1. A General Director for Eu.rope, twenty and amounting to no less with a strong secretary each for than £980. The only intimation France, Switzerland, Sweden and of the donor's wishes was 'written Germany. on a fragment of paper: "For the China Inland Mission. Jehovah 2. A teacher of Sunday-school Jireh !" Some unknown story of methods in every theological semi- sacrifice doubtless lies behind the nary. gift. 3. A demonstration Sunday-school The Christiall. for each country.

Local Option in Scotland 4. Institutes and Conferences on Sunday-school methods. THE history of the temperance agitation in America of twen- 5. Summer camps and summer ty years ago has begun co re- schools of methods. peat itself in Scotland, which has launched a great local option cam- 6. Training text books for teach- paign. The local option law ers and a comprehensive literature for which Parliament granted Scot- the pupils. land is so framed as to require si- multaneous campaigning in all the 7. Developmenti of adult Bible districts which' are to exercise this classes. choice. Colonel Kyle of the Highland light infantry is the 8. A definite missionary program. champion of the drys, and ex- 9. A campaign to double enrolment pects to surprise the yets in the ment and organize new s.:hools. .final test. Christian Advocate. Snnday Schools in Europe Conferences on Christian Cooperation THERE are 1288 Methodist Sunday-schools in Europe, GENEVA, Switzerland, was the with an enrolment of 99,793, al- scene of several conferences most all children under sixteen. during the summer. In addition Church membership on the conti- to the Missionary Conference and nent is only 65,736. Practically the Conference on Faith and Or- 100,000 children, therefore, repre- der there was a National Church sent not only the coming Meth- Federation Conference. and a odist Church in Europe, but pre- meeting of those interested in insent a challenge for transforming ternational friendship. Plans were the continent, shattered by war, made to call a "Universal Coninto a Kingdom of peace. ference of the Church of Christ on Life and Work," probably in These Sunday-schools are in fourteen of the European coun- the summer of 1922, to which all tries. Material is seriously lack- churches of all lands will be ining. So far, in only one of the vited to send delegates. The fourteen countries has there been Committee of Arrangements, of which Archbishop Nathan Soder- blom of Upsala, primate of the Swedish Church, is temporary chairman, includes among its members Rev. Charles S.. Mac· farland of New York and Rev. Thomas Nightingale of London. Eleven members of the Commit. tee are from the United States, three from Switzeri.and, two each from Scotland, Swpden and Hun-

gary ; and. one each from England, Roumania, were visitors at the Denmark, Holland and Italy. Conference. The earnestness and The'Niltional Church Federa- tion' Conference met August 9 to frequency with which uncomplain- 12 in the Hotel Beau Sejour, with ninety delegates present from fif- ing loyalty to the pure Gospel was teen' countries.. One purpose of the Conference was to take for- expressed forecast bright hopes eign delegates to Europe to study the position of the Continental for Bulgaria. The Orient. churches. Spiritual Movements in the Balkans Belgium After the War A N AGENT of the Bible So- REV. Henri Anet testifies that ciety reports that two or three the war has occasioned real thousand Bibles could be sold in spiritual progress in Belgium. A Bucharest within a few days if great many of the leading men they could be procured. One man who before the war were bitterly offered 100 francs for a copy. A opposed to clericalism-which was national society which has been the only. representation of Chris- founded for the restoration of tianity they knew-have come in Bulgaria puts Bible reading in the touch with American and British forefront of its program, while institutions in a new way, and in Greece, circles have been formed now. have a better understanding for reading the Scriptures. Even of Protestantism, and the influ- before the war had ended, soldiers ence of the Roman Catholic clergy in the trenches had formed little can never be what it was before groups to read the New Testathe war. One of the results of ment together, and these groups this modified public opinion has are found in many towns and vilbeen the establishment of a sys- lages. tem of compulsory education. MOSLEM LANDS The Met h a di s t Episcopal Church, South, is planning an ex- Mohammedan Decay tensive social and Christian work in cooperation with the two prin- AT A MEETING of the Mocipal Belgian churches. hammedan Ass a cia t ion in Bulgarian Pastors meet Cambridge, England, one of the AFTER the years of interrup- delegates from India said: tion caused by the war, the Bulgarian Pastors' Brotherhood "The peoples who own alhas been able to meet again. The meetings have always been held legiance to the Islamic faith have during the summer vacation, and are intended to serve for the been on the down grade for many transaction of business, for social intercourse and for spiritual uplift. decades. What used for succes- This year they were held at Samokov, and large representa- sive generations to be a name to tions were in attendance from both north and south of the Bal- conjure with is today a by-word kans. Two American Friends who, on their own initiative and and a reproach. Mussulmans at their own expense, have been evangelizing in Germany and have ceased to be true to those ideals which once were especially ap.d remarkably their own. The people of Islam are false, in a very essential sense, to the high ideal which made their forefathers great. Stagnation, apathy, and want of hope characterize today the Mussulman peoples of the world." The Presbyterian.

Conference of Zionists A ZIONIST Conference was held in London July 7-24, and was attended by delegates from

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

twenty-eight nations. A num- and Prophet and intercessor and beber of important resolutions con- loved friend Mohammed is the apostle cerning Palestine were proposed and cflrried. Probably the most of God. And this is the last letter from me, and I have finished with you."

remarkable of these decisions was For some weeks the boy was the adoption of the policy that kept in confinement, but eventually the land should eventually become made his escape and remained in the common property of the Jew- hiding until, incautiously venturing ish people. For this purpose a out one evening, he disappeared national foundation fund of not and has not been heard of since. The less than £25,000,000 is to be other two brothers have been able raised. to get away from their village, but A far reaching educational pro- their livelihood is a precarious gram was also adopted. Ele- . problem. Converts from Islam are mentary, industrial and commer- not free to pursue a trade or pro- cial schools, schools for music fession undisturbed.

and art, libraries, museums, a re- United Presbyterian.

search institute and a university were budgeted for. Eddy Meeetings in Egypt Lord Rothschild presided at the DR. SHERWOOD EDDY has Conference, and the principal bee n holding evangelistic speakers included Mr. Balfour and meetings in Egypt during Oc- Lord Robert Cecil. in addition to tober. A preliminary Prayer Con- Zionist leaders. ference was held with Christian Religious Fanaticism in Egypt workers of the Nile Valley in September, after which Dr. Eddy REV. E. R. Balleny of the held a series of meetings in Cairo, United Presbyterian Mission Tanta, Assiut, Luxor, Ninia and in Egypt tells of a wealthy Mo- Alexandria. The political situa- hammedan landowner, whose four tion in Egypt is still' very tense, sons had been educated in the and emphasizes the great need of Mohammedan University. Three preaching the Gospel of Christ at of the number were Christians every" opportunity.

and the father's rage knew no bounds. Missionaries visited him Opportunity In the Sudan A to intercede for the sons, but they N UNUSUAL opportunity for were warned never to repeat the visit. Egyptian Christians of Christian service exists at influence also called on him to present in the Anglo-Egyptian urge tolerance but to no avail. Sudan. The government authori- 'ties, being anxious for an exten- Subsequently, seven or eight . tension of missionary work among Mohammedans of the Community pagan tribes, have approached the beat one son until he was ex- Sudan United Mission and asked hausted; then forced him to sign that they organize schools in new the following statement which localities. The government offers they sent to the missionary from to gather the children into the whom he had learned about Chris- schools, and promises the best of tianity: facilities for work. Three new workers, graduates of Austral- "To the Honorable Mr. –. I would inform you that your recent visit failed of its purpose. Therefore asian universities, are leaving for I, …….. , am truly a Mohammedan, this field, and the Missibn is confessing and believing in God, and his angels, and his books, and his anxious to secure two additional workers, one a teacher and the prophets, and I testify that there is other a doctor.

