The Missionary Review of the World — March 1936

1936

This Enlarging World Arthur J. Brown Kil Sunju-Korean Evangelist c. F. Bemheisel Religious Destitution in Maine Charles W. Squires The Divine Constraint of Missions The Archbishop of Yark The Christianity the World Needs Frank C. Laubach From ~ondage to Liberty in Chile Laura Jorguera Foreign Missions Marching On Fred Field Goodsell 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year April 29-May 5-National Convention, Passages to Memorize Y. W. C. A., Colorado Springs, Colo. To encourage the committing to memo!)' of choice passages of Scripture, three serie. May I-General Conference, Meth- of four.page folders, six folders to a sertes~ have been prepared under the direction of odist Episcopal Church, Columbus, Helen Gould Shepard. Those who memonze these Scripture verse. store away spiro itual riches and those who scatter them will plant IiVlng seed. These folders are Ohio. envelope size and contain from thirty to forty verses. centering around one theme. May 12-15-National Council of Fed- The first series comprises the following titles. erated Church Women. Dayton, First captions only are given below. Ohio. 1. The Ten Commandments. Z. The Lord is my Shepherd. 3. God'. Glory and May 20-24-Northern Baptist Conven- Man's Dignity. 4. Prophecy of the MenIah's Su1ferings and Death. 5. A Saviour from Sin. 6. The Beatitudes. tion. St. Louis, Mo. Available in English, Arabic, Armeuia~ Armeno-Turkish" Bohemiau. Chinese (Man- May 27-General Assembly, United darin and Cantonese), Dutch, Finnish, >erman, Modern week, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese Roumaman, Russian, Mbdern Russian, Ruthe- Presbyterian Church of North nian, Spanish, Swedish, Yiddish, Danish, Hindi, Bengali, Japanese. Latvian and French. America. Pittsburg, Kansas. May 28-General Assembly, Presby- The second series: terian Church in U. S. A. Syra- cuse, N. Y. 1. God Desires to Help Those with the Right Spirit. 2. A Prayer of Mosca. 3. July 6-12 – Twelfth World's Sunday Four Parables of the Kingdom of Heaven. … All Thinp Work Together. 5. God's School Convention. Oslo, Norway. Word in the Heart. 6. Ten Commandments.

••• Available in English, Bohemian, German, Italian. Modern Russian, Polish, Por- tuguese, Russian. Rutbenian, Spanish, Yiddish. Hungarian. Arabic, French. Japanese Personal Items and Hebrew.

Rev. Lewis B. Chamberlain, D.D., The third series consists entirely of Messianic Prophecies. has retired as Recording Secretary of the American Bible Society. He was 1. The First and All-Comprehensive Prophecy. 2. The Betrayer. 3. The Messiah born in India, the son of Dr. Jacob from the Family of Jesse. … The Sulferings and Triumph of the Messiah. 5. The Chamberlain, and after his education Seventy Weeks (i. e., Sevens). 6. The Lord King Over All the ~rth. in the United States returned to India as a missionary for 25 years. Available in English, Bohemian. German, Hungarian, Italian. Polish. Hebrew. Span- ish and Yiddish. ••* The following miscellaneous pamphlets are also available. Rev. William Paton, Secretary of the International Missionary Ct oouunr c0il11 1>a….e. to Memorize. Series One. Caption lea1Iets for memorizing. has been making an extended Available in English, Arabic, Japanese, Cantonese. Spanis!Jt Yiddisb, Bohemian. North China, and is now spending Greek, French, Russian, PoIis!'J Ijutcb, German. Hungarian" Lithuanian, Portuguese, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, ukranian, and Italian. three months in India. Passage. to Memorize. Series Two, is availshle in English, Polish, Yiddish, Ger- man, French, Old Russian, Russian, Italian and Arabic. Dr. Graham *Sc•rog*gie, formerly a Old Testament Selectioa., particularly Messianic Prophecies is available in Eng. pastor in Edinburgh and recently in Iish. Bohemian, Greek. French, Ruaaian, Polish, Dutch, German. Hungarian. Lithuanian. New Zealand, is now established in Portuguese, Norwegian. Italian, Ukraman, Finnish and Swedish. London as Director of the Mildmay Atheism i. Folly. Available in English, Finnish, French. German, Italian, Russian. Polish, Spanish, Yiddish, Hungarian. Portuguese. Japanese, CantoDese, Modern Rna- School of Sacred Instruction. sian and Old Russian. A Duty to Warn. Available in Polish and English. Mah Nyein *Th*a, *headmistress of Morton Lane Girls' School, a Baptist How to Test Teachers. In English, Japanese. Portuguese, Hungarian, Old Rusinstitution in Moulmein, Burma, is in sian and Modern Russian. America under the auspices of the Oxford Group. She is a third genera- All the leaflets are sold at 1 cent each, 75 cents per hundred. tion Christian, her grandmother and However, to secure wider distribution, special consideration will be grandfather having been baptized by given to accredited Christian workers.

Adoniram Judson. Bible Ver.. to Memorize. This very attractive cloth book contaiu. all the Bible verses in Series One and Two and Messianic Prophecies together with the miscel· Dr. J. Wasko*m *Pic*kett was elected laneous leaflets. This book is an ideal gift to encour~e the memorizing of choice passages. A wealth of Biblical material ia at your dtsposal. A practical minded pastor or lay worker will find many uses for this Iiook. Pnce, 50 cents, postpaid.

Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY Church by the Central Conference of Southern Asia on December 30, 1935. 7 WEST 45th STREET Dept. M.R. NEW YORK, N. Y. He shares this office with the Indian Bishop J. W. Chitambar. and will then assume his office duties Miss Jenny *de•Ma*yer, the Evan- at the time of the retirement of Dr. gelical Russian Christian, who has Cleland B. McAfee next October. been in prison and exile in Russia (without trial or known accusation) The Rev. Ha*rol*d S*treet, American for over thirteen years, has at last been released and has taken refuge member of the Sudan Interior Mission in Switzerland. The only reason for and the Rev. John Trewin of Canada, Planned along ad- Miss deMayer's arrest seems to have were reported as having been impris- vanced ped.~ogical linea been that she was engaged in Chris- oned recently in Chencha, the capital to provide both Home and ClasS tian mission work, had translated the of the Province of Gamo, Ethiopia. lor the pupil. Varied Gospel into the Sart language and such as Quizzes, Reading Tests, True had received money from her sisters Mr. Street and Mr. Trewin were False Tests, and Completion Tests, living in other countries of Europe. stationed at Shamo, about two hun- the pupil to work out each lesson from The Rev. C•har*les* Tudor Leber, dred and fifty miles southwest of Ad- Bible lor hi..-U. pastor of the Green Ridge Presby- dis Ababa. It is said that the misterian Church, Scranton, Pa., has sionaries were arrested by an over- Interesting -:- Inspirational -:- Inlltrllctlive been elected to secretary in the Board zealous local chieftain because they of Foreign Missions of the Presby- were unwilling to leave the war dan- SHe! 8c 1ft Ib",,. Cor cuneft~ ttl~ terian Church, to take office about ger zone. They were immediately or- April 1st. He plans to make a tour dered released by Crown Prince As- SImples eI ou, Sund_, School pubHalton. and of some of the foreign mission fields faou Wassen who has permitted them Bible (:01,." lor YOIU''!! People', Sociflie' to return to their miSSIon station. Mftt tr. . on teqUPl.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD ice if you persuade others to become BMPRBSS regular readers of THE REVIEW. Here DELAVAN L. PIERRON, ]feUtor is what one of the leading preachers Real Comfort in North America has to say in a re- VOL. LIX MARCH,1936 No.3 cent letter: "The February number of by the THE MISSIONARY REVIEW is a gem. Publication and Business Oftlce– There are so many things in it which Fast Short Route Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. are helpful and inspiring. I do not know when I have enjoyed a number Reach Yokohama in 10 days. It's the Editorial and Executive Oftlce– more. You are doing a great work fastest, shortest Pacific crossing. Go 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. with that magazine. It reviews the on the sister-ships, Empress of Asia Entered as second-class matter at world field and inspires us all with or Empress of Russia, Or take the far distances of faith." Paradise route via Honolulu. Only Post Oftlce, Harrisburg, Pa., under 3 days longer. Go on the Empress of Act of March 3, 1879. REV. JOHN TIMOTHY STONE, D.D. CMcago, Ill. I apan (largest, fastest liner on the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. *** Pacific) or the Empress of Canada. Published monthly, except August. Very low round-trip fares. Lux- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. "This is just a little word of appre- British agents – Marshall, Morgan ciation of your wonderful magazine. urious First Class. Popular Tourist and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, My copies are passed on each month Class. Also, low·cost Third Class. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, to one of our National Mission work- 10 shillings a year. ers in a miner's camp. The articles Frequent sailings from Vancouver by Mrs. Stan~ey Jones and Dr. Frank (trains to ship.side) and Victoria. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- C. Laubach fitted in very well with Orient fares include passage to and LISHING CO., INC. our 'Youth Problem' meeting." from Seattle. California sailings con- nect with Empresses at Honolulu. BOARD OF DIRECTORS . MISS STELLA A. MINNEMEYER. Orient ports-of-calI: Yokohama, ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident Pittsburuh, Pa. Kobe, Nag:;lsaki, Shanghai, Hong WM. I. CHAMBE'RLAIN, Vice-President Kong, and Manila. WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer Obituary Notes • Also, Independent World Tours DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary as low as $583.80. II' SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Secure booklets and information MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Mr. Dwight H. Day, who was for from YOUR OWN AGENT, or any 18 years (1906-1924) the efficient Canadian Pacific office: New York, WM. B. LIPPHARD treasurer of the Board of Foreign Chicago, San Francisco, and 38 other Missions of the Presbyterian Church, cities in the U. S. and Canada. ERIC M. NORTH died in New York on February 9th. JESSE R. WILSON Mr. Day was born in Chicago fifty- ~@~ nine years ago, the son of Mr. and A. L. WARNSHUIS Mrs. Thomas C. Day. He was grad- TO THB uated from Yale University in 1899 SAMUEL M. ZWEMER and since he left the Board of Foreign ORIBNT Missions he has been an independent Editorial Chat broker. Mr. Day traveled widely, visiting the mission fields in Asia and Look on the back cover of THE RE- Latin America. He was greately be- VIEW if you wou:d like to see some of loved by a wide circle of friends. the interesting topics we plan to pub- Surviving him are his wife, Clara lish in our special numbers of THE Bradford Day, two sons and two REVIEW (June and Qctober). Both daughters. white and Negro writers will make these colorful and valuable numbers. *** *** The Rev. Roderick M. Gillies, D.D., honorably retired missionary under Does your pastor subscribe for or the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. read THE REVIEW regularly? If not, A., died at Wooster, Ohio, on Febwhy not? It will stimulate his inter- ruary 2d. In the 32 years which Dr. est in missions and will keep him in- Gillies spent in Siam, much of his formed on present world conditions time was devoted to itinerating in the and the progress of Christ's work in northern section of the country, all lands. (Concluded on third cover.) *** Is the missionary society of your church subscribing for and reading THE REVIEW? If not, they are overlooking valuable information and are missing much practical help in the preparation of missionary programs. Read "Effective Ways of Working."

WINONA LAKE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY WINONA LAKE, INDIANA BVANGELICAL SCHOLARLY INTERDENOMINATIONAL COURSES Almost a score of states (besides foreign countries) and an equal number of denominations represented each year. New Testament, Old Testament, The 1935 session had a oD% increase in registrations over 1934. The Holy Spirit, Greek New Testament, Psychology and Religion. Administration: Dr. W. E. Biederwolf, PreSident; Dr. Origin of Religion, Beginners' New J. A. Huffman. Dean. Testament Greek, and Critical Ser… man Delivery. Faculty: Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Dr. J. A. Huffman, Two semesters of 15 days each, Prof. Gea. H. Bast. Dr. Leslie Ray Marston, Dr. Howard T. July 9 to August 12. Work leading Kuist, Prof. Mable McQueen Weir. to regular theological degrees. For Ministers, 'Teachers, Missionaries and Send for 12…page prospectus at once to Laymen. DR. J. A. HUFFMAN, Dean, Marion, Indiana.

[113 ]

MOROS TO READ IN A MARKET PLACE IN

This chart method has now been discarded in favor of Individua l instruction of beginners by more a dvanced learners.

