The Missionary Review of the World — July 1939

1939

The "Moksa" Goes to the Country Shannon McCune When a Mission Became a Church Alexander H. Kemp Rural Youth of the Church Today H. S. Randolph Spain Today and Tomorrow By a Wayfarer Politics and Religion in Albania Phineas B. Kennedy Liberty and Religion in Red Russia F. J. Miles Forty Years' Progress in Latin America Webster E. Browning 25 Cents a CoP1 $2.50 a Yeat'

D.tes to Remember WORLD FRIENDSHIP — FIRST

June 24-July I-Eagles Mere Confer- IIJUST LIKE YOU II ence of Missions. Chairman, Mrs. Earl Breeding, 24 Rugby Lane, By LUCY W. PEABODY Scarsdale, N. Y. 196 pages, a picture on every page. Children love it···Libraries need it. June 28-July l7-Erieside Conference for Girls and Young Women. Wil- PEACE AND GOOD WILL DEPEND UPON IT lowick, Ohio. Special Price, $1.00, Postpaid July 3-10-Northfield Missionary Con- ference for Women and Girls. East Order from MISS M. H. LEAVIS, 186 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, Mass. Northfield, Mass. For information, address Mrs. Warren C. Taylor, 38 Obituary Notes of seventy. For thirty years he had Union Ave., Schenectady, N. Y. held administrative positions in the Mr. Russell Carter, who retired Illinois Synod and the United July 6-11 – International Christian two years ago after serving forty Lutheran Church. He retired from Endeavor Convention, Cleveland, O. years as treasurer and Assistant active service in 1936 after having Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board served as Secretary of English Mis- July ll-August 16 – Winona Lake of Foreign Missions, died in Pitts- sions of the Board of American Mis- School of Theology. Winona Lake, burgh, Pa., April 29, at the age of sions for eighteen years. Ind. Dean, Dr. J. A. Huffman, 302 72. Mr. Carter had also traveled Morton Blvd., Marion, Ind. *** • • extensively in foreign lands. July 22-28-Baptist WorId Congress. The Rev. Albert Oltmans, former Atlanta, Ga. • secretary of the American Mission to Lepers, died June 12th, at Yokohama, July 2l-30-'-Erieside Annual Summer Rev. George F. Jenkins, formerly at the age of eighty-four. Bible Conference. Willowick, near Cleveland, Ohio. a Presbyterian missionary in China, He was born in the Netherlands, and came to the United States when a July 24-August 2-World Conference died April 6, in Kansas City, Mo. In youth: He was graduated from Hope of Christian Youth, Amsterdam, 1903, Mr. Jenkins went to Hunan un- College, Holland, Mich, in 1883, and Holland. der the Cumberland Presbyterian from the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1886. That year he went August 30-Sept. 2-National Rural Church; and later transferred to to Japan as a missionary for the Re- Forum. Penn State College, under the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., formed Church in America. He re- the auspices of the American Coun- stationed first at Changteh and then tired from active service as a mis- try Life Assn., Dr. Benson Y. sionary fifteen years ago and took up Landis, Executive Secretary, 297 at Taoyuan, where he established an his work as secretary of the American Fourth Ave., New York. Mission to Lepers in Tokio. Recently, • orphanage. • • the Japanese Government decorated August l-lO-Erieside Conference for Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason, au- him for his work among lepers. Boys and Young Men. Willowick, thor of more than twenty volumes of Ohio. short stories, travel and religious Aug. SolO-Ninth Quadrennial Con- books, died recently. She was the vention of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of Af- widow of Dr. John H. Mason, a pro- Personal Items rican Methodist Episcopal Zion fessor in Rochester Theological Sem- Church, Detroit, Mich. inary.

August l3-2O-Geneva Summer School The Rt. Rev*. R*ob*ert Lewis Pad- of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. For information write to Mrs. Paul dock, retired Bishop of the Protestant Rev. William C. Kerr, of Seoul, H. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey Episcopal Church, died in Clifton, Korea, has been appointed to the fac- Ave., Oak Park, Ill. N. Y., on May 17 after a long ill- ness. He was born December 24, ulty of the Imperial University in Sept. 2-4-Erieside Business Women's Conference, Willowick, Ohio. 1869, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and was Seoul, to teach Latin and English ordained as Missionary Bishop of Literature. Because of this connec- DO YOUR S.S.PAPERS Eastern Oregon, in 1907. He retired tion he has been able to start an Eng- ~ in 1922. **• lish Bible Class among university stu- BIBLE TRUTH? Rev. William B. Millar, D.D., for- dents. **• ~~ COUNCll. ~ FIDES – For Young· People merly General Secretary of the New Dr. William Webster Hall, Jr., of York Federation of Churches, died on New York and Sofia, Bulgaria, has May 30 in New York City as a re- been called to the presidency of the sult of a stroke, at the age of 73 College of Idaho. His experience in years. Dr. Millar was born in Lake Mills, dealing with educational pioneering Wis., in 1866. After his graduation was gained in the Near East first at from Lawrence College, Appleton, Robert College, and then in the Ameri- Wis., he became a Y. M. C. A. secre- tary at LaCrosse and later was Sec- can College in Sofia. He is the retary of the International Committee author of numerous magazine articles (1896-1910). He was a founder of and books. the Army and Navy Department of *** Mr. P. O. Philip who has been for the Y. M. C. A. in which he did excel- some years Secretary of the National lent pioneer work. He was General Christian Council of India and one of Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary the Editors of the N. C. C. Review has Movement and later of the Inter- resigned as Secretary to take up work church World Movement. Dr. Mil- in connection with the Mar Thoma lar is survived by his widow and three Syrian Church whose interests have daughters and a son. always been very dear to him. His *** home will be in Travancore, South India, and he is expecting to be a reg- Dr. John F. Seibert, for nearly a ular contributor to the N. C. C. Re- half a century an active home mission view. 1502 N. Third St. Harri.bare, Pena. worker in the United Lutheran (Concluded on page 337.) Church, died April 19th at the age

MISSIONARY HOW TO EDUCAT'E

REVJEW OF THE WORLD YOUR CHILD At Home. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Calvert's wor1d~famou8 home study plan fives superior VOL. LXII Nos. 7-8 education to thousands of children not near good schools JULy-AUG., 1939 t or unable to attend school. Complete courses for each Publication and Business Office- grade from Kindergarten to High School. All books. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. materials and teacher gl.!idance included. En- t~lUsias:ical1y endorsed by educators and parents. Editorial and Executive Office– Low cost. Vrite today for free catalog. State 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. child's age, Entered as second-class matter jt CALVERT SCHOOL, 187 E. Tnscany Rd., Bahim.re, Md. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. all the missionary societies. It can 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. do for these societies what no one of Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. them can do for itself." All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. JOHN R. MOTT, British agents – Marshall, Morgan . and Scott, 12 Paternoster' Buildings, Chairman, International London, E. C. 1 shilling per COpy, Missionary Council. 10 shillings a year. *** MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. "My congratulations on the splen- BOARD OF DIRECTORS did issue of THE REVIEW on home ROBERT E. SPEER, President A. L. W~RNs;auIS, Vice-President missions." (June, 1939). W ALTIllR,.' McIlouGALL, Treasurer KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Professor of Missions and Or-iental History, Yale PAUL J ..; B.RAISTED· University.

S~UEL'MCCREACAVERT *** D.J. FA-NT""'" . "I have taken occasion to go through MRS. ORRIN ,R.' JUDD the latest issue of THE REVIEW and it wM.. B. LIPPHAllD has brought back to me what a very ERIC M. NORTH able and worth-while publication it SAMUEL M. ZWIilMER is; indeed it has appealed to me so Only 10 swift days direct to Yokohama when you sail by much that I am starting to subscribe Empress to the Orient. Only 3 more days to visit lovely Editorial (.hat over again. The only reason I dis- Hawaii en route by Empress oj continued my subscription was that I lapan, largest and fastest liner This July-August number includes on the Pacific, or Empress oj two summer months when many read- have so many magazines coming to Canada. From California ers are away from home and when ports connect at Honolulu. most local church activities are less. my desk that it is simply impossible The articles in this issue will be of Frequent sailings from both great interest and many are particu- even to scan them all, and in a Scotch Vancouver and Victoria to larly readable for summer mission Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, circles. spirit one day I decided .that I must Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. economize." ,. Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL *** AGENT or Canadian Pacific: DR. GEORGE W. ARMS. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. The Foreign Missions Conference at Swarthmore, Pa., (July 9-16) comes Bedford Presbyterian Church, too late to include a report in this number. It has been unusual in set- BrookLyn, N. Y. up, in interest and importance-fol" lowing the Madras Conference and Personal Item, planning to make the most effective use of the re~ults of that 'con:l;erence. (Concluded from 2d cover.) Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, former Education Secretary of the Student Vol- Dr. Wilbert W. White has resigned unteer Movement, and Dr. Herrick from the presidency of the Biblical B. Young, Personnel Secretary of the Seminary in New York, with the title presbyterian Board, are to report and Founder and Honorary President of evaluate this Foreign Missions Con- the Seminary. His brother, Dr. J. ference in the September number of . Campbell White, will act as president THE REVIEW. Look for this report. until a successor has been secured. *** *** Recent letters have contained the following comments on THE REVIEW Mr. James Stark, Mr. M. Hardman and its value: and Miss R. E. Oaskeshott are retir- ing after fifty years of service in the "After all is said and done, THE REVIEW seems indispensable, although China Inland Mission. I know of no otbers of this mission who subscribe for it. But I want it Mr. E. K. ** * a misand that's the reason for this check. I've been a patron for more than Higdon, formerly thirty years, with some time carelessly skipped." sionary in the Philippines under the REV. JOHN C. FINEFROCK, United Christian Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church Mis- has been elected to a foreign secre- sion, .Guntur, .India. taryship in that Society.

*** The Rev. * *R. * Associ- "THE REVIEW exists primarily to Jesse Wilson, further in every way the program of ate Scretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society connected with the Home Department, has been transferred from the Pacific Coast office at Los Angeles and is now in the same department in the main of- fice, New York. Dr. Wilson was for- merly a missionary in Japan and later the general secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

[887 ]

"MOKSA" (DR. WM. N. BLAIR) REMOVING HIS SHOE COVERS ON LEAVING THE CHURCH. (THE MEN USE ONE

AND WOMEN THE OTHER) INTERIOR OF THE CHU)'tCH AND AUDIENCE-(TWO JAPANESE DETECTIVES IN THE CENTER FOREGROUND) GDiNG TO CHURCH IN KAICHUN, 'CHOSEN

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LXII JULY-AUGUST,1939 NUMBERS 7 AND 8 Topies of the Times ARE FORCIBLE CONVERSIONS POSSIBLE? only by a long process of training after a conquest. The Soviet rulers of Russia are attempting to con- At times the objection is raised that Christian vert the people to atheism by force; they are not missions attempt to bring about the conversion of succeeding and can only succeed by a long procmen by bribery or force. It is possible by such ess of atheistic education. In Nazi Germany, means to change a man's vote but not his convic- propaganda, national ambition and false teaching, tions. are being used to overthrow faith in the supreme authority of God as revealed in Christ and the Many means are used to turn men from one Bible. There are multitudes of German Chrisfaith and loyalty to another-military force, tians whom these motives do not sway. money, threats, promises, falsehood and ambition. Mahatma Gandhi has tried, with some temporary How long will it take Japan, by the use of success, to force Indian people by his fasting to bombs, machine guns and terrorism to win the accept his program. His most recent self-im- friendship and cooperation of the Chinese? Only posed fast to convert Thakore Sahib of Rajkot, unworthy men succumb to unworthy motives. apparently gained his point; he now says that it resulted in his defeat. Gandhi's opponents were Intelligent Christians realize that men and not convinced and their purpose was not changed, women cannot be truly won to Christ by bribery, therefore they plan to destroy the effect of the fear or force. One might as well attempt to cause a child to be loving and obedient by continued decision in Gandhi's favor. spankings, by threats or by gifts of candy. Men The transmutation of metals, or the conversion are led to consider the claims and character of of one substance into another of apparently en- Christ by the offer of economic advantages such tirely different elements, was formerly considered as provided by the Grenfell Mission, by medical an idle dream. Today such marvellous changes service like that of Dr. Schweitzer's hospital in are conceded! to be in the realm of science. The Africa, or by such secular education as is offered changes wrought in human nature by the power of in many mission schools and colleges. These God are still more wonderful. This has been methods of work may affect their attitude but proved in countless instances, as in the conversion affect no real change of heart. Jesus Christ, when of Jerry McAuley, the "River Thief" of New York, on earth, won men by the revelation of His heart and of Africaner, the "Hottentot Terror" of of love, by the truth that He taught, and by the South Africa. light of Life that shone out through Him. His The transmutation of metals has not been ac- denunciations of selfishness and sin were for hypocomplished by a wizard's alchemy but by the crits; His invitations to come to Him were for knowledge of natural forces and by scientific proc- the hungry and thirsty; His service and sacrifice esses. The transformation of human beings from were for the needy and dying; His- revelation of the natural and beastly to the spiritual and God- God was for those who we:te ready to receive and like is a fact established to the satisfaction of all follow Him. who have seen such changes. This change cannot There is abundant testimony that today, on the be affected by force or by bribery. The Mohammedans have used force and fear to convert whole mission fields at home and abroad, the most efnations to Islam but their end has been achieved fective work in winning men to Christ is not by means of the denunciation of other religions, or [ 339 ]

by the preaching of "hell-fire"; or by the free The result was that Christianity seemed a "fordistribution of "loaves and fishes." Men and eign cult," not well adapted to the peoples to women of all ages and races are won through lov- whom the missionaries came with the universal ing service, by the proclamation of the Good News message of Christ. of forgiveness and life through Christ, and through the manifestation of sacrificial and under- At the recent Madras Conference, Miss Minnie standing love. Other and unworthy methods may Soga, a Bantu woman from South Africa, declared temporarily add to the number of adherents but that to her people Christianity, with its foreign do not change hearts or make loyal followers. clothes, European churches and ceremonies, for- The transmutation of material substances is eign words and unfamiliar songs, was distinctly wrought by understanding and applying the laws a "white man's" religion. Many thought that if of nature, which are the laws of God. "To as they adopted the white man's clothes and manmany as received him (Christ) gave He the ner of life they would no longer be "heathen." But right to be called (recognized as) the children of Africans did not feel at home in European sur- God-who were born, not of blood, nor of the roundings. When they worshiped in a church with will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of a native thatched roof, an unhewn stone for an God." altar or pulpit, and sitting on the ground; or when they worshipped under the trees with the ESSENTIALS IN MISSION WORK vaulted sky for a roof, then they felt at home.

A young doctor, who had recently been gradu- Christians from other lands pointed out the ated from a modern school of medicine and sur- same need for using native ideas and surroundings gery, was sent as a medical missionary to China to make the peoples of each land and race feel at and became a member of the staff of a large and home in their Christian life and worship. efficient hospital. One of the first things he did was to direct one of the Chinese orderlies to throw Many young missionaries today, going out to out a lot of tin pans and other ancient equipment foreign lands with all the enthusiasm of youth and so that they might be replaced by enamel ware with the equipment of the most modern education, and modern implements. Some of the older mem- are demanding better facilities and more money bers of the staff retrieved the discarded utensils. in order that they may give to the "under privi- leged" of those lands, "the best that America and In contrast to this young doctor's attitude are Europe have to offer"-medically, economically, the reports. of Dr. Gordon S. Seagrave of Burma socially, educationally and religiously. From some in his "Tales of a Waste Basket Surgeon." He quarters there is a constant call for more modern has achieved wonderful results ·by using instru- buildings, better equipment, more automobiles, ments and equipment discarded as out-of-date by fast motor boats, radios, airplanes, together with doctors in America. more highly technically trained teachers and spe- cialists. An article recently appeared in Asia, written by an American college man who went to India to On the other hand missionary history shows that investigate the effectiveness of American and some workers have made the mistake of attempt- British educational methods and ideals as applied ing to adopt native dress, food, and living condito the Hindus. From intelligent Indian graduates tions to which they were not born or adapted. of some of the modern institutions he learned that Some valuable and consecrated men and women many of the best trained Indians consider "West- have died prematurely, or have been invalided ern" ideals and methods to be unadapted to In- home, because of such mistakes. Others have redia's needs. ' Foreign colleges are too highly or- fused to use modern methods, inventions and ganized and regimented. They turn out largely equipment which might have added greatly to "white collar" clerks who find few openings for their efficiency. service in Indian society. The educated Indian critics believe that if the "ashram" method had What are the essentials, as distinguished from been followed, with capable teachers who would non-essentials, for effective Christian life and train students in practical ways for Indian life, service? Jesus Christ came to earth as a "foreign the results would have been far better. missionary." He adopted the Palestinian mode of dress and manner 'of life-so far as these were Other critics of Christian missions in Asia, wholesome; but Jesus was born into that life; He Africa and the Pacific Islands, point out many never refused to use the best that Judea and Galmistakes made by early missionaries who intro- ilee offered to make His ministry more efficient. duced European and American dress to replace native costumes-or the lack of them; setting Is it not clear that non-essentials in Christian foreign styles for church buildings, houses and an life and service include special kinds of clothalien manner of life copied from their home lands. ing, (little or much) ; particular architecture for houses or churches; a special language or music; a type of equipment, peculiar ceremonials in wor-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ship; a particular form of organization and spe- on their knees to confess sin and pray for forcial educational methods-these are clearly non- giveness. Dr. Sung's meetings were crowded and essentials. God can use any of these that are many came forward to accept Christ. The "Witimpregnated with His spirit and are wholly sur- ness Bands" with two hundred men, women and rendered to His control. Personnel is vastly more youth, were busy speaking of Christ to outstations important than equipment. An efficient doctor or and neighbors. There is great rejoicing over the surgeon is one who knows his science and can spiritual fruitage of this work and over churches use his equipment efficiently; a successful teacher that have been awakened and strengthened. Biis one who knows his subject and how to present ble reading and prayer have increased as well as it effectively; a successful ambassador of Christ personal witnessing of Christ and His power. is one who knows and loves God as He is revealed lives have been set right; quarrels have been setin Christ and the Bible and who lives a Christ-life tled, debts have been paid, pastors have been set among men. on fire with new zeal for winning people to Christ. In one church some members of the congregation Es-sentials for the missionary, or for any Chris- stood up and said to the pastor : "You are not the tian life and service are therefore: first, life in man you were before the evangelist came-you Christ-a life that comes from God, is God-filled preach better sermons than formerly." The pasand God-directed. The second essential is the tor himself admits the great change. Whereas he purpose and power to lift up Christ as the Saviour, used to consult with the missionary concerning who lived and died for sinful men; who rose again, those cold and indifferent, now he weeps over them and is ever living in and with His people in every and prays for them. Sunday afternoon after he land. The third essential is ability to teach the has taught a Bible class, preached a children's Bible as the revealed Word of God; the Spirit of sermon to the Junior Church and a mess·age to the God can be trusted to interpret and adapt the adult members, he takes any who care to go with ideals and truth of God to meet the needs of each him to hold a street meeting. In the evening he race and clime and condition. It has often been takes his part in the special meeting of the "Witfound that the earnest native Christians of a com- ness Bands." munity are much more reliable guides in applying Christian truth to local problems than are the This new spirit in the Chinese Church was foreign missionaries-even those of holy charac- further strengthened during March, through the ter and long experience. visit of Wilson Wong, of the Christian and Mis- sionary Alliance, when the Christians feasted upon Do we not often make the mistake of clinging the Word of God, and at the evening meetings to old ideas and prejudices when new methods brought unsaved friends to hear the message. might be better or of thinking that modern untried More than forty took their stand for Christ durideas and equipment must necessarily replace the ing those evening sessions. old? The first essential is always life-spiritual life; the second is proper food-soul food found in God used both men and both methods to save God's revealed truth; the third essential for souls and inspire soul-winning service in the strength is exercise-loving spiritual service, using whatever equipment we have that will help hearts of the Chinese Christians.* produce abiding spiritual results. It would be well for every Christian to check up in order to Rev. Sook Pongsanoi, a Siamese pastor in discover how many lessons we have learned Trang, Siam, writes of his interesting experience through a period of years, that have helped to that changed him from a Bible-selling colporteur make us and our children more Christlike and more effective servants of God. into a soul-winning evangelist. He says: t NEW LIFE IN THE CHURCH IN SIAM "As a student in the Bangkok Christian Col- lege and later, when acting pastor of the Second As a result of God's blessing on the work of Church of Bangkok, I sold and distributed many John Sung, the Chinese evangelist, in Siam last Scripture portions and Testaments without makautumn, a new spirit has been manifested in the ing reports to the Bible Society. I went into many Chinese Church in Siam. The work was formerly homes and walked in and out of many lanes with carried on in three dialects and three denomina- the Scriptures, but did not feel any real need of tions; now unity and cooperation have taken the reporting on sales. place of division. There is also a new zeal in evangelism and new signs of Christian faith and life. "When I went to work for the Bible Society as People are saved; lives are quickened; the spirit a regular colporteur I had to report every month and power of Christ are manifest in hearts, homes and wanted to give a wonderful report to the head and churches. Entire congregations have fallen office.

"But I was nQt satisfied with the work I was do- ing, and was not happy in it. I sold more than • Facts quoted from Rev. A. G. Seigle of Slam.

t Reprint from the Forty-Eighth Annual Report of the Siam and Laos Agency of the American Bible Society.

any other colporteur in Bangkok, but I felt that ent situation assure us that religion-and particumy work was shallow. I was just selling the larly evangelical Christianity-is not dead in Rus- Book without giving purchasers any message con- sia. The expression of it may have changed and cerning the Saviour of the book. I knew that I been driven to cover, but the hunger of the huought to do something more than simply sell God's man heart for God has not been satisfied and the Book, but I went on day in and day out like a vital spark of men and women who have received machine. life from Christ has not been quenched.

"A year and a half ago I was called to become A Soviet Government census has recently shown pastor of the Trang Church, South Siam, and I (according to The Sentinel) that two-thirds of the accepted the call, but with the agreement that I 80,000,000 Russian people living in villages and should continue part time work as a colporteur. one-third of the 40,000,000 people living in larger My work had very little power, but there was a towns are stilI definitely believers in God, in spite growing desire for a clearer understanding of the of the twenty years of pressure and persecution Holy Word for myself so that I could pass it on to to suppress all' religious faith. others. The Soviet authorities have been disturbed by "When I heard that John Sung, a noted Chinese the revelations of the census and have sought to evangelist, was coming to Bangkok I determined suppress the facts. A German writer states that to go and hear him. Thank God, God opened my there are today 30,000 organized Christian groups eyes to see His wonderful love in a new way. A in the Soviet Republics, in addition to many secret powerful meaning of the Cross has come to me societies. Faith in God and a desire for some and I came to have a new attitude toward Bible relation to Him-even in the form of unenlightstudy. ened religion-will not die.

"I invited Dr. Sung to come to Trang and Many factors that have been supposed to support through him God has poured out a mighty bless- religious institutions-capitalism, private proping upon the people of this city. The Trang erty, wealth, and an independent clergy-have Church is now on fire for God and has been packed lost influence, but the roots of religion still rewith people every Sunday since Dr. Sung went main. The younger generation, declares the away. Every church member brings his Testa- Deutsche Landshau, that does not remember the ment to every service and we read the Scriptures regime of the Czars, is less prej udiced against together. Every Sunday I read a chapter from the religion. Many Russian congregations are said to Old Testament, and then the congregation reads a be made up largely of people under thirty years chapter of the New Testament with me. (I wish of age. Ministers are ordained secretly, have no all the people could have a complete Bible, but it definite parishes, and travel about unrecognized will be a long time before that can come true.) by the enemies of religion, but known to Believers. We are feeding on the Word of God as never be- Many of the clergy are artisans or small trades fore. and last Sunday sixteen women and five men people, and gather groups of Believers in unfrewere baptized and twenty baptized children pro- quented woods and ravines. Piety is nourished fessed their faith in Jesus Christ and all united in the hearts of the people who are encouraged to with the church; two back-sliders also came and memorize Scripture, songs and prayers. It takes confessed their sins. One of the old missionaries courage to join such groups, as was true in the said }i.e had never seen anything like that ingath- early days of Christianity, but persecution enering before. dured helps to strengthen rather than to weaken faith in God. The truth of Christ's promise is "Now I have an entirely new attitude toward proved today, as to the Church founded by Him Scripture distribution. At first I did not think and characterized by living faith in Him: "The it necessary to make any report to the American gates of hell shall not prevail against it." Bible Society; then I came to look on the report as the major part of my work; no'W I am seeking PROVERBS OF THE HILL FOLK OF INDIA to win souls through the careful and prayerful distribution of thi.<; Holy Book. I am not now A small stick hides the mountain from the eye. most interested in the ntlmber of Scriptures sold, One says, "What shall I eat?" Another says, but in the number of men and women and boys "What sauce shall I eat with my food?" and girls brought to accept Christ." Sparrows are the headmen of deserted villages. A potful of rice is judged by one grain. CHRISTIANITY NOT DEAD IN RUSSIA Men say that time passes. Time says that men pass. In spite of the continued atheistic propaganda A good man finds the world good. in Soviet Russia, as promoted by communistic officials, by means of ridicule, education, persecu- -The Indian Witness. tion and materialism, those familiar with the pres-

"MOKSA" PUTTING ON HIS SHOES, PREPARING TO LEAVE THE HOME OF A KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN

The "Moksa" Goes to the Country Adventures on a Week-end Journey in Chosen By SHANNON McCUNE, Clark University, Wor- * cester, Massachusetts He OME out to the country with me for the thankful ever since, for it gave me a chance to see week-end." It was my father-in-law, Dr. the country work of a missionary in Korea at William N. Blair of Pyengyang, who was first hand. It was not any special trip but the ordi- speaking. I had just returned from a two weeks nary, regular week-end trip of a foreign Moksa, reconnaisance trip through northern Korea and or itinerating missionary. confess that the prospect of starting out right away, even for a short trip, was not very inviting. Mother made ready the bedding for us; Edith, But after some hesitancy, I agreed, and have been my wife, finished the batch of fudge so that we could take some along. I loaded my camera, while • Sha nnon McCune, the son of Dr. and Mrs. George S. McCune, Father Blair put gasoline in the car and checked was born in Korea. He Is a graduate of Wooster CoIlege, Ohio the oil. The car needed careful going over for it (1935) , Syracuse University (1937) and did graduate work at Clark has been in constant service since it was bought on University (1937-38) where he is Willia m Libby Fellow in the furlough five years before. School of Geography. His father was formerly president of the Union Christian College, Pyengyang, Cbosen. His father-In-law, Dr. At three o'clock in the afternoon, on a Saturday William N. Blair, of Pyengya ng, has given most of his time to last November, we started off to the north-Ieavevangelistic work, la rgely in the country districts. The photographs used to Illustrate this article were taken by Shannon McCune on the journey described.-EDIToR.

[ 343 ]

ing our wives at home in Pyengyang. The road presidency of the Union Christian College and was very familiar to Father Blair for he had been told stories of his evangelistic campaigns. There traveling it for almost four decades on foot, by was some reference to the Shrine question (which pony, in oxcart, and by almost every conveyance is such a serious problem in the Japanese Empire imaginable. We were going to the center of his today), but there was no discussion of it for the Korean leaders appreciate the position taken by the missionary body.

After a night's sleep we woke to a fine fall day with light cumulus clouds in the sky. The usual Korean breakfast of rice and soup are scarcely to the Occidental's liking, so Father pulled ou't his little alcohol lamp and proceeded to prepare a real American breakfast of bacon, eggs and coffee.

During the morning I had an opportunity to look around the elder's home, while Father was at Sunday school. It was typical of the better class Christian home and was heated by the regular Korean system of an ondol, the draft going' under the floor from the kitchen stove to the chimney on the other side of the house. The floors and 'walls were made of mud, well-packed on a corn-stalk frame. The outside walls were white with lime . and the inside walls and the floors were papered.

The roof was of slate, warmer, cleaner and longer- GOING ACROSS THE RIVER ON A FERRY lasting than the usual Korean thatch, though more expensive in initial cost. The elder had utilized beloved Anju district of which he has been the the hills back of his home-not for the usual grave sole missionary M oksa ever since he came to Korea sites-but for an apple orchard and the samples as a young man of twenty-five, fresh from semi- we had for breakfast were delicious. He had pre- nary, thirty-seven years ago.

It was not easy driving, for the roads, built pri- marily for army and other trucks, are continually obstructed by large jagged rocks. With rubber.

like gold in a war economy, our tires were Dr.

Blair's first concern. It was necessary to ferry :,lcross the Tatong River twice on small flat-boats just wide enough for the car. Everyone, from the farmer with the top-knot on his head to the J apa- nese gold prospector, offered advice. But Father has guided the car up over the two narrow planks on to many a ferry and so we crossed without much trouble in the growing dusk. We drove along the river for a number of miles and saw boats going down to Pyengyang piled high with firewood or earthen jars.

After a four-hour drive we came into Kae Chy- on where we were welcomed by the pastor of the local church and were taken to a Christian elder's home to stay. In a few minutes the car was un- loaded and soon we were warming our stocking feet on the warm Korean floor. After a bowl of CROSSING STREAM BY FOOT-BRID GJ<:: . DR. BLAIR (IN u-dong (soup) we talked with the pastor, the FRONT), BEHIND HIM A KOREAN DEACON. elders, and others of the church who dropped in to call. This was a valuable opportunity to renew pared a cellar to store the apples, under a shed old friendships with the Korean leaders. I met a where he kept his firewood and rice. In front of number of people who remembered my own father the house was a little garden for cabbages. These (Dr. George S. McCune) and were sorry to hear had been pulled up and stacked by the well to be of his retirement. They recalled his years in the used in making kimchi, or pickle. Tethered under

THE "MOKSA" GOES TO THE COUNTRY

the apple trees were two goats and across the the Church the platform was arranged to make little garden was the pig pen with a fat sow and room for a large sheet of paper which Father her grunting litter. Chickens were pecking Blair would use for his chalk-talk. The church around in the garden and the yard-doubtless filled rapidly, the women sitting on the floor to the missing their companion which was boiling in the right and the men on the left, so that by the time big kettle in the kitchen. The elder was naturally the service started there was not much room left. quite proud of his establishment, which made him Other similar Presbyterian services were taking remarkably self-sufficient. He told me of the help he had received from his subscription to The THE "MOKSA" AND KOREAN ELDER ENJOY SUNDAY DINNER Farmer's Life, a magazine founded by Father (In former days everyone had his individual table, Men still eat McCune and now edited by Mr. Lutz of Pyengyang. The house and little yard n their cleanliness apart from the women,) and convenient arrangement showed that the elder place all around the world, with only a few difhad received from the missionaries not only spirit- ferences. Here the congregation took a big part ual help but also an incentive to improve his ma- in whole-hearted singing and an elder gave the terial surroundings. Sabbath prayer. Everyone listened attentively to the sermon which the Moksa gave. Two Japa- At about twelve we had dinner, a little better nese detectives sitting in front of me took copious than usual in honor of the M oksa. It was a treat notes. (Korea is far from being a free country, for me to be able to sit on the floor and really make especially for a foreigner.) But the preacher my chopsticks click on the good things that the could have the satisfaction of knowing that his elder's wife had prepared. I had been wary of sermon spread beyond the two hundred people in Korean food in my travels around the country the church auditorium. but the clean kitchen was an evidence that I had no need to be afraid of contracting any disease As soon as the church service was ended Father here. With all my appetite, I couldn't hold a candle, Blair put on his shoes and went to the parked car. or should I say a chopstick, to Father Blair as he The canvas cover was taken off in a hurry and off polished off his bowl of chicken soup and heaping we started for a ten-mile ride to a little town to dish of rice. The side dishes of different kinds of the south-west of Kae-Chyon. Here we left the car, meat, fish, and eggs cut up in small pieces, were again shrouded in its canvas cover, and went on also very good but I reveled in the kimchi, the foot. It was a beautiful hour's walk through the pickle which is an essential part of every Korean Korean countryside on this fine autumn day. We meal. It is full of red pepper which burned the had to cross over streams on little foot bridges inside of my mouth, and had a tang, from having and had fine views of lone pine trees towering been in an earthen jar buried in the yard for over above little villages clustered under the brows of a year. The pepper· brought tears to my eyes, the hills. We fell in with a fellow traveler and not only because of its sharpness but because I soon struck up a conversation. When a nail came thought back on my seven long kimchi-less years through the heel of Father's shoe, they squatted in America. down together to fix it with a rock. This road, too, was very familiar to the Moksa and he enjoyed The bell at the church had been ringing all telling about the days when as a young man he morning at intervals for the different divisions of developed this territory. He pointed out the rocks the Sunday school but it pealed for a longer time for church at one o'clock. The elder, in typical Korean style, commented on the glad note it sounded this day because the Moksa was to preach. Rising from the floor and going out on the veranda where we put on our shoes we went off to church. It was the third successive building erected on this site during the last twenty years. Each one bigger than the last and now the congregation was making plans for a new addition. The building, with its tile roof and red brick walls, trimmed with white shutters and doors, made a pretty picture, especially to the Korean eye.

With my camera I took some shots of the men dressed in their white robes going in one door, women, with babies on their backs, going in the other; some "kids" stayed outside to play. Next door was the manse-a modern Korean home with' a tin roof and very clean in appearance. Inside

on which the pigeons used to roost and the hill- out, (or rather "pried" out), and once again the sides which formerly were thick with pheasant. rooms were packed, this time by the adults of the He sighed for: the days whe.n he had a gun and, village. Outside were others, who were too shy not being bound in by red tape, could bring home to come in, making a group of about eighty. Faa brace of ducks or perhaps a deer. The greatest ther spoke this time on some of the basic beliefs pleasure of the trip for him, however, was to talk of Christianity and what they meant in the way of with our companionaboutthe story of Jesus. Much a changed life. At the end of his talk he asked all of my Korean is forgotten but the simple story who wished to make a definite stand for such a change in their lives to raise their hands. Eight torwas beautiful to hear. It fell on "fertile ground," people raised their hands, some having been pre- the gentleman w~s deeply moved. pared for such a stand by the elder and the dea- "At about four o'clock we came into the little vil- con. They only needed the incentive of the Mokla.ge of Kul Chang Kori, or Rock Village Market- sa's coming to ~ake their stand definitely. Our pla.ce. The church had been started many years fellow traveler of the road came up at the close of ago' but had had its ups and downs. Father Blair the service and said that he wanted to change his had not been able to get into this isolated valley for life also, but wished to study more before he came over four years, so that his arrival was a real event to a decision. for the church and also for the village. The little church, situated on the edge of the village, had Shortly after the service we left the town to been repapered arid looked fresh 'and clean. Fa- walk back to the car. A number of the church ther walked around the village of a hundred people, in accordance with Korean custom, walked homes, talked with 11. group of threshers working to the top of the first pass with us. A full moon on the village threshing fioor, and invited them to had come up and the sight of the village, nestled come to the meeting,At night. He also called on on the 'edge of the hill with wisps of smoke spiralsome of the non-believers and interviewed some ling up from the evening fires, is a treasured young men who were interested. At :(lve we went memory. We said our goodbyes and walked tQ",the local elder's home, a typical two-roomed through the beautiful landscape in the crisp au- &untry house with the newly-threshed rice tumn air. We could not but think back on the stacked in bags under the eaves of the thatched eight who had decided definitely to seek a change roof. The cow was in the adjoining shed. Rude in their lives. We wondered if they would be able and poor as it was there was a spirit of welcome to stand fast amid the every day life of the village arid warmth that must have impressed the neigh- and in the strenuous times through which their bors among whom the elder and his wife lived. country was passing. Father commented on how There was no pastor in this village but the faith- typical was the reaction of our fellow traveler who, though sincerely moved, yet was so bound ful elder with a young deacon had kept the lit- by tradition and custom that he could not bring himself to a complete change of faith and life so tle church alive. quickly. There we had supper of chicken and rice and Soon we were back in the car driving to Kae kimchi, all specially prepared for the visitors. Chyon to spend the night in the elder's home. We Again, it was interesting to be introduced as a were up early in the morning in order to be back son of my father, Dr. McCune. It warmed my for an afternoon meeting in Pyengyang. We took heart to hear the old village headman, a non- a different route home and passed through another Christian, say, "The name of Yun Moksa is on section of Father's field with a church in every large town and groups in many of the villages. the hearts of all Koreans." He pointed out the church he had gone to the Sun- At six o'clock the little bell was rung for the day before and the church that he and Mother were to visit the next week. I was impressed by the children's service. The little church, with one fact that this trip we had taken, though extraor- room' about 12 feet by 2'4 and another room in the dinary to me, probably seemed just the usual rear reserved for the women about 8 by 12 feet, thing for him or for any of the evangelistic mis- Was soon jammed with children of all sizes and sionaries scattered throughout Korea. Even Fa- descriptions. There were about sixty, and all ther was sorry to have to rush back to Pyengyang clamoring to be up in the front. The young deacon so quickly but his city responsibilities called him. 'soon had them splitting their throats, singing He wished for time to visit others of his fifty or "Jesus ,Loves Me," while Father tacked some more country churches that have been passing drawing'paper on the wall. In a few minutes all through such difficult times and need the strength- were shouting the answers to his question in ap- ening and encouragement which a visit by the proved Korean fashion, as he told and illustrated Moksa would bring to them. the story of the lame man at the Beautiful Gate. Many of the older people had come and the rooms kept' getting more and more crowded. When the children's service was over, they were ushered

a Mission becomes a

By ALEXANDER H. KEMP, M. D., Angola, Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church W HAT is the supreme purpose of Christian 600 church members; today there are over 5000. missions? Is it not to win people to Christ Then we scarcely dreamed of a self-supporting and to gather these disciples into churches native church; today we have 20 outstations which that will become self-supporting, self-extending, receive no subsidy from the mission. The mediand self-governing through the leadership and cal and educational work at Quessua now receive power of the Holy Spirit? In Angola, West Afri- a large amount of financial support from African ca, after fifty years of mission work many circum- sources. stances show that we should take a big step forward towards achieving the second part of our In the early days there was great rejoicing purpose. It is one thing to found a mission; it is when some of the first converts were deemed quite another thing to establish Christianity in a ready to be sent forth as evangelists and village foreign soil so that the Church will grow and de- pastors, and the missionaries were glad to provide velop and bear fruit. these men with houses and salaries from mission funds. The fact that a chief would allow Chris- The past half century of missionary work in tian work to be started in his village was consid- Angola has cost the Church at home not far from a ered a victory for the Kingdom of God. Realizing half million dollars. During the first twenty years that these first native workers were poorly prenearly thirty of the missionaries laid down their pared for their tasks, the missionaries directed lives on the field. The visible results are seen in their energies. towards the training of more effec- three mission stations, sixty native-manned sta- tive men. This meant mission schools. Every boy tions, five thousand church members and an equal who could qualify educationally, spiritually and number of adherents, and a hundred African morally, was assured of an appointment and a Christian workers-pastors, teachers or evange- salary from American funds. The supply of suitlists under appointment of the church leaders. able young men has never equaled the demand. One of our stations, Quiongua, which has had The desirability, as well as necessity, of instituting missionaries for fifty years has been closed be- a system of self-support for outstation work led cause of a shortage of workers, and there is only to an effort to have the older outstations assume one missionary couple at Luanda, the capital of responsibility for the support of their own pasthe colony. This couple cares for a school with tors. About 20 outstations are now doing this. 250 pupils, a church with an average Sunday afternoon congregation of 1200, and 20 outstations Today the situation in Angola is markedly difin the district. At Malange, 270 miles inland at ferent. Decreasing income from America has the railhead, there is one missionary doing pas- made it impossible to continue the present force toral work and translating. At Quessua, 8 miles of native workers on a salary basis, and an infrom Malange, is situated a central training insti- creasing number will each year be ready to enter tute with a school of 200 boys, a Bible School of the Lord's work. At the same time there are 15 pupils, besides industrial, agricultural and med- several large areas in which, until now, a Chrisical work, directed by a single woman missionary tian worker would not have been accepted, but and one married couple. One male missionary from which requests are now coming. In the superintends the Malange District with its 40 out- Malange District there is a large force of native stations, and four women missionaries conduct workers to whom customary salaries cannot be a school with 250 girls. paid from mission funds; there are opportunities to open new work in unevangelized areas, and When the writer arrived in Luanda in 1923 the there is a constantly increasing number of new re- Methodist Episcopal Board had three times as cruits available from the Mission Institute. many missionaries in Angola as now, and more than double the present annual work budget was A call was issued for a conference and seventy provided from American funds. Then we had a African workers were present. After reviewing score of native workers; today we have a hundred the work of the mission during its first half-cenmuch better trained workers. Then we had some tury, I took the men into complete confidence and laid before them a summary of the receipts, dis- [347 ]

bursements and balances of the district funds for Two vital attainments to be achieved in transeach of the past five years. Summing up the sal- forming a mission into a native church lie in aries of several classes of workers I showed that workers' willingness to receive their remuneration it would take 4,000 angolares ($80.00) per month from the people rather than from the mission. to pay all of them, whereas we had on hand enough The village churches must also be ready to proto pay 25% of this from American funds. The vide their workers with remuneration commensuother 75% would have to come from local church- rate with the service rendered. es, from other remunerative labor, or from their gardens. Each quarter less money would come One fundamental question which must be defrom America for them, so that the time seemed cided concern the form which the ministry is to to have come when the native church must as- take. Is it to be a strictly professional ministry sume a much greater share of the responsibility in which the pastor spends all of his time in Chrisfor the support of its own ministry. tian work and receives his entire support from his people, or is it to be a ministry in which the Is Foreign Money Inexhaustible? pastor, trained at the mission, earns all of his sustenance from his gardens or from a trade, For many years our native workers seem to donating his ministerial labors to the village? have had the impression that there was an inex- Shall the ministry be supported in part by the peohaustible supply of American money in the mis- ple and in part from the pastors' own labors? The sion, and that the share each received depended latter seems to be the only feasible plan for the upon the plea he put up to secure it. To help present, at least, and will probably be the final them realize that every angolare I paid out for solution. An understanding of native customs such general expenses as the conference in which is necessary in determining the question. we were sitting, must be deducted from the amount available for salaries, I deducted the The African Ministry travel expenses of men, the cost of rations during the conference, the cost of sending a boy 150 miles In many instances native pastors spend little into the interior to advise the men of the confer- more time in their routine church work than their ence, and other expenses. Thus many of them for people spend listening to them. The African is a the first time came to the realization that there natural orator, such as no other race claims to be, actually was a limit to mission funds. I endeavored so that he requires less preparation for public to make them see that I was doing my utmost to discourses than one would estimate. Even the best secure for them an adequate subsistence, but I of our African preachers have very few books, or told them that in my judgment there would have other literature; a Bible, hymnal and Sunday to be developed a local rather than foreign source school quarterly being the extent of many a pasfor this subsistence. The word "salary" was re- tor's library. They do little pastoral work, such as placed by the word "assistance." From now on is done in America, but they spend many a day they must consider themselves as supported by listening to disputes, settling differences, and givtheir respective churches rather than by the mis- ing judgment on questions., being in reality an sion, and that if they proved themselves faithful unofficial justice of the peace. A teacher must and loving servants, they would be sufficiently sup- spend about three hours daily in the classroom plied with this world's goods to enable them to and practically every native worker should spend continue to break the Bread of Life to their peo- half of his time in his gardens, as do most of ple. his parishioners. As in all African families, the wife spends from sunrise until one o'clock in her Late in the afternoon, after having been given garden. Even when the man of the home is upon their "assistance," the workers left to return to a salary basis, cash never goes for common foods, their stations, determined to preach the Gospel but is used for taxes, clothes, and trinkets. Even to the utmost of their ability, regardless of the re- a new house costs nothing for floors, walls or roofmuneration they might receive from the mission. ing, all being obtained locally free of cost, the win- dows and doors, table and bed and chairs being We have now agreed that all villages near Mal- the only things requiring a monetary outlay. Land ange that request a worker must provide a house, is free, and if the worker has been taught a trade church, gardens, and some cash salary before the at the mission, he can usually earn some money by worker is sent. For villages among unevangelized simple carpentry, sandals, tailoring, and making peoples, it will be necessary for the mission to forged articles. provide for a small salary for the worker for the first two years, or until the worker's garden be- To get a native worker to accept his remuneragins to produce. This plan must be carefully safe- tion from his church instead of from the mission guarded, however, both the worker and his peo- presents many difficulties-and many opportuniple being made to realize that financial assistance ties. Every boy who passes the government exfrom the mission is very temporary. amination expects a "white-collar job," just as

WHEN A MISSION BECOMES A CHURCH

his wife who had been trained in the girls' school rial returns alone, the finest investment any village here expects to be excused from field work. Un- here could possibly make lies in providing for the til now these expectations have been largely real- Christian message in their midst. Africans are ized, made possible by the salaries paid by the mis- poor in this worlds goods, far too poor in fact to sion. Incidently, one-half of the problem of a continue their present expensive beliefs and reself-supporting church is the wife of the worker. ligious customs. Heathen in their hunger bow It is not reasonable to expect villages to support down to wood and stone-seeking an explanation their Christian leader as liberally as he has been for their experience, a search which every human supported by the mission. A native worker must heart has made in vain, until Christ has been partake liberally of the humility of our Master to found. When He has been found and His freedom make him willing to accept support from his local entered into, then our people will be able to secure church organization, and be responsible to that material as well as s.piritual rewards. church for the faithfulness and lovableness of his ministrations. The present situation makes it imperative that we take a big step forward toward establishing a What Can the People Pay? self-supporting Christian church here. Workers present at our recent conference accepted their On the other side, the village churches, after reduced income from the mission in a spirit that having considered for many years that they were warmed our hearts, especially when we saw how doing the mission a favor in allowing a Christian determined they were to continue preaching the worker in their midst, must be trained to make a Gospel for the salvation of their own people. One fair remuneration for the ministrations they re- worker, who had been unable to attend the con· ceive; and they must be convinced that the min- ference, later wrote that he would continue his ministry even though he never received any reistrations are worth the cost. In old days a man muneration from either the mission or from his own people. Our instructors at Quessua, both would pay an ox to be taught to sign his name, or those in the classrooms and those in the shops, several oxen to have his son taught to read and showed an excellent spirit in accepting lower pay. write. The mission has been giving an incompa- Rather apprehensive of my cobbler's attitude, I rably better education to the boys in our schools, called him into my office to appeal to him to coneven providing the boys with food, clothing, secrate himself as the others had done. When I shelter and school supplies. It has been not too asked his attitude towards the new wage-scale, he difficult to bring our people to the place where drew himself erect and answered, in typical Afrithey pay more liberally for medical treatments, can style: "Have you not given me five boys who and for the educational opportunities provided for passed the government examinations last January, their sons and daughters, than we would have be- for me to train in my art of cobbling? Will not lieved to be possible a few years ago. It is now these boys go out to preach the Gospel in places our task to bring villages to where they will re- where I cannot go, to preach it as I cannot since munerate their Christian workers adequately for I am an uneducated man? Has not God called me the benefits received. About twenty villages. have to help them to the best of my ability to be able been brought to this stage, though the present sit- to earn their sustenance as they preach the Gosuation leaves much to be desired. pel, when the mission cannot pay them? I want to continue teaching these boys, even if I receive An old missionary once told me that we should less pay." With a spirit of consecration and devonever expect our people out of their poverty to tion like this among our workers, we take courage support Christian workers. If this were so, our and press on, feeling confident that God will outlook would be hopeless for progress would be abundantly bless our labors. held down in direct ratio to the amount of American money expended. An Evidence of Success In this way we could never hope to attain the In transforming our mission into a native supreme purpose of mission work. But I have no Christian church, we will be called upon to solve doubt about the ability of the people to support many perplexing problems, to straighten out their Christian ministry, even though the cost be many difficult situations, to exercise many years without material return to them. When converts of patience, tact, foresight, and love. We realize become true disciples of our Lord, and come into that there may be at stake the results of fifty years that freedom which is found alone in Him, they of missionary labor which has cost so much in no longer are bound by their prohibitive taboos lives and money. If we fail, then we shall know and superstitions, and no longer pay so dearly for that the expenditure of a half million dollars and their useless fetishes and amulets; they will no the sacrifice of thirty lives has not yet succeeded longer submit to such death-dealing practices as in establishing here a Christian church that can the sas,s-wood test administered by their witchdoctors. Considered from the standpoint of mate-

be trusted to perpetuate the Christian message tude, so that we may train our converts gladly to through its own efforts in the power of the Holy support the bearers of the Christian message. We Spirit. During the future months we may be can no longer "call" workers from among the called upon to undergo many disappointments in school boys, providing them with work which will seeing our workers and stations and followers enable them to live in relative luxury and ease. diminish in numbers, when they realize that funds We shall have to revive the Master's appeal for from America will no longer be sufficient to main- our boys to take up the cross and follow Him, be tain them as heretofore. But we are confident of the -sacrifices what they may. From many angles, ultimate success in founding a Christian Church it appears to us that the present situation has been which shall endure. How could we be otherwise brought about through the wisdom and love of when we are under a divine leadership, when our God; we feel that the present step we are now native workers, upon whom in final analysis rests compelled to take will be wonderfully blessed by so much of the responsibility for success, are so Him, and will result in great increases in the determined and consecrated and confident that the number of true disciples, and in the appearance work must go on? of a rapidly emerging native Christian Church, which shall be self-supporting, self-propagating Our planning for the future of the work and self-governing. throughout the land must take on a different atti- The Perpetual Value of Foreign Missions By the REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Meshed, Iran I T IS inspiring to spend a morning roaming third man, Dr. Newton Donaldson, was prevented about Westminster Abbey, London, pausing from going to Persia as he had planned, but he before the tombs of famous men, but there i,s and his wife were always enthusiastic in their something still more intimately uplifting for some missionary interest in the pastorate at home. As of us about going into the prayer-meeting rooms their son I have the privilege of working in Persia. of churches where successive generations have His sister, Elma Donaldson, went to India, where worshipped, and to see the pictures of godly pas- she served at Dehra Dunn with devotion until she tors who have spent their lives proclaiming the was seventy years of age. A daughter, Mary Don- Gospel. aldson, went to China in 192'4.

The late Dr. George Alexander, of New York, Thus a real interest in foreign missions will ingave forty-six years of deeply spiritual service on spire succes,sive generations to take part in the the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian permanent business of promoting the cause of Church. Seven of his classmates at Princeton Christ in all lands. Seminary went to the foreign field, and all died in service. Life is no more static in foreign countries than it is at home. It might be asked facetiously, "Why Over fifty years ago, as a young man returning should the land of the Pilgrim fathers, the land of from India on his first furlough, Dr. J. J. Lucas the Scotch Covenanters, the land of the Quakers, had talks with three students in Western Theo- still require the expenditure of millions of dollars logical Seminary in Pittsburgh. He won their annually in national missions?" Others might inrespect and confidence and was able to help them quire, "Why should the country with the greatest reach a decision in their most important life prob- system of public schools and State universities in lem. At that time all three of these men decided the world need money from a Church Board of to become foreign missionaries. One of them, Education ?" The answer to both of these ques- Dr. A. C. Good, went to West Africa, where he tions lies in the present-day problems in the died after twelve years of vigorous missionary United States. If anyone suggests that economy adventure, and where he has been followed by his in church expenditures could be effected by reson, Dr. Albert I. Good, of Elat. The second man, garding the foreign missionary enterprise as a Dr. John Eaken, went to Siam and carried heavy temporary phase of Christian activity, we should responsibility, with sustained evangelistic zeal, realize that the momentous changes that have for more than forty years. His sons, Paul and taken place in foreign lands make an insistent and John Eaken, and his daughter, Ruth Eaken, are imperative demand upon Christian people. giving life service to the Gospel in Siam. The Where illiteracy and superstition and idolatry

THE. NEED FOR. A LIVING FAITH

have given way before the enlightenment of claimed and the reality of the divine Spirit must Christian education, with its churches, schools and be shown in human lives. hospitals, there are new assets for righteousness in the world. Some of the second and third gen- The spirit of nationalism must yield to the eration Christians fill chairs in colleges or work spirit of Christ. As national churches arise, it is as pastors or editors or evangelists. Missionaries the fact that they are Christian and not merely may no longer be needed to fill these P.ositions national that enables them to be admitted at once abroad but the work of the Gospel must still be to the great international Church of Christ. The carried on by other methods in other places. saying, "Let every nation determine its own re- ligion," is utterly inconsistent with the whole Modern civilization has displaced much ancient tenor of the Gospel. Christians are soOns of n.o error and superstition, but there has c.ome ma- national god, and they have been redeemed by terialism and a more obstinate heathenism of in- no national saviour. The w.orld-wide clash bedifference to spiritual things. Educated Chinese tween capitalism and communism knows no naand Japanese, and Hindus and Moslems, are find- tional boundaries. The auth.ority of Jesus Christ ing that for them the alternative is not between must be recognized as universal. The Christian one religion and another but between Christ and Gospel is of permanent and universal value, and atheism. In Iran Islam is losing its hold on edu- at this time when thoughtful students throughout cated men. Nevertheless the fad remains that the world realize that crass materialism has made Christianity is only beginning to be understood. its sensational denials in vain, the message is espe- Great walls of prejudice and misapprehension cially pertinent. Ambassad.ors of Christ preach have fallen down and there are eyes to see and not a mission of temporary philanthropy, but the ears to hear as there have never been before. universal offer of salvation through Christ and For this very reason the Gospel must still be pro- the everlasting Kingdom of God.

The Need for a Living Faith* By REV. J. W. BURTON, Sydney, Australia Secretary of the Australian Methodist Missionary Society O PTIMISM, we are told, is a great asset for with many luxuries-and many horrors. It has missi.ons. If you want people to contribute given us aeroplanes-and baby-killing bombers; to missions, serve up the bright side .of it has created marvels in chemistry-and pois.on things, tell them .of the "glorious Gospel tri- gas; it has built for us swift motor cars-and umphs," and put the soft pedal on failures and military tanks; it has given us wireless-and nadisappointments. If the income drops, do not tionalistic propaganda; it has lengthened the span advertise that; but if the truth leaks out, then .of human life-and taught us h.oW to cut off the explain the shrinkage as, plausibly as possible. stream of life, so that by birth-control a race may The wand, however, is obviously losing some of be more quickly exterminated than by disease. its magic, and thoughtful people are incon- Let the optimist sound his ram's horn and see if veniently asking for naked facts. these walls will fall down.

Our Lord was not the facile optimist some What chance has spiritual religion in this W.orld would like to paint Him. He s,aw the true condi- of nationalism, materialism, and militarism? tion .of the world in His day. He came .of the line What has the Church, representing Christ, to say of prophets who did not speak comfortable things. The story .of the sower suggests that of the four to economic manslaughter and race suicide? Ruskinds of soil, only one yielded satisfactory results; sia has thrown out the Church, asserting that it the illustration of the tares indicates tpat we must prevents social progress; Germany has banned it not expect a hundred per cent harvest; while the because it demands a loyalty other than to the descripti.on of the net full .of fish shows that there State; Mexico and Spain have challenged it beis wastage. That aspect of our Lord's teaching cause it keeps down the people; many other counhas not had due consideration. tries have done even worse-they have ignored it. According to the totalitarian conception the State We once th.ought that science would lay down a and its interests must be supreme. "Battle pracstraight road for the millennium; but we have tice" is considered more important than the quiet been tragically disillusioned. It has provided us w.orship of God; to learn artistically to thrust a bay.onet in human flesh is of more value to the • Condensed from The Missionary Review, Australia.

State than is· education or slum clearance; the others with the life and death of our Lord. It is profits of a lottery are worth more to the State's by a new spirit of unselfishness. and by a real ap- coffers than the honesty of its citizens; and party plication of the Cross- (not as a theological doc- funds and vested interests come before social re- trine, but as a stern spirit) to aU human life- form and human welfare. whether individual, social, national or interna- No wonder gloomy prophets can find a hearing tional-that we can bring back faith.

when they are so glibly announcing the end of the It is faith we need-faith in the eternal God world; the fear of many is that their prophecies who has revealed the quality of His life and the may not be fulfilled. trend of His will in our Lord Jesus Christ. This Does all this mean that faith – the power to has implications. for the whole Church, and spe- apprehend and appreciate the spiritual-is in de- cial implication for missions.

cline? Spiritual values are simply irrelevant in We must make our appeal more and more spir- this world of brute force and organized hatred. itual. There must be an awakening of the The Christian religion is increasingly suspect be- Church's conscience, far too dormant today, in cause it preaches a Gospel of goodwill. Missions regard to our duty to the wider world. Members in some countries have become a danger to state- of Christ's Church have definitely 'pledged them- craft, for they have proclaimed a world brother- selves in loyalty to Him and they must be aroused hood and have protested against national and ra- to its implications. Let us first face the problem cial discriminations. This narrow conception of of the adult member, who seemingly has little the supremacy of the State-whether in times of interest in winning the world for Ghrist. The peace or war-is entirely incompatible with the missionary meeting has almost vanished as an faith that Jesus is her only Lord. Though we effective method of presenting the "claims of mis- shall suffer, and may be persecuted unto death, sions." Many other interests have sprung up in we must be loyal above all else to Christ and His the last hundred years, and no one in any other eternal love and sacrifice. realm trusts to a public meeting to carry a mes- The new paganism affects our Christian work sage. Our methods of appeal need drastic re- at home and lowers the enthusiasm and passion vision. We place too much emphasis upon results for world evangelization. Depleted voluntary giv- in money. The blunt truth is that most of us are ing is only one incidence of spiritual regression. giving beyond our spiritual interest: it is the What are we to do? Play the ostrich and ignore quickening of spirit that is our deepest need.

danger? Repeat piously "God's in His heaven, That assured, the money will come naturally and all's right with the world?" Quote heartening spontaneously-as. it always should.

texts that have no real application to the situa- We may be obliged to start humbly-in little tion? Attempt to bluff people by weak smiles and groups of three or four-meeting together to talk sugary optimism? Or shall we give up the strug- and pray over the Kingdom of God throughout gle and make ourselves believe that we are in the the world, informing our minds by the study of grip of uncontrollable world forces, and with a material dealing with the concrete needs of the stoic fatalism let the heavens, fall when they will? world, and encouraging one another in this world Or shall we pursue a crackle-of-thorns-under- fellowship. There is no need to wait for some the-pot policy, and attempt to attract people by organization to start such a group. You can call entertainment; devise tempting schemes and a few of your friends together in your own home catchy slogans to lure people to the support of for prayer and missionary study. One of the the missionary cause? dangers O'f our religious enterprises is this super- In our hearts we know that all these things are structure of organization. It takes so much of futile. We must go deep. the coal we carry to stoke the engines. The min- We must realize that the whole trouble is spir- ister is often a busy man with a hundred and one itual. It is the human spirit to which we must thi'llgs to attend to, it is scarcely fair to make him address ourselves, for we are perfectly sure of responsible for forming and carrying on a group, the Spirit of God. His Will is that the world though it would be well to consult him before should be saved, but it is man's self-will that pre- starting one. Groups can start with the infor- vents world salvation. It is a birth from above mation contained in the Missionary Review. There that is needed – a regeneration of the human are also many books dealing with world missions.

spirit. We shall not win by compromising with We have surely enough missionary-minded people the world, by adorning our appeal with confec- in our churches to commence a little group in tionery; we shall win only as we succeed in chal- every church. Live cells live by division, and lenging our own selfishness and the selfishness. of more life comes into being.

Youth of the Church

By H. S. RANDOLPH Secretary of the Unit of Rural Church Work, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

I N THE early history of the American nation assurance to owning and cultivating land as did our rural youth knew no frontier limits. There his forebears. Consequently farm life has lost was land-good land, new land—everywhere, much of its charm for youth. Poor land holds out two billion acres of it ; nearly a billion acres were little challenge, and there is not much greater covered with virgin forest and challenge to a young man to over a half-billion acres with spend his life toiling even on luxurious grass. The nation pos- good land that he cannot afford sessed resources that seemed to to own.

be inexhaustible. This situation Today a rural youth sees that gave birth to 'It youth fired with what his father had been able to profound spiritual qualities of earn in a year is wholly insuffi- confidence, hope, ambition, aspir- cient to pay the taxes and the ation, determination, pride and interest and principal payments self-respect, qualities w h i c h o n the farm mortgage. He has closely paralleled the ideals for seen the farm sold on the block personal attainment in the to a foreigner while his father Christian Church. Therefore ru- has become a tenant, and may ral youth found an opportunity even lose his place as a tenant.

to express its finer qualities Such experiences have forced through the church. In fact the many rural youth to give up church was the only institution their dreams of owning a farm, in which the entire community or of owning anything else; could adequately express the so- dreams of school and college cial, educational, spiritual and have vanished; books and travel other important aspects of its are too expensive to consider; life. the old family car and the house- Today, after more than 300 told furnishings are rapidly years of American history, there wearing out, and cannot be re- is no frontier in the nation placed for there is no money which promi£es inexhaustible available.

wealth. Those old frontiers have This decline in rural resources been exploited, and ours is no and wealth, and the breaking of longer spoken of as "the richest rural morale, have been sorely and most favored continent on felt by the rural church. Lack the face of the earth." In less of clothing suitable for Sunday than 300 years the frontier has has kept many a rural lad and disappeared and rural youth lassie away from Sunday school now races a national problem and church. Perhaps the old presented by a shortage of eco- car won't run, and it is too far nomically productive land. Much A MOU~TAIN BOY LEAVING HOME to walle As a result there is no of the nation's soil is now de- church going. In many instances pleted or suffers from want of the rural economic condition has insufficient moisture. Rural youth faces the prob- made the church pastorless because the community lem of inability to work highly productive land, could not support even a part-time minister. Mis- for such land is too high-priced to be owned sion Boards either did not see the need or did not wholly by the individual farmer. Therefore mo- have available funds to meet it. In the course of dern youth cannot look forward with any great time the rural church closed its doors and be- [ 353 ]

came a ghost in the community-broken windows, either directly or indirectly for youth, the probpaint gone; weeds and briars grown up-all make lems of rural youth are far from being solved. an unsightly landscape. All this brings home to rural youth a sense of the insecurity of the coun- Many look to rural schools for the solution of tryside, leaving in its wake broken confidence, youth problems. Our schools do much to develop torn aspirations, blasted hopes, stunted determi- courage in the life processes of youth. New honation, bleeding pride, and lost self-respect. rizons are seen; new knowledge and skills are acquired. But here we must be disillusioned, for ThElre are twenty-one million youth in America; the rural school training· too often has had only and of these ten million are rural. They live on indirect relation to future work and therefore fails the farms or in country villages; many live in miserably to prepare youth to enter adult vocalittle unsanitary cabins on eroded and depleted tional life. However, we must recognize the trefarms, or on cut-over timber lands. Others live mendous impact which our schools make in the life in stranded villages in improvised houses going of youth. to rack and ruin. In the disadvantaged open country and in rural towns the young people are As a result of present day educational apoften under-nourished so that they fall easy vic- proaches rural youth, as never before, is questiontims to disease. They are unemployed and des- ing things as they have been and are. Old verities perate. lose their moral force in the presence of the logic of today's youth. They are learning how to dis- In many areas there are prosperous farms and cover new truths, how to create new patterns of vigorous, well-eared-for young people who move social and moral behavior. This situation renon in the realm of noble dreams; but these do not ders the approach of adults to youth problems far represent our rural mission problem today. Out more difficult than that of an earlier day. In a in the marginal disadvantaged areas throughout recent state-wide church group of rural youth this all rural America, forces are sensitive and opera- significant resolution was passed: "Our adults tive, endeavoring to bring back to disadvantaged have more problems of their own than they can rural youth the more abundant opportunities in solve. It is therefore highly necessary that we life. Perhaps it is not too late to recapture and go about to solve our own problems." conserve the finer achievements of American rurallife down through the centuries, and to rebuild The church probably has more rural youth in rural youth by making available the resources by its membership than in any other rural institution which the profounder depths of personality are or organization. Are we helping them to discover developed and maintained. themselves, their spiritual abilities and powers in the church and community? Have we been too The Federal Government is making a contribu- much interested in organizations in the church tion through certain emergency measures, such as for youth rather than in youth itself? We have the National Youth Administration, whereby it preached a great deal at youth, and we have creaids many rural youth to attend school. It has ated a great many things for them with the hope provided special courses in agricultural colleges of building up their faith and loyalty to the for farm boys and girls; it conducts work projects church, but too often our church organizations, for thousands of rural youth, as well as educa- our doctrines, our creeds, and our preachments tional guidance and job placement. More than have not been open doors of behavior patterns on 900,000 rural youth from low income relief fam- the level of youth's interests. ilies have been aided through the Civilian Conservation Corps. The Work Progress Administra- Youth in the country would like to see in their tion has reached a considerable number of rural churches and in the religious life of their people, youth through education projects, work projects, beauty and order together with a vital program and by provision for recreational activities. Other of action. They want responsibility for doing governmental agencies have aided rural youth things of great moment. They want a recreamore or less indirectly. tional program that embodies the development of skills and ability, as well as amusement. They Rural youth has also been greatly affected by want to experience a cooperative way of life for certain non-government agencies working in ru- the community. They want a spiritual program ral areas, such as the 4-H Clubs, Future Farmers which ties them to God through the church. They of America, Farm Bureau, Farmers Educational are asking for a voice in the midst of a faulty eduand Cooperative Union, and the National Grange. cation and in the breakdown of economic order These have developed to a very considerable ex- and unemployment. They are asking to be heard tent in rural areas. In addition there are many in a world of prejudices where there is a denial of localized projects throughout the country. It is opportunities-poverty, wars, and rumors of generally admitted that even with all these gov- wars. Youth calls for a prophet to lead them. ernment and non-government agencies, at work They are very eager to know about true religion.

RURAL YOUTH OF THE CHURCH TODAY

They want to see the church tie up vitally with the situation from it religious point of view was well rest of their life, with their school program, their expressed by one of the men of the community in dubs,societies, and their vocational interests. these terse words: "Our young people were going Back in an isolated cove of the Southern Moun- to Hell." On the one hand the fine, well-equipped, tains, where youth is supposed to be retarded and well-organized consolidated school was doing a bashful, the energies of a group of boys and girls, suc'cessful job for its youth; on the other hand who knew only how to "raise HeU" all up and there were four poor churches with divided inter- down the creek, drinking and cursing, were so ests, doing a very poor job for the same group of redirected under the leadership of a wise, pro- youth; this led the people of the community to do phetic laymen, that in the period of two years some serious thinking which ultimately led them they were quite capable of doing to unite their churches to form things that made them and oth- one large positive force. They ers happy. called a strong minister as their They took an old school house resident leader, and now have a and remodeled it to make a beau- church which the youth can look tiful rural church. After the upon with pride and say, "Our building was completed and church is just as fine as our cenpainted they landscaped it with tralized school. Our minister is native plants and trees. Later just as good as the principal of they built a recreational building our school. He is interested in all in the midst of a rhododendron the things we do and his friendly thicket .beside a swiftly flowing counsel helps us to do them betmountain stream. The hoys and ter."

girls worked together on these This new united church is projects during their spare time. crowded with young people.

Now they are singing the folk They are doing things in that songs and playing the folk games church which are just as cre- of the Southern Mountains and ative as those which they do of other countries. Near the through their 4-H Club work.

recreational building is an out- They have their Young People's door rendezvous. Needless to meetings, their club, recreation- say, all the young people of that al groups, and many special pro- community are actively enthusi- grams which they carry through.

astic. They are conscious that A wise lay leader found himthey have played a large creative self a few years ago in the open part in the reconstruction of the country in a beautiful valley of spiritual and social life of their about thirty square miles in area community. There is no diffi- where there were a number of culty here about the young peo- country churches and hundreds ple attending church or Sunday of young people. The ministers school or any other activity for were all bewailing the lack of the good of the community, for religious interest on the part of they have helped to create it, it the youth. They took every opis theirs. They are proud of it. portunity to tell them of their About eighteen years ago a sins, but had little to offer as rural community experienced substitutes except what to the the birth of a new consolidated RURAL YOUTH TODAY AT SCHOOL youth were vague abstract ideas.

public school made possible by The young people of the valley improved roads through the country districts and were called together one Sunday night for an open a growing cooperative spirit among the people. forum. Here they discussed their needs. That All the children of the community were brought very night an organization of the young people of to this fine school, which had a beautiful building, the valley was formed to meet monthly for var- good equipment, and excellent teachers. ious purposes. They met for social and recrea- In that same rural community ' were four tional activities; they met to sing; they spon- churches, all with poor buildings, no resident min- sored the Sunrise Easter Service of the commu- ister, church membership weak and becoming nity; they later created a Young People's Council weaker, Sunday schools gradually dying, no of the churches. Through this Youth Council de- young people's organizations. The young people's nominatioi1al harries were broken down through-

out the valley and a cooperative church spirit was effectively restored and saved to the nation their born that could never have existed had not the confidence, hope, ambition, aspiration, determina- youth been organized in this creative fashion. tion, pride and self-respect must be reconstructed.

Here the young people developed a new spiritual This is the task of the rural church, for there is life for themselves and also for their community, no other institution that can undertake and carry all of which has been reflected in the life of the through such a momentous responsibility. There churches of the area. is no other institution known to rural life that is Give rural young people a chance to use their so well fitted with philosophy, idealism and methcreative genius in the church under wise Chris- od to provide the needed sympathy and prophetic tian leadership and we need not fear them or fear direction to complete rural living by disadvanfor them. They know well the significance of taged youth of the soil as is the Christian Church. creative work. They bring out of a setting of The holy work of the rural church is to build out eggs a flock of chickens; out of a pig they develop of these hopeless, spiritless lives which poverty a hog; they grow a cow out of a calf. Out of has strewn over this fair land of ours, youthful grains of wheat, corn, or cotton they produce a lives strong and true.

worthy harvest. God's creative way of living is Herein is a challenge to our Christian churches an integral part of the life of rural youth. As for unity of purpose and method of work, such as rural church leaders we must translate this vital never has come from the good earth of America, power of youth into the spiritual world and teach to provide a good church without competition in them how to live creatively in the Kingdom of every American rural community, with a well- God. • trained and efficient ministry, and an ongoing Rural youth has a big job in any community, a program attuned to the problems, needs and activ- job that will challenge ities of rural youth, their creative zeal, a job thus creating a new that should build them Christian rural life.

into integral parts of the church life. What MOUNTAIN CHIL- is needed to reach such DREN READ THEIR a goal is a wise leader TESTAMENTS to help youth discover The Bible Institute its spiritual job in the Colportage Association, church and community founded by Dwight L.

and to frankly face that Moody in 1894 for the job and see it through. pUblication and distri- Youth, through the bution 0 f evangelical consolidated schools and Christian literature, other community insti- A RURAL CHURCH IN THE MOUNTAINS-AT CARMEN sent 9,969 shipments of tutions, is learning to books, booklets, Gospels, live and act cooperatively. Too frequently the New Testaments, Gospel tracts and miscellaneous churches are too numerous in rural communities. books to mountain schools in the South last year They are competitive in character and disrupt the -a total of 564,682 copies.

social unity of the community. All of this is a The Episcopal Recorder quotes from a letter mystery to oncoming youth. 'They wonder why written by a mountain girl to her teacher, in which there should be such a division and competition she says: in Christian life and work. Our rural youth offer a new challenge to united religious effort in all "Mother and Dad never had a Bible in their of our rural communities. Christian intelligence house, and never did any reading, until you gave demands a united church, the best of equipment, us the Book of John and the Pocket Treasury; the finest leadership and program, so that when but now they are getting interested in the Lora." youth compares its church with its school it will The teacher adds: "The children are more interfind that the church is an institution of which it ested in the Lord and want to take fifteen minutes each day to read th~ir Testaments. They are askcan justly be proud because of what it does for ing questions about the Bible. I want them to them, then they will give to it their loyalty, their read the Testament through before school is out, support, and their lives. and help them in every way I can."

Many of the ten million youth in rural Amer- Teachers in these mountain schools report a ica are disadvantaged through poverty. The gov- marked improvement in the morals and conduct of ernment and other organizations are making their their pupils since this work of literature distribu- contributions but if these young people are to be tion was undertaken.

Today and

By a WAYFARER The author of this article has first-hand knowledge of the situation in Spain T HE end of the Civil War in Spain, with the ister of the former, the Rev. Atilano Coco was shot surrender of Madrid on the 28th of March in prison; the incumbent of the latter, Rev. Mr. brought to an end one of the great tragedies Borrobia is still in prison. Liberty of propaof modern times. All who know Spain never had ganda, without which a religious minority cannot any doubt as to the ultimate issue, but all were thrive, was carried on normally in Government surprised that an improvised army, without sci- territory but was prohibited in the Nationalist entific training, was able to hold out so long area. The sale of the Christian Scriptures reached against superior forces equipped with modern record figures in republic or Loyalist Spain durlethal weapons. Neither side is without reproach ing the conflict but was prohibited in the country for many excesses· were committed that history dominated by General Franco. Registered parcels will condemn. The Nationalists, in spite of their of Bibles, sent from London to Vigo, were reclaim to a pure patriotism, opened the door to the turned marked "Prohibited by the Military Cenforeign invader and armed the Moors, the heredi- sorship."

tary enemies of Spain, in order that they might Fears for the safety of the Protestant minority kill Christians. The ruthless repression of the and the continuance of the work lead the British Basque autonomists, with its massacre of priests Committee for the Evangelization of Spain to ap- and civilians will not soon be forgotten. Franco point a delegation, under the presidency of Dr.

too seems to have been unable to restrain the Rushbrook, to call on the Duke of Alba, the official Falangists and Requetes in their zeal to extermi- representative of the Nationalist Government in nate "the Red vermin." Spanish Anarchists, al- London, asking for assurances of protection and lied with Communists, by killing priests and burn- liberty. Through his good offices certain questions ing churches, discredited the Loyalist Govern- concerning the maintenance of religious liberty ment cause and alienated sympathy that would and propaganda were submitted to General Franco otherwise have been theirs. It would be as fool- who later replied guaranteeing liberty of worship. ish to hold Senor Azana personally responsible for On being further questioned as to whether this . this as it would be to make Franco wholly respon- included liberty of propaganda the General replied sible for the excesses of his irregular troops. It in the affirmative and this declaration was pub- is a significant fact neither seems to have pos- lished in English newspapers. sessed the authority necessary to dominate the sit- uation. In this age, however, promises do not seem to have the same sacred character as formerly. The As to the religious situation generally speaking dead cannot- be raised but if General Franco would both sides maintained the degree of religious lib- release Evangelical workers who are still in pris- erty that obtained in Spain at the outbreak of the on and allow the reopening of closed Protestant war. At an early stage the Government published churches, such as those of Barcelona that have a decree to prevent excesses and inviting Roman been closed since the Nationalist occupation of Catholic priests to return to their parishes. At the city, that would go far to inspire confidence. no time was Protestant worship suspended in the Government-controlled area; nor were their build- Moreover the news that filters through from ings destroyed. Christian services were carried Spain is increasingly ominous. On the 3d of May on throughout the struggle, frequently in build- a decree ordered the replacing of the Crucifix in ings damaged by enemy aircraft. In Nationalist all schools, whether Government or private. None territory Roman Catholic worship was celebrated will be allowed to function until it has obeyed this in pre-republican splendor. Protestant services injunction. The teaching of the Roman Catholic continued without interference in most towns and religion has been made obligatory in all schools. were well attended. Conspicuous exceptions were The children are obliged to attend Mass. If any Salamanca and Valladolid where Protestant special provision has been made for non-Catholic churches were closed early in the war. The min- children we have not heard of it. All civil serv- ants too are required to give proof of Catholic [357 ]

piety (pruebas de piedad cristia1W) , that is to be brothers united in one conception of the State say, fulfil the obligations of the Roman Catholic and in one religion." But Franco's forces contain religion. Again there is no mention of exemption groups with opposing ideologies. It is easier for non-Catholics. A list of prohibited books has to conceive the lion and the lamb lying down been prepared. Only accepted books may be circulated in Spanish in Spain. Inquiries at the together than Falangists and Requetes living in Spanish Embassy brought forth the statement peace. The Spaniards are a proud people whose that the Bible is not included in the list. Finally, soil has been trodden and their blood shed by foraccording to newspaper and radio reports, the eign invaders. Official friendship may be main- Civil Marriage Law, instituted by the Republic, tained with the invading countries but the people has been repealed and 60 days have been given to who have suffered will not forget. It is even more all married under this law to remarry according difficult to visualize post-civil-war Spain as united to Roman Catholic rites. Failing this their chil- by a common religion. A large part of many of dren will be declared illegitimate. Now as confes- the Spanish people have an inherited hatred and sion is required before marriage in the Roman distrust of the Roman Catholic Church which is Catholic Church, and no so called, "heretic" can considered as the enemy of liberty and a barrier receive absolution, remarriage, under these con- to progress. This feeling has shown itself in ditions, would seem to be equivalent to being re- periods of national tumult by the burning of ceived into the Church. The Spanish Embassy church property. Is it conceivable that the conconfirms the, promulgation of this Law but they duct of the Roman Catholic Church during the have not yet received the text. The conservative civil war was such as to win these people for its French newspaper Le Temps in its issue of April cause? There have been too many priests of the 25th, says that more than 30,000 couples in Madrid type of Zafra who, waving his pistol in the air, alone are affected. They are being remarried at boasted that it has sent more than 100 Marxists to the rate of 650 a day. their account. Even the holy lives and sacrificial death of such men as the Franciscan, Father Re- What will be the position of non-Catholics under ville, who was shot for protesting against the murthis reactionary decree? We do not know as we der of inoffensive citizens, cannot blot out the have not seen the text. We can only hope that memory of others better known whose conduct was there are attenuating clauses in it that are not different. Cardinal Mercier, whose heroism Belmentioned in the first reports. gium will never forget, visited Spain on one occa- I On the 19th of April a deputation from the sion. On his return a friend congratulated him on i'British Committee" again called at the Spanish having seen that most Christian country, to which Embassy in London. In the absence of the Am- the Cardinal replied pensively, "Christian? Do bassador the news of the closing of the Barcelona you think so?" churches-the other information mentioned above had not then been received-was brought to the Spain needs Christ. Not the crucifix hanging notice of the Chief Secretary, the Marquis de los round the necks of bloodstained Requetes and Santos, and the contrast between this event and Moors but the Christ of the Gospels who died the promises given on the occasion of the previ- expressing forgiveness to his enemies. He alone ous visit were emphasized. can lead Spain forward to that new epoch of peace and prosperity desired by all true friends. Pray We hear much of the new Spain that is to rise that there may be an open-door in Spain for men on the ruins of the old. It is, we are told, to be who incarnate the virtues associated with the di- "prosperous and powerful. Its inhabitance will vine character of Jesus, the Christ.