no God but God, and that our Lord

INDIA "We the outcaste villagers of Togita: are come to you because Report of Hindn Conversions we can serve our village gods no longer. After every harvest we THE Hindu Missionary Society have sacrificed sheep and brought has boasted of "re-converting our new rice to the feet of Mis- to Hinduism one Christian each amma, our village goddess, but week," but their official report what has she done for us? Noth- shows that fifty persons came into ing. Ve have sacrificed also to the Society during the past three Durgamma, the cholera goddess, years, from Christianity, from Is- and to Poshamma, the smallpox lam and from Parseeism. This mav goddess, but our children and our be compared, for those who main– homes have not escaped the tain that "India is in a fair way scourge. Only from the medi- to convert Christendom," with the cines of the white ladies have we 350 Indians, on the average, who are' had help. becoming Christians every day. "Out of chips of wood the vil- Women of 'l'ravancore lage carpenter has made our idols, and we poor outcastes, who are THE "Mothers' Union" has taken not even allowed to bring our of- ferings into the temples, have al- firm root in Travancore, and ways brought sheep, fowls and now has about 12.000 members. rice, and the priests. have taken The first point of emphasis is the them from us on the threshold of home; Indian· Christians are be- the temple. ginning to realize something- of what it means to train children "Now our own relatives have properly, and to see what a spir- become Esi-Iog (men of Jesus), itual force woman can be in the and they have told us of the true home. God, and He has twisted our hearts; and now we are all of one Women have not formerly been mind in our village, we wish to encouraged to take an active part come to the Christian's Church in church work, but in some and to bring our offerings and places they are now teaching to pour them out at the feet of classes. in Sunday-school, and a Jesu Swami. But we wish most few are assuming responsibility of all for an Evangelist who will for visiting absentees. Several of live amongst us and teach us the women gather the poorer about Him; therefore leave us women of the neighborhood on not to the old devil priest and their verandas, and teach them to the idols in which we no texts and hymns. Work of this longer believe, but send us one sort helps the teacher equally as to help us to become true 'men much as the taught. of Jesus.'

All over South India "Gospel (Signed) Sunday" is observed, when every Christian man, woman and child SIANNA, is asked to have a part in making the Gospel known to others. In Guardian of the Water Tanks. one congregation last year the In- dian pastor said that the women ALLACONDA LATCHANNA, accomplished more than the men. the Cultivator."

A Powerful Appeal Indian Cbristian's Generosity THE London Christian recently THE Indian Witness reports the published the following peti- following about a Baroda Christion, sent by villagers of Hyder- tian: abad to Rev. Charles W. Posnett, of Medak: "There was a very earnest Chris- tian villager who, for some time,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

had ann1,lally made a contribution ually take beer, and further rejoice of one hundred rupees to the at the growing number of educhurch. One year the rains failed, cated natives who take kindly to it. and the ground was parched and dry. They are using enormous sums of The crops were a complete failure. money and many men to advertise His non-Christian neighbors began and sell their product. The chalto taunt him and say: 'Now, what lenge to Christian missions is to will you give to your God?' He only educate the people to better things kept silent; but, on the appointed day before the brewers' campaign is for the annual church offerings, he well under way. and his family walked up to the front of the church and put down, to Malaysia Message the amazement of all, not only his usual contribution of one hundred Lepers Couut their Blessings rupees, but five rupees in addition." THE leper church at the Chieng- Indians Accustomed to TitWng mai Asylum recently heard of a district twenty-five miles distant A PROFESSOR of economics at where there was no knowledge of Ewing Christian College, Alla- the Gospel, and immediately called habad, has established two con- a meeting to consider their duty clusions, after careful investigation; in the matter of sending some one first, that the average monthly in- to carry the Message to these negcome of an Indian village family is lected people. The lepers in this about 20 rupees a month, and sec- same church have recently sent to ond that the average amount spent Treasurer Day, of the Presbyterian regularly on gifts to Hindu priests Board of Foreign Missions in New and old customs is approximately York, a draft for $8.88, to be used one-tenth of their income. Acting in relieving famine. in Syria. upon these conclusions at least two Missions, the Methodist Episcopal CIDNA and the Church of the Brethren, are carrying on a campaign for making A Challenge to Christians the Indian churches self-supporting by inducing the whole membership THE startling statement was to contribute one-tenth of their in- made recently by Rev. F. W. come. Bible that there would be added to the population of China in the next SIAM AND MALAYSIA thirty years, at the normal rate of increase, as many people as there Beer Market In Asia are now in the United States. The present population of China is well ACCORDING to a leading ar- over 400,000,000. The size of the ticle in the Australian Brewers' missionary problem in China is Journal, reprinted in a recent issue seen in the fact that there is now of the Singapore Free Press, the only one evangelical missionary for Australian brewers are planning a every 80,000 people. There are in tremendous trade campaign in Asia. all only 312,000 communicants of German beer has been almost en- Protestant churches, and the areas tirely barred out; the field is there- in which there is no missionary fore wide open to Australia. Al- agency at all contain thirty-five to ready Australian brewers have forty million people. made huge shipments to India and with every success. They are con- Christian Observer. gratulating themselves on the large numbers of Eurasians who habit- The Power of Prayer MRS. F. C. H. Dryer of Hung- tung, Shansi, tells the story of a young Christian engaged as clerk

by a wealthy employer, who for- A Chiuese John the Baptist bade the young man to sing hymns, THIRTY-SEVEN years ago a read the Bible or pray, but com- man from Haitang, a Chinese promised when he wanted to leave island, visted the mainland and by allowing him to read and pray ther~ at an inn heard the story of quietly in his own room. Chnst. He returned to !Haitang, Sometime, later the' only son of and did not rest until he had the employer's brother was taken preached the Gospel in every one ill with convulsions, and the fam- of the four hundred and eleven vil- ily called on all the renowned lages on the island. When the first witches and exorcists, but to no missionaries came ten years later avail. Finally, in desperation word they found a people prepared to was sent to this young man to ask hear. There are now preaching what Christians did in like straits. centers in thirty villages of the He replied: "We pray to God." island, and many of the Christians When implored to come and pray give one-fourth of their income to for the child he reminded them that evangelical work.

he had been forbidden to pray any- Funeral Rites where but in his own room. Permission to pray was readily granted MR. HU SHIH, a modernist who under the circumstances, and al- is advocating reform along most at once improvement began in many lines, feels the need of more the child's condition. Eventually sincerity in the rites connected with recovery was complete. The em- the dead, and put into effect a ployer now attends Christian serv- combination of new and old ideas ices in the village, and a few . upon the death of his own mother. months ago sent his young Chris- He requested his friends to reduce tian employee to a Conference at the usual gifts, and for the old Chaocheng, to testify how the Lord sacrificial ceremony lasting seven had answered prayer, and supplied or eight days he substituted one him with 1000 cash for his ex- which was finished in fifteen min- utes. The burial site was selected penses. for practical, and not geomantic reasons, and the outstanding re- A New Leper Asylum sult was economy in time and Wu TING FANG, former Chi- money. Mr. Hu maintains that the men of today have not tb.-e time : nese ambassador to the United nor inclination for the intricate States, has given $5,000 with which rites of former days. to buy the island 0f Taikam to be used as a leper asylum. In making JAPAN-CHOSEN this contribution Mr. Wu Ting Changes in Ten Years Fang said: MR. FRANK L. BROWN, who is attending the WorId's Sun- "With regard to the cost of the day School Association in Tokyo, writes some of his impressions for land and other incidental expenses the Brooklyn Eagle. Among other things he says: for securing the island, which "The growing democratic spirit amounts to $5,000, I shall be glad of Japan is gradually prevailing against the influence of the two to pay it. In making this contribu- old clans which have controlled the military and general governmental tion I do not desire to have an in- policy of Japan for these years, and scription of my name as the pur- chaser. My principle is, if I am permitted to perform a good action, I do not expect any reward nor do I like it to be known." '

Watchman-E.mminer. the demand for universal suffrage

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

is being backed by riots, and the sian, he began to feel much simi- organization of various groups, to larity between his state of mind give the people a large voice. and that of Paul. His interest "Japan has just been passing grew, until he was ready to accept through a real financial and com- the faith which he had been so re- mercial panic. Fortunes have cently opposing. He made a con- shrunk, paper profits have dis- fession of faith, and is now telling appeared, idle vessell' are accumu- his friends about the step he has lating in the harbors, and there is taken; not an easy task, as his much unrest and a freer criticism father is a Shinto priest!