DR. FRANK LAUBACH AND SOME OF HIS MORO HELPERS IN THE PHILIPPINES (See pages 122 to 125) TEACHING MORO MOSLEMS TO READ BY A PHONETIC METHOD

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 3 MARCH,1936 Topics of the Times THE JAPANESE SHRINE PROBLEM peror and their readiness to take part in any cere- mony showing respect for him as their supreme Communism is supplanting religion in certain earthly ruler, and to honor deceased statesmen minds, as in Russia; nationalism is dominating and heroes. The Japanese Imperial Diet in 1932 religion in Germany, Italy and Turkey; even so appointed a committee to consider whether the the demands of patriotism and reverence for the required ceremonies involve religious worship and Emperor seem to threaten to raise the issue be- whether they could be revised to meet the con- tween loyalty to God and obedience to govern- scientious objections of Christian subjects. After mental edicts in Japan and Chosen. This should two years' consideration the committee failed to not be necessary. Loyalty to rulers is enjoined agree on any plan. Another committee has now in the Christian Scriptures and true patriotism is been appointed, with Dr. Tagawa, an eminent accounted a high virtue, in full harmony with the Christian, as chairman, to attempt changes in the supreme claims of God as the object of human language used so as to make the ceremonies clearly worship and obedience. nonreligious, as the Government declares them The Japanese constitution (article XXVIII) to be.

guarantees religious liberty "within limits not In the meantime, there is a serious issue and prejudicial to peace and order, and not antag- problem, especially in the minds of Korean Chrisonistic to their duties as subjects." For many tjans. While some secondary schools conducted years the Japanese have rendered to their Em- by Christians have obeyed the Government edict, peror what is regarded as practically worship. practically all the church officers and missionaries As late as 1934, when a Japanese Christian pastor look upon the ceremonies as worship at a nonexpressed doubt as to descent of the Emperor Christian shrine and say that the Government from the Queen G~ddess Amerarasu Omi-Kami, declaration does not change their nature. They he was imprisoned and fined. More recently feel that they cannot compromise by performing when a missionary referred to the Emperor as "a acts that should be connected only with the worman" he was warned by officials not to repeat the ship of the supreme God. Because of this refusal offence. one of the most eminent missionaries and Chris- The Japanese Government has issued a decree thin educators in Chosen has been deprived of his status in secondary school work. If some satisfacrequiring school children and other students to tory solution of the problem is not found there visit certain shrines at stated times, there to pay seems danger that the teaching qualifications of homage to the Emperor and to recognize the spirits of deceased Japanese heroes. The cere- all nonconforming Christian teachers will be canmonies at these shrines (Jingu) include offerings celled; in that case the Japanese Government may made to these spirits, bowing to them, and as- either close the Christian schools or take them suming an attitude of reverence before a picture over entirely.

of the Emperor. In the meantime the missionaries, Chosen Chris- Christians in Chosen (Korea), where this edict tian leaders and Japanese are seeking a solution of the difficulty, either by persuading the Governhas recently been enforced, look upon some fea- ment to make some change in the ceremonies, or tures connected with these ceremonies as con- through a recognized interpretation of their sigstituting worship such as should be rendered only nificance such as will satisfy the Christian conto God. They declare their loyalty to the Em- [115 ]

science, or by securing permission for conscien- them to come without clouds in their eyes. Tell tious objectors to omit taking part in some features of the ceremonies. Evidently the question, them to come looking at the light that is on the Diana or Christ that faced the early Church, has not wholly disappeared. The missionaries and face of Jesus Christ and knowing how to laugh at other Christian leaders in Japan and Chosen need our prayers for wisdom and courage, with the impossibilities in His name." clear guidance of the Spirit of God. This is the voice of the world today, crying out OUR MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY for help. Young men and young women are ready The Christian Church has today the greatest opportunity it has had in generations. The world and anxious to go upon the great adventure of over people are disturbed and restless. Many are seeking earnestly for the stabilization of life's sharing love and salvation with the needy world. purposes and look for an anchor which will hold them to definite moral moorings, without knowing The only disturbing thing in the present situation where they may find this anchor. is that the great churches of America seem hesi- On a recent journey to Africa and the Far East I found the missionaries fully aware of their op- tant and uncertain. The world is lost and knows portunities. Despite the reduction of missionary appropriations, the withdrawals of missionaries not the way out. Wherever the Gospel is preached and the recession of missionary activity in the United States and Canada, they were forging people hear gladly and many believe, but how can ahead, undaunted, and unafraid. They are creative and courageous, preaching the Christian gos- they hear without a preacher and how can he pel of love and reconstruction, fully cognizant of its social implications. They are extending their preach except he be sent? W. G. CRAM. missionary ministry and activities into the broad areas of human aspirations and are coming to CONFERENCE ON THE RURAL CHURCH grips with human needs and human living. Many are obliged to "make bricks without straw." During the past eight years the Home Missions Council, with the cooperation of the Council of The resourcefulness of the missionaries, during Women for Home Missions and the Federal Counthe period when the missionary passion and sup- cil of Churches of Christ in America, has held port in the home-base churches have been in re- three national conferences; the Comity Confercession, is gratifying in the extreme. The mo~t ence in Cleveland (January, 1928), the Home Mishopeful thing I saw in the whole range of mission- sions Congress in Washington (December, 1930), ary activities was the enthusiasm and conquering and the recent Conference on the Rural Church, faith of the missionaries. It will be to the ever- in Washington (January 15-17, 1936). lasting shame of the churches, that sent them to the world's frontier and have promised to support Each of these conferences was made up of delethem, if Christians at the home base persist in the gates from all par.ts of the United States and from spirit of defeatism, with respect to the "world Canada. Each had its special emphasis and obenterprise." jective. The Comity Conference was concerned with principles of better cooperation between de- No backward pull is evident among mission- nominations to meet the need of our American aries. The national Christians in these lands are communities. The outcome of that conference was awake and alert, and are bearing constant and "The Five Year Program of Survey and Adjustconvincing testimony. There is no lack of appeal ment in the Field of Interdenominational Comity from the younger churches to the strong Christian and Cooperation in Home Missions." The report centers of the world for help in this critical time. is contained in the volume entitled "Home Mis- sions Today and Tomorrow." An African woman of the Batatela tribe in the Congo-BeIge sent a message to the young people The Home Missions Congress was by far the of America, saying: "Tell the young people of largest and most inclusive of the three national America that they came in the past and awakened assemblies. It considered the whole range of the our sleeping souls. Tell them we have peace but home missionary enterprises, and produced a we also have unrest-unrest because multitudes of body of data and missionary information which our people are lost. Tell the young people of has been distributed throughout the Church. It America to come, not cringing and hopeless. Tell has been generally regarded as the most signifi- cant home missionary meeting ever held in Amer- ica, and is frequently referred to as the authorita- tive deliverance on home missions.

The recent conference in the national capital was more restricted and specialized. It was con- cerned only with the rural church and was held in connection with the annual meetings of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. The total attendance was about four hundred, including 257 registered dele- gates, representing eighteen denominations, and coming from thirty states and Canada.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

As was pointed out by a discerning delegate, in Rev. Tertius Van Dyke related illuminating stories both the Comity Conference and the Home Missions Congress the rural church was considered of his own pastorate in Washington, Connecticut. as a problem, while'in this recent conference the rural church was considered as an .opportunity. The Fellowship Luncheon was a special feature In the prior conferences, the question was: What can be done to save the rural church? In this of the conference. Dr. Warren H. Wilson, the third conference it was: What can the rural church do to save the communities? dean of rural life specialists, presided and was The program was characterized by what it did mentioned as one of the six outstanding pioneers not discuss, as well as by what it did consider. A number of things were taken for granted. For of country church work. Dr. C. J. Galpin, for example, it did not discuss evangelism but included in its program a presentation of the Na- many years connected with the agricultural detional Preaching Mission to be held next autumn in twenty-five centers over the United States, and partment of the Government and an active laystated its conviction that evangelism is the first and basic responsibility of the Christian Church men in a country chur:ch, spoke on the layman in and must undergird all activities of the rural church. the country church; and Mr. Brooks Hays of the At the recent conference there was also noted Resettlement Administration of the Government the absence of special deliverances upon matters of general interest in our national life. The program answered the question: What shall we do about held strictly to the consideration of the rural church as a religious agency in the total life of tenancy? . the rural community. One big objective was to disclose the importance of religion to the rural On the general theme of Planning and Strategy life of America, and the unique opportunity and responsibility of the rural church as a guiding, in the Rural Church Advance, Dr. Malcolm Dana, serving and saving agency. a special champion of the Larger Parish Plan, The general impression was that the rural church of today is set in a combination of circum- read a striking paper on the elements of a satisstances and conditions that are both its despair and hope. It was made most evident that the factory national plan for the improvement of the church will either be crowded out by the factors and forces of modern rural life or it will find its rural church. life and power by meeting these factors and turning them into assets for the Kingdom of God. Findings* of the conference present a challenge . An illuminating scientific analysis of recent important population trends in rural America was to the Church, and definite recommendations to presented by Dr. O. E. Baker of the Bureau of Economics of the U. S. Department of Agricul- mission boards and rural churches. This confer- ,ture; and a discussion of recent social and economic trends which influence the church, by Dr. ence should result in a new advance in country Carl C. Taylor, of the Government's Resettlement Administration. The consideration in broad out- church life and work. One of the older leaders of line of how the church in town and country is relating itself to the present rural situa,tion, was the church said, "This conference could not have opened by Rev. Mark A. Dawber of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the been held ten years ago. We have come a long Methodist Episcopal Church, who gave a penetrating analysis of the rural church, pointing out way." Some of the younger rural ministers exboth its defects, and its possibilities. The study of the program of "The Rural Church of Tomor- pressed themselves as having had a new vision of row" was a most interesting and profitable discussion of how to reach the people of the rural the country church. One said, "I am going back community. Rev. Perry Smith of Southwest Harbor, Maine, spoke for the Larger Parish Plan and to my church a new man." WILLIAM R. KING.

FURTHERING THE GOSPEL IN MEXICO Gonzalo Baez Camargo, of the National Council of Evangelical Churches of Mexico, calls atten- tion to some benefits of the present agitation of the State against the Church in Mexico. While many officials are opposed to the activities of the Roman Catholic clergy in political matters and are determined to take education out of the hands of the church; still they have not succeeded in turning the Mexican people against religion. The following benefits may be noted as having resulted in evangelical work from the taking over of edu- cation by the State, from making church property communal property and from limiting the number and functions of the clergy.

1. The Protestant churches are beginning to ex- perience a spiritual revival, which is quiet but steady.

2. There is developing greater unity and closer cooperation under present restrictions. This is not organized union but the spirit of closer har- mony and fellowship.

3. There is a growing emphasis on united • These findings, with the papers presented at the conference, will be presented in a volume to be published about March 1.

prayer in the church. Each week day all the lives in the French Embassy and mingles with Protestant pastors of Mexico City meet for prayer Americans. It is commonly believed that this at 6: 30. A national convention of Evangelicals priest serves as a kind of agent of the Papacy.

for conference and prayer was recently held in The only Protestant service in the English lan- Pueblo. guage that is held in Moscow, so far as we are in- 4. Religion has become less formal and outward formed, is held about once a month by a chaplain and more personal and inward. In church groups of the Anglican Church who lives in Helsingfors.

less time is spent in organization business, giv- He comes to Moscow and holds a service in the ing more time for prayer. British Embassy for British officials and a few 5. Christian life and work are becoming more Americans.

spiritual as Christians face' difficulties and are led It seems time that American Protestants take to depend more on God. Less emphasis is placed the initiative in starting an English service in ·on numbers and financial strength. Church Moscow. The Soviet Government could not ob- schools cannot undertake secular training, but they ject if it were run as an American church because can devote themselves to Christian training in the the Soviets expressly stated that all Americans home and church-to character development and are free to worship God according to the dictates spiritual training. Outside organized activities of their conscience. In the Union American are prohibited so that more attention is given to Church in Berlin and in the American Church of personal evangelism. Paris even Jews and Roman Catholics come to 6. Laymen are doing much that was formerly the services occasionally to meet other Americans.

considered only the function of the clergy. This Nearly all come to Thanksgiving services and to is a great means of development. Memorial Day exercises, and Jews come even at 7. The women are coming forward and are en- Christmas time. Children are born in Moscow, tering a new and larger experience in service. tourists sometimes get sick and are compelled to They have union societies and a union paper, and stay a long time, and some American Protestants are becoming a greater force in church life. die on Russian soil. The right kind of minister 8. The Evangelical young people are taking should render great service to Americans on these more responsibility. They have formed "Chris- occasions. Usually, when people are far from tian Patrol" groups for personal work in the their native land they tend to degenerate and the slums; the camps are being conducted to train right kind of service in Moscow might help to hold leaders among Evangelical university students. soOme back from a life of sin. The right kind of man might also win converts from the ungodly. In the early Christian Church and in the days If an English-language service is held in Moscow of the Protestant Reformation, opposition and foreigners from other nations who understand hardship strengthened rather than weakened the English would, no doubt, come. Such a church Christian Church. With spiritual life and em- might never have a very large congregation and phasis on things of the spirit may we not expect would probably not be able to pay its expenses. the same results in Mexico? It should be backed by some Protestant organiza- AMERICAN CHRISTIANS IN RUSSIA tion in America. Although the number of British in Moscow is smaller than the number of Amer- There are at present about 2,.000 American icims, the entire British colony can be counted on citizens in Russia. The majority of them live in for sympathetic cooperation.

or near Moscow and in the other large cities. The minister sent to start the work should be Among them are Jews, Roman Catholics and some young enough to have a flexible mind but should who have no interest in religion, but there are be a man of experience. Any man serving as also many Protestants who would appreciate hav- pastor of such a church for a few years would be ing church services in English. It is estimated able to learn the Russian language and could ad- that about 15,000 tourists go to Russia every sum- vise Protestant Christians with reference to con- mer, a large percentage of them being Americans. dWons and opportunities.

A European correspondent who has recently been in Moscow made careful inquiries to find out God might send His angels to fly in the midst whether there might be the possibility of estab- of the heavens and proclaim the everlasting Goslishing there a Protestant church service in Eng- pel, but what would become of the believer? He lish for American and British people. When would be a dwarf and a cripple. The reflex in- America recognized the Soviet, President Roose- fluence of evangelistic effort upon the Church itvelt insisted that all Americans have full religious self is scarcely less important and valuable than liberty in Russia. The Roman Catholic Church the direct influence upon unsaved souls. has in Moscow a young priest, Father Braun, who ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Divine Constraint of

Missions* By the VERY REVEREND WILLIAM TEMPLE, D.D.

Archbishop of York ZACHARIAH'S song, which we call the Bene- the question whether anyone of these is true. dictus, begins: "Blessed be the Lord God of That is the first question. Israel, for He hath visited and redeemed His If the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is people !" true, it is true in the ordinary everyday sense of The first element in the divine constraint of the word, not in some remote rhetorical and emo- Christian missions is the sheer truth of the Gos- tional sense. Many have the habit of thinking of pel. We have the responsibility of making up religion as a kind of drug for the curing of the our minds whether or not we accept it as the truth. world's disease; we ask whether the Gospel suits But if we accept it as the truth, we have no longer the African or the Arabian, the Indian or the any real option in the matter of being or failing Chinese or Japanese. If we adopt this point of to be missionaries. If it is ,the truth, it lays upon view, we assume quite wrongly that the Gospel is us its missionary obligations. European. But it is not. Geographically it is "All authority is given unto Me in heaven and Asiatic in its origin, though at the point where in earth," said our Lord. "Go ye, therefore, and Asia is in contact with both Europe and Africa.

teach all nations." Therefore, because the author- If ,the Gospel of Christ is true, then the question ity is His, and because the only right and wise is not whether it suits us, but whether we suit it.

way for men to order life is under His authority, It is not the question whether it is adapted to the if they order it otherwise they are ordering it Arabians, but whether they are adapted to it. If foolishly and wrongly. not, and if it is the truth then we had better sub- The world is what God sees it to be. So far as mit ourselves to Christ and ask Him to alter us; our vision of it is different from His, it is a false we can't change ourselves. If you treat the Gospel vision, blurred and distorted by the impurities of as a drug, you are apt to say: "The diseases of our organs of spiritual perception. The truth con- the Western world are so-and-so and we think sists of the realities in the mind of God, and it is Christianity is the remedy for them; and the dis- only when we act according to the mind of God eases of India are so-and-so; and Hinduism is the that we act in accordance with the truth. Every- remedy for them." It would be rather odd if the thing else is making a mistake. culture which produced the disease also supplied The claim that all authority is given unto the remedy. Sounds like feeding the dog on its Christ, is either true or false. The power of the own tail!