One of India's political leaders said of Stanley Jones: "We always know where he is com- ing out. If he begins at the binomial theorem, he will come out at the place of conversion." And to this Stanley Jones replies: "Right. I make no apologies, for life comes out at that place. Amid all the changes which have taken place in the mind and spirit of this age there is one underlying need that has not changed-men need conversion. But we now see that that conversion is bigger in its scope than we had dreamed-the individual and society must shift the basis from self-centeredness to God. For conversion is that change, sudden or gradual, by which we pass from the kingdom of self to the Kingdom of God through the grace and power of Christ."

and Religion in

By REV. and MRS. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, recently * of Kortcha; founders of the Albanian Mission A LBANIA, which has recently been front page day dropped leaflets guaranteeing the free exer- .r-. news in the press dispatches on account of cise of religious beliefs." the Italian occupation and the flight of The virile Albanian mountaineers trace their King Zog with his wife and baby, lies north and history (according to Max Muller and others) west of Greece, and across the Adriatic Sea from back to the Pelasgic race. In ancient times they Italy. The country is smaller than the State of were pushed back into their mountain fortresses Maryland and the total population (800,000) is by the Romans, Goths, Bulgars, Serbs, and Turks.

about the size of Baltimore. The people are three- For nearly five hundred years they remained fourths Mohammedan; the remaining fourth be- under the Turks, then they became independent; ing about equally divided between the Roman now they are subject to Italy.

Catholics of the north and the Eastern Orthodox The first Bible colporteur to come to these moun- of the south. Islam was forced on this sturdy tain people was Gerasim Kyrias, an Albanian. He race before the fall of Constantinople in 1453. had been educated under the American Board Their honored patriot, George Castriot Skender- Mission. He was captured and held for ransom, beg who died in 1468, is the hero in James M. but money was raised, through the efforts of the Ludlow's "A Captain of the Janissaries." Evangelical missionaries, and was used for his re':'

The Rev. Arthur W. Konrad of the Evangelical lease. While his health was seriously impaired Mission writes that some Italian bombs proved to by his rigorous experience, he and his sister were be "stuffed with paper and wood, used only to instrumental in establishing in Kortcha an evanscare and not to exterminate." He speaks also of gelical day and boarding school for girls in 1891. the friendliness of the Italian army when it en- This school they carried on for some years. tered the city of Kortcha. A generation ago a young Mohammedan Al- At latest reports the Albanian flag was still banian entered the offic·e of the American Board flying with the flag of Italy. Albania has now a of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Boston reconstructed government, and, according to and gave a modern Macedonian call: "Come over newspaper accounts, many of the people are jubi- and help us." This touched the heart of the secrelant over having Victor Emanuel III as King and tary of the Board, Dr. James L. Barton, and a Emperor. Albania has lost her brief independ- special fund was raised which enabled the Board ence and she is now related closely with to send out Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy in 1907. While Italy in whatever the future holds. Since the the Turks attempted to prevent the missionaries' Italian occupation of Albania, (April, 1939) there entrance, permission was finally granted on the has been time for some details to filter through basis of American treaty rights. The little school to America. This occupation seems to have been started by Gerasim Kyrias in Kortcha was a veriinevitable due to several years of Italian financial table "cradle of liberty" and was the only girls' aid in the material development of the country. school in the country where the Albanian lan- Moreover dissatisfaction was beginning to be felt guage was taught. Preaching and Sabbath school by many of the Albanians against the Zog regime services in the language of the people were held, in which overtaxed the people. spite of opposition both from the Turkish Govern- ment and from the Moslem and Greek Orthodox The Rev. Edwin Jacques, another Evangelical leaders. From time to time Albanians have conmissionaries, says in his "postscript" to a recent fessed their faith in Christ and have been received circular letter (written before the occupation), into the little Evangelical circle. The occupation "To quiet Moslem forebodings airplanes yester- of southern Albania, during the Balkan War made it necessary for the missionaries to leave, but the * Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy, the founders of the Albanian Evangelical way was opened to do relief work among the starving and dying Moslem refugees in the north, MiSSion, are now in America, having passed over to their fellow with headquarters in Durazzo. After four or five miSSionaries, Messrs. Jacques and Konrad, all the property held by them, both mission and private. Their address is 332 West 12th Street, New York. They expect to work among Albanian communities in America and are ready to accept speaking engagements.

-EDITOR.

[359 ]

years' absence, while the World War was still in Two young missionary couples, Rev. and Mrs. progress, the Kennedys were able to re-enter Kortcha, and soon the attendance at the re-opened Edwin Jacques and Rev. and Mrs. Arthur W. school and at the Evangelical services was larger than before. Konrad were added to the staff and are now con- The income of the American Board being in- ducting the mission. adequate they decided to withdraw from Albania in 1922, expecting that another board would take While the great need in Albania today is to over the work, but this was not done. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy therefore decided to conduct the reach tre Moslems, there is also a call to teach work on interdenominational lines and founded the Evangelical Mission as an independent "Faith" the unenlightened Roman Catholic and Greek work in 1923. The so-called Kyrias School, having been moved to Tirana, the capital, a new school Orthodox Christians. Albanians are "very reliwas established in Kortcha and village evangelistic services were carried on regularly. When the gious" but their religion is largely outward and independent State was formed, the Albanian language could be taught without the protection of formal. Those who have had a real experience the American flag so that many, who were not vitally interested in the dospel, lost their interest of Christ are deeply concerned for the salvation in the mission. Nevertheless the school grew so that it was necessary to add more rooms and em- of their fellow Albanians. ploy additional teachers. The Bible was regularly taught in all classes three times a week and new The country has passed through many political . members were added to the Evangelical circle. Later, with the growth of nationalism, the Al- changes under Turkish, Greek, French, Albanian banian Government was influenced to close all private schools, including the mission school. The and now Italian flags. What this new change may prejudice of the people has been dispelled, and more time can be devoted to distinct evangelism. mean for Evangelical work is known only to God.

Certain it is that the Albanian people need the clear Gospel message, proclaimed by the power of the Spirit of God. .

Some day there may be a Christian mass move- ment in Albania, for many are dissatisfied with empty religious forms and superstition. They are "almost persuaded" to become real followers of Jesus Christ as the Son of God and to accept Him as their Lord and Saviour. They are a noble race of people, and hold a strategic position in the Bal- kans. Shall we not give them the entire Bible in their language, and evangelize this field while it is yet day? The night cometh in Europe and the Near East, when no man can work.

Liberty and Religion in Red Russia * By COLONEL F. J. MILES, D.S.O., O.B.E., V.D.

International Secretary of the Russian Missionary Society, Inc.

N UMERICALLY, the Russians form the tive Committee viewed with alarm the lack of in- greatest white race in the world, 210 mil- crease due to licensed lasciviousness, reduced it to lion people. Of these approximately 180 latitude, and by law abolished liberty and free millions live within the borders of Soviet Russia, provision of hospitals and surgeons for the pera tract of territory so vast that it stretches from formance of certain operations. The year that Europe to the Pacific; from the White Sea to the the alteration took place making the operation Black, from the Baltic to the Balkans; so huge illegal, the population grew by four and a half that when it is twelve noon in Moscow it is seven million. It is anticipated that the futur·e normal o'clock in the evening at Vladivostock. In this increase will be at the rate of seven million per land, which covers one-sixth of the earth's sur~ annum, until in 1970 there will be three hundred face, one-fourth of Asia and one-third of Europe, million resident in the U. S. S. R. Lenin's widow there dwell 170 races speaking 120 different is leading a journalistic campaign and nation-wide tongues and dialects. There are White Russians movement in fayor of large families. and Little Russians; .Cossacks and Caucasians; Georgians and Ukrainians, and the like. The laws concerning religion govern the whole of the Federated Soviet States. It is, of course, The population was increasing at the rate of true that the farther one gets from the capital three million per annum, until the Central Execu- cities the more likelihood there is that laws will not be so strictly observed. For instance, I vis- • From the E'IIamgeUoal O'hristi<z.n, Jamlary. 1939.

LIBERTY AND RELIGION IN RED RUSSIA

ited a collective farm in the Don Cossack country. mummified bodies lying side by side in the Cathe- The village was still called by its· old Czarist name dral of St. Isaac in Leningrad. The centre one -Alexander the Second! But the collective farm is a "saint," and the outside two are a peasant that included it as its centre, and on which all the man and woman. The stage is set to show that not villagers worked was styled "October 25th"! I sainthood, but chemical processes were responmanaged to "lose myself" from the Field Briga- sible for the preservation. Moreover, into the dier, who made it his business to carefully shep- hand of a corpse lying in the Russian coffin, which herd me around, and I wandered down the village has casket and lid of equal depths, there was street "visiting." placed a Greek Orthodox passport to heaven, printed in Archaic Greek. This had to be pur- One cleanly-clad housewife called me into her chased from the priest and without it there was home where I found in the living-room five ikons, no hope of the departed entering paradise! In the and in the adj oining bedroom another two, each first instance, persecution was directed against with its little red lamp burning beneath it. I this church which was characterized by creed, found that nearly every worker on this intensely ceremonial, crude teaching, and too often not by communistically named farm was still living reli- Christian character. giously as in the old "Holy Russia," and that the bulk of the people, in spite of the five-day week, The Stundists were given a freedom, under were actually worshipping in the little church which they increased with such remarkable rabuilding of the Greek Orthodox Church every sev- pidity that the Central Executive Committee beenth day. came alarmed. They reasoned that the church of these Christians who refused to participate in The American secular press has been misled party politics or to bear arms, was necessarily into stating that the new constitution affords reli- opposed to the Bolshevic plan for world-wide antigious liberty to Soviet citizens. The conditions religious communistic dominion. Their rapid inremain as they were before the draft sent out to crease was, therefore, a menace to the Soviet plan. the Soviets in February, was "adopted" in No- So the forces of persecution were focused upon vember of 1936, and became law on January, 1937. them. No Christian is persecuted as such and Articles 124 and 125 provide for "liberty for anti- no evangelist is banished merely for preaching religious propaganda" and "freedom to perform the Gospel. They are charged as counter revoreligious rites." News editors did not sense the lutionaries. But. facts are stubborn things. Forworld of difference between the two. It simply meant that elderly folk who still clung to their merly we had sixty-six consecrated Russian evanreligious ceremonial could continue to follow it. gelists within the U. S. S. R. Today only five are left and they are in exile. None of the "liquidated" The revolt, while :;tgainst all religion, was in the men ever engaged in any counter-revolutionary first place a revolution against the National Or- propaganda or activity. Before me are the rethodox Church. From the standpoint of the anti- ports for August, 1938. (1) In the Far East God and anti-religious hosts, it was justified. a purge of Baptist churches is taking place There were notable exceptions, as in the case of and the leaders are being charged as "Japanese the Patriarch Tikhon, and the Metropolitan Ben- spies." This is in harmony with the procedure in jamin, the one dying in prison and the other being the West where evangelists and pastors were shot. Before the tribunal the Metropolitan said, exiled· or shot as German spies. (2) Baptist "If I must die, I will die as a Christian." But the groups in Tolka have been "liquidated." Tolka is old Russian Church was largely led by illiterate in the Caucasus. (3) Baptists in the Caucasus and immoral men like that "holy devil of Russia" were accused of (a) hindering the election of -Rasputin. Priests in the provinces actually Stalin candidates at the recent elections; and taught the people that the bodies of believers were (b) conducting religious. propaganda among the immortal, and that when a believer died the body hospital workers of the district. (4) A Baptist remained intact until the judgment day! They pastor of twenty years' standing in one of the exhibited bodies of saints in glass cases in their oldest churches in the autonomous Udmurpk Rechurches. When the revolution came, the anti- public was arrested as a German spy. (5) Evanreligious hosts opened the graves and disclosed gelistic groups in the Crimea were "liquidated." that they only contained decomposing bones. They smashed the glass cases and revealed that the It seems strange that in a land where capital bodies of saints were "fakes." Not all; for the punishment has been abolished hundreds of men ground beneath the monastery of Pechersk at are being shot daily. The military and naval lead- Kieff, the ancient capital of Russia and the pres- ers are shot so that they may be replaced by noment capital of the Ukraine, has the property of inees of Stalin and Company. I ventured to ask preserving bodies interred therein. The monks a City Magistrate in his Chambers in Mosco.w how were quick to take advantage of this and instituted he explained this anomaly. Indignantly he couna mummy factory. • . . 1J'here are three complete tered, "But we do not hang people up and leave

them hanging till they die; we shoot them in- in 1936, twenty-seven in 1937; there are less tostantly and put an end to their misery." And I day. The last German Lutheran Church was found that this university trained man, who had closed in August, 1938, when the pastor died. In taken a juridical course, really believed this. A Omsk, Siberia, with a population of two and a few weeks later I was on the lower Volga, and two quarter million, only three churches remain open. Scotch ladies, traveling first-class, were being con- In a town on the lower Volga, with a population ducted by a Girl Guide interpreter. She told them of eighty thousand, five churches were open when this same story. I had several conversations with I visited it a couple of years back: two Greek her, as we were several days on the boat. During Orthodox, two Roman Catholic, and one German the recent winter she had passed an examination Lutheran. For all practical purposes they might in an additional language, so was receiving an as well be closed. The vital religious work in that extra fifty rubles a month pay, and had been pre- community is being carried on in private circles sented with an English up-to-date edition of a of Brethren, Baptists and Evangelical Christians. work by Frederick Engels in which it was claimed that during the previous year in the Brit- Some reports appear in the press of churches ish Isles, men were banished for life to convict settlements overseas for poaching rabbits, and being full. hanged for stealing sheep. I published excerpts There are enough elderly folk (with whom the from this work in the British Press. Noone has dared to attempt to refute what I wrote. Soviet cannot be bothered-"They'll die off soon, anyway") to fill the buildings that still remain Effect of Censorship open at Easter, and at the three-day Christmas (January 6th) of which Greek Orthodox churches Lamentable ignorance of conditions in Russia make so much. But in the few churches remainand in the other lands is due to the censorship ing open, what can be done? The pastor may which is, applied both in and out of the U. S. S. R. preach on the premises, but nowhere else. He is For instance, no paper, periodical, or magazine taken up for interrogation periodically, and comes Duhlished abroad is permitted to enter Russia. out of the ordeal a nervous wreck. No literature The population gets its ideas concerning "starv- is allowed on the premises except such as is absoing and revolting peoples" of other lands from lutely needful for the conduct of worship. No government controlled papers, in order that by meetings may be held for women or young people. contrast they may be the more content with the It is a criminal offence to gather three young peo- Soviet regime. All who regularly write or are ple under the age of eighteen to teach them reliwritten to come under suspicion. I have before gion. No teacher is permitted to enter any place me a communication from K– asking us not of worship. No social service may be rendered, to write more at present. Believers and others lest by so doing the church should influence those under suspicion are tortured to secure confes- helped to become religious. The church is under sions; nothing to eat or drink; no sleep-terrible! a graduated tax that is increased periodically till, It is such torture that induces wholesale confes- in spite of severest sacrifice, it can no longer be sions of "counter revolutionaries." There have paid; then automatically the Soviet takes over been many positive acts against religion. Church the building because those using Government buildings were taken over by the Government. All property have not paid their dues. It is all quite private property was nationalized, including the lawful and legitimate! !! If the pastor dies, no churches. Like so many other communistic prin- successor may be elected and the church is liquiciples the abolition of private property has broken dated. The German Lutheran Church at Gorki down in practice. For instance, Cooperatives are (Nizni-Novgorod) has been closed for this reason allowed to erect buildings and sell the apartments for years. Apparently the local Soviet has no use to their members. Most of the church buildings for the building. were closed and converted to secular uses such as bureaus, workshops, factories, apartments, clubs, In one city where we bought land and erected a kolkhos (stores for collective farms), public con- building wherein thousands of souls were saved, veniences, etc. "Dom Evangelia" in Leningrad our people were expelled, but permitted to conis a workers' club. for the men who make nails in tinue to meet twice in what we call one week, in a the metal factory opposite. The cathedrals of St. hall attached to a former Greek Orthodox Church Isaac in Leningrad, of St. Basil in the Red Square building which they shared with followers of anof Moscow, and that of St. Andrew in Kieff are other persuasion. Needing this, the local Soviet anti-God and anti-religious, museums. turned them out. They have been driven from pillar to post, hampered, hindered, harassed-yet Of 1636 Greek Orthodox churches in Moscow on the 29th day of January last year, in one meetbefore the revolution, thirty only were left open ing they baptized fifty converts on profession of faith.

Since May, 1929, the Bible has been banned. It is a criminal offence in Soviet Russia to print,

publish, circulate or distribute the Word of God 87 per cent of the Russian population were illitor any portion of it. We printed the largest edi- erate. Now only 14 per cent are, and in the intion of Russian Bibles that ever came off the press dustrial areas, only 8 per cent. But every day 25 -81,000 copies. Before the officials became so million children going to school are taught that alert we sent copies back by the lumbermen who there is no God; never was. a Creator, and are brought the rafts and logs down the rivers to the subject to such caricatures of Christianity, and border states. Our men carried them over the such blasphemous cartoons of Christ that I canborder at dead of night, taking their lives in their not bring myself to describe them. No teacher in hands every time they crossed. In markets far school, college, or university is permitted to enter away from Moscow bidding may proceed for a any place of worship. And yet all over Soviet few mushrooms spread out on a bag-but the real Russia today there are sporadic outbursts of reobject is under the bag, a second-hand Bible or vival among young people (over 50 percent of Testament. When the government said in effect the population, i. e., all the young people, have -"You shall not have the Book in your hands," passed through these schools), and especially the Believers replied, "Then we'll put it into our among young men in the factories, so the local heads and enthrone it on our hearts." So they leaders are sending to Moscow asking that special studied and committed to memory the Sacred speakers be sent to combat the religious revival. Word. Now, when they gather round our evangelists in "bears' caves," they repeat passages of I dare not close this article without giving evi- Scripture and so illumine and inspire, instruct, dence of the truthfulness of the above, from offiexhort, and "comfort one another with these cial Soviet sources, lest I be charged with rowords." mancing.

There is no food shortage in Russia in Europe Lunarcharsky, former Commissar of Education today, though sometimes failure in distribution in the Central Executive Committee, issued a occurs. There is still shortage in Russia in Asia, manifesto in which he stated: and we still need to send food parcels. to Christians and banished evangelists in concentration camps We hate Christians. Even the best of them must be rein the Far East. Nothing but our food parcels garded as our worst enemies. They preach love to one's stands between them and starvation. Until food neighbors and pity, which is contrary to our principles ( !). tickets and ration cards were abolished no priest, Christian love is a hindrance to the development of the rabbi, moulvic, pastor, evangelist, editor of reli- revolution. Down with love for one's neighbors. What we gious pamphlets, or tradesman dealing in any re- want is hatred. We must know how to hate, for only at ligious article, nor his wife or family, was per- this price can we conquer the universe. We have done with mitted to have a ticket or card. Thousands who the kings of the earth, let us deal with the Kings of the wished to be loyal to the Lord "whom not having skies. All religions are poison. They intoxicate and deaden seen (they) love," were living on the bark and the mind, the will, the conscience (!). A fight to the death roots of trees, on nettle grass, and on field mice. must be declared upon religion. Our task is to destroy all kinds of religion, all kinds of morality. In spite of these conditions there has been, and still is, a real religious revival. Let him tell us how they succeeded. Trud, whieh means "labor," is the chief workers' organ; In the U. S. S. R. one evangelist, now in exile, Comsomolska Pravda is "Truth for Youth"; in three months, in three villages far from the Pravda, meaning "Truth," is the chief organ of capital, baptized 450 converts. Next spring he the Communist Party; while Izvestia, "News," is baptized 154 more in two months. Then he went that of the Government. In Southern Russia it is to prison for a technical offence in connection with said that there is no news in the Truth, and no preaching. Not to the Solovetsky Islands, the truth is the News. Writing in Izvestia in 1929 most rigorous imprisonment in the world, but to on the basis of the figures of his own department, a "house of re-education," in which the offenders Lunarcharsky affirmed that in 1917 there were are .given a good time, to induce them to come out only 700,000 members of the Communist Party, good supporters of the Soviet regime. Freedom but in 1927 they had grown to 1,700,000. But in therein enabled our man to preach to those who 1917 there were only 100,000 Stundists, and in would not have listened to him outside, also to hold 1927 over six millions. The Christians had outprayer meetings. Several prisoners were con- lived, outwitnessed, and outnumbered the Comverted. When he was discharged he found that munists by six to one, and this in spite of Governhis wife had carried on so effectively during his ment support of the latter, and satanic and Soviet incarceration that he had to baptize another 12'6 opposition of the former. converts. The Party Commander of the Bezbojniks (the The greatest achievement of the Soviets has Godless), Em. Yaroslavsky, has recently published been in the realm of education. Before the revolt an explanation which is an apology for failure in the Scientific Journal, Antireliginoznik. In it he has to confess that about two-thirds of the rural

pop1l1ation, and one-third of that in the towns, the ministers of the cult must be viewed as fraudstill continue faithful to religion. He admits that ulent members of the Party. All our skill must while the Government can prohibit support of the consist in systematically and unremittingly de- Church, and separate the Church and the school priving the Church of its head; in striking the by decree, "a decree is powerless to efface reli- blow at the Shepherd and alluring the sheep into gious ·conception"; "being deprived of an edifice our own stable" (sic!). has not killed the religious feeling of believers," and even "the Pioneers frequent the Church in There is one reason why the anti-religious hosts great numbers." He claims. that the coercive have failed. Jesus said, "On this Rock (faith in measures have been a mistake: they have failed; Christ as the Son of God) I will build my church and concludes that "The masses must be tamed by and the gates of hades shall not prevail against kindness." But–"We must outroot religion, and it" (Matt. 16: 18). My Master always keeps His word.

Forty Years' Progress in Latin America By REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, New York Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; For Forty Years a Missionary in South America I N THESE chaotic moder:::J. times, forty years United States flag was seldom seen on the few constitute as long a period in the life of a na- ships which then made the run to South America. tion as in the life of an individual. Changes, The investment of North American capital, could rapid and cataclysmic, occur, even in the coun- not have exceeded a few hundred millions in all tries that have been fully organized for centuries Latin America. In 1937, the total investment was and whose traditions and form of government ap- reported to be about $6,500,000,000. pear to be crystallized and unshakable. In younger nations, such as those of Latin America such 2. Politically-Few governments of the very changes, though less sudden and dramatic com- young republics were then more than oligarchies. pared with those of Europe during past years, are A small number of families, in each of them, connevertheless well defined and epoch-making. sidered the presidency and other public offices their peculiar right and saw to it that the power The writer of this article journeyed to Latin was kept within their limited circle. As an illus- America, for the first time, more than 40 years ago, tration, one lady, known to the writer, was the and, except for occasional visits to the homeland, daughter, the sister and the wife of a President lived all that time south of the equator. He has of her country. Today, though not to the same dethus been able to note the changes in the commer- gree in all the republics, the democratic form of cial, political and religious life of the peoples of government prevails, and most of them, like Arthose lands which have marked their slow but gentina, Brazil and Chile, merit the high esteem sure progress toward equal standing with the in which they are held by the peoples of Europe older peoples of Europe and North America. A and North America. brief description of some of these changes may be of interest. 3. Culturally-Public instruction has made great advance and the formerly high percentage 1. Economically-Forty years ago, the immense of analphabets has been correspondingly reduced. natural resources of Latin America lay practically The oldest university of Latin America was founduntouched. The great modern industries of min- ed 56 years before the first permanent English ing, cattle-raising, the elaboration of nitrate; settlement w:as made in North America, and 85 banking, railways, manufactures, shipping, the years before John Harvard made possible the importation of machinery and automobiles, and institution that bears his name. Today, the best of other commercial activities-all these were but these universities equal those of the United States in their infancy. The United States, in particular, or Europe as centers of learning, and the intellechad not attempted to discover in those lands a tual spire of Latin America is as high as our own, market for its excess products. There was not a though it is more slender. In the learned profes- North American bank south of Mexico, and the sions, especially in law and medicine, are found

19391 FORTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA

men and women of the highest professional prep- As a result of this exclusionist policy, when aration, fully the equals of their colleagues in evangelical missions began to extend their work with greater earnestness and conviction, forty or other lands. more years ago, they found certain conditions 4. Religiously-The pioneers and founders of which had to be overcome if that work was to be successful. Among these were the following: the colonies of Spain in the New World differed from those who laid the foundations of religious life in what is now the territory of the United (a) There was no liberty of worship. Free States of America. The groups that came to those thought was in itself considered heretical; the shores, Catholic and Protestant alike, were simply press was under the absolute control of the seeking a place where, quietly and unostentatious- Church, and, in some of the most backward coun- ly, they might worship God according to the dic- tries, death was the legal penalty for adherence to tates of their own consciences. Spanish discover- any religion other than that of the dominant ers and conquistadores, in the lands that now con- Church.

stitute what we call Latin America, were of a (b) There was no civil marriage law. The only more militant mold and sought to establish not legal ceremony was that performed by a priest of only the power of the King whom they represented the State Church; children of those otherwise but also that of their particular Chm'ch. They wedded were ipso facto considered illegitimate. flung to the breeze not only the colors of Ferdi- Even Protestant missionaries, wedded on the field, nand and Isabel, King and Queen of Castile and were required to secure the services of a friendly Aragon, but also those of the Supreme Pontiff priest. To satisfy their own consciences, they of Rome. Even the sails of the caravels of Chris- might have another ceremony performed by a topher Columbus and of less worthy conquista- Protestant minister, but this latter ceremony had dores who came after him, had imprinted upon no legal significance whatsoever. them the figure of the cross and the words, "with this sign you will conquer." Columbus is said to (c) There were no civil cemeteries. The bodies have considered his name Christopher, "Christ- of deceased dissenters were thrown into the sea, bearer," a good omen, and historians tell us that or were buried surreptitiously by night in some his hope was to secure funds from the newly unfrequented spot. About the middle of the past acquired lands in order to finance another crusade century, a progressive Mayor in one of the South against the Turks. American capitals when converting a hitherto' undeveloped hill i,nto a park, found at its base a In view of this deeply religious motive that in- collection of human bones, and on the site placed spired and encouraged the Spanish pioneers in Latin America, which was largely in conformity a tablet with the inscription, "To the memory 0/ with the spirit of the times, in both Roman Catholic and Protestant lands, it is not strange that the exiled from heaven and earth who were buried the type of Christianity which became the official in this place." religion of the Colonies of Spain, and, afterward, of the younger republics that grew out of those (d) Possession and reading of the Bible was proscribed by the Church itself and, under the in- fluence of the Church, by officials of the State. A colonies, should have been ultra-fanatical, ex- customs officer in Ecuador, toward the end of the tremely jealous of its own prerogatives, and dis- past century, refused to admit a box of Christian Scriptures; pointing toward one of the towering posed to resist, to the last degree, the entrance peaks of the nearby Andes, he said, "So long as and propagation of the beliefs of any other sect Chimborozo stands, that Book shall not enter this or denomination. The spirit of the Inquisition, country." typical of the religious life of the time, especially in Southern Europe, was deep-rooted. Branches The distressing religious conditions that preof that feared and hated body were set up in vari- vailed in the countries of Latin America a half ous centers, especially in Lima, the capital of the century ago have been narrated in order to show viceroys, and in Cartagena de las Indias, now one the historical background against which we may of the port cities of the modern republic of Colom- throw into clearer light the situation as it is today.

bia. So strong did the Church become, so thor- The former unfortunate conditions have now oughly did it indoctrinate the peoples, that when very largely disappeared-due largely to a closer the colonies, following the lead given by those of contact with Europe and North America, made Great Britain, in North America, and by France, possible, in part at least, by more modern means gave way to republics, at the beginning of the 19th of communication. The changed situation has ·century, the representatives of the Papacy were also been greatly helped by the liberalizing, reflex able to have written into the constitution of the influence of Evangelical missions. Today, in every newly-created states the words, "The religion of one of the 20' republics of Latin America, there is this State is the Holy, Roman, Catholic, Apostolic, complete freedom of worship; the only legal mar- to the exclusion of all others." riage ceremony is that performed by an official of

the State; cemeteries are open to the dead of all friendly eye and are evidently willing to forget faiths or of none; and the Bible is widely and some episodes of the past in which the "big stick" freely circulated. In one South American republic, played too prominent a part. Brazil, there is now an estimated total of 1,500,000 Evangelical Christians; in all there is a steadily Probably no part of the world has made such growing National Evangelical Church which is economic and cultural advance in the past forty willing to cooperate in many respects with the years in a quiet and natural way as have the nainfinitely stronger, dominant, ecclesiastical organ- tions of Latin America. And their history is still ization, for the spiritual instruction and upbuild- in the making. Millions of Europeans, seeking ing of the people. refuge or the opportunity to better their condi- tions of life are wistfully turning their faces 5. Internationally-There is today a much bet- toward the great open spaces of Argentina and ter understanding between the Government, and, Brazil. Many thousands have already entered hence, the people of the United States of Ameri- those and other Latin American countries, where ca, and the governments and peoples of the other they have established homes and have begun a new countries of the Western hemisphere. Instead of life under more liberal conditions. The Christian the former policy of occupying a country with forces of North America, especially the Evangel- United States marines, in order to establish our ical churches, have a great opportunity to aid conception of what we considered law and order, these incoming thousands, making it possible for or exerting economic pressure to encompass our them not only to secure the right to liberty and own ends, a more modern and more Christian the pursuit of happiness, but also to surround "good neighbor" policy has been adopted and has themselves and their descendants with the spirbeen well received by all Latin American govern- itual blessings that flow from a free Church in a ments. Their people now look on us with a more free land.

Queen Salote of Tonga K ING GEORGE VI of Great Britain sent the lieves in the tenets of Christianity, but is most following message to the queen of Tonga, energetic in seeing that her beliefs find practical a Pacific Island, on the occasion of the expression in the daily life. With her, "Faith twentieth anniversary of her accession to the without works is dead." She is a constant attendthrone of Tonga. He said in part: ant at divine service, is a class leader, and is al- ways present at the regular meetings of the Chris- "The period of your reign has been one of tian Endeavor Society. Not only has Queen Salote steady and peaceful progress in the development advanced the interests of her people in the mateof your kingdom. Medical and health services rial sphere, but she has also, by her Christian life have been extended, educa.tional facilities have and character, provided them with a splendid been increased, roads have been built, and com- example of Christian living. munication between the islands has been improved by the provision of wireless stations. And The great event of the celebration took place in these achievements, of which your majesty may the large public square where gathered about four be justly proud, have been effected without in any thousand school children, as well as the Royal way sacrificing the financial stability of your Guards and Band. kingdom." Then came one of the finest sights of the day- Twenty years ago, as a young girl of eighteen, the march of four thousand school children, Queen Salote Tubou succeeded to the throne of carrying Tongan flags in their hands. Tonga. During the years intervening since that time, by her wise and statesmanlike rule, her The queen then departed, and as her car passed keen, unfailing interest in the well-being of her through the lines of children, she was hailed with subjects and her many excellent personal quali- hearty cheering and the waving of flags. Even ties, she has endeared herself to the people of her after she had returned to the palace the public land. How deeply enshrined she is in their hearts enthusiasm could not be restrained. The Tubou might well be gauged by the remarkable demon- boys entered the palace grounds, followed by the stration of loyalty and affection displayed by them other schools and the general public, until a crowd on October 11 of last year, the commemoration of of several thousands had collected. Her Majesty's the twentieth anniversary of her accession. appearance on the balcony and acknowledgment were the signal for more vociferous greeting. Queen Salote is known throughout the king- -By "The Wayfarer" in The Missionary Review dom as a sincere Christian, one who not only be- (Australia) .

Story for

Tony Finds Two Friends and it seemed wonderful to Tony room where Tony lay. His broth- to be able to help. As he snipped ers and sister were standing by By VIOLET WOOD, New York off the beans he thought of the his bed and to each one the nurse "Won't you leave your chil- time when his father had worked gave a glass of milk. dren with me, Mrs. Rossetti?" in the city, while his mother the nurse at the Center invited. stayed home and took care of As Tony's mother took her them. Suddenly there had been glass she spoke excitedly to the Mrs. Rossetti turned to Tony, no more work. A friend had told boy. Tony laughed, "My mothher ten-year-old son, to interpret his father of the need for bean er says you have nets over the for her. When she understood pickers and they had packed all babies' cradles to keep the flies what the nurse had said, Mrs. their belonging$. in a truck and away just as she used to have in Rossetti shook her head and had come to this big farm. Now the city." gathered her three small chil- father was sick for he had dren about her. worked too hard the first few "Ask her to leave you all with days. me tomorrow? You can go back "You could stay, too, Tony," to the fields in a few days, but the nurse said to the boy, "and At noon Mrs. Rossetti took it would be nice if you could stay help me take care of them." out of her blouse a paper bag and here a little while. Your broth- gave them all cold biscuits for ers and sister will love it." "I gotta pick beans," respond- lunch. She and the children ed,Tony. went on picking beans as they When Tony told his mother ate. But Tony could not eat his she nodded happily, as she fin- When Tony told his mother biscuit. Something was wrong. ished her milk and went back to what the nurse had said, the lit- His head felt as if it were float- the field. tle group passed the Center and ing away. But he kept on pickwent out towards the field. Tony ing, hoping that the funny feel- The nurse brought in some noticed several women leave ba- ing would pass. He suddenly picture books for Tony. One of bies and small children at the fainted. them was a beautiful "Life of Center. He shrugged. Who knew Jesus," and, as the nurse exwhat would be done to them in When Mrs. Rossetti called for plained some of the pictures the that place! Tony's family had help two men came over and car- boy looked up suddenly, and been at the migrant camp only a ried the boy to the Center. When said: "Then I have found two few days and he had no idea of new friends today!"

the loving care, the nice lunches, the nurse came she patted Tony's Making Use of This Story the toys and the Bible stories mother on the shoulder and in a few minutes he opened his eyes that were provided for the chil- and tried to smile. "You just The plight of the migrant is not well dren of the migrant workers. lie here for a little while and enough known by many people and yet soon you'll be quite all right. it is a great social problem in Amer- Down the long lanes between I'll bring you a nice glass of milk ica. Because the parents lose their the rows of bean poles the lit- in a few minutes. Tell your legal residence by so much traveling, tle family went, snipping off the mother I would like to show her the children get insufficient food, imbeans as they moved. Every- our little home here." proper shelter, no medical and dental body helped fill the baskets. care and very little schooling. When one was filled Mrs. Rosset- Tony translated this for his ti carried it to the weigher who mother, whose eyes shone with The Council of Women for Home checked the number of pounds gratitude. Missions has Centers in many states against her name. and has done a wonderful piece of The hot sun beat down upon The nurse beckoned to Mrs. work with the children. Excellent the men, women and children Rossetti and took her into an- material on the migrant is found in working on either side of Tony other room where babies lay the pamphlet, "They Starve That We and his mother. Although many sleeping in little cradles. In an- May Eat," compiled by Edith Lowry were thirsty they could not stop other room little boys and girls, and published by the Missionary Edueven for a drink of water. Every just like her own, were playing cation Movement (35 cents.) moment of daylight counted, and together at sand tables and with if they were to make enough blocks. In one corner a teacher money to buy food they must be was reading stories to the older Questions quick. boys and girls. All the children What would you lose if you had no home, no school, no church? Tony's back ached, but he was seemed very happy. bigger than his brothers and sis- In the kitchen Mrs. Rossetti What are some of the crops that ter and he could not stop to rest. watched the nurse fill five glass- migrants gather?

He must go on like his mother. es with milk. Putting them on Are migrant workers necessary in His father lay sick in the tent a tray she carried them to the America?

[367 ]

Ways of W9rking

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home hDITED BY GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Enlisting a Congregation for and throb of enduring purpose as Pete and with a memorable in- they witness Christian romance scription was unveiled. The MissionEsdTuhcarotiuognh*Visual in China (yes, indeed, there is film also gives a glimpse of lep- high Christian romance in China ers' suffering, and of lepers who "Seeing is believing" is an old today, especially today), or a adage. But rich old warp woven great mass meeting of untouch- have been helped. into today's tapestries gives pat- ables in India, or a frightened At the close of the showing of terns of beauty, luster and value. African youth witness his moth- er's slow death at the hands of this film in the city church the If every Christian at home the witch doctor and his deter- pastor arose and said, "I have could visit and see the mission mination to run away and find today had a new vision of this fields, their opportunities, their the secret of the doctor who talks great work. I think everyone needs, their returns for service, and acts with love at his Christhe weaving of the pattern of tian "medicine house" in the for- of· our Sunday school classes Christ into the lives of peoples, est clearing. should have one of these pig not much time or money would banks. I suggest that all of our need to be spent on promotion A few weeks ago the film, Sunday school offering next Sunwork for Christianity. In the "A Million Dollar Pig," taken by day go to the leper work and I entanglement of threads in our nromise to find means of matchpattern here in our own land we the American Mission to Lepers, ing, dollar for dollar, all that are prone to grow discouraged, was shown in a large city church. the Sunday school gives." He feeling it improbable that there It tells the story of how a ten- felt as we had felt after visiting are other spots on the earth year-old boy, Wilbur, sad be- the many leper colonies on our where the Christ pattern is be- cause his mother had been able African way during the past ing distinctly and clearly woven. to furnish support for only nine lepers instead of ten, bought a months. If we cannot see these remote little pig with three dollars Films from mission fields are places, the next best step is to which had been given him. The have them brought to us by the children 0 f the community goingto be increasingly available medium of the motion picture- joined in feeding the pig, all the in the days ahead. The 1938 as nearly life-like a portrayal as time envisioning that pig as Africa Film Project has already can be had outside the actual bringing smiles to the face of released its first 3-Reel, 16 mm. experience. Christianity has not some weary leper. It was finally film, "Ngono and Her People." been in haste to take on this won- sold for twenty-five dollars and It movingly tells the life of a derfully convincing method, feel- the money was sent to help a typical African girl. In it one ing perhaps a worldliness about little leper boy of Siam. Out of really lives in the life of a girl of the very utterance of "movies." this experience came the idea of Africa; feels the heartache of a But at last, after the field of edu- the "pig banks," over 100,000 of ten-year-old child torn from her cation recognized why the "eye which have been distributed in mother and sent to harem life; witness" medium so grasped the America. They have brought in feels the fear of the jungle world public, Christians have over one million dollars to aid where she hides, the ,doubtful come to realize that these same the lepers of the world. Then the eyes may prove to be inlets to film shows the twenty-fifth anni- serenity in the hands of her the hearts and souls of vast num- versary of the event of Wilbur missionary rescuers, the school bers of people. Eyes that make and his pig, "Pete," as it was life, the romance of true love, hearts thrill and throb over which "never smooth did run" scenes of intrigue or love may celebrated in Wilbur's little home in Africa either, the power of also stir those hearts to the thrill town of White Cloud, Kansas. Over one thousand people there, the Christian life and all the • We are indebted to Mrs. Emory Ross including Chief White Cloud and problems it brings, as again she for this fine article. She last year accom- his tribe, honored Wilbur, now a meets the witch doctor and his panied her husband, who is pxecutive secre- successful engineer still giving wiles. As the last scene fades tary of th" American Mission to Lepers, on of himself and his money to help you feel that you have been in a trip to Africa to see many of the institu- lepers. A bronze tablet, erected Africa and you know that Christions aided by that Society. She was former- in his honor, with Wilbur and tian missions pay. You have ly a missionary in the C?n~o and .is now seen with your own eye. an active promoter of mISSIonary Interest [368 ] in America. Another six or eight films are being prepared on various phas- es of Africa, her life, her importance in the world, the impact of and explain some things which more careful showing of one? civilization upon her, the need will otherwise be without mean- Take time to slow down the ac- for Christianity to keep pace. ing. But announce that after tion where it is necessary. You Among the scenarios* are "The the first running there will be a will need to go over the film at World's Stake in Africa," "Chil- second, during which any ques- least once with the operator, be- dren of Africa," "A Day in an tions or comments may be of- fore it is shown in the program African Village," ""Bwamba"- fered. Plan time to do this, so in order to decide where the mo- (the life of a typical African that no one will have a sense of tion should be slowed, and how boy) , and "How an African being rushed. Offer to run it much. As you show it, be very Tribe is Ruled." through a third time for those sure to remark when you do so: Yes, today the home church who would like to see it again, "We will slow down at this may see the foreign field, and after the meeting has been dis- point," having explained before seeing, may she believe the more missed. hand the purpose of slowing and hasten to make the pattern Slow Motion in Using a Movie down. Otherwise you may leave Christian in those lands yet in the impression that the people the loom.-Myrta Pierson Ross. The label on the film case read, filmed are lazy or slow in their "Twenty minutes will be re- movements. quired to show this film." A Informal Use of a Movie group of people, planning to use It is needless to say that some films in their churches, had bor- films will not gain by such treat- The parents of a missionary rowed from the mission board ment. Use good judgment in dereceived, in their very ordinary ciding when to use normal speed mid-west town, a package from an entire set of five on the coun- and when not to do so. their children. It was a one-reel try the churches were studying, film, showing the missionary son and were giving a sort of pre- Remember that some projecand daughter setting up camp view so as to be able to present tors make a lot of noise. Whoin a village, taking part in a them more intelligently from ever reads the accompanying lec- time to time. They started im- ture, or prepares a talk to go church service, giving treatment mediately after lunch to have with the showing, should have a to a baby with sore eyes, walk- them run through. voice easily heard over the noise ing in their garden and romping of the machine. Nine o'clock that evening with the grandchildren who had found them reluctantly re-wind- Newer Stereopticon Pictures been mere babies the last time ing the last film. What had hapthey were home. pened? They found that while Color cameras have brought the speed required to run the into the field of stereopticon With what delight the aging film through in twenty minutes slides something a great deal parents viewed the scenes, as was quite correct for .seeing that more vivid and delightful than their beloved ones moved before which is familiar, it was too fast we have had before. Slides can them. The missionary women of to give them time to see what be made directly from the color the church, naturally, borrowed happened in scenes and actions film. No tinting of pictures with the film. The showing was made quite unfamiliar to them. They the colors running into each othinto a gala occasion. The film therefore slowed the running to er, or failing to join! Furtherwas run through once. Then a considerable extent. more, the picture-taker, instead it was run through again. Com- of having to remember that he ments and questions rose freely When that was done, they cannot count on color to do for during the showing. Whoever those who are to see the pictures had an idea as to the correct an- could actually see what was hap- what its actual presence is doswer to any question ventured pening. For example, the quick- ing for him, knows now that colit. Then they ran the film ly-run film showed a woman or, almost as he sees it, will be through again. Details that had squatting before a mud cooking- present in his film. escaped notice came to the atten- place, doing something with tion of the women now. Those That opens a much wider pospresent felt as if they had had swift capable hands. The slowed sibility for enjoyment in the use a real visit with their missionary film showed her going through of stereopticon slides on subjects and his family. of missionary interest. To be the process of handling the flat sure there are as yet few sets Are you following that proce- unleavened bread in the three which have been made by the dure when you show a film? Or simultaneous processes of mold- newer processes. But most sets are you having it shown as a ing one cake, while a second was have been vastly improved durformal part of your meeting, to searing and a third was being ing the last year or two, and they be run through once, accompa- baked among the live coals of begin to "tell a story" instead of nied by its lecture or by polite si- the fire. giving a disjointed picture of lence, immediately to be re- places and people. wound, set into its case, and sent Some parts of the film became on its travels? tedious with the slowing up, but During summer months, the the operator was soon able to picture method of becoming ac- If there is a lecture, by all speed up sections which did not quainted with the missionary means have it used. It will help show detailed action, and to slow work of the church is well worth to clear up many puzzling bits, down on those which did.

Instead of rushing through • Not yet available. two films, why not arrange a considering.

For Small Children Pictures article), was sponsored by the each and marked its location Are Best Harmon Foundation and the Af- with a red pin. rica Committee of the Foreign The flicker and movement of Missions Conference of North The study might have gone movie pictures are not any too America. "Song After Sorrow" further, but did not. To atgood for the eyes of the small is another new film which por- tempt to locate all Protestant children. Furthermore very lit- trays the magnificent work in churches in a city the size of tle of the motion pictures, de- one of the leper colonies in theirs would have taken more signed to interest and educate Africa. time than the enterprise was adults, is of value for children worth for that one study. But of pre-school age. Films like the two mentioned there, in visual form, lay the may perhaps be secured from information that, scattered all The nursery and beginner your mission board under the over their city, were many child should not, however, be same conditions as other films of churches which were working to neglected in the use of visual missionary work, or they may be make the city a more Christian education. One of the newest rented from the Harmon Foun- place in which to live. In those pieces of material, specifically dation. "Song After Sorrow," buildings, week after week, men planned for use with them, is may be rented direct from the and women and beiys and girls the picture set "Children and American Mission to Lepers, 156 gathered to study, to worship, Their Toys Around the World." Fifth Avenue, New York. and to have fellowship. It has eight pictures in color, and a leaflet with a short story Investigate the possibilities. Such a visualization of facts to go with each. This publica- Write to your mission board for gives children a real sense of tion of the Friendship Press sells information. Remember that being a part of something which for sixty cents and can be se- the number of copies of each film includes and yet is greater than cured through your denomina- is limited so that requests need their own local church group. It tional book store. to be made well in advance of the expands their horizon. It brings date desired. We know that one to their consciousness, in a way The pictures are directly re- group of films is dated up com- that mere spoken information lated to the child's interests. pletely for four months in cannot do, the realization of Each one shows a child of some advance. Others, not on the forces which are operating toother race or nation, with a toy country of the current study, day to rebuild the world in characteristic of his environ- may not require such advance Christian ways. ment. booking. Try the use of this form of visual education in the Maps, graphs and charts are This set should be part of the near future. We venture to say not to be limited to Juniors equipment of every Nursery and that you will plan to include it alone. They are good for any Beginners department. It might very definitely in your subse- age above Juniors. well be used in each child's own quent study. home. Individual pictures can Consider them for use in your then be hung in turn where the Using Maps with Juniors church or parish house lobby. Or child will enjoy them. in your meetings when you have When a Junior department five minutes to present some in- Sources for Religious and was making a study of The City, formation about missions which Missionary Movies as was suggested in the course, can best be imparted through they used their own city as the this form of visualization. The Most -of those reading these object of their study. small graphs and charts often columns are familiar with the sent out from Board headquarsources of missionary films. The The boys took a big map of ters, in materials for the inforimportant source for any church the town and mounted it on bea- mation of leaders, can easily be is its own missionary board. Ar- ver board. Starting with their enlarged to proportions such as rangements differ. Many mis- own community they set out to to make it possible for a large sionary boards loan the films discover and locate on the map group or an entire congregation free of charge, requiring only the position of the Protestant to see them. Color can be used payment of express charges both churches of their city. When to make them vivid in their enways. There is the additional they found the actual streets larged form, where only black cost of a projector which is running past their own church, and white was used in the printusually rented locally by the a red pin marked the spot on the ed form. church. map! They did the same with other churches of their neighbor- Never leave such materials The Harmon Foundation, 140 hood. Then they went further hanging for more than a week Nassau St., New York, N. Y., is afield. They secured the list of or two. You do not glance at another very important source. the churches of their own denom- that store window where the dis- Their charges are reasonable. ination in their town. What a play is the same week after Some of the Harmon Foundation surprise! Who would have week. Let your people become films have been prepared in co- guessed that in their own city accustomed to finding something operation with certain of the there were so many churches of new, fresh and worthwhile on mission boards. The Africa film, their own group? They located your display wall every week or "Ngono and Her People" (re- so. ferred to by Mrs. Ross in her

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~======~~~==================== WITH THE MIGRANTS IN crops." It was while in "melons" family as they were growing up CALIFORNIA in Imperial that Maria had her and it took more and more and accident. According to her fa- it seemed that he made less and The bountiful state of Cali- ther: less. So at last they joined the fornia with its varying seasons, caravan of folks off to "the land luxuriant farms, and many in- "If I stay few more days to work of promise," California, to seek dustries is faced with the tre- in floods last winter and not go down their fortune. Theirs was a mendous problems. of migrant to Valley, maybe I not have the bad wreck of a car, a truck, with a people-people who trek from luck, but I go. It's cold. That day canvas over the top so that the crop to crop, starving in between our children left alone. This one, mother and children could sleep "prunes" and "cotton" because Maria, she think she make herself there and the father drove as there is never enough to go warm burning paper. She light it. many hours as he could to make around. When it is too hard to It catch her dress. This other one the trip as short as possible-it find food for three scanty meals she want to throw on water, but the took them fourteen days-a four a day, new clothes are out of the burning one, Maria, she scared, she to seven day trip in a decent car. question; and these people are so run out the door all flames till she The trip was made in the pourvery poor! fall; she fainting then. Her sweater, ing rain. They still shudder as it stops the flame from her face. She they remember the terrible ex- To help lighten their burden bur ned so bad, all over front. She in perience of losing a wheel on a and bring some necessary relief, hospital six months. Eighty-seven steep grade, and the "panthers" the Council of Women for Home skin grafts her mother give, but not that they could hear howling in Missions supports missionary much healing. I got no money, but the night, not to mention the nurses who serve these camps. hospital very good. The vallev too fiat tires that had to be fixed on Nursing and visiting the sick, hot for Maria, doctors say I must take the darkest roads. They felt that telling the story of the Gospel to Maria to where is cool; no more let- their crossing the mountains was the children, finding help here, tuce, no more melons, I go north to quite as trying as that of the eargiving help there, from dawn to 'prunes'; I take my family, and for lier "pioneers" of the covered dark they go and always leaving Maria it is cool. The doctor there wagon days. a little hope, a little comfort and say, 'you no live here,' you take Maria a great feeling of friendship. where you live. What I do? Maria They arrived during the mush- cannot live where is the heat; no room season, and, as they had Would you like to meet a few doctor where it is cool. .I feed my never had such a tasty dish they of these families who make their family? I must work. Doctor put living in crops? on one bandage, I keep Maria with me. I do all the best I know. I keep Take the family of John Wil- burn clean with feather. It no get liams-the children: Susanna, better. She seem sick; she no play born in the "grapes"; Maria, in like other children. Her dress, it hurts "melons·" ; E u p hem i a, in her burn, she walked stooped, like old "prunes" ; John, in "lettuce"; lady. We have cot just for her. We Raphael, in "nuts"; Josephine, move to 'cotton,' and you find her. She in "cotton." Truly children of afraid, she shake all over." the crops. Here there is hope expressed in his When the nurse came upon brightened countenance, he is encourthem she saw Maria walking aged, as he continues: very stooped so that her worn thin dress, her only garment, "You nurse, you find her. Her burn would not be touching her open so bad for so long; you come often, sore which covered her abdomen "ou do much for Maria. It take you and thighs. She was frightened long time, many bandages, much work as she stood before the nurse for you, but now Maria she all well. holding her dress away from her God bless you nurse ! We cannot say body with trembling fingers and how much we thank you. Now, no told her story. more cotton, we go to valley for 'let- tuce' and 'melons'; work for me, feed The family took to the road in my family. heat no hurt Maria now 1930 when the father lost his job -she well!" and joined the "Gypsies of the Then there is the White fam- ily from Oklahoma – father, mother, and four children. For ten years Mr. White had been the "handy man" in the little town that was their home. He made sixty to seventy dollars a month. That didn't keep his [371 ]

relished it more than they could cents. Forty men went out and They are healing now. The describe. Just by picking they picked one crate of spinach. druggist was afraid to undertake could have all they wanted to treatment because of the severity eat. But the season was soon A Mexican father doesn't of the burn, but the nurse over and such things are just a know what to do. He asks the "breathes a prayer" and gives memory. nurse. He explains that there is the necessary treatment for it is no more cotton to pick, and he sixty miles to a doctor, and be- A Brief Round in Camp only has beans for his family to sides there is no money. The Visiting eat. The nurse has no alterna- druggist thinks it is the "prayer" tive but to suggest "relief." The Leaving the nurse's home, we father is proud, and explains, "I that did it-healing, he thinks, go seventeen miles on good high- never ask for that in all time. I was impossible otherwise. way, then eight miles on an just move here. My wife she sick adobe road, then the last half at heart, no can work much; I On to another camp and the mile over what is supposed to sick in stomach, cannot work all road is still slippery, and it is be a road, and into the camp, time." ten miles distant. This camp is thirty cabins in all. Separated from these are some larger cab- Drive toward the foothills and built beside a canal. Here the ins-these for the "permanent" on this road there are three Council nurse spent much time, help. It is wash-day. Tubs of camps. Roads impassable in effort and energy toward solving water are being heated over fires rainy weather. It is ten miles to built outside; clothes lines the first. the problem of sanitation. The stretched between cabins filled grower was very cooperative. with clean garments of all kinds, shapes and sizes. Some families asked the camp Over one tub is a Mexican EYE CLINIC IN A MIGRANT GENTER mother, rubbing away on a washboard, and beside her is her The nurse recalls that this manager concerning the nurse's three-year-old, the youngest of camp was one of her most un- authority, and the grower issued nine. He has on two sweaters sanitary camps, so much so that and a coat, and a dark cloth tied the camp manager remarked to the order that if families did not around his head. her, "I believe these children are cooperate with the nurse that the dirtiest of all cotton camps." they would be moved out. Camp The nurse discovers that the That can't be said now. The child has a temperature. She camp manager and the campers and cabins were cleaned. Five explains that he must be kept in gamblers who had caused the bed, and she takes the child by too were most cooperative in nurse no little concern, were the hand, leads him into the cab- changing things. Health kits moved out. Order prevailed. in, the mother follows and a containing wash cloth, soap, little pallet is made in the corner The sentiment of the people of the cabin. His clothing is re- tooth-brush, and comb, were moved and he is slipped into a given to the children. whom the nurse serves is best pair of warm sleepers that the expressed by the tribute to the nurse finds among her clothing The nurse inquires. about Mr. nurse by a country doctor who supplies. That dark rag is re- Gonzales who was burned so bad- depends. on their help to bring moved from the only window in ly at Christmas, and discovers healing and health to these mithe cabin, and she explains to that he has learned that she is in grants. "So much is heard and the mother that there must be camp and is getting the "water read nowadays of organizations sunlight. The mother im't un- boiling" for her to use in dress- and agencies. doing this and that derstanding why the cloth should for the migrants, but the one not be about her child's head, be- ing the wound. He has learned cause she explains, "Baby sick that it had to boil ten minutes who does the most and the most in the head," but she is willing worthwhile thing in helping the to do as the nurse says, and does before she could use it. First migrant is the little missionary not miss a word of the nurse's and second degree burns were on nurse who rarely ever gets one instructions to "rub the child's chest four times daily with warm his left shoulder and upper arm line of printed matter concerncamphorated oil; give plenty of ing her work in the paper." water and fluids, and keep baby -he had fallen on the stove. in bed."

It is late in the cotton season, and many people are not working. Some have gone out to pick spinach but so little could be made they didn't stay. One man explained that he had made ten

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~'================================-~~ LATIN AMERICA fered the boys. Near Saltillo, weekly broadcast of religious boys are taught in school to programs. 'A Latin American Cooperation in a Church Bell make rope, and other articles Youth Conference is planned for from raw materials they have February, 1940, in Lima, Peru. We all know about the denom- raised. They learn the art of inational cooperation am 0 n g making dyes, and using them. -Christian Century. Christian forces in Puerto Rico; At the same school, the boys of the union enterprises which farm a tract of land, raise cat- Among South American include a theological seminary, tle, hogs and bees. Indians book store, newspaper, university pastor, e~change of pulpits, Culture Missions, something The treaty signed between and other manifestations of the like an Institute, are held at in- Bolivia and Paraguay leaves the cooperative spirit; but this spir- tervals all over Mexico. For a way open for Christian work it does not end with formal en- period of ten days, five or six among pagan Indians of both terprises. When the Yauco Bap- educators meet with teachers for countries, especially in the Chatist Church, for example, had a lectures and discussion, with co area between the two. Var- 500 pound bell that would not graphs, charts and posters. Such ious indepe!ldent organizations fit its tower, and the Ensenada subjects as the cause and cure of have expanded their work among Presbyterian Church had a large eye trouble, or the digestive Bolivian Indians; while the tower but no bell, the Presby- processes, are presented. This South American Missionary Soterians bought a small bell and is work along constructive lines. ciety has completed fifty years gave it to the Yauco Baptists, of work in the Paraguayan Chawhile they in turn presented the Protestant Youth in South co. In Chile, the same mission Presbyterians with their 500 America has developed a work among pound bell. Mapuche Indians, two of whom The Protestant young people's have been ordained deacons. Rural Schools in Mexico organizations of Argentina and Uruguay held their second bien- In the Argentine Chaco, work The Federal Government has nial conference last April, with has been most encouraging. At put in operation some very prac- more than 100 delegates, repre- Easter 68 adults were baptized, tical ideas in rural education. senting seven denominations, in and a new area has been opened. Two groups of Southern Metho- attendance. There were three The Unevangelized Fields Misdist missionaries visited a num- visiting delegates from Brazil. sion has continued its pioneer ber of these rural schools last The program centered around work among Kayapo Indians of year, and their impressions are the deepening of spiritual life, Amazonia, who, it will be rereported in the World Outlook. and the challenge of the present membered, killed three mission- Almost every country school has day to young Christians. Three aries (the "three Freds") in a little store which the children things stood out: first, interest 1935. themselves manage, thus learn- in a g g res s i v e evangelism; ing how to buy and sell and order second, a passion for closer co- -International Review of Missupplies, such as pencils, tablets, operation in Christian service, sions. crayons, cookies, etc. Some have irrespective of denominational kitchens where the children differences, and a sense that After the Earthquake in Chile learn how to prepare many vari- Protestant Christians are bound eties of food. One school visited by a common loyalty to Jesus Reconstruction work is under maintained a barber shop, while Christ; finally, a desire that way in Chile, following the dispractically all of them raised Christian forces may reach out astrous earthquake, and at pressome living thing -chickens, into the realms of popular litera- ent there is a huge construction rabbits or pigeons. ture and social life. camp at Chillan, located there for months. Military authorities Nearly every school has an an- In these two republics, young have permitted Mr. William M. nual exhibit of needlework, and people's work is organized under Strong to open a center for rest there are special projects to be two national federations. Each and evangelism right in the undertaken by high school girls; publishes a religious monthly, in- heart of this vast encampment, perhaps a layette for a baby formative and well edited. For -its only place of diversion. brother, or her graduation out- several years the Argentine fedfit, while manual training is of- eration has maintained a bi- Evangelical workers were left practically unharmed by the [373 ] earthquake, says Mr. Strong. He

adds that when in 1757 half of Franco occupied Catalonia, evan- Church shall transfer the right Concepcion sank beneath the gelical churches were not inter- of the use of certain cathedrals, surface in a similar cataclysm, fered with, but it is reported that yet to be named, to the Hitler blasphemy, drunkenness and in- those in Barcelona are closed, Elite Guard for their neo-pagan decency were put aside for a though it is believed to be only ceremonies. long time; and asks if perhaps a temporary measure. a similar result will follow this All three demands were relatest catastrophe. -The Christian. fused on the ground that the Di- rectorate was not empowered to EUROPE The "Church of the Den" make any such decision. The demands were issued by the On the Montmartre, Paris Long before Wycliffe and chief of police over the head of Hus were born, the Waldenses the State's church minister, who The Tabernacle Church on the preached the Gospel which re- is reported to have fallen into Montmartre has a corps of de- formers afterward taught in disfavor among the radical elevoted workers. M. Charlet, an Europe. A few months ago a ment of the government; a reevangelist, was a merchant, a group of British tourists visited port that is coupled with the Parisian skeptic, whom God the great cavern known as "the statement that the "Gestapo" called to the ministry of preach- church in the den.". During the (secret police) are sick and tired ing. Andre Fune is son of a time of the persecution of the of the whole church business. French farmer, who is working Waldenses this cavern was used at real financial sacrifice with as a secret place for worship and Encouragement in the Ukraine his wife, a registered nurse. In study of the Bible. Access to it 1925 a young Swiss engineer, Al- is obtained by crawling through September 25, 1938, was the fred Escher, gave up a career to a narrow tunnel formed in the 950th anniversary of the foundserve this mission church. Fif- long past by a terrific upheaval, ing of the Ukrainian Lutheran teen Hollanders have found when the great rocks fell into Church. At that time a Harvest Christ in these meetings. M. the position which they occupy Festival was celebrated in Stan- Jacques Blocher, trained in the today. From the tunnel one islau, when people came from University of Paris and in the emerges into an immense nat- every direction, by wagon, train Bible Institute, Minneapolis, is ural cathedral, the only shaft of or on foot. All Evangelical Luanother worker. M. and Mme. light coming through an aper- therans participated in a com- Dumesil sold their property at ture in the roof. In this spot munion service, creating a pro- Dieulefit to serve as unpaid vol- hallowed by the prayers of mar- found impression upon all those unteers. M. Memmert came in tyrs a feeling of awe came over present. The Stanislau pastor, 1933 after careful preparation the visitors-a feeling that ex- Rev. Theodore J arczuk, writes in the Bible school of Pastor tended to the muleteers who had of the victories of the Gospel of Saillens at Nogent-sur-Marne guided them to it. They rever- Christ among these people: "The and in Glasgow. This does not ently removed their hats upon results of this Harvest Festival exhaust the list. entering. One of them ap- led to arrangement for a similar proached the leader of the tour- service for the Reformation An effective agency is the Gos- ist party and said, hesitantly, Festival on October 2:0. Attenpel poster; 500 of these have "If Monsieur prayed?" And so, dance was even greater. Those been put up in Paris and sub- with bowed heads and hearts up- who passed the chapel were asurbs. Many persons have bought lifted to the Saviour of all, Eng- tonished at the crowd of people, copies of the Scriptures as a re- lish, Irish and Italian, each and said: 'These Lutherans besult. Sometimes professional praised Him there for the past, lieve in God.' The Festival conbill pOosters tear them down; and asked His help in the future cluded with the singing of 'A sometimes unexpected results for the Waldensian Church. Mighty Fortress Is Our God.' In are produced in connection with many different ways the work other posters. For example, a Confessional Church Crisis was advanced." poster announcing a grand ball, had this significant addition at- Three new demands made on Pastor J arczuk writes further: tached: "And after it is over?" the Confessional Church by the Most of this work is done by the German chief of police, Hein- It has long been the custom of young people of the Tabernacle. rich Himmler, indicate that the Lutheran Ukrainians to worship on struggle between the Church and Epiphany at the bank of a river, in -So S. Times. State is nearing a decisive phase. commemo"ation of the preaching of These demands, as reported by John the Baptist at the River Jordan. Gospel Work in Spain the New York Times, were: 1. A few months ago such a service was The Confessional Church shall held on the banks of the Dniester. Reports vary considerably in relinquish its claim to a share of The crowd was constantly augmented, regard to the prospects for evan- the church tax. 2. The Confes- the nearer it came to the river. From gelical work in Spain, now that sional Church shall surrender its all neighboring villages came the folthe war has ended. Protestant status as a corporation of pub- lowers of the Gospel and the curious. churches are permitted to open lic right. 3. The Confessional At the place where the service was to in some centers, in others they be held, thousands of persons had alremain closed. When General ready gathered, listening with the greatest interest to every word of the service. Among those present were some who had come to disturb the serv-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ice. From the other side of the river at Memia, found no sale for her to work with God in the planta group of agitators came across in a pictures and turned to fruit cul- ing and working of their garboat. As they were crossing one of ture, finally gave that up also; dens.-American Board News. their number cried out: "Either I and offered her home to the Miswill throw the Lutheran pastors into sion. There was no money to "Separatist" Groups the water or will drown myself." But buy, but she agreed to rent and when the service began they listened, now the Mission is established These religious. groups in the and the longer they listened the more there. Union of South Africa number attentive they became. Soon the an- over 500, ilccording to official ger faded; they took off their caps The entire Bible is available figures. Similar movements are and began to nod approvingly. At in Kabyle; portions have been found in other parts of Africa. the close of the service the young man put into the Berber dialects of Whatever may be the underlywho avowed that he would throw us Morocco. So far, the Scriptures ing cause of the rise of these into the water joined our brethren and are almost the only literature in sects, they are hindering the began to make known his sympathy. these dialects. spiritual growth of the African Church. In general, the separa- AFRICA School in Elephant Land tist groups are formed by those who are moved by personal am- The "Book of Manne'rs" Children from the kraals of bition or who wrongly interpret southern Rhodesia attend schools the Scriptures; by those who are Mrs. E. M. Bailey, of the which are merely thatched roof seeking to avoid discipline or United Presbyterian Mission at sheds, and these are often de- have been disciplined by the rec- Minia, Egypt, writes that one stroyed by herds of roaming ele- ognized churches. Sometimes the of the most encouraging things phants. In these so-called "light movements spring from reasons that has happened in the Chris- houses" it costs about $1.40 which are racial or political, or tian school in a long time is the apiece to give the children an from the hope that in the ecclesivoluntary request of some of the elementary education, and is astical sphere the African will graduates for a special Bible their only chance to secure one. be able fo obtain a freedom of class. They are now in a gov- Of this sum, the government action which is denied him in ernment secondary school and supplies 68 cents, the American the political. Owing to the high they find there an atmosphere of Board contributes 30 cents and proportion of illiteracy among profanity and rudeness very dif- the pupil must somehow find the the rank and file of the African ferent from the Christian school other 42 cents, and also buy his people it is always possible for where they grew up. They are books. This would barely sup- a leader of strong personality, coming on a free afternoon to ply movie tickets for the Amer- by specious promises to carry study the Bible and have brought ican child, but we read of one numbers of people with him into several of their new Moslem lad who walked six miles.. each the body which he forms. schoolmates with them. One of way, to cut grass for six cents them, when the Bibles were a day; sold tomatoes from his -Congo Mission News. brought out, asked what they mother's tiny garden, and finally, were. A Moslem girl from last to complete the 42 cents walked WESTERN ASIA year's graduating class replied: six miles with a bunch of bana- "That's the book we get our man- nas on his head to sell them for a Another Side of Palestine ners out of." few cents. Picture Among the Berbers In the same section of Africa It is heartening to sight some there is conducted each year an islands in the sea of trouble Monsieur Warren, of the Paris interesting ceremony called "The which is Palestine. One is what Evangelical Missionary Society, Seed and Hoe Consecration has been described as a "boom" has recently visited the stations Service," a blending of long es- in Christian education. The of the North Africa Mission in tablished African custom and C. M. S. Girls' School at Amman Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Christian practice. Men, women has the confidence of prominent In The Link he describes the and children come with seeds Moslem families, and is looking curious Berber villages of flat- and hoes. The pastor recalls how toward a boarding department roofed houses, reminiscent of the the people would bring grain to for village girls. The Bishop's adventure of the spies in Jericho the chief to be blessed so that it School for Boys in the same (for Berber tradition has it that might be productive. "Here," town is becoming a cultural centhe Berbers are the descendants he points out, "we are bringing ter, and pupils of the different of Canaan's inhabitants, driven grain and hoes to God for His communities are mixing without out by Joshua). This sturdy blessing on our work." At Chik- strain in these schools. A race is not deeply grounded in ore, Rev. Frank T. Meacham re- marked increase of interest in Mohammedanism, and therefore ports that the Community Dem- social work is noted; large nummore or less open to the Gospel. onstrator spoke on the parable bers of the elder boys and girls More than fifty years ago, the of the Sower and then represent- volunteered to teach in daily vafounder of the North Africa atives of the congregation stood cation Bible schools during the Mission was interested in them, before the altar and repeated a summer holidays, and took a but the door was not open for pledge consecrating themselves deep interest in the thousand or evangelization. Years later, an English lady-artist built a home

more children who attended the taught that there is no God, no tees. An interesting experiment score of schools held. use in prayer, and that educated calculated to abolish purdah was people have ceased to be be- the formation of a "family cir- Christian medical work stands lievers. cle" in one constituency, with a out. There is a new hospital at view to promoting inter-commu- Es Salt, and a small temporary On the other hand, there is nal friendship and inculcating a clinic is at work in Jerash. Other developing a more open-minded healthy sense of freedom among hospitals and dispensaries report attitude towards many matters, the sexes, and to encourage increasing work. It seems cer- including religion; and although sport. tain that the spirit of Christ is there is no wide-open door for at work, and new hope has arisen Gospel preaching in Turkey, the Thus Hindu, Mohammedan, that the land sacred to three re- evangelist can get a hearing if Sikh, Parsee and Christian womligions may again become a land there is no suspicion that his en are cooperating for the uplift of peace. message has any political bear- of India's Women. . -International Review of Mis- ing. There is a free field for -Women's Missionary Maga- the circulation of Christian liter- sions. ature; and the Scriptures, which zine. have been published in Latin Palestine After Eighteen Years script, are selling readily. In Soviet Combats Missions the Istanbul area it has been Moses Bailey, writing in The found that the establishment M The Bombay Press Service re- American Friend, describes the small, scattered prayer groups ports': changes he observed in Palestine among the members of the Evanwhen he returned after an ab- gelical and Oriental churches has The Soviet Russian Godless League sence of 18 years. Better roads, served to strengthen and encour- has decided to establish international more land under cultivation, in- age them in life and witness. schools in Moscow to train propacreased orange groves, shade ganda experts to combat the missiontrees, irrigation systems, modern -International Review of Mis- ary work of the Christian Church in ways of doing things, were su- sions. the colonies, especially the humanitarperficial changes first noted. Per- ian and cultural work. Indians, Nehaps the tremendously increased INDIA AND BURMA groes and Arabians will be among the hatred, fear and economic insta- candidates to be trained in these bility might also be signs of Years of Progress :schools. modernity. In the midst of all this it is difficult to train boys The All-India Women's Con- The Bulletin adds: and girls for a useful life. Fiery ference is the acknowledged adnationalists' idea of education is vocate of the women of India, According to information received to have their wits sharpened the without any distinction of creed, in London, special propaganda cambetter to supplant their oppo- caste or class. It has a mem- paign for British India is announced nents. bership of over 8,500. At its by the Riga press bureau of the God- 13th session, about 200 delegates less League. The campaign includes, Mr. Bailey finds two outstand- were in attendance. The criti- among other things, the scattering of ing attributes in the Arab mind: cism that the Conference was 10,000 Russian atheists throughout a genius for friendship and a only for ladies of leisure was re- India. keenness for hard study, not futed, for the delegates were surpassed in any other race, so mostly teachers, doctors and oth- The same facts have been notfar as he has observed. Friend- er workers. ed in European papers. liness and ability form a combination that can go far. There The work of the conference Plea for Economy are two disadvantages, however, during the past year has been as Mr. Bailey sees it; religion, constructive and extensive. Pub- The Soc i a I Reconstruction whether Christian or Moslem, is lic opinion has been enlightened Committee of the American materialistic; and the fact that as to divorce, polygamy and the Marathi Mission presented to the the Arab feels first and thinks legal disabilities of women. Ag- Annual Meeting of the Council afterward; this makes them a ricultural improvement and a recommendation on family fertile field for the demagogue. home industries, such as leather problems, among them the ex- work, clay modeling and needle- travagant marriage c u s tom s Materialism in Turkey work, have been organized in prevalent in the Indian Chris- several centers. Considerable tian community. It was urged The westernization of Turkey attention had been paid to ma- that all Indian Christians and goes on apace; so much so that ternity and child welfare, and especially mission workers armissionaries are saying that it is clinics providing free medical range only simple and inexpennot primarily Mohammedanism, treatment, and in some cases sive weddings, without giving but materialism with which they free milk and clothing, had been dinners to the community, or have to deal. In many govern- established at some centers. The spending money on bands, on ment schools there is not only insanitary condition of certain processions, on lights or on rich no religious. and moral teaching schools and mill areas had been clothing for bride, bridegroom given, but distinct anti-religious tackled by a few health commit- or relatives; and without borteaching. The children are rowing any money for the occa- sion. To encourage those who would prefer to arrange wed- dings within their means, but who yield to the pressure of so- cial opinion, it was recommended