of public affairs by the press than The Presbyterian: formerly obtained. The nation is becoming sobered and while there Fire at the Tokyo Convention has been much violent criticism of ON OCTOBER 5th, the after- America here because of the Cali- noon of the day on which the fornia action and America's hand in the Siberian and Saghalin ques- W.orld Sunday School Convention tions and America's constant in- was to open in Tokyo, the great sistence on her policy of protec- hall, built especially to house the tion of the weaker nations where gathering, was burned to the aggression is attempted, there is a growing dispositon to look at .ground. Although a large chorus these questions from a broader of Japanese and foreigners were standpoint and to gain by the rehearsing in the building at the honest, sympathetic criticism of such men as Mr. Vanderlip, who time no lives were lost. The has left a distinctly good impres- cause of the fire is believed to be sion upon Japan by his American defective wiring. The building newspaper presentation of the was of wood and stucco and was present situation." erected to accommodate 3000 dele- gates and visitors. The conven:' tion assembled in the Y. M. C. A. which is the other large hall in Tokyo and seats less than 1500 Son of Shinto Priest Converted people. Subsequently a large muni- REV. Albertus Pieters, a mis- cipal theater was placed at the dis- sionary of the Reformed posal of the convention. Mr. John Church, wrote a series of articles Wanamaker was elected president for the Oita papers in regard to the Association for the ensuing the rule requiring school children four years and Mr. Frank L. Brown, to worship at Shinto shrines. Rev. General Secretary. H. Kuyper writes of a young man at Usuki whose conversion direct- Thirty countries are represented ly resulted from these articles. At in this large and important gathfirst he was much enraged, and ering, but on account of its being wrote an article in opposition. In held in Japan, Chinese and Kopreparing this article, however, he reans did not send accredited delebegan to realize that Mr. Pieters' arguments were founded on fact, gates. Fuller reports of the con- vention will be published in the REVIEW later.

and that his conclusions were right. This led him to go to an Chosen Christian College O evangelist at Usuki to borrow NE of the features of Chosen Christian College, Seoul, when some books on Christianity. Mr. Ohtsubo gave him Stalker's "Life completed will be a model village, of Paul" in Japanese. As he read where married students may bring of Paul's persecution of the Chris- their wives and families. The first tians and his subsequent conver- gift distinctly for this purpose has

been made by the Women's Mis- tering almost exclusively, and sionary, Society of the Canadian church offerings have to be Presbyterian Church. The Charles brought in produce instead of coin.

M. Stimson Building has been com- This often results in some con- pleted for class room purposes, fusion, as when chickens escape and funds are available for at from their owners before the offer- least two more main buildings. ing is taken. At one communion Two residences for faculty mem- service in the Elat Mission sevenbers have been erected and are al- teen people were requi~ed to bring ready occupied. Funds are also in the collection, pledged for five more residences.

Roads have been built throughout New Church at Dondi the greater part of the two hun- dred acre property, and large num- THE planting of a new native bers of trees have been planted. church at Dondi, the educational , The seventy students come from center of the West Africa Mission every province in Korea, Meth- of the American Board, February 1, odists predominating with forty- 1920,. marked the putting of' in- three. One is a non-Christian and creased responsibility upon native one a member of the Greek Church. leaders. Upon the day of the sec- ond communion service an inquirer, Korea Mission Field. past middle age, brought two -loads Annual Meetings of Missionaries of fetishes to be burned, and as the onlookers stood around the fire he 'THE annual meeting of the Pres- described them, one by one. Fre- byterian Mission North was quently he would remark: "It is all held in Seoul, June 20-30,. and that nonsense; I made that myself. The of the Southern Presbyterian in stuff inside is only dirt." On an- Xwangju, June 18-29. The subject other Sunday a rain doctor's out- which called for the most discus- fit was burned.

sion at both meetings was the edu- cational program, and as a result, Nationalism in Uganda larger plans were formulated for NATIONALISM is not confined aggressive work. The great prob- to Ireland, India 'and Egypt. It lem to be faced is that of adequate equipment and workers. is making its appearance in Ugan- The large attendance of young da, the heart of Africa. Rev, J. H. men at church services, the increase in gifts of the native church- Cook of the Church Missionary Soes, and the growing aptitude for ciety writes: native administration all indicate unprecedented opportunity for mis- "The rising generation of young sion work in, Korea. Large numbers of prisoners converted during Baganda, like youths who are just confinement in jail are now re- leaving school, are ambitious to use turning to their homes, and are their wings and to assert their inturning their enthusiasm for na- dependence. On the one hand, they tional freedom into spreading the are more than ever trying to ape the externals of European civiliza- Gospel. tion, with ludicrous effect so far as clothing and mannerisms go. Side by side with this superficial mimicry of the European there is ,AFRICA beginning to be a cleavage of racial ~fissionary Offerings interests and sympathies. This is not seen in the older Christians, but CURRENCY has become so is decidedly evident in the rising . scarce in some parts of Africa generation. It appeared in the dis- .that people have returned to bar- cussions of the synod, when the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ]027

younger tp.embers wanted more THE A Union Conference Among the Moros power, and were less willing to lis- first union conference of ten to experience or to their spir- some sixty Christian leaders in itual guides. It appears in a tend- the southern Philippines was held ency to the spirit that actuates last summer at Lake Lanao, Min- strikes among boys in our schools." danao, by Congregational and Presbyterian missionaries and PACIFIC ISLANDS Filipinos. About 90,000 Moham- Samoans D~line Self-Government medan Moros live on the shores of .this lake. These people are THE London Missionary Society now peaceable, and are sending has now been relieved of financial their children to American schools. responsibility in connection with The contact of the missionaries the Samoan Mission: As a natural and the Moros has a good effect on corollary of financial self-sup- both by bringing about greater mu- port, the Society was ready to tual respect and understanding. put the control of the Mission or- ganization in the hands of the The spirit of Christ in the Con- Samoans, but they themselves re- ference deeply impressed the jected this plan. There has been, Moros. This field offers a large . however, an extension of Samoan opportunity to some spirit-filled, tactful missionary worker. control. . A large number of Samoans GENERAL have undertaken service in the foreign field, and have rendered C. M. S. Increases Budget valuable service in various island groups, especially Papua, and in THE Church Missionat·y Society what was before the war German has taken a bold step in can- New Guinea. The Samoan Chris- celling last year's drastic restric- tian Endeavor Society for three tions on the sailing of missionaries years has supported a Chinese and the training of recruits, and in 'pastor among Chinese laborers on granting additional allowances to the plantations. missionaries and native workers in view of the increased cost 9£ living. George Brown Memorial This will mean that instead of the average annual contribution of THREE years ago the Meth- £400,000 of the past few years, odist General Conference of they will this year require no Jess Australasia decided to make an than £ 700,000. appeal for £ 5000 to establish in Sydney a Training Home for How Our Money Is Spent Women Missionaries, but stipulat- ed that no initial expenditure be MISS Edith Strauss, head of the incurred until two-thirds of the Women's Activities in the amount was in hand, War, fail- High Cost of Living Investigation ure of crops and increased living being conducted by the Department costs stood in the way of accom- of Justice, is authority for the plishment, but at last the Home figures showing the amount spent is an assured fact. In July, 1920, in the United States for luxuries. the opening ceremonies were held. The total amdunt spent annually The Home contains fifteen rooms, for candy is $1,000,000,000; for and has accommodations for ten chewing gum $50,000,000; for soft occupants, with the possibility of drinks $350,000,000; for perfumes provision for more. It is to be and cosmetics $750,000,000; for furs called "The George Brown Memo- $300,000,000 ; for violet soaps rial Training Home." $400,000,000 and for pianos, organs and phonographs $250,000,000, To- Australian Missionay Review. bacco users spend $2,110,000,000 for