Gospel depends upon its truth. In these days Truth is truth wherever you are. If an Ameri- there is much to confuse our perception on that can man of business should conduct negotiations point, particularly what is badly described as the with a skilled merchant in China who insisted on "science of comparative religion." Never use that adding up two and two to make five when he was expression, because there is no such thing as going to charge an account and to make three "comparative religion." Many people are com- when he was going to pay a bill, you would say: paratively religious, but it is not their beliefs and "Nonsense! Two and two always make four."

practice that are studied in this science-it is a You wouldn't be at all impressed if he were to comparative study of religions. reply tha,t such a rigid rule does not suit the mer- While this study may be interesting and very curial temperament of the Oriental. You would valuable and may help us to present the Gospel say, "Temperament be blowed! Two and two to the people of these traditional religions with a make four."

sympathetic understanding of their own outlook, If a thing is true at all, it is true always and this study is liable to take our minds away from everywhere. It is impossible that the Gospel –;;-C-;;-ndensed from an address delivered at the S. V. M. Conven- should be true for us without being true for everytion, IndianapoliS. Not corrected by the ~uthur. The full address body else If it is not true it is a delusion everywill appear in the Convention Report. Price $2.00. • , [ 119 ]

where. Its power to help us depends upon its has made His will and purpose known. Our claim truth and if it is true then things incompatible is that the Christ reveals this Father of all manwith it cannot also be true. Then everyone who kind and that in the Gospel is disclosed His charconducts life on any principle other than that of acter and purpose. It is possible that here is the Gospel is making a fundamental mistake. He the truth that the whole world wants; and we do is building his house upon the sand. not believe that there is not even the possibility of it anywhere else. Thus our first element in the The Obligation to Impart constraint of foreign missions is that the Gospel is true and is the one standard by which it is con- The Gospel is true for all, if it is true at all. ceivable that all men should be willing to be If so, then whoever receives it is under the in- judged. We may fail to live in harmony with that escapable obligation to impart it to others. Here standard but our failures will be failures either alone is the foundation on which to build a world of understanding or of weakness of character; civilization. On what principles is it to be built? they will be not failures due to divergence in the Are we going to discover these principles by mak- direction in which men wish to walk. ing a complex calculation of the various desires and aspirations of the different countries of the "I am the way," says Christ. We must claim world? We must not ignore them, but could there that He means it not only for individuals but for be any more shifting sand than that on which to all men, for nations and for races. He is the one build any great structure? A world civilization and only Way. must be built upon truth which affects basic human life. As Christians we believe that the Gospel The world vitally needs what Christ through of Christ is that truth. It is the one possible the Gospel can give. Is this only a claim; do the foundation on which a world civilization can be facts substantiate it? There is already the bereared. A great deal of the difficulty in bringing ginning of an acceptance of this claim in that about adjustments of claims between the nations process of redirecting the other religions under a and the races of the world arises from the fact Christian influence. Moreover there is the evithat .there is no agreement among them with re- dence of it in the fact reported from every quarter gard to the standard by which they agree that of the globe that as people come to understand their conduct should be judged. As long as they Jesus of Nazareth, they come to regard Him as admire different kinds of things mutual agree- their own fellow countryman. It is most astoundment on the things required for the progress of ing that from the villages of Africa, and the great mankind becomes impossible. plains of India, out of the civilizations of China and Japan, men fashion to themselves a likeness The truth that is most vitally needed to bring of Christ to make him as their own fellow countrytogether in one spiritual fellowship nations, now man. There is no other figure in the world about forced into communities by the abolition of dis- whom that is true. That it should be possible tance through the triumphs of science, is a simple when all this impression is based upon the brief standard by which all are to be judged. Until record contained in the four Gospels is utterly that happens there will be, strictly speaking, no amazing. solution at all to a great variety of problems. Until we have a common ground to start from The Fulfillment of All Hopes irresistible arguments can be advanced to support incompatible claims. What does this mean? I.t means that here in- deed is He whom the nations recognize as the ful- Some people have proposed that we abolish all fillment of all their own hopes and longings. our divisive beliefs, and gather together a con- Christ is in truth the "desire of all nations." As ference representing all the religions and moral the missionary enterprise goes forward, it peraspira,tions of mankind. Try to picture them, petually vindicates the principles on which it rests, with all the divergent traditions from which they because those things happen which ought to hapcome; shut them up together and tell them they pen if it is true. He claims all authority is given will not be let out until they agree upon their to Him and the nations of the world as they come common formula. They would probably not get to recognize Him, see in Him their own Lord. beyond saying it is very desirable that everyone He is not looked upon as an alien potentate imshould be good, while they would mean quite dif- posed lJPon them, but as their own to whom they ferent things by the word "good." naturally turn. When they depict Him in pictures for their children they make Him with the fea- There is no prospect of finding any standard tures and in the garments of their own people. which all men can rightly accept unless there is a God, who is Father of all mankind, whose love Again, if we are Christians, we believe that the embraces all mankind, so that in His purpose all gift that we have received from God through the will find their welfare secure, and unless that God Gospel is our greatest treasure. We may not al-

THE DIVINE CONSTRAINT OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

ways think that, because our feelings are still so it, by life at least, and by word when opportunity unruly and undisciplined; but with our minds, at comes. There is another term, greater than these, least, we believe this if we are Christians. in the real divine constraint; that is the hunger in the heart of God. If you rejoice in His love, Next we ask: What is the gift of God through how can you dare rejoice in His love when that the Gospel? The answer is that what God gives love is longing for an answer from those to whom through the Gospel of Christ is Himself. God is you might be declaring i,t, and you do not do so? love and if love is come into my heart it means That is the real divine constraint. Since our Lord that I become loving. Salvation means that a hung on His cross we have tried to see in that man is changed from being selfish into being lov- picture, drawn once for all by God himself, the ing as God is love. "We know that we have passed revelation of the love which is eternal in His heart out of death into life because we love the breth- -and still He waits. ren." Incidentally, this means that we are also delivered from the pains and penalties of being Our own response in our lives is poor enough, selfish and ungodly. but there are those multitudes to whom we might be turning, and still He waits. He honors us by If we have received the salvation of God, making us His agents, His ambassadors. It is through Christ, that means that our hearts are His will that the Gospel of His love should now be full of something which they cannot keep but made known through us, who have received it, or must give out. Your Christian experience is it will not be known at all so far as we can tell. something that you cannot possibly hold to your- He could, no doubt, do quite well without us, but self; you feel constrained to impart it to other because of His love for us and all men, He has people. Otherwise it is not God's best gift in the made it the priceless reward of those who receive Gospel; it is not salvation. But if what you have and obey His Gospel that they shall have the honor received is the gift that God offers, then you can- of being His ambassadors. not keep it to yourself. To receive it and to share it are parts of one experience; the two sides of We cannot penetrate far into the secrets of the the one precious coin, by which we may purchase Eternal mind and heart of God, but we do know ,that fellowship with God, which is Eternal Life. a little of what love means, and we know that the One side is His love given to us; the other side is divine love must be far more than any that is that love reflected in us toward other men. There known on earth, and we know that He is waiting is the Gospel of Life, so that wherever it is re- and that He invites us to be His fellow-workers, ceived, there of its own force it is passing out "That He may see of the travail of His soul and again to others. Those who receive it are nat- be satisfied." When we look out over this beurally and inevitably missionaries. wildered world, so sorely needing to know the Way of God and the power to follow it, let us not Every Ohristian a Missionary only remember that Christ is the Word that calls us to walk that Way, but that, after the passing We have often heard it said that anyone who of 2,000 years, there is the divine constraint to goes from a Christian country, so-called, to one give the Gospel to others. The uppermost thought of the other countries, has not to choose whether in every mind and the uppermost longing in every he will be a missionary or not, because he will be heart should be to witness for Christ. taken as a representative of Christianity. What he has to choose is only whether he shall be a good God, who has called us to be witnesses, knows missionary or a bad one, but missionary he will every limitation of ours, and yet He has called us be. In our day we must go further, because we -and think what it is to which He calls. recognize that the Christian nations are only half Christian, and wherever a Christian lives he must I began by quoting the opening words of the be a missionary, a good one or a bad one, but by Benedictus. Let me end by quoting its closing his life, by his influence, he is either drawing men words. "Thou, child,"-not only John the Baptist, to Christ, or sending them away from Him. but every child that has heard the Gospel of God's love-"Thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of But if to be a Christian is to be a missionary, the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of then think what our calling means. Think of the the Lord to prepare His ways; to give knowledge honor; think of the glory that can be if only we of salvation unto His people for the remission of are faithful as we bring the world to Christ by their sins" – not through any wisdom of yours – bringing Christ to the world. but "through the tender mercy of our God, where- by the dayspring from on high visited us, to give We have thought of the world's need and how light to them that sit in darkness and in the the Gospel of Christ and the Gospel alone, can shadow of death, to guide our feet" – where the meet it, even in this world, to say nothing of the whole world most needs guidance – into the way Life Beyond. We have thought of the nature of of peace. the Gospel itself and that to believe it is to preach

Christianity the World

By REV. FRANK C. LAUBACH, Ph.D., Mindanao, Philippine Islands ~- Portions of an Address Given at the Student Volunteer Con- vention, Indianapolis, Indiana, December, 1935* T HE Christianity the world needs is the kind others, but he cannot save himself," they uttered that Christ was. How did He differ from the one of the truest things ever spoken. rest of us and from other religions? In the That word spoken before the cross, still rings quality of His love. It was so hot and so far-reach- down the centuries: Choose, every man; you ing and so self-denying. cannot save others if you save yourself. Men who Contrast him with the world's best. Some peo- would save themselves have cursed the world, but ple say that Abdul Baha has combined all the best men who would not save themselves have helped and made the final religion. Listen to one of his to save the world.

prayers. "0 God, 0 God . . . open before my face the doors of prosperity. Give me my bread." No one knows what he is capable of until Imagine Jesus praying for his own prosperity! Christ's love sets him on fire. Nobody suspected Christians often do; Jesus never. that a young fisherman, named John, would catch on fire and write the world's sublimest book. No- Most men seek for those who can help them. body suspected that a little Jew, named Paul, Jesus gravitated toward need. From the moment would catch fire and try to capture the Roman He awoke in the morning until He closed his eyes Empire for Christ. Fascinating books have been at night He gazed right and left, asking: written of men and women who stood amazed at what they found they could do through His help. "Father, whom can I help and help. Whom can "I can do all things" they say in glad surprise, I heal, or teach, or encourage, or save, or defend? "through Christ." Who needs me next, and next?"

Every moment of his waking life was spent in this way until the people said: "The love in that Man's heart is hotter than the Why then has the world not been transformed? sun and wider than the world." For two reasons: If everyone spent his time like that, asking First, it is a bigger task than we realized. The only: "Whom can I help? Who needs me next?" world is very large, and we have a new generation we would have Heaven on earth. to deal with every thirty years. Though we may evangelize the world in this generation, it will God himself must be as good as the best; so need resaving at least three times a century. . . . the Apostle John wrote: "God is love." This is one of the highest tributes ever paid to God. The second reason the Kingdom seems slow in When Jesus fell under the Cross on His way coming is that the word "Christian" is being used to Calvary, the soldiers compelled Simon of Cy- as a label for a very cheap substitute for the rerene to take it up and carry it. Then His friends ligion of Christ. His demands are so terrific, so saw something of the meaning of His words: mind-stretching, that to become a real Christian Unless you take a cross and follow Me, you are means a funeral. The old self must die and be not my disciple. buried. But men have found a way to hang a sym- bol of the cross over their hearts instead of put- That terrible, final act on the cross made His ting it inside, where the old self remains very words and deeds real. Kind words and acts do much alive. not convince unless they cost something. When the Roman captain saw him hanging on the cross, The most tragic thing oJesus ever said, and the moaning: "Father, forgive them," he said, "Sure- thing He has had to repeat frequently since, is: ly this man was a son of God." The way Jesus died was too noble for human nature. "Why do you call me Lord, Lord, but do not the things which I command you?" When those who mocked Him said: "He saved "Ye cannot serve God and mammon," He said, vol•umThee, sfouolln rteopobret poufbltihsihsedadbdyrestshewSiltludaepnpteaVroliunntteheer cMoonvveemnteinotn. and Yet millions have accustomed themselves to [122 ] living compartmentalized lives, until they develop This thirtieth day of December has been the into well-meaning, sincere, self-deceived hypo- greatest day in the Philippine year. In every crites. town and village throngs have gathered reverently I think that the greatest hindrance to Christ in about the statue of a young man, which stands at non-Christian lands is that so many of us talk the center of every plaza in every town in the like Christians and act like heathens in business Islands. They have been commemorating the or social relations. death day of Jose Rizal, their martyred hero. He Michelangelo used to wear a light on his fore- is one of the most beautiful illustrations of sacri- head so that his own shadow would not fall across fice since Christ. As a mere boy Rizal saw his the picture he was painting. Today, the ugly self- mother thrown into prison for petty spite, his ish shadow of our pagan life stands like a dark neighbors robbed and beaten and exiled and. mur- cloud between Christ and the non-Christian world. dered. The pain struck into his young heart.

. . . It was because Russia saw so much of that "What can I do," he asked God, "what can I do kind of Christianity .that she now spurns the word for my family and my country?"

Christianity, or even the word God. It is bitter He had to flee from the Philippines at the age irony that she has adopted more of the economic of nineteen. Over Europe he went, seeking in principles of Jesus than have nations called Chris- every university and every book for the answer tian. It is this misuse of the word Christian that to his question. He found it at last in "Uncle led Mr. Gandhi to decide not to call himself a Tom's Cabin."

Christian, though in many respects his life is "I will write a book," he said, "which will re- equalled by few Christians. . . . Christian na- veal the truth about the Philippines as Harriet tions and Christian civilization-there are none. Beecher Stowe revealed the truth about slavery."