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that Christians should not attend reminded of it by one of the augurate a New Life Movement, extravagant wedding festivities. women, a fact in itself encour- with the following objectives as aging. So a meeting was called their goal: It was further recommended to plan the campaign, and in- that all mission schools and in- stead of the six women expected, No filth in the house or around it. stitutions should introduce prac- eighteen presented themselves Every Christian wear clean clothes. tical projects which through ex- for Instructions. No debts contracted through mar- perience will teach all students riage, and workers the value of money The women were divided into No excessive interest. and how to use it; and will also groups of three or four, and each No expensive feasts. definitely discourage them from group was assigned a definite All disputes settled out of court. going into debt. number of homes to visit; thus Punctuality, all the homes in one village were Cleansing of tobacco from personal -Dnyanodaya. visited in an afternoon. In two and social life. homes the workers were asked No liquor. Bhil Christians to pray; those who asked for Adoption of a salutation-folding this said they had faith, but to hands and saying namascaram. The story of Christian Work accept Christ openly was a dif- At least one-tenth to Church, Chris- among the Bhils goes back to ferent matter. tian work and charity. the year 182'8, when a British Wiping out the remnants of caste. officer, an earnest Christian, was Mrs. Whitcomb went with a Family devotions every day. in charge of Rajputana, and in different group each day, and No recreation that cannot be taken his administration of the district was deeply moved by the ear- in the name of the Lord Jesus. prayed for the day when these nestness of these women in giv- A cooperative in every village people might hear the Gospel. ing their testimony. Their spirit (Kagawa method), But it was not until 1878 that of good will was contagious, and Wiping out of illiteracy. steps were taken to found a Mis- great benefit came to the work- Cottage industries in every home. sion among these aboriginal ers themselves, for they con- tribes. The C. M. S. put an ap- trasted the hopelessness of the -National Christian Council peal in the church papers for a villagers with the blessings of Review. missionary to go to the Bhil Christianity. country, and two years later a CHINA young recruit went out. After -Outlook of Missions. ten years of uphill work, results A Visitor's Impressions began to appear, and by 1892 Political Advance Helps there was a small Bhil Christian Evangelism A traveler visiting nine out- Church. Coming down to 1939, stations and one main station how has this Mission fared? A A writer in the Missionary of the China Inland Mission, re- recent report says that churches Herald argues that the obstacle marks that three things im- have been .established in nine to progress represented by finan- pressed her especially: the ear- main centers with a total mem- cial retrenchment will turn into nestness of the women, their de- bership of 1047. Schools have a stepping stone to indigenous s,ire to learn and their extreme been opened and there are now evangelization, and the steady poverty. In every place women over 500 pupils in them. building up of an indigenous walked from one to four miles church, because of the political in the early morning, bringing There is also a well developed development of the past year or just a few pieces of dry bread medical work. Presbyterians two. India has taken a long for the noon meal, and would sit have a mission among the same stride toward independence, and on hard benches all day study- people, and many thousands have from now on is ruling herself as ing a hymn, memorizing a bit been baptized in the last few never before; so also she is be- of Scripture, struggling over a years. ginning to realize that she must few characters. When the last also evangelize herself. This is meeting was over they would The work is quiet and inten- the trend of India's Christian trudge back 3 to 8 l~-not only s i ve; sporadic persecution movement; self-government not complaining, but pathetically . breaks out from time to time, but must be paralleled by self evan- grateful for the privilege of the missionaries carryon faith- .gelization. coming. Wind, cold, heat, in no fully the activities of schools, way deterred them, and they hospital, evangelism and pastor- In the light of this conclusion, s,eemed never to tire of meetings, al care. -C. M. S. Outlook. the United Theological College seldom less than two hours long. of Western India is redoubling They have a very real faith. and Women Volunteers its efforts to supply a trained to listen to their stories of an- ministry, and thus do a work of swered prayer is impressive. For some years at Baitalpur, strategic importance for India's Many are in direst economic it has been the custom for Chris- future. straits, yet not one asked for tian women to volunteer for financial help; many eve n evangelistic service in the neigh- Indian "New Life Movement" brought gifts of eggs or sweet boring villages. Mrs. E. W. potatoes to the Mission. Whitcomb who went to Baital- As an outcome of the Mara- pur after furlough knew noth- mon Conference, Christians of The visitor mentions the prev- ing of this custom, but was Travancore have decided to in- alence of demon possession. One saw and heard much of the pow- ers of darkness. In one instance

two Christian workers knelt for now is to institute a movement tians gave cause for alarm, as it two hours beside the afflicted for socialized reform compatible extended to local shops and even person in continuous prayer be- with the aspirations of all pro- necessary food was unobtainable fore release was finally given. gressive people. Portraits of for a time, but happily normal Lenin ruld Stalin have been re- conditions have been resumed. -China's Millions. placed by those of Sun Yat-sen One unfortunate result was the and Chiang Kai~shek. This has apostasy of a whole family of Reveals War Conditions been amply corroborated by oth- Christians with the exception of ers who know China; and this one of its members; and this cir- The Presbyterian Mission in destroys the point of J apanes.e cumstance was the more painful Peiping received the following assertion that they are fighting since the head of that family had letter in Chinese, written by an bolshevism. professed Christianity for nearevangelist living 30 miles outside ly forty years. of Peiping. This is the trans- Future of Medical Missions lation: More Gospels are entering Dr. K. C. Wong, Secretary of Tibet than ever before. Last Do not turn your face away from the Council of Medical Missions, year, with the financial support this my letter. But incline your ear says that of 217 mission hospi- of the National Bible Society of to your evangelist, a man filled with tals 81 were (in March) in "oc- Scotland, an adventurous jour': grief. Since my eyes last saw you I cupied areas," 82 in "fighting ney of two months was underhave been as a tree without leaves. I zones" and but 54 in "free Chi- taken by two evangelists who rehave suffered from one new moon to na." A survey made some ported the acceptance of hunthe other. The church members have months earlier showed that of dreds of copies of the Gospel. passed through four calamities: war, 34 mission hospitals in east Chibanditry, flood and famine. In this na 11 had been bombed or de- During the first three months our country there is no law, there is stroyed, 12 had been damaged of its existence, the "Gospel no peace. Bandits entered our town. or looted, 7 were "occupied" and Inn," of which mention has been They came with big shouting, they left 4 were closed. Since this re- made in these columns, more in clouds of black smoke. As a whirl- port some have been recovered than 800 travelers and pilgrims, wind they went over the land. Spoil- and opened, but almost every 700 ponies, yaks and donkeys ing and violence was before them. At week one or more has been dam- found shelter and more than 2'00 random they killed young and old. aged or destroyed. patients were treated for minor And they considered it but nothing to ailments. A capable Bible womrope seventy of our men together and Dockors and nurses are sadly an and her husband are in throw them into the river. In a well overworked, with most of their charge of the Inn. Beside the near our church twenty-eight women Chinese staff gone. However, daily Gospel talk, each lodger reand girls found death in escape from European refugees have ren- ceives a tract, or buys a Gospel their hands. Young Mrs. Wang, the dered ass,istance. So overwhelm- before he leaves. A public liwife of him who tends the sick in the ing are immediate demands that brary and reading room have mission hospital, was one of them, there has been no time to plan been established, where daily also Mrs. Yang and her daughter, for the future. Relief funds will papers and magazines are availwhom you know. In wartime life is not last forever; doctors cannot able. Another plan to extend the truly cheap. The iniquity of our time run one-man hospitals indefinite- usefulness of the Inn is that of is fiercer than evening wolves. The ly with from 100 to 200 clinical opening a grocery, where tired bandits trampled down the harvest, patients daily besides their in- pilgrims may buy such necessiburned our homes, kidnapped the girls, patients. Before the war many ties as tea, butter, flour and keroand plundered the stores. They took of these hospitals were practical- sene. Judging from the extent away our donkeys and drove our pigs ly self-supporting but for the to which this has been used, the before them. missionaries' salaries. Now the new venture is a success. supporting constituency has fled. Thou, Shepherd-teacher, will re- -Moravian Missions. member how the people used to sing 'One conspicuously efficient as taught at the evangelistic meetings. hospital recently was approached JAPAN -CHOSEN Now everyone is quiet. The men look by the Japanese to rent or to worried, the women have forgotten sell the plant to them, and it is Christianity Gets Official how to smile. For many, death seems reported that a refusal will be Status more desirable than life. A great met by the challenge of a new many have no home, no clothing, no hospital designed far to outshine The 74th Japanese Diet has remoney. 0, thou who art safe out of the mission institution. cently passed all the 89 bills inthis spot of calamity, incline thine ear troduced, not one being rejected and knit the little thread of our hope -The Christian Century. or even altered materially. The into a rope of victory. enactment of the "Religious In Western Tibet Bodies Bill," which in one form -Evangelical Christian. or another has for 40 years been Rev. Walter Asboe, Moravian a bone of contention in legisla- What About the Communists? missionary, reports both encour- tive circles, may have great or agement and disappointment in little significance for Christian- One who has lived long in Chi- the Tibet field. A severe boycott ity depending on what happens na, in a personal letter to a of missionaries and native Chris- in other respects. While acfriend, throws light on a question often asked: Is China going "red"? This writer says that Chinese communists have abandoned many of their ideological concepts, originating in Russia, and much of their violence ; they are now Chinese, first and foremost; their aim

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

knowledging the right to reli- anese laymen and of mission- and surgical work is done by one gious freedom guaranteed by the aries; one half are to be chosen foreign and one Korean doctor. constitution, the bill puts all re- from eastern Japan, and one ligious organizations under the half from western Japan. In 1938, the company spent regulation of the Ministry of over 60,000 yen for this medical Education. Creedal positions and Large Bible rallies in Tokyo service. There were treated in forms of worship must be ac- and Osaka give evidence of a de- the wards, dispensary and the ceptable to the authorities; ad- termined spirit in this move- surrounding villages more than ministrative, legal and property ment. -Bible Society Record. 40,000 patients (this is a record affairs must conform to regula- of treatments-not different pations, and all changes must be Chinese Y. M. C. A. Suppressed tients) . There were more than promptly reported. 400 major operations. Of the The Tokyo correspondent for treatments more than 10,000 Some Christians say that the The Christian Century made a were for outsiders. No charge new bill merely legalizes condi- visit to the parts of the city is made to anyone, but patients tions long in force; that Chris- where formerly many Chinese not employed by the company tianity is now specifically recog- resided and where the Y. M. must pay for their own drugs nized as one of Japan's' three C. A. and other cultural institu- and operating material. The accepted faiths, hence prejudice tions sought to serve those from company has never been known on the part of petty officials can the Celestial Kingdom. Chinese to refuse to send their doctor to no longer be a handicap; that are there still, but both Chinese distant villages to see seriously the new legal status accorded and Christian institutions as sick Koreans. both denominations and local such have disappeared. There communions will prove of advan- was a great exodus of Chinese -Korean Mission Field. tage in penetrating conservative students from Japan in the sumand bigoted regions; and that mer of 1937. Now hundreds of What Medicine Has Done for the bill will discourage the devel- Chinese youths are again com- Chosen opment of superstitious faiths of ing to Tokyo for study-this all sorts. The danger of state time from the occupied regions To form a correct appreciaregulation is minimized. of China. But who now will tion of the part played by medi- help them as did the Y. M. and cine in the regeneration of Ko- -Christian Century. Y. W. C. A. and the churches in rea, says Dr. O. R. Avison, one the days when Sun Yat-sen, Chi- must know what were the con- "Nippon Seisho Kyokwai" ang Kai-shek and C. T. Wang ditions when Protestant missions were occasional sojourners there entered the country in 1884. This is the name of the Japan and had many friends in Tokyo Even forty years ago, practical- Bible Society, recently organ- interested not in the politics but ly everybody was pock marked. ized. It marks another step in in the souls of these youthful All children were expected to the cooperative plans of the seekers after truth? have smallpox before the age of older Bible Societies, and reveals two; so many of them died that the courageous way the younger Medical Work in Mines mothers thought it hardly worth churches are rising to increased while to count a child as a memresponsibilities. One of the Th e Oriental Consolidated ber of the family until he had things that stood out clearly at Mining Company in Korea is survived this disease. An epithe Madras Conference was the known as the American Mines. demic of Asiatic cholera was exfact that these younger churches Its president from the beginning pected every five or six years. have made great strides. Many until he died in 1927 was Henry Both diseases were attributed to of them have grown up in lands C. Perkins of New York who, the power of demons. There was where Christianity was unknown throughout his life, had a deep no knowledge at all of sanitaless than two hundred years ago. interest in the lives of the min- tion ; vermin were abundant; ers and their families, one evi- excrement from human beings Many Japanese Christian lead- dence being the maintenance of infected with all sorts of intesers have been concerned that the medical care for these workers. tinal parasites was used as fer- Scriptures in use in Japan bore tilizer, and raw vegetables eaten the imprint of foreign Bible So- Much could be said of the gen- unwashed, or washed in polluted cieties; and after a number of eral policies of this company; water. Flies had access to conconferences of representatives how it has never been in the taminated places, and to good; of the foreign societies and their courts, has always paid at least mosquitoes were uncontrolled. Japanese advisory committees, a one yearly dividend; never fluc- Those ill with contagious disconstitution was drawn up and tuated prices nor padded its re- eases were not isolated. ratified last October. The essen- ports, but there is space only to tial objectives are the same as speak of the medical work. The One day Dr. Avison was walkthose of Western societies: the company maintains a little hos- ing outside the city gate when translation, publication and dis- pital with room for 25 to 30 in- he saw a strange sight-the tribution of the Scriptures, with- patients. Through a dispensary corpse of a child that had died out note or comment. The gov- and clinic connected with the of smallpox. Here was an operning body is composed equally hosuital 75 or more patients go portunity to pit the strength of of Japanese ministers, of Jap- daily except Sundays. Medical vaccination against the power of

a demon, if only he could be al- and have no Christian influence. from the war scene in Spain, or lowed to try. At first, all offers There are about 4,000 Japanese again it might fit the picture of were refused. Finally, a Chris- Christians living in Formosa. a Jewish refugee group on the tian mother agreed to let him see One hopeful sign for the future border of Czechoslovakia. But what he could do. Her child is the keenness and activity of no, it happened in the U. S. A.; passed its second year and then the Christian youth in Formosa. the pitiful procession was made its third without taking small- up of "sharecroppers" in Mispox; after that other mothers -International Review of souri, evicted from their shanwere anxious to try the new way. Missions. ties because, allegedly, landown- This incident opened the door to ers wished to change from tendisease prevention, and in time In Netherlands Indies ants to day laborers. the government made vaccination compulsory. Today, small- . The first Christian book in One More Poll Needed pox is rare. Javanese, other than the Bible, appeared in 1938. It is a child's We have "had plenty of "polls." -Korea Mission Field. Life of Christ entitled "The King Weare asked how we shall vote of Love." It originally appeared in 1940; even personal habits ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC in Arabic, then in Urdu, then are inquired into, so that we Persian. Christian work among know how everybody feels; but "For Value Received" young people in both Java and why not have a poll as to what Sumatra is being steadily pro- the churches intend to do about Filipino Christians are assum- moted. Annual conferences and the missionary enterprise? ing more and more responsibil- a Christian newspaper are some Would it not be possible to ask ity for work, which a few years of the means used. Autonomous 100,000 people in typical churchago had to be done, if at all, by churches are to be found in dif- es some such questions as: the missionaries. For example, ferent areas of the Indies, but in the wife of a Filipino professor some sections missionary work (1) Do I really believe that Jesus at Silliman University is teach- is forbidden by the government; started the missionary method, and ing music while the missionary in northern Sumatra and in Bali, believed that. His Gospel would evenhead of the department is absent for example, but Christians from tually win the world? on furlough. "Don't worry about other localities settle in these salary," she said. "Silliman gave areas, bringing their faith and (2) Do I really believe that my anme my education, and if I can witness with them. The fact cestors received civilization and every be of service I shall be glad." that now for the first time in uplifting ideal they possessed through One of the assistant professors Borneo the Asiatic ministry of Christian missionaries? Clearly this has started a flourishing cooper- the Church exceeds the Euro- seems true, and how anyone can doubt ative in Dumaguete; while an pean holds out hope for the fu- our obligation to share similar lifeinstructor is teaching local farm- ture. giving and level-lifting Christian ers how to make better use of ideals is beyond understanding. their resources. Still another -International Review of goes regularly to the small Missions. (3) Despite taxes, losses, fears, but churches to help with the music. admitting most of us still live in com- NORTH AMERICA fortable homeR and eat thrice a day, -Monday Morning. do I really believe that an annual per Where Did This Happen? capita gift of fifty cents per member Christianity in Formosa in our denomination proves our part- Last January the New York nership in a progressive and victori- Restrictions have been placed Times published a news story ous enterprise like winning a world on Christian work in Formosa, from which the paragraph be- for the Gospel of Christ? as elsewhere in the Japanese low is taken. Missions reprinted empire. Efforts have been made it and asked its readers to guess (4) Do I really believe that our to force all Formosan household- what part of the world the story missionaries exert important influers to set up miniature Shinto came from. ences for world peace, and that shrines, and neglect to do so has through them we are aidinp.: in the led to trouble in some districts. Along two highways more than progress of the Kingdom of God? This order is as unacceptable to 1,000 men, women and children non-Christians as to Christians, camped in the open air. They hud- -American Board News. since the former regard the sub- dled around camp fires, or makeshift stitution of new emblems for old stoves, along desolate rights of way, "Temperance Trailer" as destroying their own ances- sharing the contents of huge steaming tral religion. kettles. The number of camps was A "Temperance Trailer," still growing at nightfall as new- sponsored by the Friends' Tem- In 1936, the Canadian Mission comers straggled in on foot, or in perance Association of Philadelwithdrew from the Tansui Mid- dilapidated vehicles. The camps dot- phia, has made a transcontidle, and Girls' Schools in For- ted the road all the way to the border nental tour of over 10,000 miles, mosa, because of government re- line. Men feeble with age, one woman stopping in more than a hundred quirement in regard to shrine so ill that she had to be carried on a towns in twenty-eight states, and attendance. These schools are cot, and babies crying from fright and carrying a temperance message now under local management, hunger, added to the distressing pic- to over 150,000 persons. The ture. trailer is fitted out with various exhibits, including a "drunko- It might describe the plight meter," designed to dramatize of the Chinese; it might come the dangers of alcohol. Tem- perance lectures are given, and questions from the audience are

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

answered by the crew of three. missing from my daily life. In which he demonstrates the pos- There has been no acrimonious that immortal masterpiece of sibility of the miraculous by scidebate, or hostility. literature I find new inspiration. entific analogy. Up to March, That is why the Holy Bible is many thousands had listened to -The American Friend. my favorite book." these demonstrations; sometimes the lectures start thirty minutes Immanuel Mission to Seamen -Lutheran News Bureau. early because the auditorium is jammed. The audiences are Laden with Scripture por- Organization Changes Name about ninety per cent untions, workers of Immanuel churched. There have been defi- Mission to Seamen enter cabins The "International Save the nite conversions. A San Franand crews' quarters on vessels Children Fund," as this agency cisco daily observes that these of all types and nationalities has been called since its organ- lectures leave the audience less along the Pacific Coast. Oppor- ization in 1931, is now to be cock sure of their own wisdom, tunity to read at sea, the absence known as the "Save the Children and with a feeling that the mirof opposition and a lack of di- Federation." The President, acles of the Bible are not so imversion ensure a friendly recep- Dr. John R. Voris, says that the possible as they had supposed. tion for these workers. The name Federation is adopted be- Alaska salmon fleet carries a cause this is a movement, or as- Institutions Closed mixed group of Americans, Chi- sociation, and the name "Fund" nese, Italians, Scandinavians, no longer describes its functions, Because of financial strin- Mexicans and Filipinos. They as it did in the beginning. Drop- gency the Presbyterian Board. beg for reading matter, for ping the word "International" is of National Missions has voted Alaska is almost a spiritual of no significance, except to to close three of its institutions: wilderness. shorten the name. The Federa- the American Indian Institute, tion will continue to maintain Wichita, Kansas; Ingleside-Fee Malay and Javanese Scrip- relationship with the Save the Institute, Burkeville, Virginia; tures find their way to the crews Children International Union of and Brainerd Institute, Chester, of Dutch East Indies boats, and Geneva, of which the fund has South Carolina, in the Negro. Spanish booklets are used with been the American member ever field. All three have been givgreat blessing on various ships since its founding. The question ing splendid service, but their coming in to San Francisco from of changing the title of the agen- discontinuance was the only al- Puerto Rico. American liners cy has been under consideration ternative to a general retrenchsailing across the Pacific are for more than two years. Effort ment, which would have crippled supplied with Bible portions and has been made to find a still the entire program of the Board.. booklets. For a period of more shorter name.-The Churchman. than 24 years this work has been At the same meeting at which carried on among seamen. The Radio as a Missionary this decision was made it was Voice voted that the new hospital be- -Scripture Gift Mission ing erected to replace the over- Bulletin. The "Lutheran Hour," a Sun- crowded Brooklyn Cottage Hos- day afternoon coast – to – coast pital at Dixon, N. M., be named The Bible in the CCC broadcast, can claim a mission- the Embudo Presbyterian Hospi- ary bearing. Dr. Walter A. tal; and that the staff home be When CCC boys were asked Maier, of the Concordia Semi- called the Brooklyn-Nassau Cottheir preference in reading mate- nary Faculty in St. Louis, who tage. Embudo will be the post rial, a large majority indicated broadcast over 66 stations from office address of the new hospithat the Bible is their favorite October to Easter Sunday has tal. The name of the staff home book. The reasons given for this been heard by sailors on the high is the Board's expression of appreference were varied, but first seas, by isolated men in lumber preciation for the continued prize, if one had been awarded, and mining camps in the north interest of Brooklyn – Nassau would go to Wayne Berkshire of woods, by distinguished person- Presbyterial Society in this Company 793, Hill City, S. Da- ages high in the business, pro- project. kota, for the following reply: fessional and social life of the "My favorite book is the Holy nation – by a vast audience Indians Set Example Bible. Why? Because it is my whose number can be estimated mother's and my own wish that only from the tremendous num- In proportion to their means, I develop a more wholesome, sin- ber who send in their comments, the Sioux Indians give more for c ere and faithful religion. totaling 133,000 last season. the promotion of Christian activ- Through the Bible and, of course, ities than any other church the Church, I am striving to Treasure Island Gospel Project members anywhere. Once they reach that goal. I have discov- were the fiercest, most war-like ered and constantly rely upon Mention has been made of the of all North American Indians. the magic powers of prayer when San Francisco Christian Busi- They were the ones who wiped in trouble, in doubt, and at the ness Men's presentation of the out General Custer and his cavclose of every day. If I could Gospel at the Golden Gate Expo- aIry; now, every member of the not have access to the Bible each sition through Irvin Moon's tribe is a professed Christian, day, I would feel that something "Sermons from Science," in important and necessary was

All of them are peaceful farm- MISCELLANEOUS Persia …………….. . 40,000 ers. 40,000 Fifty Years-Past and Future Brazil …………….. . 24,141 A few years ago when grass- 23,553 hoppers and drouth practically United Presbyterian young India ……………… . 20,000 ruined farmers, many church people have been celebrating fif- Australia ………….. . 19,850 people advocated withdrawal ty years of organized work in from the South Dakota field, but their denomination, and are con- Mexico ……………. . 7,800 the Sioux Indians held a mass sidering the situation of today in China …………….. . 4,000 meeting, pledged a fifty per cent its relation to that of fifty years 2,591 increase in their giving and hence; facing a world of today, Cuba ……………… . adopted the slogan, "Move For- terribly disorganized economi- Spain …………….. . ward."-United Presbyterian. cally, socially, internationally, religiously and morally. They New Zealand ………. . The Church in the Arctic realize that there probably nev- er was a day of greater oppor- World O. E. Advance The aeroplane and the wire- tunity for youth to make an imless have caused tremendous press on their world. The older Two important changes in changes in mission work in the generation is looking on with Christian Endeavor activities Arctic regions. Last year Bish- keen interest as it sees young have taken place across the op Fleming traveled from 15,000 people ready and eager to spend Pacific. The Methodist Episcopal to 16,000 miles through the east- a large part of their summer Church of southern Asia has ern Arctic, covered much work vacation period in listening at- voted to discontinue the Epwhich had never been done be- tentively to leaders who try to worth League to permit its youth fore, and could not have been direct their energies in the path organizations to unite with the attempted but for the aeroplane. of Christ's Kingdom. While this Christian Endeavor Union of Plane travel is not expensive, fiftieth anniversary celebration India, Burma and Ceylon. This considering the e nor m 0 u s has paid tribute to the "giants is another step toward union of amount of time saved thereby. there were in those days," it Protestant missionary programs For the better spiritual care of makes clear that the younger in southern Asia. The Methodist the 11,000 people-Indians, Es- generation has a whole army of Church has nearly half a million kimos and white folk-within possible "giants." members in India, and more the Arctic Circle and a distance than 54,000 are registered in below it, the diocese of the Arc- -United Presbyterian. Methodist schools. tic was constituted in 1933, and comprises one-third of the whole Where Can the "Wandering The second move was the for- Dominion of Canada. Jew" Wander? mation of a Pacific Region of the World Christian End e a v 0 r There are two hospitals in the Union, to include China, Japan, diocese: All Saints, at Aklavik, Korea, Manchoukuo, New Zeaand St. Luke's at Pangnirtung. land, Australia, the Philippines, Remembering that the diocese the Fiji and Samoan Islands, and comprises over a million square other Pacific island groups. miles, one understands why Bishop Fleming is seeking to found From his original home in Pal- Youth at Amsterdam a third on the north shore of estine the Jew has wandered far Hudson Strait. The existing and wide. He has indeed been There is an alarming regimenhospitals are fully equipped with "the wandering Jew." The tation of young people in many electric light, X-ray apparatus, Christian Evangelist has given parts of the world in movements operating theaters, and other de- that are anti-Christian, or at sirable and necessary features·. an interesting tabulation to show least non-Christian. A World The government supplies the the present distribution of Jews Conference of Christian Youth doctors: the Church provides throughout the world: to be held at Amsterdam, Holthe staff and upkeep. land, July 24-August 3, is United States ………. . 4,228,029 planned to make the Christian Primitive animism is the re- 3,028,837 youth of the world more aware ligion of the native, Eskimo and Poland ……………. . 2,676,109 of their heritage in the Chris- Indian alike. Nineteen clergy- tian faith, and more forceful one an Eskimo deacon-and six- Russia ……………. . 728,115 and courageous in applying the ty or more lay workers assist Rumania …………… . 514,269 message of the Church in a Bishop Fleming. There is also Near East …………. . 499,682 world whose disintegrating forcwork for white people. Each 444,567 es are placing Christianity benorthern settlement has its Hud- Germany ………….. . 356,830 fore one of the greatest tests of son's Bay Company store, the Hungary ………….. . 300,000 its history. barracks of the Royal Canadian 260,000 Mounted Police (the "Moun- Czechoslovakia ……… . 240,000 The conference program is the ties"), and the wireless. station. Great Britain ………. . 191,408 result of two years of consulta- 161,312 tion among youth leaders from -Life of Faith. Argentina …………. . 156,817 all parts of the world. The 155,614 daily worship service will enable France ……………. . 155,125 all delegates to attend the type Austria ……………. . 110,127 of service to which they are ac- customed, and also to experience Morocco …………… . 95,000 other worship customs. 81,280 Netherlands ………… . 72,791 Canada ……………. . 72,550 Lithuania ………….. . 60,000 Algeria ……………. . 59,485 South Africa ……….. . 51,000 47,825 Turkey ……………. . Greece …………….. . Egypt …………….. .

Belgium …………… .

Tunis …………….. . Abyssinia ………….. . Italy ……………… .

~==~======~============~l'~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Cry Dance. A Novel of the Ameri- It is an attempt to provide a While the main emphasis in can Indian. By Coe Hayne. 8 Yo. guide to the solution of life's dif- "This Business of Living" is 255 pp. $2.00. Harper & Bros. New ficult and often tragic problems. upon personal and individual York. 1939. Who among us would not wel- problems, the author pauses come assistance at this point and more than once to point out the The American Indians are a who is there without some friend application of his proffered solupicturesque and romantic people. or acquaintance whose need for tion to the larger social and na- They have been exploited, exhib- wisdom and guidance is great tional problems as well. "There ited, abused and protected for is no problem that is not in printwo hundred years. They sur- indeed? ciple a personal problem," he vive but are not yet made a civi- But will this book meet that truly says. And here are a few lized, Christian and integral part other wise observations: "Any of the nation. Many are strong need? Undoubtedly it will for victory won by force is a defeat" characters and capable of becom- the more intelligent reader, for ing highly educated and efficient the person who is equipped to "An agreement reached unde' r leaders. understand and appropriate that which is not always easy read- pressure is not an agreement, but As Secretary of Research of the ing. But it is a question whether the perpetration of a disagree- American Baptist Home Mission the common man, untrained in ment." "All war is defeat." "We Society, the Rev. Coe Hayne, philosophical and psychological must never surrender to the behas had many opportunities to lief that force has the last word." study the Indians on the reser- terms and methods, will find These words are true for the invations and has come to love and much of this helpful book avail- dividual; they are no less true admire them. Here he has told able for his needs. This is to be for nations. a stirring story of a young In- regretted since the common man dian, "Yosemite," who gave up is often the one who most des- VICTOR G. MILLS. his college course, and fine pros- perately needs the help which pects of a professional career, to Dr. Grensted offers. If the meth- Dynamic Christianity and the World throw in his lot with his people od and style of the book as a Today. By Samuel M. Zwemer. 8vo. in the Sierras and champion whole had been closer to the free 17? pp. 28. 6d. Intervarsity Fellowtheir cause in the struggle and easy spirit of the title it shIp. London; Zondervan Publishagainst poverty and wrong and would be more useful where ing House, Grand Rapids, Mich. in behalf of their rights in Amer- most needed. 1939. ica. A young white woman joined in the fight for the Red Yet with this one limitation, There are good reasons why man. "Cry Dance" tells the let it be said that for many, es- only earnest, believing followers story of the struggle-which pecially for those who would still continues. There are ad- help others in meeting life's of Christ are interested in proventures, bitter fights, and two moting Christian missions. One love stories woven into the nar- problems and crises, this book must believe in the importance rative. It is an incompleted tale will provide very real assistance. but the author shows good judg- Workers with troubled minds of a cause and in the claims of ment in his outcome of the love and hearts will be bet t e r its leader before one will give stories of white folk and Indians. equipped for reading it. It notes time and strength and money to Young people will find the novel advance that cause. Dr. Zwemof particular interest. It has a the nature of life's most common er has proved his faith by his definite Christian tone. problems, always stressing the works for he has spent nearly fifty years in many lands seek- This Business of Living. By L. W. fact that in the last analysis all ing to win Moslems to Christ- Grensted. 187 pp. $1.75. Mac- of these problems come back to by voice and pen and life. He millan. New York. 1939. the problem of self. The inef- knows that the only kind of Christianity worth following A cover notice calls this "a fectiveness of the common meth- and worth propagating is "Dy- book for everyman." One can- ods of help is made clear. And namic Christianity." This is the not but wish that this were more then the author points out the Christianity of the living Christ nearly the case, for every man one adequate answer which is who is the ever present Head of needs what this book has to offer. found through religion, when His Church and the motivating rightly conceived, and preemi- and achieving power of the Gos- nently through Christianity. The pel. chapter on "The Way of Release" is especially worth while.

[383 ]

The author has given us here wealth of Christian doctrine, scenes are laid, gives additional a dynamic book. The Gospel that and the last three which deal he proclaims is the same that with Christian experience based value to leaders of children's came through Jesus Christ and on that doctrine. Her analytical that "turned the world up-side- mind does not prevent her from groups. H. H. F. down" in the days of the Apos- seeing the beauty of the truth tles. It is the Gospel founded on she presents nor do her outlines Mary Reed of Chandag. By Lee S. faith in the Bible as the inspired obscure the life and power. One Huizenga. 37 pp. Paper, 35 cents. Word of God and in Christ as the wishes that she had drawn more Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Son of God and only Redeemer largely on her rich experiences Rapids, Mich. 1939. of men. This is the heart of to illustrate the truths presented. Christianity that has proved its But there is a reality and a glow Almost everyone knows the truth and power and that is dy- in her Christian life that is con- story of Mary Reed, who went namic today among all peoples tagious. These studies in Ephe- to India in 1884; became a leper; to whom the Gospel is pro- sians will richly reward any was healed through prayer and claimed in the power of the Holy student-preacher, teacher, mis- for forty-seven years has di- Spirit. sionary or layman. rected the Chandag Leper Home in the foothills of the Himalayas. Dr. Zwemer shows clearly that They Dared to Live. By Robert M. She recently celebrated her 83d this Gospel is everlasting; that Bartlett. 12mo. 135 pp. $1.25. birthday. This little, illustrated it has not changed; that it is Association Press. New York. book retells a story and gives absolute and is vitally linked 1939. important facts about leprosy with the "Changeless Christ." and its modern treatment. He shows that, while this Gos- This series of thirty-five tenpel is neglected and repudiated minute biographies are very H. H. F. by many who refuse to believe, brief stories of explorers, scienit is the Gospel that the whole tists, teachers, reformers, stu- Meditations on the Holy Spirit. By world needs today. The work of dents, social workers, artists, Toyohiko Kagawa. 167 pp. $1.50. Christ has made great progress, authors, doctors, political lead- Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Tenextens.ively and intensively, and ers and missionaries and Amer- nessee. 1939. mankind is accessible as never icans. They include British, before, but there are still great French, Chinese, Japanese, Ger- The world famous Japanese regions of the world and vast mans, Swiss, Russians, Czechs, Christian has given us an attracareas of humanity that are un- Africans, Norwegians, Indians tive statement of some great enlightened by a knowledge of and others. There are well- principles of the spiritual life. "the Light of the World." known names like Helen Keller Throughout it the author shows and President Masarayk, and ob- a strong mystical tendency. He This is not only an intensely scure persons like Roland Hayes is definitely Trinitarian and interesting and informing book, and Pierre Ceresole. The great clearly stands for the Personit is inspiring and dynamic. disappointment is t hat the ality of. the Holy Spirit. What would be the result if sketches are too brief, but they every Christian minister should make one wish to know more Readers who accept the inread it? about these men and women who errancy of the Bible will be dis- dared to work against obstacles turbed by Dr. Kagawa's tend- The Wealth, Walk and Warfare of and for a high purpose, and suc- ency to rationalize some of the the Christian. By Ruth Paxson. ceeded. miracles. He also appears to ac- 8vo. 222 pages. $1.50. Revell. cept Darwin's views of the New York. 1939. Far Round the World. By Grace W. "Origin of the Species" quite un- McGavran. Illustrated by Mar- critically. Another questionable Miss Paxson is already well garet Ayer. 118 pp. Cloth, $1.00. point is a rather naturalistic known through her spiritual Friendship Press, N. Y. 1939. view of the personal spiritual presentation of "Life on the experience of the Lord Jesus. Highest Plane." She is a devout Miss McGavran, the REVIEW'S With such reservations it is only and intelligent Bible teacher and Editor of "Effective Ways of fair to say that there is a great an evangelist of rare gifts and Working," and the author of deal that is searching and helpgraces; she has been widely and "Missionary Stories for Chil- ful, for the book evidently comes wonderfully used of God in dren," gives here eleven splendid out of deep personal experience. China, in Europe and America. stories showing the improve- The supernatural view of the ments of social conditions, de- Holy Spirit is accepted. In the present volume Miss cline in race prejudice, braving Paxson gives us some fruitful re- danger in Mexico, India, Africa, F. E. G. sults of her study in the letter Japan, China, Paraguay, Ceylon to the Ephesians, which she calls and the Philippine Islands. They Studies in First and Second Kings the "Grand Canyon of Scrip- describe events that actually and First and Second Chronicles. ture." It is remarkably rich, happened. A section at the back Arranged by Grace Saxe. 35 cents. suggestive and stimulating. She of the book, supplying facts 112 pp. Bible Colportage Assn. points out the connection be- about the countries in which the Chicago. 1939. tween the first three chapters, which deal chiefly with the These twenty-three studies in Old Testament history are de- signed for individual or class work. Exposition and applica- tion are well balanced. The mor- al lessons seem to flower forth

Encyclopedia of Religious

"How many baptized Christians in Burma?" "Where is the headquarters of the Evangelical Church?"

"How much does the average Baptist give to his church?" "Name three Christmas dramas suitable for church presentation." "How many denominations in the United States?" ''What are the best available books on the life of st. Paul 1"

"How many Christian missionaries in Egypt?" "What is Kingdomtide?"

"Is church giving going up or down 1" "Where is Washburn College located?"

"To what church does the Governor of Ohio belong?"

You can answer these and many more by turning to the proper pages in CHURCH MANAGEMENT DIRECTORY for 1939, now available in your book store. The price is but 65c. (by mail 75c.). If your bookstore cannot supply you, send the proper remittance to address l;Ielow. This directory offers the most complete almanac for the Protestant field.

CHURCH MANAGEMENT : Auditorium Building : Cleveland, Ohio from the Scripture itself. God Launch Out Into the Deep. By An' The New Sovereignty. Reiinald is clearly seen to be at work be- drew Gih. Edited by J. Edwin Orr. Wallis. 93 pp. Is. Pickering & hind the scenes. The great uni- 119 pp. Cloth, 40 cents. Zonder- Inglis. London. fying message in Kings and in van Publishing House, Grand Rap· Chronicles, Miss Saxe makes ids, Mich. 1938. One Gospel for Mankind. Hugh abundantly clear, in the impera- Vernon White. 72 pp. 35 cents. tive need of trusting God and Among the consecrated Chi- Friendship Press. New York. obeying Him. The book would nese soul winners is Andrew be still better if the author did Gih, now on an evangelistic tour Right Here at Home. Frank S. not lean so heavily upon a very in war-torn China. Previously, Mead. 183 pp. $1.00, and 60 cents. limited number of Bible scholars he made a three months' tour of Friendship Press. New York. for her quotations and if she had Australia with J. Edwin Orr, included more thought-provok- who says he was second to none Studies in I and II Kings and I and ing questions, along with the list for effectiveness. This book is II Chronicles. Grace Axe. 112 pp. of fact questions, at the end of in two parts: the first half be- 35 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. each lesson. ing s tor i e s of conversions through the Bethel Evangelistic When I Awake. Jack C. Winslowe. C. NORMAN BARTLETT. Bands, and the second half a 78 pp. Is. 6d. Hodder and Stough- collection of Bible readings on ton. London. The Doctor Comes to Lui. A Story such subjects as "The Dry of the Beginnings in the Sudan. By Bones," "Catching Fish," and The Wealth, Walk and Warfare of Eileen Fraser. Illus. 71 pp. Is. "The Way to Victory." "His vi- the Christian. Ruth Paxson. 222 Church Missionary Society. Lon- tal exposition of the Word of pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. don. 1939. God captivated both the saved and the unsaved," says Mr. Orr Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan. The reviewer and his wife in the preface; "Not a single Frederick G. Coan. 284 pp. $2.50. spent some years in the Sudan theme will be easily forgotten." Saunders Studio Press. Claremont, enjoying the personal acquaint- Calif. ance of the author and Bishop H.H.F. Gwynne who wrote the intro- Cry Dance. Coe Hayne. 255 pp. duction to the book. The story New Book. $2.00. Harpers. New York. of the establishment of many bush schools in darkest Sudan; The Acts of the Apostles. Studies The Greatest Words in the Bible and cutting down the jungle and let- in Primitive Christianity. W. H. in Human Speech. Clarence E. ting in the Christ; these are in- Griffith Thomas. 93 pp. 30 cents. Macartney. $1.50. 103 pp. Cokescluded, with some stories of the B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. bury Press. Nashville. mauling of African natives by buffaloes, lions and leopards and The Faith We Declare. Edwin Homeland Harvest. Arthur H. Limtheir recovery under the skillful Lewis. 236 pp. $2. Cokesbury ouze. 211 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents care of Dr. Fraser. One feels Press. Nashville. paper. Friendship Press. New that the reader stands in the York. presence of a great and modest Far Round the World. Grace W. servant of Jesus Christ. Mrs. McGavran. 118 pp. $1.00. Friend- One Family. C. M. S. Review of Fraser's self-abnegation in writ- ship Press. New York. 1938-39. 62 pp. 6d. Church Mising of her talented husband and sionary Society. London. herself is remarkable but we The Gospel, in the Pentateuch. Herwould like to know more of bert Lockyer. 125 pp. 50 cents. Personality and Character Developthem. A minor criticism might B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. ment. J. D. Messick. 192 pp. $1.50. be that the narrative skips back Revell. New York. and forth in a way that makes God's Purpose. A Book of 365 Serit bewildering to follow the monettes for Home Worship. 366 The Remarkable Jew. His Wonder~ dates and, sequence of events. pp. 50 cents paper; $1.00 limp ful Future. L. Sale-Harrison. 224 fabrikoid; $1.50 art leather. Win- pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. T. A. LAMBIE. ston. Philadelphia. London.

The Meaning of War. James W. The Rural Church in the Far East. Johnson. 57 pp. 75 cents. Revell. Ralph A. Felton. 258 pp. $1.25. New York. Friendship Press. New York.

The S. P. G. Story. 1939. 156 pp. 6d. Society for Propagating the Gospel. London.

Builder of Dreams. The Life of Robert Edward Chambers. Ruth Carver Gardner and Christine Cof- fee Chambers. $1.00. 200 pp. Broad- man Press. Nashville.

Day Dawn in Yoruba Land. Charles E. Maddry. 217 pp. Broadman Press. Nashville.

MOSLEM

PUBLISHED BY THE HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Editors: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY Some Articles in the July Number Broadcasting Our Message Samuel M. Zwemer After Madras Paul W. Harrison The Theological Approach Al Sha'ranI the Mystic lens Christensen Our Debt to Moslem Arabs Margaret Smith An East African Experience An Ordeal in Central Asia lohn Clark Archer Mission Frontier in Palestine A. Rowland Pittwa'Y International Relations G. Raquette Book Reviews Survey of Periodicals E. Theodore Bachmann Robert S. Darbishire Current Topics Sue Moll~son Foster ._-•• SUBSCRIBE NOW ….- __ 150 Cents a Copy. $2.00 It Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTl', 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight Shillings a Year, net HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far·sighted and so deep.seeing!-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LOVELL MUllIlAY, Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. students today-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a What a life! He was old enough to know why be went, representative ligure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by. product of his experience was his wonderful bumility-noth. . • . I feel strongly that' every student and alumnus of our ing in the show window and himself in the remote back. ground. It is inspiring. Seminary needs this book. Wbat better book to lead them to DR. GBORGI! P. PIERSON, formerly of Japan. feed on the Bible. One bears so much "vestibule religion"- We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main· men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus Christ; and his deep.seated conviction that the Gospel of Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no WILLIAM HAzEN, adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be Missionary in ShoJapur, India. read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to repeatedly. A biography of one of the saintliest ligures of the nine. teenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a HBNRY SLOANB COFFIN, fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in President of Union Seminary.

devout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for which would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scath· ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self.indulgence and ind- J. Ross STEVENSON, liciency.

President Emeritus, P,inrelon Seminar,.

Send $2.00 to.day for your copy of this latest book by Dr. Speer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1933

1933

Among the Eskimos of Alaska s. H. Gapp British Students Facing God and Life Jesse R. Wilson What Is This Foreign Mission Enterprise?

Cleland B. McAfee A Banker Examines the Laymen's Report Hugh R. Monro Reactions from One of the Laymen James M. Speers Christian Messengers from the East William Paton

to Remember THE MISSIONARY Personal

REVIEW OF THE WORLD UNITED MISSIONARY MEETINGS Rev. Robert Kilgour, D.D., who has DELAVAN PIl!iRSON, Editor been editorial superintendent of the April 27-28-Philadelphia, Pa. British and Foreign Bible Society April 30-May 1-Baltimore, Md. VOL. LVI MAY, 1933 No.5 since 1909, has just retired from ac- May 2-3-Wilmington, Del. tive service. During this period he May 4-S-Reading, Pa. Publication and Business O1II.ce has been instrumental in giving some May 7-8–Harrisburg, Pa. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. 253 peoples some portion of the Scrip- May SolO-Elmira, N. Y. tures for the first time in their own May 11-12-Binghamton, N. Y. Edltorlal and Executive Ofllce tongue. Within the same period the May 14-15-Albany, N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City entire Bible was put into 44 lan- May 16-17-Utica, N. Y. Entered as second-class matter at guages, the New Testament into 62 May IS-19-Syracuse, N. Y. Post Ofllce, Harrisburg, Pa., under for the first time. Previous to this May 21-ZZ-Buffalo, N. Y. Act of March 3, 1879. service, Dr. Kilgour had been a mis- May 23-24-Erie, Pa. sionary in India for almost 20 years. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year DENOMINATIONAL ANNUAL Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Mrs. Sam Hi"ggi*nbo"ttom of Allaha- MEETINGS Published monthly-All rlghts re- served. Copyrighted 1933 by the bad, has been honored by the Indian May 9-General Conference of the Government for her services to the United Brethren in Christ, Akron, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Indian people by an award of the Ohio. LISHING CO., INC. silver Kaisar-i-Hind medal. She is superintendent of a home for the chil- May 17~General Council of the Re- BOARD OF DIRECTORS dren of lepers and is engaged in edu- formed Episcopal Church, German- ROBEBT E. SPEER, President cational and evangelistic work among town, Pa. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President women, especially those in strict se~ W.u.TER McDOUGALL, Treasurer May 23-2S-Annual Meeting, North- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary clusion. "". ern Baptist Convention, Washing- SAMUEL MCCREA CAVBRT ton, D. C. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD pro John R. Mott has recently WM. B. LIPPHARD May Z4-31-General Council of the ERIC M. NORTH saIled for a four months' absence in Congregational and C h r i s t ian Europe and the Near East. Among Churches, Cleveland, Ohio. AM.ILLT.ONWATR. NSSTHAUUIFSPEB other things on his program he will hold conferences with British mis- May 2S-Church Congress, Evanston, SAMUEL M. ZW1!lMER Ill. (Concluded on third cover.) Editorial Chat May 2S-General Assembly of the A SECURE INCOME Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Look out for the coming special Columbus, Ohio. mISSIon study numbers. These will (472 10 9 per cent) take up "Christ and the Modern June S-13-General Synod of the Re- World." Separate articles will deal To YOII and YOllr dependents formed Church in America, Grand with such general topics as-Jesus Rapids, Mich. Christ and His Program; Interna- Regular tional Relations; Communism; In- June 11-17-Church Conference of dustry; Social Problems; Property Generous Social Work, Detroit, Mich. and Poverty; Modern Evangelism; Social Service. Home Mission topics Guaranteed PASTORS' CONFERENCES in the course may be expected to in- elude: The Modern Church; Student Unvarying May IS-I9-Pastors' School and State Problems; The Modern City; Pres- Ministers' Conference, Jackson's ent-Day Amusements; Society and Your gift on the Mill, West Va.-Dr. E. J. Woofter, Crime; Finances and Stewardship. Dean, Salem, West Va. ANNUITY Excellent arti*cle*s a*re crowded out PLAN June 19-24–Institute for Town and Country Ministers, Y. M. C. A. of each issue of the REVIEW. In the will provide it for you and make College, Springfield, Mass.-Prof. June number we plan to publish the you a partner in telling the peo- A. Z. Mann. following–do not miss them-"Some ple of the world about Christ. Problems in the Philippines," by Dr. June 26-July 7-Rural Leadership George William Wright; "Moving —————- School, Madison, Wis., University Pictures from Burma," by Raymond ERNEST F. HALL. SecreJlI1'Y of Wisconsin-Prof. J. H. Kolb. B. Buker; "Some Arguments by DEPARTMENT 01' ANNUITIES Moorish Moslems," by J. H. Haldane; Presbyterian Board of June 26-August 7-Auburn Summer "Shall We Appraise Home Missions?" Foreign Missions School of Theology, Auburn, N. Y. by Jay S. Stowell; "Defeat or Victory 1St F'''th Ayenue. New Yorl!, N.Y. -Prof. H. L. Reea. in India?" by J. F. Edwards; "Noble Please send full informa- Jo of Kobe," by Mrs. Roy Smith. tion about your annuity MISCELLANEOUS gift plan. They are worth reading. Junme. I-Nov. l-World's Fair, Chicago, Name ….. We almost h*esi"tate" to print the June 20, 21-National Council of Fed- Addres, •.. erated Church Women, Chicago, Ill. good words that friends say of the REVIEW, but the magazine is printed July S-7-Association of W 0 men only for the glory of God and to ad- Preachers, Milwaukee, Wis. vance His Kingdom among men. Here are some views of the results: July S-13 – International Christian Endeavor Convention, Milwaukee, "I have taken the REVIEW for many Wis. years and count it the most valuable paper that comes into our home. . . . July 8-28–Eighth Seminar in Mex- No Christian should be without it. ico under the auspices of the Com- . • . Next to your Bible, I advise mittee on Cultural Relations with Christians to read this REVIEW." Latin America. GEORGE F. TIBBETTS, Cornwall-on The list of Missionary Conferences Hudson, N. Y., Founder and and Summer Schools of Missions will Director of the Gospel Volunbe found on page 268. teers of the World.

SPEED! Yokohama in 10 days, The

Shanghai in 14, via Direct Express Route, , , Empress of Asia, Empress of AGREEMENT • the AMERICAN Russia, Via Honolulu, , , Empress of BIBLE SOCIETY Japan (largest, fastest Pacific liner) and PLAN of Empress of Canada. will help you solve it GO fmPRfSS AND it will help you in your desire to have a share in Choose between supreme luxury furthering a worthy and essential Christian enterprise. of First Class and supreme econ- omy of Tourist Class. Sailings from Vancouver (trains to ship-side) and Victoria … to HONOLULU, JAPAN· CHINA· MANILA ORlfnT What is an Annuity Agreement of the American Bible Society? CANADIAN PACIFIC Are Annuity Agreements 'of the American Bible Society safe?

What advantages do Annuity Agreements have?

Are holders of the Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society satisfied with them?

Has any annuitant ever lost money through an Annuity Agree- ment of the American Bible Society?

Are Annuity Agreements recommended as a source of income for persons unfamiliar with financial matters?

Do men ofrecognized business abil- ity secure Annuity Agreements from the American Bible Society?

REGAL COMFORT! This is a Tourist What willmoney placed inAnnustateroom. Imagine the luxury of First ity Agreements eventually ac- Class. Rates are surprisingly low. ;, complish through the American REDUCED SUMMER ROUND-TRIP FARES! Bible Society? Fares include passage from Seattle. Connections at Honolulu with San THESE and other questions Francisco and Los Angeles sailings, In- about the Annuity Agreeformation, your own agent or Canadian ments of the American Bible Pacific: New York, Chicago, Montreal Society are answered in a new and 32 other cities in U. S. and Canada. booklet "A Gift That Lives."

MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY rA.M-;;;C~ ;';L~~~B~ ~sel A:: ;;:e~ew y:';:-c;- – I I 1 I Please send me, without obligation, your booklet I No. MRS, entitled "A Gift That Lives", I Name I ___ Denomination___ ____________________——- I Address ———————– ——————– ——————————-1 I CitYn State__________________ ___ _n ___ n __________ n _______ u ____ , [233 ]

IN ALASKA IS NOT ALWAYS SMOOTH. WHEN THE HIGH TIDES OR THE WIND BREAK UP THE ICE AS

FREEZES, IT WILL BE VERY ROUGH WHEN IT HAS FINALLY FROZEN SOLID, AND TRAVELING IS DIFFICULT. MOST OF THE DOGS IN THESE TWO TEAMS ARE HIDDEN AMONG THE BLOCKlS OF ICE Yhoto and print by Martins. FOURTH OF JULY AT QUINHAGAK, 1929. MR. OLSEl' IS THE MAN TO THE LEFT MORAVIAN MISSION WORK IN ALASKA-WINTER AND SUMMER

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS —-~—- VOLUME LVI MAY, 1933 NUMBER FIVE Topics of the Times ACTION AND REACTION IN GERMANY Press dispatches report that the Government The establishment of a Republic has not brought has ordered the suppression of the "nudist movestrength, peace and prosperity to Germany. The ment" as constituting "one of the greatest dangers period since the World War has been one of un- to culture and morals. In women it deadens the rest, experiments and dissatisfaction. Youth has sense of modesty and in men it destroys respect run riot; immorality has increased; strange cults for womanhood, which are the prerequisites for have flourished; communism has spread and spir- an:f re~l culture." Owners of open-air tracts, itual religion has waned. sWII.TImmg baths and other facilities used by nudIst clubs must cancel their contracts on the Now a new leader has come to the fore-Adolph ground that they violate good morals. Hitler, an Austrian by birth, a painter by trade, a dictator by disposition, a Nationalist by convic- 3. The Nazis are apparently endeavoring to tion. It has become a passion with him to make unify the Church and to make it thoroughly Teu- Germany, his step-fatherland, a strong, united tonic-possibly for political ends. The namenation. He is adopting many of the iron-hand "German Christians" has been adopted and cer- Fascist policies of II Duce, Mussolini, of Italy. tain leaders in sympathy with the movement have Adolph Hitler has, by his strong personality, his passed resolutions asking "equal fusion of the gift of oratory, his political talents, and his mili- Church with the Nazi movement in a pure Aryan tary organization, won the support of the German electorate and of the aged President, Von Hinden- tsdhpiseimrliiitvs;isnaeglqoluafantlghizueaatOgioledntoToetfhsteoaremgxaecnnluitssbtioaasninsodfatnphdaesstauonbr~siteiantntud·~ burg. His program is based on strong patriotism, pride and love of display and bitter antagonism tion of the German inheritance; instead of Jewish to Jews and communists. These two classes are prophets, sagas and fairy tales are to supply leadhated as aliens to Teutonic welfare and ideals. ing personalities from German spiritual, philo- sophical and artistic life." Three results seem to be following the establishment of the Nazi regime of Hitler and his Among the principles and teachings adopted for this new Federal Church are the following: "Brown Shirts."

1. The boycotting and persecution of the Jews. "Teutonism is a gift from God, who created me a Ger- It is reported that members of this race have been beaten and persecuted, their property destroyed man. • and they themselves deprived of their positions. This includes eminent Jewish authors, scientists, "He desires that I fight for my Germanism. This is not artists, actors, financiers, judges and professors. The Nazi anti-Semitism has raised a vigorous pro- contrary to the Christian conscience. test in many lands and has led to a movement to "The faithful have the right of r.evolution as against a ~hurch official who does not recognize the national upris- mg.

"The goal of the religious movement of the 'German- Christian' is an Evangelical Federal Church."

establish German Jewish colonies in Palestine. This religious movement is in direct antagonism 2. There seems to be a reform movement, in- to communistic atheism. But multitudes of Ger- cluding a return to imperialistic government, the man Protestants will not be ready to accept the revival of a titled aristocracy and some moral re- Nazi program or to put the Swastika on an equal- forms. There is a stricter censorship of the press ity with the Cross. The General Superintendent and of the cinemas and theatres-both on moral of the Evangelical Lutheran Church has already and political grounds. issued a warning against using the Church to [ 235]

promote any political program. One declaration religious interest, particularly among students, seems to of the "German Christians" condemns the expec- be on the increase while confidence in the Church is detation of the fulfilment of "the dream of an earth- clining." ly kingdom of peace and righteousness and the general welfare of all," on the ground that such But the Christian Church has always been fulfilment would "deny the necessity for Christ's called upon to face and combat these tendencies salvation . . . This perfection God has reserved to skepticism, materialism and worldliness. As a for the New World which will come into being matter of fact, while the youth of today are more through the resurrected Lord." independent and self-reliant than in the past, they are no less earnest and are quite as ready to This seems to go to the extreme of an anti- search for and follow truth and to make sacrifices social service program. The whole of the Hitler for a worthy cause. The tendency to drift and to policy seems to be based on dictatorship. Are not dissipate their talents is due largely to dissatisfacall of these failures and experiments in human tion with the ideals and program presented to government leading us to recognize the fact that them. They are eager to blaze new trails and to the only perfect laws and government are those attempt new experiments to correct entrenched of the all-wise, all-powerful and all-loving Ruler evils. Therefore they are ready to experiment in -God, as revealed in Jesus Christ? Freudian philosophy, in materialism, socialism, in communism and atheism. But they are not sat- YOUTH AND RELIGION IN AMERICA isfied. Dr. Harold F. Carr, director of the Wesley For some years there seems to have been a Foundation at the University of Pennsylvania, marked tendency among the youth of the nation declares that he comes into contact with many a to drift away from the Church and from organ- youth who wants proof of the existence of God.

ized religious activity. This is nothing new for Many university pastors have been surprised to youth has always required wise education and have some seemingly frolicsome youth turn se- strong leadership to prepare them to take up re- rious and blurt out: "I'm going to blow up if I sponsibilities in state or business or church. To- don't find something to tie to."

day, however, the forces and tendencies drawing This is a time for the Church and for Christians them away from Christ and obedience to His of positive faith and experience to give the youth standards of life are many and persistent. Note the leadership they are seeking. Religious inter- for instance the salacious and pernicious litera- est in colleges seems to be increasing rather than ture that is now more freely distributed than for diminishing-not in Bible study and chapel at- many decades; the false and degenerating views tendance, but in readiness to talk on religion and of life presented even to young children in the in a search for reality. The great lack is in the motion pictures and the drama; the anti-religious parents, the teachers, the preachers. One student and anti-Christian teaching and influence of many writes: teachers in schools and colleges where the Bible and the supernatural are discredited and mate- "The Church strikes us as being too remote from life. rialistic philosophy upsets moral and religious It is not hard for us to see that the New Testament has standards; the corrupting influence of graft in some application to our own problems. It is hard for us politics, dishonesty in business and immorality in to see that the Church makes much of an effort to give society. Even more damaging are the weakening that application practical meaning." of many forces that have been depended on to lead the coming generation to higher and more Jesus Christ, the Christian religion, the New sane views of Ufe-the disintegration of the fam- Testament are in reality all one and present not ily as the center of religious training and moral only a positive and final revelation of truth but a influence; the weakening hold of the Church as an definite Way of Life that will purify and strengthinstitution where men of God teach, with divine en the individual, the home, the State, the school authority, the Word of God; the lessened appeal and the Church. This is the religion that the youth of today and tomorrow need and for which they are seeking.

for sacrificial service in missionary work, and the A MISSIONARY CHALLENGE TO neglect of personal evangelism. STUDENTS* Dr. Stanley High, in a recent article, says: "It is probably true that the present generation has its At this time when relatively few new missionanormal quota of young people who are either anti-religious ries are being sent to the field, there is a marked or frankly indifferent to the whole matter. A recent col- tendency to neglect missionary education and relege graduate wrote an article on 'What College Has Done cruitment among students without regard to posto My Religion.' In brief, it has robbed him of it. • This timely challenge by the General Secretary of the Student "There is nothing particularly new in college-bred ag- Volunteer }lovement. appeared in the llIissionary Herald for }Iarch. nosticism. The thing that appears to be new is the wide- It is here condensed and is worthy of note.-Editor. spread and open distrust of the Church. At present

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

sible future needs. While mission boards and individual men and women, and to make a gen- other agencies must direct their energies and uine contribution to the corporate life of the funds toward the meeting of emergency situa~ world. JESSE R. WILSON.

tions, nevertheless, there is great need for mis~ ON THE NEW TESTAMENT BASIS sionary education in times like these for three reasons: There is no clearly defined historical basis for 1. Students are now more open, responsive, and ideal- Christianity outside of the New Testament. There istic with regard to missions and international affairs and is no definite and adequate basis for Christian service in general than they have been at any time since missions outside of the New Testament. It is there the years immediately following the War. that we :find the record of the life, the teachings, the death and the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 2. If a student can now be challenged by a vital, for- together with the command to His followers to go ward-looking missionary message and program, they will help to redeem the present situation through the contribu- tion they can make to the churches in missionary interest, out unto all the world and bear witness to His knowledge, and passion. Good News. Human need and human philosophy, 3. If students of this generation are not won to the mis- beliefs and ambitions might account for the spread sionary cause there will be a hiatus between the older and of Christ's teachings, as they account for the the younger leadership even more serious than that which spread of Buddhism and Islam, but they cannot now exists.

The challenge necessary to win students today account for the transformations wrought in huto cooperation in the missionary cause shQuld be: man lives, in communities and nations. These transformations, in spite of great difficulties and 1. A challenge that offers some assurance of a fierce opposition, are only accounted for by the cooperative, progressive, and continuing mission- work of the Spirit of God in men's hearts. ary movement. Students, with the spirit of ad~ venture natural to youth, are willing to take a Based on this conviction, and as a protest chance; they do not necessarily want to see the against the doctrinal position taken in the Layend from the beginning; but they are worldly- men's Commission Report, there has been formed wise enough to be hesitant about giving them- in New York "An Interdenominational Associa~ selves to a cause which offers no opportunity for tion for the Re-emphasis of New Testament Mis~ a long-time investment, with the promise of prog- sions," sponsored by a committee of one hundred. ress and growth. This Association has issued a "Declaration" which; after expressing strong disapproval of cer- 2. A challenge that presents a genuine need. tain positions taken in the Laymen's Commission Students today are not interested in promoting Report, declares the Association's position to be -any cause merely for the cause's sake. If there as follows: are deep and poignant needs in the life of the world which they can help meet, many will be 1. Faith in the inspired Scriptures "which are able ready to give their best. to make men wise unto salvation." We believe that the risen Lord Jesus Christ is the only begotten Son 3. A challenge that has in it a measure of ur- of God, and that He died for our sins as a substitugency. If the impression is given that the needs tionary sacrifice, and that there is salvation in no of the world can be met in another generation as other name. We believe that this declaration is the well as in this, and if missions are presented in heart of the Christian missionary message.

these terms, it is natural that students should be 2. That it is the duty of the whole Church to pro- claim the whole Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Lord, to drawn into those tasks which call for unselfish the whole world. That we support the historic organiaction now. zation of Missions seeking to accomplish this end.

4. A challenge based on a conviction that in 3. That it is the primary duty of missionary boards, Christ there are resources for the meeting of the executive officers and missionaries representing evanworld's need. This is the basic conviction of mis- gelical churches to faithfully proclaim and practice the sions, and it is a mistake to feel that students will Scriptural teachings pertaining to the Person, work shy at this, but will respond to some human and commandments of the Lord Jesus Christ, and, scheme of international friendship or world re- under the leadership of the Holy Spirit, to seek the construction. Our conviction that Christ is the regeneration of sinners throughout the territories answer to the world's deepest needs will lead the where their ministry extends, and by these efforts to establish bodies of believers as indigenoUS, witnessing finest and best of students to offer themselves for churches or assemblies. missionary service and support. 4. That it is the paramount duty of every Christian 5. A challenge that offers opportunities to make to be mindful of the need of mankind to be saved, and available to people the Christian resources in to be controlled by a sincere devotion to our Lord terms of real life values. The fostering of forms Jesus Christ, leading him to practice and to persevere and ceremonies presents no challenge to the best in a steadfast and systematic sacrifice, that he may of our young people today. They want really to support to the utmost the Cause of Christ at home, and minister to the hearts, and minds, and bodies of to the ends of the ea'th.

5. We declare ourselves associated together on the poverty is rampant. Even the most optimistic basis of New Testament faith and example to the end express their doubts and misgivings as to the fu- 'of serving our Lord Jesus Christ through the promo- ture. The crisis has forced men and women to tion of knowledge, zeal and sacrifice concerning the recast their political and economic ideas. There evangelization of the world, as a duty of Christians are today more signs of man's humanity to man wherever they may be found. in daily conduct and in national policies.

The first public meeting under the auspices of Widespread maladjustment has aroused the this Association was held in Calvary Baptist student class to vigorous protest against the theochurch, New York, on March 20th and brought retical character of public education. The younger together a large and enthusiastic audience of some generation suspect that they have been defrauded 1,500 people. Addresses were given by the chair- for they are not being trained to grapple success- man, Dr. John W. Bradbury,* pastor of the Wads- fully with the stern vicissitudes of life. Advanced worth Ave. Baptist church, New York; Mr. Philip thinkers among them are advocating needed re- Benson, president of the Dime Savings Bank, forms and from this welter of ideas some con- Brooklyn; Dr. Robert H. Glover, Home Director structive measures are sure to emerge.

of the China Inland Mission; Dr. A. Z. Conrad, Evangelical Christians of Chile believe that pastor of the Park Street Congregational church, they have a power and a program to cope with Boston, and Dr. O. F. Bartholow of Mt. Vernon every emergency. The numerical strength of Methodist Episcopal Church, New York. evangelicals is not shown in statistics for many If the Laymen's Commission Report does noth- sympathize with the cause but are not yet en- ing else, some stimulus to the cause of Christ will rolled as members of a Protestant church. Chile result from the stirring of Christians in all lands is approaching Japan in the percentage of evan- to a reaffirmation of their loyalty to Christ, His gelicals within her population, and while mission claims, commands and campaign, and a rededica- schools have not enlisted as large numbers of tion to the proclamation of the Gospel, as pre- enlightened citizens as in Japan the evangelical sented in the New Testament, to all people by body includes men and women who are held high word and deed. This Gospel relates to the whole in public confidence and esteem. These Chris- of life-here and hereafter-and is made effective tians are being sorely tested by the slough of only through acceptance of the atoning s~crifice trade and unemployment. In many evangelical of Christ and the gift of Life from God. churches fully half the members are without regular work. They are severely crippled finan- CONDITIONS IN CHILE cially, but their faith and their moral heroism In general terms, we may say that Chile is ex- sustain them. Sacrificial sharing is the watchperiencing economic chaos, political revolution, word of the hour. Penury is the challenge to social reconstruction, educational upheaval and Christian patience and valor. The Saracenic spiritual quickening. The struggle for continued fatalism of their Spanish ancestors has been supexistence as a civilized nation has left Chile little planted by their confidence in their heavenly better than a hopeful convalescent. Father. Most of these church members live liter- ally from hand to mouth but they are persuaded Chile has a population of 4,340,000, scattered it is God's hand that distributes their daily bread. over a stretch of territory so long that armed police in large numbers have been necessary to Throughout the past year of prosperity there maintain livable conditions. But militarism has has been, on the part of the more favored classes, strangled Chile. Sixty thousand of her choice a languid wistfulness in spiritual concerns. Besons are enrolled in the regular Army, the Navy, fore the specter of hunger, the privations that the Air Force and the Carabineers. (An im- disorganize the home, and the shadowy attendant mense Police Force is required in addition.) ills that batten on misfortune, even the most ma- Almost half of the annual budget of $125,000,000 terialistic have become thoughtful. The alternais required to maintain the fighting forces. Chile tives they face compel a revaluation of Chrismight be likened to a swimmer weighted down tianity. Staggering under economic burdens they by a full battle kit. begin to see the truth of Christ's estimate of imperishable treasures. National misfortunes The Government is seeking to provide work, arouse a sense of the benefits of unity and brothshelter and sustenance for more than a third of erhood. Christ shed His blood to make this the electorate. A hundred and twenty thousand brotherhood possible among all the family of the breadwinners, most of them unskilled laborers, redeemed. Rather than embrace communism or are hostage in the larger cities and objects of political fascism many would advocate genuine charity. Homes and families are suffering. Gaunt Christianity with a reorganization of thinking • The officers of the Association are Dr. John W. Bradbury, and conduct under Christ's personal sovereignty.

Chairman; Paul H. Graef, Secreta,:y; Alwyn Bali, Jr., Treasurer. J. H. McLEAN. The office of the secretary Is 75 Malden Lane, New York.

the Eskimos in

By the REV. S. H. GAPP, Ph.D., D.D., Bethlehem, Pa.

President of the Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel Among the Heathen CHARLES SUMNER suggested the name folks there do see the wonderful Northern Lights. "Alaska" for "Russian America," when the The enormous wealth of the Territory in fish- United States bought the land from Russia eries, mineral resources and timber does not in 1867. It is said to be a corruption of "Al-ay- come from the tundra and fishing for export is ek-.sa," meaning perhaps "great land" or "main prohibited by law in the Yukon and Kuskokwim.

land." The price paid was one-half cent an acre Mineral resources are found in the mountains.

or $7,000,000 in gold, plus $200,000 for expenses There is no timber on the tundra where the na- connected with the transfer. This indicates the tives hunt fur-bearing animals. They use fur for enormous size of the Territory. clothing, and since the advent of It was a bargain, but the Amer- the white man (whom they call ican public greeted the purchase "Cossack") they exchange furs with contempt and called it: "The for tobacco, sugar, hard-tack, Zero Islands," "Andy Johnson's clothing, rifles, ammunition, boats Polar Bear Gardens," "Seward's and outboard engines.

Ice Box," "Seward's Folly," "Wal- The physical condition of the russia," "The Polar Bear Treaty." terrain .is uninteresting and an That part of the tundra or almost impossible habitat for hu- "plain," found in the lower Kus- man beings. It is flat and yet kokwim Basin is a flat, low-lying very uneven. "Niggerheads" or country, only a few feet above the clumps of marsh grasses that lift level of Bering Sea. This district up the moss make walking almost extends approximately one hun- impossible in summer, when the dred to one hundred and fifty tundra is a bog. No sand, ground, miles into the interior which is stones or trees. Only moss, gray, very mountainous. brown or white, sedges, browse Only one quarter of Alaska's and lichens. In winter there is area lies within the Arctic Zone. nothing but a frozen mass cov- There are three distinct climatic ered with snow. No roads-and provinces; our Moravian Mission none can ever be built unless they District lies in the second, beyond should build them on pyles the coastal mountains in the "pumped" into the perpetual ice.

south. The summers are short They have no streets in the vil- and extremely moist and foggy lages; at the mission stations but comparatively warm (50 to READY FOR AN ARCTIC WINTER. AN boardwalks run from the house ESKIM~lDADSii~E~~~ IN A 58 F.). The winters are cold and to the church and the store.

dry with a mean temperature of There is a surprising variety of from zero to 15° below. The variation in temper- vegetation on the tundra during the brief sum- ature is said to be more extreme here than in any mer. Most of the flowers are only a few inches other part of the earth-from 100 above to minus tall. There are no flashy colors among indigenous 75 and only from 18 to 24 inches of the surface plants. The brilliant fire weed' on the glacial silt ever thaws. Frost has been found to a depth of banks of streams is exotic.

300 feet and nobody knows how much deeper it Animal life is strange only in that some va- extends. rieties are missing. No rats, snails, snakes, spi- Scenery is said to be Alaska's most valuable ders, centiped~s, lizards, house flies and most of natural resource. Fortunately it cannot be ex- the insects so pestiferous in warm climates. Cold ported. Everything else is. But none of this climate animals, game, fish and sea creatures are wonderful scenery belongs to the tundra, but the found in great abundance. The wildest animal is [239 ]

undoubtedly the mosquito. Unbelievable swarms land, 13,000; Canada, 5,000; Siberia, 1,200; of them make life almost unbearable for man and Alaska, 14,000; total, 33,200. The densest Esbeast. Fortunately the malaria mosquito is un- kimo population in the world is between the known. Next to the mosquito is the little sand- mouth of the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers. fly, known in other parts of the world as "punkies." An Eskimo name for them is said to How Eskimos Live mean: "the little thing that gives you a big itch." Alaska Eskimos do not live in snow-houses. There are few tame animals in this region. The Their native places of abode are called igloos. natives know nothing about cats. horses or cows. They are dug-outs, with a low superstructure of There is, however, the wingless, usually flat- poles picked up on the river bank, tied together tened parasite that feeds on warm-blooded ani- with thongs of rawhide and covered with turf mals including man-the trench soldier's pet (moss) and in winter also with snow. A small aversion. Everything is alive with them. The hole on one side serves as entrance, covered with natives call them by several names one of which fur in cold weather. Many have vestibule storm is supposed to mean: "my dear companion." They shelters built in front of the entrance. The only actually eat them and say the flavor is fine! window, made more for superstitious reasons than for ventilation, is a small hole in the roof. The most important domestic animal is the lt is a wooden frame across which is tightly "malemute," or the far-famed Eskimo dog. He is stretched a seal intestine. The igloo contains no half wolf and half dog, with the virtues of the furniture of any kind-no stove, bed, table, or one and the vices of the other. There is nothing chair; no cooking utensils or dishes. There are this creature likes better than a dog-fight and he no sanitary arrangements, but there is plenty of wiIl attack anything that comes his way. Each filth and lice and a horrible odor. Light and heat dog gets a dried fish every evening when his work are provided by a bowl-shaped piece of pottery is done but the master provides no shelter, even filled with seal oil and with a wick of dried moss in the coldest weather. A team of "huskies" will projecting over the edge. This gives more smoke travel about forty miles a day. He is a beast of than light. The air often becomes so impure that burden for sled, wheelbarrow, push-cart and acts the flame dies down and folks can hardly breathe. as horse, mule, donkey, automobile, Pullman and The first time I entered an igloo, I stood in a freight train, all in one. cramped position for a while; then I shoved the window partly down the side of the roof so that The people who live in this strange land are I could stand erect. . My feet sank deep in the known as Eskimos. This is a corruption of a mud of the floor while my head projected majesname given by Indians in the interior and is sup- tically from the man-hole in the roof! Such a posed to mean: "those who eat raw fish." They half-underground hole perhaps ten by twelve feet, call themselves Utes, which means "people." They may be the home of two or three squaws and are nomads and live by hunting and fishing. their children. There is only one inhabitant for every ten square miles of territory. The men and larger boys live in the kasheem or kashige-a sort of community house. A hole The origin of the race has not definitely been is dug into the glacial silt five to ten feet deep determined but they are not Indians, though and about fifteen to twenty feet square. Logs, closely related to them. Their Mongolian origin the branches of which have been ground 'off by is generally accepted for the children have the ice in the river, are laid crosswise over the hole Mongol spots along the spinal column. tiIl there is a superstructure twelve or fifteen feet high. At the top there is a seal-intestine window Unlike the Arctic Eskimos, the Yukon and a few feet square and the whole structure is cov- Kuskokwim Utes are short, squarely built people, ered with moss and glacial silt. Near the middle averaging about five feet or less. They have cop- of the floor of the hole in' the ground they dig a per colored complexions and faces somewhat tunnel with a gentle slant upwards and reach the round. Occasionally the men grow thin beards open air fifteen or eighteen feet from the kashige. and well-developed mustaches. Faces often indi- Over this entrance a' storm shelter is built and cate strength of character and personality. Chil- to enter the house you must crawl on hands and dren and young women sometimes have plump knees through this dark, smoky, mushy, filthy faces, somewhat attractive. They age rapidly and tunnel. In this place the men and big boys live, few become really old. The cheek-bones are high- work, eat, sleep, loaf, gossip, chew and smoke toer than in the Indian and the cheeks broader; bacco, take their sweat-baths, hold their feasts the lower lips are thick and eyebrows are pro- and dances in honor of the dead. truding. Here, in the kashige, the missionary preaches No real census of the entire Eskimo population has been taken but estimates range from 27,000 to 43,000. Mr. Rasmussen's figures are: Green-

AMONG THE ESKIMOS IN ALASKA

the Gospel. When he arrives in a heathen village, the hocus-pocus performed by the shaman is all he first obtains the consent of the chief to hold a that is ever done for the si<!k. meeting. When he asks permission for the women to attend, he is told that if the white man cares Death is terrible to the heathen Eskimo. Their to have them come, yes, though really they have indefinite ideas as to life after death and metemno business in the kashige. The men sit along psychosis fill them with' terror. The departed's the four walls, on benches made of split trees tarnera (shade) is supposed to cling to the corpse fastened against the wall about three feet from four days-a woman's five days. Then it joins the ground. When the women enter, they modestly the charaiyak underground and becomes an evil take their place on the floor and under the spirit which must be propitiated. benches. In such a dirty hole the Gospel must be preached, except in summer, when meetings are Immediately after death, the corpse is dressed held in the open air. In summer the natives live in the best clothes available and drawn up into in tents at the fish, wood or hunting camps. the funeral posture-a sitting position; with heels pressing against the chest, the arms bent and against the body with the hands clasping the ab- domen. Then the corpse is wrapped tightly in grass mats or fur and bound with rawhide. Superstition demands that it be lifted through the smoke-hole in the roof, or one made for that spe- cial purpose. Then the aperture is closed at once. If the body were taken through the door the spirit might find its way back into the igloo, and cause the death of another person. The corpse is laid on the driest spot in the vicinity and the imple- ments of the departed are deposited around it. These may be intended for the long journey into the lower regions-but more likely the natives are afraid to use such implements, since the spirit AN ESKIMO CHRISTIAN'S HOUSE IN QUINHAGAK As can easily be imagined, health conditions – are very bad. The commonest diseases are cuts, bruises, sores, skin troubles, boils, insanity, COAST PEOPLE IN FRONT OF THEIR IGLOO IN ·WINTER measles, dip,htheria, influenza, trachoma, pneumonia, rheumatism and especially tuberculosis. An igloo is the partly underground home of the women and More than half the population is tubercular. children. It is not a snow-house, but covered by snow most Venereal disease is very common along the Yukon of the year. Notice the dog-sled on top of the igloo. but not along the Kuskokwim. They show no resistance to influenza and tuberculosis; they usual- of the dead might cling to them. Food is placed ly die of the former and always of the latter. beside the body at intervals. Totem l!illrks (sel- Accidents cause the second largest number of dom poles) may be displayed or monumEmt boards deaths. Until recently they knew nothing of erected with horrid images an51 masks, perhaps whiskey, or "fire-water." None are really long- for the additional purpose ot-Scaring away evil lived. The women especially die early. spirits. The dead were never buried until the missionary brought the tools with which graves Medical treatment is virtually unknown. They coVld be dug in the frozen glacial silt. had no idea of the medicinal use of herbs, after Indian fashion. Rubbing, blood-letting, the use FJ¥ only was used for clothing until the white of oil as a laxative, and a few things too disgust- man came. The parka, or fur smock, is the outer ing to describe constitute the sum of their thera- garment for both men and women but the style peutic practice-though most of them are not therapeutic at all. An aching tooth is removed· by holding the sharp point of a deer horn against its base and striking the other end of the horn with a heavier object-a large deer horn possibly-used as a mallet. They ascribe all sickness and pain, not to germs, but to evil spirits. Only the shaman, working by arrangement with the devil, has power over these evil spirits. Hence

is somewhat different for the two sexes. It is Eskimo has not found any method of obtaining put on over the head and reaches almost to the the essentials of a cultured life; he still has ankle. It has a hood to be put over the head in practically nothing but his food and clothing. A bitter cold weather. Under the parka, the men few of them work for white people as longshore wear fur trousers reaching from the ankle to the men, boat-hands, wood-choppers or guides, or hips, where they are fastened by a draw-string. they carve ivory trinkets or weave grass baskets.