their weed. While automobiles into prominence in connection with cannot strictly be classed as lux- a world tour of evangelism with Dr. uries, $2,000,000,000 annually is ex- R. A. Torrey. Later, he joined the pended in this direction. Is religious work receiving a reasonable evangelistic party of the late J. Wilshare of America's wealth? bur Chapman. He married Mis~ T·Findings of Leper Conference Cadbury, of Birmingham, England, HE Conference on Leprosy who was the founder and promoter of the Pocket Testament League. which met in Calcutta, India, Together, they have led hundreds of the early part of the year brought thousands of men, women and chilout encouraging indications as to dren to agree habitually to carry with the possibility of finding an ulti- them aNew Testament, and to read mate cure for the disease. Among a portion of it every day. Many the findings was the statement that thousands have also accepted Christ leprosy is very slowly contagious, under their leadership. and only through a long incubation period; mainly, it is thought, by Archdeacon Stnck of Alaska nasal discharge from the leper. Children are much more suscept- ON OCTOBER 11, the Rev. Hudible to the disease than adults. son Stuck, Archdeacon of the Gynocardate of sodium, and a new Yukon and missionary of the Protpreparation made by Lt. Colonel estant Episcopal Church, died at Sir Leonard Rogers from cod liver Fort Yukon, Alaska. He became faoil, are two new methods of treat- mous as the first white man to ascend ment being experimented with. It to the summit of Mt. McKinley, is hoped that it will be possible which he accomplished in 1913. before long to finance the services of a whole time medical research Archdeacon Stuck was born in worker, who can continue in- England in 1863, and came to the vestigations ina more satisfactory United States in 1885. After being way along these lines. graduated from the theological de- partment of the University of the The Conference is appealing to South at Sewanee, Tennessee, and the government of India for an ten years' service as Dean of St. amendment of the Leper Act, so as Matthews Cathedral at Dallas, Texas, to make possible the compulsory he went to Alaska in 1905, to become segregation of lepers; and if this associated with Bishop Rowe in misamendment is passed, the provin- sionary work. He traveled many cial governments stand ready to thousands of miles by dog sled and build and equip up-to-date asy- on foot in the interests of church lums for the lepers. work in the Yukon region. Some of his experience he has described in- OBITUARY NOTES terestingly in his two volumes "The Ascent of Denali (Mt. McKinley)," Charles M. Alexande.-Evangelist and "Ten Thousand Miles with a Dog Sled." FRIENDS in many lands have been shocked to learn of the death of Mrs. E. S. Hnme of India Mr. Charles M. Alexander, the well known singing evangelist, who passed Mrs. Edward S. Burne, miSSIOnaway in England on Tuesday, Octo- ary of the American Board in Inber 12, after a brief illness. Mr. dia from 1875 to 1907, died after a Alexander, who was fifty-three years long illness on August 6, at Clifof age, was a graduate of Maryville ton Springs Sanitarium, New College, Tennessee, and received his York. Mrs. Hume was in charge evangelistic training at Moody :Eible of the Girls' High School at Bom- Institute, Chicago. He first came bay for many years. (For the Missionary Library see page 1030)

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THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY BUY BOOKS Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer. By FOR CHRISTMAS Thomas D. Whittles. 12mo. 14S pp. 75c cloth, 50c paper. The THE MODERN READERS Missionary Education Movement. CALENDAR New York, 1920.

How would you like to begin the day When the church people of Bar- num, Minn., first saw Frank Hig- with this gins they were frankly disap- I bind upon myself today pointed. He did not look or act like a minister. But for this very The virtuEs of a starlit heaven, reason the men of the village and The glorious sun's life-giving fay, the "lumber jacks" were greatly The whiteness of t,he moon at even. drawn to him. The minister who had preceded him had not made a, or this success of the church in that lum- ber district. Frank Higgins was We believe too much in our own scare- a rough diamond who had been crows. untrained in the schools of men, but he was educated in the School or this of God. He had a great lieart and understood the temptations of the Sometimes people are so awfully good rough lumbermen, and he knew that their goodness hides them from other how to win them to Christ. To paoIlle. his mind. it was a question whether these men should become Price $1.00 Bolshevists, or Christians; wheth- er they should be filled with whis- :PREAMS AND VOICES key, or filled with the Spirit of God; whether their lips should Compiled by Grace Hyde Trine be more accustomed to profanity, or prayer. He visited lumber A collection of modern Mofiber and Ohild camps. was asked to come again. verse which. gi',ffi us hope for the enduring and finally gave up his church beauty and strong comtadship of family to devote his whole time to work life. Some contributors are: Robert Ser- in this neglected field. His life vice, .Josephine Preston Peabody. Henry was full of inspiring adventure VanDyke. Angela Morgan. Percy Mac- Kaye.

Price $2.00.

A WOMAN'S POINT OF VIEW: Some Roads to Peace by Harriet Stanton Blatch A record of facts with constructive con- clusion and a strong program for progress by one of America's foremos.t thinking women. The New York Tribune has said or it, ""A Woman's Point 01 View' is informed with so strong a conviction and so keen an intelligence that it is likeJy to make its way even against the common weariness."

Price $1.25 THE YOUNG WOMAN and of heroic self-sacrifice, and the CITIZEN story as told by Mr. Whittles con- tains. many stirring incidents writby Mary Austin ten in a way to appeal to young people. It is a book worth read- Thinking men as weH as women will wet~ ing. come a book which sets forth trustworthy guideposts for working philosophy of The Argonauts of Faith. By Basil citizenship. It is a brilliantly written Mathews. 12mo. $1.50. George discussion for all world citizens of the H. Doran Company. New York. 1920. responsibilities that are assumed with the right to vote, together with a compreh~n~ This is the story of the Pilgritr sive survey of the developments of the Fathers, with a foreword by Viscitizen from the age of the savage tribe to count James Bryce who recomthe present era. . mends the book most highly. It is an historical sketch which tells Price. paper $1.00, cloth $1. 75 the fascinating story of the Pil- grims, especially describing the TAMA: The Diary of a incidents gathered around the Japanese School Girl lives of William Brewster, John Robinson and William Bradford. by Florence Wells These men and women were per- secuted for their faith and some of Actually written from day to day in a mission school in .Japan. Tbe love story (Continued on page 1031) =~ll!~I~in!~~o~f.h~dg~~P~n:ega~nra~l to be "entertaiumented" by the "pidgin" English.

Price $1.00 BOOKSHOPS EVER¥WHERE or THE WOMANS PRESS 600 Lexin~ton Ave., New York City Please mention TH( MISSIONARY .REVIEW OF 1'HJt WonD in writing to advertisers

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY I (Continued from Page 1030) UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD their group were hanged in Eng- SERVICE land for advocating the right to worship God according to the dic- means tates of their own consciences. Mr. Mathews describes their flight FIRST- that we have the largest colfrom England to Holland and lection of original photographic negthence in the "Mayflower" to atives in the world. America. The book is especially appropriate for reading in connec- SECOND-every UNDERWOOD lantern tion with the celebration of the slide is made by direct contact with six hundredth anniversary of ~he the original negarive, thereby assurlanding of the Pilgrim Fathers. It ing uniform quality and definition on is well adapted for young people, the screen. at home or in the Sunday-school.

. The Founding of a Nation. By Frank THIRD-we can reproduce from your M. Gregg. 8vo. 481 pp. $2.25 net own negatives or photographs. with- George H. Doran Co., New York, out the slightest injury to them. slides 1920. of the high UNDERWOOD quality. The adventures of the Pilgrim Fathers in their flight from En- FOURTH-with our ample manufacturing gland and Holland, furnish a facilities we can execute the largest fruitful theme for histories, biog- orders promptly. with a guarantee of raphies and novels. This is a novel founded on these historical perfect satisfaction. records. The author has also made good use of the recently IN A WORD the UNDERWOOD SyS- discovered "History of tpe Pli- mouth Plantation" by WiUiam TEM combines all the elements that Bradford, the Governor of the Colony. constitute the VERY BEST SER- Chinese Heart Throbs. By Jennie V. ICE-the result of a study for 35 i Hughes. Introduction by Shih Mei Yii (Dr. Mary Stone). 12mo. years of the needs and wants of our 188 pp. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1920. patrons. '

These glimpses into the lives of ASK US about our lantern slide lecture Chinese women are given by the service, our Sunday School and head of the Knowles Training church material. our Travel System School in China. They are stories thru Bible Lands. of how Chinese girls and women come into contact with Christ, of The League of Nations Anthem. their sufferings and struggles, their hopes and fears. They let LET US help you solve your problem of one into the inner heart history illustrating any sermon or subject. of sisters of another race, and show the way in which life and SPECIAL OVERSTOCK OFFER- light have come to those who Ready Prepared Lectures accom- "sat in darkness." The ten stories are brief and will furnish entertain- panied by manuscripts. Selling Price ment and inspiration for half hours 1-3 less regular prices; also miscel- in sewing circles. Dr. Mary Stone. laneous. Stock sets of 10 to 25 slides the friend of Miss Hughes, is a well known Chinese physician who is :l priced less than cost. graduate of the University of Michi- gan and the head of a large hospital PROJECTION LANTERNS and Motion for women in China. Picture Machines to Meet Specific Requirements.