They have stolen the best Name in the world and When the book appeared his countrymen wept stretched it as a cloak over a wretched social or- and his enemies gnashed their teeth. Unable to der. . . . We have taken sacrifice out of the reach him, they chased his parents from their word Christian and have made it huge and pudgy. home and burned it, threw the bones of his rela- "Not by might nor by power" saith the Lord, "but tives out of their graves, drove all his brothers by my Spirit." and sisters into exile, began to destroy the very If we eould purify the word Christian so that town in which he had lived.

it contained Jesus' passion to serve and give life, Rizal, working on the sequel to his book, was there would be another Pentecost. driven nearly frantic at the news, but he finished his work. Then he said "They will never be satis- If the Christianity which we are offering to fied until I give them my life." He wrote two the non-Christian world seems unreal and false, letters, one to his relatives and the other to his Gandhi and Kagawa tell us to look in upon our- country. On the envelope of each he wrote: "To be opened after my death," and sailed to Manila selves and ask: and death. As they led him out to be shot he said: "Am I real? Do I live as I talk?" If reality is important in America, it is far more "My Saviour's sufferings on the cross were long exacting on the foreign field. Being a missionary and terrible. Mine will last but a moment. Fa- ther, I forgive every man from the bottom of my is much harder than I had supposed. We carry a Bible with us and say: "Read this wonderful heart." .

book." At thirty-five he died as nobly as he had lived.

But they cannot read it-they do not even try. His life of service, crowned with the supreme They keep staring at us. We are white, and sacrifice, has done more for the Filipino nation strange, and speak a dreadful accent. They can't than all the speeches made in four centuries. It has put a passion in noble Filipino hearts that will read books but they can read human nature. If we say: "Listen to the story of Jesus," they never die. But if you were to separate Rizal from do not hear the story; they are so interested in . his sacrifice, he would be just another man. He gazing at us. The Bible they read is our faces. has saved others from oppression and death be- The Christ they see is the missionary. If they fail cause he would not save himself.

to see Christ in us they have no interest in our Book or in our stories of Christ. This is a terri- If you would serve Christ with a burning heart, fying responsibility. This is why many mission- go into the slums, as Jane Addams or Kagawa aries I know have gone through a period of acute did, and let misery break your heart. Then people suffering, until they have given themselves up to will listen to you for they will know you are real.

Christ and to serve other'S in a new and more com- Young ministers who are juggling for a high sal- plete surrender. ary will never find a burning message. You can- not save others if you save yourself. Forget about

salary and go where the need is greatest. And if Books of Moses; Jabur-the Psalms of David; you cannot marry a girl who will go there with Kitab Injil-the Gospel of Jesus; the Koran! you, do not marry at all. "Friends," I cried, "you know the Koran, and I have been an unworthy man, with my past I know your first three holy books. We will share strewn with sins and mistakes, but there is one what we have." decision I made, thanks to a book written by Robert E. Speer. There I saw that Jesus gravitated Two punditas sat beside me as we translated toward the hardest place and the neediest people many of the Old Testament stories which we and and took the consequences. I made up my mind they believe, and the entire Gospel of Luke. that I would put my one life in the spot where I foun4 the most acute need. In the slums of New Then from Signal Hill came the thought of York I saw the great burning heart of Roswell teaching the Moros their own language with our Bates beating out his life against sins and pov- Roman letters. Not a word had been printed in erty until he died. their language, so we bought a printing press, adopted an alphabet, prepared lessons and began One day I heard that the neediest place on earth to teach. just then seemed to be the Moro field in the southern Philippines. I decided to go there. But when They have but sixteen sounds, and we thought we reached that country the government officials we ought to teach that small alphabet quickly. were having war with the Moros and would not With enthusiasm my Moslem friends experihear of our staying among them. I waited ten mented with me, trying a new plan weekly, until years, working in other parts of the Philippines at the end of a year they and I together evolved and then, in 1929, leaving my wife and son in the easiest method of teaching illiterates. We Luzon, I went to Lanao. I wrote to my father that can teach some people to read their own language, day: slowly but intelligently, in one day; our usual time is four or five days. Thousands thronged "I have at last arrived to undertake the most our school, and went out to teach other thousands, difficult task under the American flag and one of until two-thirds of the province were studying or the most difficult in the world." reading. Hadjis wearing turbans went about selling the Bible portions we had printed. We It was. Government officials opposed my com- discovered that to sit down beside a man and teach ing because they were having a hard task keeping him to read with your heart full of love is a wonthe peace. Most of the Moros did not know that derful way to win his friendship so that he will I was a missionary, and those who knew it disap- listen to anything you have to say. Positively I proved. My first year was the lonesomest, hardest believe many of those Moros would die for us. of my life. I thought I was facing disastrous fail- Last year one fierce old man I had taught put his ure. I climbed Signal Hill back of my cottage and arm around me and whispered in my ear: told God he had called me to a task beyond my powers. My dog Tip, under my arm, looked up in "You and I are the greatest friends in the my face and wondered at the tears. Night after world, and if there is anybody you want me to night I talked aloud from that lonely hilltop. One put out of the way, tell me who he is." night my lips began to talk, but they spoke to me: I often go to their mosques, and they return the "My child," they said, "You are suffering be- visit by attending in deep reverence our Christian cause I am not yet satisfied with you. I am in service. Last January, as I was leaving, four travail to set you a flame with Christ. How fully truck loads of Moro priests and datos and sultans can you surrender and not be afraid." followed us to the seacoast. They crowded the deck of the steamer. After they had made I flung up my arms and said: speeches, they asked the chief imam to pray. Very "God, if thou art speaking through my lips, reverently they held out their hands as he prayed come and do my thinking for me. Walk through that this American friend whom they had helped my brain, burn up my heart." to make the easiest method of teaching in the That lonely misery on Signal Hill six years' world, should have the blessing of Allah as he ago now seems to me to be the only thing in my started across the world teaching the Moro methwhole life you cannot take away for it drove me od to all the illiterate nations of the world. They into the waiting arms of God. From Signal Hill all wanted to go with me. As they kissed me good came the suggestion that I study the Koran. So bye with their Arab whiskers, many of them wept I told a Moslem priest that I wanted to study his as they said: book. The next day my house was crowded with Mohammedans, trying to make a Moslem out of "We will pray for you in every mosque in me. We discovered from a Moslem book, printed Lanao." in India that one man brought with him, that they believe in four holy books: Torah-the Then they bowed reverently as our Christian church members prayed and sang, "God be with you till we meet again." Hundreds of letters have come from Asia, Af- show me what, and give me power and faith and rica and South America asking about this method a stout heart to see it through." of teaching illiterates to read and write. More than half the people in the world are still illiterate. When the lawyer said: "the greatest command- India alone has 340 millions of illiterates, nearly ment is to love God and to love thy neighbor," Jethree times the total population of the United sus said to him: "Thou has answered right. This States, and China has even more. Most of the do." The soldier who laughed at Jesus and said: people of Latin America are illiterate, and Africa "He saved others, himself he cannot save" also is more than ninety per cent illiterate. Mission- spoke the truth. But truth not backed with life aries in many countries are baffled by the stupen- is a lie. The crucial question is not whether we dous fact that over a billion people cannot read the know the truth, but whether we make any act of Bible or any other book in any language. will in the face of a million years of instincts! A will to do in myself what I see all others must When I showed these letters to my Moro friends, they said "God wills it." You must go. The Mos- MORO BOYS IN THE MISSION LIBRARY lems have helped me never to ask whether I have ability, but only whether God calls me. There do, before the world will rise to the Kingdom of is a great map on the wall of our school, and God! A clear-cut act of choice. these Moros are drawing a broad red line on it to show where their method has followed me I see that the life of Jesus was real and I will through the Philippines, Malaysia, India, Egypt, loathe myself if I am a fraud. Action must click Palestine, Syria, Turkey, across Europe to the with truth in me. United States. Every week new doors open to larger ventures in such swift succession that they A tremendous corporate resolve to turn our make me catch my breath. I feel that the billion backs upon self and go with Christ to meet human illiterate half of the world, these forgotten men, need, that alone will satisfy God and it would rock lie heavy on the heart of God, and that He seems the world. eager to use anybody who will meet that titanic need. EVERY CHRISTIAN A SERVANT Six years ago I thought I was facing disaster. In the Christian the instinct to rescue-not less auto- Now I know that suffering drove me to act my matic than the instinct to self-preservation-is brought up love before I talked about Christ, forced me to out of the earth where self-interest has buried it. That enter this great needy field of illiteracy. When dynamic impulse-so ungovernable in its initial movement we understand more will we see that human suf- that a man will follow his fellow into fire and flood and fering is necessary to drive us out of stupid con- every visible danger before self-interest has checked itceit and prepare us for service? is not to be checked in the Christian. It is to be stabilized and shaped to the eternal uses of Love. That spark from The great need in our pseudo-Christian age is God is like the ray from the star Arcturus, which ani. for men and women who will serve daringly. We mated the persistent brilliance of a city where the beam do not need more good books so much as more fell. For all the lights in all the windows of all the houses good men and women sharing the sufferings of of rescue in the world are but the obedient children of the West Virginia coal fields, or South African gold Father of Lights. And all the burning in the servant's mines, or the slums of Kobe. One illustration l1ke heart, of compassionate feeling and of the will to serve, Kagawa is worth a million brilliant sermons. is the charge and care of that One who is in the midst of Thank God anybody can live sacrificially. Most the cand:esticks, to save them from extinction and to light of the people who are doing it are not wise or with such candles, large and small, the present darkness. famous; they are unknown saints who are changing the world. There are no "Christian" nations, There is not a one of us, speaking to a neighbor or a but thank God there are glorious Christians in most unsuspected places. wanderer at the lighted door of the kitchen, or of the The acute problem that most young people face school, or of the hospital, or of the church, but may be a is, "What is God's will for me? Where does He want me to put my life?" lantern in that Hand. JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE.

Need is God calling from without. Love is God calling from within. The Christianity the world needs is the kind that plunges into need. I will be a traitor to this planet on which I happen to be unless I face God and say: "Show me where and

Pioneers for Seventy~Five

By JULIA H. BRONSON, New York )D.- Editorial Secretary of the Woman's Union Missionary Society SEVENTY-FIVE years ago last November inces of India and in China and Japan. Through . (1860) nine courageous women met in Bos- its Philadelphia Branch the Society sought out the ton to form a society to send single women first woman medical missionary to go from Amerto evangelize women and children of the Orient. ica, but acceded to the request of the Board of her Early in the following year, the general society own Methodist Church, that she be transferred to under the leadership of Mrs. Thomas C. Doremus their mission in India. Undaunted, the Society was incorporated in New York City, the smaller .found two more medical women and sent them to Boston group offering to become a branch organ- India. Women's medical missions are still an ization. Thus the Woman's Union Missionary'So- important part of the work of the Society which' ciety of America, pioneer woman's foreign mission has hospitals in India and cooperates in the new agency in this country, has just entered upon its Woman's Christian Medical College of Shanghai, seventy-sixth year. established upon the Margaret Williamson Hos- Almost immediately a second branch was pital foundation.

formed in Philadelphia by that versatile person- The Society's anniversary was celebrated in age of the '60's, champion of woman's rights, New York in the First Presbyterian Church on the woman's homes and woman's privileges, Mrs. Sara fifteenth of January. It has maintained its evan- Josepha Hale. Her pen had indited that children's gelical and undenominational character and is supclassic, "Mary had a little Lamb," and she was ported by those who approve this form of union editing the forerunner of women's magazines, work. The organization does not incur debt and Godey's Lady's Book. Mrs. Hale, by pen and last November rejoiced in a record of seventy-five voice enthusiastically espoused the cause of the years' service with all obligations met. infant Society, and became the first president of the Philadelphia Branch, devoting regular space in her magazine to its interests.

Obstacles to be overcome by the new and in- A PRAYER FOR MISSIONARIES experienced Society were not few. The departure from established procedure was radical; officers Lord, remember in love the dear servants of of existing general Mission Boards deemed such a Thy truth who have gone to the distant parts of step by women premature; independent organ- the earth that Thy name may be glorified. Pre- izations of women of any nature were rare; public serve in them a triumphant faith that they may confidence must be created if financial help was see the end of their labors achieved even amid to be obtained, especially as the country was in the defeat and failure. Sustain them in their sor- throes of the Civil War, and there was prejudice rowing for others and, sowing tears, may they to be overcome. Nevertheless these intrepid come again reJOIcmg. Grant them wisdom for women I-aunched their frail bark, freighted with every occasion that the great ones of the earth courage, initiative and hope, and the motto upon may feel the power of Christ in the influence of its ensign was, "0 woman, great is thy faith!" A His servants. We praise thee for living witnesses periodical was issued and during the first year the of Thy power and for the slow dawn that heralds Society undertook work in Burma through native the noonday of Thy presence in the heart of man- Bible women. They also sought, appointed and kind -everywhere. Bless all agencies t1:~at hasten sent forth their first American woman missionary, the victory of the Spirit and turn the evil devices and a second, in the following year, went to Cal- of men to Thy glory. So let the messengers of cutta to establish a new type of work, zenana Thy Gospel hope ever in God, and labor on un- visitation and teaching among purdah women. wearied in the sure confidence that God will honor The enterprise grew until missions had been their gift of consecrated service to generations established in several cities of the United Prov- yet unborn. For Thy Name's sake. Amen.

[ 126]

Missions Are Marching

By the REV. FRED FIELD GOODSELL, D.D., Boston Exemtive Vice-President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions T IME marches on! Crime marches on! Mis- to talk with their leaders, to listen to their sing- sions too are marching on! If you do not be- ing, to see them at work and at leisure, to sample lieve it, take the time and trouble to look into their food, to examine their handicraft, to become the matter. Leave prejudice aside. Face claimant a part of their world-so far as a foreigner can. human need. Be just plain human and let human It is one thing to listen to missionaries at home on nature around the world speak to your heart. furlough as they try to tell their story, and quite "God so loved the world. . . ." Mingle a little another thing to share their life in their own bailimore love with your living and thinking and see wicks, to see the things they are constantly looking whether it does not give you a at, to feel the pressure of so- better perspective. Act i v e cial forces strangely contradic- goodwill, love, justice, peace tory to the ideals of the Man of are what the world needs most, Galilee. The wonder is and the and the world mission of Chris- wonder grows, not that the in- tianity is marching on deter- digenous churches have made mined to put the thirteenth so little progress relatively, but chapter of First Corinthians that they have been formed and into daily practice. have made any progress. Mis- I have recently returned sions are marching on, because from a thirty-five thousand they are a part of the Divine mile journey that took me out purpose, not because they are a to India, across to South Africa, human undertaking.

northward through the heart of I saw a sight on a street lead- that great continent and home- ing into the heart of Delhi that ward through the Near East lingers in my mind as a symbol and Europe. I traveled in al- of the way in which the non- most every conceivable fashion. Western world is not only The airplane helped to cover adopting but also adapting its the great open spaces. Eleven borrowings from the West. A thousand miles by air saved young man was riding along on about six weeks for work that a bicycle with the carcass of a I could not otherwise have dressed sheep across the han- done. When we were flying dlebars. Sitting on the carcass low over the spot where David was a full-grown live sheep.