Socks are of deer-skin or woven grass, over which As a race, this means very little, and the Eskimo they wear fur boots. The lower garments of the standard of living still is very low. The Chris- women are combined boots and trousers reaching tian Eskimo nevertheless is very much better off to the waist. In unusually severe weather they than his heathen neighbor.

may wear a double set of furs-the lower set The moral qualities of these people are fairly with the fur next the skin and the outer one with good. They are quiet and modest. Hospitality the hair on the outside. Waterproof coats and is a general virtue. They do not trust whites- boots are made from intestines and fish-skin. For and we can not blame them, but their confidence thread, they use sinews from the reindeer's leg. in the missionaries is unbounded. They pay their The threads are very sensitive to water and, debts if they can get enough furs for that pur- swelling the instant they become wet, prevents pose. As they are very poor, begging from the water from seeping through the needle-holes- "Cossack" has become a common vice. They lack originally the needles were sharpened pieces of self-confidence but readily assist each other in bone. The women chewed the raw fur till it was case of need. Stealing from neighbors is con- soft enough to be pierced by such a fur needle. sidered wrong and a thief is publicly reprimanded Mittens are made from the skins of dogs, rein- in the kashige. Theft from a stranger is less deer, wolves, cormorants, hair-seal and salmon. blameworthy. The Eskimos are not given to ly- Many Eskimo girls and young women, in centers ing and profanity does not exist-except in Eng- where white men have settled, now dress in the lish. Their strongest word is ominakfa which latest American styles, and usually in flashy but means, "how hateful." All smoke and chew- not discordant colors. habits they learned from the Russians. Until Eskimo Life and Morals recently, they knew nothing about alcohol for nothing grows on the tundra out of which they The Eskimos live by hunting and fishing. Cold- could brew or distill intoxicating liquor.

water fish are found in unbelievable abundance. Deeds of violence occur rarely. Formerly they The main diet is salmon-dried, smoked, boiled, exposed children, the sick, or aged parents, and raw, frozen and rotten! The last named is the the aged often committed suicide to avoid ex- dessert! They eat the eggs of migratory birds posure. Witches were tortured to a horrible death.

and the flesh of some game animals as well as the Sex immorality is the commonest vice and their domesticated reindeer. They are fond of the in- moral standards in this respect are very low.

testines of the fox. The next most important item They have a fine sense of humor, rigidly con- is "blubber"-the fat of seals, walrus, and beluga trolled. When something funny happens in school, or white whale. They like their fat rancid. In the children will give not the slightest sign of the short summer they occasionally nibble at cer- their feelings, but during recess they may roll in tain roots and leaves and use huckleberries in the snow and laugh aloud in glee over the funny the fall, and cranberries which are frozen in thing that happened perhaps hours ago. A priest winter. once spoke a great deal about "the big fir~"

Normally fish fairly swarm in their waters. (purgatory). One night his cabin caught fire; Winter fishing through the ice, or watching a he tried to escape through the one small window "blow-hole" for the seal to exhale and inhal€l, in his attic sleeping room. Half way in and half often means exposure to terrible weather. way out, his portly rotundity jammed in the nar- Dr. Sheldon Jackson and the American Gov- row aperture. His loud shouts woke the natives.

ernment introduced the domesticated reindeer They saw the fire and rushed to his assistance, from Siberia in the decade from 1891 to 1901 shouting: "The big fire, the big fire." The na- and these animals have multiplied with astonish- tives pulled him to safety but they enjoyed the . ing rapidity. One purpose of their introduction joke on the priest so much that he left that neigh- has been accomplished for the Eskimos can eat borhood and never returned.

his flesh when fish and blubber are scarce and The sense of personal property rights seems to can use the hides for clothing and bedding. But be entirely lacking and they share with the peo- the reindeer has not raised the economic condi- ple of their village all they have. Occasionally tion of the native. The reindeer meat is sold in they gather great provisions for a potla.ch-a the States by a great white corporation. The give-away festival. People from another village

are invited to spend a week with them in feasting prayer for he believes himself too stupid to know and dancing. At the end they give the departing anything about God. There is a God-that's all guests all they have-often no food even is left -only he does not express his agnosticism in the in the village. sesqui-pedalian phraseology of the Ph.D.

They never plan for the future. When a mis- Fear takes the place of religion in the life of sionary urged a woman to gather wood in sum- the Eskimo. "We do not believe, we only fear."

mer, so that she would not have to scratch in Everything is full of spirits and all are evil, or the snow twice every day for enough wood to boil at any rate may become enraged and seek his water for tea, she would not do it. She gave as hurt. So he fears everything and all the time- her reason: White people may have some pros- shamans, witches, the forces of nature, cold, fam- pect of life, but Eskimos, especially women, may ine, sickness, death, the souls of the dead, the die any time. If she should die, her husband spirits in earth, air and water, things seen and would at once take another wife and she would things unseen-everything! He tries to keep the have gathered wood for the second wife! That is favor of the spirits by observing all the countless too much to expect of an Eskimo squaw I taboos the fathers have taught him.

Social and Religious His most constant fear is that of the charaiyak, or the spirits of his departed relatives. They live The Eskimo man has little regard for woman- just under ground and have the power of appear- hood. He considers himself so greatly her supe- ing on earth. This they do for the purpose of rior, that the Christian ideal of marriage and finding a better home in the body of a living home life seems ridiculous to him. Today there person. Unfortunately, the presence of the para- are many Christian marriages and homes. site spirit in the body of the Eskimo means sick- Social life is never fully developed among ness and death to the host. An exception occurs, nomads, yet such as there is usually has a firm if the spirit soon after its disembodiment can hold on the people. The Eskimo's wretched dwell- enter the body of a new-born infant. In that ing is always in or near a village, even though case, the spirit can live human life over again.

he does not spend much time there. They love Hence they often believe that their own child the village and its people and social life expresses may really be their own father or mother or one itself mostly in games, feasts, dances and cere- of the grandparents or some other relative. One monial observances. As may be expected, some of Eskimo always called his daughter "mother," be- their practices are such that missionaries never cause his daughter was born on the same day on speak or write about them. which his mother died.

The Eskimo music is strange. Men keep up Their attitude towards their dead combines two for hours a queer, doleful, monotonous chant apparently contradictory elements-fear and re- while travelling on the water or while the women gard. They certainly fear the shades of their own dance in the kashige. Both men and women dead since they might unknowingly offend them dance, but never together. Mostly it is the women and thus turn them into bitter enemies. They who dance while the men chant and keep time by never mention the name of a departed-unless beating a tambourine, which is rudely constructed it has been given to a person soon after the death by stretching a bladder over spruce-wood frames. of a relative. A photographer once showed mov- Most of the dances imitate the work of men and ing pictures in which were some Eskimos who women, such as seal hunting or kayak-making. had died since the pictures were taken. Their A white visitor has described their funny mimicry appearance on the screen caused great consterna- of the antics of a "cranky" outboard engine. tion in Eskimo hearts.

The ceremonial observances are not "religious" They also show great respect for the memory in our sense of the word, yet they have a meaning of the dead and do not easily forget them. Almost deeper than merely entertainment. They are de- daily they offer libations and food in their mem- signed to honor the shades of the dead and· to ory; without speaking a word they throw on the placate the evil spirits. In a sense the Eskimos ground a few fragments of fish or several drops have no native religion. There is no cultus,no of water. At certain intervals, a series of mortu- ritual, no meeting for purposes of worship, pl'ayer ary feasts are held, ending with "the Great Feast or thanksgiving. They believe in God-agayun- of the Dead," sometimes called by whites, the Ten but their idea of Him is very vague. He is the Year Feast. During the feasting and dancing, Creator-but the myth about creation is very dif- they chant, not requiems, but soul-stirring ap- ferent in different parts of the Eskimo domain. peals for the- departed to return. "Dead ones, No moral qualities are attributed to God, such as come here-ala-aiya! Seal-skins for a tent you holiness, justice, love and the idea of Providence will get-ala-aiya! Come here, do. Reindeer skins does not appear. The Eskimo knows nothing of for a bed you will get-ala-aiya! Come here do."

If the dead could accept the invitation to appear, chine guns and poison gas. He assured them it is safe to say the poor Eskimos would be driven again and again that none of these things could frantic by fear. touch him. It was too much for the missionary. He said they would try it on him-and sent for a The shaman alone can save them from the "thirty-thirty." But before the weapon was sickness caused by the evil spirits. They call him brought in, the shaman had disappeared. But "tun-gha-lik," owner of a tunghak or spirit. In sometimes missionaries have been in danger of Greenland the name is Angakok and in Alaska death because of their opposition to the shaman. also A-ngatl-kok or An-etl-kok. He is a witch doctor and the world's greatest charlatan and "If the Son shall make you free, ye shall be scoundrel. He claims to have power over evil free in deed," is' the message of the missionaries spirits by being in league with the chief of evil to these mental and spiritual slaves. They preach spirits-the devil. Through the shaman, the devil the Gospel of Christ and rely solely upon the love is the real ruler of the Eskimos. The shaman by of God, especially as shown in His sufferings, strange and violent incantations, gets control of death and resurrection to break the power of sin a strong spirit from the underworld, who tells in these dark hearts. They do not rely on "larger, him what to do for the sick. Often the shaman or modern, or social or economic" methods in claims he first gets that stronger spirit into his their efforts to win souls for the Lord Jesus. own body and then commands it to go into the They do all the charity they can; they teach the patient's body to drive out the spirit that causes children; they use all the medicinal knowledge the sickness. they may possess; they help the natives get the best prices they can for their furs, grass blankets This witch doctor demands good pay. He never and ivory trinkets. But all that does not save "makes medicine" for sweet charity's sake. The souls. It has its good purpose, but the mission has Eskimos will give a shaman anything for which one great purpose and one great method-to save he asks-fish, dogs, sled, spear, net, trap, gun, the souls of the Eskimos by proclaiming the Gosammunition, parka, house or wife. If he should pel of Jesus the Saviour. refuse, the shaman would put an evil spirit into his body and that would mean death. The Eskimo "The Power of the Gospel" has been demonis the abject slave of the shaman. strated among these lowest people, as everywhere else, by making "new creatures" of many of them. But the Eskimo does not enjoy the slavery. They have their organized congregations, with There are a few cases of the natives killing a regular services, prayer-meetings, Sunday school, shaman, but another one takes his place, that's church officers, with rules of conduct. Their homeall. Only the Christian missionaries fight this life is Christian, with family prayers and Chrisevil power. Sometimes they win easily. During tian training of children. They partially support the Great War, a missionary sat in a kashige with their churches and are already beginning to send the natives. A shaman told the men what he had evangelists out to their heathen brethren. heard about monster guns, high explosives, ma- MISSIONS–A QUALITY OF SERVICE By ERROL T. ELLIOTT The Board of Indian Commissioners pays high tribute to mISSIOns among the Indians. The report makes this significant statement: "A doctor or nurse may pass an excellent ex- amination and rank high on the eligible list for appointment and yet may not be suitable for work among Indians…. Success in the Indian field service calls for a certain amount of missionary spirit and a willingness to forego many of the conveniences that are taken for granted in most white communities."

Those are not the words of missionaries or mission board secretaries, they are the words of a group of men who look upon the Indian service as a government function. They sense the practical demands of that service. A mere secular service is insufficient. They want people who are not merely desirous of holding a job, but rather inspired servants who are spending their lives for a Cause.

The mission cause means neither a narrow dogmatism nor an inflated liberalism. It demands a type of servant that works as though God were involved in the affairs of men. It is important that Christians prepare the best they can both physically and mentally for any task which they undertake, but this preparation will not serve as a substitute for a heart that is kindled with a faith in God and a love for man. Christians who believe that Christ was everlastingly right in what He said and did will finally be unconquerable as they build the Kingdom of God.-Friends Missionary Advocate.

to Tight: A. M. Varki, Alwaye, Travancore, Principal of Union Christian College; Bishop Bannerji

Bishop of Lahore; Daw Nyein Tha, Head Mistress of Morton Lane Girls' School; P. Ooman Philip, Secretary, National Christian Council; Rev. A. RaIla Ram Secretary, Student C. A. of India.

Christian Messengers from the East By the REV. WILLIAM PATON, London, England Secretary of the International Missionary Council OF ALL the currents of life and thought set younger churches to share with the older their moving, or encouraged in their speed, by knowledge of the Gospel. the Jerusalem meeting of the International Missionary Council five years ago, not the least The first concrete outcome of this resolve was important was that which affects the relation of the decision of the Conference of Missionary 80- cieties in Great Britain and Ireland to invite the the churches on the mission fieid to the churches National Christian Council of India, Burma and of the mission-sending countries of the West. The Ceylon to send a mission to Britain. The heads presence of an adequate representation of those of all the great Protestant denominations as- "younger churches" was one of the most char- sociated themselves with the invitation, and keen acteristic features of the gathering, so that it was interest was shown by the Archbishops of Canter- in line with proved reality, when the Council ex- bury and York. The reception of the Indian mispressed the conviction that the time had come sioners by the King and Queen, represented an when missions of testimony and friendship might acceptance of the mission by all that is most typicome from the East to the West, enabling the cal of British national life.

[245 ]

The Rt. Rev. J. S. C. Bannerji, assistant Bishop come, and a new affection towards India has been of Lahore, led the mission. He has spent his life born. in the villages of north India and never tires, son of a Brahaman convert as he is, of identifying Second, there has been given an ocular, concrete himself with the church of the outcaste mass- demonstration of that world-wide fellowship in movements. Daw Nyein Tha, a Burmese Christian the Christian Church of which our missionary headmistress, came out of that vigorous life of resolutions are full and yet which is so far from evangelism with which the Burma Gospel Teams the minds of many who have never actually expehave been refreshing India. Her message was in rienced it. Here was evidence that the Church essentials that of what are called the "Oxford of Christ includes differences of color, of lan- Groups." Principal A. M. Varki, the leader of guage, of tradition and civilization. The Indians a most remarkable piece of Indian initiative in made us see their Church, sprung from the Brah- Christian education-the Alwaye Union Christian man and from the outcaste, struggling with its College-was also a representative of that ancient own myriad problems of witness and life. In so Syrian Church which has been in India at least doing they helped us to lift our own Church life since the fifth century of our era, if not, as its into a diviner and ampler air. members passionately believe, since the days of the Apostle Thomas himself. The Rev. Augustine Third, and far the most important, these mis- RaIla Ram, a graduate of Forman Christian Col- sioners from the East preached the Gospel of the lege, Lahore, is a leader of the Student Christian blessed God with power and conviction. They Association of India, and the former pastor of the glorified in having nothing new to say-no Orien- Jumna (Allahabad) congregation of the North tal mysticism, no recondite interpretation, simply India United Church. He brought a wide knowl- the message of God in Christ. On the great edge of the Christian enterprise throughout In- spiritual issues they spoke with accents of joyful dia. For the first month the missioners had the certainty, and they reproved in many an unsusinvaluable help of Mr. P. O. Philip, one of the pected tendency to minimize the supernatural secretaries of the National Christian Council of quality of our religion. Letters received by the India, who had come from the Herrnhut meeting missioners show clearly that among the gifts of of the International Missionary Council. The this mission must be counted the deepening of the missioners thus comprised a considerable variety spiritual life of their hearers and the preaching of experience and could speak with inner knowl- of the Gospel with new power. If it is true that edge of various aspects of Christian work in India. for many Christians the faith has become too much a matter of custom and form, too much a The work of the mission was necessarily con- part of social and national tradition, it is equally fined to certain defined centers-Belfast, Dublin, true that, in the world-wide character of the Newcastle-on-Tyne, Leeds, Liverpool, Bristol, Church, God has proviqed us with the cure for Bangor, Cardiff and Swansea, Birmingham, Edin- such unreality. Many found that the vital Gospel burgh, Glasgow, Manchester, Leicester and Lon- broke through the muffling folds of custom and don. The program in each city was somewhat the acquiescence as never before. same. On Sunday the missioners preached in the pulpits of churches of all denominations; there There are other consequences of this mission were specially summoned meetings for clergy and which it is not hard to foresee. First, this misministers, for young people, students, and teach- sion has pointed out a way whereby the contacts ers, for laymen and for women. Some schools between the churches of the West and of the East were visited and usually a big united public meet- can be made more real. If the administrative reing was held. In two centers a convention was sponsibility for Christian evangelistic work in the held, with an ordered program for several nights. East is to be placed more and more on the shoul- In most places the audiences were larger than any ders of indigenous Christian leaders, while yet had ventured to hope. In Newcastle, for instance, the generosity of the West is still needed as well over 2,000 people came night after night, in Leeds as the sacrificial giving of the younger churches there were 3,000 people at the closing meeting, themselves, it is plain that most careful thought and at the final meeting in St. Paul's Cathedral at must be given to. the maintenance of real underleast 2,000 people gathered for Thanksgiving. standing and affection between the two, East and West, younger and older. This mission suggests What was achieved? Some things are already possibilities in this direction. clear. First, is the effect of the mission upon the general attitude of Britain to India. These two Second, they have shown the possibilities of peoples have been, in the Divine providence, evangelism on an international basis. China, Aflinked together and are going through critical rica, Japan and the Near East, as well as India, times. Now to thousands of people in Britain a both by receiving and by sending may prove the new understanding of the reality of India has power of the Gospel of Christ coming to men across the barriers which separate the human family.

Is This Foreign Mission Enterprise?

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., LL.D., New York Author of "Changing Foreign Missions," "The Uncut Nert'e of Missions," etc.

W E CAN afford to raise the question even So with later centuries. Granted that Living- at this late day. The enterprise is nearly stone, JUdson, Morrison, Carey, did a magnificent two milleniums old, and has become world- work; is it also our work? Did they not do it in wide and bewilderingly varied in method and de- a world so different from ours that our objective tail. Why Ask the Question? must be different? Granted that their attitude toward other races and religions was proper for (a) It would not be surprising if the main ob- their day, are we to take the same attitude now?

jective were sometimes lost in the details of the If they meant to replace all religions with the program. John H. Converse, Christian faith, is it sure that then head of the Baldwin Loco- we ought to intend the same motive Works, said that it was There is a vast difference thing? De we not, in the naoften desirable for piece-work- in the way in which men look ture of the case, know some ers to see a completed locomo- at the Foreign Mission enter- things they did not know? Is tive or a plain blue-print of one prise. Foreign governments it not an honor to them to say so that each could note the have suspected it as the fore- that they made their own meth- place of his own small part in runner of imperialistic con- ods unnecessary to us? These the whole machine. .Some mis- quest; capitalists have some- are not idle questions. times thought of it as introsionaries may have lost their ductory to trade; adventurers (c) They are augmented by way because they do not know have charged it up to a spirit still another line of inquiry. Is exactly what they are supposed it true, as is sometimes urged, to be doing. Some supporters of adventure. Many in for- that the major gift of one part may be equally befogged. There eign lands have failed to dis- of the world to another is not have been sincere questions cern the motive and at home so much its religious impulses lately about the real result that there are those who have as its general culture and its charged that the whole enterought to be attempted and prise is foolish and ill con- equipment for ordinary life?

therefore the real program ceived. What is the truth? Is not the finality of any form that ought to be adopted. Read what one says who has of religion more than question- studied the work at home and (b) An additional reason for abroad from many angles. able, and do not all religions the inquiry is the feeling that have so much in common that our present world is so changed our main task is to share mu- that it can no longer be meas- tually with others rather than ured by the past. New times, new methods, new give to them? Have we not as much to learn as objectives. Are we to go back to the earliest days to teach, as much to receive as to give? Shall we of the Christian faith to determine our course in not sit down together to find the meaning of life our own day? At first, as anybody knows who and to bring out its fullness, not because we know reads the New Testament, accent was laid on sin it but because we can hope to find it by united and salvation from it ("for the remission of sins," quest? Is it not the part of humility to be seekers etc.), on separation from the evils of the world rather than claiming to have found?

("come ye out … and be ye separate," etc.), on If we say "Yes" to such questions, then the misan eternal future and preparation for it ("the sionary enterprise is quite different from what wages of sin is death," etc.). Have we some- the fathers understood. Paul never thought in thing better to say, something different, some- terms of such questions, nor did any of the later thing more fitted to our present world? Does our missionary heroes. To them this "Faith," which message include all that of the New Testament, had supplanted all possible "religion" in their or omit some parts of it? An enterprise of the minds, had a note of finality which is unmistakfirst century might be one thing and the enter- able; it was this or nothing. They "shared" it prise of this century something else. with others as the lad with the five loaves and two [ 247]

fishes "shared" with the crowd-the lad had food, terrible according to Paul's letters, but they are the crowd had not; the meal was not set up out still "saints" and brethren beloved. Nobody has of a series of lunch-baskets. This did not imply believed in the potential goodness of human na- that the fathers denied truth in prevailing reli- ture more earnestly than those who have recog- gions, for they did not. They welcomed it and nized its moral ruin. The good doctor heartily used it, but it became simply another way of ex- believes in health but knows disease when he sees pressing truth already familiar in the Christian it. Only a poor doctor is so enamored of health faith, not an addition to it. that he cannot take disease seriously. That is the Is It Different Today? difficulty with a good many men who think they esteem humanity above the Christian faith when Two things may be mentioned. One is, that they count human nature good; they have a blind if any radical change is to be made, the burden of side to the perennial facts of hum:tn life. Human proof is on those who seek to make it. What the nature is good where it is not bad and when it is missionary enterprise has been down to date is bad it can be brought around to good by the love not difficult to discover. Change must be argued; and power of God. Nobody has believed in huthe presumption is in favor of continuance. A manity more devotedly than missionaries. Othernew and changed program must not inherit the wise they would not have gone everywhere trying historic program without full recognition that the to help it. No faith rates human nature so high original purpose and message are to be abandoned as Christianity, and no faith sees more clearly how low human nature can sink. This is not a in substance. The other is, that the newness of the day is matter of periods or eras; it is perennial-as good easily exaggerated in its depth. It can hardly be for our day as for any other day.

exaggerated in variety and in its surface ele- (c) There has not occurred any change in the ments. Yet the earliest form of the Christian rational estimate of human nature: it has no faith struck down below the ideas which pre- higher values now than it had then; when it is vailed in its day. fairly seen it has the same distressing perils now (a) It found an idea of sin largely associated as then. If the early program had been addressed with ceremonies and practices, but it disregarded to the peculiar conditions of that day, then we that idea by stressing moral evil and fundamental might need to meet the peculiarities of this day in human relationships in terms which are true for a new program. But it was not so. The terms on all days. It went after men who were "lovers of which men were considered then are quite as natself, lovers of money, boastful, haughty, railers, ural and reasonable now. The amazing changes disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, with- in social and intellectual conditions since the first out natural affection, implacable, slanderers, with- century have left the underlying realities unout self-control, fierce, no' lovers of good, traitors, changed. Man needs saving and is worth saving headstrong, puffed up, lovers of pleasure more and can be saved–that was true then and is true than lovers of God, holding a form of godliness now. What About Salvation? but denying the power thereof." That is a mod- ern list! Is this other list antique: "filled with But does "save" mean the same thing as in the all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, ma- earlier day? Or, better, does it mean anything liciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, malignity; less or does it possibly mean something more? whisperers, backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, Might our present meaning include all that the haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, diso- early day meant and something which that day bedient to parents, without understanding, cove- only slightly pressed? There was an early and nant-breakers, without natural affection, unmerci- pressing accent on being "saved" from something ful" ? These are not the sins of a passing genera- future, but did that involve omission of a more tion. When men go out to cure such things they immediate salvation for the life that' now is? Cerare not men of a period; they are men of the hu- tainly our Lord did not conceive of His gift of man spirit. They did not pretend that all men eternal life as an experience alone of the future. are of that sort, but they knew that such men are There are "present tenses of the blessed life." The terribly real. Only ignorance could doubt the apostles did not suggest that men might be saved continued prevalence of such men in our day and after a while if they were only decent until death; in all days. they argued that men are "saved" here and now, (b) Meanwhile, in the earliest day and ever and that they ought to scale their lives by that since, the appeal of the Christian faith has im- fact. The indignation of Paul in writing to the plied that men have all the potencies which the Corinthian Christians was aroused by what they most flattering advocates of human goodness be- were then doing, the wrong social relations they lieve in. The sins of the Corinthians were pretty were accepting, the evil companionships they

WHAT IS THIS FOREIGN EN'fERPRISE?

were at that very time encouraging-in short, by but it is true that they laid less stress than we do the actual present evil from which they should on the present and social aspects of salvation.

already have been saved. He did stress the fu- If they erred in that, it is possible that we may ture, but he did not overlook the present. His err in under-accenting the future and individual was simply not an "other-worldly" religion. Nor aspects of salvation. Neither error is necessary.

was that the religion of the later leaders~ Un- Christ and Culture doubtedly we have passed into an era of large social and corrective movements which our fath- This is one weakness of the suggestion that the ers did not know. In the popular figure, we are present missionary task is the spread of culture or more concerned to build a fence along the top of the development of a world culture, as though the dangerous cliff than to rescue those who fall that were the end of the enterprise. Such an idea over it. They rescued ruined men; we try to pre- lays our enterprise liable to the charge of exploivent the ruin. They accented picking up the in- tation, which is precisely what we all want to jured man on the Jericho road; we accent break- avoid. A culture is something which we have ing up the band of robbers. Meanwhile, however, developed and which has advantages for us; a we cannot neglect the rescue work while we are faith is something we have received and is good accomplishing the much slower task of correction. for us as sheer human beings and therefore is It would be hard on the half-dead man if we were good for' all men. Propagating a culture may so busy negotiating with the authorities to clear easily be an arrogance; extending a faith can be the road of bandits that we let him die. We have only sharing a gift with others.

to mean by salvation all that our fathers meant After all it should be clear that. changed perand a good deal more. sonalities are all the more essential if there is ever Two considerations come to mind: (1) That in to be a world culture or a world fellowship. We the earlier day it would have been futile for Chris- cannot hope to make good conditions with bad per- tian believers to attempt purely social movements. sons. It may be difficult for right personalities to They were shut up to spreading a spirit which bring about right conditions; it is impossible for would in due course correct the evil. Paul could wrong personalities to bring them about. All hope not have led a movement to overthrow slavery in lies in getting enough changed men to change con- the Roman Empire nor to provide better housing. ditions. Even with added assent on social salva- Later it could have been attempted and doubtless tion we are thrown back on the old accent on per- was left far too long. Christian believers can do sonal salvation.

such things today in almost any land. The whole In early conceptions of the missionary enterscheme has "drive" enough back of it now to save prise there was an unmistakable accent on the persuch plans from mere day-dreaming. The earliest son of Christ and on relation to Him. Of course believers measured their program sensibly, with- there were always the truths He taught and the out surrendering the further task which it would example He set, but they never got separated from have been futile to undertake. Him. They were not the saving fact; hope did (2) The second consideration is that there had not lie in them. He was the saving fact and hope not yet developed in the earlier days a clear-cut lay in Him. Indeed, there is a certain sternness Christian social ideal which could be used as a about the truths and a certain disheartenment check on existing social conditions. A human con- about the example of our Lord that cannot be dition can become so familiar that it does not oc- missed by thoughtful persons. We are not simpli- cur to one to change it until some jarring experi- fying the process by turning away from the per- ence or some penetrating insight makes it look the son of Christ to His teaching and example; we evil thing it really is. The social conditions of the greatly complicate the process by such an ex- West are not yet Christian-far from it. But they change of values. Truths may be condemning as have begun to show such marks of the Christian well as liberating. Example may be depressing regime that their divergencies from it can be seen. as well as inspiring. Everything turns on the We have come to see that our Lord meant quite as power available for obeying the truths and for much for the life that now is as for a continuing following the example.

life, but we can never suppose that He meant less It is here that the person of Christ has largest for the life that is yet to be., When we join to our value in missionary preaching. The Christian beindividual and future salvation a present and so- lief in His presence and continued power was cial salvation we are only catching up with Him. formed when the resurrection was assured. His It seems clear that He meant this all the while. death rounded out an earthly career of service and We have rather slowly come to it. The inter- teaching; His resurrection restored Him perma- mediate fathers never failed entirely to catch the nently to the order of history and revealed the double meaning of their work of "saving" men, meaning and value of His death. Without the

resurrection Christ would have been what is some- and branches if the root were not preserved in times thought of Him-another great religious strength. Any enlargement of the external phases leader alongside His fellows, leaving His teach- of the missionary program needs to be kept true ings to be a contribution to the sum total of reli- to an elemental phase-the actual securing of pergious ideas available for the race. With His sonal relation to God in Christ by which life is resurrection, He is revealed a Saviour and a per- changed and personal character is developed. manent factor in the history of mankind. The missionarJ message from the first has been of a Every movement for good in the world has its Saviour who has a place in history, with a series chief difficulty in finding enough men and women of actual events in an actual period of time, but of the right sort to keep it going. The earliest who also continues with equal power in the life Christian expansionists were wise in making this of today. The Jerusalem Council expression is their first concern. The latest expansionists do from the New Testament: "Our Message Is Jesus well to keep it in the forefront of their concern. Christ." That has been the missionary message The earliest missionaries could not go much farfrom the first; it is the missionary message now. ther than that; the latest ones can go much far- ther and it is right that they do so. But the main The missionary enterprise, then, is the initial lines struck out in the early days are still valid stage of the Christian movement. It is the effort and logical. Much alteration of program and of Christian believers, under the guidance and in- method must be made, but the main objective respiration of the Holy Spirit, to make Jesus Christ mains, its essential implications becoming clearer known everywhere, with all that that implies. Its in later days than in some intervening days. The implications cannot safely be attempted unless its lessons of historical missions are to be considered substance is secured. The implications include all on their merits, not accepted nor rejected because sorts of social improvement and correction, all they are old, but solely according to their relation manner of changed relations among men, all en- to the logic of the faith which is to be extended richment of human life; but they are implications. throughout the world. The great results already They are not the main thing. They are fruit, and granted through the empowering of the Holy they do not grow without the root. The most Spirit reveal His gracious approval: the growing visible element in any tree is its trunk and National churches, the multitudes of personal bebranches on which grows the fruit. These are the lievers in Christ, the thousands of young people most visible elements also in the missionary enter- now under Christian instruction, the wide-spread prise-the institutions, the organizations, the so- spirit of brotherhood among the races-all these cial phases. But there would not long be trunk give us new heart of courage for the future.

IS THE COOLIE WORTH CONVERTING?

What could Hsii want, coming into my room unannounced before breakfast time? He was a man of few words, and little knowledge, whom I had known as a famine refugee, then an inquirer, and now a church member. The leaders had said: "We may as well baptize old Hsii. Doubtless he is a Christian at heart, but he'll never understand much."

Each Sunday morning he came early, said "Peace" to the pastor and "Peace" to some of those he knew, and then seated himself in the back, sitting silently an hour or more till service time. His daily work was among sewage, and we rarely saw him during the week. Here he stood by my breakfast table, and he had something on his mind.

"Pastor, I understood your sermon." "I'm glad to know that. Do you remember the text?" "The Blood of Jesus Christ?" "Quite right!"

"You said that sometimes foreign doctors can take a healthy man's blood to help a dying patient. I think I understood.

"Yes, that was an illustration I used, to show how blood might save human life." "And you are going back again this week to our dear 'teacher lady' away there in Peking, suffering all these many weeks from that terrible cart accident?" "Yes."

"Well, I want to send her my blood that she may get better soon. I am a strong man. The doctors may take all they need for her. Tell 'teacher lady' it's all I can do."

*** *** "I would not give a penny to Missions in China," says a rich critic; "they only cause dissatisfaction among the people, and create trouble and anti-foreign feeling."

Are Missions worth while? -ROBERT GILLIES, China Inland Mission.

I

Students Facing God and

Some Reflections on the Recent Edinburgh Quadrennial Conference By JESSE R. WILSON, New York General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement How many students in one of our large state brought together over 2,000 delegates, chiefly men universities or in Harvard, Yale, or Prince- and women from British universities, but includ- ton would turn out to hear an archbishop- ing also a hundred or more from the Continent. or anyone else-speak on "Sin and Repentance"? The quota for men was more than filled. Hun- If they should come once, would they be likely to dreds of students who wanted to come could not come night after night in response to an announce- be accommodated. Delegates listened with an the ment of similar themes such as "What Do We interest of men hungry for some sure Word of Mean by God?" "The Place of Christ in History," God. Under the growing influence of the "The- "Is There a Moral Standard?" "The Meaning of ology of Crisis" and the continuance of the fact the Crucifixion," "The Holy Spirit in Life," of crisis, one might expect such a demonstration "Prayer and the Sacraments," "The Christian So- in the student movements of Europe, but in Great ciety" ? Britain it was somewhat of a surprise.

What student Christian leaders would have the What does it mean? Essentially this: The temerity to arrange such a series of lectures for crisis-the War, the falling off of world trade, American students? And yet, this very thing widespread unemployment, and the like – has was done at Oxford. In a distinctively student bitten deeply into the life of all classes in the mission sponsored by the Student Christian British Isles as well as in Europe. With most of Movement of Great Britain and Ireland, the Arch- us it has merely meant the partial passing of the bishop of York spoke on these topics, and not only jazz age. With them it means a titanic struggle did almost every man in Oxford hear him at least -grim and terrific, not yet like the War in its once, but hundreds came every evening for eight material aspects, but comparable to the War in its successive nights and later joined in the observ- impact on thought and life. Under these condi- ance of the Holy Communion. A similar mission tions many things that used to count do not count was held at Cambridge and with a like response. greatly, if at all, now; many ways of living that This reveals one of the marked differences be- were once satisfying are becoming no longer so.

tween the students of Great Britain and those of Life's deeper meanings and truer values are the America. The same was found in the program, objects of earnest inquiry. Men seem hungry not attendance, and spirit of the Ninth Quadrennial so much for bread as for God, and the quest for Conference of the Student Christian Movement Him and a dependence upon Him are widespread, recently held in Edinburgh (January 3-9, 1933). involving many students along with all other The program was more varied and comprehensive classes.

than that of the Oxford Mission, but with two ex- The situation in Europe is perhaps even more ceptions everyone of the ten platform hours intense. This was revealed in a meeting of the dealt with themes like "The Essential Message of World's Student Christian Federation immedi- the New Testament," "How Is God Known?" ately after the Edinburgh Conference. We were "Jesus and the Reality of God," "The Meaning of discussing the Conference, the emphasis of which the Cross," and "The Fellowship of the Spirit." had highly pleased almost all of the European del- "The Christian Community and Communism" was egates. I named point after point wherein Edin- the nearest approach to a platform address on a burgh was strikingly different from similar gath- major social or economic issue of the day. A erings in America-as for example, the fact that statement on missions was the only one that tried there were no student voices on the platform, no to open up to the delegates an area of activity in contrasts in .speeches (all saying essentially the which they might really tackle the present world same thing, though in pleasingly different ways), situation. no great convictions in the social, economic, po- Yet this pr?gram, circulated in advance, litical, or international realm; everywhere and [251 ]

always a deep theological coloring. Those re- them to great endeavors and to the solution of marks, revealing by implication the kind of con- great problems in these areas; as they respond ference that has appealed to American students, they will find life; they will find God. In spite of brought forth from a British friend this state- our failures, this is still our approach; and in ment: "Our students would scream (presumably spite of a waning confidence in our powers either with impatience) in such a conference as you de- to find God or to set the world right, we still look scribe." In the Edinburgh Conference our Ameri- askance at any suggestion of change.

can students would probably have revolted on the My own judgment is that in this realm the third if not on the second day. We both said, British are more nearly right than we; though the rather lightly, that the difference is one of na- real answer to our query probably involves some- tional temperament. I wonder if it is! thing of both points of view. We must call men My deeper wonder is as to whether the British to God. That is basic and primary. We must at emphasis may be, with certain modifications, the the same time by wise and definite design, create right one for us as well as for them. The atten- in them a sense of expectancy that God Himself tion of our students is usually focused not on God will call them to great tasks-tasks He has al- but on problems. But how far have we really got ready begun and at which we can see Him at work.

by our problem approach? Has it led us to God? The Word of God must sound in individual hearts If not and if we are apart from him, where are above all the noise of earth, but having sounded, we? Our problems are clearly not solved. Often this same Word, incarnate in us, must through life after our discussions we are more baffled than be- commitments to tasks great and small be verified fore. Is the British way the best after all? Are in every area and realm of life. The contact with we willing to face it-to be sure we know what God and the commission from God will make the it involves, and may possibly lead to, before we work fruitful, and the work will bring us into condemn it or congratulate ourselves on being closer fellowship with God. Together they will closer to reality, to life? bring us to life and life to us. God and a needy It is only fair ·to say that the entire Student world; God at work in a needy world; God set- Christian Movement of Great Britain should not ting us to work in a needy world; God in us the be judged by this one conference. The leaders answer to our own and the world's need for lifechose to feature for this period of five days the life that is full, rich, abundant and victorious! fact of man's need for God, on the assumption that knowing Him and devoting one's self to Him Is this not the message of Christ to all generawill issue in right attitudes and relationships in tions and to all of us regardless of differences in every realm of life. In other parts of the Move- national temperament? "My Father worketh up ment's program there are earnest attempts to dis- till now, and I work." "The Son can do nothing cover and define these right attitudes and rela- of himself but what he seeth the Father doing." tionships. "My meat is to do the will of him that sent me and to accomplish his work." "He that sent me is by my side." "I do always the things that are pleas- God Through Life or Life Through God? ing to him."

But the point at issue is as to where the ma- Often when men begin to talk of God and of jor emphasis should be and as to procedures. man's need and relation to God as the primary What will best bring us to the supreme reality- fact of life, a fear arises in their hearts and minds to life and to fulness of life? Shall we begin with lest it should all lead to an individualistic with- God and find life in Him and in obedience to Him, drawal from life, a retreat psychology, a laissez or shall we begin with the problems and frustra- faire attitude in which duties are neglected and retions of our own lives, individual and corporate- sponsibilities denied. And the history of the the living issues of our own day-and in and Church testifies that such a fear is not without through them attempt to find life and God? foundation. Men tend always toward extremes. The golden mean is golden partly because "among The British Student Movement's answer to this men," as Confucius said, "it has long been rare." query, as given at Edinburgh, is to begin with We think in alternatives and find it difficult to God, to call men to God. As the Archbishop of choose the middle course. Once a man starts to- York put it in one of the Oxford lectures: "To be ward God he is in danger of becoming a religious in actual living union with Him is the fundamen- recluse. Simeon Stilites on his pillar is an extal business of life, and everything else follows treme example of a kind of religious life which in more moderate expressions is not uncommon. from that." The prevailing answer in the American Chris- tian student movements in recent years is: Con- Especially in times of great strain and uncer- front men with life-issues, especially in the social, tainty, like the present, we are tempted to with- economic, and international spheres; challenge draw from the world and justifF" the withdrawal

BRITISH STUDENTS FACING GOD AND LIFE

by calling it devotion to God. The world-our world is sounded here! It is a call to Christ but world-gets into a hopeless mess. What can we it is also a call to fruitful service, and it is the do about it? God must act, and all our feverish kind of call we need. Once again we should go haste is as nothing. We can only love God and into the temple and, knowing as Isaiah did that wait for Him to bring to pass that which He wills. the king is dead (for the equivalent of the king, the wisdom and power of men, has died in our The subtlety of this is that on a comparative generation, too), get a fresh vision of God, feel basis it is true. For instance, in the present His purging fire on our lips and in our souls, and world situation men have failed-good men, intel- then in response to His call say, "Here am I, Lord, ligent men, earnest men. We are all disillusioned send me." and humbled, and the temptation is heavy upon us to give over all effort and in some measure at The Edinburgh Conference placed supreme emleast become Simeon Stilites worshipping God in phasis on our need for God, but, having placed the ·an exalted mood while the world passes on be- emphasis there, it might well have gone on to do neath us. The danger as this point is very real a more perfectly rounded thing by creating in the and we are not at all wise if we deny or ignore it, minds of students a deep conviction that in this but the way to avoid it is surely not to plunge present chaotic world God is surely calling them into the thick of things on our own, to make great to some great task. The fact that He wants us plans and great programs, and then to drive to come to Himself is only half of the story; the through with the hope that eventually we can of other half is that He wants us to go out into the ourselves bring in the Kingdom. There is a better world in love and practical helpfulness. All of us way and we can find it-are even now in process need to face in the most vivid and searching way of finding it, or of refinding it, for it is clearly the world of today concerning which it may be exemplified in Jesus and in the lives of the great said that: Christians of all ages in whom the sense of the nearness and greatness of God has suffused lives 1. While there are goods enough to provide food, of the most practical and helpful ministry. It is clothing, and shelter for all people everywhere, through the way of quiet but intense devotion to the will faulty distribution and other correctible ills, millions of God, to His purpose for us as the part of His suffer the lack of these things and therefore Jive impurpose for the world with which each one of us poverished lives. is directly and immediately responsible. 2. While there i·s medical knowledge and skill enough It is not, then, that we should not work; it is in the world to heal most of the world's diseases and that we should be concerned to do God's work pains, this knowledge and skill is not made available for us, knowing that underneath all our feeble to all. efforts is the ceaseless activity of His great creative Spirit. Our hope is not in what we can 3. While there is beauty and poetry and romance, achieve, and yet our achievements are not insig- and adequate and satisfying conceptions of God, of nificant: God accepts them and uses them in' the life, and of all other spiritual resources enough in the accomplishment of His own perfect will. Thus world to release the dwarfed and bound spirit of men, it is not so much our discovering God by tackling women, and little children everywhere, most people the problems of the world as it is our giving God live under leaden skies through which their spirits a chance to set us to work at these problems. We never soar. can really know Him only as He lays upon us some great commission. The initiative must al- In all of these realms God is at work. The logic ways be with Him, and no amount of our tur:ning of the world is that because He is there, if we Him into an object of scrutiny will ever make throw ourselves into the work, we shall surely find Him real to us. It is only in an "I-Thou" rela- Him. But the history of Christian experience is tionship in which He speaks that He can ever be- that only as we come to Him and let Him give us come known to us. His spirit and His commission will we ever dis- cover the richness of fellowship with Him. Dr. Jesus set forth the principle of God's initiative Albert Schweitzer puts it rightly when he says, when He said, "Ye did not choose me (we act "He commands. And to those who obey Him, sometimes as though we did) but I chose you and whether they be wise or simple, He will reveal appointed you that you should go and bear fruit" Himself in the toils, the conflicts, the suffering -in every realm of life. No retreat from the which they shall pass through in His fellowship, and, as an ineffable mystery, they shall learn in their own experience who He is."

"Those Terrible Missionaries!"

By EDWARD D. GRANT Educational Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Chttrch in U. S.

MISSIONARIES need no defence. Achieve- Church and God's overruling power and presence. ments speak for them. The foreign missionary with all his frailties is But the storm against the foreign mis- the most potent human factor in this whole busi- sionary rages on in random statements from in- ness. If he has blundered so continuously, why different and blase tourists or business men, has God continued to bless his efforts so abun- whose sins the missionaries denounce. But we dantly?

do not expect such outbursts from the mission- We hear that these men and women have not aries' friends. kept up with the times. That they have We are living in an iconoclastic age, when "wearied" and "deadened all thought" with their nothing shocks us, when nothing is taken for preaching. That they are sadly in need of a granted, especially if rooted in the past, and "different approach." What is the full implica- where scandal ceases to surprise us even in high tion here? Is the missionary to speak with less places. Skeletons have been shaken in the closets certainty the truth he came to proclaim? Is he of the mighty, and even our national heroes, once to apologize for or suppress his conviction that hallowed by school-boy worship, have had to Christ is the Way, the Truth, and the Life?

undergo rather humiliating dustings off by those Through the ages there have been those who who proclaim themselves crusaders in the cause wished to alter the simple preaching of the Mes- of truth. sage. There is nothing new or strange about There is no group of foreign missionaries any- this. But history has proved that it is unthink- where who would claim for themselves infallibil- able that anyone should go to the foreign field ity or perfection. Missionaries are human; they who is not absolutely convinced beyond all shadow do not always measure up to what is expected of of doubt that Christ alone is the Way of Salva- them, and they are frequently a disappointment tion, and that the proclamation of His Gospel is to themselves. His main purpose and work. Without such cer- There are the recalcitrant, the noncoopera- tainty enthusiasm wanes and disappears before tive, the ultra-critfcal, the too-aggressive, and the withering reproaches of a scornful heathen- there are occasional examples of practically every ism. Zeal for social uplift and moral improve- other undesirable type to be found among the ment suffers a complete relapse upon the dis- home senders and supporters. But who engaged covery that these things are both unwanted and in pioneer work, with no well blazed trails to unappreciated by a smugly complacent and super- mark the pathway ahead, had not strayed off oc- cilious paganism. Perhaps the time may come casionally in the wrong direction? These men when men's hearts will be turned to Christ simply and women are trail-blazers. They must give by :r:ighteous living and holy example without any themselves sometimes to experimentation so that preaching. But it did not work altogether in those who come after them may be able to follow Christ's time, or in Paul's, and we have enough through. They must accumulate that experi- examples constantly before us in the homeland to ence which others coming later may capitalize convince us that it is not altogether a workable and perfect. They must learn largely by the theory even yet.

"trial and error" process, their errors being no What about the missionaries decorated and more numerous than those in other lines of pio- honored by foreign governments for conspicuous neer endeavor. But, knowing all the facts and service? Have we no more missionary heroes?

understanding their lives, who would say they Are these missionary men and women living in have failed to profit by their blunders and have perfect complacency today in spite of mounting nothing to show for their labors? needs, increasing labors, fewer helpers, poorer If the foreign missionary goes on trial, the tools, decreasing salaries? If these are "little whole missionary enterprise goes with him, for men and women," then God help the rest of us the enterprise is hut the missionary in the aggre- pygmies!

gate, plus the prayers and money of the home -Condensed from The Christian Observer.

254

A Banker Examines the Laymen's

By HUGH R. MONRO, Montclair, New Jersey I~.- President of the Montclair National Bank; President of tbe I StOIlY Brook Assembly T HE Protestant Church has always been a portance in the consideration of the Report. The predominantly lay institution. More than question is: How valid are its conclusions; are ninety per cent of its members have no pro- these things true? Some of the questions involved fessional relation to its activities. Laymen, to a are complex and have been adequately dealt with larger extent than is generally supposed, engage by acknowledged authorities in the sphere of misin preaching and evangelistic effort; they have a sionary statesmanship. These leaders entirely prominent place on the boards and councils of the dissent from the conclusions of the Report as to Church; they have an almost exclusive part in these matters. But, apart from doctrinal and adthe administration of that great agency of Chris- ministrative :problems, the underlying issues tian education, the Sunday School, and they.fur- raised are comparatively simple, and few Chrisnish practically the entire support of the enter- tians of ordinary intelligence will mistake their prises of the Church at home and abroad. significance.

There are laymen of wealth, prominence and in- Shall We Rethink Christianity? Foremost among these is the expression of tellectual attainment, and vastly greater numbers of humble station, all bound by a doctrine in which the lowly mind and sacrificial spirit are Christianity presented in the Report. This, after exalted to foremost place. This fellowship be- all, is the supreme issue and will prove to be the longs to all who hold the essentials of the Chris- basis for final judgment. Those who have little tian faith. Its leaders are chosen by the members, regard for the standards and aims of the Chriswho also delegate from their number those who tian Church rarely exhibit deep interest in its progress. In many instances they find the derepresent them in the various councils, conven- mands of membership too exacting and drift into tions, and assemblies. Considering the Christian non-evangelical bC!Jdies. It is those who hold defi- Church as a whole, therefore, no sharp line may nite convictions concerning both the message of be drawn between leadership and laity. Whatever Christ and the mission of the Church who are its distinction may exist is between those who serve sacrificial supporters and who chiefly sustain its as pastors, missionaries and administrative offi- enterprises at home and abroad.

cers, and the great body of members whose serv- To this devoted discipleship is now offered, as ice is of a voluntary nature. To some, however, a the result of "Rethinking Missions," an entire further distinction may seem necessary because change in the historic belief and practice of the of the increasing prominence of an intellectual Church-in effect a revision of Christianity. Misgroup whose attitude toward all the activities of sionary cQuncils and great Christian assemblies the Church is influenced by their qualified accep- have in the past set forth the nature of the Christance of the principles and teachings of historical tian message and the responsibility of the Church Christianity. on behalf of the non-Christian world; but the de- It is to no minor group, however, but to the liverances of these bodies of world leaders of the great lay brotherhood of thirty millions, that this Christian cause have been remarkable for their appraisal of the enterprise of Foreign Missions is unity of outlook and harmony of statement. The addressed and on whose behalf it assumes to present appraisal, in striking contrast, sets forth speak. It is clear that a commission dominantly a Christianity shorn of its distinctive elements. professional can not truly represent the great The outcome of "rethinking" is a creed in which body of Christian laymen of America. It is rep- educational, ethical, and humanitarian concep- resentative, rather, of the much smaller intellec- tions supplant the spiritual. It is proposed to tual group which has been conspicuous for its the- transplant the fruits of Christianity independent ologicalliberalism as well as its often critical atti- of its roots.. The revision involves a severance tude toward the foreign missionary enterprise. from the basic truth which has motivated missions But neither the personnel of the appraisal for nineteen centuries-that apart from Christ all group nor its intellectual standpoint is of first im- men are lost. The widespread protest by earnest [255 ]

Christians against the perilous trend of these pro- the future progress of the missionary enterprise posals was inevitable. will largely depend.

There are many indications that out of the cru- Appraising a Spiritual Enterprise cible of present economic trial is coming the in- sistent demand for a more vital experience of Of first consideration is the standard by which Christian faith. Many who in recent years have the value and effectiveness of a great spiritual lost their way are finding the satisfactions of their undertaking is to be measured. Since the mis- early faith as "the shadow of a great rock in a sionary enterprise is conducted by fallible men weary land." It may well then be asked: If trials and women it will, of course, have defects. Let it such as these bring to the hearts of men and be conceded that in certain respects it is ill-bal- women so keen a sense of spiritual need, will a anced, poorly manned, inadequately supported; devitalized, humanistic Gospel suffice for the im- that it too largely perpetuates sectarian divisions measurable sorrows of the non-Christian world? . and that there is wide diversity in the ability and A Diluted Gospel training of its representatives. But this is simply a reflection of the infirmities of the Church at Laymen are thinking of these things. They are home. Even a distinguished member of the ap- also feeling the powerful influence of a number of praisal group has publicly e~pressed the opinion added questions: Will this new conception of mis- that the standard of character and intelligence sionary responsibility present any challenge to among missionaries is higher than that of the young men and women who must fill up the mis- leadership of the Church in America. Is there sionary ranks? Will not the spirit of sacrificial not then a degree of absurdity in setting up an giving die out in the absence of those great mo- impossible and unattainable requirement for lead- tives which have stirred the hearts of Christians ership on the mission field and to invoke a crite- in the past? Would not devoted missionaries re- rion of judgment in the evaluation of the mission- gard the acceptance of this program as the denial ary enterprise which departs in every essential of their missionary calling? There are numerous from the standards by which the Church has been facts to suggest that these queries have more than guided in the past?

a theoretical basis. Throughout" the Church there While the laity of the Church has been strangely is evidence of a rising tide of conviction that a inarticulate as to great spiritual concerns there diluted Gospel and a secularized program of Chris- is reason to believe that in any general expression tian activity cannot succeed in any part of the they would manifest the same preponderating disworld. Of timely meaning are the words of approval of this Report as would their brethren of James Chalmers, famous apostle of the South the ministry. Laymen are not as well informed Seas: "I have never met with a single heathen in matters of doctrine as they should be. Due in man or woman whom your civilization, without large measure to the decline of expository preach- Christianity, has civilized." ing, they are probably not as intelligent as their There is a further consideration of serious im- fathers were in this respect. They often grow port in relation to this appraisal which has deeply impatient with controversies which seem to turn impressed men of the Church. Those who have on fine theological distinctions rather than on heretofore given little attention to questions of basic truths of the Christian faith; nevertheless theology and missionary administration are com- in those instances when direct issues are pre- ing to see how these issues are bound up with the sented they almost invariably throw their influ- very perpetuity of the Church and of Christian ence on the side of Scriptural principles.

civilization. It has become apparent that if the The Report raises issues of this precise nature. revolutionary concepts of the Appraisal Report It more than suggests that the principles which should become accepted missionary policies, they have governed the conduct of the missionary enmust also control in every other branch of Chris- terprise during the past century have been outtian activity. Thus there is no escape from the grown. It implies even that the supernatural conclusion that if a Christianity shorn of its su- claims of Christianity may be subject to reconsidpernatural elements, its evangelistic motive, and eration and that a kind of synthesis of religions ministered through a super-organization of vast may prove the ultimate faith for all the world complexity, is to represent the work of the Church (pp. 6, 7, 19, 31, 33, 40, 55, 58). On issues of such abroad, it must inevitably follow that there will basic importance as these there can be little quesbe the same drift from spiritual moorings at tion as to the overwhelming sentiment of the mem- home. bership of the evangelical churches. These mem- With these considerations before us we turn to bers may refuse to draw narrow lines in matters a number of more general issues raised by the of interpretation, but there is clear discernment Report on the determination of which we believe of the fact that through the ages Christian faith

A BANKER EXAMINES THE LAYMEN'S REPORT

has had- the Bible for its sole anchorage. The ers, ambassadors, messengers, witnesses, but by minimum theology of the great body of men and whatever name called they are "missionaries."

women of the pews may be said to at least embrace The missionary calling is no modern idea; it is of three articles: that the Scriptures contain a the very substance of Christianity. It has been unique and indispensable message; that Christ, well said, "God had but one Son and He was a through His death and resurrection, is the only foreign missionary." The reiteration of the Saviour; and that a self-centered, non-witnessing phrase "modern missionary movement" is thus Church, one which has lost its world-wide vision, misleading; it means nothing more than that the is disloyal, powerless, bankrupt! history of the Church has been marked by alter- The Efficiency Test nate periods of revival and declension. The pe- riods of revival correspond generally with those We have referred to an attitude toward spirit- of missionary awakening, the modern movement ual things which is implicit in all parts of this Re- having had its inspiration in the Wesleyan revival port. The message and mission of Christianity of the eighteenth century. The fact to be kept are· expressed in terms unknown to the reverent clearly in the foreground in all discussion of the student of the Scriptures. In numerous respects, progress of missions is that Christianity is in its however, the Report goes far beyond these points very nature a missionary movement and that de- of difference concerning the essential nature of cadence is the inevitable accompaniment of a de- the Christian message. What emerges is a con- clining devotion to the missionary cause. Just as flict of philosophies of missions, the clash of two evangelistic zeal dies out in the heart of the worlds of thought. The modifications proposed, worldly and self-centered Christian, so it dies out once admitted in a single sphere, must finally ex- in the Church which has lost its vision and power.

tend to every branch of spiritual training from Nevertheless, every age has had its missionaries.

the Theological Seminary to the Sunday school. God has not left Himself without a witness.

How far will even the most apathetic and liberal While no one will claim that missionaries have minded in Christian congregations be willing to been exempt from the common human infirmities, go when faced by the sweeping readjustments de- we are inclined to believe that generally they have manded by this new program? Considerations proved themselves to be the finest fruit of all man- such as these lead inevitably to the factors which kind. They have been the truest, purest, bravest, have consciously or unconsciously assumed a dom- and most sacrificial of the human race. We can- inant place in the appraisal of the missionary un- not estimate either our Christian heritage or our dertaking. When the authority of Scripture is temporal blessings apart from the vast contribu- no longer recognized and the directing influence tion they have made. It reveals ignorance and . of the Holy Spirit is no longer supreme, what then confusion of judgment to suggest that any com- will be the guiding motive? From the tenor of the parable influence for good exists, or has ever Report we can draw no other conclusion than that existed, among the non-Christian peoples.

the so-called principles of "efficiency" have been The missionary activity of the early Christian the accepted guide. It bears the marks of the pro- Church wrought a marvelous transformation in fessional investigator, the engineer, and the ex- the Roman world, and far beyond. It may, in- pert; it savors of Dun and Bradstreet rather than deed, be questioned if the world has ever been so the Book of Acts. nearly evangelized as it was during those early While the average layman lives in daily contact centuries. That the labors of later heralds of the with the methods and measures of organized busi- faith, such as Bernard, Lull, Huss, Luther, and ness he, nevertheless, senses a new set of values Calvin, were of wide influence is equally beyond when the spiritual realm is concerned. Even the dispute. The impulse of the Reformation mission- most meager historical perspective assures him ary movement was not entirely spent even in the that the Church is not an industry, but a spiritual days of Wesley when a new era of spiritual ad- organism, and that her conspicuous failures have venture began. The early, as well as the medieval, been due to dependence on carnal weapons. missionary leaders were not only men of spiritual There is an older ideal of missionary service passion, but also of culture and ability. Many of which we may profitably recall. It directed at- their successors during the past one hundred tention to the unseen resources of Wisdom and years were even more conspicuously endowed.

Power. Its witnesses went forth with tears, bur- They have been explorers and pioneers, educa- dened for souls; they knew the travail of prayer; tors and physicians, social reformers and organ- they proclaimed the message of the Cross, and izers of industry. They have been loved by the reasoned of "temperance, righteousness and judg- people, trusted and consulted by civil authorities, ment." To all of these the appraisal is a stranger. and honored-in some instances knighted-by The Bible is fundamentally a missionary book. rulers of great nations. Would it appear facetious It speaks of prophets, apostles, evangelists, teach- to suggest that this Commission undertake to

"appraise" the contribution of Carey, Morrison, illustrations. First was the story of an elderly Judson, Livingstone, Moffatt, Paton, Taylor, Abel, physician who, with his wife, had given a life- and a host of others? time to missionary service in one of the islands of Other Lay Appraisals the Pacific and, returning to America in· failing health, was honorably retired by the board. After The interest of the large constituency of lay a period of rest among friends in their old New supporters in the missionary cause is far from England home, they were seized with the longing superficial. This interest is sustained by mission- to be back among the beloved people with whom ary reading, missionary addresses, and by per- they had so long labored. It was impossible for sonal contact with missionaries and missionary the board to send them back, so they converted leaders. Not a few laymen have visited one or their only asset-some life insurance amounting more of the mission fields. With such background to about $1,500-into cash, and proceeded to the of information lay criticism of this Report is by Pacific Coast in an old Ford. There they em- no means unintelligent. barked for their former field of labor, concluding Out of more than thirty years of such contacts, that though only a few years might remain, with the further advantage of an extensive cor- Heaven was as near to their island home as to respondence with missionaries in many parts of New England. They were warmly welcomed by the world, the writer may claim some qualifica- their old friends, and when they had confided their tion to speak on behalf of this more authoritative purpose, a well-to-do native placed at their disgroup of appraisers. As the result of this expe- posal, free of rent, a building suited for dispenrience he offers the unqualified opinion that our sary, school, and home. So our lay traveler found missionary representatives conspicuously honor this aged pair, far from civilization, radiantly the Christian Church. The impulse which sends happy in their ministry to the bodies and souls of them abroad, in the face of all of the sacrifices and a needy people whose deep affection and confihardships involved, is in itself an indication of dence was their all-satisfying reward. After other unusual strength of character and positiveness of narratives of somewhat similar import, this keen conviction. In intellectual qualifications they lay observer summed up his impression with the rank unusually high as witnessed by the standard convincing observation, "If results such as these of missionary literature. Moreover, the varied follow the efforts of men and women taken from experiences and discipline of missionary life tend the missionary 'scrap heap' you may well imagine to strengthen character, broaden intellect, and de- the influence of missionaries at their best."

velop unusual gifts of organization and leader- An equally striking tribute to missionary devo- ship. We have known well-trained medical men tion comes from that picturesque and widely serving in obscure stations who have not only known army officer, Brigadier General Smedley D.

kept abreast of the latest developments in medical Butler, who for several years was in command of science, but through largest use of their unique American Marines in China. The general says: opportunities, have reached a breadth of experi- "I learned some things about missionaries out ence which would be exceptional in America. there that made me like them. There was one Men of these qualifications would command in- chap in particular, and there were plenty like him comes of at least $15,000 to $20,000 in the home in China, who lived in an unprotected spot out- land, yet they labor to the limit of their strength side Shanghai. Perhaps it was ten miles from the on the foreign field for one tenth that sum. We city-ten miles of Chinese roads. I met him one have also known trained educators, gifted preach- day and suggested that he had better come in ers, and capable executives, holding posts of high where we could give him protection. I told him responsibility abroad on incomes so meager as that if the Chinese should burn down his building to represent a mere fraction of the return for they would be compelled to pay for it.

commensurate responsibility and ability at home. "That good old fellow said to me, 'I'm out here Missionary activity is almost the one avenue of spreading the Gospel of Christ, and I never heard service which has not succumbed in some measure of Christ needing a bodyguard. If I have to be to the lure of personal ambition and financial re- protected with bayonets in order to preach His ward. The missionary literally lays down his life Gospel, then I am going home.' " in sacrificial service. Doctrine and Sectarianism A friend of the writer, a layman of broad cul- tural background and a close student of world The recurring and generally slighting references conditions, recently returned from a twelve- to Christian doctrine throughout the Appraisal month world tour. His impression as to the cali- Report typify an attitude which is not uncommon ber of missionaries, gained through many con- in our day. We believe that such an attitude is tacts in his travels, is revealed in several typical both superficial and dangerous. When lawyers

and doctors, statesmen and scientists, all have lives of those who receive the Gospel. Thus, the their doctrines, why not the Christian Church? true missionary, while ministering to the physical Does not the merest formulation of any system of and intellectual needs of the people, properly retruth end in a doctrine? How much would re- gards this ministry as subsidiary to a spiritual main of the New Testament if shorn of its teach- end. He is first of all an ambassador, and his deings-its doctrinal aspects? Doctrine is of the pendence is in· those mighty spiritual resources very essence of Christianity and its great pre- which are promised to the representative of cepts can no more be made intelligible without it Christ.

than they can without language.* It is our conviction that here is the heart of this entire discussion. If we know anything of There are also strong pronouncements in the the spirit of that earnest discipleship which has Report against the intrusion of sectarianism, and supported the missionary cause through the years, while it is undoubtedly true that the missionary its sacrifice and passion has been sustained by a cause has been weakened by the undue prominence sense of partnership with God in His great purof such issues, these differences have been much pose. Many in this devoted number have lamented less marked in the foreign field than at home. In the tendency to unduly emphasize the educational no sphere has the spirit of Christian comity made and sociological aspects of missions and, as a resuch strides as in the foreign missionary enter- sult, not a few have been led to give support to prise. In large degree duplication, overlapping independent missionary organizations whose outand competitive effort, have been or are being look and methods they have felt to be more nearly eliminated. Beyond all this, denominationalism, in accord with New Testament teachings. To all historically speaking, has not been the invariable such conscientious stewards the program preobstacle to the progress of Christianity that it is sented in the Report appears amazing and revoluoften represented. The fact is that each of the tionary. There is evident such a complete degreat denominations arose to emphasize some neg- parture from Scriptural standards that there lected spiritual truth and to inspire a new de- could be no possibility of its receiving their supvotion to the cause of Christ. Without condoning port. No true follower of Christ can give assent extreme denominational differences, we neverthe- to the elimination of the supernatural, the abanless believe the facts go far to establish the thesis donment of the teaching of the Cross, the excision that reform movements, leading to the rise of sep- of the doctrine of the New Birth, the substitution arate religious bodies, have been a potent influ- of the authority of reason for the leadership of ence in maintaining the vitality of Christianity the Holy Spirit, and the placing of teaching conduring the past four hundred years. cerning the future life on a plane with Nirvana and kindred concepts. Some Lay Conclusions We are unable, therefore, to. seriously regard Much of confused thinking concerning the mis- this Report as an appraisal, it is a criticism; it is sionary enterprise is removed when the Gospel is not a diagnosis, but a prescription. It does not conceived as a proclamation of revealed truth. present a restatement of the Christian message, It is not a humanitarian or sociological program, but a new religion; not a new program for misbut a "witness" to all nations. This witness is sions, but the abandonment of its historic proattended with powerful social and humanitarian gram for a system which might meet with the results, but these proceed from the new spirit and favor and cooperation of non-Christian peoples. attitude wrought by the Spirit of Christ in the The title of the Report is thus a misnomer.

* 2 Tim. 4: 3.

THE STEWARDSHIP OF MONEY By PROF. ADDISON HOGUE, Washington, D. C. (in The Christian Observer) 1. How do we get money? 1 Corinthians 4: 7; thians 5: 14; 8: 9; Titus 2: 11-14; 1 Peter 2: 9. Deuteronomy 8: 18 ; James 1: 17. 9. How should it work? Isaiah 58: 7-9; James 2. To whom do we and all of our possessions be- 2: 15-17; 1 John 3: 17-18. long? 1 Corinthians 6: 19-20; 7: 23; Ephesians 2: 10. 10. Why? 1 John 4: 10-11. 11. How should we show this? John 14: 15. 3. What use are we to make of money? 1 Peter 12. What is His chief commandment? Matthew 4: 10. 22: 37, 38. 4. What is required of a steward? 1 Corinthians 13. What one is like it? Matthew 22: 39. 14. Where do we find the neighbor? Luke 10: 4: 2. 5. What special sin is liable to beset a steward? 27-37. 15. What results are promised for this life? 2 Luke 16: 1. 6. How is this sin to be avoided? John 6: 12. Corinthians 9: 6-10; Philippians 4: 19. 7. What should be our first object as God's stew- 16. For how long do we reap dividends on such in- ard? Matthew 6: 33. vestments? Matthew 6: 19; 19: 21; Luke 12: 33-34. 8. What should be our motive-power? 2. Corin-

from One of the

By JAMES M. SPEERS, New York Chairman of lames McCutcheon Co.; a Member of the Laymen's Committee I N RESPONSE to your request that I give you and the Presbyterian point of view are not mutu- something of my own impressions and reac- ally exclusive. "No one statement can exhaust tions, as well as those of other laymen which the aim of so great an enterprise which has for have come to me regarding the Laymen's Foreign its purpose the making known of that majestic Missions Inquiry, I take pleasure. in doing so. Figure to whom men's thoughts return as by a The Presbyterian statement of the motive and natural instinct of the neart." aim for foreign missions is as follows: While I was not troubled by its theology, I was The supreme and controlling aim of F.oreign Mis- tremendously impressed by its Christianity; its sions is to make the Lord Jesus Christ known to all spirit of toleration, understanding and friendlimen as their Divine Saviour and to persuade them to ness, its desire to share the best of what we have: become His disciples; to gather these disciples into -"One shares one's religion because that is the Christian churches which shall be self-propagating, best one has to share,"–coupled with a deep huself-supporting, self-governing; to cooperate, so long mility in the presence of the fact of how poorly as necessary, with these churches in the evangelizing we of the West have lived up to what we have, of their countrymen, and in bringing to bear on all and finally and most important of all its emphasis human life the spirit and principles of Christ. on Christianity as a way of life for all men. All As a Presbyterian, I should have liked to have of this is so greatly Christian that to me the queshad something more of our basis for promoting tion of theology becomes a matter of secondary Foreign Missions included in the Report but the consideration. Report was not written for Presbyterians alone. Another aspect of these chapters which has While I do not in any degree surrender the basis of our Presbyterian statement of the motive and made a strong impression on me is that the mesaims of Foreign Missions, I take the first four sage for the Orient begins with the great simple chapters of the Report just for what the commis- truths about God which Jesus brought to the world. All of these peoples to whom we go are sioners say they 'were meant to be, viz., an attempt seekers after God. What we bring to them is new to put into everyday modern speech, free from knowledge of this same God which Jesus Christ the language of theological dogma, much of the brought to us. essence of what Christianity really means in our With regard to the subject of cooperation with lives. I have found these chapters exceedingly stimulating, expressed in language which I be- other religions, and more or less putting ourlieve would be more readily understood and per- selves on the same footing with them, this it seems to me may be done without losing sight for haps be more acceptable to our young people than our own phraseology. a moment of our firm belief in the fact that Chris- tianity is unique and superior to any and' all other The meaning of the Presbyterian statement and religions, but we are not called upon to flaunt such the meaning of the Laymen's Inquiry statement a statement in the face of other religions. As a seems to me to run parallel a good part of the matter of fact these other religions are likely to way. The two together sum up the charter which exist along with Christianity for a considerable Jesus chose for His own mission and stated to the period of time, and that is the practical fact with people of Nazareth on His first return home after which the Laymen's Report is dealing. While we the opening of His ministry, viz., "The spirit of may feel, from our point of view, that Christianthe Lord is upon me because He hath anointed me ity is unique and supreme, such a proposition can to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me not be proved by dogmatic statement. It can only to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance be proved by its fruits, through the lives and con- to the captives, and recovering of sight to the duct of those who profess it. blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised; to When Paul speaks of his Gospel being a stumproclaim the acceptable year of the Lord." blingblock to the Jews and foolishness to the As stated by the Commission, the views ex- Greeks, he is merely stating a fact. He does not pressed in the first four chapters of the Report at all lead us to believe that he thinks there is any [260 ] merit in making the Gospel offensive or unattrac- port, f:rom a lady who is a devoted friend of tive to people. There is indeed a great advantage missions and has herself spent much time in Asia, in presenting our Gospel in a way that will make was to the effect that the criticisms in the Report confirmed many impressions and experiences it acceptable to those we would win. One of the which she and others had received who had visfirst impressions one gets from reading the Re- ited the mission field.

port is the great consideration it shows for There is no difference of opinion amongst us thoughtful people of other religions whose sym- anywhere in regard to the supreme importance, pathy, interest and adherence we wish to win for for the sake of the cause we represent, of doing whatever we undertake, whether it be educational Christ. work, medical work, evangelistic work, etc., in a The key-note of the Jerusalem Conference was superlative manner. That means of course that our teachers, doctors, preachers, and others shall sha'ring, learning from, and helping each other, have had the fullest and best kind of preparation and that the entire personnel shall be not only and that sharing was not to be confined only to men and women of devoted Christian life and Christians. There is no possibility of our Christ character, having the missionary spirit, but that ever suffering by being brought into contact or in personality, social equipment, and in every way temporarily being placed on the same level with they shall be as nearly equal to their task as pos- sible. representatives of other faiths. We have no manner of doubt as to what the results of such con- Some of the recommendations offered by the tacts will be, viz., an ever-growing appreciation Commission are indeed idealistic but the ideals of Him and drawing toward Him. set up are worth aiming at, remembering that in the last few decades many things have been ac- Is it not one of the signs of the supremacy and complished which at one time seemed as imposuniqueness of the Christian religion, as suggested sible of accomplishment as some of these seem now. We ought to keep these ideals in view and by the Laymen's Report, that it is not afraid it work toward them. Jesus was forever holding will lose anything of its best by sharing with other up a standard before His followers which the faiths in a common quest for God? No other average run of men regarded as quite impossible. The Master Himself admitted that such standards faith would do that. Jesus displayed that suprem- were impossible of achievement by men alone but acy in His talk with the Samaritan woman at the that "with God all things were possible." The well when He said to her in effect, "The real ap- missionary task will never be accomplished adeproach to God is something infinitely bigger than quately until we can do it cooperatively and unit- edly. your Samaritan fathers had supposed or than my Jewish forbears have stated. The hour cometh I believe that the Laymen's Commission had a when they that worship the Father must worship far better opportunity to estimate the value of missions from some important points of view than Him in spirit and in truth." This to His mind the average Board secretary has had on his periwas an infinitely higher standard than either odic visits to the field. The Commission was able Jewish or Samaritan religionists had stated. to look at the work in an entirely detached and unprejudiced way. Besides, the Commissioners' Anyone who reads the Report sympathetically contacts with nationals and foreigners, with mis- sionaries and business men, both Christian and cannot fail to see the vital importance attached to non-Christian, and with government officials and Evangelism by the Commission, "Nothing can others, were far wider than those of the visiting secretary. The visiting secretary is burdened with displace or minimize the importance of a true and problems of immediate policy and detailed adminwell-qualified evangelism." The Report nowhere istration; his visit is almost wholly limited to the suggests that Evangelism should be given up or work of his own Board, and he is so often called upon for decisions and advice that he has little even restricted but that in its narrower meaning time for outside contacts and too frequently tends of the spoken word it should not be considered the to forget that part of his job on the field is to only thing of importance in our missionary work. learn. The Commissioners had no other purpose than to learn from every available source and Let it take its place along with other activities, all angle. From this point of view I think the Reof which are evangelism and have the same end port has great value. in view, viz., the bringing in of the Kingdom of God. Have we not at times limited or circumscribed what Jesus called His Gospel and which He asked us to proclaim, limiting it in our thought to the preaching of certain truths, overlooking the fact that there are more ways of proclaiming the Gospel than by word of mouth?

On a visit some ten years ago to the same mis- sion fields as those visited by the Laymen's Commission I discovered, without looking for them, many of the weaknesses presented by the Lay- men's Report, and I reported on these when I re- turned. The very first reaction I got to the Re-I-

I am very much troubled and surprised by the great value of its work would be to put emphasis continued resentment and hurt feelings of some on defects and weaknesses, on the things that Board secretaries concerning the Report. I was needed to be remedied, and upon new projects that deeply sympathetic toward their first reactions. ought to be undertaken, and by so doing would It was quite natural that they should suffer from help the Boards to get them accomplished. This the criticism at first. No one likes to have the is the very thing which the two men just referred work to which he has conscientiously and faith- to were saying, and already we have evidence of fully devoted his life criticized, or have its defects this in the new lines of cooperation that are bepointed out. Some of us have recently had just ing planned. this same sort of experience in business. In times like these we call in capable people from the out- The great interest which has been aroused by side to review what we have been doing and the the Laymen's Report in the cause of Foreign manner in which we have been doing it. They Missions is quite wonderful and very gratifyare asked to speak their minds plainly with the ing. No one is claiming perfection for this Reresult that they sometimes criticize sharply and port; it may contain errors but these ought not point out defects, some of which we had rec- to be allowed to detract from the great volume of ognized and others which we had overlooked. It constructive helpfulness to be found in it. What is not an agreeable experience but it is whole- I am afraid of now, speaking candidly since cansome. The Board secretaries are having some- dor seems to be the order of the day, is that while thing of the same experience. Noone dreams of we missionary leaders are picking flaws in the questioning their faithfulness or diligence, or Report, defending ourselves and seeking to make blaming them. Whatever indictment there may sure that our theological position is clearly underbe in the Report is not so much of the Boards as stood, we may fail to take advantage of the great of the churches which the Boards represent. This opportunity presented to us to promote the misis why the Report was made publicly to the sionary enterprise. churches, rather than privately to the Boards. Missions are the business of the whole Church Regarding the Report as a whole, one of the and as such the criticism of them should go to the chief points of difference between it and those whole Church and not to the Boards alone. One who criticize its point of view seems to me to be would think that the promoters of missions would that the Report stresses the importance of Life welcome joyfully such a sign of deep interest in and the critics emphasize importance of doctrine. the cause of missions on the part of laymen as Noone believes that you can have Life without this whole undertaking indicates. its being founded on belief, and no one believes that doctrine without Life has great value. The One of our young missionaries wrote me re- Apostle James expresses this very clearly. "Faith cently ill commenting on the Laymen's Report, without works is dead. Show me thy faith withthat we were already working toward the accom- out thy works and I will show thee my faith by my works." It was because the Commission saw so plishment of most.of the things recommended by much of the presentation of doctrine that had the Report and that in the course of time we prob- "gone dead" that they were led to emphasize the ably would have worked them out, but he thought importance of Life. Can we not each recognize that the emphasis and impetus given by the Re- the value of what the other is stressing and unite port in its recommendations would set tne mis- our efforts rather than enter into controversy? sionary cause forward twenty years. A much interested friend of missions with whom I talked a I am proud of being a part of as fine art enterfew days ago, quite independently of the former, prise as I consider this Laymen's Foreign Mismade almost exactly the same comment. He sions Jnquiry to be, an enterprise which I believe thought the Report would set forward the cause to be so potential for good in the promotion of of missions by twenty-five years. foreign missions. The Commission appointed by the Laymen was a company of deeply interested Repeatedly in the reviews and critiques of the men and women, sympathetic toward the cause of Report, which have appeared, it is said that the Foreign Missions and very desirous of helping in Boards themselves had for years been working its promotion. The sponsors believe their report toward the accomplishment of most of the recom- to be thorough, impartial, honest and sympathetic, mendations of the Report. That is quite true. and I have the feeling that if we are going to com- Long before the Commission took up its work mand the interest of the best of the younger gensome of us pointed out that it would not discover eration for the cause of Foreign Missions in the very much on the field worthy of change that was future, it will have to be done through some such not already known to the Boards, but that one program as that which is outlined in this Report.