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JOHN BROWN COULD secure subscriptions for the MISSIONARY REVIEW. He had an attractive personal- ity. He was a splendid talker. He wasfsincere. He was devoted to missionary causes. He took a copy of the REVIEW under his arm and gathered in twenty:subscriptions in short order.'

We want more John Browns.

but TOM SMITH COULD NOT sell a magazine or anything else-or at least so he thought. He was timid, bashful; He disliked making new acquaintances. His health would not allow him to campaign as strenuously. as John Brown. But he too was sincere. He wanted to do his part for missions. He wanted to help introduce the REVIEW. He sent us the names ot ten prospective representatives in his own and other churches. Those ten representatives have already harvested thirty-five SUbscriptions for the REVIEW.

We need more Tom Smiths.

WHAT ABOUT YOU?

If you can not be a John Brown you can surely be a Tom Smith. Will you represent the REVIEW in your church~ Will you help us to secure suitable representatives in your own and other churches? Just cut off the balance of this page, fill it in and send it to us. We will do the rest.

The MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. Gentlemen:- I am glad to suggest the following persons as possible representatives for the MISSIONARY REVIEW. .'

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Name ………………………………. . Name ………………………………. . Address …………………………….. . Address ………………………………. . Clty…………………… State, ……… . City …………•.•……… State………. .

Name …………………. . ~ …………. . Name ……………….•…….••..••….. Address …………………………….. . Address …………………..•••••. of ••••• City…………………… Stat……….. . Clty………….. _……… State ………. .

Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . Name ……………………•….••••.•••• AddreBB …………………………….. . Addrees …………………………….. . City …………………… Stat•…•••••••• City …………………… Stat•••••••••••• Please mention THE MISStONAIlY R£vtEW or THE WonD in writing to advertisers Juat the Book lor a Gift to The Sunday School Times Teacher, Preacher, or Scholar Sa:ys: Ruth The Satisfied "IT is a spiritual treat to read this un- folding of the rich lessons in one of Stranger the beautiful little 'cameo' books of the By PHILIP MAURO Bible. Mr. Mauro knows how to dig deep, and bring up treasures from his Popular Edition, cloth, net, • • $1.25 digging. His trained mind and his mas- Gift Edition, Ooze call, net, • • 3.00 tery of clear writing hold the attention of the reader to an unusual degree. The THE beautiful story of Ruth has an supernatural type teaching in the history of Ruth, and in the inspired record of historical setting that bears a remark- that history, is clearly brought out. Of able likeness to the times through which special value at this time is the clear setthe world is now passing. It abounds ting forth of the real meaning of true moreover in rich spiritual lessons, and dem'ocracy. The author points out that contains the most complete of all Bible the only democratic era in the history of illustrations of REDEMPTION. The Israel was in the time of the Judges; and chapter on "The Nearer Kinsman" will he shows that the significance of that era be found of special interest to all lovers was that 'every man did that which was of Truth. right in his own eyes' (Judg. 21 :25)."

HAMILTON BROS., Ti~¥:r1~~~T 120 Tremont St., Boston, Mass.

$100.00 Montgomery Ward for Your Church· & Company Today's Housewife has helped churches allover the country Manufacturers and Exporters to raise funds in a refined, dig- of General Merchandise nified manner. Far superior to the usual, threadbare, tiring Have catered to the requirement. of supper, sociable or bazaar. Missionaries In aU parts of the world. Not a cent of expense or risk. for over 25 years. Write today for details, Church Aid Department, You are Invited Today's Housewife, to write for a OOpy of our larre Cataloc of ceneral Merc:handi!e and our spedal 100 Main st. Missionary Circular Cooperstown, New York We guarantee safe delivery anywhere MONTGOMERY WARD It: COMPANY Mi.uonary Bureau CHICAGO. ILL Please mention THlt MISSIONARY Rnn&w OF 'lH. WORLD in writinc to advertisers

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Could You Read (Continued from page 1031) With Your Hands? China, the Mysterious and the Mar- velous. By Victor Murdock Il- Thousands 01 blind must! lustrated, 310 pp, New York: F'~ming H. Revell Company. $10 will pay for a Tes- 1920. tament and $2 for a Gospel in blind type. The wrapper cover states that Souvenir verse free. the author has been editor, jour- F eJp us also give the n'llist, congres8man and is now Bible to immigrants, Chairman of the Federal Trade seamen and the poor. Commission, He has a wonderful eye for the picturesque, for the un- usual, and the romantic. He is the possessor d a graphic, facile pen Write us about Annuity and a captivating style. His think- Bonds ing is unfettered by precf'nceived notions, He has a veneration Eyery kinrl of Bible for sale: Scofield, for the truth and a love for the Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, artistic and the romantic." How Nel<on, at Special Discounts. careful the author has been to as- certain the tru'h is a question in Unhersal Bible Sunday, Dec. 5th. view of certain wild statements, such as his assertion that the av- No change in date. Free literature erage Chinese worker supports a NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY, family of six on a dolhr a month. Compare this proposition with 675 Madison Ave. (lllth year) New York ta bles in which the price of foods is given and multiply the minimum amount of fnod by 30 days, and six people, and two meals per day.

The We question, also, whether his Correspondence Courses style is "captivating" for discrimi- natin~ readers. of Regardless of America's entrance into Japan in 1854 and treaty of Union Bible Seminary 1857, he asserts that as late as 1859 that country was sealed; that is WESTFIELD. INDIANA foreigners were absolutely de- barred. Then Japan "suddenly Have been studied by over 1.200 minister•. breke loose, . . . she swiped the l1}.issionaries. Sunday School worker. and ancient Empire of China across the interested believers in the Premillennial face, and then trimmed the mighty Second Coming of Christ, SERIES I Russia with neatness and despatch, TWENTY LESSONS IN BIBLE PROPHECY and has since bepn trying to find covf'ring in a ~nera1 way Bibh.· L istory and Prophecy from GenBl:!is to Revelation.. the money to help pay the ex- penses of the picnic!' And so he SERIE.~ 11 rambles on as with his "graphic, facile pen and captivating style" he TWENTY LESSOl"S IN REVELATION describes "life along the Yangtse, An exceedingly plain and reasonable interpretation of this diffi· society, politics and brigandage, cult book. superstition and statecraft."

Ou,. M,.,hod.–Send One Dollar for either course, and a lesson sh"et will be sent to your addreAB weekly for 20 weeks. No further ('orreapondeJJCe nece sary, uuleSA you desire to ask QuestionlJ, for which no charg(' is made.

&am;nations are optional and charge 250.