Livingstone died, I had a new Coming up alongside was a dig- vision of what his passion for RIVAL TRAlSPORTS IN THE SUDAN nified, black-bearded man in Africa meant. Later, along the flowing white robes and beau- western borders of Ethiopia that vision was al- tiful turban, riding an up-to-date motorcycle. Bi- most completely obscured by the dark Italian cycles were not made to carry dressed or live sheep war clouds. War cancels almost everything to market, motorcycles are not as convenient as worth while. automobiles for men or women with flowing robes, I but the East intends to do what it pleases with the My main interest on these journeys was to study things that come from the West.-~-­ the growth of the indigenous church. It is one The same thing applies to the Church, and thing to sit in a comfortable study in America, should. · I have the conviction that basically the reading reports and looking at pictures. It is an- Christian Church belongs to no one race or clime other thing to mingle with the multitudes, to or time. It is God's instrument for drawing hu- travel with them, to face them from a platform, manity to His heart. To impose the Western [127 ]

forms of the church upon an awakening East is a veloping these natural resources. Christian peomistake of the first magnitude. Let them adopt ple in Africa ask us to help them solve their social and adapt as they will. A body of indigenous problems. Christians in India, Africa, the Near East or anywhere else has the right to work out their own Or take the new stirrings of conscience among interpretation of the inner spirit of Christianity. the Hindu people on the question of caste. Gandhi One sign that missions are marching on is the fact, said to me in Nagpur that he was out to destroy broadly speaking, that missionaries from the West the caste system. I could hardly believe my ears. are being overwhelmed with evidence that the I have been encouraged to quote him since I have spirit of Christ has put its roots down deep into seen confirmation in Indian papers that such is the human soil of many a non-Western land. Mis- his real intention. He will not succeed. But he sions need not be so much concerned hereafter might succeed if the forces of Christianity in the with the forms of organization, types of church West had conquered the caste systems of the West, architecture, standards of "proper" conduct of the the caste ofrace, and the caste of wealth. indigenous Christian community_ The basic thing -a knowledge of Christ-has been so widely and Missions are marching on because the Christruly shared that indigenous leaders are worthy tians of the West are beginning to realize that a of greater confidence. Let them make their own slum is a bad place even though you do not live in it. A slum anywhere is a threat to physical, moral PREPARING AFRICANS TO PREACH CHRIST and spiritual health everywhere. This is literally H. A. Stick, a missionary of the American Board in Natal; Dr. true in these days when the old physical barriers between nations are being borne away_ How Fred Field GoodseU, Executive Vice-President of the Board, strange it is! Man destroys space and then seeks and nine graduating theological students in Adams, Natal to set up barriers to brotherhood! If we are not interested in the heathen next door, or around the mistakes. They will register their own successes. corner, we cannot long maintain the unrealism of Missions are marching on! "foreign" missions.

II We need well organized, superbly led and com- Missions in the century before us will wrestle prehensive councils for Christian social action in with the new fact of an intimately interrelated America because we need them all around the world. Western invention and manufacture are world. Missions are marching on because the forcing the Christian Churc.h to acknowledge that Christian Church is coming to grips with the sothere really is no such thing as foreign missions. cial implications of the spirit and teaching of We must speak of planetary missions or of "world Jesus. missions" but no longer of "foreign" missions. It is all "home" missions. Take the impact of III Western industry upon social life. What problemsChristian forces face in America! But it is There is only one thing that can halt the progunrealistic to talk about Christianizing the social ress of the world movement of Christianity. The order in America as an isolated task when West- depression has not halted it. It has produced ern industry with all its armory of equipment has some problems, it has accentuated others, but it moved into the heart of Africa. Visit the gold has not halted the movement of the world toward fields in South Africa or the copper fields in Christ. Imperialism, fascism, communism, Hit- Northern Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo. See lerism have not halted it. These are all external for yourself how millions of Bantu people are be- enemies. They are foreign to the spirit of Christ. ing uprooted and overturned in the process of de- They are new forms of ancient evils. The Chris- tian Church has met them before. The thing that can halt and destroy the world movement toward Christ is unchristian Christians. The real ques- tion before us is: Are we determined to take Jesus Christ in earnest? Do we think the world has outgrown Him? Are we becoming blind on moral and spiritual issues in our own lives? I have faith to believe in the signs of a spiritual awakening across America, the like of which the Western world has never seen. Missions are marching on and will march on through the decades before us.

Are we Christians going to follow Him who bids us cross the World to share with all mankind what has been given to us in Christ, or are we· not? Will we give the Gospel or try to keep it-and lose it? R. E. S.

A SCENE AMONG THE NEEDY VILLAGERS OF SOUTH

This picture brings vividly to mind some of the sobering aspects of India's need. These are v ill age people of the poorer sort. Tb ey were camped by the wayside a nd proved to be frien dly but filtby and undernourisbed. They represent millions of Indians wbo need the message of Cbrlst. F. ~'. G.

SOME GIRLS OF THE DORAKAL BOARDING SCHOOL I N I NDIA While not from tbe same dist rict or group in India , tbe pic ture of tbese g il'ls, contras ted with t he group above, shows. tbe cbange tbat Christian tra ining can m ake in the life, the ideals and character and the usefulness of the vill agers in India .

Enlarging

By the REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D., New York Author of "The Foreign Missionary," etc., etc.; Secretary Emeritus of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions I T IS difficult to realize how widely world condi- "Tommies'~.called the "Milk and Honey Express," tions today differ from those of a century ago. makes the trip from Cairo to Jerusalem in one Then, a large part of the world was closed. night. Railways run almost without a break from Americans knew little and cared less about the Cape Town north to Cairo, and in July, 1931, a teeming masses in Asia and Africa. There were line was completed from Beira on the east coast occasional vague rumors about them, but they of Africa to Lobi,to on the west coast, 2,949 miles were. unheeded. In the school geographies, vast distant. Within the memory of living men, Jules regions were marked "unexplored." China was Verne's story, "Around the World in Eighty almost as inaccessible as when the dying Xavier Days," was deemed fantastic; but today aviators cried in 1552: "Oh! Rock, rock, when wilt thou have flown around the world in eight days.

open?" Japan had not emerged from medieval When Hunter Corbett and Calvin Mateer went feudalism. Korea was called the "Hermit Na- to China in 1863, they had to journey six months tion." Mohammedan countries were barred in a sailing vessel, and the discomfort and poor against Christians as "infidel dogs." India was food impaired their health. On our second visit in the clutches of a British trading company. Half to Asia, we not only went around the world in a century was to pass before Stanley was to totter six months, but had 15 days in Japan, 25 days in into a west coast settlement, ragged and sick, to Chosen, 57 days in China, and saw something of declare the secret of the mighty Congo and to ex- Siberia and Russia. The only hardship that lin- press the hope that at least one missionary might gered in my memory was the excessive heat in be sent to central Africa. The Philippine Islands passing through Chicago on the trip from New were so unknown to America that, even in 1898, York to San Francisco. That journey can now be when the news flashed over the cables that Com- made with much greater ease and comfort. In- modore Dewey had taken them from Spain, there deed, it seems that almost the only thing that has was a scurrying for atlases to find out where they not changed is the climate of Chicago. Electricity were, and a member of Congress vouchsafed the and gasoline have abolished distance. Chinese war .opinion that the people were those to whom Paul lords wire their orders to distant generals. Auto- had addressed his Epistle to the Philippians. mobiles and trolley cars are found in hundreds of The change has been amazing. Steamships now Asiatic and South American cities. Air lines link cross the Pacific Ocean in eight days and run 600 Panama and Peru, London and Capetown, Bagh- miles up the Yangtze River. Scores of s.teamers dad and Teheran. The telephone is used in Kyoto ply on the Upper Congo and modern hotels wel- and Tsinanfu, in Beirut and Santiago. December come the traveler to Victoria Falls. The Trans- .12, 1931, the first wireless message was flashed Siberian Railway, begun in 1891~ spans the entire across the Atlantic Ocean. This, with the cable continent of Asia. The traveler to Palestine lands and radio, have turned the world into a whisper- where St. Paul did, but takes a railway train and ing gallery. A message filed at seven o'clock in presently hears ,the brakeman bawl: "Jerusalem the evening in Teheran, Persia, was received in the next stop!" A railway traverses the hoary New York at nine o'clock on the morning of the summits of Lebanon to Damascus, the oldest city same day, ten hours before it was sent, by Ameri- in the world. Railways gridiron Japan, Chosen, can Eastern Standard time; and the reply India, reach many parts of China, and run from reached Teheran at nine-fifteen the next morning Singapore up the Mal.;:ty Peninsula to Bangkok -the planet girdled twice in a single night! More and Chiengmai. The Anatolian Railway has sta- wonderful still, in April, 1929, the editors of The tions at Haran where Abraham tarried, Nineveh New York Times conversed with Commander where Jonah preached, and Babylon where Nebu- Byrd in the icy wastes of the distant Antarctic.

chadnezzar made an image of gold. Through the Thus, in marvelous ways, steam, electricity and wilderness of Sinai where the Hebrews wandered the printing press have made the whole world for forty years, a railway train, which the British accessible. The era of isolation has gone forever.

[130 ] Interests interlace. PDlitically, the American GDV- ernments; and no non-Christian land is free from ernment is concerned not .only with the govern- their influence.

ments .of Europe but with those of Japan, China, And with these changes has come a different Turkey and Mexico. Commercially, business men conception of non-Christian peoples. In practical- are sending the products of our farms and fac- ly all the early accounts of foreign missionary tories to every continent and although American work, they were termed "heathen," sometimes, exports and imports have heavily decreased in re- "the pODr heathen." Dr. James S. Dennis said cent years, they totaled $3,788,000,000 last year. that foreign missions were long regarded as "a Fifty years ago, Dr. Arthur Mitchell spoke .of kind of slum work among sunken, degraded, and foreign missiDns as purely altruistic in that they altogether degenerate races." Wise advocates of were for peoples who did not touch our lives at missions now use the term "non-Christians," not any point. Can that be said today, when influenza, because the original meaning Of the word "heath- starting in Turkestan, causes mDurners to go en" is less true, but because popular usage has about the streets of every town in America; when imparted to it an element of condescension which a Chinese boycott of American cotton throws has made it offensive to intelligent Asiatics.

workmen in Massachusetts out of employment; Contacts with Non-Christian Peoples when the manager of a silk mill in Pennsylvania tells his employees that he cannot pay higher The closer contacts of today are giving us a wages because the mill must compete with silk juster conception of non-Christian peoples. We mills in Japan? have a knowledge of other races that former gen- Western products and inventions are causing erations did not have. BODks and newspapers economic revolution in Asia. Knowledge of other have dissipated the mystery of the Orient. News- foods and articles has created new wants. In papers tell us every morning of important events many parts of Asia, people, who but a decade or that occurred the day before in Seoul and Peiping, two ago were satisfied with the crudest appliances in Bangkok and Teheran. Americans now know of primitive life, have learned the utility of for- that Asiatics are human beings of like passions eign wire, nails, cutlery, paints and chemicals, to with ourselves, capable of development, responsive use steam and electrical machinery and to like to friendship, worthy of respect. Scientists tell Oregon flour, Chicago beef, Pittsburgh pickles and us that there is no scientific warrant for regard- London jam. In the Baldwin Locomotive Works, ing one race as superior to another and that dif- Philadelphia, I saw twelve engines under CDnstruc- ferences in development are the result, not of tion for China, and my imagination kindled as I anything inherent in one race as distinguished thought what a locomotive means amid that huge from another, but of the operation of uplifting mass of humanity; how no village through which forces. The qualities that have given preeminence it runs can continue to be what it was before; to the white man did not characterize him when how its whistle puts to flight a whole brook of he was found by the missionaries of the early hoary superstitions and summons a long slumber- Church. The Anglo-Saxons of the first centuries ing people tD new life. Nor is China the only land of the Christian era were far more barbarous than to which our products are going. In a single the Chinese, Japanese and East Indians of tDday.

month, 45 of our engines were ordered for India. American treatment of the Chinese and the Negro The American locomotive is speeding across the in the United States shows that race prejudice is steppes of Siberia, through the valleys .of Burma, still strong. Nevertheless, the intelligent white and around the mountain sides of South America. man does not look down upon the man of other "Yankee bridge builders have cast up a highway races as his forefathers did. He recognizes more on the desert where the chari0ts of Cambyses clearly the good qualities that non-Christian peo- were swallowed up by the sands. The steel of ples pos,sess. No man today despises the Japanese, Pennsylvania spans the Atbara, makes a road to and he hears more of the industry of the Chinese Meroe," and crosses the rivers of Peru. Trains and the intellect of the Hindu.

from Cairo to the Cape and from the Upper Nile We can no longer go to such peoples in the spirit to the Red Sea are hauled by American engines of condescension. We have come to a truer idea over American bridges, while the "forty cen- of the worth and dignity of man as man, to a real- turies" which look down from the pyramids see ization that back of almond eyes and under yellow not the soldiers .of France but the manufacturers and black skins are souls dear to the heart of God.

of America. Flags have followed trade till large It is true that some Africans and Asiatics are areas of the non-Christian world are now ruled degraded. So are some Americans. We may re- by the so-called "Christian" nations. Half of call Ruskin's illustration of the mud from the Asia, ten-elevenths of Africa and m.ost of the street of a manufacturing town. He pointed out island world are under nominally Ohristian gov- that it is composed of clay, sand, so.ot and water; that the clay may be purified into the radiance of kings and aristocrats. He no longer permits capithe sapphire; that the sand may be developed tal to dictate his wages and hours of labor. into the beauty of the opal; that the soot may be crystallized into the glory of the diamond; and I.t is not surprising that some of the manifestathat the water may be transformed into a star tions of this spirit are extreme and violent. The of snow. So the lowliest of men may be trans- first taste of power is apt to be intoxicating, and formed by the regenerating power of the divine intoxicated men are seldom rational. In a revolu- Spirit. The transition from the first century of tion, the degree of violence is usually proportion- Protestant missions to the second century is at- ate to the degree of injustice against which the tended by no more significant change than this- revolution reacts. Have autocracy and capital that the non-Christian peoples are regarded with never been unj ust ? What is Bolshevism? It is more respect, and that the missionary does not democracy running amuck, the revolt of the mob go out as a superior to an inferior, but as a man against the oppression of an arrogant ruling class. with a message to his brother man who is beset The world is witness to the fact that Communism by the same temptations, bearing the same bur- in control is as autocratic, as cruel and ruthless, dens, and needing the same help and guidance. as the autocracy which it displaced.