Layman's Reaction*

By FRANK A. HORNE, New York Vice·President of the Board of Foreign Missions, Methodist }at– Episcopal Church,. President of Merchants Refrigerat· ing Co.,. a Member of tbe Laymen's Committee T o ME the Report of the Laymen's Commis- ment is a message of laymen to laymen, couched sion has been most stimulating and produc- in non-ecclesiastical phraseology and is therefore tive, and has deepened my interest in mis- welcomed by the laity as a fresh expression of sions and the possibilities for the future. The truth, understandable and therefore helpful. Af- larger number of laymen with whom I have come ter all, it is the specific and practical recommenda- in contact, as well as an influential group of the tions that laymen appreciate. They are not younger ministers of my communion, are likewise greatly concerned with the theological statements, very enthusiastic concerning the report and its and the current discussion of this phase of the effect on the Church. Inquiry seems to be really non-essential. Its pic- There are two chapters, however, which I feel ture of the universality of truth, and its emphasis might have been revised to convey a fuller con- upon the emergence of a spiritual world culture, tent of the thinking of the Church in the light of is compelling, as against the idea of older, more the future well-being of missions. The chapter on destructive measures of attack on other faiths.

the Church, while conveying a necessary implica- The substitution of cooperation and sharing for tion, seems to rather belittle the necessity and the idea of warfare and extinction, is in keeping effectiveness of the church organization in deal- with the present mode of thought in personal, in- ing with nationals in their aspiration to achieve dustrial and international relationships.

the Christian ideals and purposes. The chapter Its insistence that missions shall maintain the on Industry I believe falls short of the pronounce- highest educational and scientific standards in ments of the Jerusalem Conference and does not their schools and hospitals, with the highest Chris- measure up to the statements made on the eco- tian spirit and atmosphere, is in accord with the nomic order and on industry by the leading de- practice of our higher educational institutions and nominations or by the Federal Council of best hospitals under church auspices at home. Its Churches of Christ in America. This is an evi- strictures on personnel are so qualified as not to dence of the fact that many most devout and be applicable to any specific person or group, but splendid laymen have not yet fully realized the set up a standard of spiritual efficiency and abil- full implications of the Christian message with ity of racial understanding that is essential in regard to the existing social order. this modern world. Laymen especially appreciate Among the specific matters in the Report which the emphasis on essential Christian unity, as appeals strongly to me is the fact of the unanimity against the creedal and sectarian divisions which of the findings with the diversity found in the are a scandal and reproach to our Protestantism.

personnel of the Commission. The note of great It is my judgment that, when the Report is simplicity goes back to the sense of reality in the fully understood and interpreted, it will be provoc- Gospels themselves. Harmony and beauty per- ative of a new day in missions, and again bring vades the substance, spirit and expression of the to this cause the enthusiastic allegiance of the Report. It should be remembered that this docu- younger folk who will soon succeed the passing • This statement is made from the standpoint of a layman. and generation of those now carrying the burdens of without reference to any connection with a missionary board or the committee of the Inquiry. the missionary enterprise.

i Every once in a while I hear someone growl against foreign missions because they think that the money and strength put into them are needed at home. I said that myself when I did not know better. God forgive me! I know better now. I became interested in a strong religious .I awakening in myoId city of Copenhagen, and set about investigating it. It was then that I I learned what others have learned before me, that for every dollar you give away to convert ~~h~e .heathen abroad, God gives you ten dollars' worth of purpose to deal with your heathen at horne.-Jacob Riis.—_.. – – – — [263 ]

r'l============='~

Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~==.~==~============~~~~~==~I~ SHALL WE LET DOWN? Parents and the Crisis Christian reserves. Would that The general impression in At this crucial hour in the this call might ring out to all na- many quarters is that the time world's history it seems urgent has come to let down on foreign tions! Attention, fathers! At- missionary endeavor. This po- that Christian women take time sition is taken in view of the to think and to think deeply of tention, mothers! Awake from financial stringency, the indif- the present need and their re- ference of the younger genera- sponsibility. Women in all ages the error and indifference which tion to time-honored missionary motivations, the rising tide of have been the moral barometer; have possessed you! Too long oriental nationalism that makes therefore we must do our best the western worker persona non- to keep standards high. Is it not have you been ignorant of what grata, and the fact that our foundation work is pretty well fitting that we pause to consider the Church really may and rounded up. Seers and prophets our responsibility in meeting the should mean for you and your in the missionary world are ear- need, since it so vitally concerns nestly trying to show us the fal- our boys and girls and the fu- children. Visit the children's ture of the world? lacy and the folly of such a de- missionary organizations and duction from present emergent We hear it said that the Chris- conditions. tian Church does not seem to look over the study and story meet the people's need; that it Frank Kingdom, minister of is much harder to be good than books which the Church boards Calvary Methodist church, East it used to be; that there are so Orange, N. J., writing in The many attractions diverting peo- provide to instruct and attract Christian Century says: Chris- ple's attention from the things tianity is facing a world-wide for which the Church stands. the children. Attend a mission call that is vastly more search- But listen! The Church has ing than anything indicated by never presented more attractive band meeting and hear your this (The Laymen's Foreign phases of work than it offers tQ- Mission) report. We shall fail day-the "institutional church" ; child repeat the missionary story the finely 0 r g ani zed and unless we save the Orient from equipped churches everywhere. and note the impressions which the gastly paganism of the ac- Look at the graded Sunday quisitive society. Missions have school wit h trained, gifted have been made. See how happy a strategic opportunity. They know the unintelligence and teachers. Note the teacher-train- little children can be dressing ethical bankruptcy of capitalism ing classes and the summer in the West. They can blaze a schools for Bible and missionary dolls at Christmas for some mis- trail that will not only lead to the instruction that will better equip saving of the Orient from such sion school or tying picture post . a debacle as we are now endur- workers for this Twentieth Cen- ing, but they can point the way tury Christian service. Why all cards with ribbons to send to to a genuine brotherhood of 1'Y!an this expenditure of time and which will serve as an insp~ra­ money? In order that your underprivileged children in the tion and pattern for the West it- children may be helped to realo self. The missionary has an un- ize the personal value of the South. Not until you have given Bible and understand the mean- attention to these things can you ing and purpose of the Christian really know what the Church religion. If there are more today offers the children. Chil- dren reflect the attitude of their parents; and if they are not in- terested in church and Sunday school it is often because parents have made the mistake of put- ting first things last and giving place to non-essentials. If the advantages which the Church provides are not used, the Church is not to blame. Moth- feirrs~t will you not put first things and joyously help to drill the children of the Church into a mighty force of workers for the bigger and better Church that is yet to be?* paralleled chance to be a pioneer things to lure us away, corre- "THY KINGDOM COME" of the Kingdom of God. Chris- spondingly there are more tianity must save the oriental things in the church to attract Envelopes bearing this inworld from the tragedy of that and to center our time, talent scription were mailed to all the pagan selfishness which today is and interest on than ever before. Episcopalian parishes and miswreaking such terrible havoc on The burden of our message is human lives in the name of cap- that we must get back to funda- • AQapte(l from a pamphlet on "Mission- ary 1lcthE'fS," issued by the WOlllen of the italism. mentals in order to protect our Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

[264 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

sions in the United States and ing done and report on it. Out to hear, let him hear," as the in some foreign fields, the en- of this grew the synthetic con- main items in this catalogue closed materials including: An struction of a missionary map, were set forth. outline picture map on Thy each child choosing a different Forget-me-nots. The gard- Kingdom Come, with an insert country on the outlined sketch ener reads the Parable of the sheet of black and white pic- on which to paste pictures and Sower, emphasizing the importures mostly reproduced from write missionary data. This tance of having the right soil, views taken on various mission proved very profitable. made ready through the work of fields; stories and a responsive Simple practical pro j e c t s the Holy Spirit. She summons service of worship for junior were: Looking up all the Scrip- the impersonator of the Forgetand senior departments of the ture passages bearing on the me-nots, who reads impressively Church school; stories and sug- coming of the Kingdom; writ- a series of injunctions to rememgestions for worship for the kin- ing original stories on "Giving ber the Lord, His commanddergarten and primary depart- Our Best" and similar subjects; ments, His Word, to keep one's ments; offering boxes. This arranging a Parade of Peace for soul diligently, be mindful of valuable project, as used in a Independence Day, each child the Great Commission, etc. variety of ways, is fertile with carrying a sign or banner, such H 0 s em a r y (for rememsuggestions for workers in other as, "Things we want our country brance): This impersonator indenominations who can use their to do." (Keep people happy by troduces the missionary birthown specific materials. making them well; Be peaceful day book of the denomination, The stories were read, dis- with all the world; Be friendly explaining how it keeps our cussed, criticized and evaluated with all nations, etc.) This in- workers in remembrance and by the children in the order of cluded costumed representatives opening to the page of the curtheir preferences. They gained of Indians, Chinese, Japanese, rent date to present the missionimpressiveness by being drama- Hindus, etc. Surely concrete aries whose natal days fall at tized entertainingly. Posters foundations for growth not only that time. were made incorporating or ap- in intelligence but in character Snow Flower: This blossom, plying the information. The may be laid in missionary instories were also linked up with coming in January, is used to struction like this. * typify a specific study magazine books on allied subjects which sent out in that month to bring had before been uninteresting. ATTUNED WITH THE letters from missionaries on all Profitable discussions were the SEASON the widely dispersed fields, outgrowth of the general theme, Ever since "The Lord God choice excerpts of a narrative such as: planted a garden eastward, in nature being presented. Eden," agriculture has been 1. What do you think "Thy basic among human interests Orchids – these rare flowers Kingdom Come" means? (A and gardening as a simile one of being native to India, Mexico, variety of answers reveal child- the most stimulating to popular South America, the Philippines, ish thinking.) imagination. Missionary pro- Africa, China, Japan and Amer- ica: they are used as emblems 2. What things keep the grams built around the theme of rare spirits among mission Kingdom from comIng? (Chil- are assimilated with an appetite converts, such as Kagawa, and dren suggested kidnapping and that augurs well for their acti- concrete material taken from robbery, gossip, people injured vation. As a corrolary to the their life-stories is introduced. in their work, etc.) article on "Springtime Pro- Golden-rod – the flower of 3. What things help to bring the Kingdom? (Ministers, mis- grams" in this department in stored-Up sunshine: the missionaries, policemen, League of May, 1932, the following plan sionary magazine for the cur- Nations, etc.) contributed by Mrs. Annie Knott rent month is attractively re- 4. What things happen every Benjamin, from a program se- viewed as bringing the stored-up day that show the Kingdom is ries in the Garfield Park Bap- sunlight from many fields of ennot here? (Murders, wars, un- tist church, of Chicago,. will deavor. employment, people going hun- prove worth adapting: Sugar Cane and Pansies: gry, etc.) The Head Gardener announced Sugar cane because so much of 5. If the Kingdom were here, that a new seed catalogue had our sugar comes from the West what things in our affairs would just come through the mail (a Indies, and pansies for thoughts. be changed? (No more wars, catalogue of missionary litera- A review of the situation on misstrikes, people of all races would ture) containing rare seeds from sion fields in Cuba and Puerto be brotherly, would attend the ends of the earth, sent by Rico. church, etc.) men and women who hold their The Head Gardener says that 6. What can we do to show very lives as nothing compared the presentation is far from how the Kingdom is coming? with the thrill of venturing ill complete and is intended to be One child in a given group sug- strange places in quest of pre- only the dropping of seeds into gested that they might study cious souls. "He that hath ears fertile soil, to be nurtured and about different countries in brought to mat uri t y later. • Abridged from "Thy Kingdom Come" in which missionary work was be- The Spirit of Missions. Prayer and floral music rounded

out this program. The setting made from one large branch all Spirit of National Missions, of the meeting was a white abloom with real flowers tied on, enumerating various other proj- picket fence in which were or little pink tissue paper buds. ects of Board not mentioned by twined various artificial flowers. Each individual, group or class participants, reemphasizing aim, All speakers sat back of this may contribute something, the methods and needs of Board.

fence, the Head Gardener wear- gifts being later packed in boxes The talks made by the several ing a smock and carrying in her wrapped in pale shades of pink, impersonators stressed not only hand a covered program marked tied with gay flowered ribbons needs among their people but "Our Seed Catalogue," other or fastened with butterfly stick- points of local interest, such as participants we a r in g cheese ers. The rest of the afternoon missionaries whom that Presbycloth scarfs of the same color as may be devoted to singing, recit- terial supports, com m u nit y the flowers they represented and ing floral or out-door Bible workers in the districts, missioncarrying cards marked "Seeds" verses, presenting a little play. aries from Bellaire, etc.

and bearing a colored picture of AN INTERNATIONAL International Cafe,teria the flower. The background was PAGEANT a wall decorated with large From booths representing difposters made from florists' cata- Mrs. C. E. Timberlake, of ferent countries and presided logues. Invitations in tin y Bellaire, Ohio, sends the follow- over by their costumed nationals, white envelopes marked "To ing program on The Board of guests assemble their own lunch- You" were given out the Sunday National Missions of the Pres- eon on trays. In red Chinese before. They bore floral decora- byterian Church, but easily booth, rice and chop suey are tions and contained the lines: adaptable to the work of any de- served; in green Hindu booth, nomination. She expresses will- coffee and fruit salad; in yellow Lady, lady, would you know Japanese booth decorated with How to make your garden grow? The kind of seed that's best to use? ingness to send activating mate- cherry blossoms, tea and wafers; Come Wednesday-we will help you in American booth with national choose. rial to anyone desiring it. colors, bread, butter, slaw and Summer or late spring meet- Devotional Service: Theme, "He Is cold water. ings may often be held out of Able," closing with suitable hymn as solo.

doors, with automobiles mobi- Quartet behind screen, "America AN INDIAN POW-WOW lized to carry the members to the Beautiful." the country. Bible verses, songs, This was arranged by the Guild etc., about nature are appropri- Piano Interlude: "Santa Lucia." girls in the Galisburg, Ill., Baptist European immigrant in white church, to be presented at a meeting blouse and bodice, full skirt and head- ate, and the program material kerchief is introduced by the Spirit of the Women's Missionary Society. of National Missions after talk on may easily be selected from de- scope and aims of the general work. A totem pole seven feet high, scriptive matter concerning the composed only of grocer's carmission work carried out in the Piano Interlude: "Indian Melody." tons tinted with paint and decoopen. Agricultural missions, at- Introduction of Indian maid in suit- rated with Indian symbolic pictempts to teach scientific farm- able costume with wide necklace made tures and a bear with folded ing to backward orientals, a re- of wallpaper beads sewed on founda- paws at the top, was flanked by view of the book, "The Rural tion. a tepee and a camp fire. The Billion," the use of cut out and Solo by concealed singer, "Trees." tables were gay with tiny tepees, mounted pictures of tropical mis- Girl from lumber camp, in knickers, nut cup canoes and red prosion scenes, picnic suppers with sweater and beret. grams decorated with an Indian Mormon girl-ordinary dress. "thunder bird." The guild presa menu of international dishes- Quartet: "'Tis the Old Time Reli- ident was dubbed the pow-wow all these devices will help to hold gion." chief, Wenonah, child of N0interest naturally flagging in komis, welcoming the women; Mountain maid in print dress and Nokomis, president of the womthe heated seasons. sunbonnet. "What is the summer vacation Solo by Alaskan maid as she comes for?" asks a wise program on stage with baby on her back, "Go maker. This is the time of times to Sleep, Little Esquimau." Costume to pack that Christmas box for of old velvet and fur, with canvas Africa, Siam, China: time to do boots. en's society, making the resome reading and culling from Quartet: "Swing Low, Sweet Char- sponse; Minne-wawa, the songmagazines the items, articles ster, rendering Indian music; and pictures that will be useful iot." young chieftains (committee later: time to read books on the Negro girl, made up brown, in old striped silk dress and head bandana.

new study themes and fit in good No burlesque permitted. chairmen) presenting the aims supplementary material. Christ- Oriental girl, coming down through and accomplishments of their mas boxes may be filled at the church singing in Chinese without ac- committees; the bringer-of-thetime of the annual Blossom Fes- companiment, "Jesus Loves Me." news telling of the house party; Piano Interlude: Spanish melody, tival, Mothers' Party, Summer "Juanita." "Ramona" describing its out- Spanish-speaking maid, with usual door presentation which she had Birthday Party. For the last- seen in California; Nowitanamed, make the room a bower costume including mantilla on a wire s wee t musician – rendering of blossoms, with a central tree frame.

Piano Interlude: "We Three Kings of Orient Are." more music, and Shah-Shah Girl from Near East, with full providing a play-"Such Stuff as trousers, beads, white covering made Dreams Are Made Of"-by of sheet draped over head and veil Margaret Applegarth. over face.

'~'~I===============================I~

1 BULLETIN OF I i The Council of Women for Home Missions – – – '-______ ~,,–",ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~~.-~=~-~=~——.—~———I~'

RECONCILIATION THE FORGOTTEN sink when it is no longer a ques- CHILDREN tion of economics but of hu- I begin through the grass once again manity." to be bound to the Lord; "Even if the depression passes tomorrow, its wake will be dotted Miss Lowry, Secretary for I can see, through a face that has ,vith distressed, underfed, un- Migrant Work of the Council, faded, the face full of rest wanted and forgotten children- has recently sent to church· boys and girls that assuredly are women the following appeal: Of the earth, of the mother, my heart worth the saving. And they with her heart in accord, should be saved before they are The alarming increase of sweat forced into delinquency." shops in many states with the break- As I lie 'mid the cool green tresses down of industrial standards for that mantle her breast -GOVERNOR OF WASHINGTON, women and children is arousing a na- Janua?'y, 1933. tion-wide protest among social work- I begin with the grass once again to ers and the churches. Girls and he bound to the Lord. IN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY women are working long hours, in un- sanitary conditions, sometimes for By the hand of a child I am led to the Child Labor and Illiteracy wages of sixty-five cents a week. throne of the King Children are being cruelly exploited. In 1930, Miss Grace Abbott, What it is hoped will prove to be a For a touch that now fevers me not is Chief of the Federal Children's great movement to abolish these dis- forgotten and far, Bureau, estimated th'at "if the graceful conditions has been initiated school-leaving age were raised to by the United States Children's Bu- And His infinite sceptred hands that 15 years throughout the coun- reau, by industrial departments of sway us can bring try, about a quarter of a million many states and by joint conferences children would be taken out of of thirty voluntary organizations such Me in dreams from the laugh of a industry and returned to school, as the National Consumers League, child to the song of a star. and if it were raised to 16 years, the National Child Labor Committee the number would be three times and others. Representatives of the On the laugh of a child I am borne as great." Federal Council of Churches and of to the joy of the King. the Council of Women for Home Mis- Although school enrollment sions have already particpated in GEORGE WILLIAM RUSSELL ('A. E.') has increased during the,depres- these conferences. sion, more than 500,000 children PRAYERS of 14 and 15 years are not en- It is planned to set up in each state rolled in any school. "There is a a Labor Standards Committee which Forgive us, 0 Lord of Love, level to which civilization may will correlate and direct the efforts of alI our many sins. But above all, all forces in these states not only to cleanse us from our thoughts, [267 ] abolish the disgraceful sweat shops words, and acts that sin against but also definitely to press for adthe tender hearts and souls of vanced standards including: children. Free us from the coarse and evil ways that stunt 1. A forty-four hour week for or mislead their lives. Aid us to women. put out of the way all that may cause them to stumble. In the 2. A minimum wage for women name of Thy Holy Child Jesus. and for minors. Amen. 3. A sixteen-year age require- Eternal Father of all, into ment for children. whose kingdom only the childlike can enter, through the life Such measures if adopted will help and teaching of home and school to reduce unemployment and give and church reveal Thyself, we work to more adults. pray, unto our children; that they may early come to know YOU CAN HELP! Thee and to love Thee, and may they never lose that knowledge 1. Work for legislation to and love, but may grow each raise the age for entering emyear in fellowship with Thee un- ployment and leaving school to til they attain to the measure of 16 years. the stature of the fulness of Christ. A men. 2. Secure the endorsement of such legislation by churches, –From THE WAY, by WILLIAM clubs, and other civic groups with which you are connected. PIERSON MFjRRILL. 3. Organize meetings to dis-

cuss the child labor situation in It is our task, then, to help the OOMING SOHOOLS OF your state. Indian girl equip herself to meet the demands of modern living- MISSIONS 4. Write to the National Child vocationally, spiritually and so- Labor Committee, 419 Fourth cially. Nor may we underesti- It was an experienced man Avenue, New York City, and mate the task, for it is no easy who wrote: "Wisdom is the find out what is being done about one. Rather we must be always principal thing. Therefore, with this in your state, and who is alert to make her path progres- all thy getting, get understandleading the way. Also ask for sively less difficult, to place no ing." Another leader of men the free circular called "Where unnecessary hurdles for her and urged a follower: "Study to be Shall They Go?" to call all of our resources to her quiet." These educational pur- aid. poses and the response to the 5. Send to the U. S. Depart- call of the Master, "Follow thou ment of Labor, Women's Bureau, We must help her to appre- me," underlie the plans for the Washington, D. C., for the fol- ciate what new life may hold for conferences and schools of mislowing bulletins: No. 99, 102, her-what are its opportunities sions. The following is a list of 103, and others relating to the and its rewards in terms of these gatherings with places, subject. daily living. We must help her dates and names and addresses to fit herself, and the gifts she of the chairmen. 6. Send to American Child brings out of her own rich herit- Health Association, 450 Seventh age, into the communities of Bethesda, Oihio—-,Miss Mary I. Scott, Avenue, New York City, for which she is to be a part. This 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, suggestions to observe May Day is our mutual task. (See page W. Va. July 10 to 14. as Child Health Day. 17.) Boulder, Colo.-Mrs. J. Roy Smith, THE INDIAN GIRL 1045 So. University Ave., Denver. I NDIAN GIRLS ON MAY DAY June 22 to 30. Her Social Heritage, Her Needs and Her Opportunities. MAY DAY IN U. S. INDIAN Chautauqua, N. Y ., Home-Mrs. Orrin (Revised pamphlet, 1933, avail- SOHOOL R. Judd, 234 Washington Ave. , able at Office of Indian Affairs, Brooklyn, N . Y. August 13 to 18. Department of the Interior, "The boys chose the girl who Washington, D. C.) was to be May Queen. The girls Chautauqua, N. Y., Foreign-Mrs. F. chose the boy who was to crown I. Johnson, 156 Fifth Ave., New The Need of Religion. the May Queen. Our program York. August 20 to 26. ~onsisted of the crowning of the One of the real needs of the May Queen, a boys' drill, a girls' Dallas, Texas, Interdenominational Indian girl is her adjustment to drill, winding the May Pole, and School of Missions-Mrs. W. B. a new kind of religion. There is, a grand finale in which the sixty Bailey, 3403 Knight St., Dallas. in most adolescents, an awaken- boys and girls sang 'Welcome October 1 to 6. ing of religious fervor, and a Sweet Springtime' to the tune of deep need for the security of 'Melody in F.' " Houston, Texas – Mrs. Chas. B. some religious belief. How much Mohle, 2309 Robinhood Rd., H ousmore intense must be this emo- ton. October 16 to 20. tional need in the Indian girl whose whole tradition is rooted Kerrville, Texas-Mrs. George A. in religion. To the Indian, reli- Sprague, 319 East 12th St., Dallas. gion is not a special kind of About August 10 to 17. thinking, but an intrinsic part of every day living. (See pages 12- Lake Geneva, Wis.-Mrs. Henry Harmeling, 61 31 Archer Ave., Chi- 13.) cago, Ill. June 26 to July 3.

W h i t h er? Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn.- Mrs. J. S. Leavitt, 1693 Ashland What are we educating the Ave., St. Paul. First week in June. Indian girl for? Mt. Lake Park, Md.-Mrs. F. I. She stands at the threshold of Johnson, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. a new life from which there is July 30 t o August 5. no turning back. Struggling under economic pressure and the Mt. Hermon, Calif.-Mrs. W. S. Angstrong forces of a new social or- wen, 1836 Clemens Rd., Oakland, der, the tribal life is losing its Calif. July 7 to 14. hold. In large numbers the young people of the tribes are Northfield, Mass., Home and Foreign leaving the reservations, many -Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. of them never to return. Even J., and Mrs. J ohn Cratty, 923 So. where tribal life remains, white 28th St., Philadelphia, Pa., Joint civilization is pressing close. Chairmen. July 7 to 15. Whether Indians wish it or not they must become a part of the Los Angeles, Calif.-Mrs. T. M. life around them. Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Los An- geles. September 24 to 30.

Warren, Ohio-Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren. Sep- tember 12 and 19.

Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa. -Miss Martha C. Hartman, 420 So. 45th St., W est Philadelphi a, P a . June 30 to JUly 7.

Winona Lake, Ind.-Mrs. Newton F. Fink, 1114 Grant St., Evanston, III. June 21 to 28.

j ,~'~==~====="'"~~~=~~~~====~

~I.,i. Our World–wide Outlook ::J)~.. A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events JAPAN -CHOSEN from 25,000 to 35,000 during the ing "the promotion of national Three Achievements last decade. Congregationalists prosperity through religion," and Christians work with the and cooperating with the min,.

The Central Committee of the Kumiai, which increased from istry of education to this end. Kingdom of God Movement has 24,000 to 31,000 members in the authorized the preparation and last ten years. The Canadian, Christ or Communism? Australian, American and Engpublication of a full report of lish Episcopalians make com- Last year a prominent J apathis Movement, now ending its mon cause with the Seikokai, nese Christian remarked that third year. The Outlook of Mis- which increased from 26,000 to the future of Japan would be sions calls attention to three of a contest between communism its achievements. (1) The move- 37,000 in the same period, a and Christianity; that in these ment has been of great value to two movements alone is there the cause of interdenominational growth second only to that of sufficient driving power to cooperation. . Leaders of practi- the Methodists. The Northern check rising tides of reaction. and Southern Baptists work to- "National religions are morically all the Protestant churches gether, numbering 6,000 in 1921 bund; political liberalism is throughout Japan have met to- and 7,000 in 1930. According to dead; democracy is here no gether to plan and carry through recent statistics, there are ap- more; a deep disillusion has proximately 175,364 communia united effort to advance the cant members in the Protestant settled down on men. Commu- Kingdom of God. (2) The wide- churches in Japan, 80 per cent nism is gaining inc rea sin g spread development of training of whom are members of five strength and political leaders for rural Gospel workers has denominations, the Presbyterian live in fear of a radical upris- representation being the largest. ing." Nevertheless, Christianbeen one of the most notable There are about 2,052 organized ity makes steady gain. Fiftyachievements of the movement. churches, three fifths of which The work of evangelism and are in major cities, almost two two rural Gospel schools, shortcharacter training in Christian fifths in towns and about one time institutes for training schools has been stimulated. A tenth in the villages. young farmers in Christianity, beginning has been made in fac- agriculture and economics, were tory evangelism and city Gospel schools. (3) It has secured the conducted between June, 1931, services of great leaders. A Religion and Nationality and July, 1932. Dr. Kagawa rehost of pastors, teachers from Christian schools, and conse- The Commission appointed ports over 50,000 decisions durcrated laymen traveled many three years ago by Japan's Home ing the past four years. thousands of miles and brought inspiration to churches in re- Ministry to study and report on -The Presbyterian. mote places, as well as in the whether the so-called state Shinto is or is not a religion has Prohibition Progress larger centers. discontinued its research, due to It is encouraging that promi- inability to reach any consensus nent men of Japan are taking of judgment on this question. the lead in the progress of pro- Church Grouping This leaves the nation somewhat hibition. At the last meeting of Some interesting groupings in a quandry just at a time when the Imperial Diet no alcoholic of denominational activities have her superpatriots are seeking liquor was allowed in the buildbeen worked out in Japan. The reinforcement of popular senti- ing, and it is said that this rule missionaries of the Dutch Re- ment in support of nationalism will hold at future sessions. formed, G e r man Reformed, through compulsory shrine ob- Three government departments, Nor the r n Presbyterian and servances by all schools and the Home, Education and Com- Southern Presbyterian Churches other public institutions. The merce Departments, are uniting are all cooperating. Between home ministry has met the situa- with the Kyoka Dantai to pro- 1921 and 1930 this body in- tion by deciding to treat state mote a movement for the regencreased from 34,000 to 45,000 Shinto and worship at the eration of the country. Among members. The Northern and shrines "as a national affair the concrete proposals set for- Southern Methodist Churches above religion. A new organi~ ward is one dealing with prohibiand the United Church of Can- zation, with which many promi- tion, that each hamlet be urged ada cooperate with the Japan nent Christians and other reli- to give up sake and tobacco. A Methodist Church, which grew gionists are identified, is seek- judge of the Supreme Court [269 ]

spoke over the radio, urging ab- from the organization of the first East, and is sailing in unevanstinence from liquor. A large society it was possible to hold a gelized parts of the Philippines. motto, "Temperance Will Re- convention. Recently it touched at Cadaga store the Nation," properly where no Protestant missionary mounted, was presented to the There are now some 600 so- had ever been before. Captain first dry village, Kawaidani. cieties in the country, with 16,- Skolfield writes: The authorities of the Home and 000 members. These young peo- Educational Departments have ple are enthusiastic evangelists "Everywhere I go I receive a corsent letters to all governors and and they have started not a few schools calling on them to ob- churches by holding meetings dial reception. I can understand how serve September 1 as Sake-nashi and organizing Sunday schools. Day, in commemoration of the These churches are called Chris- the Filipino people must have been great earthquake which occurred tian Endeavor churches. on that date. before the priests came. I am amazed Korean Endeavorers are so A Live Korean Church poor that when they pledge at their industry. Their streets are money, they must cut out one Dr. Charles Allen Clark tells meal a day. They give time as wide and clean. Yesterday we bapof a year's progress in the Pres- well as money and volunteer for byterian Mission, the heart of one day a month to organized tized ten, and while I explained the which is thorough evangelistic evangelism. The methods are effort and instruction in the simple, and meet the need of the meaning of the ordinance several came Word of God. people. In some districts this work has been so successful that forward and asked to be baptized with The evangelistic work has had few lay evangelism is entirely in better years than this last. It began charge of the Christian En- the others. One night at our open-air with the great revival meetings in the deavor societies. new Pyengyang college gymnasium -Christian Endeavor World. preaching service over 200 came out which seats about 6,000. The building was crowded every night for two of the tremendous crowd gathered and weeks, and then for another week with students. One Korean pastor did the took my hand confessing their faith preaching. New converts, men and women separately, were organized in the Lord Jesus for salvation. This into classes under some Korean or missionary. My group of forty was meeting lasted over two hours and a one of the most interestinp" I have ever tried to teach. Many were clearly half. We simply could not drive the converted, and everyone brought near to God. 200 home,-they were so hungry to The revival spread to the country, hear the Gospel. . . . During this trip and practically everyone of our 414 churches in the villages had at least of fifteen days we have given medical a week's revival with wonderful results. The central Bible classes have treatment to more than one thoushown the effect and 1,000 men gathered for a week of Bible classes at sand. . . . " -So S. Times. Christmas, and 1,500 women studying for ten days in March, the largest ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Tourists Demand Tribal Dance class for women ever held in Korea. Winning Wild Men of Borneo C h r i s t ian missionaries in Christian Endeavor in Korea Papua are alarmed at the at- Rev. George E. Fisk is preach- tempt to desecrate the Sabbath It is ten years since Christian ing the Gospel to degraded at a time when their years of pa- :8ndeavor got its real start in tient, sacrificial service are be- Korea. Rev. Wallace J. Ander- tribes in Borneo. He writes: ginning to show fruit. The son was the moving spirit. Australian Press Association Apostolic days are being reenacted has received a cable from Korean customs had to be Thomas Cook & Sons, Ltd., to reckoned and respected. Boys in Borneo and many Dyaks are turn- the effect that intending passenand girls must not sit together. gers by the Carinthia were seri- No girl could be allowed to lead ing to the Lord. I have just returned ously disappointed at the rea meeting; but girls might ad- fusal of missionaries in Papua dress girls. from a journey to the interior. Over to allow an exhibition of native ceremonies on Sunday, April 16, It would not do to "throw the two hundred Dyaks who have accepted the day when the vessel was to meeting open" for discussion. be in the Papuan port, in the The plan of reciting Scripture the Lord Jesus Christ as their per- course of her projected world and offering sentence prayers tour. The company mentioned worked so well that the Endeav- sonal Saviour were baptized. even went to the length of decidorers went out and organized ing, it is said, to appeal to the other societies. In five months One of my meetings lasted until Australian Government to au- thorize the lieutenant-governor almost midnight, the Dyaks keeping of Papua, Sir Hubert Murray, to allow the tribal dances on the me in the house of the head man after day in question. The Australian Christian World suggests that it I had finished my message, to ask would be well for the agency to remember that if its shipload of questions about Jesus Christ with re- tourists had gone to Port Moresby on any day of the week lation to their daily life. They are a in pre-missionary times, they would most certainly have wit- very religious people and have always nessed the beginning of native "ceremonies," the completion of looked to the gods and spirits for which they would not have sur- daily guidance in everything. There- vived.-Christian Century.

fore they wanted to know, for in- stance, whether Christ would help them in their planting, or give them a good rice crop, or assist them in the jungle hunts for meat, or watch over them in times of sickness. This led to my giving them a message on prayer, to which they listened until midnight. -The Pioneer.

A Gospel Ship for Filipinos The Gospel steamer Fukuin Maru, which once plied the is- lands of the Inland Sea of Japan, has now become the possession of the Association of Baptists for the Evangelism of the Far

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

NORTH AMERICA report from 54 to 61 per cent of changes of program in the Pres- affiliations, while the educators Religious Programs at Chicago and social workers range from byterian Board of National Mis- sions, discontinuing work at a When Chicago's Century of 63 to 64 per cent. number of stations, and a reduc- Progress Exposition opens, that -Presbyterian Advance. tion in missionary and head- quarters personnel. With a metropolis with its unenviable reputation for underworld char- To Stimulate Bible Reading budget of $2,800,000, the Board will operate next year on $710,- acters, political graft and rack- The D. L. Moody Missionary 359 less than during the current eteering, will have the opportu- Book Funds of The Bible Insti- year, and $1,310,00 less than last tute Colportage Association of year. A comparison of this fignity to show the world that there Chicago supplies evangelical ure with the budget for the year are many worthy things in its Christian literature for free dis- 1924-25 shows a reduction of community life. It is the plan tribution among needy classes over 40 per cent. Reductions of Dr. Henry A. Ironside and his of people in this and other coun- during the past eight years have coworker of Moody Memorial tries. The Association corre- meant corresponding changes in church to conduct a continuous sponds with home missionaries every field and all phases of the series of meetings under their and public school teachers who work. To help meet the situaown and other auspices through- labor in mountain districts; and tion, salaries have been cut nineout the period of the fair. The upon request sends each one a teen per cent in two years. series will include two evangel- supply of attractive Christian istic campaigns, various conven- books for a circulating library, -The Presbyterian. tions of Christian organizations together with the Gospel of John with world-wide interest and Other Reduced Budgets Bible conferences. Many fa- and Pocket Treasuries (somemous speakers will be heard. times called "Little ~ible"). Practically all of the mission The Evangelical Theological Col- Every boy or girl who reads the boards have been obliged, in the lege will put on a program dur- face of reduced incomes, to cut ing the week of August 20-25. Gospel of John or the Pocket their budgets for the year from This program will be rich and Treasury, and memorizes a cer- twenty to forty per cent. The Presbyterian Board of Foreign varied, as there will be available tain number of Bible verses, re- Missions is reducing their total over twenty speakers and teach- ceives a neatly bound copy of appropriations by $600,000 and ers, many of them widely known the New Testament, oli passing the Board of National Missions among the evangelicals of the a satisfactory examination. Dur- by $500,000, on top of previous ing the present school term 11,- cuts. The Methodist Episcopal world. The plan includes a 380 boys and girls living in the Foreign Board, in addition to a morning institute throughout deficit of $1,000,000, is planning Southern mountains and the a further reduction of $500,000. the week' for ministers, to be Ozarks thus received copies of conducted by members of the the New Testament. faculty. – Watchman-Examiner. The Administrative Commit- Religious Who's Who Church Financing tee of the National Board of the Luther Fry of the Institute of Mr. A. C. Marts, prominent Congregational and Christian Social and Religious Research business man of New York City, Churches voted salary reductions has been studying the religious has pointed out that during the reaching thirty per cent for all past three years in the United attitudes of the "Who's Who in States "one out of every six officers receiving over $5,000 a America" family. Dr. Fry finds banks has been closed, one out year. The reductions supercede that 56 per cent of the persons of every 22 business and indus- two previous cuts of smaller perlisted in the 1930-1931 edition trial firms went into bankruptcy, centages. Other reductions were reported a church connection. one out of every 40 colleges have made on a sliding scale but no This, he says, is almost the same been closed, one out of every 45 salaries below $1,200 are to be as that for the entire population. hospitals closed, but only one in cut. Adjustments of salaries of Only 17 of those listed "took oc- every 2,344 churches has been 450 home missionary pastors casion to classify themselves in abandoned." He believes that black and white as infidels, athe- churches, colleges and hospitals were made on an individual ists, free-thinkers or agnostics." have been far more conservative basis, taking into account condi- Twenty-three per cent of actors, in their expansion plans than tions affecting local finanCial painters and sculptors, 35 per business. Philanthropic institu- support in each community. cent of army and navy officers, tions usually raise the money before they expand. In the tentative working 37 per cent of natural scientists, budget for 1933 the National 40 per cent of editors and au- Council of the Protestant Episcothors, 50 per cent of doctors and pal Church voted reductions to- taling over $420,000. This is 51 per cent of architects and en- Home Missions Cuts spread out over the work at gineers claim a church connec- home and abroad, and also in- tion. Politicians, diplomats, To bring the appropriations of cludes a cut of over $33,000 in judges and lawyers, agricultur- the coming year within the ap- the Church Missions House sal- ists, bankers and business men proved budget has necessitated ary item. This leaves the tenta-

tive budget for 1933 at $3,050,- appeals made to fewer than one Costa Rica, and there graduated 000 instead of the amount au- hundred individuals who are in- from a three-years' course of thorized by General Convention terested in L a tin American preparation for the ministry of which was $4,225,000. work. Church buildings are be- the Gospel among his own peo- ing repaired and restored. ple. On his return from Costa Mono Indian Speaks – Watchman-Examiner. Rica, he was installed as pastor At the Centenary celebration Whole Town Disappears of the Aiquile-Misque church, of the American Baptist Home and was charged, along with the Mission Society in San Francisco On November 9 more than two groups of believers, with the last year, a feature was the par- 1,800 people lost their lives in a evangelization of the two provticipation of a number of Indian storm that swept across the is- inces of Campero (of which converts. For the first time lands in the Carribean Sea. The Aiquile is capital) and Misque. Mono mission stations had rep- Baptist c h u r c h disappeared The group of believers is small, resentation at a national church along with other property. The and the support of the pastor gathering. The testimony of Cuban Baptist Mission Society and his wife represents for them Jim Waley was typical. had started work here some an heroic effort; but the baptism years ago. President Robert of several converts in Aiquile, of "Weare thankful to the people who Routledge of Cristo College others at a point 27 miles disare our friends. I don't speak much visited the scene of the disaster tant and at least one in Misque English but I will tell you what I two days later and says: has e nco u rag e d the church know. Seventeen years ago I came greatly. into the Christian Way. I still walk "I spent today in what until a it. I know Jesus has done a wonder- few days ago was Santa Cruz del -Evangelical Christian. ful thing for me. He has changed my life. Seventeen years ago I had Sur, a seaport town of 5,000 peo- Brazilian Home Missions nothing. I lived for the world and ple. The town has completely did not know about Sunday. Then I disappeared from the map. Part The Baptists of Brazil, assogot a spring wagon and horses to go of one house is all that remains. ciated with the Baptist Southern to church. Now I have a truck and make a good living hauling wood Scattered tiles and bricks are to Convention, U. S. A., organized week days and haul my friends to church on Sunday. When the men be seen, but no walls. Guards a National Baptist Convention ask me to drink wine I say, 'No, I have burned the remains of and a Home Mission Board in can't do it.' Before I heard the Gos- wooden houses that had been 1907. This was effected in the pel there were saloons everywhere, but swept two miles inland. Un- days when the Church was weak, the Indians can't get whiskey. They had to hire some one to get it for numbered bodies were burned in numerically and financially, but them and call it 'good stuff.' That the heaps of rubbish. Only 16 not spiritually. The Rev. L. M. always made trouble with my friends of our 36 church members and Bratcher, missionary Secretary and made me quarrel with my wife. five of the 11 candidates remain. of this Home Mission Board, I spent my time drinking, gambling, swearing, dancing. When I became a In the town many whole families writes that the first missionary Christian I cut all that off clean and of the Brazilian Church was sent never swore again. I am happy all were wiped out. When the to the far interior, to the terri- storm first started, relatives got the time in this Way." together and when the sea came tory of Acre. The journey re- -Missions. in they were all caught to- quired many weeks of travel- gether." Almost the entire the territory is as remote from LATIN AMERICA sugar cane crop was destroyed. Rio as China is from San Fran- -The World Today. cisco. Another work has been Victory Over Disaster opened in the States of Rio Training Bolivian Leaders Grande, Santa Catherina, Pa- The Baptists of Puerto Rico rana, Matto Grosso and Goyaz. are manifesting a spirit of vic- The Bolivian Indian Mission Since 1926 work has also been tory in their church life. The is passing through a transforma- opened among the Brazilian Infollowing is part of a letter re- tion in policy and methods. The dians and the immigrants. Mr. cently sent to the Baptist Home whole responsibility is no longer Bratcher reports that this work Mission Society: "With the $5,- to rest upon the missionary, but has not only brought the Gos- 000 loaned us six years ago a the native ministry is to be pel to many neglected Indians parsonage was erected. Each helped to undertake the hanyear, with the exception of 1928, dling of its own church life and and other Brazilians but has when the hurricane hit the Is- work. Despite fanatical opposi- meant a spiritual revival in the land, we have paid $1,000. In tion some eight years ago evan- Baptist churches whose vision September, 1932, when another gelical work was started in has been enlarged and whose hurricane hit us we felt that it Aiquile, and almost simultanewould be impossible for us to ously at Misque, about 18 miles consciousness of fellowship with God has been strengthened.

complete the payment this year. distant. Nation Building in Paraguay As we closed the year, however, Agustin Garcia, a young Bo- we found that we would be able livian with his two years of mil- What Robert College is to to canc(>l our complete debt." itary training, wishing to train Turkey, Colegio Internacional is Secretary Charles S. Detwiler for the Lord's work, went to the to Paraguay. On its faculty are reports a large response from Bible Institute of San Jose, the Director General of Educa-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion of the Republic, the Inspec- eral months a year among the London Missionary Society's tor General of Schools, the Di- Dutch Reformed and Boer fami- Three Year Plan rector of the National College, lies in Chubut. After careful consideration two former directors of the Na- and much prayer, the London tional College, as well as several Rev. M. Bruxvoort is being Missionary Society has organother of the best educators con- supported in Tres Arroyos by ized a "Three Year Plan," which nected with Paraguayan educa- the Christian Reformed Church is an attempt to balance the tion. The President of the Re- of North America, which has budget without undue hardship public and leading educators been assisting the struggling to its constituency. The words mingle freely with the faculty of flock. Mr. Bruxvoort is also la- "crisis," "deficiency" and "withthe Colegio in discussing educa- boring in two smaller settle- drawal" will be wiped out of the tional problems. At the national ments and it is hoped that in the L. M. S. vocabularly, and words Teachers' Institute held in the heart of Brazil, where some like "balance," "surplus" and ad- College, special emphasis was other Dutch people are settled, vance" will be substituted. The given to the moral and spiritual another congregation will be or- increase asked for this year is side of education. Thus, this in- ganized. The people go onward £8,000, with further increase in stitution is promoting the best with courage and are not only the two years following. It is values in Paraguayan life. An maintaining regular services, expected that by October a quota English visitor said recently that but have also an organization. for each church can be desighe regarded it as the best private Some of the younger people are nated, and it is planned by perschool in South America. And displaying a laudable interest in sonal letters, by enlisting the Min i s t e r Saralegui records, evangelizing the Argentines young people, sale of literature "The best proof of my high with whom they come in contact. and by special meetings to carry esteem for Colegio Internacional the plan through to success. is in the fact that I have my four -HENRY BEETS, Secretary children enrolled in it." of Missions, Christian -The Chronicle. Reformed Church.

-World Call. EUROPE Student Conference in Paris Dutch Colonists in Argentine Religion in England's Schools During the last week of J anu- The British, American, Wal- A recent periodical coming to ary a "Mission of Students" was the office of the World's Sunday held in the Latin quarter of densian, and Welsh colonists in School Association brings the Paris. Never before had stuthe Argentine Republic are not news that as a result of the re- dents in Paris turned out in cent manifesto from the Confer- larjre numbers for a consecutive the only Protestants who have ence on Unity at Lambeth be- period to hear addresses, and to settled in that South American tween the Church of England participate in discussions about Republic. From 1889 to 1891 and the Free Churches, large the Christian message to the some two or three thousand impetus has been given to the modern world. The results Dutch people, many of them be- extension of religious education astonisherl even the most optilonging to the Ref 0 r m e d in the nation's schools. It is ob- mistic. For seven days the halls churches of the Netherlands, served that of 316 local educa- where the meetings were held migrated to Argentine, drawn tion authorities in England and by glittering promises of mate- Wales, 186 have authorized or were well filled with student rial prosperity. They were adopted the use of agreed syl- groups, varying in number from sadly disappointed, due in part labi; 10 others have syllabi of to the revolution, and to a finan- their own; and 13 others have 350 to 650. It was clear that cial crisis in 1890. The Dutch the matter under consideration. sophisticated Paris students are people scattered but eventually A committee of strong religious eagerly seeking an answer to the a number congregated in Buenos leaders is urging upon clergy and laity to extend religious in- deepest questions of life, and Aires, Tres Arroyos and Rosa- that many more students are searching for a Christian mesrio. sage than is generally supposed. In 1900 a Reformed church -Christian Century. was organized in Buenos Aires and in 1908 a congregation was struction in the schools with all New Form of Cooperation established in Tres Arroyos, possible speed. These leaders and for a time services were also point out that in their conviction For a number of years the maintained in Rosario. Conse- the separation of education from German missionary leaders have crated men from the Nether- religion, as is the trend in many been urging the Berlin Society lands maintained schools for countries, is a grievous wrong and the Gossner Society to merge teaching the language of the both to the children and to the because of the financial strin- Fatherland, some teachers act- nation. They, therefore, urge gency and the unpleasantness ing as pastors. At present a their fellow workers to develop inevitably resulting when two flourishing work is carried on Christian teaching in the schools . societies cultivate the same con- by the Rev. A. C. Sonneveldt, as an indispensable basis for stituency. These two societies, pastor of the Buenos Aires con- personal character and national which have always earnestly gregation who also spends sev- stability. tried to preserve friendly rela-

tions, have now adopted a plan to see what was going on, be- be discovered, objections raised of independent work carried on and the police called in, the medcooperatively, which, it is hoped came interested and bought Gos- icine will insure one's acquital. may be imitated by other groups. It also condones lies made in de- The plan is to carryon the pub- pels in Susi and Arabic. They fense of one's conduct. licity work on a common basis where the constituency is the then went to Tiznit, a fortified Two members of this society same. All monies gathered in were found among the Christhis way are to be divided on an town, and here, too, sales were tians. One had a bottle of agreed percentage basis, with greasy liquid for which he had the exception of designated good, and all the Gospels refunds.-Allg. Miss. Nachr. paid the witch-doctor a goat. maining in J udreo-Arabic were The whole system is a menace to Attention for Spain;s Children the spread of the Gospel, to say quickly sold to the ubiquitous nothing of the misery wrought Republican Spain has been in native life. The government giving some attention to the na- Jews. -So S. Times. has discovered and punished tion's children and finds much some of the ringleaders, but few requiring correction. The death- Interest in Luebo are found brave enough to berate among infants is abnor- tray the secrets. Mr. Allen M. Craig, of Luebo, writes of the depression all over -Presbyterian Survey. the Southern Presbyterian field; many smaller business concerns having retired and those remain- ing having greatly curtailed their business. He says: "The result is that the natives, al- mally high-115 per thousand ways poor, have less than ever. The Basel Mission under one year old-while in In spite of this, native Chrisother countries it rarely exceeds tians have shown a most encour- The Mission Church of this 70. It has been unofficially esti- aging effort to maintain their society on the Gold Coast is, mated that child beggars in contributions. But the most en- next to the Wesleyans, the larg- Madrid alone exceed 1,000, couraging thing is the great in- est Protestant church of West while other large cities are terest in the spiritual side of Africa. It has 55,600 members, thought to be no better. The life, manifested in the large 41 native pastors, 600 catechists government is embarking on a number seeking membership in and teachers. This growth has five year plan to abolish illiter- the church with an earnestness been reached since 1917 when acy, reduce infant mortality and not previously shown. Two there were only 25,000 members. to save the youth of the nation months ago there were about 160 Three important points were asfrom vagrancy. Since the estab- accessions one Sunday at Luebo, certained by the recent visit of lishment of the republic the and two weeks ago 207 more; the inspector, Dr. Hartenstein. number of primary and second- Mr. Hobson reported eighty-five First, the need of the mission ary schools has been increased accessions on an itinerary trip. for the native church, both the by 7,000, and the plan is to add If the same proportion con- training of further efficient na- 5,000 or more annually until the tinues, this year will probably tive help for evangelization and new schools number more than exceed any previous twelve the spiritual deepening of the months in recent times." congregation. Second, in view 27,000. -Christian Observer. of the powers of the old reli- -Presbyterian Advance. gions, which have been over- Menacing Secret Society whelmed by the rapid evangeli- AFRICA When one considers that na- zation of this region, but which tive accomplishments in Africa are by no means dead, are show- Across North Africa in a Ford are still on a par with the times ing a determined opposition. of Job, it is understood why he Third, the relations between the Two colporteurs, representing Scottish Mission and the Basel the British Bible Society and the marvels at our most common- Mission bid fair to develop into Bible Society of Geneva, in an place possessions, and why the an increased friendly and closer old Ford traversed 1,228 miles activity. of the northwest coast of Africa, witch-doctors, always on the lookout for themselves, should and in nineteen days sold 2,047 take advantage of this great dis- Lovedale Bible School copies of Scripture in sixteen parity in the distribution of the different languages. At points world's goods, and create a new The buildings of Lovedale they met signs reading, "Passage secret society, with its inevitable Bible S c h 0 0 I were officially absolutely forbidden," yet kept potion to remedy this situation opened and dedicated on Novem- on, passing an occasional cara- by transferring some of the ber 3, in the presence of a large van. At Taroudant they re- white man's belongings to his gathering of both native and ported themselves to the officer less fortunate brothers. European people. On the eve- in charge who examined their First, according to the medi- ning of the same day there be- papers, but advised them not to cine man, it enables the pos- gan a two weeks' course for na- sell Scriptures to Moslems for sessor of the medicine to obtain tive ministers. The syllabus in- fear of arousing their fanati- anything belonging to a white cluded a series of addresses on cism. Thus a start was made at man without being guilty of the teaching of the prophets, and selling to Jews. Arabs, curious theft. Should the illicit transfer another on the teaching of Jesus.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The managing Board is repre- are close upon 400, and in the Mr. Gandhi believes. One of the sentative of four denominations; whole of Palestine nearly 1,000. signs of the decline of interest it is expected that others will be- At least three breweries had on the higher ethical ideals of come identified with the work, been established, and the amount Hinduism is the fact that at a and that there will be far-reach- of liquor imported into Pales- recent Sanatana Dharma confer- ing results in the formation, in tine, apart from that which was ence in Allahabad, in place of different centers, of groups of manufactured there, had been the thousands who formerly native ministers' for prayer and doubled. used to gather, only about one Bible study. A united Christian protest hundred came together. At the -South African Outlook. was enacted in London when same time these Sanatanists resolutions were adopted urging contribute a very large part of WESTERN ASIA the Colonial office to take meas- the duty derived from intoxi- ures to prevent this evil. cants. Pandit Malaviya is one Conditions in Turkey -Dnyanodaya. of those who declares that Hin- duism is decaying; it is the Ismail Mustak wrote in Mul- Changed Attitude in Persia more sordid and superstitious kiye recently: phases of this religion that are Bishop Linton tells of the new most in evidence in India today. If man were an angel the world attitude in Persia toward the would become a paradise; but be- Gospel in the past two years: "Unseeable" and "Untouchcause man is far from being an angel able" the world is not different from hell. There is, generally speaking, more The genius of society desiring to make openness of mind about things that It would be a hard heart that man an angel and the world a para- were formerly considered closed sub- would remain unmoved by the dise has made such an alliance with jects; greater actual freedom for noble campaign which so many greed that here we meet with people women, though there have been no of India's greatest sons are wagwho are possessed with the spirit of laws enacting such; and more eagerthe devil, and with events which have ness to read new books, especially the marks of hell. It is difficult to those that have been translated and ing against untouchability. In make out where we are going, or what are thought to make for progress. All Tinnevelly District there is a a great calamity we are confronting, this has undoubtedly had its effect on class of "unseeables" called the but it is possible to see the terror of the marked increase in the publica- Purada Vannans who are not althis calamity. With sorrow and shame tion and circulation of Christian lit- lowed to come out during daywe have to confess that in no age man erature, and an evident decrease in time because the sight of them has come so near the limit of terrible the old-time spirit of fanaticism. There is considered to be pollution. oppression and savagery. In no age is not yet full religious liberty, and When Mr. Amritlal V. Thakkar, of history has civilization become so probably in many places it would take secretary of the Servant of Unhorrible. Those men who would make but a spark to light up old fires. But, touchables Society in India, the world a paradise are busy with speaking generally, among the edu- wanted to see members of this the construction of batteries against cated classes Christianity is recog- class, they were sent for but each other, and with the preparation nized as one of the great religions, would not come. It was with of deadly weapons. Hatred and and there is a practical toleration of difficulty that some of them were cruelty disguised under hypocrisy Christianity so long as it makes no induced to come. Mr. Thakkar threaten the peace and prosperity of attack on Islam, which is still the mankind. The world which we con- official religion of the State. There is was told that untouchability was sidered as safe and sound with its a new mentality which welcomes en- in its worst form in Malabar but inhabitants like angels, is nothing lightenment, and is ready to give a but a world of fear, hatred, jealousy fair hearing to the Christian message and greed. Human life is governed if it is presented with charity, and by greed and guile. In all relation- offered as an experience which the the sight he saw in Tinnevelly ships, whether individual or social, Christian has himself proved, and was harrowing in its cruelty. the dominant power is hypcrisy. Even which he is desirous to share with the ideal democracy seeks its victory others. Half a mile from the town of through hypocrisy. Weare witness- Tinnevelly live a class of people These are great days in Persia: ing the crumbling down of the sound- great in opportunity; great in opposi- called "Purada Vannans" who est principles like a house of cards. tion; and glorious in triumph. are "unseeables." They are Society has lost its way in indiffer- Twenty-three years ago I came out washermen for the depressed ence and calamity, while its intention to Persia, and never in all these years classes. These people can not was to go to paradise, it fell into hell. have I felt that the opportunities were Palestine Liquor Traffic so great in downright evangelism. come out during daytime be- cause they should not be seen by -The Christian.

The Mandate under which INDIA AND BURMA others. They carryon their Great Britain held Palestine pro- The Decay of Hinduism work of washing at nights till vided for the prevention of the The Sanatana Dharma is sup- daybreak. Dogs and other anislave trade, traffic in arms and in drugs, but there was no simi- mals are treated much better. -Dnyanodaya.

lar provision dealing with the posed to represent the highest Salvation Army Criminal liquor traffic. Mohammedanism, moral ideals of Hinduism-the Colony it must be conceded, did teach ethical basis on which all that is temperance; and the shameful good in Hinduism rests. This is A Salvation Army colony in fact appears that whereas before distinguished from the Varna- India is composed of 2,000 he- the War there were 25 licensed shram Dharma or Hindu reli- reditary criminal tribesmen.

houses in Jerusalem, now there gion based on caste-in which These outcaste people sent the

following letter to General Hig- The Oldest Baptist Station they found schools of 80 to 100 gins of the Salvation Army: pupils. They divided the school Dinajpur has the distinction into two sections and taught Hunted, hounded, a price upon our of being the oldest station of the Bible stories, songs, played heads, Cains to society, fugitives and British Baptist Missionary So- games, and in the evening put vagabonds in the earth, we had ~o ciety in India. William Carey on a drama that they had taught settled homes and no normal relation- went there in 1794 before he set- the children, all in a few days. ships with the rest of the world. The tled at Serampore. Their testimonies and messages law of the land had restricted us and touched the peoples' hearts. registered our whole tribe as "crimi- In a population of a million nal." "You must reside within a and three quarters the Moham- In one village, where there is specified area; you must report your- medans are the largest commu- a large old church that seemed selves to some given authorities; you nity'. Hindus of many castes rather lifeless, they noticed that must conduct your lives according to come next, but great numbers very few young people were in the rules that govern society." . . . are non-caste Hindus and mem- We had only a scanty idea of what bers of aboriginal tribes. the choir. They found out that religion meant; you have given us there were little cliques and not only a religion, but a living faith. About 1,000 baptized Chris- everyone seemed at odds with You gave us the Bible which taught tians meet in organized congre- everybody else. They got two or us that we are responsible to a living gations in twenty-four different three of the young people to God for our actions. We despised centers. Eighty-six were bap- pack up their troubles and get education, but today we have among tized last year, about half from together. On the return trip one our men and women those who are non-Christian homes. of the students spent until after trained teachers and nurses, and -Missionary Herald (England). 1 a. m. three nights talking and many of our children are studying in praying with various of these higher schools. You have given us Presbyterian-Me1thodist Union homes and a chance to earn an honest birds with ruffled feathers and livelihood. Many of us have embraced During the past four years the results were beyond his wild- Christianity, and, thank God for the commissions representing Pres- est expectations, for in almost happy peace we enjoy under your byterian and Methodist Churches every case he found that there leadership in this world-wide Salva- in America have discussed the seemed to be a Power working tion Army. question of union. A compre- with him for peace.

-Alliance Weekly.

Bar to Rural Progress The most important deterrent hensive review of the questions Another student told of an old factor against the universal involved revealed no insuperable man who said to him: "I like adoption of the iron plough in obstacles to such union. The rec- you young fellows. You seem to ommendation was made jointly India is said to be the ruthless by the commissions that the two talk differently from other intimidation and social boycott Churches should cooperate in Christians. They used to preach employed by those who stand to the use of home mission funds, at me and repeat some rules and lose most if iron ploughs come in the organization and support laws and tell me I ought to leave into general use. These people of missionary work in other my own religion and take theirs. are the village carpenters and lands, in the establishment and But you tell us that something blacksmiths, who are unwilling has happened in your own life to relinquish this profitable maintenance of churches, col- that makes you different and leges, hospitals, orphanages and that you have joy. I see you do source of livelihood. According to the latest census the like, pending the consumma- really act as if you were differthere are 720,000 villages in In- tion of the union. -Indian Witness. ent and I like it." dia, with at least an equal num- The Gospel Team Bus "The ber of blacksmiths and carpen- Vacation Experiences Ambassador" was not idle. It ters, an army of nearly a million ran the 160 miles up the road to and a half working to block agri- To students in the Karen The- Prome with a team of Judson cultural progress. To solve the ological Seminary, in Burma, va- College students. They had a problem a five-year plan of re- cation means a chance to "try it great time in visiting the Chris- search into the design of ploughs out." During this month young tian homes, and in giving them a and other farming machinery on men and women go out, taking new vision. An advanced stu- a sound, simple yet scientific what they have learned and ex- dent in economics gave talks to basis, is advocated. This will perienced in their classes and the people in his subject. An- provide work for the large man- experiment with it in the vil- other on Sanitation, a third on ufacturer to produce millions of lages. the mixed political situation.

standardized iron and steel parts Some of the girls from the The driver had a box of pills on a mass production scale, and Women's Bible school joined which he dispensed for malaria at the same time give ample these groups and traveled out to and simple ailments.

work to village blacksmiths and the districts. As we had little There is a brass band at the carpenters to assemble and put money three groups walked a Seminary and the bandmaster these parts together. whole or part of the distance on took a few students and settled It is estimated that India's ru- these evangelistic hikes. Two down in a village church. After ral debt is between six and eight young men started for Toungoo, a week of Bible studies, teach- hundred million poun.ds. 17 miles away, stopping at towns ing songs, and drama he got the -Dnyanodaya. along the road. In two places church that was supposed to be

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

moribund to going out visiting Manchuria and Jehol by Japan ume, thirty-four per cent of Chinon-Christian villages around. have done more to consolidate nese workers, and sixty-six per When they began to really work forces in China and stimulate cent of the foreign missionary for their neighbors they saw that unity among the Chinese people force reside in the large centers. life was full of thrills. than any other thing." He was Christian evangelism and serv- greatly impressed by the rapid ice reach out from the cities into -H. F. MARSHALL. development going on in Chinese the surrounding towns and rural youth among whom he found communities. Missionaries and "Forgotten Man" in Burma civil war growing unpopular. Chinese workers have planted Communism and banditry are and nurtured country as well as Mission work in the Chin Hills being fought on many fronts. city churches. At least 10,000 began in 1899 when two Baptist Famine and flood are being at- out of the 15,000 organized conmissionaries settled at Haka. tacked with great intelligence,' gregations and evangelistic cen- After several educational experi- as evidenced by thousands of ters counted in 1922 could be ments, the Mission, in 1924, miles of dykes and irrigation classed as rural, and it would be gave up its schools and the resi- projects, and the people are be- safe to say that considerably dent missionary was made hon- ing brought closer together. over half of China's Protestant orary inspector of Government China is thoroughly awake to Christians are rural folk. Schools. There are now thirty one of its major problems,- vernacular primary schools and -Outlook of Missions. two secondary schools where transportation – and thousands English is taught. A large ma- Stanley Jones in China jority of teachers are Christians, of miles of hard surface highand although no Bible teaching is allowed in the schools, the in- ways are in the making. In Foochow, where five years fluence is Christian. The teachers preach continually outside of Infanticide's Toll ago a rabid mob was burning school. There is no expense to mission buildings and expelling the Mission in this educational The New York Times is au- missionaries, great crowds liswork. The entire New Testa- thority for the statement that in tened eagerly to Dr. Stanley ment has been translated into the streets of Shanghai and in J ones. Canton was once the seat one dialect, and parts of the the waters around the city there of the anti-Christian agitation. Bible into the other two. Hymn were found last year the bodies Doctor Jones had to repeat his books in five dialects have been of nearly 34,000 infants, most of addresses in order to reach the prepared. Two quarterly papers them the victims of infanticide. people who wanted to hear. In are published, and a third will One of China's ancient customs this hot-bed of radicalism, 1,000 follow in a year's time. still flourishes today in this, its signed cards, and came the next most modernized city. night for a special inquirers' Evangelistic work has always meeting. Nowhere did students held first place. The first Chin Shanghai is the leading indus- heckle the speaker; but they did convert was made after five trial center of the country, The want to know what he thought. years of work; he is still living factory system here rests in For themselves it was either and preaching the Gospel. About large measure on women and Communism or Christianity. 20 paid workers, men from the child workers, as it has done At a Nanking Round Table Condifferent tribes, are scattered everywhere in its early stages. ference a leading Chinese said to over the field. There are 15 or- The terrific pressure of overpop- Doctor Jones: ganized, self-governing churches. ulation brings it to pass that in The latest report showed 2,000 members, with 400 additions the Shanghai every year twice as I am not a Christian, but I would past year. say that Christianity is now on trial many infants are cast out to per- in China. Its hour has come. If it -Burma Baptist Bulletin. ish as there are deaths of all can do anything to save the country ages and all kinds in New York CHINA City, proportionate to the popu- now is the time for it to exert itself. If it can do anything to save the situa- Toward Greater Unity lation. tion we will all follow.

After an extended relief sur- Some Interes,ting Figures Three thousand cards were vey in ten provinces of China signed in Doctor Jones' meetand interviews with thousands of Chinese, Dr. David A. Brown, China is a rural country. ings, and 12,000 copies of his Chairman of the American Com- Eighty-eight per cent of China's books in Chinese were sold at mittee for Flood and Famine Re- population live in towns with a cost.-Christian Advocate. lief in China, returned to the population of 10,000 or less. At United States confident that a least seventy-five per cent live in Working in Manchuria new unity is emerging in China. The New York Times reports market towns, villages and ham- In spite of banditry and war- Dr. Brown as saying: The attack lets. Only six out of a hundred fare, Chinese pastors, evangelon Shanghai and the invasion of people reside in cities of over ists and their missionary col- 50,000 population, yet twenty- leagues are hopefully continuing four per cent of Protesta:nt their task in Manchuria. Rev. Christians live in these larger James McCammon, of Newch- cities. The proportion of Chris- wang, Manchuria, writes: tian workers is still higher. Ac- In contrast to this dark background cording to the 1922 Survey Vol- of the reign of the powers of darkness

the Lord's grace has been wonderfully meant $900,000-or nine times plete the year 1932-33 without a manifested in our midst. As far as the amount actually expended. further reduction in work approspiritual results are concerned, this Malaya-The work has also priations on the field. Twentyhas been the best year we have had since I came to Newchwang. The been conducted in a similar way, seven of the missionaries under number of baptisms for 1930 had been the Woman's Foreign Mission the highest for over ten years. The but on a smaller scale, in Ma- Society will not be in active servnext year's baptisms will number laya, Egypt, Palestine, Latin ice next year. Of these, nineabout 250. At the new outstation, America, Korea and elsewhere. teen are being kept in this counopened last year, 55 baptisms have tryon account of lack of funds taken place and last Lord's day here The Athetistic Movement in Newchwang 37 people were bap- In a conversation with repre- to send them back. Three are tized. A meeting was held before the unable to return on account of service at which new converts gave sentatives of eight different for- health conditions. Two have their testimony as to what the Lord eign countries, Jarosslawski, the reached the retiring age, and had done for them and how they had leader of the Russian Society of three others, who will soon reach been led to accept Christ. Many of this age, have been put on the the testimonies were very touching. the Godless, according to a pub- retired list because of lack of Among those baptized were a lame lication of the conversation funds to return them to their man and a blind man, the latter for- which is reported in Evangel- fields.-Watchman-Examiner. merly a fortune teller. He heard the isch Deutschland, declares that Gospel for the first time in February there are at present over 5,000,- and was truly converted. Since then 000 members of the Society of he has memorized the whole of Luke, the Godless, which are organ- Women Soul Winners ized in more than 60,000 units John Romans, Phillipians, Hebrews, or local circles. It is stated that Mrs. Uemera of Tokyo left a in 1926 the society was com- well-paid position as teacher to and iarge portions of other books {)f take four years' theological the Bible. -Dnyanodaya.

GENERAL prised of only 87,000 members; training in Edinburgh. Return- in 1929 it had increased its ing, she began with a "church in Encouragement in Asia membership to 465,000; in 1930 a house," which at the end of a the growth was up to 3,000,000. year had 30 members, including Among the signs of the effec- In concluding the conversation a professor of Greek, an electri- tiveness of Christian missions in in which the foreign representa- cal engineer, a zoologist, and one Asia that the Appraisers of the tives asked a number of ques- woman,-a Y. W. C. A. secre- Laymen's Committee apparently tions concerning the cultural tary. Sunday morning service polity of the godless movement, is preceded by a Sunday School overlooked, are the numbers of Jarosslawski expressed his be- with seventy children present, volunteer Christian helpers who lief that the time is not far dis- most of them from non-Chriseach year give themselves and tant in which this year will be tian homes. In the week are regarded as the fifteenth year prayer meeting, Bible class for their time to the work of. the of a new era and the reckoning Daily Vacation Bible Schools. of time will be computed from non-Christians and Christians, Some hints as to the past year's the beginning of the October and a class in the Greek Testawork of this association, of revolution, "the day of the great ment. There are also two weekwhich the Rev. Robert G. Boville dawning of a new humanity," ly classes for the instruction of is founder and director, are in 1917. those who wish to be baptized. given in the following facts: An unnamed Bohemian seam- India-A cable from Prof. B. Refund from Missionaries stress pastors a church in a C. Mukerji, of Serampore Bap- Czechoslovak city of 5,000 in- tist College, brought news of Missionaries of the Woman's habitants. She lives in one Baptist Foreign Mission Society room, earns her livelihood with 978 schools held with 1,256 have responded to the call for her needle, and leads five serv- voluntary refunds to help meet ices weekly. This h~s continued teachers and 10,510 children en- the crisis in the current budget for 26 years. of that Society. To January 1, rolled. Had these student-teach- 1933, the total amount pledged Nang Charoen is a seventy- by our single women foreign three-year-old woman colporteur ers been paid for their services in Siam of the National Bible at the rate of $10 for the period missionaries was $9,397, and Society of Scotland. She works of five to eight weeks it would $6,277 of this amount has been in an area infested with tigers have called for a total expendi- paid into the treasury. These and robbers. Recently she was ture of $20,000. The actual gifts will reduce the salary out thirteen days and sold all her amount expended by the association in India during the entire year was only $1,700.

China-Throughout the past schedule for the year, and to- books in eight villages in Sarabu. twelve years this volunteer serv- gether with refunds from the One day she came upon a band ice has been given by 60,000 stu- staff at headquarters and the of eighteen robbers with knives dents. Had this company of curtailment of every item not and guns. She spent six hours student-teachers received coolie actually required for holding the talking to them, shared their -wages of $15 a month for their line, will make it possible, no noonday meal, and sold them six .services the outlay would have doubt, for this Society to com- Gospels.-S. S. Times .

~ II~' ~~,================~~————–====—-~——–=—–=–===——

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I I ~~,~~==~========~~~~~~~~I~'

Dugald Christie of Manchuria. By in order to be scientific must be must not mean Ethueroppaeratniozfatwiiosn~ his Wife. Illus. 8 vo. 231 pp. 78. It is therefore 6d. James Clarke & Co., Ltd. Lon- divorced from evangelism. He don, 1932. was a doctor but first and last dom to develop all that is good This beautifully set up and and always he was a Christian beautifully printed book records doctor eager to heal both body in the traditional worship in the story of a glorious life. Dr. and soul and to deal not with dis- Dugald Christie was a pioneer ease only but with human be- each land, to take its gifts of art and medical missionary in Manchuria, brought up in Western and music for the enrichment of Scotland, first in the County of Glencoe, Invergarry and' Loch- ings in the fulness of their life. the life of the Church. This litaweside and then in Glasgow. He took his medical course in tle book is evidence of the proc- Edinburgh, deeply influenced by contact with Robert Moffatt. He The flavor of Scotch heather ess already taking place. In the was sent out by the United Pres- and Scotch piety lies on every byterian Church in Scotland as page of this beautiful story. No adaptation, however, of Hindu their pioneer medical missionary customs, music, and art, there is to Manchuria and from 1882 until his retirement to Scotland in one can read its clear unfolding, the danger of syncretism. When 1922, Dr. Christie was engaged in establishing and developing with a wealth of incident and the Hindu uses Christian words the medical work and hospital and a medical college in Mukden. illustration, and not be a braver to Hindu tunes, will they retain With untiring energy, with unwearied patience and tact, with and better person for the read- their old evil associations? In rare skill and genius and with the noblest Christian devotion, ing. R. E. S. how far can we adopt and adapt he built up one of the most remarkable and influential pieces H i n d u ceremonies connected of medical work in Asia. He carried his undertaking through Worship in Other Lands:. A Study with betrothal and marriage? the Chinese-Japanese War, the of Racial Characteristics in Chris- Boxer Uprising, and the Russo- tian Worship. By H. P. Thompson, The author is not blind to these Japanese War, through plague M.A. The Society for the Propaga- tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. dangers. He says: "If the and revolution, through the Westminster, S. W. 1, 1933. 168 World War and into the mael- pp. 2/6. Church, then, is to take over the strom of. recent years in Manchuria. He had to meet constant A very tho ugh t f u I and I.ndia;n tradition of the religious opposition and discouragement, thought-provoking book on a ~Ife, .It n:ust transform it by fill- subject that should be of deep in- mg It WIth a wholly new spirit. not least from sources from terest to all missionaries. "As which he should have had en- the races of the world are gath- And this has already been done couragement and support. But ered into the Church, we believe that they will bring with them by a few outstanding Christians, he never lost courage or confi- characteristic gifts to enrich the dence and he ever held fast to worship of the whole Church; of whom Sadhu Sundar Singh is his purposes. He believed in a the worship of no race can be the best known." type of education which would perfect without the worship of send its product straight into all; every instrument is needed Is the following practice alto- in the great orchestra. That Chinese life in town and country each race has its own gifts our gether wise? "It is a Chinese and he was a world's remove survey leaves no doubt." from the idea that medical work custom once a year to lay offer- The author is Assistant Secre- tary of the Society for the Prop- ings on the graves of t htreaddietaiod~' agation of the Gospel and his the Church meets t his viewpoint is therefore that of an Anglican. The book is almost by holding a service among the wholly limited to areas in which the S. P. G. works. There are graves on All Souls' Day or at three chapters on India, one on the Far East, and one on Africa. Easter time, at which special Our Lord, we are told, came to destroy nationalism in churchet;, prayers are offered. All the but not the racial characteristics of the nations. Christianity graves are carefully tidied and beautified beforehand. Some- times the graves thus visited are those of Christians martyred in the persecutions of the past."

In Africa it is proposed by one missionary to take over all that is good in the puberty-rites. The author clearly recognizes the dangers involved and points out a more excellent way. Alto- gether this is a most interesting book and worth many times its price. S. M. Z.

Any of the books noted in these columns wiJI be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[279 ]

The Indian as Peacemaker. By Mabel white will be found an account Ventures in Simpler Living. By Powers (Yehsennohweks). (With Daniel Johnson Fleming. 166 pp. an acknowledgment to Mr. J. N. of the largest and most repre- $1.00. International Missionary B. Hewitt, of Smithsonian Institute Council. New York. 1933. and others.) 223 pp. Illus. $2.00. sentative gathering of Indians Fleming H. Revell. New York. The author, at one time a mis- 1933. ever assembled for treaty mak- sionary in India, is now Profes- sor of Missions at Union Theo- We are told that in an age of ing; also stories of the origin of logical Seminary, New York. tribalism "when anyone outside This is, in our opinion, the best the tribe was common game," famous wampum belts and of his series of studies in Modthere was established on this ern Missions. It is a heart- Continent the first League of peace movements among war- searching book and deals with a Nations that contemplated the problem that faces every miscivil advantages of referendum ring Indian tribes. sionary and every Christian. and recall, women's suffrage and religious freedom. We learn While the author contends "Let Dr. Albert Schweitzer that those who founded the tell the story. 'We are Dives, League were Indians who in- that to follow a peace trail while out there in the colonies augurated a social and political sits wretched Lazarus, the colorganism that turned the tide of through the tangled growths of civilization in America, making ored folk, who suffers from illit an English speaking country. misunderstanding, war, aggres- ness and pain just as much as we All this may be news to many do, nay, much more, and has abcomparatively well – informed sion and intrigue has not been solutely no means of fighting Americans. The author of this them. And just as Dives sinned volume, beginning with the Six smooth trailing, she has con- against the poor man at his gate, Nations and the Iroquois, has brought together a body of in- structed from a wide diversity because for want of thought he formation that she hopes may never put himself in his place prompt other Indian students to of material a progressive' and seek "to widen and extend this and let his heart and conscience unknown, war-entangled, neg- well-sustained narrative both in- tell him what he ought to do, so lected Peace Trail which our do we sin against the poor man first Americans blazed across teresting and informative. It at our gate. Moved by these this Continent." thoughts I resolved, when al- should furnish material for the ready thirty years old, to study Why did New Jersey have medicine and to put my ideas to fewer conflicts between whites story hour about many camp the test our there.' " and the Indians of any other fires this summer and excellent Dr. Fleming discusses the ven- ture from every angle, with sym- material for peace programs and pathy and insight. He asks what motives and impulses lead to missionary study groups. It is the reasonable hope of the au- thor that "Indian Peace" will form a new subject in library files where "Indian wars" re- quire many cards for their cata- loging. COE HAYNE.