Diploma. granted for satiBiactory remits. This volume is unworthy of a place in the select list of "Revell's Samplp.8.-The first shoot and proopeotUB of ruther couree Fifty Year Books!' sent rree on l'fIQuest. Studentsc8D begin at any time and can study singlvorin c1B"MB. The Bible and Missions. By Helen Pa.m-oJ't:; find it helpful to keep young people interested in Bible Barrett Montgomery. 12mo. 240 study. Address pp. $0,60 cloth, $0.40 paper. Pos- UNION BIBLE SEMINARY WESTFIELD, INDIANA (Continued on page 1036) Please mention THe MISSIONARY Rl!;VIl!;W 0-1 ·'J:RIC WORLD in writing to advertisers

Dr. Frank Crane says: "The most essential element in any home is God, but we are will- ing to do almost anything for God except to use Him. Yet the thought of God is the most practical of all thoughts. It solves problems, eases loads, unties hard knots, smooths out complica- tions. The God thought is the most deeply educational for chil- dren. Plan your day so that you will have a little while with God. Once in twenty-four hours reach up and touch the Infinite. It is well to do this alone. It is better to do this with your family.:'

EVERY MORNING, by Robert Cluett Former President of Cluett, Peabody g Co.

EVERY MORNING is a new "Home Religion" book-for individual or family devotional use. There is a prayer a day for three months, in harmony with the Bible reading for that day. Not more than five minutes is required for each reading and prayer. The choice of topics is a happy one; their arrangement offers a pleasing variety; the prayers are of a high order. Each page of Every Morning is printed in large size, easily read type. Mr. Cluett, a citizen of Troy, N. Y., has long been a leader in civic, religious. and philanthropic work. He is an elder of the Presbyterian Church, for many years was Superintendent of a Sunday School, and Teacher of an adult Bible Class. He has prepared this book of morning devotions with a degree of care and a knowledge of the use of Bible truths which warms the heart and quickens response.

CLOTH, $1.50 t » BOOKS WITH PURPOSE At Your Bookseller's W ASSOCIATION PRESS 347 Madison Avenue, New York Cash Missionaries, Pastors and Others for in touch with missionary work at home and ahroad, are invited to Pictures send us inter<sting photographs and news items relating to home and and foreign missions. For such photograph. accepted by the REVIEW News and accompanied by a brief description We will pay $1.00. Unused photograph. will be returned. The sender will be given credit for those used. For interesting and up-to-date news items relating to missionary work and accepted for publication we will pay $1.00.

Send to News and Picture Dept., Missionary Review of the World 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention TH:¢ MJSS10NARY RJ;V·Il~W OF 'tat WORJ.,D in writing to adverti~ers

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY New Map (Continued from page 1034) of the Postage 7c. Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Mis- NEAR EAST sions, West Medford, Mass. 1920. 30 in. x 42 in. Printed on map bond, in black, blue and red. This new united mission study text book is full of information, fascination and inspiration. Mrs.

Montgomery points out and inter- Full Mission Station information prets with her characteristc charm in inset; stations underscored on the missionary messages of the map. Bible, and then proceeds to tell of the wonderful results of Bi- Shows political boundaries since ble translation and distribution signing of Turkish Treaty. Rail- throughout the world. Under her roads up-to-date. skillful treatment statistics are not skeletons, but are clothed with Excellent for classes studying the flesh and have the breath of life. Near East. Noone can study this book with- Price $1.00 postpaid.

s. W. Boggs out being convinced that the Bible and the missionaries have been mu- 25 Madison Ave., New York tually essential to each other, and· both have been necessary to human s. Special edition for the Presbyterian ChUl ch in U. progress according to the divine .

A. may be ordered from Educationa1 Secretaty. p~.

Board of Foreign Mis!!IioDS. 156 Fifth Ave.• Nr:w Mrs. Montgomery not only re- York. Priee 75c.

ports the great facts as to Bible work, but tells many interesting incidents connected with its dis- tribution. Whereas it is estimated that 25,000,000 copies of Dickens'

works have been published since they first appeared seventy years ago, 35,000,000 copies of the Bible or Testaments were issued last year. The Bible surpasses all other "best sellers" in its circula- Prove tion. Missionary societies cannot That Y00 Can Hear! do better than to take up this in- teresting course of study. We do not expect those who are hard of hearing to take our word that the Acousticon will make Lamp Lighters Across the Sea. By them hear clearly once more-No one's word Margaret T. Applegarth. 12mo. should be taken for that. We do expect, $0.35 paper. $0.60 cloth. M. H. however, that for their own individual satisfaction, Leavis, West Medford, Mass. 1920. before giving np in discouragement, they will perInit us to loan them the This is the junior study book on Bible work in the world. It is 1920 Acousticon well written and adapted to Sun- day-schools and Mission Bands.

For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL Miss Applegarth has selected and retold many interesting stories NO DEPOSIT-NO EXPENSE 400.000 delighted users have given us this per- about the Book. mission to their relief and profit. Most of thPID had tried many other aids and treatments with.. Jewels from the Orient. By Lucy S. out avaiJ—-;but the Acousticon has patented feat.. Bainbridge. 12mo. 125 pp. Flemures which cannot be duplicated. So disregarding ing H. Revell Co., New York. l~:t~i.ast experience'i, write for ~ free triaJ 1920.

Dictograph Products Corporation Mrs. Bainbridge, who has been 1447 Candler Buildin.., New York (Continued on page 1037) Please mention THlC MISSIONARY Rlevntw 0" YRlC WORI.D in writing to advertisers

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Why Not Learn How to (Continued from page 1036) Teach While Learning intimately conected with missions. What to Teach?

in America, has also enjoyed the You can. You can have the expert help of a teacher of teachers, on every week's Sunday privilege of two journeys to the school lesson, in learning a fundamental teach- ing principle, illustrated and applied in teach- Orient. In these tours she gath- ing that very lesson.

ered information about missionary This unique lesson help appears every week in The Sunday School Times exclusively. It ewntoarlk~. and the life, stories of Ori- is prepared by Prof. Charles Calvert Ellis, These incidents and stories A. M., Ph. D., Vice-President and Professor of Education, Juniata College, Huntingdon, she tells to show what Christ is Pa. doing for these peoples. They are It brings to the teacher, every week, a plainly on such subjects as: "The Old stated fundamental principle 01 teachlng–B law recognized and used by modern education Lady Pilgrim from Hakone Moun- at its best, and shows how to apply that princi- ple in the lesson for that week. This is Teacher tain (Japan); "Sister Lotus, with Training of the most practical sort.

Split Tongue" (China) ; "She You will find your Bible study and teaching made easier and more interesting as you follow Would Not Dance" (Burma): and use the sound "learning and teaching" principles in this easily used form by one whose "The Family Treasure Box (In- lifework is education-hut education in the service of Him whom he rejoices to call Saviour dia). They are stories with point and Lord.

and purpose, and well suited for Every issue of The Sunday School Times con- tains thirteen other unique helps on the Interillustration or for reading aloud at national Improved Uniform Lessons, the finest series ever offered to the Sunday school world; mis'sionary meetings and sewing graded for different ages, yet binding the entire home and school together in Bible study. But . circles. all this is in only one department of A Pioneer of New Guinea. By Rev. Thousands of readers take the paper for its Edgar Rogers. 12mo. 3 shillings Editorials and Open Letters, its masterly arti- cles on Archreology, Missions, Ways of Work- net. S. P. C., London. 192p. ing, and its spiritual food and Victorious Life messages. Albert Maclaren was a pIOneer missionary of the Church of Eng- Remember also that The Sunday land who went out first to Australia in 1877 and then to New Guinea ten years later. Cannibalism and native warfare had to some extent come under the control of Christian principles and practices, but the pioneer work was fraught with hardship, danger and difficulty. The life is not so rich as that of James Chalmers, the "Greatheart" of New Guinea, but Mr. Maclaren was a man full of vigor and he had some in.teresting experiences. The story is written for boys, but is not told in a way that is likely to attract them.

School Times and its writers belie'IJe Education of Girls in China. By Ida and teach the whole Bible as the ~V>' Belle Lewis, Ph. D. Pamphlet. $1.20. Teachers' College, New inspired, infallible Word of ",'" <:P York. 1919. God, and the shed blood of eP~ '.o~ Dr. Lewis' thesis is not adapted to the general reader, but is worthy Jesus as the only but 17 of the attention of students of edu- 0<1' cational missions on foreign fields. sure way of salva- The study includes many statistical tion. ,,/'> tables' made up from educational reports, and facts quoted from ..# 0 ~~~THE Chinese documents. Dr. Lewis 11rst describes the ancient Chinese SUNDAY SCHOOL ~ TIMES COMPANY 1031 Walnut 5•• , Philadelphia, Pa. ~c~~~ ~" G-~V For the 25 cen tB enclosed please Bend 0<0' tbeSunday SchooJ Times for 10 weeks to .