When the East Knows the West We are familiar with the effects of this rising spirit in Europe and America, but we need to take An embarrassing fact is that we not only know into account the fact that it has spread to Asia. Asia better, but that Asia knows us better. The Woodrow Wilson's phrase, "The self-determinaprinting press runs day and night in India. Daily tion of peoples," spread around the world like a papers are published in the leading cities of Ja- prairie fire. Everywhere subject classes raised pan. Siam and China have a vernacular press. their heads. Half-educated students and agents The same steamer that brings to non-Christian of the Russian Soviet diligently fanned the flame. nations Western goods also brings Western books British rule in Egypt and India and American in and periodicals. The immoral trader arrives on the Philippines have been of incalculable benefit the same ship with the missionary. Bibles and to these peoples, but they forget the benefit in whiskey cross the Pacific in the same cargo. The their hatred of alien domination. The Moslem Asiatic travels through Europe and America and world is in revolution, its structure changing and goes back to tell his countrymen of their intem- its attitude more defiant than ever. Everywhere perance, their lust for gold, their municipal cur- one notes the impact of revolutionary forces. A ruption. The Asiatic has discovered not only our new spirit is abroad. It is awakening the minds vices but our irreligion. He knows that multitudes of men. It is widening their vision. It is begetin the lands from which the missionaries come ting impatience of oppression and misgovernment. repudiate Christianity and sneer at the effort to It is declaring in trumpet tones that the greatest preach it to others. Brahmans and Mandarins thing in the world is not property but humanity, read infidel books and magazine articles and con- not money but life. front the missionary with the hostile arguments of his own countrymen. The revolutionary forces which operated upon Western nations one at a time are operating si- It is a significant and revolutionary fact that multaneously upon Asia. In Europe, the intellecthe common man has begun to think for himself tual revival began in the thirteenth century, the and to demand the recognition of his real or imag- religious reformation in the fifteenth century, the inary rights. For uncounted centuries he sawall political revolution and the rise of democracy in power vested in a ruling class. He was regarded the eighteenth century, the industrial revolution as having no rights which his superiors were in the nineteenth century. Now the tremendously bound to respect. Then the printing pr~ss and significant fact is that all these revolutionary the common school began to disseminate ideas. forces have been operating at once upon the vast It is hazardous for a dominant class to educate a populations of Asia. No wonder there is tumult. subjugated one. And yet, under modern condi- Japan has so swiftly readjusted her life that she tions, it would be more dangerous not to do so. is now recognized as one of the major powers of the world. India is a seething cauldron of unrest. Now, this erstwhile abject serf and peasant, Changes have taken place in Turkey and Persia this cringing servant, this sweaty toiler, has awak- which would have been deemed incredible a few ened from the torpor of ages, and become con- years ago. In China, the new wine of democracy scious of his power. He sees that his class forms has been poured into the old skins of autocracy, the huge majori,ty of the human race. He asks and of course they have burst. The present chaos himself why he should longer submit to the lot is not surprising. Such a huge mass could not be which his masters have hitherto imposed upon expected to find itself at once. But the old condihim. He refuses to tolerate the divine right of tions can never be restored. For better or for The startling fact is that man's physical power worse China has entered upon a new era. has developed more rapidly than his moral ability to use it wisely. Character has not kept pace with And with the old era in non-Christian lands has knowledge. Modern science has equipped greed gone the old psychology. No longer does the white and passion with deadlier weapons. The World man face cringing, helpless races, but alert, re- War appallingly illustrated this, and it is said that sentful ones with a new consciousness of their another war would mean the extermination of power. Everywhere is the spirit of resistance to whole populations. Asia is getting Western mathe white man's domination. "Asia for the Asi- chinery, railroads, electricity, machine guns, poiatic" is now the cry, and we must reckon with it. son gas, battleships, and airplanes; but to a far Substitute Asiatic for Jew in Shylock's defiance lesser degree it is getting Christian education and if one would know the spirit of Asia today. "Hath principles of conduct. The Imperial University of not an Asiatic hands, organs, dimensions, senses, Tokyo is one of the best equipped educational affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt institutions in the world. But when 5,000 of its with the same weapons, subject to the same dis- students were asked what their religious conviceases, healed by the same means, warmed and tions were, six replied that they were Confuciancooled by the same summer and winter as a West- ists, eight Shintoists, 60 Christian, 300 Buddhists, erner is? If you prick us do we not bleed? If 1,500 atheists, and 3,000 agnostics. Yet the presiyou poison us do we not die? And if you wrong dent of the university said to a missionary: "If us shall we not revenge T' you expect to capture Japan for Christ, you must capture this university." Of 30,000 students en- The opening years of the sixteenth century saw rolled in the government universities of Japan, the struggle for civilization, the seventeenth cen- 27,000 are reported as having no religion. tury for religious liberty, the eighteenth for constitutional government and the nineteenth for Let us have done with the absurd idea that political freedom; so the twentieth century is secular education will correct evils in character. witnessing what one must borrow the majestic There is nothing in arithmetic and chemistry to imagery of Isaiah to describe as "the noise of a purify motives. India is dotted with excellent multitude in the mountains as of a great people! colleges but its temples contain images of the god The noise of a tumult of the kingdoms of the na- of lust. Some of the most dangerous men of Amertions gathered together! Jehovah of hosts is mus- ica are university graduates. The fact that I can tering the hosts for the battle !" There is fly from New York to Los Angeles in a day does something fascinating, and yet appalling in the not make me a better man than my great grandspectacle. Asia! the birthplace of the human father who would have required two months for race and where a majority of the race still lives, the journey. Knowledge is indeed power; but it where were born civilization and art, science, lit- depends upon the principle that governs it whetherature and philosophy, where all the great reli- er it is power for good or evil. gions of the world arose, where prophets spoke and psalmists sang, where the Son of God visibly What is adequate to these things? Surely not walked before men and where stood the great bigger armies or navies; surely not larger facaltar of the world on which the Lord was crucified tories or more electrical appliances. "There is no -Asia! now awakening from the torpor of ages! political alchemy," said Herbert Spencer, "where- Nothing so vast, so fraught with significance for by you can get golden conduct out of leaden mogood or evil is occurring in our generation. tives." Dwight Moody said the same thing, less elegantly but more forcefully: "If you want to It is a period of intensified moral danger. While get good water, it is not enough to paint the pump; alleged Christian nations are sending the prod- you must clean out the well." Bishop McConnell ucts of their trade, they are also sending the vices says that when he was a boy he read with awe which disgrace their civilization. Scurrilous books about the prehistoric monsters-the pterodactyls and pamphlets in English are sold in India. Mov- and ichthyosauria and gigantosaurs and all the ing pictures made in California, depicting crime rest, that he used ,to wonder what foe was strong and vice, are exhibited in scores of Asiatic cities. enough to exterminate such huge monsters; but In Siam, we saw a sign reading: "Place for that when he was older he learned that no foe ex- Drinking Delightful Juice," which we were told terminated them; that the climate changed and was Scotch whiskey. What pathos in that first they died. The most urgent need of the world letter written in English by an African chief to a today is not an airship or a machine gun, but a former. Archbishop of Canterbury: "Great and change of its moral climate through the Gospel good chief of the tribe of Christ, greeting. The of Christ, and those who contribute to that change humblest of your servants kisses the hem of your are humanity's best benefactors. garment and begs you to send to him and his fellow servants more gospel and less rum."

Sunju, Korean Preacher and

By REV. C. F. BERNHEISEL, D.D., Pyengyang, Korea Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

By THE grace of God, the first half century of mountain and there, in order to establish com- the Protestant Church in Korea was blessed munication with the spirits, continued in prayer with some very remarkable preachers and for two or three days without cessation, keeping evangelists, men who were possessed of intellec- himself awake by pouring water over his body.

tual and spiritual gifts, such as to commend the Perhaps it was an easy step from the study of Gospel of our Lord to the attention of the Korean Taoism to that of medicine as it was known and people. We thank God that so early in the life of practiced by the Koreans, for both were built the Church there were raised up men who not upon the foundation of belief in spirits or demons only possessed the spirit of the Gospel but were that are supposed to exercise an influence over able to champion it before its human health and destiny. Mr.

antagonists. Of these men, the Kil studied medicine from 1893 late Rev. Kil Sunju stands to 1897 and became a druggist, without a peer. He was, with- removing to Pyengyang where out controversy, the greatest he opened a drug store and be- preacher and evangelist the gan a profitable business.

Korean Church has yet pro- By that time Christianity duced. An adequate biography had already begun to move of him should be written but in upon the hearts of the people the meantime it is well to re- of Pyengyang which had the cord some of the facts in the reputation of being one of the life of this great servant of wickedest cities in the country.

God who has so recently and Some earnest evangelists were suddenly been called to higher at work with the missionaries service.* and it was not long until Mr.

Kil Sunju was born in 1869 Kil was sought out by his'

in Anju, an important city friend, Mr. Kim Chonsup, who about half way between Pyeng- proclaimed the Gospel to him yang and the Manchurian bor- and persuaded him to forsake der. There were no modern Taoism and follow Christ.

schools in the country during Thus in the twenty-eighth year his youth and the only educa- of his life, Mr. Kil identified tion he received was that in the REV. KIL SUNJU himself wit h the Christian Chinese c I ass i c s which he Church and was baptized by studied from 1877 to 1885. During that time he the Rev. Graham, Lee of the Presbyterian Mission.

was also employed as a servant to one of the local A year later he was made a "leader" in the East officials in the magistracy, so that along with his Gate Presbyterian Church in the city, thus indi- studies he learned something of the official life of cating that he had already made good progress in the day. The next four years he spent as a mer- his Christian life. A "leader" was at that time chant. That may mean little or much, for nearly the highest office in the local church.

every Korean that has a street frontage exposes In 1902, Mr. Kil was urged by the missionaries some articles for sale and becomes thereby a mer- and church leaders to give up his business and de- chant. From 1890 to 1893 he was engaged in the vote himself to the work of the church. His drug study of Taoism in which he became interested. business was in a prosperous state and he was He used to tell how he once retired to a secluded making from seventy to eighty yen per month • :Many of the historical data here set 'forth were given in a brief (one yen is equal to about 50 cents), a large inbiographical account of Mr. Kil read at his funeral service. His life hcoemweoiunldthsoosoen dbaeycso,maendwethalethpyr.ospTehcetstewmepretatthioant almost parallels the history of the church here in Pyengyang where to continue selll'ng drugs was naturally strong, but he lived. The church had made a good start befo,.e he entered upon cthoentisncuenede, tboutbehe InecarrelaySibnegclaymea apnowimerpournttainl t hfeactwoar s IncaIltlsedlifHeoamned.

[134 ] he heard the call of God and joyfully gave up his in both the local presbytery and the General As- business to become an evangelist at the salary of sembly.

six yen per month-about the average income of Mr. Kil was a man of much prayer and diligent a day laborer then. During the year 1902 he trav- Bible study. Every morning he spent time in eled as an evangelist through the three north- secret prayer, making it a fixed rule to consult western provinces of Korea – North and South God about the work of the day. He made out Pyungan and Whanghai. prayer topics for the daily family devotions.

The next year he entered the theological sem- When meeting people he always tried to have inary at Pyengyang and was graduated in 1907 prayer with them before separating. Whenever as one of the seven members of the first class. He he had any serious problem he fasted and spent was ordained at the first meeting of the newly the whole night in prayer. For twenty years he formed presbytery in Pyengyang in the following prayed for the conversion of his older brother and September, and was installed as sole pastor of the six years for that of a special friend. In both great Central Church, the first Korean to become cases his prayers were answered. In May, 1935, pastor of a church. while holding a revival at Keumchun, he was From that time Mr. Kil took a leading part not deeply concerned about a severe drought and only in the local work but in the whole Presby- prayed earnestly for rain which fell within a few hours. When Mr. Kil and elder Pak Chirok felt terian Church in Korea. The presbytery decided special need of quiet time for prayer they agreed to organize a board of missions and send a Korean to meet in the early morning in the church buildmissionary to preach the Gospel to the people of ing. This proved such a great blessing that they the large island of Quelpart, off the southwest brought the matter before the church session, and coast of Korea. It was to all practical intents a arranged to hold such a meeting in the church foreign mission since the people, while Korean, every morning, open for all. These early mornare yet of a different dialect and have little com- ing prayer meetings have become a feature of munication with the mainland. One of Mr. Kil's Korean church life, especially during Bible classes classmates was chosen for this work and Mr. Kil and evangelistic services. was made president of the board and served in that capacity for five years. The great event of A Great Bible Student the presbytery each year was the presentation of Mr. Kil's report on the work and his eloquent and Mr. Kil wail a great student and spent much forceful presentation of the cause that was so time in reading and memorizing the· Bible. He much on his heart. He rose to heights of true read the entire Old Testament thirty times, and eloquence and his appeals stirred to the depths part of it 540 times. He read the entire New the feelings of all who heard him. The success of Testament more than one hundred times, First the work was very largely due to these annual ad- John 500 times and recited from memory the endresses. tire book of Revelation several hundred times. Much of his reading and memorization was done The Central Presbyterian Church was built in behind prison bars. 1900. It stands on a hill in the central part of Pyengyang overlooking the city and the surround- He was the author of several books in Korean, ing country. When the building was being erected all on Bible themes. He wrote numerous songs Mr. Kil himself labored at carrying wood and and several hundred proverbs of which the folstone like a common coolie. In addition he con- lowing are samples: tributed land for the site. The greater your reputation, the more your enemies; the loftier your virtue, the fewer your friends. After twenty years as pastor of the Central Church, Mr. Kil resigned to give himself to gen- The righteous can find heaven in prison, but the wicked would find hell in heaven.

eral evangelism. His name will ever be associated As rain fertilizes the parched ground, so abundant with that of the Central Church where he was grace waters the thirsty soul. first a "leader" then an elder for several years, then pastor for twenty years and pastor emeritus Harmony brings heaven to the home; discord brings for the rest of his life. hell to society. .

Sin is the poison that destroys human life; prayer is the means for the entrance of the grace of God.