Ramdas-A Translation of Mahipati's Santavijaya. Justin E. Abbott. 409 pp. Rupees 2. Published by Mr. N. R. Godbole, 627 Sadashiv Peth, Poona, India. 1932.

The author, the late Dr. Justin E. Abbott, after forty years' service in India under the Amercolony? Why was William Penn ican Board, used the years of sacrificial life; tells of the planes never molested by Indians? his retirement after 1920 in pro- of living that spell poverty, suf- What furnished a greater pro- ducing a valuable series of ficiency or luxury; what shall tection against Indian attack books. These comprise the most be the standard when, on the than guns? Who is considered authoritative English transla- foreign field, we represent Him by most historians as the white tions of the Marathi poets. This man most influential with In- volume is the eighth in the who had no place to lay His dians? (It may surprise many series. head and through whose povto learn that the author's an- erty we all are enriched? A maswer is not "William Penn.") Ramdas is one of the five out- ture Board secretary is quoted standing poet-saints of the as saying: "We must take the Who was the "squaw man" who Marathi area. The volume here Cross into the realm of economnever lost caste? Who has the translated traces the life of ics if we are to be heard today right to be a peacemaker Ramdas from his boyhood to his as we try to interpret Christ to among Indians? Why were the death-his forest life, his fre- the masses whose economic bur- Delewares honored with the title quent miracles, his building dens are so heavy. . . . The time "Petticoat Indians?" An ex- temples and dedicating idols, has come for candid introspectended list of authorities are his travels, participation in fes- tion and for candid criticism. cited to substantiate answers to tivals, and his religious devotion . . . If we are to examine this these and malJY other questions. to Rama, an avatar of the God- economic question in its bearing The life histories of great Supreme. Anyone who desires on Christian missions." peace chieftains and customs, to know what ideals are pro- The last paragraph bids the legends, songs and stories cen- vided by Indian saints, both in reader abstain from judging tering about the red man as their approach to God and.in others. Nevertheless we have peacemaker, are also recorded their attitude to men, become in- here a sober challenge such as here. Among the author's de- debted through this volume to came to St. Francis when for scriptions of early peace move- the scholarly work of Dr. Ab- Christ's sake he made poverty ments between red men and bott. D. J. FLEMING. his bride. S. M. ZWEMER.

ITEMS Obituary

(Concluded from second cover) sionary societies and dedicate the new Rev. F. H. Eveleth, D.O., Baptist The Bible Battalion Y. M. C. A. building in Jerusalem. missionary to Burma, died November of America 30, at Albany, N. Y., in his 90th year. •*• Dr. Eveleth was president of Burma i. now organized to defend the Christian Faith and Theological Seminary from 1896 to extend its Testimony. The slogan is Back to the Dr. Paul Monroe is president of 1907, when he was called back to Bible·-Back to Christ···Back to the Church. Robert College and Istanbul Woman's Toungoo, his first field, for literary John Young, New York, PreSident; Harold AHem, Philadelphia, Secretary. The purpose of The Bible College, Consta..n. tin…opl…e. · . work. He had given 40 years of serv- Battalion of America is to meet the Dr. Robert H. H. Goheen, physician ice to the cause of Christ in Burma. ENEMIES OF THE BIBLE WITH THE BIBLE of the Presbyterian Board at Ven- … . gurIa, India, has received the Kaisar- and to bring back thousands whose faith has been i-Hind gold medal for "meritorious Mrs. John C. Berry, missionary of overthrown. If you want to join, send ten cents service to the Indian p… eople." the American Board in Japan from (stamps or coin). It will bring information and inter~ 1872 until 1896, died in Worcester, esting literature that will stir your heart. Address: … Mass., December 16. JOHN YOUNG, President The Guiness family name ranks *•• with the Scudders, the Schaufflers and Forest Hills, L. I., N. Y. the Wilberforces in missionary annals. Dr. H. Grattan Guiness was a pioneer Miss Harriet M. Lansing, Japan New Books mission teacher; one son, Dr. Harry missionary of the Reformed Church Guiness, was an international evan- for over thirty years died January 22, A Book of Instructions for Categelist; his daughters were Mrs. How- at Richmond Hill, Staten Island. chumens. Constance E. Padwick ard Taylor and Mrs. Karl Kumm; the and W. H. T. Gairdner. 168 pp. Rev. Asa Ke•nt •Jen*nings died sud- Billings & Sons. other son, Dr. Whitefield Guiness, was a medical missionary in Honan. Com- Adventuring with God. Esther E. ing to the third generation, Gordon denly in Washington, D. C., January Baird. 55 pp. Ohio Foreign Mis- 27. In 1922 Mr. Jennings was di- sion Society. Guiness is doing Christian service recting the "Y" work in Smyrna when among students of England and Can- C 0 k e s bur y Handwork Cut-outs. ada; Paul Guiness is a home mis- the Turks burned the city. He suc- Single 18 cents, group of four, 65 ceeded in averting a massacre, and cents. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. sionary in Texas and Miss Joy collecting a rescue fleet of fifty ves- Guiness is connected with a Bible Freedom in Jamaica. Ernest A. sels, which took off 300,000 refugees. Payne. 112 pp. 1s. 6d. Carey school in the suburbs of Paris. Press. London. He was decorated for his services by *•• the Athens government and the Turk- Flaming Arrows People. By An Aco- Rev. James Dexter Taylor of Dur- ish government was so impressed with ma Indian, James Pay t i a m o. ban, Natal, South Africa, in his spare Drawings by the Author. 158 pp. time supplies a newspaper with a his ability and fair-dealing that he $2.50. Duffield & Green. New York. was placed on the Child Welfare Comweekly two-column resume of impor- mission. The Furled Flag. Winifred Rawlings. tant world news, admitting no mur- ••• 96 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. ders, or scandals; to another African London. newspaper he supplies a resume of the Dr. Gilbert White, pioneer mission- ary died in Australia. He spent al- Forty Years for Labrador. Sir WilreligioUS and social-service news of most fifteen years in a small diocesan fred Grenfell. 372 pp. $4.00. the week in South Africa and a week- Houghton & Mifflin. ly sermon, all done anonymously. boat, the Francis Pitt, and with a na- tive crew toured among the islands Helps to the Study of Philippians. ••• and up the Mitchell and Roper Rivers, W. Wilson Cash. 90 pp. 18. C. M. where he went ashore on foot into S. London. Dr. and Mrs. William Bancroft HiIl some of the wildest and loneliest reof Poughkeepsie, N. Y., who have had Ann H. Hudson of Burma. E. R. Pita large share in supporting and de- gions to which the white settlement man. 96 pp. lB. Pickering & In- penetrated. He helped organize abo- glis. London. veloping the American University in riginal reserves and left behind every- Cairo, have been honored with a tab- Manchuria, Cradle of Conflict. Owen let, unveiled at the dedication of a new where an inspiring example of en- Lattimore. 311 pp. $3.00. Mac- durance and enthusiasm amid heat Millan. New York. wing in one of the buildings of the and danger. In 1915 he was ap- • • University. Our Heritage. The Church's respon- • pointed Bishop of Willochra and lat- sibility in the Home Field. Frank terly served on the Australian Board Whitington Creighton. 164 pp. Na- Rev. Asuncion Blanco, the new of Missions. Among his books were tional Council, Protestant Episco- President of the Presbyterian Semi- pal Church. New York. nary of Mexico, has held important "Round About the Torres Straits," "Thirty Years in Tropical Australia" Presbyterian Missions in the Light pastorates, served on a number of and two volumes of poems. of Recent Studies. 63 pp. 10 cents. educational boards, taught in the Board of Foreign Missions. New Evangelical Seminary of Mexico and ••• York. is a popular speaker at national Christian gatherings. Henry H. Hadley 2d, superintend- Round Life's Corners. B. J. Coombe ent of Calvary Rescue Mission, New Harris. 253 pp. 28. Pickering & Sunday School York, for the last seven years, died Inglis. London. of heart disease on April 9, at the age Supplies of fifty-eight. Sons of Sheba. Stuart Bergsma. 160 pp. $1.00 Eerdmann. G ran d S~ou,nD,. S~flloiifl'ltIm!el Mr. Hadley was a nephew of Colo- Rapids. nel Henry Hadley, who founded a ltile/"INIltOHoI!ersMf number of rescue missions through- out the country, and was the son of ·Iorll// /JenumioII1iIns Samuel H. Hadley, for many years the superintendent of the old Jerry McAuley Mission at 316 Water Street.

Henry Hadley 2d was "a roustabout and frequenter of Bowery resorts" until twenty-seven years ago, when he was converted by his father. Later he was field secretary of the Interna- tional Union of Gospel Missions and traveled for some time with E. C. (Ted) Mercer, a well-known evangel- ist.

Opposition Is

BEFORE CHRISTIAN TESTIMONY The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News—in Egypt Syria Irak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President co Dr. Robert E. Speer, Deldvan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honordry Vice-President Mrs. Willidm Borden Mrs. J. M. Montgomery WilbertB. Smith Mrs. Finley J. Shepdrd Dr. James Cdntine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treds. Rev. Robert W. Sedrle, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D. Rev. Thomds S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Rdven Rev. A. C. Snead John W. Wood, D.C. L.

Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Secretary Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City.

Apply for information to THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

Do Not Econotnize on Knowledge HNext to nobility of character, men have greatest reverence for those who have a knowledge of important facts."

TO KNOW THE FACTS ABOUT WORLD CONDITIONS READ AND PERSUADE OTHERS TO READ THB MISSIONARY ~~RID NOTE THESE COMING ARTICLES SOME PROBLEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES DEFEAT OR VICTORY IN INDIA George William Wright James R. Edwards ARGUMENTS OF SOME MOORISH MOSLEMS SOME MOVING PICTURES IN BURMA J. H. Haldane Raymond B. Buker SHALL WE APPRAISE HOME MISSIONS? CHRIST AND THE MODERN WORLD Jay S. Stowell Mission Study Series Ask for the REVIEW at Your Booksellers and at Summer Conferences Subscriptions, $2.50 a year. Single Copies, 25 cents each

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1912

THE MISSIONARIES SEE IN INDIA, BURMA AND

1. A native primary school in India. 9. A Burmese Christian and ·her discarded idol. 2. The "gold dust" twins in India. 10. Burmese girls in a Buddhist temple. 11. A Beluchistan hut and family. 3. Indian women in their cart. 12. A Y. M. C. A. preaching band on tOllr. 4. Carving on a pagoda in Rangoon, Burma. 13. A missionary ready for a tour. 5. Some lepers in India. 6. A Hindu temple and sacred tank. 14. Indian women grinding at the mill. 7. Mohammedans at prayer. Delhi festival. 15. A Moslem minaret in Delhi. 8. A somasi in India. 16. Naga women from Patkoi RiIls, Assam.

Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. XXXV. No.4. APRIL, 1912 VOL. XXV. No. "I. Old Series N,w S"ies Signs of the· Times THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN CHINA been tortured and one British mis- VENTS follow each sionary, Rev. F. Day, of the S. P. G., stationed at Yungching Hsien, was IDE other thick and fast in killed by the rioters. As a rule, how- the new Republic of ever, missionaries, schools, chapels China, so that one can and foreign property generally have scarcely realize that thus far been protected. There is cablegrams in the daily still danger of the unrest and dispress refer to this conservative empire. order that usually follow in the wake which a few months ago seemed still of great popular uprisings against esin the sleep of the middle ages. Fol- tablished authorities. The taste of lowing the general revolution and the power often unbalances judgment and proclamation of the Republic, with lets loose the reins of passion. the election of Dr. Sun Yat Sen as Provisional President, came the con- THE FUTURE LEADERS OF CHINA ferences with Yuan Shi Kai, the ab- HUMANLY speaking, the hopeful dication of the Emperor, with the sign of the times in China is pensioning of the Manchu dynasty. seen in the character of the leaders Then followed the acceptance of the who are working to reorganize the presidency by Yuan, thus uniting the nation. Under God, in their ideals divided Chinese patriots. The Man- and integrity rest the hopes for chu troops, seeing their service at an bringing order out of chaos and for end, mutinied and began to plunder the establishment in China of the and murder. They looted Peking greatest nation on the face of the and destroyed property worth $rs,- earth-a people, one-fourth of the 000,000, so that it has been neces- earth's population, with an ancient sary to call in foreign troops. civilization, conservative yet now Disorders have also been rife in aggressive, strong and stable, but now Tientsin, Tungchow, Paotingfu and active in adopting the best ideals that other cities. Some Christians have the world can furnish .

• The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. Some of these leaders have already elined to talk until he mentioned the been mentioned. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, annual sacrifice at the Temple of when provisional president, voted Heaven, and asked how that would against the indiscriminate killing of be carried on." Then his eyes shone Manchus, on the ground that while and he spoke slowly: "All sacrifices it was according to Chinese custom, will probably be stopt. The religion it was against Christian morality, and of the people will be Confucianism. said he: "I am a Christian." When But Jesus is better than Confucius, he asked how many Christians were and I am strongly in favor of more in the room (says Bishop Brent), missionaries coming to China to teach three-fourths of the men declared Christianity. We shall do all we can themselves to be followers of Christ. to assist missionaries, and the more Such are the men who have their we get to come to China the greater hands on the wheel of the Chinese will the Republican Government be ship of state. Dr. Sun is said to have pleased." remarked, "Our great hope for China is in the Bible and education." When Wang Chung Wei, the Attorneyhe was attacked in London by Chi- General of the Chinese Republic, is nese officials, he was on his way to said to be a Christian. He is a gradua service in St. Martin's Church. ate of the law department of Tientsin University. He took the degree of Yuan Shi Kai, while not a profest LL.B. at the University of California, Christian, has always been friendly to and doctor of civil laws from Yale the missionaries and their work. He in 1905. He lived and studied in is regarded as the ablest man in America and Germany for fifteen China. He organized the first mod- years. ern Chinese army, and was the only viceroy able to protect the foreigners Chen Ching Tao was graduated in his province at the time of the with the degree of Ph.D. from Yale Boxer rebellion. He was also the in 1905. He is an authority on pofirst to substitute modern text-books litical economy, and was at the head for Confucian classics in the schools, of a commission sent to Europe to and inaugurated the custom of send- investigate the currency system. He ing Chinese young men abroad to is liberal-minded, but not a Christian study. Yuan's own children were so far as is known. educated by Mrs. Evans, an English missionary, and four of his sons are Chinese students in America bepupils in the mission college at Tient- lieve that in the Republic Church and sin. One wing of the college Yuan State will be separated, and full built at his own expense. liberty of belief and worship will be granted to all. We have already mentioned the Christian character of the Provisional A CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS IN Vice-President and Military Com- CHINA mander, General Li. A correspondent of the China Press, Shanghai, writes REPRESENTATIVES of foreign of an interview with General Li, dur- mission boards in the United ing which "General Li seemed disin- States and Canada met in New York (February 29th), to discuss the situation in that land now in the throes of a new birth. It was inti-

OF THE TIMES

mated by missionaries that if the for the whole nation should be made home boards would take hands off, up of the leaders of all denominathe workers in the field would con- tions, foreign and native. In this solidate Protestant Christianity into central board on the field should be one united force in the new Oriental vested the final power to determine republic. One just returned from the scope and sphere of each denomi- Fuchau was emphatic in saying that nation's activity. the missionaries had repeatedly been obliged to forego plans for union be- THE OPPORTUNITY OF THE cause of missionary secretaries in CHURCH IN CHINA America. T HE sudden changes in China The recent conference, in which were represented thirty foreign mis- thrust mighty responsibilities essionary boards and societies, was as pecially upon American Christians. hearty in commending union for To-day no country is held in so high Christian work, but opinions were esteem in China as the United States, recognized as personal, not binding and especial attention is being paid to on the boards for whom they serve as Americans and American missionexecutives. The resolutions adopted aries. But the New China is eviwere turned over to the Committee of dently friendly to all Christians and Reference and Counsel to be trans- to Christianity itself. Idolatry seems mitted, with copies of the papers read, absolutely doomed, and in many to the boards maintaining the estab- places Christian officials have been lished Foreign Missions Conference appointed. In Canton the son of one of North America. of the old Presbyterian preachers, a graduate of Columbia Law School Dr. James L. Barton, secretary of is in hibh authority. Another Christhe American Board, analyzed the tian, a teacher in Fati School, is in Christian union which will be capable permanent position over the revenues of making a real impression on China. and has taken as his helper another One common name adopted for all native Christian. Protestant Chinese congregations, so that denominational differences should The missionaries generally expect be submerged out of the sight. Sepa- that with the disappearance of the rate denominational institutions of old system of persecution for those education should be merged-inclu- who abandoned ~ncestral worship ding even theological seminaries, and large numbers of inquirers will apshould be operated on a union basis. pear, and they are troubled how to Christian literature issued in the Chi- take care of them. nese language should be prepared and published by a joint board represent- China is wide open. Let the Church ing all the missions. Finally, arrange- enter and possess the land for Christ! ments ought to be made for executive control on the field which would IS A BETTER DAY DAWNING FOR govern all Protestant mission work INDIA? harmoniously. District councils for the various provinces and one board THE Durbar at Delhi, connected with the visit of King George V. of England as Emperor of India, was made the occasion for changing the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.

The festivities were luxurious and of Hinduism, the Vedas and the stretched over many days, costing an Upanishads, be made the foundation immense amount of money, but the in- of Indian laws. In those books noth- fluence on the spirit of the people ing is found pertaining to caste and seems to have been good. child-marriage, to the burning of wid- King George was accompanied by ows, and to many other evils that sap the strength of India and hinder the Queen Mary, and none can say what preaching and acceptance of the Gosit meant to the women of India, es- pel. The use of the Vedas as the pecially the Mohammedans, to see her foundation of Indian law may be of stand by the side of the Irmperor much advantage to the Christian misduring the coronation festivities. To sionaries in the great empire. the down-trodden and much-neglected women of India she must have been FEDERATION IN INDIA a living illustration of what Christianity does for man and woman. The A FURTHER step toward the acpublic appearance of the Empress of complishment of the Federation India should prove a help to the work of the Churches of India was taken at of Christian missionaries among the a conference held at Jubbulpore last women and girls of India. summer. At the same place two The changes announced in the ad- years ago a basis for such a federa- ministration of India may also have tion was adopted. The six resolutions some influence for good upon the have been widely accepted by churches progress of Christianity. If it should and missions, which exprest wilIing- prove true that a member of the royal ness to enter such a federation, and family will occupy the place of Vice- sent delegates to the second confer- roy of India in future, Delhi may have ence of last August. The churches a real royal court again, and the represented were the Presbyterian quieting of revolutionary influences Church in India, the South India may result so that the missionaries United Church, the M. E. Church, the will find the doors more widely open. Friends, the Indian Mission of the The most important change ordered Disciples of Christ, the American Ma- by the newly crowned Emperor seems rathi Mission, the English Baptists, to be that which refers to Indian law and the Wesleyans. The U. P.

and administration. Hitherto, Great Church of North America was unoffi- Britain has followed the policy to rec- cially represented, while the Victorian ognize and follow the laws which it Baptists, the Scandinavian Alliance found in existence. They sanction Mission, and the Kurku and Central the pernicious caste system and the India Hill Mission approved of the child marriage and .allow the burning Federation, but sent no representa- of widows (which was forbidden by tives.

a special law, but is said to be carried The following resolution was on in secret), and other inhuman in- adopted: stitutions which degrade the people "The Federation shall not interfere morally and socially. Now the Em- with the existing creed of any church peror has ordered that the old relig- or society entering into its fellowship, ious books of India, the very sources or with its internal order or external

relations. But in accepting the prin- Shah has added to the distress, and ciple that the Church of God is one, some thirty towns near Hamadan are and that believers are the body of reported sacked. The famine has be- Christ and severally members thereof, come so acute that cannibalism is the federating churches agree to rec- said to be resorted to in some dis- ognize each other's discipline, and to tricts to satisfy hunger.

welcome members of other federating Russia is largely responsible for churches to Christian fellowship and these conditions, and the hearts of communion, while leaving each church the missionaries grow sick as they free to adopt such forms regarding see Persia's unhappy state and dark orders, ministry, and admission to outlook. The only hope is in God.

membership as it believes to be in ac- He can change the evil turn in the cordance with the teaching of Scrip- tide, and doubtless will in His own ture and the mind of Christ." I!ood time.

A Another resolution was adopted in- THE MEN OF THE SOUTHLAND viting churches which can not see WONDERFULLY inspiring con- their way to enter the Federation, to vention was that of the Lay- unite with the federating churches in men's Missionary Movement of the conferences for mutual help in the Southern Presbyterian Church in work. A committee was appointed to Chattanooga on February 6th, 7th carryon negotiations looking toward and 8th. As a result of the first such conferences with the non-federa- convention in Birmingham three years ting churches. ago, there have been many new mis- TROUBLES IN PERSIA sionaries and a large increase in the offerings of the Church. The Chat- PERSIA'S unhappy condition comes tanooga convention brought together both from internal weakness and over I,5oo representative men, nearly from external irritation by Russia 300 of whom were pastors. Two theo- and Great Britain. Mr. Shuster com- logical seminaries sent their whole plains that the jealousy of these two body of students.

powers hampered him and put an end In the addresses the delegates heard to his successful work of reorganizing of what others are doing, and were the Persian national financiers and encouraged by words of commenda- refilling- the national treasury so that tion. The history of the missionary the Government could institute and work of the Church was eloquently carry out reforms and improvements. reviewed by Dr. James 1. Vance, and He affirms that Great Britain and the various mission fields of to-day Russia prepared to keep Persia weak were reviewed as to their conditions and in debt for their own purpDses. and their needs.

Now famine has added its quota of Much emphasis was laid on train- ills to poverty; misrule and bloodshed. ing the future leadership of the The Kurds are ravaging the border- Church, but that which will live long- land, and ruining the crops, so that est in the memory of those present Turkey is joining in the work of is the elimax on the last night. Ever rendering Persia helpless. The re- since the Eirmingham Convention, the bellion under the brother of the ex- Church, largely through the Laymen's

Movement, has been laboring to fur- naries and colleges. Then the aunish an object-lesson by completely dience demanded its turn; in a few equipping its Korean field, both with moments pledges were made to send missionaries and with institutions. at least ten to the field as soon as With the exception of two physicians they could go. It was a thrilling and three teachers, this force has been scene, impossible to describe, but one provided and its support insured. which will never be forgotten by those The last fourteen missionaries met at who witnessed it.-JAS. LEWIS HOWE. Chattanooga, and after a portrayal of conditions in Korea, the departing A MILLION DOLLARS FOR MISSIONS missionaries came to the platform and were introduced to the audience. It THE United Presbyterian Church was a scene of great enthusiasm, ranks among the smaller ecclesimingled with emotion, as the Union Seminary quartet softly sang "Speed astical bodies, but stands near the Away, Speed Away, on Your Er- front for missionary zeal. As evirand of Light." dence, we note the following propo- sition which has been published: After the Korean band had been seated on one side of the platform, The Million-dollar Campaign pro- Rev. Motte Martin, of the Kongo poses a simultaneous every-member Mission, told the story of its needs; canvass in every congregation during the force depleted, the natives from the month of March, 1912, for a 300 miles away, begging in vain for weekly pledge for missions to be Bible teachers, and the native Church paid during the year beginning April praying for So more missionaries to I, 1912. The following schedule rebe sent. At the close of this ap- veals the possibilities for the campeal, Mr. Campbell White, knowing paIgn: that there were those present who had already volunteered for the Kongo, Per Week 26,000 asked those who would respond to 50 members at $10.00 …………. $ 78,000 this call to come to the platform. 300 members at 5.00 ………… . 208,000 Twenty-five men and four young 2,000 members at 2.00 ………… . 260,000 women came and stood there, eager 5,000 members at 1.00 ………… . 130,000 to go forth and win Central Africa 156,000 for Christ. Among these were some 5,000 members at .50 ………… . 156,000 of the choicest men from the semi- 12,000 members at .25 ………… . 78,000 30,000 members at .10 ………… . 41,600 30,000 members at .OS ………… . 40,000 members at .02 . ……….. .

124,350 $1,133,600 Leaving from 12,000 to 14,000 members not included in the above schedule.

HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

BY .T. N. FARQUHAR, CALCUTTA, INDIA General Student Secretary, National Y. M. C. A., India ~. T HERE are two sides to pose so as to suit men at every most questions, but not stage of religious advancement. That there has been corruption during the often do we find such centuries is acknowledged, but these excrescences, it is alleged, can easily . a hopeless divergence be removed; and the faultless original , ~ of opinion as there exists at the present moment on the subject of the charac- faith will then remain.

ter and value of Hinduism. On the Since Hinduism is thus so great, its one side stand modern educated Hin- defenders declare that it is the best dus and the Theosophical Society, gathering center for all the religions who speak of Hinduism as one of of the world. Here all other faiths the greatest, probably the very great- can be harmonized and reconciled.

est, of all the religians. They say Certain considerable elements of this that it is spiritual through and most favorable judgment would be through; that it contains a most noble accepted by impartial European scholmoral system; and that in intellectual ars. The Hindu has many fine quo- subtlety and truth, and in spiritual tations at his finger ends from Miil- power, its philosophy stands supreme. ler, Deussen, Garbe, and others which They point to the myriads of monks he sets out to the best advantage to and hermits who have lived in India show that his estimate of the reas evidence that here more than in ligion is reasonable.

any other land the true spirit of as- On the other side there stand a ceticism has been manifested. They large number of Christian mISSIOnregard the forms of Hindu life as aries and a few scholarly writers almost perfect, since they hallow who, in varied terms and with vary- every element of the family, of so- ing emphasis, declare that, tho Hin- ciety, and of public life. They are duism contains a number of good bold enough even to deny that the things, it is yet one of the grossest worship of the common people in the of all religions. They characterize temples of the land is idolatrous, and the common religion of the people pronounce it lofty and spiritual. as idolatrous, ritualistic, superstitious, Images are only a means for helping often barbarous, and here and there the uneducated toward the real spiri- grossly filthy and immoraL They tual worship which they practise. The point out that the stories of the gods, whole system, whether the practise of and especially the histories of the the home, the worship of the priests incarnations of Vishnu, which hold or the ritual of the temple, is said to such a large place in the religion of be filled with rich meaning down to the people, are utterly unhistorical, the lowest details. The various as- sheer fabrications. The forms of pects of the faith, from the loftiest family and of social life in vogue philosophy down to the simplest among the Hindus are to these think- image worship, are explained as ers cruel in the extreme, inhuman, merely different expressions of the utterly condemnable, and the Brah- one inner spirit, varied of set pur- mans are the worst enemies of India.

While these writers recognize that view. Here we have one cause of the various forms of Hindu philoso- the difficulty of increasing missionary phy are exceedingly subtle and con- revenue. Now and then one sees an tain many striking suggestions, they article in which missionaries on furpoint out that, regarded as religion, lough are denounced as the greatest the philosophy is simply false, that liars on earth. It is thus time that it has rather hindered than helped an attempt were made to show clearly the progress of reform within Hin- where the truth lies. duism, and that it has been for many centuries one of the greatest bulwarks We begin with certain aspects of of the gross idolatry of the Hindu the religion which seem to favor the temple. Modern ascetics are con- Hindu claims. demned as dirty, ignorant, idle, often immoral, living on the charity of the The Beauties of Hinduism people and doing nothing for India. While the literature of Hinduism has (a) Hinduism as a system is based many high qualities, as literature, its on a belief in revelation. The Hindu general effect upon the mind of the lives under laws which he says were people is said to be exceedingly bad, directly revealed for the guidance of since it stands in the way of all re- his race. His religion is in no sense form, upholding the grossest abuses a rationalism. The people, like the of the family, society and the temple, Israelites, have always believed themand since large sections of it are selves to be holy, because born in a hideously immoral. holy race and purified by divinely appointed sacraments. Holiness and The chasm between these two purity, however formal the concepparties threatens to widen rather than tions may be, are regarded as the to narrow; for while there is a grow- very core of the religious life. ing movement among missionaries toward a sympathetic attitude toward . Every part of the Hindu system is the religions of India, the Hindu mediated by priests, who come of a party, on the other hand, have been race believed to have been created by steadily increasing their claims as to Heaven for the priestly office. Man the value of their religion. It is is acknowledged to be separated from clearly a matter of considerable mo- God and to need a God-appointed ment that the truth should become mediator. recognized; for, if the Hindus are wrong, the present flood of panegyric To the Hindu the family is a sais exceedingly unhealthy for the Hin- cred, a mystic community, to which du people; while, if the missionaries belong equally the dead, the living, are mistaken, their work will suffer and the unborn. The well-being of seriously from their wrong attitude all depends upon the reverent worto the religion they have to meet. ship of the dead, and the faithful We ought also to notice that the fulfilment of all duties, by the living feeling of the uninformed public of members. The father is head of the Europe and America tends to favor family, controlling its religion and its the Hindu rather than the missionary property, ruling his wife and all his male descendants and their families, and seeing to their welfare. The wife and the son, altho subject to the father, have each an honored place.

I9 I2 THE HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

The widow is the nun of the family. (c) The ideas that inspire Hindu Even the domestic cow is revered. asceticism are bold, far-reaching, not to say extravagant. No other land Society, no less than the family, is has gone so far as India in its condivine to the Hindu. The most promi- tempt for everything that appeals to nent characteristic of caste is its the senses. But the most amazing divinity: it is ordained of God in thing about it is its tremendous realevery detail. The purposes also ity, the fact that so many thousands which underlie the caste system are of men in all the centuries have flung of great importance and moral worth, themselves into the ascetic life and altho the means employed, to our have endured such self-denial and modern experience, are very far from such suffering as ordinary human nasatisfactory. The guarding of purity ture shrinks from. In modern times was probably the main aim in view in the movement has withered. There the formation of the system, purity is comparatively little seriousness in of food, of race, of custom and mo- it, and there is more show than sufrality. In the early days, when the fering. Yet even now it is with a caste system took form, no other sudden shock of surprize that one means was open to the people of the realizes how many thousands of men world than social exclusiveness. That and women live in nakedness, rags, was the method universally used in poverty, and dirt. The force of the the ancient world. In thinking of the belief behind it, that the ascetic is strength of caste feeling among mod- the only saint, is very great indeed. ern Hindus, all these facts must be kept in view, as well as the pride (d) The philosophy of India stands which plays so large a part to-day. apart from all other speculation. No- where else has intellectual thought eb) Despite its grossness and un- been so directly and for so long a time at the service of religion. The cleanness, the popular worship of the best Hindu philosophy is from first temples of India has for two millen- to last spiritual in aim, and in much niums given the ignorant masses of of its outworking it is spiritual also. the people a way to worship the In- Hence, while the Upanishads in cerfinite, an outlet for religious feeling, tain respects fall far behind Western and a place of hope in time of dire thought in devotional earnestness and trouble. They have felt their gods power, there is probably no other were with them. The blood-stained philosophic literature to match them. sacrifice, the noisy celebration of a With the rise of the Gita, Indian phigod's birthday, or the quiet offering losophy bec:ame connected with the of a few leaves and water, has been popular worships. In consequence, of real service in the piteous blind- multitudes of men, who otherwise ness of their quivering hearts. Tho would have had no touch with the they worship Gam~sa with the ele- best thought, have been introduced to phant head, or Kali, the Black, with philosophy. the projecting tongue, or some even more gruesome idol, •their priests (e) Not the least noticeable among have told them that their worship .is the religious groups of Hinduism are really received by the one God behind the many sects that teach incarnaall their images and ceremonies.

tion and bhakti,' and in many ways civilization, gave the people a certain they are the most healthy of all the standard of moral life and character· groups within the religion. The and the consciousness of belonging theology of these systems is usually to a great system and a great people.

very crude; yet we should acknowledge It is also certain that, apart from the that each one aims at theism, at spiritu- tenacity and strength of the caste and ality and an improved morality. It family system of Hinduism, the Hin- is clear from the literature that mul- du people in later ages would have titudes of men from every class have been cut to pieces and ground to been greatly helped in their religious powder by the successive invasions life by the doctrine of bhakti, a pas- from Central Asia. Instead of losing sion of devotion toward the Lord of their identity and their culture, they the sect. This doctrine was usually finally absorbed every group of for- associated with some rudimentary eigners except monotheists.

idea of salvation by faith. Thirdly, surely no Christian can There are three general considera- study Hinduism without being stirred tions which ought not to be over- to his very depths a thousand times looked in seeking to estimate the with the consciousness that most of value of Hinduism. the forms of this extraordinary r~­ The first is this, that the ascetic, ligion are essentially, eternally right, philosophic and bhakti movements in spite of all the degradation with were clearly inspired by spiritual which they are filled. The cult of motives and aspirations. They were the Persian Mithra, which won such founded by men who were not satis- remarkable success in the Roman fied with the ordinary Hinduism of army, had so many points of resem- the family, the priest and the temple, blance to Christianity tbat the early men who had a passionate desire for Christians declared that it must have release from the bondage of the been invented by the devil for the world, for knowledge of God, for purpose of entrapping souls. The re- some sort of living fellowship with semblance between Hinduism and the Divine. The literature of these . Christianity is in many ways far movements and the institutions they deeper and more real. In form, at have created are clear proof of the least, one can find as many parallels lofty aims and the self-sacrificing in Hinduism to Christianity as in purpose of the great leaders. ancient Judaism. How powerful, then, The Success of Hinduism must be the influence of these forms The second point to be noted is the upon the minds of Hindus.

tremendous success which the Hindu The Errors of Hinduism scheme as a whole has won in India.

The Aryan immigrants were but as 'vYe now reverse the shield and a small quantity of leaven amid the begin to look at numerous details in thronging tribes of the Indian penin- Hindu life and worship which have sula. Yet the Brahmans, with their not yet come within our survey.

social and theological system, organ- ( a) We begin with this, that altho ized practically the whole popula- the forms of the Hindu system are tion, covered the peninsula with their admirable in many ways, the content!

HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

are simply pagan. The ceremonial of men that this symbol suggests no evil the daily prayers, of the domestic passion or unclean idea to the wor- sacraments, of the temple worship shipers, and that statement must be and of the great festivals is purely accepted as far as possible; yet the external, the value of the whole de- fact remains that India is the last pending on the ritual correctness of remaining civilized country that worword and deed. ships a phallic symbol to-day. These objects of worship were once almost The worship of the people is idola- universal throughout the world, but trous from beginning to end. This with the spread of civilization they is true, even of the followers of the have disappeared. There were abunphilosophies, of modern ascetics, and dance of such things in Japan sixty of the Bhakti sects as well. Worship years ago; but when the awakening is not offered to the incomprehensible came they were swept out of exist- Atman, the impersonal God of Hindu ence. It is scarcely comprehen ,ibl:, philosophy. It is Kali, Siva, Rama, how the modern Hindu can have his Krishna, Ganesa, Hanuman, or some little daughter go to the temple and other member of the innumerable be taught the meaning of what she pantheon that is adored. The di- sees in the shrines of Siva. No vinity is believed to be present in the amount of philosophic mystification image; to the god present in the can whitewash this horrible practise. image the Hindu offers his worship and his oblation; to him he makes There is much actual licentiousness his petition. This cult is identical wrapt up in the literature and reboth in spirit and in method with the ligion of India. Large parts of the use of images among the ancient Sanskrit M ahabharata are foul in the Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks and extreme, and certain of the vernacu- Romans. To say that it is not idol- lar versions of both epics are exceedatry is simply a gross misuse of lan- ingly immoral. A great deal of the guage. literature of Krishnaism is erotic and very unclean. Many of the Tantras Those who have not wandered are unfit for publication. We do not about India and watched the people refer to casual references to sexual at their devotions can have little idea matters such as are found in the how monstrous and degrading the greatest literature of all nations, but objects of worship are. While all the to narratives filled with sensualism great gods are represented as anthro- and evil suggestion. It is no wonder, pomorphic, there is scarcely one of therefore, that one group of the Sakthem that has not some monstrous tas who use the Tantras and certain feature; and the vast majority of the Krishnaite sects make sexual immoobjects of Hindu worship are not rality a part of their worship. These even human: they are animals, de- facts about the literature make one mons, devils, evil spirits, stones, trees external fact less amazing than it and sllch like. There is one other would otherwise be, namely this, that fact that must be frankly stated here. there are attached to most of the The commonest of all objects of wor- great temples of southern India bands ship throughout India is the lingam of prostitutes who are known as of Siva. We are told by competent

servants of the god, and who do now Vishnu and Siva actually appeared in and then take part in the worship human life. Yet even the tales of with song and dance, but whose real Krishna and Rama as avatars of occupation is very different. Scouts Vishnu, by far the noblest parts of are sent out throughout the country Vishnuism, are mythological from be- to seek out and buy, for this horrible ginning to end. Every scholar ac- life, girl babies who are not wanted knowledges the fact. The question where they have been born. is never even discust.

There are a number of customs Again, these systems are hopelessly prescribed in the inspired legal litera- vicious in this way, that no one of ture of Hinduism and still practised them is a true monotheism. Siva or in every Hindu household, which are Vishnu, Rama or Krishna, whichever simply savage survivals. For example, it may be, is simply one of the mul- a dead body, a new-born child and titude of Hindu gods, selected by a its mother, must not be touched, as certain sect, and by them raised to they are unclean and will pollute any the dignity of the Supreme. But person who touches them. For this while one sect acclaims Krishna, an- reason, when a pregnant woman's other shouts in favor of Rama, and time comes, she is placed in some a third crowns Siva; and whichever shed or barn never used for human is raised to the proud position, his habitation, or in a hut specially wife and children share his glory, and erected for the purpose, and is not all the other gods of the Hindu pan- allowed to enter any room of the theon retain their old positions around house until a certain number of days him, and are recognized as his friends have elapsed. In the funeral service and relatives. Honored modern schol- a ball of rice and hopey is offered, ars have deliberately used the word which the spirit of the dead man is monotheism of one or other of these believed to eat, and from which he systems. We would respectfully sub- is believed to develop the material mit that, from the point of view of body which he requires in the other honest thinking, that is a very grave world. In the memorial services for misuse of language. The fact that the dead, a similar ball is offered to idolatry is found in every Bhakti sect the spirit of each departed ancestor. is further proof, if proof were needed, All this is pure savage superstition. that we have here no true monothe- The contents of the traditional Hindu ism, but merely a rearrangement of system are pagan. the divinities of Hindu polytheism.

(b) While the Bhakti sects of (c) Similarly the great aims which modern time are probably the noblest gave birth to Hindu asceticism and products of the Hindu spirit, yet their philosophy do not save these systems system is altogether impossible to from fatal defects which make them modern minds. The power which the totally unfit for acceptance to-day. If incarnations of Vishnu or the theo- the ideas which underlie the Ve- phanies of Siva exercise over the danta and the life of ancient Hindu hearts of modern Hindus arises alto- monks were really, actually, true, we gether from the belief that they are should be driven, by the sheer neces- historical, from the conviction that sity of honest logic, to demand that

THE HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF HINDUISM

all marriage should cease, that all poison which has worked through all men, women and children should give the centuries in the Hindu family, up family and social life, should re- producing in turn polygamy, infanti- tire to the deserts and forests, and cide, the refusal of education to girls, live in complete renunciation of so- child marriage, the prohibition of ciety, civilization, business, art, and widow marriage, the burning of worship, until the human race had widows, and the zenana system.

vanished from the face of our planet. (e) The frightful wrongs of caste, Either the implications of the Ve- which are now so widely recognized danta and the ideals of Hindu asceti- as immoral and inimical to national cism are true, and therefore healthy life by Hindus, similarly spring from for every human being, or else they the very center of the Hindu system.

are false. It is in the doctrine of transmigration There is one fact which is quite that the conception of caste finds its sufficient to destroy absolutely the ground. According to that doctrine, claim of the Vedanta to be worthy of men, when they return to the world, comparison with Christianity. The are at many various stages of spiri- God of the Vedanta is outside and tual progress, and the caste into which above morality. To the ancient mind each is born is precisely the social this seemed to be an essential element stage for which his spiritual condi- in the conception of the Absolute. To tion fits him. Thus, you can not root speak of the eternal God as moral out the caste system, with all its would have seemed to the early lIin- inhuman abuses, until you have rooted du to be a degradation of the Su- out transmigration.

preme to the level of a man. But Final Conclusions Judaism and Christianity have given the world from revelation that which We are thus brought to two final the philosophers were never able to conclusions with regard to this really give from speculation, the concept of great and fascinating religion. The the Supreme as essential!y moral and first is that the Hindu system, as a the source of the moral law. To ac- system, is hopelessly pagan through cept to-day a theology which does and through, fast bound to ritualistic not contain that priceless element polytheism, idolatry and savage su- would be as absurd as to accept a perstition, and yet that this hopeless science which does not insist upon system is shot through and through the constant consultation of nature. with innumerable lines of light, which (d) It is of the greatest importance have helped to guide myriads of to realize that the grievous wrongs souls throughout the centuries, and which the Hindu family system im- which as honest men we must ac- poses on women are not external knowledge and give their legitimate abuses which can be readily removed place to.

by a slight reform. The Hindu family The second conclusion is that as- is founded on ancestor worship, which <;eticism, philosophy, and the modern in every land has made the father the Bhakti sects have each and all arisen lord of the family and has depre- in response to a passionate desire for ciated woman. This is the ancient a truly spiritual religion, and have

each displayed an amollnt of spiritual the gross after a pattern. Further, wealth, but that all are to-day com- the real truth that is in Hinduism plete failures, because they have not ought to be preserved; and the pow- risen above the primeval conception erful inspiration of the saints and of God as nonl1loral, and Lave not heroes of former times must be saved shaken themselves free frOl1l the an- for the people of India. cient Brahmanical system with its poisonous doctrines of transmigration Strangely enough, as soon as we and ancestor-worship and its myriad begin to think of Christianity alongpagan elements. side of Hinduism, a most remarkable correspondence begins to make itself Hinduism every clear-eyed scholar felt. Nearly all the forms of ancient acknowledges to be a very great re- Hindu life reappear, transfigured, in ligion; yet it is hopelessly unfit for Christianity. There is not a spiritual the modern world or for man's high- aspiration exprest in the Upanishads, est needs. Nothing can save it from in the philosophies, in asceticism, or destruction. But while we unhesita- in the Bhakti theologies, that does not tingly condemn it as unfit for modern find perfect spiritual satisfaction in men, we ought as frankly to acknowl- Jesus Christ. While His Spirit will edge that the ancient system could tolerate nothing that is unworthy of scarcely have been other than it was. His Heavenly Father and the high The Brahmans built amazing well destiny of His human brothers, He with the materials they had: it was can take the nobiest elements of Hinscarcely their fault that better mate- du thought and fill them with a spiririals were not available. tual content which will satisfy the thirst of India, unquenched. so long. While Hinduism is destined to pass away, it will not disappear com- The correspondence between the pletely. Modern investigation has two faiths is very remarkable. There taught us that a change of religion are points of contact, it is true, benever makes a c0mplete break. There tween Mohammedanism and Hinduis always continuity of religious life ism, but they are trivial compared in some degree. It is impossible to with the relationships between the destroy men's minds and to recreate Gospel of Christ and the higher ideals them in a new shape. However po- of India. The human mind and hutent the new faith may be, it has to man needs are everywhere one. The work with the men who were created Hindu people, who possess remarkby the old system. Especially in the able religious gifts, have worked out case of a really mighty and pervasive into society and theology far more religion, such as Hinduism is, it fully than any other people the eswould be folly to expect that it will sential religious aspirations of the not color the future faith of the coun- human mind. Christianity is the one try. Nor ought we to desire such a faith which can give final spiritual thing. God does not desire to iron satisfaction to those needs of man the human race fiat, to smooth alit all which have received such vivid exnational differences, to make men by pression in Hinduism.

BRITISH MILITARY CAMP NEAR EANNU) ON THE BORDER OF AF"GHANISTAN

MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER BY DR. T. L. PENNELL, BANNU, U. W. F. P., INDIA Author of "Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier"

WO British officers~ considerable freedom in the matter of managing their own affairs acmT were on the march in cording to tradition while restrain- the Tochi Valley, in ing them from tribal warfare, and from the grosser crimes of murder July, 1911. This val- and highway robbery. ley is one of those ~ highroads of commerce One of the two officers mentioned was the engineer in charge of the which connect Central Asia and road, and with him was a Hindu sub- overseer. Along the road were gangs Afghanistan with British India. The of coolies at work repairing the damage done by the rains and the tribes on the neighboring mountains mountain streams. These coolies were drawn from the tribes of the are independent and have never ac- valley itself, and from neighboring tribes of fanatical Afghans, whose knowledged allegiance to any ruler. mullahs were constantly filling their minds with religious hatred and were The British have, however, built a teaching them that the murder of a Christian officer would be a most good metalled cart-road along the meritorious act, and that if they themselves should lose their lives in vaney, and have established military posts from the point where the val- ley first leaves the plains of India up to the head of the pass, eighty miles farther on, and 5,000 feet higher up. Here they administer the valley area, not exactly according to the penal code of India, but by the compromise of allowing the tribes

consequence, an immediate entrance Hindu widow was left to weep in into the joys of Paradise was await- Dannu. ing them. In this episode we have an example As the officers made their tour of of the old fanaticism still burning in inspection a coolie would often run the hearts of the Afghans in COI11up to the engineer in charge of the parison with the new ideals growing road with a petition for the removal up in the minds of those who have of some real or imagined grievance, learned "the larger hope, the kindor for some pay kept back by an un- lier hand," and who in the comradescrupulous contractor, or for an in- ship of East and West have been crease of pay. ready to risk and lose their own lives for the Christians, whom at one time The two officers were in a cart, the they misunderstood and hated. engineer and his overseer seated behind, and when they saw one of the How are our frontier missions workers on the road running after striving to bring about this change? them they thought one of these motives had actuated some petitioner. Ring out the slowly dying cause The engineer, therefore, ordered the And ancient forms of party strife; coachman to stop the cart. It was Ring in the nobler modes of life only when the man had overtaken With sweeter manners, purer laws. them that the engineer saw a long Afghan knife flash out from under The old trinity of "teaching, preachthe man's cloak as he made a lunge ing, and healing" are now, as ever, at him. There was no time to draw the marching orders of the Christian the revolver which was lying by his missionary, but the outward forms in side on the seat of the cart, but a which these are carried out vary with kick out into the man's face parried place and time. The teaching is fothe blow. In another moment the cused in our schools, the healing in Hindu overseer (who had been a our hospitals and medical work, and student in the Bannu School) had preaching pervades both, besides beleapt out of his seat on top of the ing used in the bazaars of the cities, man, and they fell together into the or in itinerating among the villages of roadway, the Afghan underneath. the plain and in the scattered hamlets There they lay for a moment grap- of the hills. pling with each other. The two English officers jumped down, seized and But underlying all is one great pinioned the man, but the Hindu lay principle, that of contact. The mere motionless; they raised him and mechanical contact of master with found to their dismay a gaping pupil, of doctor with patient, leads to wound on the right side, where the nothing and bears no fruit in the assassin's knife had pierced the over- spiritual sphere, but there is the seer's liver and inflicted a mortal closer, more vital, contact of heart wound. They lifted him tenderly to heart, of one living, throbbing, into the cart, but before they could sympathizing spirit touched with the reach the post and obtain medical love of Christ, fired with the Spirit assistance life had fled and another of God, with a longing, hoping, hun- gry soul, for whom Christ yearns and for whom He died. School work, hospital ward work, itineration. dis-

EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN

rATIENTS WA fTING OUTSIDe THE oPERATING ROOM AT n ANN U pensing and preaching are all valuable schools and colleges, however sucbecause fraught with opportunities cessful our medical work! of this kind. In the school-room and the wards the barrier that parts soul The Afghans have a tradition that from soul disappears like a wall of ice one of their ancestors having sinned, in the dog days, and the heart makes God saw fit to punish him with a known its needs and aspirations. ban that should descend to all his How constantly we missionaries are generations. "From this time forth reminded that the outward mechan- there will always be discord in your isms of our work are useless, or mere family." "How, then," ask the Afencumbrances unless the Spirit of ghans, "can you expect us to forego God is thus working from heart to the blood feuds and tribal quarrels heart and thus drawing all to Him- which decimate our young men and self! How humiliating this thought weaken our nation before its eneis to our human pride when we feel mies? It is all ordained by fate." that unless our own hearts are in tune with the great God of Love, and A certain tribe on the Bannu borunless our lives are fashioned after der lost a camel last spring. They Him who took upon Himself the traced the footprints along the riverform of a servant, that He might beds, through the jungles, over the bear our shame, then we are hin- mountain sides, till they came to the drances to the progress of His King- lands of the next tribe. Here they dom, however crowded our high lost it. In such a case it becomes the duty of that tribe either to follow lip the trace into the lands of some

other tribe, or to deliver up the cdmcl der died they were willing to C0111or its value in cash. In this case pound for the wounded by a money the tribe denied all responsibilIty, and payment. If not-then blood for refused compensation. The trackers blood. left, vowing retaliation. On the way back they passed a yoman of the re- It is one of the articles in -the calcitrant tribe gathering firewood. tribal code of honor that the mission They seized her and carried her off. hospital is neutral ground, on which The news soon spread and the warriors there must be no retaliation. Still of her tribe seized their rifles, buckled l'athans are quick-tempered, and on their cartridge belts, and started when they come to words swords in pursuit. They reached a ridge are soon drawn, so we thought better overlooking a ravine on the other to put the other wounded in a reside of which were the trackers ma- mote part of the hospital, where they king off with the woman. Both sides would not see much of the first party. took cover and opened fire. One of The last two arrivals soon recovered the trackers fell dead, shot through and were discharged, but it was not the head; his brother, standing by until after months of suffering and him, took ailTl at the man who had fever that the broken shoulder shot him, and shattered his shoulder. mended and we were able to dis- Two more of the trackers were shot, charge the man with a fairly useful one through the side and one through arm. the leg. They then left the woman and carried off their dead and As each of the wounded had sevwounded. eral stalwarts to attend and nurse him, we had many opportunities of The next morning a blood-stained preaching the Gospel to the men of litter was brought into the mission those two tribes, men who would hospital by a party of travel-worn have scorned to listen to it but for tribesmen; on it was the man with a the mission hospital. Here their shattered shoulder. He had a terrible hearts were softened, and they promwound, but we hoped to save the ised to lay aside their animosities at arm, and soon the wounded man and least for a season, and before the his attendants were comfortably last man left the hospital we had the housed in one of our "family wards." oatisfaction of knowing that the two The wound was cleaned and drest tribes were once more, at least outand some medicine was administered wardly, on a friendly footing. to relieve the excessive pain,- made so much worse by a night-long journey On another occasion of tribal warover rough mountain roads. fare, one side brought their wounded down to Bannu, where they were ad- The next morning another party mitted to our wards, but the other arrived with two litters, containing side, on hearing this, were unwilling the two wounded men of the other to run the risk of being treated in tribe. Their wounds were not so such close proximity to their foes. serious as that of the first man, but They wished, however, to be under one of their number had been killed. our care, so they took their wounded If the man with the shattered shoul- to our outstation at ThaI, where they were admitted into the Lord Roberts

I9121 MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

Hospital. On the occasions of our story, which is related ill 111y book,* visits there they would slyly ask after is repeated here because the poor the progress of the wounded foes, man has just returned to see me, and inwardly hoping that mortification or lockjaw or some such thing might DR . P 2 NNELL AND T HE AFGH AN WHO WAS BL[NDED have supervened, and asking with BY HIS ENEMIES feeling, "Have you not had to ampu- tate so-and-50's leg?" another chim- I had his photograph taken on the ing in with " It was I who shot him.'· hospital veranda. He is resigned, bllt still lamen ts that he has no SOI1 In the autumn of 1907 a fine, stal- to revenge his loss. wart W azir was brought to the Bannu Mission Hospital in a pitiable A few month s back a Wazir state; both of his eyes had been mountaineer was carried down to our slashed out and utterly blinded with hospital on a bed, with severe frac- a knife. His story was that his tures of the rig ht arm and right enemies came on him unexpectedly in thigh. Some Mahud robbers had his cottage one day, beat his wife fallen on the village flocks and driven into insensibility, tied him to a bed, some of them away. Alarm was and then deliberately destroyed his given in the village, and a party set eyes with a knife. His wife came to off in pursuit. This man was one the hospital with him, suffering from of the pursuers, and in his haste he severe contusions and some broken had left his rifle and had taken only ribs, and we put them both into one of our small "family wards"-so • "Among the Wil<l Tribes of the Afghan F ran· called becau se father, mother, and tier," Chapter V. children, if there be any, can alI stop together fo r treatment. It was pain- ful to have to tell him that he would never see again, and still more pain- ful to hear him as he piteously said, "0, sahib, if you can give me some sight only j ust long enough to go and shoot my enemy, then I shall be satisfied to be blind all the rest of my life." It could not be. His lot would probably become that of the numerous blind beggars that throng Eastern bazaars, for who would plow his land now, or speak for him in the village council? From pure pity . we kept him a few weeks that he might hear the story of the Gospel, of good will and forgiveness, but he would shake hi s head and sig h, "No, that teaching is not for us. . What I want is revenge-revenge!" This

a sword. They came up with the mind inconsistent with the attitude marauders, who promptly took cover of l'Iohammedans toward Christ and behind some rocks, and opened a fu- the Gospel. Before making his dif- sillade. He was shot in the arm, and ficulties known to us he came several the sword fell to the ground. He times to listen to the preaching in the picked it up with the left arm, and out-patient department of the hos- dashed on to the rocks, where the pital. Then he asked for a Gospel, enemy was in hiding, but before he and came for instruction. He was so could reach them another shot shat- quickly entranced by the life of tered his thigh, and he fel! helplessly Christ, and so rapidly threw off the to the ground. As soon as his fellow prejudices of Islam, that we were villagers found leisure from the pur- very soon able to admit him as a suit, they brought him in to us, hoping catechumen. He seemed to make up he would still be fit to fight another his mind almost at once that he had day. solved the difficulties so long troub- The Bannu Mission has not been ling him, and had found peace and without some remarkable converts. happiness in the transcendence of Some are working with us, some are Christ. He wrote to the people in holding government appointments, whose mosque he had been officiating, one was martyred for his faith, all telling them that he had given up have suffered to a greater or less de- Islam for Christ, and that they should gree for it. Some have gone out to arrange for another priest to read foreign lands to preach the Gospel prayers for them. He would spend which once they despised. Others, a great part of the day studying the sad to relate, have stood for a whiie, New Testament, with all the zeal and but when persecution came, have interest of one who has just dis- fallen away and apostatized. covered a new treasure. He would One recent convert, we hope, may have copies in Hindustani, Persian some day become an apostle to his and Pushtu, comparing one with an- own people. M. A. K. was a mullah, other, and using one to elucidate dif- and the Imam (priest) of a town not ficult passages in another, and when far from Bannu. Unlike a majority he came to a passage he could not of the mul1ahs, he studied the mean- understand, or a difficulty he could ing of the text of the Gwia'n, and not solve, resorting straightway to spent some thought on the signifi- me or the catechist for help. Even cance of its teaching. He found that when busy in the hospital, or with considerably more was said in that visitors, one could not help putting book in extolling Christ than in the aside one's work for a few minutes praise of any other prophet, Moham- when one saw him coming up with med included. He found the epithet beaming face and open book in hand; of "Spirit of God" given to Christ, and his genuine delight when the while Mohammed received the epi- passage had been satisfactorily ex- thet of merely "Prophet of God," and plained and his sincere and simple the other great prophets similarly faith were abundant reward.

came far below Christ in their ap- After a few month's instruction we pellations. All this seemed to his were able to accede to his earnest

MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

desire for baptism, and he dropt the as well as three or four outstations name of Muhammad for that of in connection with each of these. Paulus, as we hoped that one day The Central Asian Mission has be- he might follow in the steps of that gun work at Mardin, in the Peshagreat apostle, and go forth to preach wur district. At each of these places to his fellow countrymen. there is a native church, composed He is now being prepared, not GUL KANINA AND HIS GRANDMOTHE& only by study, but in the school of persecution' and hardship. partly of Afghan converts and partly of Indians who have come up to The life histories of many re- these parts in either mission or govmarkable converts have been recorded ernment service. in various mIssIonary periodicals. There was Dilawer Khan, first a Peshawur being the capital of the robber chieftain, then a native of- province, is the most fully equipped. ficer in the Regiment of Guides, and It has a mission college, teaching up finally martyred in the snows of Chi- to the B.A. degree of the Punjab tral; there was Abdul Karim, a con- University, and there are four Engvert of Kandahar, who attempted to lish graduates on its staff. There preach the Gospel in Afghanistan, are mission high schools in Peshabut was imprisoned and tortured in wur, Bannu, and Dera Ismail Khan. Kandahar, and at last murdered near In these boys are prepared for the Kabul; there was Syed Badshah, a matriculation examination of the unimullah of Brannu, who, after a short versity. The largest school is at but faithful service, was murdered Bannl1, in which more than 650 boys in his bed one night at Eannu; there study. All these institutions have was Nazirullah, a convert of Quetta, enticed across the frontier by his own relations, and then done to death; these and many others have suffered for their faith and not been ashamed, and have passed to their reward and the Master's "Well done!" There are many more now witnessing for their Lord, not only in the frontier mission stations on the borders of Afghanistan, but some, too, who have gone forth to other lands as Afghan missionaries of the Cross, to Burma, to Bengal, to the Persian Gulf, to Arabia, and even to East Africa.

There are two societies at present working on the Afghan frontier, the principal being the Church Missionary Society, which has large and fully equipped missions at Peshawur, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan and Quetta,

hostels in connection with them, for When work was first started on students who come from the more this frontier it was difficult if not distant parts of the district. They perilous for the missionary to itineare under the direct supervision of rate in the villages. Now matters European missionaries, and no greater have so far changed that a medical opportunities could be afforded for missionary at least gets a cordial welinfluencing and educating the best come wherever he goes. Almost any spirits of the rising generation than village that we enter is the home of the close contact of missionary and some of our old patients, and one student in class-room, in playground, or other of these comes running out and in hostel. to meet us, and becomes our guard and our guide, and even our host, as There are mission hospitals at long as we care to stop there. More- Peshawur, Hannt1, Dera Ismail Khan over, he will gain a hearing from and Quetta, and subsidiary dispens- the other people for our message, aries at most of the outstations. At introducing us as old friends. Our these hospitals during the year 1910 hospital in Bannu was begun in the no less than 236,167 visits were paid autumn of 1893 with a small ward by outpatients; 5,008 were treated for twelve patients. Work rapidly as in-patients in the hospital wards, increased, and patients flocked in and 10,182 operations were per- from every quarter, and we graduformed. At all the hospitals at least ally added to our accommodations as one but generally several Gospel ad- funds permitted, till, at the present dresses are given daily to the out- time, we have beds for seventy papatients, while those in the ward tients. So far, however, is this from have the benefit of regular services adequately meeting our wants, that and systematic teaching, not to speak during a good part of last winter we of the atmosphere of Christian sym- had as many as 150 patients in the pathy and service by which they are hospital at one time, and this altho surrounded. Quite a large propor- we refused cases that were not really tion of both in- and out-patients are urgent, admitting only those that remen and women who have come from quired operation, or had come from over the border, and from Afghani- great distances. Besides this, some stan itself, for medical and surgical of our old wards were cheaply built treatment. 'When these return to of mud-brick for temporary necessity, their far distant homes, they retail and urgently require rebuilding, We to their friends in town and village have prepared plans and estimates stories not only of the kind treatment for new wards to cost 12,000 ($10,- they have received, but of the teach- 000). The Church Missionary Soing they have heard. Others take ciety is totally unable to give any asback with them portions of Scrip- sistance toward these buildings, as, ture in Pushtu or Persian, and these owing to its present financial diffiare read and studied privately in culties, it is even curtailing its grants many a mosque and home. To do so to existing work. Weare, therefore, publicly would mean persecution and compelled to appeal for this sum to loss, as the reader would come under those interested in our mission. suspicion of being a possible convert.

I2 ] MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN

When this building is ready, our door is opened to Afghanistan itself women patients will be able to be and to other countries also. housed in an entirely separate building, and this of itself will bring us In some places, where people are many women who can not now come l·icher and more civilized than in to a hospital where complete "pur- Bannu, medical missionaries are able dah" arrangements are not carried largely to support their work through out. I t is often heartrending to be their fees. In Bannu we encourage those who are able, to pay for their A :-OOTBALL TEAM IN THE CHURCH lrUSSION lilGH SCHOOL, BANNU compelled to turn away patients medical attendance or treatment; but through want of space, and when our even so, the amount that we are able wards are completed we hope that to raise is quite inadequate. The the influence of our hospital on both people, on the whole, are poor, and sides of the border will be much the hill tribes have never been in the increased. Moreover, our base hos- habit of paying for their requirepitals are training grounds for con- ments, tho sometimes grateful paverts and other agents whom we are tients bring gifts in kind, as wheat, preparing to become missionaries to flour, eggs, fruit, and milk, which are their own people, and, as soon as the used in the hospital commissariat.

PRAYER HUNG UP IN OPERATING-ROOM OF A CHINESE MISSION HOSPITAL "All powerful Lord of Heaven! This Thy child who is before Thee is sick. VVe, Thy servants, ask Thee for skilful hands and for wisdom to relieve his pain and cure his body, in order th at some day he may understand the love and mercy of his Heavenly Father and return thanks to Thee and come to serve Thee. We ask it all in the name of Tesus Christ the Savior. Amen !"- L .M. S .

AND GOVERNMENT IN

BY B. C. BARBER General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A.. Calcutta NE may wonder that a Queen in her Proclamation of 1858, LOl man like Lord Curzon which says: "Firmly relying our- should say that the selves on the truth of Christianity, and acknowledging with gratitude . East was unlikely to the solace of religion, we discla:im alike the right and the desire to im- ~ accept Christianity be- pose our convictions on any of our cause the religions of Asia gave an intelligible theory of the revelations of God to man which subjects. We declare it to be our satisfied the Oriental, and that there royal will and pleasure that none be was something in Christianity hostile in anywise favored, none molested to the self-consciousness of the East. or disquieted by reason of their re- Weare very glad, however, that he ligious faith or observances, but that did not say this as an Indian official. all shall alike enjoy the equal and Other words of this same ruler while impartial protection of the law, and in India came perilously near violating we do strictly charge and enjoin all the principle of religious neutral- those who may be in authority under ity, but it is not often that officials us that they abstain from all intercan be so accused. On the other hand, ference with the religious belief or men in high position have recognized worship of any of our subjects, on the great value of the work of the pain of our highest displeasure."

ITIlSSlOnary. So great an authority as Thus, government officers are fora Secretary of State once wrote in bidden to use their official position his report: "Missionaries have fre- in aid of any religious propaganda, quently addrest the Indian Govern- and most missionaries approve of ment on important social questions this principle. Sir Andrew Fraser, involving the welfare of the native in his new book, "India's Rajahs and community, and have suggested valu- Ryots," refers to it thus: "I have able improvements in existing laws." never consciously favored Christian Sir Andrew Fraser says, "To me it or Hindu or Mohammedan for his has always appeared intensely un- creed, and I have never used my satisfactory to find a government of- official influence in any way to under- ficer and a missionary standing aloof mine or change the faith of any man. from one another and regarding one But I have never regarded the prin- another with suspicion and dislike." ciple of neutrality as involving in- But this attitude is the exception, and difference or opposition to religion." on the whole most cordial relations prevail. The opinion of such an eminent of- ficial as Sir John Lawrence will be But that ideal relations or condi- worth listening to: "It is not postions do not exist is clear. sible to introduce Western learning Religious Neutrality and science into India without lead- The Edinburgh commission suggests ing its people to throw off their faith.

a "searching inquiry" into this point. If this position be correct surely we Does it or do we wish to recede from are bound to give them facilities for the position taken up by the late acquiring a knowledge of the true faith." "Vie believe that the for administering justice. In· many Bible is true, that it is the only means ways they were distinctly not neutral of salvation. Surely we should lend but favored the heathen religions and our influence in making it known to discriminated against Christianity.

our subjects. In respect to One would like to say this attitude teaching the Bible in government has long since passed away, but it is schools and colleges, such teaching not beyond the memory of many of ought to be offered to all those who us here to-night when a high official may be willing to receive it. But in India on more than one occasion we ought not to render attendance urged the adherents of nonchristian on such Bible classes compulsory or religions to stick to their old religi- obligatory." ous beliefs. Of such neutrality, it Such an idea as this is not an anti- has been said that it stands up so quated one, for Sir Mackworth straight that it leans over backward.

Young, in a lenten address on for- "The reiteration and enforcement of eign missions, in Cornhill, in 1902, neutrality has been good if only to speaking of the reason why in God's do away with favoritism to nonchris- providence such power had been tian religions." For my own part 1 given to the British in the East, said: have often tried to imagine where "No true believer in Jesus Christ will India would be to-day if there had fail to give the reply-that Christ been no neutral position, and if may be made known through the Christian rulers had governed as if length and breadth of the land. India they recognized the great benefits has been subordinated to us in order which had accrued to the British that we may communicate to her the Empire or other Christian countries secret of our own preeminence." from accepting Christianity. I be- These few words are sufficiently lieve India herself would have wel- weighty to show that all were not comed a less neutral attitude than and are not of one mind with regard that which she has experienced at to neutrality, and that a fairly liberal our hands.

interpretation might with justice be The Educational Situation placed upon the law. The policy of The Government has been unable to religious neutrality was inherited do all it desired for the education of from the Old John Company of pre- the people, owing to lack of funds. vious days. This was, however, more Many missions, as well as private in theory than practise, for the gov- individuals, have been willing to co- ernment of India as late as 1840 was operate with government in this re- contributing Rs. 53,000 annually to gard, and to expend large sums of the Puri Temple, and helped by money in permanent equipment and grants in many other cases. From a recurring expenses for the privilege Christian memorial presented to Par- of making education an end in itself nament in 1857 we find that idolatry as well as a means to the end of was subsidized, some of its immodest imparting religious instruction and rites attended by government of- of building up character in the youth ficials as the nautch is even to-day, of India. The government has hitherand caste arrangements recognized to welcomed this help and has made

grants-in-aid to such institutions, en- model high schools. This, they afabling them in many cases to do a firm, is to bl;! the beginning of a very efficient work. All such institu- scheme which will be applied to every tions have been under government district of the PreSidency. Such a inspection, but have been left entirely plan will mean (I) the prevention of free with regard to religious instruc- cooperation and the discouragement tion. of private effort by drawing away pupils to these model high schools. Thirty years after the Despatch of Thus, government becomes a competi- 1854, when the Commission of 1882 tor and not a helper; (2) it will remade its report, the Government was quire a very large increase in exmore in favor of private Indian effort penditure and will benefit a comparaas opposed to missionary agency. A tively small proportion. Missionary strong reason set forth for withdraw- education is only half as expensive ing was that private effort could as that given in government instiintroduce religious instruction which tutions; (3) it will prevent the imwas strongly desired. But it seems parting of religious instruction since to me that to say "that withdrawal government must remain neutral. Sir of departmental agency should not ~rthur Lawley, Governor of Madras, take place in favor of missionary said in December last, at the openbodies" is an unjust discrimination ing of the new C. L. S. building in against the Christian religion and a Madras, "I may say that we look violation of the principle of neutral- l1pon missionaries in this country as ity. Lord Curzon's Reform Policy our stalwart and valuable allies in of 1904 reaffirms the policy of with- that great branch of administration drawal, but adds: "The Government which is exciting so much interest of India at the same time recognize just now, viz., Education." Other the extreme importance of the prin- officials have affirmed their warm ciple that in each branch of educa- feeling for missionary educatior; and tion, government should maintain a missionary work, but notwithstanding limited number of institutions, both all this we need to be watchful that as models for private enterprise to our birthright is not divided or follow and in order to uphold a high snatched away altogether. Governstandard of education." Many have ment control is growing, and, from grave fears that this is contrary in all indications, will continue to do its actual operation to the policy of so. As Indians are given greater withdrawal, and that it may prove a power in legislative concerns the great menace to missionary educa- rights and privileges of missions may tion. As a matter of fact, govern- be curtailed. As educational reforms ment seems to be changing front in are making for greater efficiency the many points which will make it dis- enlarged expenditure is being thrust tinctly harder for missionary effort. in too great a proportion upon the In the Madras Presidency, the gov- mission school. ernment declared their purpose to take over from district and municipal One word with regard to teaching boards the management of nineteen religious and ethical ideals in schools secondary schools and to make them and colleges. Neither government,

nor Hindus, nor Mohammedans are Here little can be done and the Chris- satisfied with neutrality. Students tian must suffer, and show by his are given to insubordination, to ta- calm fortitude the superiority of his king part in .politics, and, in many adopted religion, at the same time instances, to immorality, and it is by his suffering, gaining in strength felt by many that the absence of and character. religious instruction is in large part responsible for this. Government may But there is a disability graver still overcome it from the ethical side by which he must suffer, even tho he care in the selection of trained teach- dwells under a government strictly ers, a high standard of discipline, by Christian in character. British India well-managed hostels, by carefully has its own laws and legislative selected text-books, and by closer as- bodies, but in many departments of sociation of teachers and pupils in law, such as inheritance and succestheir every-day life. Private agencies sion of property, adoption, marriage are not to be interfered with in re- and divorce, the great mass of the ligious instruction, and for this rea- population, both Hindu and Mohamson they should be encouraged and medan, are governed by the laws of aided in every possible way. Up to their own. For this reason the Inthe present time only Christian insti- dian Christian finds it difficult to obtutions have introduced such instruc- tain redress. Tho government has tion to any extent, but a perusal of passed some laws relating to these the report of the Allahabad Educa- questions with the Christian's rights tional Conference, held in February in view, others from the nonchristian of this year, shows considerable con- standpoint have been recognized by cern from our coreligionists in India, the government and legislative counand this agitation ought to produce cils. Missionaries should make such a healthful atmosphere. representations as will secure to Christians all the protection, rights Diaabilities of Indian Christians and privileges of law-abiding citi- zens. A recent case in Moradabad When a man in India gives up his of the right of Christians to draw ancestral religion, he usually becomes water from a public well serves as the subject of intense and bitter per- an illustration. Before baptism they secution. It is most difficult to get had had the use of the well. Two at or prevent this persecution, for years afterward they were denied the method, which rarely exceeds the the right to use water, and when bounds of the law, is petty and un- they attempted it, force was used. derhanded, but effectual, nevertheless. The case was taken to the courts, A man in an office whose superior and after a good deal of trouble and is a Hindu is almost sure to lose expense the magistrate decided in his post; if in business he is boy- favor of the Christians. Missionaries cotted; if in a hospital he sometimes should familiarize themselves with suffers indignities; his servants desert the law, and protect those whom they him; he is looked upon with scorn, receive into the Church in rights shunned and slighted for having which are without question theirs; broken faith with his old religion. if privileges are curtailed they should

take steps to secure larger freedom. under extraordinary circumstances, It is well to allow the Church to gain such as the possibility of bloodshed, strength by suffering, but it is better .Missionaries ought at least to have to provide just, equal and righteous the same rights as merchants and laws under which to live. traders, and they do not ask for A Mission's Consul special favors. The time has certainly come when A mission's consul would be very useful to represent grievances or any a careful investigation should be other matters to government on the made into all cases where impartial part of missionaries and mission treatment has been denied, and a boards. strong representation made upon the subject in the form of a memorial Feudatory States asking for a declaration' of policy.

There are six hundred feudatory This is all the more needed now states in India, which range from when such great changes are coming ancient kingdoms down to petty es- over the character of the Indian Gov- tates. In some cases the rulers are ernment, both in regard to territory kindly disposed to missionaries and under the direct control Elf the British their work, and the fullest toleration Government and also in the native is permitted. In others, they are States. The case of Nepal and Bhu- persecnted and harassed, converts tan is different. They are not vassal suffer, and it is difficult or impos- states tho they may be influenced by sible to secure rights of purcllasing the British Government. Here where property and building necessary entrance is forbidden, miss:onaries structures to carryon their work. should be careful since they are likely This attitude is probably due to fear to disturb the peace of people on that their authority may be under- both sides of the line. But the Gov- mined, but they soon learn that mis- ernment should not unduly prohibit sionaries are not there for political the entrance of such civilizing forces, purposes and that they teach observ- and missionaries should be on the ance of rule and order. These states lookout to make friends with, and tu are indirectly under the British Gov- help, these people when opportunity ernment, but the authorities will not arises.

interfere except when gross injustice .Many other questions might be demands it. Missionaries, too, are touched upon, but the time is gone.

loath to call upon an o'ltsi<le power Missionaries in India have very much for redress or help, for this irritates to be thankful for, and we may con- the ruling prince and interferes with gratulate ourselves that the relations the dignity of his position. So mis- between misisons and government, sionaries would rather patiently wait and between missionaries and indivi- until their work takes hold of such dual government officials, are as cor- officials and secures for them quietly dial as they are. I f more can be the rights they seek. Sometimes the done as between the two for a higher British Government has forbidden efficiency in mission work and a missionaries to enter native states, speedier bringing of Christ to the which action can only be justified people of India, it is our duty to do it.

EASY METHOD FOR INDIAN

BY J. KNOWLES m·1 N the Indian Empire the world, and for international in- there are 200 languages. tercourse. There are 50 alphabets -or, rather, syllaba- Out of all the methods of past ries. To print these times for handing down the knowl- in the native scripts edge of the past, the art of printing takes 20,000 different types. The books has survived. Mexican cords, types are most elaborate and compli- clay tablets, Egyptian papyrus, Indian cated. Could Babel be worse? Could palm leaves, have all yielded to manuthe adversary be supposed to raise a factured paper. Now is the Church's greater hindrance to missionary work? opportunity. In a booklet entitled Learning to read is a task of years, "Our Duty to India and Indian Illearning to write is the labor of a literates," a complete scheme for malifetime, printing becomes almost an king, reading, writing, and printing impossibility.. What does it all mean easier in India than anywhere in the from a missionary point of view? world is set forth in detail. Briefly, the scheme is as follows: There are only about fifty-three sounds in all the Indian languages As the ordinary Roman letters are put together, which require separate not sufficient to express all the reletters to distinguish them. In the quired Indian sounds, the phonotypic main the majority of the sounds are letters of Isaac Pitman and A. ]. common to all the languages of India, Ellis are added to them, with some and also, as might be supposed, from romanic letters for special Indian the fact that Sanskrit, Greek and soumIs. The result is a romanic code Latin are akin, common to Europe of fifty-three letters, which suffice to and America, Asia and Africa. In furnish an accurate transliteration, or short, the main sounds are common a practical phonetization, of all the to all languages. Then out of all languages, and all the dialects of the the different methods of expressing Indian Empire. An average of only sounds in writing the Roman letters 37 letters is required for anyone have proved themselves the most ef- vernacular. Of these, half the roficient. To-day the Roman letters are manic letters are so similar to the known all over the world. These two other romanic letters with similar facts give us a majority of common sounds that the task of learning to sounds and world-wide simple letters. read becomes a lightsome labor of Through the Babel of languages phi- mastering about twenty simple forms. lology and phonology have been pro- No capitals being used, and the Invided with a sphere of work for the dian languages being spelled phonetiworld. So far has the study pro- cally, the result is the minimum of grest that to-day thousands of Chris- time to pupil and teacher. Ten tians are being captivated by the idea simple half-hour lessons introduce of a world-wide language of the the illiterate to the reading of the simplest character, suitable for the Gospel. The letters are taken three embodiment of all the learning of all or four at a time, and with the first four letters the illiterate is shown

how letters combine into syllables and ficuIt to move? Why not make make words, and in five minutes he learning to read easier? Here we begins reading very familiar words. are at the twentieth century, and In seven lessons he is introduced to every mission using Roman letters parables, and ten lessons complete as they should be used phonetically the course. After that the reading has not the least difficulty in teachof the Gospel begins. ing the Christians to read. We have India, with 2,660,000 Indian Chris- Anyone who can speak an Indian tians, of whom 2,300,000 can not language and knows the ordinary read a verse of the Bible in their own Roman letters is able to read that mother tongues. Do our leading' Indian language in romanic letters wealthy Christians know, or are they after five minutes' study. As there indifferent? are over 1,125,000 in India "literate in English," there are plenty to teach Why does not the Christian Church the illiterate his letters. Further, demand that at least the option of anyone who has learned to read the Bible be given in such letters? English in phonetic print, following vVhen I was in India one of the Pitman's phonetic alphabet, with Latin questions discust was whether before pronunciation of the vowels, will, baptism a convert should be required after one lesson, be able to read any to be able to read. It could not be Indian vernacular so that tho he may insisted upon. But if the Bible were not know a word of the vernacular, printed in twenty simple letters it a hearer who does will understand would be a fair test of a convert's what is being read. desire to be a Christian.