Name………………………………. .

(Continued on page 1038) Address …………………………… ..

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THE MISSIONARY

( Continued from page 1037) I Latest ~t:f~~m Titles The Roeal Christ R. A. Torrey, D.D. education for women, and in con- Author oj "Fundamental Doctrines 0/ the Christian trast, the modern ideas and meth- Faith." ods. "For over 990 girls out of Witb rare spiritual discernment and with a deep intui- every thousand girls in China totive appreciation of the character of the Master, Dr. Torrey bas drawn a series 01 ma~h"rly and unforget- day education means obedience to table portraits of the maD Christ Jesus. 1;;1110. Net. $1.75 older members ()f the family, and Everybody's World Sherwood Eddy sreeqlfu-etrsatisn."ingDtro. compliance with all Lewis recommends While Imaginary I these new stories of the Christ are ml!ol!donary the autbur lay~ on our hearts the burden of a definite program to secure uni- . the crying neE>d of the nations. America's duty in the present crisb is defined witb convincing clearness. . versal school attendarice in govern-, Net, $1.90 Four HUherto Unpublbht>d Gospdr. ment or mission schools. Voca- Rrr; Wm E. Barton, D.D tional training is also advocated. Author oJ ··The 5.,,,1 oj ""',ruh"m f";nl"Oln" and practical education in branches While Imaginary. tbe~e new stories of tbe Christ are based on the New Testa:npnt rpl'ord and have great especially adapted to her enVironvalue and lnterest for the student of tb~ GOS1)~1~ ment. 12100. Net. 11.50 Story Worship Programs luJ.' tbe Cburch School year Rp. Ja, S SIDwell. M ". Mexicans and Spanish America::!.s in the United States. A Study pre- A Aeries of Ideal devotional programN for boy~ and pared by Jay S. Stowell. ParnfJhgirls covering evelY Sunday in thp Cburrb Schonl year. let. Home Missions Council. New Contains tbe material and suggt!stions wbich Junior aDd York. 1920. Intermediate workers have long wantc-d "Spanish Americans" constitute a 121110. Net. 11.50 special problem to missionary wI'rkers. Their characteristics, Ian.;. The Llle and Leiters o' St. ,.aul guage, customs and religious ideas are different from those of other . Ii"". florid S,nith. D.D. dasses. This study recognizes t1,e .4u,hor oJ ··Th" I)""" "I II,,. F'1,Hh u peculiarities of 1.1,000.000 inhabi- tants of the United States, and pre- This monumental Ufe of the great AIJO)ltlt' pre)lents tbe sents the facts concerning their rf!lo!ult!ol of arr'haeologifal nmling!ol and pl('bolarly tnv..stl· 1'00·erty. morals, illiteracy. re1;gion gallom~ or the pa~t two del'ades. Ol'tBvO with ~prl'·)01 .,1 and their l1e('d for American Chrisbtonutlful new maps in ~ol(jr Xt't. IU.IIO tian edu•.'atiul1. Must uf the space is devoted t() J study of the mission The Menace 01 Immorality In Church Sl houls among then;. The pam ph- It l closes with recommendatiuns for and Slate lip". J.,I", I( S,r.rUm. D D. a more com pit'll' allutment uf re- l'mUf_r (:,tI,,,.r,, R~,p'i"r Ch,,,,,'h ,.iplr "o~k spon~ibility. a union training school fOJ t'1'<tl}g('lical ministers, more Is Am~rka being destroyed like Am'lent Gre~(1't> And good literature and more adequate Rome by rmmuraUty? 1s the Fltartttng qu~~tton rat~~d religious instruction. IIlusl,·all·d. :['t. 11.7;; by Dr. Str.toD.

Tbe AI gonau.s of Faltb H…;t .unlit_I<'. ,,,,,,,, HrH'e. Au",." ,,/, Wi,h a Foreword fFt J,'h:'U.· ,".,",{itH,,.r" "/~;1'inl4l"O'i The advpntureR of the "Mayflower" Ptlgrtms told t()f young pe-oille. A mo~t complett! and ral:wlnalln~ story "'lIb colored IllUstrations and maps X'('l. SJ.i)t) T·be Found in g ..I aof",ah,l.lPoinrllr;msFranh IW G r. ." .

'"' Ston P1rtures with fascinattng gktll one of thE' mo~t <:.1~n(ft­ cant and eporhAI emigrations In tbe ble:tor} of mHn's flP8rC'h for individual liberty, Xct. 52.!!;) Talks to ~und"y "cbool Teach.. rs I,utlwr,of Wpillle The aCf"ompUshed author of "The Pupil and the Tearn· er" ("arrle~ on in thl~ new volume a continuatinn or his pkiIlful trearmento( teaching problems. Xct. 11.2:> h" Th~ Lord 01 Lite aod Ileatb Rev. J. D. Jones World Survey. Two voh'mes, Foreign _'ul.hdr of (l Mall Di.f!·· and Home. 4to Illustrated. Inter- church World Moveme't. 1923. The Expo!';itory Timt'~ Ray~ of thls F.xposl1ion of the Miraf'le of the raising ·of. Lazarul'1. "Here Is a volume These are the revised preliminary of purf> f'XJlO~itiOD the like of whkh we have heen told editions of the Interchurch Survevs. 1 We FlhouTd nfOver again ~f'e ,. X('u· Edition. N(~t. 11.:>0 They are natur811y very incomplete IJlble 1ypes u. Modern Men but they are graphic and impressive. They are very fully illustrated with 11"1" W. ''''ad..ir,tosh Murkay.. B. D. charts and maps, They are espec- Author of nTh", 1li.'wfI.ocP ""d R"IIJPuy uf Sin'· ially useful for editors and speaken.

In the~e tn~pirtng t{'rtures to young men Doctor Markay who know how to use incomplete drawB a series of rharaf'tf'r portl'ait~ of men 01 tOllay surveys to impress the need for the Gospel and the progress of missions. who~e qualities parallel those of the great mf'n of the B;hlp. :('" Edllioll. Xct. 11.15 Bible Types of Moder •• W·omen R"t,. W. ""'ul'kinfmch Mnckay. B. D. A"thor of hRiMp T·p~." "t Modprfl Men~· A series of lE'cturE's to young wornpn on Bible women and thpir mOfIt"rn PXf'mpiflrS X.·w I·:dliioll. X(lt. 11.7:> GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madi~on Avenue, New York P,:,bUahera in America for Hodder & Stoughton.

Please mention TuJt MlSSIOJilAlty. R.F;vucw 01' THI WORI.D in writing to acNertiser&

If You Were to Die Tonight What would become of your family? What would become of your estate? What would become of your good intentions to fur- ther the work of Christ's Kingdom?

If You Had Purchased Life Annuity Bonds Your family would have a stated income. Your estate would be automatically settled. Your good intentions would be fuJly realized.

For full infonnation send a postal card tu George M. Fowles. Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions anI Chuch EK- tension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

"Oh! For a Thousand Tongues CHRISTMAS to Sing EXTRAORDINARY My Dear Redeemer's Praise" Get EARTH'S GOLDEN DA Y- (The birthday of the Prince 01 Peace) A practical way of fulfilling for your Sunda.y S<>bool or Young this desire is offered through Peuple's ChriqtmUB Se:viC'e and you T~e American Christian :n~ha:t' ~:~~~~'. im~~J.!Vt·b~~:~ .Literature' Society for Mos!ems George 0, Wehster; music by J, H. RFV•.IAMUEL M. lWEMER, D. D., of Cam., p,.,H1.nl Jiillmore, Sa.mple sent tor 4 2-C'.cnt 8tn.mps. lt wil1 he worth the price if G' ROBERT E. SPEER. of ~·e·.f' York. Vic=e.P·e.idenl YlJU use but one song or exercise [rom it. DELAVAN L PJERSON, New York, Vice.Pte.ident Give Us your addr6S~ (or otherS Islam does not see the glory intAreo;;ted, a'ld WP wilt roMf fret" a n!'w of the Incarnation, the Atone- catalog' of C'hristm'ts services, cantatas, i"4,dtatl0:1S and diaJu~, 8010s. duets, ment and the Holy Trinity. and tric)A, quartets for wome'l's voices. also denies the integrity of the mt'n's voices, and anthr;,InS for mixed Scriptures. voices, 'There is, however. a new spirit HYMNS FOR TODAY. a new 1920 of inquiry everywhere and hymna.l for Sunda.y school a.nd ("hureh, Mohammedans are eager for cllHt,ain~ 20 rhr;stmas hymn~ and two C'hr'stmas sl'rvief> programs, Sampltj the Christian message. copy sent for exa.minatiun. Orches- The Literature published by trated. the Society is evangelical and I [r inter….t,t'( in Aunday School orchesadapted to the Moslem mind. tra musi~. you should know what we It goes even where no mission- have ',ur yuu. Write. aries are allowed.' .