Under his ministry the church became the best There is no hell for the righteous man and no heaven known church in Korea. It has been the scene of for the sinner.

many great meetings and here the first presby- Despite the fact that he had unusual sorrow and tery and the first General Assembly were organ- trouble Mr. Kil was a joyful, happy Christian ized. It accommodates about 1,500 persons, but man. These only served to ripen and deepen his under stress 2,000 often have been accommodated. faith and his dependence on the God whom he so For many years Pastor Kil was a leading figure sincerely worshiped and served.

He was nearly blind during most of his life. later became pastor of the Anju church where he While a young man he possessed unusually good did a great work for many years. eyesight, but when about twenty-one his sight began to fail, and for three years he was in almost During his pastorate Mr. Kil was often called to total darkness. Then a missionary doctor oper- hold evangelistic services and from the time he reated and restored to him partial but imperfect signed his pastorate to the end of his life, he gave sight. By the use of very strong glasses he was himself unreservedly to this work. able to read but for the rest of his life he always had to depend on someone to lead him about wher- For the last eight years he gave more than ever he went. This was a great trial. thirty weeks each year to evangelistic work, trav- eling all over Korea and into Manchuria. He During the so-called Conspiracy Trial of 1912, preached two or three times each day besides when so many Koreans were imprisoned by the teaching the Bible for hours, beginning his meet- Japanese, Mr. Kil's eldest son was one of the vic- ings at six o'clock in the morning. He was a great tims and died as a result of the sufferings endured. preacher and invariably held his audiences in rapt This, too, was a cause of great grief. attention. Sinners broke down in confession of sin as he probed their hearts and held out to them In the Independence Movement the leading men the only way'to peace and salvation. of the country, Christian and non-Christian, drew up a Declaration of Independence which was read He was in great demand as a speaker to stuat many places throughout the country before dents, and at conferences and retreats for the great crowds. The Christians went into the deepening of the spiritual life. In the cold of Movement on the guarantee that it would be a winter or the heat of summer he was always ready peaceful movement, without resort to force. Their to respond to the calls for his services and at the desire was to get a hearing before the Versailles time of his death he was dated up for thirty-five Peace Conference, then in session, and they evangelistic meetings. thought that if they took some action the Collference would be more liable to pay attention to their During the thirty-five years of his pastoral work cause. Mr. Kil was one of the signers of the he preached 13,360 times and through his efforts Declaration, and, along with the other thirty-two more than sixty churches were established, with signers, was sent to prison for three years. It buildings costing over 300,000 yen. He baptized was then that he began to memorize the Scrip- more than 3,000 persons. tures. With his deficient eyesight imd the lack of daylight in his cell it is a marvel that he was able Twenty-five years ago a local daily paper said: to read and memorize so much. A prison sentence "The Christians of all Korea look up to Mr. Kil has never been regarded by the Koreans as a with thirsty minds. Just as there is no one who stigma in the case of those thirty-three immortals. does not know the names of the twelve apostles so there is no one who does not know the name of Like the other Korean pastors who were shar- Kil Sunju." That statement became more true as ing his fate, Mr. Kil used prison life as an oppor- the years passed and he came to be the best known tunity to preach the Gospel to his fellow prisoners. man in the Protestant Church of Korea. Many converts were made and a prison church was organized, and while it was never recognized Mr. Kil once remarked to his family that he by the presbytery, out of the work there came re- wanted to die while holding an evangelistic service sults such as the Apostle Paul witnessed in his in some church. His wish was gratified. The Roman prison. Pyungsuh presbytery, to the west of Pyengyang, asked him to lead in a revival service beginning Once while holding a revival service in Wonsan November 20, 1935. On the morning of the 25th, on the east coast, thirty hoodlums came and beat while preaching at the early morning service he Mr. Kil so that he was severely wounded and un- was attacked by heart trouble and was unable to able to resume his work for some time. Six years finish the service. At the beginning of the hour ago during a series of meetings he was conduct- he told ,the children that he did not know whether ing in Andong, in southern Korea, he was teach- he would die that day or not and exhorted them ing about the sufferings to come on the world at to be very quiet. After the attack he was carried the end of the age. He was arrested by the police to his room, unable to speak, but still able to make and detained in jail for twenty days as a disturber known his wants by writing. He requested of the minds of the people. Before he was re- prayers and songs. The next morning, surrounded leased the jailor was converted. by his- son and many friends, his spirit, took its flight. Immediately after his conversion Kil went back to his old home in Anju and led his parents and At the funeral service, held in the auditorium family and a large number of his old friends to of the Union Christian College in Pyengyang, the Christ. Among them was Kim Changsung who building was packed with several thousand people who came to pay their last tribute to the great servant of God whom they loved so well.

Destitution in

-.~ I By REV. CHARLES W. SQUIRES, Limerick, Maine Ir,;.- T HE well-known dictum, "As Maine goes, so one tenth of the total population of rural Maine goes the nation," may be true in the world of are members of the Protestant Church. As a rule, politics but it is not in the religious and edu- the smaller the town the smaller the average cational spheres. A minute study of the religious church membership.

situation in Maine was carried out as a part of the Over one hundred towns in Maine have no nation-wide Five Year Program of Survey and church whatever and 325 churches have less than Adjustment initiated in 1928 at the National 25 members. Some two hundred small churches Church Comity Conference held in Cleveland. The constitute Maine's great missionary field, and in general purpose was to gain an objective view of some of these fields pastors are obliged to turn to the important problem of providing at least a rea- farming or to some other occupation to earn a livsonable degree of religious privilege for every ing. Here is real sacrifice. I doubt if many miscommunity. sionaries in the foreign fields face worse economic The one year survey in Maine was called an and spiritual difficulties than these men and wom- Every Community Survey but was inadequate be- en encounter in Maine. cause it did not touch the towns of over 5,000 It is a tragedy to find, in some of these places, population and was mainly concerned with aver- religious leaders with little more training than age conditions. Many problems were left out al- that of a boy in high school. They are striving to together-as for instance those of the religious lead a community in religious and moral ideals and moral needs of men in the lumber camps and while their own ideals find their level in a few the effect upon the rural communities of the large doctrines of a particular denomination and these number of summer visitors. Yet enough was doctrines are placed in importance far above the discovered to set people thinking seriously about ideals of moral betterment. It is disheartening to the problem of the lack of religious and educa- view such a situation. One could wish that mintional advantages in the State. As in Vermont, isterial salaries might be pooled so that these the fact that many young people have left the workers might be relieved of the necessity of givfarms to go into industry, has rendered more diffi- ing so much of their time and thought to the probcult the problem of religious interest and support. lem of earning a living. The presence of marginal land and the increased efficiency of agricultural methods and machinery The chairman of a special convention commit- have done much to bring about this situation. tee of the Baptist Church wrote to a Limerick Little is being done to help solve the problem. minister asking for one per cent of his salary -the average salary is about $700-to help raise There was reported a very sharp decline in for- a fund to open churches in 30 or 40 towns that mal religion in the ten years from 1916 to 1926. had enjoyed regular religious services twenty During this period 160 church organizations van- years ago. A sentence from the letter reads: ished into thin air and 105 church edifices were "Many a Maine community right now is a famine sold for barns or school houses or were torn down. area-there is famine in regard to the Word of In general, church debts had approximately dou- God, and more Baptist churches are going to close .bled in the ten years and the average debt for each their doors, unless we are able to send them help." congregation had nearly quadrupled. About twothirds of the population of the State are now Here are a few communities in dire need of outside the membership of the church and the help: number entirely uninterested is increasing. The Case One: A town with a population of about 500; Roman Catholic Church is holding its own far probably 200 children in the Township. High school en- rolment about 50. Mills, upon which the people were de- better than the Protestant, as was very evident in pendent, have closed. Many families on relief. Baptist the years between 1916 and 1926. During this church is the only Protestant church in the town. Six time the increase in Protestant church member- years ago, with some help this church was able to pay a ship was nil. But membership in the Roman pastor a small, living salary. Now they can only raise less than five dollars a week to pay a student's board.

Catholic Church in the same period increased Case Two: Two churches five miles apart, the only seventeen per cent. The larger towns, on the churches in their communities. One community of about whole, have larger church membership but only 800 people has an evening congregation of 100, mostly [ 137]

young people. Desperate need of Christian leadership. visions. In villages of about 1,000 people attached Good church buildings. Need aid. to several denominations there are often fewer than 100 Protestant church members. In a vil- Case Three: Nine churches in an area of twelve miles. lage of 3,000 only about 300 care enough for the Only one strong enough to maintain services. One man has Protestant church to become members. The aver- tried to care for the whole territory, preaching four times age church membership in the rural districts is a Sunday for five years. Another man is needed in this about one-tenth of the population. field. Little hope under present conditions. The children in the neglected areas grow up Case Four: Little coast town near summer colony. Good with no knowledge of God and only know about church building and parsonage. Field needs real mission- Christ as His name is used in profanity by their ary work. Baptist church the only church responsible for elders. In one community I found two families village and outlying districts. Church formerly paid of twelve children each, not one of whom had ever $15.00 weekly. Then paid collections. Now without pastor enjoyed religious instruction or had gone to Sunand have decided they cannot afford pastoral care and day school although there was a church in the vilservices. Real need and opportunity to rebuild a self- lage. Even in privileged communities, Sunday supporting work. school attendance has decreased nearly 20 per cent in ten years. Case Five: A village of 800 people. Good church building. People cannot raise more than $150.00 a year. About Why is it that the Roman Catholic Church has 40 children in village. No service for a long time. No solved the organization problems in many respects religious training for children. better than the Protestants? For instance, there are thirteen communities in northern Aroostook Case Six: Young pastor just out of school, married, County, 100% Roman Catholic and well looked serving two fields-a Baptist church and a Union church. after by that Church. While the Protestant Ought to have a car as the fields are long distances apart. churches have shown decreases all along the line, Receives very little pay. the Roman Catholic churches have shown in ten Case Seven: A man on the field who is supposed to re- years an increase of 23 % in number of churches ceive $600.00 a year but who actually receives $300. This consecrated minister said to Mr. Pendleton, General Sec- and 170/0 in membership. Very significant is the retary: "One of my people received $2.00 that had been fact that the average membership in the Protowed him for two years. He went immediately to the estant churches is 88 and in the Roman Catholic parsonage and gave half of it to the minister." churches 971. These facts tell a story of efficient management which has not yet entered the Prot- Case Eight: A small town with a woman preacher and estant consciousness. several preaching places. One place pays on an average of 75 cents a Sunday but it costs 40 cents to go to the An efficient interdenominational council should appointment. Her leading church pays $2.00 a Sunday. be appointed in the State with a view to the proper adjustment of the resources to meet the present Case Nine: A town of 600 people, all destitute and need. This council could receive funds from varinearly all on relief. Missionary grant of $50. Very in- ous sources and thus be in a position to help needy adequate service. fields and so advance the cause of Christ. May God put it into the hearts of some of His servants There is great need for a determined and con- to do their part both financially and spiritually. secrated effort both within and without the State to see that the neglected communities of Maine have adequate Christian services. One reason for lack of consideration is the fact that in general there is little knowledge of the true situation. This report only touches the fringe of the great need.

The situation in the smaller communities is so desperate that it rises. above denominational di- POEMS WRITTEN BY OHRISTIAN LEPERS To the lepers who live on the island of Oshima in Japan, the Gospel has brought a message of hope and a simple earnest faith, which finds expression in these beautiful poems; written first in Japanese, the poems Were translated by Mrs. Lois Erickson, an American missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South).-The ant/oak Of Missions..

.. I But in my weakness I would go Entrusting all my load of woe Strive though it may, no power in earth or sky To Him who walks with me. Can move the Spirit of the Lord Most High; What reaches Him upon mighty throne IV Is prayer alone. I live in light and love II By God's grace given My Lord in me has found a dwelling-place, Yet is my hungry heart And I in Him. Oh, glorious boon to gain, Homesick for Heaven. To be His temple! Gladly I would face, V In His great strength, all bitterneRs and pain. To the heart aglow for Thee III The Valley of the Shadow I would not change one little jot Is like sunrise on the sea. Of His dear will for me;

Bondage to

-<!III By LAURA JORQUERA, Santiago, Chil, Iljlo- WHAT makes the difference between an dreds of masses must be said for the soul. Noth- Evangelical and a Roman Catholic Chris- ing else can save one from the awful tortures tian? That question I, for one, should experienced in Purgatory. The prayers and fastlike to have every Protestant answer carefully. ings of friends and masses said by priests can Those who have always lived in a Protestant ease a little, perhaps, of the penalty but one must country, who have never had intimate contact stay there until sin is entirely purged away. Look with a staunch Roman Catholic, can not know, up a Roman Catholic Catechism and you will find still less understand, just what makes the dif- this to be true. ference. Protestants who study the Bible know that God In repeating the creed the Protestant says: "I is our Father, that He is Love, and that Christ believe in the Holy Catholic Church" (meaning came to save us, and that such a doctrine of Pur- "universal"). The Roman Catholic says: "I be- gatory to expiate sin by torture is un-Christian. lieve in the Holy Roman Catholic Church," there- Beliefs in Purgatory make many rich Catholics by acknowledging that the Pope of Rome is the head of the Church, and that your will, your in- telligence, your every liberty, is subject to the decrees of the Pope, as these decrees are made known through the local bishops and priests. The Pope claims to be Christ's Vicar on earth, the Visible head in place of the Invisible Head, and thus he and the Church authorities alone have the right to interpret the Scriptures and say what must be obeyed. Roman Catholics believe that the Pope cannot err because he is infallible as the very voice of God. That is why he is called "His Holiness" and receives such homage as is given LEADERS OF CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR IN SANTIAGO to no other creature on earth. Some friends of mine, well-educated people, recently told me how· leave their fortunes to the Church. This belief they had all gone down on their knees the night also often leads a young man or a lovely girl to before when the Pope's voice came over the radio. eschew the world and its vanities to enter the The "Doctrines of the Holy Mother Church" priesthood or a sisterhood. The priest has a ter- are embodied in the Decrees of the Council of rible hold upon his parishioners, for they teach Trent, which state just what a Roman Catholic that if one dies without absolution that soul may is required to believe. These doctrines include stay in Purgatory forever. the worship of the Virgin Mary as the Holy Nothing in the Bible, especially in the Gospels, Mother of God and the acknowledgment of her is fl. foundation for belief in such a place and such right to be invoked as a mediator between her Son atonement. There is nothing there to warrant and man; the worship of the saints and martyrs the worshiping of Mary and the saints, still less and of the holy relics, found in quantities all over image-worship. It was the doctrines of purgatory the world; of the angels and the images, rel- and indulgences that caused Martin Luther's pro- iquaries, the Holy Host, etc. Instruction is also test and started the Reformation.

given as to the mass and confession, confirmation. One of the most lovely, cultured women of my rites for the dying and the dead, penitence, indul- country, is a steadfast Christian, according to the gences and Papal bulls. Every Catholic is told Roman Catholic interpretation, so that even her positively that he cannot be saved outside of the friendship for me is considered almost a sin. Her Holy Roman Church, having received absolution greatest anxiety is that if she should die, her at the hands of a priest. Even then, Catholics Protestant friends will not pray a single Rosary are told that they cannot be sure of leaving Purga- on her behalf, so she skimps on her food and dress tory. No matter how good a life one lives and and every week gives money to her church so no matter how much good one does, many· hun- that the priest will pray over her remains and re- [139 ]

member her name in those general masses for terpretation of the Council of Trent. Priests and "the souls in Purgatory." We tell her that we are nuns have often been dedicated to the Church bepraying for her now, that she may have a truer cause the mother or both parents took a vow to concept of her God and a better understanding of consecrate a child to the Church so that they Christ's redeeming mission. might have someone to pray for them after death!