As the same romanic letters with The Bible is being printed in Esthe same sounds will be used for all peranto. Why does not some one the languages, a native wiII not only offer a prize for the simplest method be able to teach an illiterate in his of teaching an illiterate to read his own vernacular. but he will be able to own mother tongue? Magazines go teach reading in the other vernacu- into ecstasies at the discovery of an lars he may not be able to speak.* old Greek inscription of 1600 B.C. in a syllabary made out of picture- The Baptist Missionary Society of writing. Is there one which will tell England have taken the types and llS the best method of teaching 278,- are going to begin in Oriya.The 000,000 illiterates to read in 200 lan- Scripture Gift Mission are also to guages? Let us have the very best issue Scripture texts. Why are the method which can be obtained for missionary and Bible societies so dif- using Roman letters for India and for China, and let us give these mil- * The whole scheme can be printed on a post- lions of illiterate Christians, and many more millions of illiterate noncard, and is printed, and :IvIr. J. Knowles will be christians, the Scriptures which we so greatly value. glad to send one on receipt of stamped address. For complete details please read "Our Duty to India and Indian Illiterates," from Christian Literature Society for India, 35 John Street, Bedford Row. London. W. C. (Postage fee, 7d.)

G. APPENZELLER, OF

BY REV. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., LL.D., ITHACA, N. Y. Author of HKorea J " HThc Her-mit Nation," etc.

HE figure of the soldier sowing, the toil, peril, pain, and tear- ful prayers of the pioneers of 1885. mT dominates all literature. The knight, of outward Henry Gerhard Appenzeller's spiri- panoply and inward tual cradle was in the (German) vows-the flower of Reformed Church of the United medieval Christendom States. Of Pennsylvania "Dutch"

,-still sways the imagination. VVar may be improved off the face of the earth, as we all pray, but the warrior spirit will remain. The lure of danger will ever attract the brave. The march- ing orders of the Almighty Father- "replenish and subdue"-still urges man on to vaster issues. Short but imperative is the command of the great Captain-"Go."

Nobler than sword or lance are the weapons of love. More entrancing to the lover of his kind is the figure of the knightly soldier who dares a~l for Christ. To face difficulties, in order to save his fellow men, seems more to make the measure of a man than winning the laurels on bloody fields of battle. When to the elan of the charge is added the patient HENRY GERHART APPENZEL LER toil of the builder, and the trowel is handled as skilfully as the sword, we ,.tock, which includes the Swiss and have indeed the ideal missionary. other strains from the great Teutonic Such seems the life of Henry Ger- Fatherland, he was descended frOIll hard Appenzeller, when seen in the the men of that Appenzell, in north- perspective of that quarter of a cen- eastern Switzerland and of Alpine tury which has made Korea, once in height, who by the labors of the hermit obscurity, the most hopeful of early medieval Irish missionaries of all of our mission fields. To-day, St. Gall were led out of heathenism when the prayers of a quarter of a into Christian light. Of good omen million of native Christians have is the name Appenzell, meaning the made a new Land of Morning Splen- "abbot's cell." Yet by God's ap- dor, we join gladly in the shout of pointment, the American Appenzell- "Grace, grace unto it." It would be er's religion was to be of another hard, indeed, to understand the Ko- type. He was to go out of the cell, rean harvest of souls to-day, without home, and seminary, into the world's the plow and harrow work, the seed- broad harvest-field, even into a coun-

try then nearly unknown, "which he he enlisted. Would that all young was afterward to receive as· an in- mIssIonaries were equally modest, heritance. But he obeyed, winsome and wise!

not knowing whither he went." To Behold how, in the sparrow-watch- him the problems of the Gospel were ing of a Providence that creates a not geographical, but human. "We universe, a pebble of circumstance have the same Gospel to preach, turns the course of a human life!

wherever God calls," he wrote in Young Appenzeller had at first no 1887 from Korea. special inward motive or outward He was born at Soudertown, lure to the foreign field. His idea Montgomery County, Pa., February was to labor at home. His room- 5, 1858, and was converted in 1877, mate at Drew, now the Rev. Julian under the evangelistic labors of Wadsworth, of Providence, R. 1., Mr. Fulton, at Westchester. He had, however, read a certain book, entered at twenty Franklin and Mar- "Korea, the Hermit Nation." Be- shall College, in Lancaster, from coming interested in the long forbid- which he was graduated in 1882. ding and forbidden land, he offered During his college course he became himself for work there, when the a Methodist, and under God his char- century-barred gates, by the Shufeldt . acter received spiritual reenforcement, treaty of 1882, had been set slightly and new conduits and channels for a ajar. Reading and talking about the joyous spirit were opened and ever strange peninsula had a curious ef- required outward expression of 111- fect upon his fellow students. In the ward joy. case of some, it made chairs sag be- Appenzeller heard the call to the cause of long hours and the keen ministry of grace, and believing that interest of chummy chat. Upon the best way to learn how to preach others the very name Korea seemed was to preach, he served in a small to furnish an escalator toward the mission in Lancaster. When the door and floors above.

leaves were falling in 1882, he entered Appenzeller attended the student Drew Seminary. At Bolton and convention of the Inter-Seminary Al- Green Village, N. L he gave his liance, at Hartford, Conn. There Saturdays to pastoral work, and his the missionary fire entered his bones.

Sundays to preaching. His Aquila For overpowering domestic reasons, and Priscilla were found in a dear Wadsworth could not go abroad. Ap- old couple, of whom the latter was penzeller sprang in the breach and an elderly woman of God, whose seized the opportunity, proudly call- hints to a young pastor and pulpiteer ing himself a "substitute." With his were worth more than minted eagles. bride, Ella J. Dodge, he was soon Appenzeller, young or mature, was in San Francisco, and on the eve a Puritan in ethical and spiritual life, of sailing was ordained by Bishop while ever a winsome bon homme to Fowler-even while, unknown to young and old. No wonder that in either, that bloody riot of December, Korea he won, not only the "heathen" 1884, had taken place in Seoul. This -but more wonderful, the mercantile unchaining of popular passions left Christians whose aid and sympathy the legation of Japan in ashes, and

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

the corpses of her murdered people Already, but newly, the medical doc~ unburied and eaten by dogs in the tors, H. N. Allen and M. B. Scranstreets, strewed the palace grounds ton, were on the ground. American with the dead of victims in the battle medica;! skill and surgery, so strikingly between the Nippon Islanders and demonstrated in sword and bullet the 01inese, led by China's man of wounds, had imprest the King. A destiny, Yuan Shi Kai. Arriving in royal hospital was established for Japan, and thence sailing farther Dr. Allen, while Dr. Scranton had west, it was their lot to arrive at already begun medical work in his 01emulpo, a seaport of the capital, ow n house. Rev. H. G. Underwood on Easter Sunday, I885. had arrived in April. Korean appli- A GROU P OF KOREANS. THE LITERARY SC H OLAR WEARS GLASS ES Nor yet was the height to be cants to study medicine were told gained, whence pinions might be un- they must know English. They apfolded for a swoop upon heathenism. plied to Mr. Appenzeller, and he be- Amid the political commotion, armed gan teaching. He opened a school camps, and impending hostilities of which in r886 had so imprest the rival forces, native and alien, it King that he honored it with a name seemed best to return to Japan for meaning Hall for the Training of a season. Useful Men, which has enjoyed a long career of blessing and benefit. Have we seen a bird breasting a Thus was Appenzeller the pioneer storm, giving way here, lowering of education in the Land of Morning flight there, rising and falling, yet Calm. From the first he took broad finally, despite opposing winds, vIews of mental discipline and culreaching the nest? So it was in I885. ture. Knowing well how science At last rest was found in the capital.

A KOREAN HOUSE CONVERTED INTO A MISSWNARY"S HOME helps to put the devils on the run, with an invisible weight of chains. he was eager to convert the terror- The bondage of official oppression breeding, imaginary population of the and a systematic cruelty that caricaair into harmless fairies. "Appie" tured government, obsessed the men. cared little for mere erudition un- Terrors in the air, overpopulated with hallowed by the spirit of Christ, or imaginary and malignant personalities for empty logomachy. "Foster," said and bestialities, mentally paralyzed his work-fellow, the novelist, "did the women. Horrible and disgustnot care a rap for theological hair- ing customs, caked and crusted upon splitting. What he wanted was the millions, were revealed to the bold old Gospel, in which he believed were explorer. The nastiness of old Kohidden all the treasures of wisdom rean materia medica seems incredible. and knowledge." We have called this "triumphant Quickly the full vistas of the great Pennsylvanian" an explorer. This uninvaded realms of disease, want, he was. He spied out the land Oll superstition, degradation, sin, vice horseback, through thousands of miles and misery unrolled before the new- of country. To the eye of observacomer, yet not to daunt, but to lure tion he added the insight of reflecto action. "Be of g08d cheer. I tion. He searched into the annals of have overcome of the world," were a land which, lying between two the words that rang in his ears and rival and often hostile countries, had fired his heart. Worlds upon worlds been devastated again and again by of contagion, infection, vileness and Chinese hordes and Japanese dr:nies. fear were crushing millions of souls In times past, Korea has been 51)

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

THE MAIN STREET IN SEOUL.. THE CAPITAL OF KOREA (CHOSEN) scraped and scooped of its works of have long ago hidden the ruins of art and invention as to seem to the cloisters, fanes, towns and cities. In traveler of to-day to contradict, by 1392, after one of the political revoits nakedness, the abundant witness lutions which placed in power the of written history as to the splendor recent dynasty-now happily wiped of its former garments of prosperity out forever-the popular religion was during its age of art and adornment, banned and curst. Then Confucianin the thousand glorious years of ism-the monopolistic cult of office- Buddhism. holders-tightened its anaconda grip, even to the throttling of popular "Glorious?" Yes. In epitome, the rights. The masses were left withhistory of the "Little Outpost State," out shepherds or teachers, to sink as the natives called their country to the nadir of fetishism and demon when a tributary vassal to China worship, with all their degradations. and prostrate under the shadow of the Middle Kingdom, is this. Out An army of nobles and office-holdof primitive savagery, three warring ers, who hated work as they feared kingdoms arose about the Christian tigers, lived on the public crib. Like era. Into the peninsula Buddhism vampires, they sucked the blood of came as a civilizing power. It up- the common people, making it imlifted the people above beast worship possible for the toilers to save money and covered the landscape with mon- or accumulate wealth. Added to civic asteries, temples and colossal stone oppression was the further incubus images (miryek). These still rise of one hundred thousand sorcerers, above the tall trees of forests that fortune-tellers, and geomancers of

both sexes. Like a glacier, they open ground under trees and on the ground and crusht humanity. No grassy inner slope of the city wa!lshouse could be built, or seed sown, came in A.D. r885 the knights of or grave-site chosen without a heavy Jesus. Into the streets of Seoul, the mulct upon the people. Na sick or capital which were cesspools, full of dying person but must be tortured humps and holes and open sewers, or tormented by the noisy and costly or heaped up with slops and refuse, exorCIsms. As for the number of Christ-filled men and women came house fetishes, spirit posts and devil with cleansing for body and soul. sluines, village idols of carved logs, Open house and a Christian home AN EARLY AMERICAN MISSION SCHOOL, SEOUL they were uncounted. If once loaded made a magnetic center of light and on freight trains, they could not be joy. In a chairless and bedsteadless hauled, even by an "Atlantic" type land, with logs of wood for pillows, of locomotive. Korea needed a spiri- or occasionally a stone, a Christian tual dynamite. home was an oasis. What if the welcomed women visitors, in their Into such a world- the men domi- delight at being raised up so high, nated by feng-shuey and by ancestor- perched on the backs instead of ocworship, which, with all its merits, is cupying the seats of the chairs? What yet the fruitful patent of debaucheries if pet dogs disappeared in the native and immoralities as yet uncounted by soup kettles? Some Americans, in any census; the women imprisoned their zeal, determined "to live like as in a demon-haunted dungeon of the natives." Yet even green misfear; the slaves, mostly female, sionaries soon learn veteran's wistreated when ill little better than pa- dom. These lovers of native fare riah dogs; the sick of contagious changed their rations when they saw, disease, exposed by thousands in the

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

cation of native work, in new ideas and in habits of promptness and new theories of light and ventilation. How the average Korean lives in such scantiness of sleeping area, on so slight a ration of oxygen, and amid such microscopic armies, ever on the jump, the crawl, or the fiy, with chronic eagerness to feast on alien blood, so that the exclusive use of one's own cuticle is an impossibility, passes the power of an American, used to linen sheets, to conceive. One felt a sympathy for sardines, to see the natives packed in the steam and foul air of little cubicles in the inns.

Nevertheless, as "the white lotus springs out of the black mire," so eho-sen is the land of glistening starch and of gentle manners. Daily, ont of hovels, gentlemen in 5now- GOIN G HOME FROM CHURCH The Basket Hat of Young ,Vornen in Korea- a Preventive Against Flirting stretched on the thatch to dry, the A KOREAN ATONEMENT OFFERING bides of the faithful Fidos, which. transmuted into soup, had "entered This image of straw is stuffed with a few coins the ministry." and cast out on New Year's Eve as an offering to evil spirits. What if codes, of ethics, of manners, and of diet, oceanically apart in· their evolution, clashed? "Appie" was imperturbable in his sunny, allconquering good nature. The love of Christ in him overcame his disgusts. It did rouse his ire to see women so abused and despised, even by the lofty native Pharisees. For lack of bridges, female travelers were often compelled to cross rivers in a way to make men point and guffaw.

Soon, as superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, he had a brick building for the school. By no means contemptible was the edu-

white garments emerge. However, assurance of faith, kept the elements as for the alleged relation of the tint in him well mixed; yet very rich in of average clothes of the common him was God's gift of a sense of folks to that of snowflakes, the state- humor. The lazy missionary, of either ment must be made mainly in the sex, "too fond of rocking-chairs"- aorist tense or historical present. there were such-the female crank They were white once. of uncertain age, too free in her public use of safety-pins to reform On itinerant journeys, or at home A SELF-SUPPORTING COUNTRY CHURCH FORTY MILES FROM PY ENG YANG in the daily routine of the study, woman 's costume and to humble those school, parish or pulpit, in mastering who were proud of their freely exthe lang uage, in visiting the sick, posed badges of motherhood, the comforting prisoners, helping the dy- flaming fanatic who was abusive of ing, inspiring the living, or preaching mission boards and all organizations the Word, Appenzeller was ever a -there were such-the proud heafilled motor. He was a son of con- then, the vile glutton, the sensual solation. Early in his laborious ca- brutes, the wife-beater and mutilator, reer we read in his letters abundant the conceived idolater, were all foiled signs of promise and continual words by "Appie's" wit, energy, example, of cheer. and imperturbable good humor.

Incessant industry, system, prayer, Nevertheless, it was not wholly and a good wife, a happy home, sym- safe to trifle with the Pennsylvanian, pathetic brethren, and, not least, the whose "Dutch" rose to the occasion.

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

WHO WILL ASIC ARE KOREANS WORTH SAVING? Episcopal Mission he showed him- self a first-rate business man, giving When lazy or impudent coolies passed Korea invaluable lessons. the limit of patience, or brutal bullies thought to overawe, or even alleged On Easter Sunday, 1887, as he royal messengers or presuming diplo- wrote, "I baptized a young Japanese, mats attempted to ride roughshod the first [Protestant] baptism in Koover th e rights of an American citi- rea. It was a joyous event. We zen, it was found, when it seemed hope to report soon the baptism of best to maintain these rights, that Koreans. "lvVe are carefully sowing Appenzeller could "do more than and the harvest will corne." In midpreach." summer, July 24th, the same year, he baptized his first Korean convert, In times of plague, pestilence and and on October 2d, another. Then battle, shut up in the insalubrious the Lord's Supper was enjoyed. Be- Seoul of old day s, or abroad, or on sides thus founding the first church horseback, as evangelist, preacher, (of the Methodist order), he began starter of printing-plant or book- the rearing of an edifice to hOL1se the store, or as Bible translator, Appen- growing congregation-the first Protzeller was a man of prayer and hope. estant foreign church building in Ko- Richly emotional, he was level-headed rea, which was, and is, an ornament and a man of supreme self-control. In to the city of Seoul. "The Vanguard"-a splendidly successful story of mi ssiona ry life, our To this "beginner of a better time," subject is depicted under the name possibly more than to any other one of "Foster." Other literary penmen man, belongs the credit of starting have depicted him in their sketches. The very poverty of Korea made CH lLD:REN ARJ:: CHILDREN 1'N XOREA ALSO him strenuous, from the fir st, in t raining the natives in self-support. As superintendent of the Methodist

most of the organizations for the Korean Asiatic Society was founded benefit of the foreign residents in the and Appenzeller acted as librarian. capital. None understood better than It was like breaching the walJs of a he the laws of the human mission- fortress with artillery to get a cemeary's economy and the conservation tery in which to lay the first and of his force. To continue in the quickly multiplying foreign victims of highest state of efficiency, the stran- local typhus, but finally a place for ger in a strange land, civilization and the dead was secured-"Our Macclimate, must have recreation in the phelah by the river," he called it. Ap- A KOREAN IRON FOUNDRY. LABOR MADE HONORA BLE BY MISSIONARY EFFORT ways of home to prevent nostalgia. penzelJer led in this strenuous effort Appenzeller led in establishlllg the and served for years as treasurer of Union Church, acted as its pastor, the corporation. The last lingering and opened his school for its services. terrors of the natives fled when the rifles of the Russian marines, that To secure physical stamina, con- fired a salute over the corpse of a stant efficiency, and mental stimulus, comrade, "shot away the demons." he and others formed the Seoul Union, where reading, conversation, He acted as custodian of the tennis, and outdoor games could be Methodist Episcopal Sunday-school enjoyed. He was a leading spirit in Union and Tract Society, himself organizing picnics amid the grand writing, translating and publishing forests and inspiring scenery of the many of these brief Gospel messages mountains. To investigate the his- to the people-serving for years as tory, customs and life of the Korean president. He started and for four people, in order best to understand, years edited the weekly (Methodist approach, teach and win them, the Episcopal) Korean Christian Advo-

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

cate. The Methodist Publishing How that light-giving Word starts House, destined to wide usefulness, the devils on the run, makes homes was founded in r888. It became an that were once habitations of cruelty industrial school for boys, while Ko- and fear the abodes of peace and joy, rea's great need-the honorableness creates a highway of holiness and of work-was taught by precept and furnishes an infallible tonic for the example. A bindery and book de- hearts and intellects for millions! Ficpository were soon added. If any- tion in statement, substance in fact A – CHRISTIAN FAMILY IN KOREA Four Generations-Mr. Hong ]fosksa, His -:v1other, '''life, Sons, Daughters-in-Law and Grandchildren thing, next to the Gospel, is needed is this snap-shot sentence from "The among the upper class natives to re- Vanguard": "Foster's hair grew construct Korea, it is the idea that gray, however, for however much the even manual work is noble. ringing laugh sounded out from the translating room, no one gave more Greatest of the monuments of Ap- heart and soul to this all important penzeller's labor is his work in trans- work." lating the New Testament. Vivid is the picture in ."The Vanguard," of For seventeen years God permitted the scholarly personalities, native and His joyous servant to excel not only alien, the texts consulted and the la- in the impartation of light and inbors of the makers of the Korean spiration to his fellows, but also in Version of the Word of God, now the gifts of manipulation and adstudied by over 200,000 eager Chris- justment. Appenzeller was "thoroughtians. ly furnished unto every good word

and work." In his iJume the first tence-"He saved others." In the white American child born in Korea little Japanese steamer, Kumagawa blest his life. "A little child shall M aru, he embarked to fulfil the calI lead them." None can tell how much of duty. At sea, on the foggy night good the Heavenly Father permitted of June II, about 85 miles from that baby unconsciously to do. Two Chemulpo and 10 miles from the other daughters and a son who, from shore, in a collision between two Princeton and Drew, following his steamers of the same line, it would father in this curriculum as in his have been easily possible to have chosen work-will, God willing, serve saved his own life. But, thinking his Master in the Korean field. also of others, he went first to arouse THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL MISSION COMPOUND AT KONG JU To orthodoxy of faith, Appenzeller his Korean teacher and a little native joined the orthopraxis of life. In girl under his care. The ship sunk the rush of activities, in the shock suddenly. His body found "a vast of battle with superstition and vice, and wandering grave." Yet, "to live his faith in God was ever serene and in hearts we leave behind is not to at times gently hilarious. He lived die." Korea keeps his name. The to see hospitals, trained nurses, words of T. De'Vitt Talmage's fachurches, crowds of inquirers, and vorite hymn pictures the saints' glothousands at the Lord's Table, with rioLls hereafter! promise of tens of thousands to come. "From the roaring surge they come. When at last the summons from Sinking in the ocean brine. his Captain came, the story of his manner and way of meeting Him face Jesus caught them from the flood. to face may be epitomized in a sen- Lo! How bright their garments shine Blanched in the Redeemer's blood."

TALBOT

A MISSIONARY WITH AN INTERNATIONAL MISSION BY DELAVAN LEONARD PIERSON ~I T was an impressive known save by Him whose Spirit has scene ~hen, fift~ years been bruised in the same contest, after careful consideration, and after . ago, 111 the CIty of seeking the Spirit of God as wisely as I could, I felt it was impossible Philadelphia, a young man came before the Methodist Episcopal for me to refuse. The only point Conference in the Union Church and at which I found any obstacle was in announced his readiness to go as a my aged and almost infirm parents.

missionary to India. In those days I asked' my father, and with that this was an unusual event. India stern, old, puritanical spirit, he said, seemed far removed from civiliza- 'My boy, go and do your duty, even tion' and work in that fever-laden tho you die in it.' Then my mother, climate, among men bitterly hostile with all a mother's tenderness, said, to Christ and his messengers, was a 'Oh, my boy, I had rather die with- heroic and difficult task. To-day, in out a crust than that you should neg- the twentieth century, when hundreds lect your duty.' Then I told Bishop are going on business and pleasure in Janes that I would go."

a comparatively short and comfort- Nearly fifty years later a white- able way, it is a very different mat- haired man of eighty, feeble in body ter. Bishop Janes, the presiding of- but still young in heart and active in ficer of the Conference, introduced mind, entered the church where an- the young Christian volunteer as John other Methodist Conference was in T. Gracey. In response the young session. It was at Rochester, New man, then thirty years of age, said York, in October, 1908, and Dr.

in a voice full of emotion: V{illiam V. Kelley was speaking.

"I am not certain, Bishop Janes, Suddenly, with a simultaneous im- that I can so get the mastery of my pulse, the whole Conference rose to feelings as to speak to the Confer- their feet to honor the aged servant ence. Ten years of sober deliberation of God who came down the aisle and judgment forced me to the con- leaning on the arm of his son. He clusion that I ought not, and that who was thus honored was the same I could not, without neglecting a who in his youth enlisted for India.

duty, refuse the call of the Church to Between these two impressive scenes serve them anywhere, even tho it many events had transpired to be the farthest spot on this earth. strengthen and deepen and broaden Without my seeking, and I believe the life of the man. His influence without any intimation, of anything had reached out into all the earth, in that direction at this time, Bishop and many were ready to rise up and Simpson called upon me a few days call him blessed. Few years were since and asked that I would consent granted him in India, but his call to go to India. After a struggle of back to the homeland was a sum- forty-eight hours, such as is not mons to still wider fields of service. AT THE AGE OF SEVENTY Preparation replete with living forms, busy and John Talbot Gracey came of old beautiful, but to none of them ex- Colonial Quaker ancestry, some of cept man is given the dignity of part- whom were associated with William nership with the Eternal in His stu- Penn in early Colonial days. His pendous schemes. Come what wiIl, mother's forefathers also included the question of my obligation to go early pioneers, who came to America in 1744 in search for liberty of con- science. They had bravely fought for national independence in the Colonial and Revolutionary wars. John was born in Philadelphia, September 16, ]83 I, and after a regular academic education became a student in medi- cine. He feIt, however, that there were more men able and willing to minister to the body than to the soul, and came to see that the spiritual ministries are eternal while the phys- ical are at best but temporal. He, therefore, left the study of physiology and anatomy for the study of the- ology and true psychology. His min- istry began in the Virginia Confer- ence of the Methodist Church (South) in 1850. Later he moved to the North and joined the Pennsylvania Conference, in which he labored for ANNiE RYDER GRACEY ten years.

In I8S7 he married Miss Annie at the command of the Church can Ryder, of Delaware, the daughter of never be questioned. I pray that I Rev. Wm. Ryder. She had become a may be able to make of my life one Christian in early life, and after com- perpetual missionary speech in India."

pleting her college education with Life and Work in India high honors, and teaching for four years in the college where she was With his young and noble wife the graduated, she cast her lot with that virile missionary set sail in June, of the young Methodist minister. 1861, on a sailing vessel with only Then came the call to India, to which fifteen sailors, laden with ice, and they so nobly responded. bound for Calcutta. From the In- In his farewell ·address in the dian Ocean, three months later, he Green Street Church, which assumed wrote : "We have had considerable his support, Mr. Gracey said: experience and considerable monotony "Heaven has come nearer already. in our voyage, which has been over In going to India we will be co- three months. It is a long time to workers with God. The world is be deprived of the privilege of hear-

ing fr0111 friends. In look- yond description. Our health is un- exceptionable, our spirits fine, and ing back I am surprized that we altogether we are as happy as the day is long. We have never for one should spend nearly four months in moment regretted our step; indeed, we are more and more convinced the trackless waste without accident, each day that it was the right course for us to pursue." altho we have passed through many They first settled in 5itapur, being terrible storms. Plato was once at the first white people to pass through the territory after the terrible Indian sea, and on returning, was asked by mutiny a few years previous.

some one to tell them the greatest Five months from the day he set foot in Calcutta, Mr. Gracey preached wonder of the deep he had seen; his a sermon in Hindustani in the Ba- zaar. Most of the missionaries do reply was, 'The greatest wonder is, not attempt to do this until after having been in the country for over that from the sea to the shore I ar- a year.

rived safely.' Rev. William VV. Hicks, one of his early colaborers and companion on "Our route took us very near the many a jungle tour and bazaar preaching experience, writes: coast of Brazil. After leaving the "When Dr. Gracey arrived in India southeast trade-winds we made he found the harvest was great and ripe, but the laborers were few. There straight for the Cape of Good Hope. was William Butler, our leader, the brave, impulsive, enthusiastic-an em- During one storm the captain deemed bodied hope. There was James M. Thoburn, who had just arrived, small it expedient to 'heave the ship to,' in stature but big in every other way, full of the foretaste of triumph. or, in the language of 5t. Paul, 'when There was Humphrey and his deli- cate helpmeet-the sweet poet of our we could not bear up into the wind, little band. There was Parker, the fearless torch-bearer into the dismal we let her drive.' All sail was habitations of ignorance and cruelty. There was Waugh, the plodding stutaken in, the wheel lasht, as the men dent, modest, grave and ever under- valuing himself and his labors. could not guide it any longer. We Last of all, there was the beloved John T. Gracey, with whom I travdrifted about wherever winds and eled, prayed, studied, wept, hoped, suffered and wrought. waves carried us. Everything was In making the Gospel Message done that man could do, and we were known in school and bazaar, Gracey at the mercy of Providence for more than two days. Vve have read his- tory, biography, poetry, etc. We have had times of joy and times of home- sickness and weeping; this we can't help, for our hearts will long for those who are thousands of miles away."

Later, in December, 1861, he writes from India: "It seemed like begin- ning a new existence when we left the old ship and stept upon the shore in Calcutta. What a new creation burst upon us! As we traveled up country we went 600 miles in only eight days by horse dak, day and night. We stopt during the heat of the day and changed horses every four miles. The country through which we traveled was beautiful be-

was very active and very successful. food to the hungry, or medicine to Ve used to go out early in the morn- the sick. We found that in the hour ing to a near-by village, and under of death kind, Christly words were as friendly trees or in a small bazaar welcome to Hindu as to Christian large crowds would gather, sit on ears. the soft, warm earth, and listen to the story we loved to tell. Often we "Hardships there were, which do would be interrupted by the inquiry not now beset the missionary's way. of an aged man or a little boy. Once, 11any stones have been removed when we visited one of these villages, which we could not even budge in Gracey told the story of the Prodigal those days, altho we lacked not faith Son, and awakened great interest for or courage. We were but humble some of the listeners knew the Hindu pioneers, and we wrought with what story of a prodigal son who was wisdom and strength we had, looking found in rags and inherited his forward and upward to the glory that father's great wealth. We could see was to come." the faces brighten as the speaker told of the loving yearning of the Heav- Mr. and Mrs. Gracey subsequently enly Father for his prodigal sons and settled in Bareilly, and then in N aini daughters. Tal. In May, 1867, he made a jour- ney on foot with two or three of the "'Why does not our Father Him- other missionaries into the interior .self come?' asked a grandfather who of the mountains. They took their stood near by with his two grandsons own tent, horses, servants and food. by his side. At night, after marching about fif- teen miles a day, they camped out, "Then came the opportunity to tell sleeping on the ground. them that He had indeed come in the person of His well-beloved Son, and Mr. Gracey was the first secretary had told the Father's love for us and of the Methodist Indian Conference, had showed it by His life and death. and in 1867 became the president.

"'Tell us another story, sahib,' Of these events James M. Thopiped the old grandfather, and in re- burn, then one of his colleagues in sponse we told them of the woman's India, now the honored bishop, lost piece of silver, and gave the writes: meaning. "At the first Conference Mr. Gra- "After the meeting was over the cey was elected secretary, and marked old man brought his two grandsons out the line of procedure which has that we might pray over them and been followed ever since. He was place our hands on their heads in afterward the first missionary elected blessing. Tears flowed while we did president in the absence of a bishop, so. and proved himself well qualified for the post. Later, in 1868, he was "In many places we found lepers, elected to the Methodist Conference or consumptives, or other men and in America, so that he had the diswomen and children starving by the tinction of being the first delegate roadside. To these Gracey was al- sent from India to the General Conways a good Samaritan, dropping a ference of the Church. At that ascoin into the leper's bowl, giving sembly he acquitted himself with

honor, and secured for India the per- ester, Syracuse and Buffalo he served manent right of representation. several churches, and was for one term "But he was not strong enough presiding elder.

physically for work in India, and In 1876-77 Dr. Gracey visited the as Mrs. Gracey was in poor health, missions in yVest Africa, coasting they were advised to take up work in along the shores for some 2,000 miles America instead of returning to their on his tour of investigation of the chosen field." Methodist missions. On his way home Dr. T. J. Scott, another of the he visited France and Spain. Dr.

early Methodist missionaries to In- Gracey's editorial work was extensive, dia, writes of Dr. Gracey: "He was not only in the periodicals of his own a very companionable man, and his denomination! but in wider fields. A home in India was wide open to hos- small handbook on China, a mission- pitality when, anon, we turned up ary guide-book, and several other dusty and jaded from our travel by volumes came from his pen. In 1883 'coolie' or 'dak-gari.' Nothing was he organized the International Mis- too much trouble for him and his sionary Union, composed of all those wife to do for his friends. Their who had served a term on foreign house was at once a parsonage and fields. Dr. T. J. Scott calls it "The a sanatorium. Great Campfire of the World." This "Dr. Gracey's ample brain, ready has now I,500 members, whose object speech, and facile pen during seven is to promote missionary fellowship years in India made him a potent and to increase missionary interest factor in laying broad and deep foun- and effectiveness. For nearly thirty dations for the Methodist mission years Dr. Gracey was the genial there." president, by his tact and good cheer, So it was that, after less than seven his wit and wisdom, guiding the or- years' labor in India, Mr. and Mrs. ganization and winning the coopera- Gracey were obliged to give up and tion of strong men and women.

enter again into work at home. When the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF For two years after his return to THE WORLD was transferred to Dr.

America Mr. Gracey was in the em- Arthur T. Pierson in 1888, Dr. Gra- ploy of the Missionary Society of his cey became one of the associate edi- church, spending much time in speak- tors, and continued to render effect- ing and writing in the interest of ive service in world-wide interna- miSSIonS. For one year he was pro- tional and interdenominational circles fessor of historical theology in Drew for over twenty years. Dr. Gracey Theological Seminary, and won an was invited to speak at the World enviable reputation as a scholar and Missionary Conference in London in thinker, and as an able orator on I888, and again rendered valuable pUlpit and platform. aid in guiding the intricate business In 1872 he was transferred from of the Great Ecumenical Conference the Philadelphia Conference to that in New York twelve years later.

of Central New York (the Genesee About eight years ago, at the age Conference), of which he remained of seventy-two, Dr. Gracey suf- a member until his death. In Roch- fered from an apoplectic stroke, which

TALBOT GRACEY

would have caused most men to give see and voice the need for woman's up the battle of life, but which only work for woman in heathen lands.

partially incapacitated this faithful "'hen they were compelled to return warrior. His mind was still active to America she promptly identified and his heart was young, so that he herself with the newly formed "Wom- surrendered only so far as it was an's Foreign :Missionary Society,"

absolutely necessary. and later for twenty-three years was In 1901, with characteristic hU111or, corresponding secretary of the Board.

he sent to the writer a newspaper clip- Mrs. Gracey was an able writer, ping which he deemed over-generous, speaker, and organizer, and rendered and entitled it "Gracey's Obituary." very important service on the litera- This tribute, from the first Methodist tme committee of her own Church Church in Rochester, shows that this and on the Woman's United Mission prophet was held in honor in his own Study Committee. She pays a tri- country. It says in part: bute to woman's work, and records "As a speaker and writer on mis- its importance as author of a book sions he has come to stand for the on "Eminent Missionary Women.'

best in this greatest of Christian en- In the home Mrs. Gracey was first terprises. Nobly seconded by his de- of all a devoted wife and mother.

voted wife, who wields a pen not Outside duties did not cause her to second to his own, they are jointly neglect these. One who knew her doing a great work for the Master. well quotes as true of her the words Dr. Gracey is in great demand as a of King Lemuel, the prophecy that lecturer on all phases of the mission- his mother taught him: "She looketh ary question and on ethnic religions. well to the ways of her household "He is worthy of the highest trib- and eateth not the bread of idleness.

ute that can be paid either to his dis- Her children rise up and call her tinguished ability or to his honored blessed; her husband, he also praiseth career but for those of us who know her."

him it # is, after all, the man and Four years ago, in February, 1908, friend that we love. His genial na- almost on the eve of their golden ture, true friendship, and his fellow- wedding anniversary, Mrs. Gracey ship with God cause a great host to was suddenly called home, and left pray that for many years 'his bow her husband, son, and two daughters may abide in strength.' " sadly stricken. Dr. and Mrs. Gracey Not long after this notice appeared 110t only devoted themselves, but gave in reference to himself, Dr. Gracey their substance and brought up their also sent us a clipping (February, family to the work of God. The son, 1902), marked, "Mrs. Gracey's Obit- V. A. Gracey, is editor of the Geneva uary-but not dead yet, thank God." Daily Times; one daughter, Lilly Under her photograph he had marked Ryder Gracey, has had wide experi- in his characteristically clear hand, ence as a newspaper writer, and an- "Isn't she lovely?" She sympathized other daughter, Frances Ida Gracey, with her husband in his ideals and was an invalid for many years, but always actively joined him in his was widely known for her beautiful work. She was one of the first to character and heroic nature. She also

succeeded in many ways in promoting Speaking at the meeting in prepa.

the cause of missions, and from her ration for the Ecumenical Conference room in the sanatorium at Clifton in 1900, he emphasized the great Springs, for two years she conducted advantage of a world-wide vision on a campaign to raise $5,000 for a the one hand, and increased solidar- hospital for cripples in China. Soon ity of Christian forces on the other.

after her father's decease she, too, He said in part: went to join her beloved parents, but "As separate bodies we have been before her departure had nearly com- too much studying the origin of spe- pleted the desired sum. cies, until we are saturated more or The large labors and high ideals less with our denominationalism. All appealed to Dr. Gracey. His was no these denominations represent his- small-caliber task. He was peculiarly tory, and each stands for an idea.

fitted by education and by tempera- Methodists can do some things bet- ment for the great work of winning ter than Presbyterians; Presbyterians the world to Christ. His labors were can do some things better than Bap- not confined to his own city or de- tists; Baptists can do some things nomination, but to the world, and he better than Episcopalians. We want served all classes and all churches. to find out without sacrificing any of He was optimistic and energetic, and our individuality the mighty idea the greatest hardship he was called back of that denominationalism, so upon to bear, next to the separation that we may adjust these into a from his beloved wife, was enforced mighty solidarity. After Magenta inactivity in the Master's service. the army of France and Italy had to His was a singularly rounded char- march through a great forest of low acter, and while he conceived and trees. The men could not see each exprest great ideas, he gave vent to other; only a few hundreds on either playful but never irreverent humor. side and they were deprest. Then they On one occasion, at a meeting of deployed out into the great plain, the International Missionary Union and hundreds and thousands and tens at Clifton Springs, he spoke earnestly of thousands of them were put into in favor of "Church Union," espe- line of battle, and as their bayonets cially in missionary work. It was bristled in the sun, they gathered before the movement had become mighty courage. They were just as popular. He said: near to each other an hour before.

"This is a great work in which There were just as many of them, we are engaged, and little differences but they did not feel the thrill and must be set aside. We need closer inspiration of the mighty multitude.

union and more perfect cooperation The next day was Solferino! So I if we are to win this world to our think we will get closer together and Lord and Master. We already have begin to ask what there is that we something of this union and coopera- can do, not in divisions only, but as tion. We Methodists draw the poor a solid army."

sinners out of the mud, the Baptists Dr. Gracey died in Gifton Springs, wash .them, the Presbyterians 'blue' N. Y., on January 5th, last, after them, the Episcopalians starch them." a long and tedious iIlness. His

1:2] JOHN TALBOT GRACEY 29

funeral services were attemled by Dr. William V. Kelley, ellitor of many who honored him highly, ami the Methodist Review, also paid a appreciative words were spoken. Dr. loving tribute when he said: Ward Platt, secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Mis- "I have come close to him in the sions, said: unofficial years of his life, when he was not busy with a multitude of "To meet this man was to be stimu- things, not girded like a soldier, but lated from the first even to the last at ease and simply himself, with all of the interview. To enter that home his thought and all his heart given to in Rochester, where every member you as you sat down beside him, in was wedded to a world purpose, was the simplicity of his personality apart to be lifted out of a rut and launched from all official offices or activities of in an orbit. life. From the first time I saw this man until now there has been some- "He was a prodigious worker, and thing gallant in him. He took his yet he was bound by no regular rules wounds like a soldier. He was chivof labor. It might be at any night alric, princely in nature; courtesy hour or any time of day that he took was inborn, and he had a delicate up his tasks, and yet it was by a deference to others. He was a splenmethod so overpowering that you did optimist. He dared to believe just wondered at the quantity and the his religion and to venture upon it quality of the literary productions. in confidence and faith.

"He was a true representative of "The buoyancy of the man was the 'Holy Catholic Church,' and in very delightful, and so we would rethe last essence a Methodist. Method- member his laughter. He filled life ism could have no better defender with laughter. One of the things I of its beliefs and of' its spirit, and can not help remembering him by yet he was far more. He was at one was that magnetic laugh, so explosive with every circle which was at home at times. with Jesus Christ! Two Presbyterian ministers in Rochester were wont to "In his last days of illness I found speak of him as their assistant pastor, him one night deprest, and I could so often had he ministered to their not understand exactly what he was congregation." trying to say. I said, 'Say that over again, please.' 'Be calm, and sink Rev. J. Sumner Stone, D.D., of into His will,' he said;' 'my mother's hymn.' It was a part of the hymn: N ew York, spoke from long personal acquaintance when he said: "Who fed thee last, will feed thee stilI, "Dr. Gracey left behind him what Be calm and sink into His will." seems to be a cloud of glory, as illustrated in the transformed lives of Thus passed from the realm of toil men and women who came in contact and suffering to the realm of rest and with him-a life like a ship leaving glory, this servant of God. After behind a silvery streak in the ocean. eighty years, his soul took flight as he laid his armor down and wel- "In Dr. Gracey's life sacrifice was comed the passing over the river that a broken alabaster box-a shattered he might rejoin his beloved wife in shell left, but the fragrance will go the presence of his King. on down through the ages."

A NATIVE VIEW OF INDIA'S EVANGELIZATION *

BY MR. P. O. PHILIP, B.A. lIi~sionary of the National lIissionary Society. Karwar, Canara.

( gT HE evangelization ofr~J our countrymen are by no means les:: India-this is a phrase remarkable. which so.unds familiar Witness, for instance, the new enough III our ears j movement which goes by the name of neo-Hinduism-the Arya Samaj but it conveys to most of our minds nothing in northern India, the Brahmo Sa- more than ideas akin maj, Prarthana Samaj and other to those aroused by the thought of similar Samajams in eastern and an unrealizable ambition or a pious western India, and theosophy in hope. Are not the leaders of our southern India-all these are evimissionary societies entertaining vis- dences of the prevailing dissatisfacionary ideas in hoping that India tion of the educated Hindus with will ultimately become an integral popular Hinduism. part of the kingdom of Christ? What The antichristian attitudes these is the actual situation? Are our movements generally assume show fears justified by a survey of the past that they are conscious that the citaachievements and the present work- del of Hinduism is in danger. The ing of the Christian forces in this methods of imitation they adopt in great nonchristian land? Have we their work and the way in which they sufficiently taken into account all the read noble Christian truths into the resources that are within our reach confessedly immoral stories of their for this great work? What part have Puranas and Shastras show further we Indian Christians as individuals that Christianity is the cause of this and as a Church in this work of religious awakening. "We have in enthroning Jesus Christ in the hearts Hinduism all that your boasted Chrisof the millions of our fellow coun- tianity can give us, and a great deal more"-this is the position that is trymen? fast taking foot in the minds of the educated Hindus as the result of It can no longer be said of modern these new movements. India, as was once the case, that she is unmoved by the new forces of re- It is certain that neo-Hinduism will ligion and civilization that are oper- be the greatest opponent of Chrisating upon her. The hackneyed tianity in India in the near future. lines: The movement is yet young, not even thirty years old, and confined to the She let the legions thunder past, upper classes, but in future years, And plunged in thought again, are no longer true of the modern with the advancement of education, conditions of our land. We need not the large middle-class population will at present stop to consider the re- also be brought within its sweep j markable changes that have taken and great will be the proportions as- place in the space of the last seventy- sumed by this antichristian movement.

five years in the social, intellectual Hard and long will be the struggle, and moral outlook of the Hindu. but there can be no doubt as to the They are of importance to us only ultimate result, if only we maintain in so far as they show beyond a our privileged position as faithful doubt that the protective armor of and intelligent fellow workers with Hinduism has been pierced, and God.

pierced beyond recovery. But the There are already signs of life in changes in the domain of religion, the dry bones of India's missions as such, that have taken place in the which are full of hope. I do not last twenty or thirty-five years among want to appeal to statistics for the * From The Bomooy Guardian. Part of an address given at the Y. M. C. A. Students' Camp, Pallavaram, near Madras. obvious reason that the results of the Lord talked with him and commis- secret working and the actual growth sioned him to bear witness to small of the Kingdom in any country can and great of the Gospel of His grace.

not be tabulated in figures. I would, Nor is there any reason why we on the other hand, try to focus your should doubt his testimony, for noth- attention on certain facts which to ing short of a heavenly vision can my mind are more convincing than account for the great change that any amount of statistics. The mighty has t<.ken place in him. For four spiritual revivals and the wonderful years and more he has lived a con- cases of individual conversion we sistent and fearless Christian life in meet with in different parts of the the regiment. Sometimes he visited country are sure signs of the work- his English officers in their tents, and ing of the Spirit of God. The recent after a smart salute, has knelt down revival in the Khassia Hills, As- and prayed in Hindi and immediately sam, led to the conversion of thou- departed. On one occasion he was sands and to the quickening of the rebuking his comrades of sin and Church all over the land. Such re- they caught him by the ear and vivals show that when God begins to dragged him for a distance of two work, the most serious difficulties miles along the road. He went to which we in our limited and blurred the hospital for some weeks in con- vision are accustomed to look upon sequence of this cruelty, and it was as big mountains are overcome in a found that some of his aural nerves moment. So also the accounts of in- were permanently injured. But he dividual conversion under the most rejoiced to be counted worthy to suf- unexpected and, humanly speaking, fer for Christ's sake, and when asked the most impossible conditions which to disclose the names of his perse- we meet with in the annals of many cutors he refused. To-day he is of our missionary societies show that spending his hard-earned holiday Christ is as truly working in our preaching the Gospel in Nepal, his land to-day as in any other land or native country, a land which is closed in any other age. Yes, He is the to Christian missionaries. "I have same yesterday, to-day, and forever, known him for four years and I have whether in Asia or in Europe, in In- not met a more simple-hearted, brave dia or in Korea. and enthusiastic disciple of the Mas- The Story of Guman Singh ter"-such is the testimony which a well-known English worker gives of In the year 1905, during the great him. Christ has begun His good and revival of spiritual life among the gracious work in our land and His Khassia people there was quartered kingdom is making headway in India in Shillong, the capital of the Khas- in ways and manners we do not al- sia Hills, a Gurkha regiment. There ways know. Let us, therefore, be was a bandsman in this regiment, confident of this very thing that "He Guman Singh by name, who had pre- which hath begun a good work in viously known nothing of Christ or us will perform it until the day of Christianity. During the time of the Jesus Christ."

wonderful revival he felt an irre- Have we sufficiently taken into ac- sistible impulse to go to the church count the resources that are within where many were assembled day and our reach for the accomplishment of night, and where God was doing this great work?

marvelous things. He understood I would now try to direct your nothing of the Khassia language, but thoughts to the greatest of all our he is to-day a humble believer in resources, to the living God, domi- Christ. He attributes his conversion nating, possessing and using all fac- to an independent revelation of the tors and influences to work out His person of Christ. He affirms that the eternal purposes concerning our land.

No lesson of missionary experience sionary enterprise in our land so has been more fully, impressively and limited? Why is it that we find no convincingly taught than that apart large accessions to the Christian from the divine working all is inade- Church from the ranks of those who quate. Our well-organized mission- are most influenced by Christian ary societies, activities, methods and thought? Is it not because so many plans are of no avail if they are not Christians, let us say so many of us, inaugurated, directed and sustained fail to fulfil the conditions required by Him. "Except the Lord build for the forthputting of the divine the house they labor in vain that power? An ordinary steel cable, look- build it." It was the firm conviction ing like so many yards of twine, may in the practical availability of the il- lie idle in the bazaar. But you in- limitable resources of the Heavenly sulate it properly, and connect it with Father which enabled and still en- a dynamo, and it becomes the channel ables many a servant of God to dare for conveying the mysterious electric. and to do great things. in His name, current into its practically illimitable more than the need for money, more powers of lighting and driving ma- than the need for men, and more chinery. Two simple conditions, in- than the need for any of the re- sulation and perfect contact, make the sources which are, after all, of the whole difference. What we also want earth earthy, what we want to-day in to-day in our spiritual life is exactly our churches and mission fields is the same. We should be saved from the faith which will enable us to selfishness, insulated, as it were, draw largely from "the unsearchable against the inroads and suggestions riches of Christ." Adoniram Jud- of the world and self, and we should son, the apostle of Burma, in one of also preserve an unbroken connection the darkest periods of the history of with the abounding and never-failing missions, confronted by an almost source of superhuman power, the dyunbroken line of heathenism, and namo of our spiritual life, even Jesus without any trace of a hopeful fu- Christ the eternal Son of God. ture beyond, was able to write to the American Christians: "If they ask Now with regard to the first conwhat promise of ultimate success is dition. How could this insulation be here, tell them, 'as much as there is effected? By surrendering ourself, an almighty and faithful God who our whole life unconditionally to the will perform His promises and noth- Lord Jesus Christ. This is not an ing more.' " Yes, it is this superhuman easy thing to do. Christ Himself factor in the evangelization of India makes no attempt to conceal the difwhich should grip our souls. Elimi- ficulties of discipleship. He wants nate the supernatural from our mis- every would-be follower of His to sion work and the next moment the sit down and count the cost at the whole thing will reduce itself to the outset, so that it may not be said of level of a huge humanitarian social- him, "This man began to build and service movement and nothing more. was not able to finish." His words are very plain and quite uncompro- Causes of Limited Success mising. "If any man come to Me and hate not his father and mother We have seen that the situation in and wife and children and brothers India is, on the whole, one which and sisters, yea, and his own life also, should strengthen us in our confi- he can not be My disciple." "Whodences in the final victory of our soever he be of you that forsaketh Master. We have also seen that we not all that he hath, can not be My have in our Almighty Father all the disciple." "Except a corn of wheat resources necessary to meet and to fall to the ground and die it remainovercome the greatest difficulties. eth alone, but when it dies it yields Why, then, is the success of the mis- much fruit." Yes, following Christ

NEGLECTED FIELDS OF AMERICA

may mean to you and me the giving tudes of His devoted followers; if up of some of our cherished ambi- the longing of your heart is, as it is tions and dearest dreams. It may surely our Lord's, that India should mean bare subsistence allowance in- know the true God and Jesus Christ stead of sumptuous salaries and af- whom He has sent, and that speedfluent circumstances. It may mean ily you will consider no sacrifice too to some of you the painful experience great to make for the realization in of going right against the ideas and however small a measure of this most hopes with which those near and dear sacred of ambitions. As Indians, our to you have long been associating position is one of peculiar privilege your future career. All these are and opportunity. I love to think of real difficulties. But are we to be the day when different elements of frightened from taking the decisive the Indian Christian community, forstep by any or all of these difficulties? getting all their petty differences of The answer to this important ques- origin, organization and beliefs, will tion depends upon the extent to with the single-eyed purpose of winwhich the claims of the Master and ning India for Christ, send forth her the needs of the Kingdom have taken preachers and teachers and Christian hold of our minds. If your heart Sadhus to every village and town, beats in unison with that of the Mas- and thus hasten the coming of the ter, and with the hearts of the multi- Kingdom in India.

THE NEGLECTED FIELDS OF AMERICA* AN ACCOUNT OF THE SIGNIFICANT WESTERN CAMPAIGN OF THE SPECIAL DEPUTATION OF THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL BY Hl'llERT C. HERRING. ll.D. Secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary Society I lS]IX home mission secre- (4) How many of them are more taries, represer~tinl? as than four miles from church services many denom111ahons, recently completed a held in a language which they can tour of thirteen West- understand?

(5) What amount of home mis- ern States, arranging sion money is expended for each or- in each State for a sur- ganization in each place? vey of religious conditions, school district by district, throughout the (6) What communities, speaking what languages, are without religious care? whole territory. This step has been (7) What undenominational, retaken bv the Home Missions Council ligious and social agencies are at because- of its growing sense of the work, or should be at work, etc.? need of closer cooperation and of In at least one of the States under facts upon which to base that co- review there are as many as 8,500 operation. school districts. When it is remem- The survey sought answer to such bered with what great reluctance the questions as these: average human being addrest him- (I) What nationalities, what self to the task of filling out a blank, churches, what pastors in a given it will be seen that the State comcommunity? mittees have undertaken no small (2) How many people in that com- task. It is not expected that the remunity? turns will all be in before July I, (3) Speaking what tongues? 1912. The results of the survey will * Condensed from Missio1"IS.

make the most significant home mIs- ficult by the same causes which have sion document ever published. produced it, viz., lack of money ade- quate to maintain work in a com- Lack of Religious Privileges munity unable or unwilling to do much for itself, and lack of ministers In every conference there was capable of succeeding in the country strong testimony on this point. Par- and willing to go there. But a way ticularly in the States where frontier must be found, whatever the difficonditions are largely in the past, culties. such as Nebraska, Kansas and southern Minnesota, it was found that Workers in Exceptional Vocations scores of communities of considerable size are separated from church Most prominent are the unmet services by a distance which is prac- needs of the lumbermen. In Wistically prohibitory. In addition are consin, Minnesota, Idaho and Washhundreds of scarcely less destitute ington a population of several hunrural communities, which are de- dred thousand are directly dependent pendent on the irregular service of upon the lumber industry. A large a non-resident minister, too often ill- percentage are single men, or men equipped. This condition is made the separated from their families for long more serious because of the polyglot periods. The conditions of labor precharacter of the population. Families vent permanent residence, and often and neighborhoods, speaking one are directly promotive of vicioLls language, are surrounded by the habits. The "lumber jack" is prolarger community, speaking another, verbially thriftless and reckless when and are unable either to provide a not something worse. A lumber town church of their own or to share that is crude, and its population fluctuaof their neighbors. Then, too, sec- ting. It, therefore, naturally results tarian traditions, and particularly the that religious work is carried on, gulf between Catholics and Protes- whether in camp or town, against tants, further complicate the case. As great odds and with little visible outa result of it all, there is beyond come. The bulk of the lumbermen doubt a wide-spread and ominous in camp are under no religious influfailure of organized Christianity to ence. The sawmill towns are often reach the scattered dwellers on West- but little better. Here, as in so ern farms. The home mission boards many vocations, the producers who have upon them no obligation so are nearest nature's sources are less pressing as this. privileged than those farther away.

This does not mean that the aggre- The home mission boards are not gate of rural churches in the West likely to be able to meet this need in is small. In Kansas, for instance, at adequate degree. The cost is so great, least one-fifth of the evangelical and the type of worker required so churches are in the open country, rare, that only a limited expectation away from the railroad. Add to these of enlarging present work can be the churches in small towns, essen- indulged. The ideal solution of the tially rural in their constituency, and problem would be a "Lumbermen's the total is large. But the areas are Mission" carried on under joint auso vast, and the population so pre- spices of the denominational boards dominantly agricultural, that a great and the Y. M. C. A. portion is still unreached. Children grow from infancy to majority with- Of similar sort are the unmet out Gospel influences, save as a needs among miners. These are less limping and intermittent Sunday- pronounced so far as lack of church school and a rare sermon bring Christ privileges is concerned. As to the to their thoughts. The effort to cor- amount of indifference and godlessrect this condition will be made dif- ness, presumably there is not much difference. In great mining centers,

like the Cripple Creek District, the in a town is not a conclusive indica- Cocur d'Alene, and the Black Hills, tion of the facts. The Western boom are many churches. But their task spirit, which sees a coming metropolis is hard and their hold small. The in every hamlet, has naturally crowded great need is such equipment and forward church building enterprises.

leadership as shall enable them to em- Add to this the fact that the coolest phasize the social side of the minis- and most experienced are liable to try. In smaller outlying camps are misjudge the future in a region often no churches at all, or else where population is so fluid and its buildings with no preachers. The elements so liable to change, and you proposed survey will render an in- have another cause of overbuilding.

valuable service by furnishing a com- Then the multiplicity of tongues and prehensive view of the whole situa- the strong tendency of the Teutonic tion in mining towns. peoples toward sectarian subdivisions Here and there, in the round of has contributed to the situation.

conferences, many glimpses were had One can easily get a mental pic- of groups of foreigners without .or- ture of a town of a thousand people, ganized Christian effort, Greek, Japa- with two English-speaking Protestant nese, Chinese, Spanish. In one pain- churches, a Catholic church, two ful and reproachful case a commu- Swedish churches of different sects, a nity of 3,000 Finns was found to German church and a Norwegian have no vestige of religious work church, making a total of seven- among them. In most of these cases patently too many and yet perfectly it should be possible to supply the explainable. The English churches present lack. were built before it could be known Overchurching that the place would become so large- This question was earnestly dis- ly foreign-speaking. The foreign cust. So great, however, ·was the churches were organized to meet the difficulty of agreeing upon a defini- demand for the mother tongue, and tion, and so divergent were the judg- duplicated in one nationality or more ments of workers as to actual condi- because of irreconcilable antagonisms tions, that no comprehensive state- springing out of the past. Not every ments can be made until prolonged case, however, is so simple. Fre- study has been given to more ample quently the English-speaking churches data. That there is overchurching, have multiplied through mere secta- of course, goes without saying. But rian zeal and local pride. But now, on all questions as to amount, _na- compelled by necessity, or by a sense ture, cause and cure it was difficult of the proprieties, many of the weaker to get a consensus of opinion. It ones stand unsupplied or are de- is plain that in most of the States pendent on the service of a non- but little effort has been made to resident minister, so that five church bring about acquaintance and estab- buildings often mean but two or three lish mutual confidence among home ministers. This, as far as it goes, is mission leaders. As a result each a step toward a cure. But the vari- man's work has been largely unre- ous organizations remain, each a dis- lated to, and often at cross purposes couragement to the other, and the with, that of men in other denomina- unused buildings discredit the cause tions. It was evident that the vari- they represent.

ous conferences went far toward A long, vigorous and intelligent clearing the air and establishing a course of treatment will be required basis of closer relations in the future. before the West is cured of its sec- Attention was repeatedy called to tarian ills. It was refreshing to hear the fact that overchurching is often from place to place of localities which overbuilding rather than overman- are addressing themselves to the re- ning. The number of church spires duction of sectarian inflammation.

EDITORIALS

MOTHERS OF THE TEMPLE or others in whom they are inter- ested, may take up this definite Chris- A GREAT era of missions was in- tian service. augurated when the churches or- Various committees have been organized to send out missionaries and ganized, and regular bimonthly meet- ings have been planned for conferto direct their work in foreign lands. ence, prayer and study, and inspira- tional addresses. Another epoch was marked fifty years This organization lays the right ago by the organization of women emphasis on responsibility and privi- lege. It begins with the home. Here to bear their share in the enterprise. is where missionaries, preachers and Bible teachers should be trained; Twenty-five years ago the young here they should learn to know the full meaning of surrender to Christ; people came forward to organize as here they should see the vision of the world need, and hear the call volunteers for service, and the mis- of God to work in His Vineyard. May God bless the "Mothers of the sionary force has doubled in that Temple."

time. More recently students of mis- TVOICES THAT CALL TO MISSIONS HOSE who do not hear the call sions have started a campaign of to join in the great work of win- ning the world to Christ can not give missionary education, and the laymen as an excuse the failure of God to make known His will. They need have banded together to increase the to go direct to the Great Physician for spiritual operations on their eyes, supply of funds to support the grow- their ears, their hearts, their nerves, and their powers of locomotion. What ing work. are some of the voices that call to missionary work? Now comes a new organization of 1. The voice of God in His Word. mothers. It is thus far local, but may The marching orders of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. The whole well become world-wide. An asso- Bible is a missionary book.

ciation has been formed in the Cen- 2. The voice of human need. Ig- norance, culpable ignorance, shuts out tral Presbyterian Church, Rochester, the vision of men and women living and dying in sin. None can see the N. Y., called "Mothers of the condition of men in any land without recognizing their need of a Savior. Temple." Its purpose is to bring the 3. The voice of ability. Christians mothers in the church into closer have vast resources at their command, and all the powers of nature are being fellowship for prayer, child study, and harnessed to do man's bidding. Every new discovery and invention is but a consideration of the needs of man- a new instrument put into OUf hands to carry the Gospel into the regions kind in order to promote a "World beyond.

for Christ Movement." This is to be done by' consecrating their chil- dren to the Master. Like Hannah of old, these mothers are ready to bring their children to God, and dedi- cate them from birth to His service.

The association also purposes to raise an educational fund to help members of their church who are striving, amid difficulties, to educate them- selves as Christian ministers or mis- slOnanes.

The active members of this organi- zation are mothers who study the Bible and are praying that their chil- dren may take up definite Christian work, obeying the command of Christ to "go preach the Gospel."

Other women may join as associate members if they study the Bible and are praying that those in their classes, 4. The voice of history. The past church-members. The sooner each is failures of men without Christ and imprest with his or her own personal the successes attending missionary responsibility to use tongue and tal- work are summons to further en- ents to spread the Gospel, the sooner deavor. In the past missionary cen- the kingdom of God will be estab- tury twice as many have been added lished.

to the professing followers of Christ Not long ago we came upon one of as in all the preceding eighteen these "Fishers of men," of which the ccnturics. The work is a success. church should be composed. He was S. The voice of opportunity. Doors a plain, stalwart, successful Long have been opening on every hand, Island fisherman, who had heard the and many obstacles that long stood call of God sounding in his ears to be- in the way have disappeared. Even come a personal worker. He entered persecutions have left the doors open into the work with the same energy wider than they were before. God is that he put into his deep-sea fishing.

leading the way. In the summer he uses his nets and 6. The voice of love and thanks- ships barrels of fish each day to the glvmg. "The love of Christ con- market; in the winter he uses his Gos- straineth me." The fact that we owe pel net to seek men individually, not so much to God must lead to greater only to bring them to his Master, but sacrifice and service for Him. to lead them to become themselves 7. The voice of self-interest. Ex- "Fishers of men." In this way he has perience proves that the greatest bless- been used by God to take in his net ing comes to those who give them- one thousand individuals in the past selves wholly to this work. Those three and one-half years-whereas who are self-centered stagnate and previously to that time he had spoken die. Christianity must flow out if to none.

it is to be kept living. The most This man, without college or theo- short-sighted policy is that which be- logical education, a simple Christian, gins and ends at home. like most church-members, has a rec- Whosoever hath, to him shall be ord that few laymen can equal. He given, and to whomsoever much is will speak to anyone, tactfully, mod- given, of him shall much be required. estly, earnestly, planting the seed and FISHERS OF MEN trusting God to give the increase. In his "Fishermen's Oub," or "God's T HE late editor-in-chief, Dr. Pier- Messengers," this personal worker son, used to say that the true di- has secured the names of bankers, vine idea of "Apostolic Succession" lawyers, preachers, teachers, editors, was revealed in Romans 10: IO: hear- clerks and heads of large business ing, believing, confessing; hearing, houses. He spoke to the sales girl believing, confessing, in perpetual who sold him an umbrella, and to the succession from one end of the world president of a large fountain-pen com- to the other. pahy, where he sought a pen with Truly this is the ideal, apostolic which to record the results of his method, to be used by the Spirit of "fishing." Both of these, as well as God for the extension of the king- editors of some well-known publica- dom and the conversion of mankind. tions, thanked him for his earnest The Church can not depend on great words and agreed to become also organized efforts however powerful, "fishers of men."

or 'on social movements, or on paid This worker testifies that in all the workers however efficient, to carry hundreds of people he has approached the Gospel to the unbelievers. None he has never met a rebuff. Some have of this can take the place of the gen- refused to commit themselves, but all eral individual work for individuals have been courteous and appreciative.

on the part of the rank and file of Surely there are thousands of other

Christian men and women who will sanctification. There can be no sanctitake up this work for the Master, a fication until there is separation from work to which he has called us and on the world. which he has set his seal of approval. Is not this the difficulty with many OUR LORD'S INTERCESSORY movements toward church unity? Any artificial or external union must PRAYER fail. This great end can not be achieved by uniting disciples; it must T HE great prayer of our Lord for be accomplished by union with the His disciples, recorded in the Master in nature, affections, will, seventeenth chapter of the Gospel sympathies, and work. according to St. John, relates to their separation, sanctification, unification, The result of such union will be and glorification. a new power and new results in witness to the world. It will sim- First he refers to their unworldli- plify our creed, and this unanimity ness. This characteristic is defined in faith will beget confidence-belief in seven particulars: in our testimony. It will also give an example to the world of the na- Chosen out of the world. ture and power of the love of God. Sent into the world on a mission. Living in the world. The result will also be cooperation Not of the world. in service and economy of resources Hated by the world. andeffort. Let us seek for greater Kept from the evil in the world. unity, but let that unity be based on Witnessing to the world. greater conformity to the nature and will of God.-A. T. P. Next our Lord is moved to pray for their sanctification. MISSIONARY STATISTICS OF INDIA By the truth He had taught them. A STUDY of the statistics for mis- By the example He had left them. sions in India as reported in 19IO, compared with those of ten years ago, Third, He prays for their Unity. show decided signs of progress. For Four times He repeats this petition India, Burma and Ceylon we have a "that they may be one," and indicates total foreign missionary force of 4,998 its result on the world. men and women under 141 societies, as compared with 4,267 ten years ago, This characteristic follows their under 115 societies. This is an inseparation and sanctification, and pre- crease of one-sixth in the foreign pares the way for their glorification. force. The native workers of all This unity is to be: classes now number 38,143, as com- pared with 28,136 ten years before. A unity of all believers. This is an increase of over one-third, A result of union with Christ. and shows that the policy of using Like that of the Father and the Son. native evangelists has been adhered Perfect spiritual oneness. to with good results. The number of Followed by belief in the world. native communicants has increased from 332,924 to 538,737, and total Fourth, our Lord's prayer suggests Protestant adherents from 1,033,529 to that His disciples shall all partake of 1,521,423 (including communicants). the divine nature. The form of the This is an increase of over 50 per subject of this prayer is the glorifi- cent. in less than ten year… cation of all disciples.

Glorified in Christ. . Glorified with Christ.

There can be no glorification of the Church until there is unity, and there can be no unity until there is

STATISTICAL TABLES FOR INDIA, BURMA AND

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK FOIlEIGM MISSIOMAIlIEI NATIVII WOaDIl, STATIO•• CUlllSTIAR COJUlURITY ARD CoRTaIBunoRS Physicians COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES i rn 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 INDIA American and Canadian Societies American Baptist Foreign Mission Societr ' •• " . • • • • 1814 131 13 8 5 131 83 361 287 3,384 3,671 73 1,893 1,091 8,558 127,963 127,963 347,052 1,115 36,293 102,475 American Board of Commissioners for For. Miss… 1813 28 7 Baptist For. Misa. Board, Maritime Provinces…… 1873 10 3 1 3 33 21 91 59 1,078 1,137 18 537 91 691 13,165 "13,165 46,282 479 13,165 14,424 Board of For. Miss., General Conference Mennonites 1900 4 3 8 16 35 100 100 8 17 9 102 544 544 *2,100 28 630 3 3 Board of For. Miss., Gen. Council Evan. Luth. Ch. 1869 2 9 10 10 2 1 1 42 42 42 4 150 Board of For. Miss., German EV!"$'elical Synod…. 1865 9 7 8 9 23 .- Board of For. Miss., Methodist Episcopal Church 1. 1856 4 34 Board of For. Miss., Gen. Synod, Evan. Lutheran Ch. 1842 11 3 2 308 310 4 413 250 *1,000 1,521 14,871 16,866 92 2,781 1,500 8 12 2 614 616 5 498 497 218 13,281 37,255 44,008 294 17,506 3,725 8 1 5 98 7 2 16 151 151 6 43 35 100 2,002 3,208 *4,000 8 1,198 5 86 99 Board of For. Miss., Presb. Church in U. S. A… 1834 48 7 4 42 36 295 199 4,746 4,945 66 200 282 11,282 122,986 178,943 181,049 3,523 148,591 113,852 146 53 750 803 27 120 61 1,281 7,418 *10,465 18,669 277 9,903 35,957 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Church (Dutch)I… 1853 9 1 2 11 5 31 14 374 388 8 172 19 238 2,997 4,725 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Episcopal Church '… 1894 2 9,757 182 6,715 2,830 2 1 2- 4 11 11 1 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Presbyterian Church 1837 78 3 23 26 4 6 15 549 725 2,076 6 Board of For. Miss., United Presbyterian Church ,. 1855 22 1 3 2 23 35 86 82 550 3 25 596 621 12 331 33 1,487 14,202 14,202 26,122 151 1,320 12,792 Board of Management, Gwalior Presbyterian Mission 1904 1- – – 1 1 22 22 1 5 4 55 145 787 787 3 Christian and Missionary Alliance……………… 1887 22 – 86 80 100 – 7 28 29 35 124 124 19 1,000 1,000 1,600 Christian Woman's Board of Missions………….. 1882 2,149 Evan. Lutheran Synod of Mo., 0'1 and Other States. 1895 7- 5_ 5 18 16 136 136 10 20 10 42 682 682 *2,600 34 1,350 8- – 8- 25 29 29 5 131 *400 942 Foreign Christian Missionary SOciety…………… 1882 11 3 3- 12 5 10 For. Dept., International Committee, Y. M. C. A… 1889 6 16 124 140 6 8 8 162 852 852 *3,200 31 2,036 536 5- – 9 11 – 192 For. Dept., National Board, Y. W. C. A., U. S. A.. 1894 – 46 5 60 – – – – 6 50 4 For. Miss. Board, Baptist Conv., Ontario and Quebec 1866 16 28 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church in Canada… 1873 15 2 3- 12 15 6 6 307 313 12 161 45 531 5,093 5,093 9,700 275 5,300 28 4,182 Friends' For. Miss. Soc.,-Ohio Yearly Meeting,…… 1896 – 3 5- 15 12 26 2 109 111 7 19 9 141 1,031 21,031 *4,000 33 1,572 18 3,301 General Conference of .l'-ree Baptists………….. 1836 11 – 1- – 5 13 18 18 1 1 1 60 60 310 2 140 300,955 11 8 General Miss. Board, Church of the Brethren……. 1895 11 – 1 1- 11 5 12 317 329 7 10 19 166 1,368 1,368 2,375 112 4,544 – – 8 General Miss. Board of the Free Methodist Church.. 1885 4 1 47 48 10 25 4 45 787 800 1,064 34 1,004 14 Gen. Miss. Board, Pentecostal Church, Nazarene… 1897 4- – 1 5 8 3 11 11 3 1 11 40 56 180 5 220 4 5- – – 5 3 2 12 14 4 4 Hephzibah Faith Missionary Association……….. 1898 2 – 10 Lee Memorial Bengali MissIOn·……………….. – – – 2 4 17 1 1 2- 1 1 1 3 44 Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities……… 1899 7 34 34 1 6 12 600 4 4- 1 5 4 Missionarr Society, Calvinistic Church in U. S. A.. 1869 5 52 52 3 4 4 60 451 492 600 17 555 1- 1- 1- 6 Peniel Mlssionary Socie!y_o…………………… 1897 – – – 2 2- 5 5 1 1 2 9 9 *36 18 7 Pentecost :Bands of the World…. ;……………. 1896 5- – – 2 3 15 7 1 Scandinavian Alliance Mission………………… 1892 3 – – 4 3 7 15 3 2 Seventh·Day_ Adventist Mission Board………….. 1895 12 1 2 9 11 9 3 3 4 1 3 19 Vanguara Missionary Association……………… 1895 – – – 2 1 4 22 8 4 221 221 221 12 225 Woman's Home and For. Miss. Soc., Advent Chris. 1898 – – – 1- 4 40 40 3 1 Woman's Gen. Miss. Soc., Churches of God……. 1896 2 – – – 1 3 20 20 3 7 60 60 *200 14 1,200 Woman's Union Missionary Society of America….. 1863 – – 4- – 14 2 25 25 25 3 50 ~–68-6-!-1-3-,7-41-56-0l-1-4-,4-13-52-0~-3S-0"':"'5''''4,-S-11-11-l-Z-,4-8-8-1-2-6,-1-8-6-1—,-4-94-+-4-18-,-77-5+-7-25-,-32-1:+-6:-,:-74-4-'2'7–26-1-,9:-3:-8'- 'T.667 324 Totals, 39 American Societies………………… —-+-'-s-2-7+-4-7+-7-1~–S9—5-1-3-~–4-8-0 Australasian Societies Baptist Association of Queensland For. Miss. Com.. 1885 1- – – 1 1 3 3 2 5 1 1 11 11 13 1 2 52 Baptist For. Miss. Soc. of New South Wales……. 1885 1- – – 1- 2 1 12 24 2 9 2 28 116 3 106 118 Furreedpore Missionary_ Society •.•..••..•..••…. 1882 2 1- – 2 4 8- 24 22 2 3 2 59 New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society……….. 1891 _ 1 2 11 59 42 100 3 375 1 1- – 1 3 5 2 20 42 77 Tasmanian Baptist Missionary Society…………. – 1- – – 1 1 3- – 4 114 336 __ __ Victorian Baptist Foreign Mission…………….. 1883 4 – 800 26 1- 1 5 11 3 17 20 3_ – 53 800 *3,000 ~83+ 1 -~~ r-~—T—r–~–T—~~—+—~—-':—-:–~–~—+–~—-+—-T—-~ ~ Totals, 6 Australasian Societies……………….. – 10 2 1- 7 14 32 9 75 84 10 151 6 64 929 964 3,394 36 1,426 454 British Societies Baptist Missionary Society f…………………. 1794 67 2 5 6 60 5 143 39 1,016 1,055 38 118 *52 1,158 9,572 9,572 -*35,000 320 11,020 9,373 Bntish and Foreign Bible Society…………….. 1807 4- – 2 6- 12 _ • 535 535 6 Central Asian Mission…………. …………… 1902 1- – 2 1- 4_ 3 3 1 Ceylon and India General Mission……………. 1893 – 20 – – 12 5 7 24 – 52 52 1 11 7 21 Children's Special Service Mission…………….. – – – – 1- – 1_ 4 4 1 1114 196 335 22 512 39 Christian Literature Society for India…………. 1858 2 – – 1 – 3 6 _ 191 191 2 739 Christian Missions in Many Lands·………….. 1836 – – – 55 43 36 134 29 – 85 85 67 12 78 1,244 1,244 5,710 10 233 128 19 9 27 132 88 432 223 177,816 Church Missionary Society………………….. 1813 159 – 13 – – 140 153 178 3,288 3,466 47 – 8 – 8 – 1,151 45,468 158,869 8- 3- 52,215 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society…. 1880 – 3 16 – 849 849 18 11 *14,000 Church of Scotland Foreign AMssis~sci.onfo Comm ittee… 4 6 2 – 7 54 12 Church of Scotland Women's r For. Miss.. 1829 22 – – 41 47 13 315 328 8- 8- 187 2,698 12,183 153 9,208 1,732 1837 – _ 201 201 EdinburJrb Medical Missionary Society…………. 1885 1 1- – 1- 3_ – _ 1 English "National Council, Y. M. C. A., For. Dept. – – – – 3 1- 4_ – _ 2 For. Mission, Presbyterian Church of Ireland o. • .• 1840 15 1 4 5 17 13 55 5 462 467 14 54 25 119 1,131 4,237 5,197 100 4,381 1,970 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England.. 1862 1 2- 2 2 2 9 – 5 5 2 1 *56 Friends' Foreign Mission As80ciation………….. 1866 – 7 14 30 1 1 8 6 12 28 – 97 97 8 5 8 14 .~ 173 10 173 1,118 Kurku and Central Indian Hill Miuion……….. 1890 – 8 9 7 24 1 24 25 6 2 33 1,947 297 – – 1 1 – – _ 1 20 175 277 550 9 Lakher Pioneer Mission ……………………. lj05 – – – 2 – 387 40 London Missionary Society………………….. 1817 55 5 3 2 52 36 153 43 1,991 2,034 30 820 1,291 14,175 "14,175 110,065 602 21,996 15,758 Ludhiana Zenana and Medical Mission………… 18"79 – – 2 – – 10 12 – 17 17 3 1 Missionar:!, Settlement for UniverSity Women….. 1895 – – – – – 4 4 – – _ 1 National Bible Society of Scotland……………. – – – – – – – _ _ '~35 235 _ North India Industrial Home for Christian Blind.. 1887 – – 2 3_ 1 1 1 1- – 9 *30 53 58 *60 3 O:dord Mission to Calcutta………………….. 1880 10 – 1 4- 10 25 – – _ 5 Regions Beyond Missionar), Union…………….. 1901 5- – – Repr. Coun. Epis. Ch. in Scotland For. Miss. Board 1871 4 5 14 – 16 16 4 11 4 22 22 150 9 2- – – 1 2 5_ 20 20 1 4 1 Scottish Mission' Industries Co., Ltd………….. 1903 – – _ 2 Scottish Nat'l Council, Y. M. C. A., For. Miss. Dept. – – – – – 3 1- 4- – – 2 1 3- – _ 1 Society for the Propagation of Gospel"……….. 1814 96 1 8 4 16 72 197 136 1,682 1,818 42 77 234 2,128 38,865 100,068 114,879 777 32,562 24,723 South Indian Strict Baptist Missionary Society….. 1860 4 – – 1 4 1 10 4 65 69 4 28 Strict Baptist Mission ………………………. 1860 3 – – – 2 6- 2 4 71 768 1,500 2,850 32 889 "'827 1872 56 17 11 16 1 44 44 14 2 56 ., '*-200 United Free Church of Scotland's For. rM. Missi.ssC. oCmo.m' .. 1872 1 – – 46 29 101 10 56 16 750 545 United Orig. Secess. Ch., Scotland's Fo 1840 1 – 1 60 193 13 1,391 1,404 1 16 3 – 4 1 4 1 18 19 6 36 350 3,738 9,307 10,622 120 8,352 4,959 1817 76 – – 14 15 312 10 73 157 169 Welsh Calvinistic Methodists Foreign Mission…… 1896 – – 8 57 6 37' 21 485 506 44 377 5 186 – – 10 827 9,316 25,114 28,437 Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society ,…….. .. 45 190 42 1,944 1,986 360 520 15,525 215,525 46,938 354 21,290 8,684 534 19,765 9,572 Y. W. C. A., British National Foreign Department. 15 15 – – _ Zenana Bible and Medical Mission…………….. 1852 _- ~–~ _~_-_-L__1~ 0 __-~___- __~__14_0___1_50____- ____2_56____25_6___~ 25 ___1_5+-__~____~_____ ~ _____+___________________ Totals, 37 British Societies…………………… – 596 50 86 169 500 772 2,160 496 15,292 15,788 638 2,074 753 7,964 143,227 352,758 554,170 3,097 133,538 I 130,86.5 Ceylon Societies JaHna Student Foreign Missionary Society……… 1900 – – – – – – – 2 – 2_ 1- – – – _ 2 _ 160 Jaffna Women's Foreign Missionary Society…….. 1900 — – – – – – – _ 1 1 __ 1- – – – – _ __ 167 ___ Totals, :I Ceylon Societies……………………. r– ~—~–~- —- +— ~—~—~–~- –~2~~–1-7–3 ~-_–~-2-~– -~— –~– —'~—–~~–7Z—~_:– 327- Conti.ental Societies Evangelisch-Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic.8•••••• 1706 34 1 32 17 83 17 60S 622 31 209 237 437 9,671 21,162 21,295 14,263 Evallgelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Basel .••••••• 1834 60 24 67 11 164 Evangeliska Fosterlands·Stiftelsen ••••••••••••••••• 1878 17 2 18 57 26 841 867 25 114 87 459 9,964 17,767 18,206 52 2,537 7,857 4 18 6 28 Danske Missionsselskab ……………………. . 1863 13 2 9 103 103 11 11 653 -1,241 *2,500 8 543 85 1 6 92 Gossnersche Missionsgesellschaft ••..•••••.•..•••• 1842 44 6 36 2 1 79 80 8 14 8 455 1,139 *1,550 8 347 1,964 1 1 LOve'i'thals Mission ……………………….. . 1872 1 19 335 354 57 460 382 25,642 70,865 91,771 443 7,114 7,291 10 2 26 5 5 1 L. P. Larsen Missionary Society•••••••.••••…•••• 1 14 4 39 – – 1 20 Missionsanstalt zu Hermannsburg ••.•••••••••••••• 1866 13 37 187 1 2 157 159 10 37 47 93 2,680 3,392 4,392 207 Schleswig·Holsteinische Missions~esellschaft ••••••• 1877 20 240 240 9 44 South German Young Men's Chnstian Association•• 64 493 237 2,274 9,172 12,577 5 460 500 – – 1 –1– Totals, 10 Continental Societies•••••••••••••••••••• 203 6 65 2,365 2,430 154 878 772 1,226 51,339 125,278 152,311 516 11,001 32,167 * From the World Atlas af Christian Missions, Student Volunteer Movement, 1910. • Church statistics reported by only seven missions. • Includes data for the Jungle Tribes Mission formerly conducted by the INDIA Presbyterian Church in Ireland. 10 Church-members in good standing. • Includes data for the Woman's Society. 11 It has not been possiole to be certain that this data includes no work • No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. for whites. • Not reported. IS Includes a government school grant. • Rev. and Mrs. D. H. Lee are missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal .. Includes data of the Swedish Diocese, which is a mission of the Church{ but are reported with the Lee Memorial Bengali Mission. Svenska Kyrkans Mission. • Inc udes data for the Baptist Zenana Mission. • Colporteurs under the direct supervision of the Bible Society.