II',. Fund,. ,,,,.,,prtll.v tI.-ed"d to prPflrh 'hI" Gnflfppl 'f' 10 Unl"III.n&Ma"1f throuiJl, ,1'0 ",.inlHl IJU/l8 FILtMORE MUSIC HOUSE .~PII" sift,.

MRS. E. E. OLCOTT. Tr••••r… 3ZZ We.. 75th St.. Ne.. York 527 Elm St. Cincinnati. O.

"'~r1te for Inrormatlon tn MRS. IA11F.S MONTr.011ERV,Se~'…y Rnx881l. New YOl"k Cit, Plc:ase mention TuJt .MISSIONARY R.&VI£W Oi' 'lB. WORLD in writing to advertise…

A WORLD AT WAR!

A WORLD AT PEACE!

In Both Cases It Needs Foreign Missions No Other Agency so Greatly Fosters INTERNATIONAL GOOD WILL and WORLD FELLOWSHIP The Church has the Message and the Power to go with it. Messengers are needed.

The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Calls for FIRST. ORDAINED MEN. The war lessened the number of Theological Students in the United States. We are ready to send Every Suitable Man. We must have First Class Men.

They are the great Evangelizers and to take only one instance, from Japan comes the startling statement:-"Today there are fifteen million more unevangelized people than there were when our ·Protestant Missionaries nrst arrived in Japan some sixty years ago."

SECOND. ED UCATORS. Both Men and Women for Grammar, High School and College. We need thoroughly prepared and e.xperi- .enced teachers. At Teheran, Persia, our Girls School is "scarcely ,able to hold its own, and this at a time when the Persians are very keen on education. Applicant after applicant turned away," for lack of equipment and teachers.

THIRD. DOCTORS. (both men and women) and Nurses. "Closed hospitals in Korea are sending out mute appeals for the guid- ing hands wmch will make the effectual instruments in the advance- ment of the Kingdom."

FOURTH. AGRICULTURAL WORKERS. India, SouthAmerica China and other lands are calling for them.

ALL OF THESE NEW RECRUITS must be: Missionary first and above all. Thoroughly equipped, of sound physical health, able to work well with other people, approximately between 25 and 35 years of age.

Write to the CANDIDATE DEPARTMENT PRESBYTERIAN. BOARD of FOREIGN MISSIONS 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention THlC MlSSlONAllY REVlltW 01' 'tHlt WORLD in writing to advertisers

Spent Much of His Time'

. trainin~ the chi1dren of Israel in the rules of health.

Witness the longevity of the Hebrew race in spite of untoward circumstances.

The duty of the. church in adopting Sanitary Commup.ion Cups is imperative. In this for- ward step will "the " cliurch be mindful of its own.

The Sanitary Communion Outfit Company provides a tasteful and' inexpensive service; the noiseless, • highly polished wooden trays for. :the clips being; in .,keeping w~th .. church furniture. The Outfit adds to the beauty, solemnity. and •• repose of the Communion Service. ;:.

A Conservator of Health:· Make your communion service: not alone an uplifting of the spirit;: of your community but a rear'· conservator.of the health of your:. people.

Send for free descriptive booklet with catalogue and prices.

NOTE–In many States me laW-now fQrblda Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communioh 600 57th Street ili~i~· yJ~rs~~dl!2ai~;. n7h~~ ~t;~! ~~~~nhris~1an~nh:~!t~~rain~')~~mt~~~ Rochester, N. Y.

of communion for this very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern. liIanitary communion cuP. let this be one of your first forward steps in 1920.

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Maclaren's Expositions Of HOLY

at One Third Less With Five Days' Examination Privilege to Missionary Review Readers 'I'IIis is a oet of boDks which you will prise iD ~he using; these with your Bihl. and your own fundamentallmowledge of things humaD and Divine, =ri!:." ewiiilDl.,,…a;rdid..e..8..).iiritTuha1eyan_d1llIIIrOIJDrIeadI..1.o.. .t and drink for yourself and those who look to you for spirilual leaching and uplift. Examine ~hem. Send 110 mOIl- you.~. priee now impossible to duplicate. The paper woe bough~. lhe printing and bindiog eODtraetod for long you may haTe ODe of the remaioiog seta .t • price I… by 30 per cent than "ha~ Ibis monumeotal_k ooId .1 in ita original and mora IS YOUR WORK EFFICIENT? tn… In a c tivdial)l'"looufehCghrueracthem~npiluluaiatii.obneinthgapiafeaielduruepoonf the moohoDiclaIan4 … • the real object of ~he ciaI ChUl'llh'8 miooIOOl is tntoned. Safoty agajnot ou.h. ClllUditionis provided only in the higheot spiritual equipment of preacher ct _ Tlte ~1riIIlollo1r ~otiol 101Ixed.and welHoteblishedJlOjDcipI… The money 10 equip and "ark the machinery of an active Chllreh 1Iilloome I'rMlJ ftoJa.•lIOOPie ftO 0111 "&ive a reason for lhe hope" that i. in them.

WHICH pAr"R'E~haTo hHoeEn of SUCCESSFUL CHURCHES? t. type thero have heen endur~inrg ~.too.orD'. ::Mo!od~!!,:C..H~.~8":.,W.–, =G.

that "h…. Ihe the EvaDgelicai expository c..;.II"-J PI/wr,'. B.'M….., J. H. Jowett. Ai<J;.1Ukr Mad6ren, Gmp. F. PenIeeoll .ndmaoYmore …..onopicuoue …….. plea. lilt aoI..otii , not OOle o!these men depended upon so-called timely Ioptcs or .,..ys-!,;;t rather on omphaais U)lOll the toadJt. i…. af … Word of God. . • JOUIt .OIUROI? ~ The _on of. tho Church is not I!, J!' into ..live competition along parallel lines with 1M theam, &he Tor , . '£..~thepO~o==":.=i!~~:.:PP::u~~=f~~:a.OU~d~~=–toC; . . . ito _is…..l. The…,…. o(your chur.h .. eTerY Church is in the effectiven… ofth. pulpit…..ace–iD. ~..~ ". ~,~ _bing and _hing of the Word of God-ou.h preaching and tosebingas MaelareD'… . Read lhese Sixteen AuthoritatiVe Opinions of lhis Greal Work Tbe Record of Cluiatt.. Work; or priceless value to m.InIaters and Bible Btudenta allke.

The Chrlftl.. Intelligencei'; to ~i~=l~:~=&8~m:~:: mental aohievetaeml The Brltl.h . . . .r,.; rela~ '!sa¥fr.~acl: ~ve~r:= :n~'f!t~1!:. DromlDeIlCe ~he reallY Tbe OUtlook. (New York) TbeIe volumes are .. ~ 6r tbouCbt lor all "110 study ~o Barl.,.

turOB.

ThDer.BMaapctllaartenM. a'uC"ol;OBlU.- _ _ upon be bUltopo or ImporWlee.

n;ow~=llth::dC;fOWld clearer, r:l:,"'!~O"'~t.~~~ ~~~t .-._._.. _._… _—_._——– trotbB In 1&0_0. .

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