– – – – – – – – – • Includes six publishing branches and thirty-five sales depots. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all estimates are from the societies. THE AND EVANGELlSTIC WORK j DATE FOREIGN NATIVE W<;>RKERS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS a ~t I . £ . . COUNTRIES .AND SOCIETIES Physicians ·1 rn ______________________________________________ rJ …. -~_;'~~=:t~C:}"h~gaE-~-~~7_i~.1i1.~s.~.:r..:~..~.!~~=~.·Fi~~~-l~0at";'7,~.5C~~~~-+~0.]Z..~~~.~~~~"~;·".P"'c~rd-ISc5E~E"&"u.i~~~.~~~'.l.i'.~;.O]E5-.I~.I.~) ~~O-~"l~o;o0":·~z~~.EES~. "~~,,1f"t '~::"w~~~.~g_~..N:~O;~":..e0-~gba:n5S~~~:~.~§<~v-tf.ii5Elt-~) –~~°"~8!0;:~~:Ss"l.~~6£b4~~~j.~GJ ~~~~'~-z~~0.~!.·!1~58":.~~i,3~–~~o'-z~.~t..OC…s.~r~…m ~U=~:a~~~~]o'·.~v~5~.~~~jo.c~~§.:="ts~":i~Q-.:;~=>~<ti~i~o4~~~~~1"~.~".u,c.'..:.~-.~~~~rlg_-~J.~~'-.J:~~~~ta~t~QI.l~~~:~tf.~i~t ~o ~·•"~u_f§.~,i:.,c:.,~.:,39.=g~i~– ,.>~~.~.".O:..~~'..!~E~~.l~:~l "."'.o"~-o~'-5;Ir.=ga_:_.__~"~"~~_•~~.,oa._,_'.U,:._=.~·!~.§~g~.'5J~;o:~cai~~:= 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 India Societies 1- – – I -I 1 _2 1 Indian Christian Endeavor Union ••….•……•… 1897 1 India Sunday·school Union…………………… 1876 1- – – – 1- -, _ _ Indian Home Mission to the Santhals………….. 1867 6 — – 3 =4 I, =-_2 15 5 258 263 5 25 -7 3- 3- 14,9_90 *30,0_00 3_ – a_ National Council, Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon. 1889 – – – 8 , 8 — 21 21 8 72 _ 61,010 – – National Y. W. C. A. of India, Burma, and Ceylon. 1896 – – – – — – 10 10 _ 131 – __ __ _ _ __ _ 36,728 Totals, 5 India Societies……………………… ~~- ~—-~8 —-7—-~–~-11-~I~~4-.-: –2—~25—–5 –~2~91—-2-9~~–71_5–_2,28–~–7 —– _.—_—_14.,9-9-0—3-0-,0~0-0 —-_._—-_ –~97_,_73_8 International Societies China Inland Mission …………………….•.. 1875 1- – – 81.1 — 2- 1 1 1- 1 5"5 20 1_60 Mission der Briidergemeine …….•…………… 1853 8- — 1 4 21 – 24 24 5 3 6 — 56 125 2 37 30 Salvation Army……………………………. 1882 – 4- 66 44 I 36 150 — 1,901 1,901 23 2,424 – – – _ 411 10,332 :– –~–9~—4,~-~- –~-67—.53r-j –40.–1-73-~— -~-1,-92-~~-1-,9-2-6 —-~~_T-~—-~—-~—_7—-+_—.-~-~—- . Totals, 3 International Societies………………. 29 2,427 7 – 61 130 180 413 10,369 30 Independent Societies Bengal Evangelistic Mission ………………… 1889 _24 _25 Industrial and Evangelistic Mission of India…….. 1880 3- – – 2 4 9- 3 North India School of Medicine lor Christian Women 189t – 3- — 2 5 — _ _ 1 – 2 24 24 5 2 Poona and Indian Village Mission……………. 18S, – _. 1 9 7 ·20 37 – 20 21 1 11 5 24 24 47 23 1,175 – _ 1 8 Strict Baptist Mission, South India…………… 1880 1- – – 1- 2 1 2 105 105 285 5 130 23 Tehri Border Village Mission………………… – 1- – — 1- 2- ,~–~—.~–~—.—,—-;~~–.~—~—-~–~–~—-~–7_–~—-_+—–~——~–~–___~_____ i Totals, 6 Independent Societies……………….. – 332 I 28 1,305 5- 4 9 11 26 55 2 68 70 11 15 13 2 129 129 23 i Indigeneous Societies Boys' Christian Home Mission …….. :…………. 1900 – — – 5 2 i1 3 10 -i 20 20 3 2 51 222 Chtnsurah and Hooghly Zenana MIssIOn……….. 1875 __ _. _ _ 1 GInoddiaavnarMi iBSSaIpOtinsatrySwSoadcieesthya oSfuvTairntanveyvapealklya ..S.o..c.i.e.t.y… 11898038 -_ -_ _, 1 1 56 Jungle Tribes Mission……………………….. 1891 _ -_ -_ _ = Ii.' -= -= 201 2231 1 8 Keskar's Christian Mission at Cholapur………… 1899 – – 110 MMaudkrtai sMTaimssilioMni.s..s.i.o..n……………………………………………….. _ _ 152254526~ 1252~6r6iO 29 14 7 55 167 906 113 National Missionary Society of India………….. 1-896 — -1 1 "8 13 St. Thomas Syrian Christian Evangelistic Association 1905 – – – _ – I' – – 1 2 1 2 1,248 60 1,956 South Travancore Native Evangelistic Society…… 1891 – _ 125 103 Tinnevelly Children's Mission ….•……………. 1901 – – -=2 1," -_~5 -_~9 =_1 1 1 10 620 1,248 4 293 '- 1891 – – -35-,4-5-2 7 360 1,530 7 1,377 Totals, 12 Indigenous Societies ………………. — -1 2 *SOO 20 2,167 – – 6 9 2,170 1,800 2,381 4 658 6,395 Grand Totals for India, 120 Societies•••.•………. _ _ -52-2-,3-4-9 55 230 —- -1,-3-5-8 –35-8 15 25 454 36 154 _ _ nil- t – — -10-,-87-2 2,558 4 10,895 – – -, – – 9 9 4-2-2-,1-3-~ -57-3-,4-5-4 – – 4 _ 4 4 4 – 1 30 5 320 —3-2-5..;..—-6-'1—-6-7'- 42 3,749 6,109 -1-1-5 -16-3 1,279. ,.17 4,'6,35' 1,270 34,084 35,354 1,2136[110,217 -4,-08-8 9-1-6-,7-7-3· -1,-47-1-,7-2-7 CEYLON American Societies t~1' , = = 396 409 t"~ = – – – 4;418 . c' FAFoomrr..erDiDceeappntt..,B, For. Mis …… " 3 ,II ld, :Ii 12Jl' 1;973' 11,973 72~ 3,818 8,758 oard of Commissions for .YA. .,MU. .CS'.AA…… 1816 3 1 ! . 2 1 4! 19 INanttei ornnatalioBnoala rC,doYm.mWitt.ee 11899~6~ — – -_ -1 It,,' '1= -_ _ – .j 1 _ -_ -_ -_ _ _ _ Trustees of Jaffna College Func!s. '…….•……… :_1_8Z_'~-;-___i–_ _i_—-+-.'__.-_Z-i-'-'___:____J .~~.,______:,—_'.-.-.–+–t-i——-~_;..'——_i_-'·-_~–i—-.–~-_-_- ~,,–__-'_-_~-_=;e—.. _ 1'—– .~-, -f-'-~~- Totals, 4 American Societies •…•.••…………. – 4 1 2 4 3 5 18 13 396 409 9 23 19 121 1,973 1,973 4,418 72 3,818 8,758 British Societies Baptist Missionary Society •……•..••………… 1812 4 2 63 69 20 110 130 2 55 *19 48 1,057 1,057 *4,200 123 1,575 8- British and Foreign Bible Society .•.••…………. 1810 1 Children's Special Service Mission .•…………… 1 2 '91 91 Christian Literature Society for India…………. . 1858 1 1 1 1 Christian Missions in Many Lands ……………. . 1 '1~ 2- 45 45 1 4 2 – – – 1 Church Missionary Society………………….. . 1818 20 62 21 760 781 9 28 30 70 2 a9_0 8,309 23 23 3 – 3 – 6162 11,613 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society …. . 18f·9 4,158 11,272 8- Friends' Foreign Mission Association ………….. . 1896 8 8 — 28 28 2 Indian Christian Realm Mission ……………… . 1903 2 12 – 56 56 4 16 129 22 895 292 1 3 – 27 27 1,650 63 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. …….. . 1840 4 4 109 111 2 16 16 285 512 982 2,846 16 220 20 2 854 904 5 24,005 1,592 'Vesleyan Methodist Missionary Society 7 ••••••••••• 1814 22 2 2 10 2 56 50 – – 4 9 43 802 2,803 29 3,850 4,676 2 -, Y. W. C. A., British National Foreign Department. IM7 14 213 325 112 7,437 7,437 337 17,137 1 ..—!—…;—-;..—-7—-+—.;—-~,- —-7—+—!–~–_+—;–~—_;_—-;:__—-;:—–i—-.— Totals, 12 British Societies ….•…..•…………. 50 2 15 36 119 222 93 2,081 2,174 55 309 369 659 13,994 23,581 44,513 529 23,767 14,932 Ceylon Societies Colombo Industrial School. ..••……………….. 1896 20 21 *300 *300 *1,000 2,287 Henaratgoda Village Mission ………………… . 1895 300 300 1,000 2,287 National Council, Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon .. 1896 18 18 ~ otals, 3 Ceylon Societies ..•…………………. 6 6 5 44 45 Continental Society Evangelisch·Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic s. . . . . .. 1903 20 2 90 205 205 50 International Society Salvation Army 1882 8 5 18 157 157 128 Indigenous Society Jaffna Native Evangelical Society …………….. . 1832 2 3 3- 1 31 42 60 4 250 674 Grand Totals for Ceylon, 21 Societies …..••••…..• 62 4 19 44 134 263 109 2,680 2,789 – – 1 – – —-~ 69 483 388 783 16,388 26,101 50,196 606 27,885 26,651 .. Federates denominational Sunday·school work. No independent statistics. • Colporteurs under the immediate supervision ·of the Bible Society. • Sales depots. CEYLON 6 Net increase. 1 No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 7 Includes data for Women's Society. 2 Includes data for the Baptist Zenana Missionary Society. 8 Partial data of the Swedish Diocese, which is a mission of the Svenska – – – – -3 -No-t reported. Kyrkans Mission. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all esti111ates are from the societies.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS ASIA-INDIA mony as exists between caste and noncaste Hindus, and intensify any Christian Progress in India surviving social bitterness between them. T HE growth of Christianity in the T India's Foe-Alcohol . last decades is shown by the fol- HE secretary of the United lowing remarkable figures: 1881, Council on Work Among Young 1,862,634; 1891,2,284,380; 1901, 2,- People in India, in discussing the 923,241; 19 11 ,3,876,196. question, "What has a convert to Christianity a right to expect of the Of the present total more than two Christian Church in the matter of the and one-third millions are to be use of alcoholic drinks?" calls atfound in southern India, where there tention to the fact that the use of are Christian colonies planted in the intoxicants in India is enormously early centuries of the faith, and where increasing. The harm done to India's considerable accessions by conversion manhood by alcoholic drinks is great. have been reported in recent years. Thousands are annually added to the There have been striking increases list of drunkards, from among those in the Panjab and the United Prov- ""ho are "moderate" drinkers. The inces, the combined figures being Church should unwaveringly and un- 379,445, as against I6g,546 ten years compromisingly teach that the use of ago. In the two Bengals and their alcoholic beverages is an unmixed evil. States the number of Christians has Only total abstainers should be orrisen from 315,198 to 464,573, while dained and tolerated as ministers of in Hyderabad an advance from 23,- the Gospel. No person's name should 000 to over 54,000 is reported. In be allowed to remain upon the registhe Native States, as a whole, the ter of the Church who is guilty of advance has been relatively greater using liquor to excess, nor should he than in British districts. be taken back into membership until he had shown that he was free from A Hindu Condemns Hinduism the habit.

T HE Christian Patriot, of Madras, T What is Hinduism? published a very interesting letter HE Leader, of Allahabad, recentrecently addrest by Mr. Justice San- ly published the replies of more karan Nair to Mrs. Annie Besant, or less representative Hindus to the who desired him to endorse a move- question, "What is Hinduism, and ment to establish a Hindu university. what is essential in it?" One, an Altho the responsible educational au- authority in himself, said, "A Hindu thorities under the government of In- is one born in India, whose parents, dia have sanctioned the project .of as far as people can remember, were the noted theosophist, and a public not foreigners, and did not profess official might therefore have been a foreign religion like Mohammeexpected to give at least nominal ap-' danism or Christianity or Judaism, proval to the proposition, the justice, and who himself has not embraced notwithstanding he is himself a Brah- one of those religions." man of high degree, totally discountenances all thought of a sectarian Another intelIigent writer said, school for the propagation of Hindu- "There are no dogmas in Hinduism. ism. He says that any revival of the You may believe in any doctrine you teachings of the Hindu sacred books can only tend to destroy such har-

choose, even in atheism, without ceas- harmonious, and full of promise in ing to be a Hindu." view of the new chapter in Indian history recently opened by the Sov- A third writer stated, "Hinduism ereigns at Delhi. The national awais adherence to certain practises im- kening in India is, of course, the direct peratively demanded and prescribed result of British rule and of faithful by it." missionary service.

The last answer comes near to the American United Presbyterian Mission root of the matter, for "practise" founded on caste is the stronghold of IN 1855 the American United Pres- Hinduism. Tho Hinduism holds to byterian Mission in India was comthe theory of "maya," viz., that menced with one missionary and his things are not what they seem, and wife, in the northern part of the Panthat the external aspect of the world jab, and it has grown under the and human life is only an illusion, Lord's blessing until there are 22 men yet the practises of social and so- and 34 women missionaries from called religious life (chief among America, 34 native ordained ministhem caste) are its very center. With ters, and 395 native lay workers. the falling of caste Hinduism will There are 43 organized congregaquickly surrender to the attack of tions, and 24,352 members, while the the messengers of the Gospel. Christian community numbers 46,451. The 181 Sunday-schools contain 8,30 Efficient Service of Bible Women pupils, and 201 day schools have 11,- 003 scholars. NOT enough is thought and. said about one of the most important The work among the Chuhras, one and valuable of Christian native of the deprest classes, is especially agencies in India. A splendid, 1.!nseen flourishing. Dr. Martin saw the opporwork is being carried on incessantly, tunity and heard the call. Unreserdevotedly and indefatigably just now vedly he committed himself to the by hundreds of native Hindu Bible evangelization of the whole Chuhra women. Their lives are obscure. class. He employed the best agents, Their efforts are not trumpeted, and pushed education, and trained boys to they have no thought of commenda- teach others, raised up teachers and tion or praise. But they are doing preachers from among them, and what no other workers could even started a theological school. Thus he attempt. They gain access to the gathered the Chuhras, baptizing four women of every class and caste. or five hundred a year. When he died Many of them are wives of village in 19IO, a canvass of the rolls of the readers living in the little scattered districts in which he labored, showed rest houses. These are in contact, that he baptized in all 7,200 Chuhras. in an intimate manner, with the na- Thus the Lord blest the work. tives, in a degree impossible to foreign agents. They are especial fa- The Basel Mission vorites of the low-caste folks and the wretched pariahs, and among these T HIS German Mission works in they succeed in the work of teach- Malabar, South Canara, in the ing inquirers and new converts.- southern Maratha country, the Nilgi- Homiletic Review. ris and Coorg, and uses three lan- guages besides several spoken by The Indian Native Congress aboriginal tribes. The first mission- aries, including the famous Hebich, SEVEN thousand educated Indians, came to India in 1834, but the society, including 1,000 delegates from a restricted at first to providing misdistance, met at Calcutta recently to sionaries for the C. M. S. and other discuss Indian affairs. The proceed- societies, was founded in the year ings opened "with prayer, and with the of the battle of Waterloo, and prepasinging of a national song," were very

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

rations are already in view for cele- of the missionaries called them the brating the hundredth anniversary of most refreshing which he ever attend- 1815. In Malabar every church-mem- ed in China. Why? because Dr. Yang ber will be expected to make a con- is a man of faith and prayer, and he tribution of coins of whatever de- preaches "Christ crucified." nomination. This suggests the remark that the Christians of this mis- The Chinese Character sion, who now number, communicants and others, 18,602, are making re- AS" the late. Sir Robert Hart said: markable progress in liberality. . The Chmese are well behaved, law-abiding, intelligent, economical, Mission Schools in Ceylon and industrious. They can learn any- thing and do anything. They are T HE American COtlgregational punctiliously polite, they worship Mission in Ceylon has a system talent, and they believe in right so of 124 village schools, with 16,000 firmly that they scorn to think it rechildren in attendance. For the sup- quires to be supported or enforced port of these schools the home board by might. These qualities are not gives $570, the government appropri- simply to be found in isolated cases, ating yearly $14,000 for all expenses but are characteristic of the race as save religious instruction and the a whole." China's agricultural wealth upkeep of school buildings. But as may be estimated from the fact that the $4.50 per school appropriated by it sustains a population five times the board is hardly sufficient to pay as great as the United States upon the expenses of the religious instruc- a smaller area. The people of China tion, the school buildings themselves furnish the largest potential asset of are in pressing need of renewal. Two skilled and cheap labor of any nahundred doIlars would, on an aver- tion in the world. age, replace and equip each of these mud schools with a substitute one Traveling Then and Now of coral. A MISSIONARY writes: A new CHINA epoch has dawned in travel- ing in this part of China. We are o A Chinese Moody leaving the old and embracing the R. YANG'S parents and grand- new. We used to ride almost exclu- _ parents were Christians. He him- sively behind the "wooden-headed" self was brought up in the Methodist mule, but now the iron horse is slow- Episcopal Church and educated in the ly but surely displacing the mule on Methodist Episcopal institutions. He the great highways of North China. practised foreign medicine in an inter- The "Peking" cart has a far-away and ior city and made money, but his suc- classic sound, but as an instrument of cess gave him a proud heart, so that he torture for tired bodies and broken became cold toward God and man, and nerves it is not lightly to be dismissed; was only a nominal Christian. Then the comfortless and springless, it has held spirit of God showed him the evil in- its place for many hundreds of years fluence which he exerted, and a desire over the roads of North China. The to study the Bible was created within "patient" mule has dragged it through him. He read it morning, noon and myriads of morasses in the shape of night, until he was convicted, then con- mud roads, and over ages of rocky verted. He gave up his practise of roads, but in some places, at least, the medicine and became a teacher of the end is in sight. Bible. Like Moody, he is really a man of one book. He is now employed Passing of Chinese Idols by the Bible Study Committee to organize Bible study work throughout T HE idols of China are suffering the country. A short time ago he held from increasing neglect on the a series of meetings at Kashing. One part of the population. A writer in the Assembly Herald remarks: "The

shrewd, matter-of-fact, materialistic furloughs, two of which were spent Chinese peasant, prest for the next in England and one in the United meal, entertains no great respect for States.

ldols upon whom he spent hard-earned Miaaionary Conference at Swatow cash in offerings, but from whom he gets no help in his day of need. Nor I N spite of the rebellion in China, in these days of piping peace does it the missionaries of the South conduce to his awe of their power to China Baptist Mission held their ansee them, as one can now see them in nual conference at Swatow from Deevery section, fallen over against the cember 13th to 16th. The seven wall, with an arm or leg or sword central stations were represented, and gone. Often one sees the Buddhas, matters of great importance were dewith their sickly-placid smiles, dumped cided. The question of union in into a corner, helpless; or a hideous educational work with the English war-god, lying prone on his face and Presbyterian Mission in Swatow was broken like Dagon, with none so poor transferred to a special committee for to do him reverence. further consideration.

Educational work among the Hak- Dr. Griffith John kas will be undertaken in connection with the Southern Baptist Mission A FTER more than half a century in Canton, and a committee was ap- in the service of the L. M. S. pointed to lay before the Home in China, Dr. Griffith John has re- Board the facts concerning the large turned to his native land. A gray- emigration of the Swatow Chinese haired veteran, for he is now in his to Hongkong, Annam, Straits Settleeighty-first year, he is completely bro- ments, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and ken in health. Dr. John was born above all, to Siam, which calls for in Swansea, in r83 I, and was early the speedy sending out of missionconverted. He preached his first aries among these emigrants in their sermon at a small prayer-meeting in new homes. Strong action was taken a private house, when he was four- looking toward the opening of new teen years old. In 1855, when he stations in the unoccupied territory and his wife sailed for Shanghai, the to the west and northwest, which criticism was made that children were would form a link between the now sent to convert the Chinese. But Southern Baptists at Ying Tak and the "child" Griffith John grew into the China Inland Mission in southern a strong man who has founded more Kiang-si. than one hundred mission stations and has planted scores of churches. JAPAN From Shanghai he penetrated. the How a Japanese Was Converted A country in every direction, tho Han- JAPANESE Christian tells how he was won to Jesus: "A miskow became the center of his activi- ties. There he founded a hospital, sionary lady got 25 Japanese boys a high-school, a normal school, a di- into a class to tell us of Jesus. We vinity school for the training of na- had great curiosity to see this foreign tive evangelists, and a medical school. lady, and not caring about Jesus, we He has been indefatigable as a trans- did care to see how everything looked lator, having acquired an admirable -her dress, her books, her furniture, knowledge of the written and spo- her pictures. But every time she ken language of the people among would have us read the Bible. We whom he worked. He was also in- had the Gospel of Luke. We read strumental in establishing the great till we came to the crucifixion. She Central China Religious Tract So- could not speak Japanese; she had an ciety. English Bible, we had a Bible in J ap- Ee has spent only five years out anese language. When we read the of China since 1855; has had three story of the Cross, she got down on

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

her knees and prayed for us. vVe The Presbyterian Host in Korea could not understand what she prayed, but we watched her close. Soon she T HE Korean Presbyterian Church began to cry. Then she fell on her is alert. In a membership of face, weeping bitterly. Then 25 Jap- 36,074, there are 6,308 men and women who serve the Lord as elders, anese boys cry, too. Then inside of deacons, leaders of tens, class leaders, three weeks, all us 25 boys give our Sabbath-school teachers, and in varihearts to Jesus." ous other ways, entirely at their own charges. There are only 78 organ- KOREA ized churches, but r,059 groups- churches to be-some of them with What God Is Doing in Pyeng Yang congregations of 400. Special classes for Bible study, lasting four days T HE station at Pyeng Yang was each or more, and including some established in 1895, a little more Bible institutes of a month, enrolled than sixteen years ago. It contains during the year ending September to-day about 6,000 Presbyterians 1st, 54,587 persons. and Methodists, and the Christian constituency is 10 per cent. of the The total number of adherents, total population. In the territory catechumens and members of the enaround Pyeng Yang, 27,720 more tire Presbyterian Church is only 108,- Christians are found, and they all 970. The gifts last year amounted aided during the past year the for- to $8I,309.I7 gold. If we estimate the eign missionaries and the seven or- ration of income between the churchdained pastors, the 57 evangelists, the membership in Korea and in the 63 women helpers, the 10 Bible col- United States as one to ten, the toporteurs, and the 1,700 Sunday-school tal contribution per communicant is teachers of the native force in mis- equivalent to $22.50. sionary effort. Thus it does not seem remarkable that the baptized num- Six thousand, eight hundred and bered 2,417 between October I, 1910, twenty-three adults were received on and September 30, I9II, while 3,854 confession of faith last year, and 14,- catechumens were received. In the 757 catechumens, or those under in- Bible institutes and Bible classes in struction preparatory to full mem- Pyeng Yang, 1,219 men and 981 bership. women received instruction, and they in turn instructed 12,163 men and One of the newest stations is at 6,369 women in country classes. In An Dong. First Christian service the 186 primary schools, 2,950 boys was held at An Dong in a book-store and 815 girls were taught by 296 -August, 1909, seven believers. On tellchers, while in the academies 316 the second anniversary, 220 enrolled boys and 140 girls attended under members. Seventy-three were exam- 25 teachers. The college had 49 ined for church-membership, the oldstudents this year, and a new build- est a woman of 73, the youngest a ing has been erected for them and girl of 8. for the boys of the academy. The theological seminary had 134 stu- Conditions in Formosa dents, and the graduating class had 16 members. The Christians of Pyeng T HE Japanese Government, SInce Yang territory contributed $29,524 the cession of Formosa to it by to the support and the extension of China sixteen years ago, has rendered the Church, and Koreans receive only life and property secure, built railabout one-eighth of what an Ameri- roads and other roads, and has so can earns per day. developed the country at large that it is self-supporting. The camphor Truly, the Lord is doing wonderful and opium industries are government things among and through the Ko- monopolies, but the use of opium is rean Christians. being discouraged and has decreased, so that its complete abolition is only a

question of time. The sugar indus- The country roads are infested by try is under severe restrictions, but bands of robbers, so that trade is the production is much larger than almost at a standstill. At Yezd, in the days of Chinese rule. Public which was recently a prey to looters, schools are being established among the supply of wheat from Shiraz has the Formosans, with Japanese teach- stopt, and bread is very scarce. The ers in charge, and the Japanese lan- roads are forsaken, the horses unguage is spreading rapidly. The re- derfed, and the people everywhere lations between the Japanese adminis- are starving. Add to these miseries tration and the people at large are the unhappy foreign. relations of constantly improving, tho there are Persia with Russia and Great Britain few Formosans in official positions at and one may well pity the Persian present. Government and people.

The mass of the Formosan people The Beirut Theological Seminary is still firmly held in the bonds of superstition and demonolatry. Thus, T HE Syria Mission (Presbyterian) the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, announces the reorganization of founded in I872 by the famous G. L. its theological seminary in Beirut 011 Mackay, in the north, and the Eng- an interdenominational basis. Inlish Presbyterian Mission, commenced struction will be chiefly in Arabic, in 1865, in the south, have done most and the course will cover three years. excellent work along evangelistic, English, Hebrew and Greek will be educational, and medical lines. They added to the regular courses in thehave gathered about I2,000 church- ology, history, geography, etc. Rev. members, and have 160 churches. But F. E. Hoskins, D.D., will be presithe wild savages of the eastern part dent, and the faculty will contain of the island are not yet reached. Messrs. Hardin, March and Ford as Of the 80,000 Japanese now in the other American members, with Mr. island, only 700 are connected with Ibrahim Haurani and .other Syrian the five Presbyterian and two Epis- scholars. A new building for the copal churches. While this number seminary will be erected at Beirut, of Christians is much greater in pro- and a class will begin in 1912. The portion to popUlation than that in Syrian Protestant College has prom- Japan itself, it is mainly due to the ised cooperation, and the opening of influx of Christians from Japan and the various departments of instrucnot to work done among the J apa- tion, of the library, and of the munese in Formosa. There is, there- seum to the students of the seminary. fore, urgent need of increased missionary activity among the Japanese A Call from Euphrates Colle&e in Formosa. The numerous members of the Kumi-ai churches are urging MANY Young Turks are utt~r1y the Japanese Home Missionary So- at sea in religion and morals. ciety, A. B. C. F. M., to enter the They and their associates from the field and open work, perhaps in Tai- Christian races have been educated hoku, the center. in European universities, where the religious influence was destructive, MOSLEM LANDS with the result that, as a rule, they are agnostic or atheistic in their Misgovernment in Persia opinions, and they have brought back loose moral ideas. Many openly scorn I N spite of the fact that Persia is the restraints which to us seem fun- now enjoying a democratic consti- damental. Truthfulness is despised, tution, misgovernment there was assassination is glorified, social purity probably never worse than at present. and the sanctity of the marriage re- Lawlessness is rife in the towns, and lation are ridiculed by men who are on December 1st the Governor of honored as leaders in the new life Fars was assassinated in Teheran. of the people.

WORLD··WIDE MISSIONARY

The future of Turkey undoubtedly Soon the sheik accepted Jesus as his depends on the education that future Lord and Savior. After his baptism leaders will receive. Euphrates Col- he returned to his village and began lege, at Harpoot, Asia Minor, is pre- to preach Christ immediately. Perse- paring to meet the needs of the mo- cution commenced. He was arraigned ment, but it must enlarge its facilities on a false charge, and imprisoned, and broaden its work before it can having boldly confest that his only meet the pressing demands. It needs crime was his faith in Christ. This funds for the purpose immediately. blest work goes on, a living proof • May its friends come to its aid. of the power of the surrendered life of the young man who caused him to What Mission Schools Are Doing become an inquirer.

AFTER a recent extensive tour AFRICA through the Orient, Secretary Patton, of the American Board, IHow the Dark Continent Was Peopled writes: "Mohammedanism can not N popular thought the Africans are long withstand the inroads of Chris- all negroes. But in reality the tian education and evangelistic effort. Dark Continent is a museum of races. Already our schools are drawing Mos- In the remote past, race after race lem pupils in goodly numbers. In the entered Africa from Arabia, and, heart of the Stamboul district of Con- driving the older invaders before stantinople stands the Gedik Pasha them, swept across the continent. school, conducted by our Woman's First were the bushmen, a diminutive Board. Never shall I forget walking copper-colored race of hunters. Land- into one of the rooms and finding 40 ing in the vicinity of Somaliland, they Turkish lads, the sons of Government wandered across the continent. officials and men of wealth. Straight- limbed, fine-featured, intelligent-look- The negro seems to have been the ing boys they were, and they hold the next important arrival. This power- future of Turkey in their hands. In ful black race pushed its way across other schools it is the same, especially Africa from east to west, until it in the colleges like Robert College, occupied all the country from Cape and the American Girls· College on the Verde to the Nile Valley. The bush- Bosporus, the Syrian Protestant Col- men turned their faces southward to lege at Beirut, and the institutions of avoid the inrush of negroes. the interior. In course of time Hamitic and Influence of a Spirit-filled Life Semitic tribes crossed the Isthmus of Suez or the Gulf of Aden into Af- A MISSIONARY of the C. M. S. rica, and gradually occupied the in Palestine tells a story which northern and northeastern regions. once more proves the power of a sur- rendered life in recommending the By intermarriage of negro and Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. A bushmen (and perhaps Hamite) the very wild and immoral young Mos- Hottentot race originated in the re- lem became a patient in the mission- gion north of the equatorial lakes. ary hospital. There he heard the Gos- At an unknown date these people, pel, and, by the grace of God, was driving their horned cattle before born again, a new creature in Christ them, emigrated southward, pushing and also completely changed in all his their way through the vast hunting- habits, he returned to his native vil- grounds of the fierce little bushmen, lage. So marked was the change that until they reached the southwestern it attracted the attention of the sheik coast. who immediately inquired after its cause. The reply which he received, After a lapse of centuries the bush- led him to visit the medical mission- men were again disturbed-this time ary, who preached Christ to him. by the powerful Bantu tribes. This hybrid people first appear north of the lakes, and may have originated

in the ingrafting of Hamitic and Gairdner and A. T. Upson in 1908. Semitic tribes upon a negro stock. The list is divided into three sec- A proud, imperial race they were, tions: ( I) Books specially for Mosand, disturbed in their original home, lems; (2) books for Jews; (3) books they swept over the southern half of for Christians. Africa. The conquest took centuries to accomplish, but gradually the Plans are being made for the speedy Bantu drove Bushman and Hottentot publication of suitable literature for alike into the southwest corner of women, and a "Directory of All the continent, and themselves occu- Workers Among Moslems, in All pied the mighty African peninsula. Lands" is under consideration. A" The L. M. S. work is among the small series of Arabic leaflets is be- Bantu people.-L. M. S. Chronicle. ing prepared in response to a special request from China. An Efficient Missionary Helper In its colportage work the Nile A NEW mission boat is to ply the Mission Press has entered upon a Nile. The American Mission plan of cooperation with the Church has purchased the Allegheny, at a Missionary Society, so that the Church cost of $5,00:). It will take the place Missionary Society takes the westof the Ibis, which has been used ern part of the Delta and the northfor many years. The new boat is ern provinces of Upper Egypt, the 74 feet long. It has a deck 60 feet Press takes the eastern part of the long, suitable for meetings, dining- Delta and the southern provinces of room, kitchen and bathroom. A barge Upper Egypt. The Press has five will be secured to tow with the boat, colporteurs who work hard, with to be used for a clinic and doctor's much opposition and amid great difoffice. Through the means of this ficulties. They are, however, meeting boat last year, the British and For- with encouraging success and greatly eign Bible Society distributed 28,0:)0 need funds to employ additional colcopies of the Bible or portions of porteurs and for a permanent and the same. d.dequate printing plant.

AFRICA-NORTH The Sudan Pioneer Mission The Nile Mission Press WHEN the Sudan Pioneer Mis- sion was founded in Germany T HE Nile Mission Press, founded in I905 for the twofold purpose in 1900, there were few who conof producing and circulating Chris- sidered aggressive missionary work tian literature among the people of among the Mohammedans feasible, Egypt and other countries, especially and many who took an active part in among Mohammedans, continues to its organization thought that it should do a great work. It has published simply prepare the way for future recently four more "KhutDas," writ- aggressive work in southern Egypt ten for Moslems by Sheik Abdullah and in the Sudan. Four years later with the aid of European mission- it was decided that the way was aries. The three addresses on per- open for aggressive missionary effort sonal purity which Dr. John Mott among Mohammedans, and the repdelivered to young men in Cairo dur- resentatives of the Sudan Pioneer ing his visit in March, I9II, have Mission began to work earnestly at been printed in Arabic and English, Assuan, which had been occupied and nearly one thousand copies were soon after the founding of the missold in the first two or three months sion. Darau was occupied in I907, after their publication. The Press and a third station, Edfu, in Novemhas issued a new edition of the Der, I9II. "Descriptive Guide to Books," which was brought out by Messrs. VI!. H. T. The missionaries of the Sudan Pi- oneer Mission are still the only mes- sengers of the Gospel among the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

large number of Mohammedans in him more of God's Word. But he Nubia, while in the Sudan they are hesitates and halts, when he sees in close cooperation with other so- others about to accept Christ, and cieties. Their work consists in his people approach him with compreaching, in medical missionary and plaints and fears concerning the in educational work, in visiting among spread of Christianity. the women, and in itinerant work in the surrounding villages. The t'oO Among Mohammedans in Togoland schools for girls at Assuan and Edfu have about 150 pupils, while all the I N Togoland, the German colony in evangelistic meetings are well at- Vest Africa, the number of Motended. The four Gospels have been hammedans has been increasing so translated into the Nubian language rapidly, and the danger of a spread (Kenuzi dialect), and are to be pub- of Islam has been so apparent during lished by the British and Foreign the past years, that the director of Bible Society, probably with Latin the North German Missionary Socharacters. Thus, after more than ciety, Dr. Schreiber, in his annual re- 1,000 years, the Nubian language is port for 1901, asked, "Shall the to be printed. The introduction of building of the minaret of a Mo- Latin letters, in place of the Arabic, hammedan mosque precede the erecmay counteract somewhat the use of tion of the tower of a Protestant the language of Islam, and thus break church in Lome?" Ten years later, the power of that religion. at the seventy-fifth anniversary of the society, we heard Dr. Schreiber The missionary force of the Sudan call attention to the danger threaten- Pioneer Mission consists of seven ing the heathen Erhe in Togoland European and five native workers, from the aggressive missionary spirit while four additional European la- of the Hausa traders, and said: "It borers are preparing to be sent out is our duty to pay attention to these in the autumn of this year. Mohammedans in Togoland." A few days later the executive committee of AFRICA-WEST the North German Society took ac- tion very quietly, and it instructed An Emir Almost Persuaded Missionary Funke, of Lome, then on furlough, to commence work among ONE of the earliest converts of the the Hausa in Lome immediately af- Church Missionary Society in ter his return to the field. About northern Nigeria, Mallam Fate, main- the middle of November Mr. Funke, tains himself by means of a sewing- therefore, quietly opened aggressive machine. Last fall the Emir of Kat- work among the Mohammedans in sina, a Hausa State, invited him to Lome. Thus an important forward his palace, and Fate worked his ma- step has been taken by this German chine daily in his presence, sur- society. The new work will strengthen rounded by princes and courtiers. the hands of the missionaries of the The faithful Christian daily spoke Basel Missionary Society, who are of his faith, and used his Arabic getting ready to enter North Togo- Bible diligently. He also visited the land and try to stem the tide of Momallams in the city, and he taught hammedanism sweeping in upon its some to read the Gospels in the heathen inhabitants. Hausa Roman character. When the Emir went on a five days' journey Islam on the Gold Coast he took Fate with him, saying, "I dare not leave you in the city lest DURING the days of the old heayou should convert others." But Fate then kings of Ashantiland few found many opportunities to speak of Christ, and now the Emir himself Mohammedans elared to settle in Kuhas become a diligent inquirer, and masi, but since the country has come frequently asks the Christian to tell under English rule, Mohammedans have come from the Sudan, from

Timbuctu and Sokoto, from Moroc- hitherto, selected Uhha as its new co, and multitudes of Mohammedan field of labor. It is located north- Hausas flood the country. These east of Ujiji, which is the most im- Hausas settle in quarters of their portant commercial center on the own, called Songos, wherever they eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, come in large numbers. In Wankyi and is the endpoint of the future the Songo is larger in extent and German East Africa transcontinental population than the Ashanti town, railroad. Uhha is very fertile, pro- while four to six thousand Moham- ducing, beside tropical fruits of all medans inhabit the distinct quarter kinds, dates, rubber, coffee, cotton, of Kumasi. The Protestant societies oranges, and also almost all kinds on the Gold Coast Colony (the S. P. of European grain and vegetables.

G., the Basel Society, the Wesleyan Its inhabitants, the Waha, however, Methodists, and the American Bap- have shown hitherto much hostility tists) should pay especial attention to to the German Government, and have these followers of Islam, who un- a bad name on account of frequent doubtedly retard and endanger Chris- attacks upon caravans and upon ru- tian work for Africans. lers and tribes friendly to the Ger- AFRICA-EAST mans. The Neukirchen Missionary So- Extension in German East Africa ciety, whose laborers have been busy S TRETCHING from the coast of hitherto in British East Africa and the Indian Ocean to Lakes Tan- upon Java, have chosen as its new, ganyika and Nyasa, German East third field, U rundi, which is lo- Africa has an area of about 375,000 cated a little northeast from the square miles, and a popUlation of northern end of Lake Tanganyika about 7,000,000, of whom the ma- and not far from the borders of the jority are fetish worshipers. The Kongo Free State. It is south of Moravians, the Berlin, the Leipsic, Ruanda and Usumbura, where the and the German East Africa Mis- missionaries of the German East Af- sionary Societies, the Church Mis- rica Missionary Society are doing a sionary Society, and the Universities blest work. The first Neukirchen Mission have been diligently at work, missionaries are erecting the first yet much territory remained unoc- buildings in Iruvura under great difcupied. The Leipsic Society has, ficulties. therefore, decided to occupy new ter- Thus the great stretches of land ritory in the colony, while two other in German East Africa, where no German societies, Breklum and Neu- missionaries were located hitherto, are rapidly being taken up by the kirchen, will also enter. The Leipsic Missionary Society se- German societies, which are now reallected the Kilimanjaro region, and izing their special responsibility for two of its missionaries have occu- the German colonies.

pied Iramba. The new field is a AFRICA-SOUTH table-land with about 50,000 inhabit- A South African "Orient" ants, who are settled closely together.

T vVhile Roman Catholic missionaries HE next triennial conference of missionaries, representing all the have taken possession of Turu, which is south of Iramba, the regions of. agencies at work in South Africa, Iramba and of Isansu and Ijambi is to be held at Cape Town in are entirely unoccupied. The German July, and is to be made a very spe- Government is planning a railroad cial and memorable occasion. A mis- (Mpapua-Kilimatinde-Taboral) ,which sionary demonstration or exhibition will make the region easily accessible. on a very large scale is being or- The Breklum Missionary Society, ganized to show the place mis~ions which has had work in India only have occupied in the past of South

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 3II

Africa, and their intimate relation fered to any churches which wish to to the present situation and the pro- erect hostels in connection with the motion of harmony between whites college, and three important churches and blacks. Mr. J. Du Plessis, the have taken the first steps to this end.

historian of South African Christian The college, tho not giving formal missions, is organizing the exhibl- religious instruction, is to be Chris- tion, and Messrs. Thomas G. Howe tian in tone and character.

and F. Holderness Gale (who were Are Not "Rice Christians" actively interested in promoting The Orient in London) are cooperating. I N the Limpopo district, Portuguese The bioscope will play a very large East Africa, there are 10 native part in the demonstration at Cape workers-one third of the entire Town. A cinematograph operator number in this one district-who acis to be sent round the mission fields, cept no salaries, thus making a conand the films will be reproduced first tribution of about $600 a year toward hand in South Africa. native self-support in that one dis- trict.

Racialism in South Africa Dying Out Let Others Do Likewise BRITON and Boer are showing ad- T HE White Fathers, Catholic mis- mirable qualities in their way of sionaries on Lake Tanganyika, solving the difficult problem that con- have hit on a practical plan for fronts them in South Africa. Happi- checking the Mohammedan propaly the leading men are men guided by ganda which is carried on by Arab Christian principle, men who seem traders. They have trained the nato be honestly striving to apply the tives in trading, so that the needs of Sermon on the Mount to the demands the country are met by the inhabitof the situation. At a great congress ants, and Arab interlopers, with their of all parties recently held at Dloem- vices and their religion, are no longer fontein, General Botha (presiding) able to make a living there. exprest the hope that influences would Once a Savage, Now a Saint radiate from that gathering which TEWART WHITE, who pio- S would "sweep South Africa clear of neered English missions on Lake racialism !" The language difficulty is one of the most formidable, but they Tanganyika, tells of a chief in his have apparently discovered a way out, neighborhood, .who, in order to vex so that there seems every prospect the missionary, cut off the ears, nose that South Africa will be presently and lips of an old woman and sent them into the station with his com~ a great white man's country. pliments. Later his headsman, with T Wesleyan Work Prospering a raiding band, descended upon the HE English Methodist lIission in mission garden and beheaded three South Africa has 3,609 volun- of the men peacefully working there. tary workers (i.e., teachers, local. This headsman is now a Christian, preachers, and class leaders) on its and sits at the Lord's table with roll. It built last year IS new churches those he once persecuted. and opened 86 new preaching sta- tions. A Second Uganda N November last Bishop Peel re- I N December, 190 5, a g-reat conven- turned to Mombasa from a visita- A Notable Native Achievement I tion of natives, representing prac- tion in German East Africa, amazed tically every tribe in South Africa, at the great progress made since the decided to raise $250,000 for a South tour in 1907-8. In an account of his African native college. This has recent visitation the Dishop writes; now been practically pledged and "My eldest daughter, who has trav- the college is to be located at Port eled with me three times in all the Hare. Grants of land have been of- districts previously, is able to very

fully realize with me what a grand reduced to writing. Gazaland, on the change has taken place. It is diffi- East Coast, and the Portuguese terri- cult to convey to you a correct idea tory, Swazieland, Zululand, Pondo- of what is happening. Heathenism land, all have thousands of natives is hard hit in the whole field. All who are still without the Gospel. hostility has vanished in places in They are sadly degraded through which, to say the least, there was no beer-drinking and heathen customs, welcome in past days. In every part but their sad condition can be reme- which the missionaries and their Af- died only by the preaching of the rican helpers can possibly reach there Gospel. Thus the missionary needs is interest and readiness to be in- of South Africa are numerous and structed, and in very large areas great. there are very active efforts to attend the teaching given."-c. M. S. AMERICA Gleaner. A Fitting Centennial Celebration The Needs of South Africa I T was a happy thought on the part THE South Africa General Mission of the officials of the American was organized in 1894, out of Board to keep the hundredth annithe older Cape· General Mission, for versary of the ordination of its first the evangelization of nonchristians, missionaries, Judson, N ewell, Hall, for the rousing of the Christian Nott and Rice, in Salem, and in the Church to a holier life, and for the same church, hy ordaining five other aid of existing evangelical missions missionaries soon to sail, Harlow, and churches in Africa. Its fields Holmes, Lette, Lyman and Maas. are the whole of South Africa, Nyasaland, and Portuguese East Af- Thirty-six hundred were in attendrica. During 191 I there has been ance at the services of the day, which encouraging development in the well- scores of persons said was the most established centers in South Africa. impressive ceremonial they ever wit- At Lutubeni, the Lord has sent a nessed. very definite revival, which still continues. In Gazaland the attendance Christian Endeavor Moving On at the missionary schools has increased, while the numbers of in- SINCE July, 1909, no less than 10,- quirers seem to point to definite re- 345 new societies have been added sults. In Northwest Rhodesia the with 1,002,500 members. The worldwork is to be extended to a new cen- wide organization has 79,977 local ter or centers, while in Nyasaland bodies, which have 3,953,850 memevidence of the persevering labors of bers. China alone has 781 societies, the missionaries is appearing. In and India 1,337. Pondoland and in Transkei varied experiences of encouragement and Shansi Day at Oberlin disappointment have come to the workers. In Swazieland the youth- A GREAT event of the Oberlin ful king and his mother have shown College year is Shansi Day, when friendship and confidence to the mis- the college subscriptions are taken sionaries, while the work in Zululand for the benefit of the "new Oberlin has been a constant source of en- in China," now four years old. Alcouragement. ways the day following the Day of Prayer for Colleges, it is well ad- To the westward of Northwest vertised a week in advance, but no- Rhodesia there are many tribes which body dodges the collection! The big are unacquainted with the Gospel. chapel is unusually well filled, and They are farmers and cattle-raisers, all come for business. To raise $2,000 and have a dialect which may readily in ten minutes for a foreign mission- ary enterprise is something worth seeing. And to do this in a con- gregation of college young people, one-third of them more or less self-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

supporting, is perhaps unusual. But Christian service started. Thirtythey do it, and more. one years have witnessed a tremen- dous growth. According to the last The Harvest Great, the Laborers Few :eport issue~, out-of-door army meet- mgs numbermg 173,000, were held in TWENTY-FIVE of the principal twelve months, with an estimated at- tendance of some I 5,000,000. Inforeign missionary societies of door meetings of the Army num- bered 2I5,000 in a year, attended by the United States and Canada have 8,000,000 adults and 1,500,000 chil- dren. It is no unusual sight for sent to the "Student Volunteer Move- sinful men who have been touched on the street corner to follow the ment for Foreign Missions" urgent band of workers into the hall or bar- racks, and there give their hearts to calls for 629 qualified men and women, God. Those claiming their conversion whom they wish to send to the mis- last year through this method number 46,554. sion field this year. This list in- A College for Religious and Social cludes a request for both men and Workers women. The men desired are 244 HE American Interchurch College ordained and: evangelistic workers, T for Religious and Social W ork- ers, at Nashville, Tenn., is being or- 48 physicians, 50 teachers, and a ganized by educators to meet the needs of the South. Its board of number of practical business men. directors is composed of some well- known Christian leaders and educa- The women desired are 114 evan- tors. Among the special reasons for its organization are: gelistic workers and Bniobrlematleatcehaecrhs~ 82 trained college or ( I) That there is not in all the South, east of the Mississippi River, ers, 26 physicians, 22 nurses, and a any school adequately equipped for the training of laymen and women as number of kindergarten and music spec!alists m religious and social servIce. teachers, orphanage directors, etc. (2) That five denominations, the Laymen's Movement Plans Y. M. C. A., and the Y. W. C. A. urgently need training schools in the OUR Laymen's Missionary Move- South, but that they can not estab- ment, with its general staff and 20 lish separate and adequate training schools, because it takes at least a salaried secretaries, issues its policy half million dollars for the endowand program for 1912 and 1913 as ment and equipment of each. follows: To keep world-wide missions in the minds of laymen; to co- (3) That Northern training schools operate with denominational move- do not enlist enough Southern stuments to organize every church for dents to supply the demands of the missions; and to increase information South. concerning missions, and contributions from laymen to them. It an- (4) That the South probably needs nounces again its supreme function trained workers more than any other to leadership, and this leadership it part of the United States, on account will seek to apply both to the move- of rapidly changing social and ecoments within various religious bodies nomic conditions, of illiteracy and and to the organized and official attendant evils, and of the large nemissionary societies. As methods it gro population. proposes five metropolitan centers, and suggests New York, Boston, Chicago, Richmond, and Toronto as such centers. At great conventions to be held at these centers it would secure as speakers men whose missionary message will command attention.

THEA Year of the Salvation Army Salvation Army in the United States had its beginning in Philadelphia in 1880. In an old building which had been used as a place to repair chairs this form of

The Nashville Institute for the schools of North America during the Training of Negro Christian W ork- last five years. If we include the ers is to be a department of the young men of the senior department American Interchurch College, but with the men of the adult departments, entirely separate and distinct from and all the men who are officers and the institution for white students. teachers, we should find probably that Its board of directors asks for its there are from two and a half to three support because there is not in all million young men enrolled in the the world an adequately equipped schools of this continent. negro institution for the training of laymen and women as religious and What Every Church Should Have social workers, because there is not a sufficient number of negro stu- ACCORDING to the Men's Missiondents being trained in Northern insti- ary Movement, to every church tutions to meet the growing demands these four adjuncts are essential: for workers among the negroes of the South, and because the colored I. A missionary committee to work denominations are unable to establish with the pastor in enlisting the entire and operate their own separate train- membership. ing-schools. The first session of the school will be opened on September 2. A period of intensive missionary 12, 1912, at No. 323 Sixth Avenue, information and education once each N., Nashville, Tenn. year, continuing through at least two or three weeks, preparatory to an A conference of missionary train- every-member canvass for missions. ing-school workers is to be held in This should be in addition to general St. Louis in connection with the Re- missionary education throughout the ligious Education Association. year.

New York a Native or Foreign City? 3· The adoption of the weekly basis for missionary offerings-instead of OF every 100 white residents of an annual or occasional collection- Manhattan, only 51 are native with a simple and effective collecting Americans, and only 14 have native device such as the duplex envelop. American parents. In the Borough of Queens, 70 out of a ·chance 100 4. An organized and complete perwhites are native born, but even in sonal canvass of every member and Queens only 29 of the 100 are of congregation once each year by groups native American parents. Of a.ll the of two men each, after proper preparaelements of the population of Ne~ tion for their work. York, the most nearly "native American" are the negroes. The majority Agitation for Universal Peace of the 91,702 negroes in New York City are not only themselves native A N exchange thus sums up the first born, but come of native parents and year's work of the Carnegie grandparents.-Christian Advocate. Foundation for the Promotion of In- ternational Peace: "The Carnegie I The Greatest Men'. Organization Foundation for the Promotion of In- T is estimated that about 40 per ternational Peace, now a year old, has cent. of North America's Sunday- established a summer school of interschool army of 15,000,000 are over national law at The Hague, adopted eighteen years of age; and one of the an unexcelled program for the study most remarkable features in the re- of the causes of war, started an intercent development of the Sunday-school change of professors and publicists is found in the large number of men between Latin-America and the Unitidentified with it. Probably 500,000 ed States, has sent President Eliot men have been added to the Sunday- upon a peace journey to Asia, and has accomplished much more for interna- tional friendship and the abolition of war."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese Converts in America organizations among Chinese students in the United States, viz.: the Chinese A YEAR or two ago 20 Chinese Students' Alliance (social chiefly), the students in the University of Illi- Academy of Arts and Science (ennois were gathered into a Bible-c1a~s couraging investigation of knowledge) in the Urbana Methodist Church, and the Chinese National Union none at the time being Christians. A (political). Almost all the important recent investigation shows that 17 offices in these three organi~ations are have confest their faith in Christ, filled by the members of the Chinese and the three remaining are deeply Students' Christian Association this interested in Christianity, altho not year. yet definitely committed to a change of faith. These young men will re- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN turn to China to assume positions of large influence in the new nation. Chinese Students' Christian Union of Chinese Students' Christian Association Great Britain and Ireland THE purpose of the Chinese Stu- I N the early part of 1908 a few dents' Christian Association is to Chinese Christian students met in unite all the Chinese Christian students London for prayer and Bible study. in North America for the promotion Others joined the little circle, which of growth in Christian character and after a few monthly meetings, was for carrying on Christian work for organized into the Chinese Students' and by the Chinese students. It was Christian Union of Great Britain and organized in Hamilton, N. Y., in Ireland. Its aims are to establish September, 1909, with 20 Christian and strengthen the members in the and 35 non-Christian Chinese students knowledge and love of God, and to (out of a total of 470 then in the seek to bring other Chinese students United States) present. In I9IO it to a knowledge of the Lord Jesus was divided info four departments, Christ. Seven or eight Chinese stuviz.: the Eastern, the Middle West, dents have been brought to Christ the Western and the Women's De- through the instrumentality of the partments. Twenty-seven classes for members of the Union. Some of them Bible study were especially organized have returned to China after the comfor Chinese students by the associa- pletion of their studies. The Union tion during that year, while three con- has now 47 members, of which 31 ferences were held during the sum- are active members; that is, Chinese mer. At present it has 330 members. students. It has been the means of The importance of the Chinese uniting the Chinese Christian students Students' Christian Association be- in Great Britain and Ireland, and has comes apparent when we hear that done much to strengthen its memthere are now 362 Chinese students bers spiritually. in the leading universities of the United States, and altogether over 800, in- EUROPE cluding 60 girls in universities and secondary schools. Michigan heads Waldensians of Italy Pressing Forward the list with 56, then comes Cornell THE men of Italy are to-day pracwith 46, Columbia with 45, Wiscon- tically without a religion: They have largely become indifferent to the sin with 35, Illinois with 41, Berkeley Roman Church, dissatisfied both with with 22, Harvard with 21, etc. From its teachings and its interference in these men will come China's future State affairs. Antagonism between lawyers, educators, doctors, engineers, Church and State continues. There in fact, leaders in every walk of life. are fewer pilgrimages to Rome, and They will play an important part in national feeling is increasing at the the regeneration of China. expense of the Roman Church. The Waldensians are taking advantage of There are three other important this disaffection and are aggressively

pushing their work. From their orig- into one, the Societe Centrale Evan- inal valleys, southwest of Turin, they gelique.

have dotted Italy and Sicily with This society is unable, however, to churches and mission stations, and meet the religious needs of these dis- have extended their work to Egypt, semines, or scattered Protestants.

Argentine and Uruguay. Most of the How great these needs are may be larger cities of Italy now have self- seen from the following facts. In sustaining Waldensian congregations, the department of Cantal, in southern and buildings commensurate with their France, there is no settled Protestant needs. In Rome a large new building minister. In the Basse Alps there is is rising across the Tiber. one Protestant minister, serving a Everywhere this once persecuted mission station supported by the people is gaining esteem. This may Evangelical Society of Geneva, but be seen from the fact that the three there is no other Protestant church.

governesses of the children of the The departments of Aube (close to Italian king and queen are 'vValdensian Paris), of Indre, of Landes (in the young women. The Waldenses num- extreme southwest), of Mayenne, of ber among their members many of Vienne, of Sarthe, of Morbihan (in the leaders in business and profes- southern Brittany, where once the sional life in the various cities of Italy. McAll Mission had a prosperous Marconi, the inventor of the wireless work), and of Corsica, have one telegraph, is a member of the Walden- Protestant minister each. Nine de- sian Church in Leghorn. partmen ts with only one Protestant church or mission station, and one Russia and the Bible 111 inister each!

G ENERALLY, Russia has prohib- Eleven other departments have ited Bibles that do not contain only two Protestant churches and the Apocrypha or spurious books. two ministers each, while there are Occasionally, the presses of the Holy still others with only four or five Synod have printed an edition without churches or mission stations.

the Apocrypha, but even now the The Protestant churches of France British and Foreign Bible Society, are scarcely able to meet their own which agrees entirely with the Ameri- needs, yet they are doing their best to aid the scattered Protestants in can Bible Society on this question. is their relig'ious destitution. These deseeking permission, in vain, in order scendants of the Huguenots should not be neglected. to circulate another such edition. Consequently, its colporteurs can circulate only such portions as the Pentateuch, OBITUARY NOTE Psalms or the New Testament, never an entire Bible in Russian, without the Rev. A. Boegner, of Paris Apocrypha. P ASTEUR A. BOEGNER, who FRANCE visited America a year ago in Religious Needs of French Protestants the interests of French evangelical missions. died in Paris recently from FEW people realize that there are the result of a stroke of apoplexy.

in many parts of France numer- He was the director of the "Societe a ous descendants of the Huguenots, des Missions Evangelique ches les who are almost destitute of religious Peuple non-Chretiens Etablie privileges. In their behalf the Frencll Paris," otherwise known as the Paris home mission societies, the Societe Evangelical Missionary Society. He Centrale and the Societe Evangelique, was a leading figure in French Prot- were founded, the first early in the estant religious and missionary· circles nineteenth century, the other some and a man of fine Christian spirit, years later. Both are now merged ability and devotion. AND MISSION LANDS OTHER SHEEP. By Harold Begbie. 8vo, fuses faith and superstition (calling faith "a stumbling-block to the evo- 355 pp. $1.50, net. Hodder & Stough- lution of humanity"), he shows that ton, London; George H. Doran, New faith in Christ and His Gospel is York, 1912. the great essential to true progress. lIr. Begbie would be more in his "Twice-born Men" was a strong element if he would confine himself to narrative and omit his philosophy. book, with remarkable stories of men In the former he excels-in the latter he fails. converted through the instrumentality CHRIST AND ISRAEL. By Adolph Saphir, of the Salvation Army. Me Beg- D.D. 12mo, 227 pp. 3s. 6d. Morgan bie's later volumes, however, have & Scott, London, 1911. contained too much of Me Begbie Adolph Saphir, the capable and deand his philosophy, and too little of voted Jewish Christian, was a man of thorough knowledge of his people God and His Word. This latest con- and of God, as revealed in Christ and His Word. An earnest Christribution to the philosophy of con- tian can not read this volume without having his faith stimulated in the version deals with India and the Sal- Dible as the Word of God and in the divine purpose to redeem Israel. vation Army. The author visited that Dr. Sophir records the fact that the fruit of Jewish missions is not empire for a very brief time, and small, as is often supposed, but that twenty-five years ago 300 converts saw its people, its missionaries and from Judaism were occupying Chris- tian pUlpits. He truly says that 'fonly mission work largely through the a true Christian can understand the claims of the Jews, because they only eyes of Commander Booth Tucker, know that the righteousness of the law and mere morality are not sufthe Fakir Singh, of whom he presents ficient."

a strong, attractive portrait. Mr. CHRIST AND HUMAN NEED. Addresses at the Conference on Foreign Missions Begbie is enthusiastic in his esti- and Social Problems, Liverpool, Janu- ary 2 to 8, 1912. 8vo, 210 pp. 25, net. mate of Salvation Army work, .but Paper. Student Volunteer Missionary Union, London, 1912. not always safe in his judgment; he This report has been issued in recquotes the Bible and commends the ord-breaking time. The volume con- tains the addresses of the Fifth Quadconverts, but he is weak in his un- rennial Conference of the British Student Volunteer Missionary Union. derstanding of the teachings of the It was the largest ever held, having a total registered attendance of 2,093 Bible as to Christ and his salvation delegates, including ISO from abroad -Austria, Bulgaria, Russia and Tur- Mr. Begbie is effective in his narra- key. The social problems were giv- tives of conversion, but weak in his explanation of the causes and meth- ods. He is picturesque and graphic, but his philosophy is tiresome and does not grip or convince. He mis- interprets some missionaries in say- ing that they teach God as the "au- thor of their damnation," or that they so present God as to make Him con- founded in the Hindu mind with the devil. Mr. Begbie also fails to un- derstand the Atonement as taught by missionaries ..

Notwithstanding some conspicuous wboeoakk.nesIstes~ehveoawlsevethr,e this is a strong need in India in glaring colors-a need which only Christ can supply. It also shows the effect of simple Christlike life and teaching on the Hindu mind. In spite of the fact that the author conen a prominent place in the program, as abutlt 70,000, a total of 146,508. and the delegates were made to feel The majority of Roman Catholic their responsibility for the reproach Christians are in the Nagasaki provupon Christ because of social condi- ince, and are the result of the work of tions at home and abroad. Francis Xavier, his associates and successors, three centuries ago. Be- In the morning and afternoon ses- tween eight and ten thousand Protsions the case was examined and diag- estant church-members are added each nosed. The darkness in non-Christian year. lands was revealed in its causes and consequences. In the evening ses- THE GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA. By Horatio B. sions the remedy was presented in Hawkins, M.A. 4to. Commercial Jesus Christ-a series of addresses Press, Limited, Shanghai, 1911. dealing with His character and life, His place in history, His death and The appearance of this atlas does resurrection and His indwelling. great credit to the Chinese press from which it is isuued. The maps are One noticeable feature in this con- clear and simple, but not at all comvention is the number of speakers plete in their location of cities and whose names are new to American towns. The general description is readers. Few of the famous mission- excellent, but elementary. Englishary advocates were present, but there Chinese students have the advantage was, nevertheless, evidence of spir- of proper names, being printed in itual fervor and power. The report both languages. The volume is well contains not so much a series of edu- illustrated to show the character of cational papers on mission lands as the country, ancient and modern eninspirational addresses on spiritual gineering feats, views of cities and of needs and ideals-brotherhood, social villages, trades and customs, schools betterment, religious charges, unrest, and temples, industries and trades. educational work and intercession. Each province has a separate map and chapter. The volume could not, in THE CHRIsnAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. any sense, take the place of such an Edited by Daniel C. Greene. 12mo,600 atlas as that of the China Inland Mis- pp. The Kyobunkwan, Tokyo, Japan, sion, prepared by Mr. Edward Stan- 1911. ford, but it is most interesting and useful for a general elementary study This ninth annual issue of the or reference book. Many of the Japanese Mission Year Book con- photographic illustrations are of tains much that is of great interest, unique interest. for the past year was one of great historical importance. Christianity is ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE CAMEL COUNTRY. making it,S way, Japan as a nation is By Dr. and Mrs. S. M. Zwemer. Illusreaching out, and ethical ideals are trated, 8vo, 125 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming changing. Dr. Greene has given us, H. Revell Co., 191 L not a missionary year book only, but one that deals with all phases of J ap- Arabia, the land of the horse, the anese life. The foreign affairs are camel. spices, gems, dates, pearls and considered, the anarchist plot, the Islam, is here delightfully presented politica! parties, commerce, education, in pictl1re and story for the benefit of industrial conditions and the religious children of all ages. Dr. and Mrs and missionary situation. Like its Zwemer are charming guides, for predecessors, this volume will be eag- they .>peak the language of the naerly welcomed and frequently con- tives, they know the customs and the sulted by all deeply interested in the historY, they see the most interesting progress of Japan. The official places and people, and are fuIJ of statistics of Christian churches (De- cheery, good humor, and Christian cember, I 909 ) gives the number of common sense. We commend the Roman Catholics as 62,158, of Greek book highly for interest and informa- Catholics as 15,098 and Protestants tion.

12 ] BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

AN OPEN LETTER TO SOCIETY. From Con- CHUNDRA LELA. By Z. F. Griffin. 12mo, vict 1776. Introduction by Miss Maud 84 pp. SO cents, net. Griffith & Row- BaBington Booth. 12mo, 160 pp. 75 land Press. Philadelphia, Pa., 1911. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. Chundra Lela, the converted Hindu priestess, was a famous convert, The "nameless writer" writes from whose story has been frequently told. the standpoint of a prison cell. The The writer of this memoir, a missionletter is not bitter or prejudiced, but ary in India, was personally acquaintis candid, clear and convincing. It ed with Chundra Lela, and from her arraigns modern conditions in prison lips received most of her story. It is life, and those who know and care brief and of deep interest-an excelwill admit that most of his charges are lent book with which to answer artrue. The evils are not perhaps so gla- guments against the good results of ring as those that existed fifty or sev- foreign missions. enty-five years ago, when Charles Reade wrote his "Never Too Late to DR. ALEC'S SONS. By Irene H. Barnes. Mend," but they are none the less Illustrated. 12mo, 192 pp. Is. 6d. bad and should be remedied. The London Missionary Society, 1912. writer objects to the general assignment of criminals to one "criminal Those who became acquainted with class." He has some wise remarks to Dr. Alec will be glad to follow the make on punishment and its effects. f.ort~nes of his sons. It is a story of The picture of the peniteniary, its hfe III England and how the boys' inmethods and value furnishes food for terest in foreign missions was awakthought. The effort of courts of jus- ened and directed. Adventure and tice is, as a rule, to punish, not to re- sentiment add the usual relish, but dress or reform and, therefore, the the purpose of the book is clear and penitentiary is often a curse to society strong. The tone is wholesome and rather than a blessing. the interest well sustained.

Convict 1776 believes and says EVERY MAN'S RELIGION. George Hodges. much to prove that "fear of the law 12mo, 297 pp. $1.50, net. The Macmildoes not result in reformation." He lan Co., 1911. rightly holds that one who desires to commit a crime is in reality a crim- Dean Hodges, of Cambridge, in his inal, and therein he follows the teach- essays on religion, says that "the ing of Jesus Christ. No. 1776 also background of every man's religion is holds that when a man 'ceases to de- the fact of mystery." This is, no sire to commit a crime he ceases to be doubt, true, but the basis of the Chrisa criminal. He believes in giving tian religion is the fact of revelation. convicted men a chance to earn an These essays take up some of the imhonest livelihood, to learn a better portant problems of religion in conway of life and to have' awakened nection with revelation, miracles, within him a desire for better' things. character, the world, the flesh .and the He suggests that punishment fit the devil, happiness and eternal life. To crime, and that offenders against pros- us and to many others, Dean Hodge's perity be compelled to work to re- view of the Bible is inadequate. He store what they have injured and to calls it "A number of the most useful pay the expense of the legal action- of the books of religion, bound tothat is all. gether. They contain the experiences and conclusions of men who were The letters are exceedingly well masters of the religious life." His written and are worthy of careful view of inspiration accepts errors in reading. They do not deal with of- the Bible "in science, history, morals, fenses against God, or with the power and even in theology." He rather beof Christ to regenerate a life. This lieves that the Bible is merely a recis natural, but it is also the weakness ord of the experiences and views of of the plans of reformation suggested. uncommon people-those who were able by nature to make spiritual dis-

coveries. Nevertheless, he believes THE S'JORY OF [(OREA. By Joseph iI. Long- that this revelation is a disclosure of ford. 8vo, 400 pp. lOs. 6d., net. 1'. God. Fishel' Unwin, London, 1912. Dean Hodges believes in some THE STOLEN BRIDEGROOM AND OTHER EAST miracles and explains their use, but INDIAN IDYLLS. By Anstice Abbott. Il- he relegates the story of Jonah to fic- lustrated, 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming tion, and other miracles to poetry or H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. parable. He views the devil as the spirit of evil rather than as an evil FARMERS OF FORTY CENTURIES, OR, PERMA- spirit-a personality. Every man's re- NENT AGRICULTURE IN CHINA, KOREA AND ligion is an attempt to expound relig- JAPAN. By F. H. King. Illustrated, ion .as a philosophy rather than as a 441 pp. $2.50, net. Mrs. F. H. King, supernatural revelation. Madison, Wis., 1911.

THE OLD FAITHS AND THE NEW GOSPEL. CHIN A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. By Rev. A. B. Simpson. 12mo, 161 pp. The Annals of the American Academy The Alliance Press, New York, 1911. of Political and Social Science. Janu- These addresses are in marked con- ary, 1912. Per year, $6.00; per number, trast to the papers by Dean Hodges. $1.00. Issued Bimonthly by the Ameri- They combat the modern views of theology as to creation, Biblical criti- can Academy of Political and Social cism, the place of ethical culture, Science, Philadelphia. miracles and socialism. They also up- hold the belief and practise in modern A HISTORY OF WESTERN TIBET; ONE OF THE UNKNOWN EMPIRES. By Rev. A. H. divine healing. Dr. Simpson believes Francke. 2s. 6d., net. Partridge, Lon- in a modified doctrine of evolution so don. far as it is not inconsistent with the account in Genesis. His views are CALVIN WILSON MATEER. Forty-five Biblical; and (except on divine heal- ing) in simple, unscientific language, Years a Missionary in Shantung, he states the position taken by the China. A Biography. By Daniel W. majority of conservative Christians. Fisher. Illustrated, 12mo, 342 pp. $1.50, NEW BOOKS net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion, Philadelphia, 1911. . AMERICAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS. By Ki- yoshi K. Kawakami. 8vo, 370 pp. $2.00, THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. Daniel Crosby Greene, Editor. Ninth THE NEGRO AND HIS NEEDS.. By Raymond Annual Issue (1910). 12mo, 599 pp. Patterson, with foreword by President Taft. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell The Conference of Federated Mis- Co., New York, 1912. sions, The Kyobunkwan, Ginza Kyo- CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN TflE TELUGU COUN- bashi, Tokyo, 1911. ' TRY. By G. Hibbert-Ware. Illustrated, 12mo, 216 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G. House, SEVENTEEN YEARS AMONG THE SEA DYAKS Westminster, London, 1912. OF BORNEO. A Record of Intimate As- VILLAGE LIFE IN KOREA. By T. Robert sociation with the Natives of the Bor- Moose. $1.00. Smith & Lamar, Nash- nean Jungles. By Edwin H. Gomes ville, Tenn., 1912. M.A. And an Introduction by th~ Rev. John Perham. Illustrated, 8vo, CHARACTER-BUILDING IN CHINA. The Life 343 pp. $3.50, net. J. B. Lippincott Story of Julia Brown Mateer. By Co., Philadelphia, 1911. Robert McCheyne Mateer. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE CAMEL COUNTRY. Co., New York, 1912. Arabia in Picture and Story. By Sam- SOUTH AMERICA. By Robert E. Speer. Student Volunteer Movement, 125 East uel M. Zwemer and Amy E. Zwemer. 27th Street, New York, 1912. Illustrated, 12mo, 124 pp. $1.00, net.

CHRISTIAN AND MOHAMMEDAN. A Plea for Fleming H. Revell Co., New York . Bridging the Chasm. By George F. 1911. '

Herrick, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.25, THE LAND OF GOOD HOPE. By the Rev. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. Herbert Moore, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. 25., net. S. P. G., 15 Tufton St., Westminster, 1911.

TEN YEARS' REVIEW OF MISSION WORK IN MADAGASCAR. 1901-1910. With Notices of the Preceding Decade. 12mo 187 pp. London Missionary Society's Press, Antananarivo, Madagascar 1911. '

PRISCA OF PATMOS. A Tale of the Days of St. John. By Henry C. McCook, D.D. Illustrat.ed, 12mo, 318 pp. $1.25, net. Presbytenan Board of Education ' Philadelphia, 1911.

DOCTOR ALEC's SON. By Irene H. Barnes. Illustrated,. l~mo, 192 Pp. Is., 6d., net. Church MiSSIOns Society, London.