It is pitiful to see how frightened Catholics are Only those of us who know about such things of death. Life is made a burden to many, espe- from experience can understand how hard it is cially the uneducated classes, who deprive them- for a Roman Catholic to turn to Evangelical selves of bread so that they may pay the weekly Christianity. Only those who have been freed or monthly sums to their parish priest for at least from this bondage can really understand the one mass to be said for them after death. Many meaning of those precious words of Christ: "Ye are now coming to believe that there is no Purga- shall know the truth and the truth shall make you tory and that we cannot buy our way out of it, so free." This is the greatest contribution that that they discard religion altogether. Purgatory Evangelical Christianity offers to Latin-Amerihas driven from the Roman Church multitudes of cans: freedom. Freedom from the cruel thrallthe more educated and cultured people, and they dom of the fear of death and belief in Purgatory; have entirely rejected the Christian faith. freedom from the human domination and liberty to follow the Way of Christ, trusting in Him We must not blame the priests over much for alone. We pray God that some day all may come they themselves know no better. The Bible is so to know and to accept our Lord Christ! explained that they must, perforce, accept the in- With the Printed Page in Chile By HENRY WAGONER, Temueo, Chile I,N THE last quarter of a century there have His work on Calvary; it also carries monthly been startling changes in every phase of hu- prophetic and doctrinal messages. It has a sec- man life. One hears complaints from all tion for Young Peoples' Societies, as well as a sides of the diminishing attendance at church Narrative Corner, and the last two pages are services, some ascribing this to the radio, others usually devoted to local church news. to the desire for entertainment, fun, and travel. But we believe that one of the principal reasons This Spanish monthly has been the means of is the filling of reading markets with evil litera- blessing to many inquiring souls and countless ture, thus filling the minds of people with aver- testimonials have come showing spiritual help resion to the church. What is needed today is ceived, faith revived, and activity in service pro- Christian literature of a high class, with a positive moted. From Ecuador a backslider wrote, tesmessage as to Christian truth and a direct proc- tifying that he had wandered far from God. lamation of the whole counsel of God. Through reading Salud y Vida he was brought back to the Lord, and is today preaching the Gos- In Chile, where the writer has been privileged pel. From still more distant Philippine Islands to labor for the Master for the past fifteen years, comes the word that Salud y Vida has been the we have been able to guage the value of this class means of deepening the spiritual life of a family of literature. In our own small printing plant, whose home is now a center of propaganda for with only a foot-pedal press and setting tip all the Christ. Missionaries laboring in Spanish-speaktype by hand, we print a monthly Spanish paper ing countries have written expressing their apcalled Salud y Vida, as well as a German monthly, preciation of the paper. called Der Missionsbote. These are distributed at cost among the churches. We have also printed This class of material has also stirred up the thousands of books which have been very well members of our churches who themselves are received, and have been the means of great bless- helped in their spiritual life and are in turn eager ing. But the work which the Lord has principally that others receive the same help. The Young blessed is our Spanish monthly, the Salud y Vida People-s' Societies are eager to spread this class of ("Health and Life"). August of 1931 we were literature. One of the societies is seIiing 265 printing 650 copies of this paper of 16 pages, and copies monthly, another 178, and still another 165 in August, 1935, we printed 3,650 copies of 20 copies. And so the chain of blessing resulting pages. Each edition begins with a positive mes- from evangelization by means of the printed page sage on salvation from sin by faith in Christ and is a long one. Souls are saved, backsliders are re- claimed, and many are led into Christian service.

I Know Myself and Christ?

Many who are in earnest in the matter of seek- 2. Do I want credit for all unselfish acts?

ing a deeper experience of God are blocked by fail- 3. Are my feelings hurt easily?

ure to see clearly within our own souls. Let us 4. Am I vain?

turn the searchlight of His spirit on the shadowy 5. Do I talk a great deal about myself? Am I places by means of these questions that have been a victim of self-pity?

widely used of God to bring help to seeking souls. 6. Do I hesitate to do things that are, I believe, HONESTY to be right for fear of what people will think? 1. Do I always tell the truth? Do I think the 7. Do I unselfishly share my plans with others? truth or do I try to deceive myself? Do I 8. Am I really thoughtful and considerate? always act the truth? 9. Am I too possessive with my own property? 10. Am I unselfish in acknowledging my faults in 2. Do I ever try to evade paying fare or luggage order to help others? charges or custom duties? 11. Am I stubborn? Am I wilful? 12. Am I willing to take responsibility when it is 3. Have I anything in my possession which be- inconvenient? longs to anyone else; anything borrowed 13. Are my thoughts self-centered? Do I want which I have not returned? my own way? 14. Am I inclined to talk a great deal about 4. Am I sincere? myself? 5. Do I ever cheat in games or in examinations 15. Do I crave praise for myself? Do I dislike to have other people praised? or lessons of any kind? 16. Does it hurt me to yield when beaten in an 6. Do I take credit for ideas or achievements agrument?

which I do not deserve? LOVE 7. Do I fail to keep promises or engagements?

Am I punctual? 8. Do I waste my own or other people's time? 9. Do I make proper preparation for my work?

Am I lazy?

10. Have I taken anything which did not belong 1. Do I put God first in my thoughts and plans? to me and for which I have not made proper 2. Have I a grudge against anyone? Is there restitution? Do I appropriate employer's time or things for my own use? anyone to whom I will not speak? Am I unforgiving?

PURITY 3. Am I critical of other people? Is there any- one I don't like to meet? 1. Have I any habits that I would not want any- one to know about? 4. Is my love outgoing and active so that I want for others all that God wants for them? 2. Is my thought-life what God would have it? 3. Are my imaginations pure? 5. Do I harbor any race or class prejudice? 4. Do I avoid pictures and reading matter which 6. Am I patient with those who are provoking? 7. Do I show appreciation? will arouse un c I e a n or unwholesome 8. Do I sincerely want to help everybody? thoughts? 9. Am I willing to share all I have, time, money, 5. Are my actions pure and helpful to others and to my best self? privacy, possessions, in order to help 6. Do I make jokes and talk unnecessarily on others?

sex matters? 10. Do I seek to live out 1 Corinthians 13? 7. Am I seeking the beautiful and pure in every- In your quiet time search your heart prayer- thing? fully through them. You may find it helpful to 8. Do I avoid everything which will create un- think them through with others who are also in earnest about spiritual things. clean thoughts in another? 9. Am I willing to let God change me in this Since these questions are introspective and em- phasize faults they should be balanced by claim- area of thought and life? ing the positive virtues through Christ and by 10. Do I pray God to make me clean now?

UNSELFISHNESS actively demonstrating those virtues.

1. Does it make me dissatisfied to have someone -Adopted from "The Indian more successful than I? Temperance News."

[ 141 ]

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Effective Ways of Working r 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~"==================I~' J Some Down to Date Plans education, workers among students, names, fields and terms of service, then remain standing. A PANEL VISUALIZATION-ILLI- the state treasurer, the young people's 2. And now with these missionaries NOIS AND A CHRISTIAN WORLD leader, the department leaders for before us let us again see the leader- ship of Illinois Baptists. Will all the Requests are frequently re- men's work, women's work, promotion, former groups return to the platform ceived in this Department for and stand as units so they may sughelps in humanizing a budget or social service, the ministry, the con- gest to us the oneness of their centralother factual presentation at ized efforts to build a Christian world. national or associational gather- vention itself, etc. No speeches were (All remain on platform until after ings. The following unique plan singing of hymn.) arranged by Mrs. B. P. Heubner, made by these individuals and groups of Ottawa, Kansas, and Mrs. R. 1. Probably the largest single con- A. Chandler, of Galesburg, Illi- but merely a bow was taken as the tribution toward the effectiveness of nois, and used at the Illinois Baptists in the state is made by the Baptist State Convention last audience looked them over and ap- leadership of its 457 churches. Will October not only fixed facts as every pastor rise in his place, thus mere figures could not have done plauded. indicating his responsibility and the but made animate the impres- privileges which are his of bringing sions in terms of actual person- (2) To the picture just presented information and new vision daily to alities. Only a skeleton of the flocks which he shepherds. (Pastors service (which occupied an en- should be added that of the work of remain standing throughout auditire session) can be given; but ence.) each denominational group using the Chicago Baptist Association, dethe plan would need to round out 2. The responsibilities of e a c h the anatomy in terms of its own signed to help build a Christian world church are met only as every member facts and figures anyway. While in ready and joyful service does his no actual rehearsal is needed, the in a great city. The superintendent share of the work. Will all the church prime participants would re- members rise and join the leadership quire instructions as to details of this association will show Baptists groups in singing "Lead On, 0 King and considerable writing would Eternal." (All are then seated.) be necessary beforehand to se- in action in his territory. cure the cooperation of the rest. 1. We have in imagination visual- The superintendent goes to the plat- ized Illinois Baptists helping to build Two readers-a man and a woman a Christian world. One more scene -stood on either side of the platform form and introduces individually and will conclude this series of picturesand gave the background matter in a scene in your own church at home. alternation, one being here designated by groups his key men and women. Will you mentally transport yourself as 1 and the other as 2. to your church and assemble your fel- (1) The constitution of the Illinois low members about you. A service for (1) The Baptists of Illinois are vi- the entire church is about to start. tally concerned in "The Christianiza- Baptist State Convention pledges co- You and your pastor have now retion of all life as well as of every turned from this convention. The life." They are helping to build a new operation in every way possible with pastor is coming to the platform. Lisworld. On Oct. 9, 1834, the leaders ten; the meeting is now to begin. met to try to band together the denom- philanthropic institutions of the state. inational forces of the state. (Quota- At this point a minister comes fortions were here made as to the com- The convention is represented on the ward and leads a consecration service. mittees, or organizations, activities, etc., as taken from the records of board of each of the three such enter- The foregoing was termed a "Perthose early endeavors.) Tonight Dr. sonalities Picture" and proved one of P- will help us to see these Baptists prises and we shall now meet workers the most impressive services ever held still in action as he introduces the under similar circumstances. The members of the present official family. from the Old People's Home at May- simplicity of it and the strong appeal to the eye render if worth duplicating Dr. P-, the state's missionary lead- wood, the Huddelson Baptist Home at in many conventional assemblies. er, went to the platform at this point and called up for introduction the Irvington and the Central Baptist A CHOICE YEAR BOOK field workers, directors of Christian Children's Home at Maywood. This labor of love comes to us from the women's society' in the The introductions are made as be- First Baptist Church of Santa Ana, California, and may well fore by an official worker. serve as inspiration, model or suggestion for other missionary (2) Illinois Baptists push on with organizations whose members believe that nothing is too good vigor through institutions of higher education. The representative of Bap- tist schools throughout the state is ready to mention the location and dis- tinctive character of each school.

Here the Divinity School of the Uni- versity of Chicago, Northern Baptist Theological Seminary in Chicago, Shurtleff and Frances Shimer Junior Colleges also the Baptist Missionary Training School in Chicago were ex- ploited.

1. During all its history Illinois has been training young people for service and many have gone into pastorates or administrative and missionary en- deavor; so the state has "a story to tell to the nations."

Here a list of names of all who had gone out into the several lines of work was read. A poster might also be dis- played for better visibility. – 2. The four "Centenary Fields"

celebrating their hundredth anniver- sary this year have also received our workers. (Names read and poster fastened up.) 1. Weare fortunate in having sev- eral missionaries present. Will they please come to the platform, state . [142]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

for the Church of Jesus Christ.

The booklet is entitled "Into God's Garden" and the beautiful scene pictured on the imitation Spanish leather cover is re- peated in shadow of pale green outlines on every inside page, its open gate inviting wayfarers to enter and enjoy the privileges and opportunities within. Some sort of garden scene-more or less elaborate as the successive chairmen may elect – is ar- ranged on the platform each month, the one in our illustra- tion having been used at the opening meeting in September. Whoever makes a garden Industrial Department has for its motif: It is also the duty of one member Has never worked alone. of the program committee to The rain has always found it, o Master Gardener who dost shape make contact with both the luncheon and the program sub- The sun has always known, aright committees responsible for each The wind has blown across it Each seed of good unfolding 'neath of the monthly meetings in order And helped to scatter seeds- thy hand, Whoever makes a garden o give command Has all the help he needs. To spare each feeble striving toward that the theme may be worked the light, out not only on the stage but in The wind and rain and sunshine, And bid it reach the stature thou the dining room. For ins,tance, And dew and fertile sod; hast planned.

the October theme being "Weed- For he who makes a garden For the Social Department ing the Garden," the dining Works hand in hand with God. there is: room was decorated with sun- (Several stanzas are omitted Where is heaven? Is it not Just a friendly garden plot? flowers (this was in California) due to space limitations.) The World Wide Guild (young and the platform made realistic women's department) has its dewith wild grasses and flowers. The Lord God Planted a Garden tails under: Even the finance plan is harmo- The Lord God planted a garden The blossoms of spring give promise nized with the dominant keynote. In the first white days of the world, of the fruits of autumn.

A tree stands below and to one And he set there an angel warden The Children's World Crusade side of the platform. As differ- In a garment of light enfurled. aptly keys its work to: ent members bring their gifts (Entire poem of four stanzas A sweet new blossom of humanity, quoted from Dorothy Frances fresh fallen from God's own the details of the tree are blocked Gurney.) garden to flower on earth. in so that it grows from month The theme song for the year For the Finance Committee to month. An auxiliary device is called "Our Garden Melody" there is the familiar scripture, is used in connection with the and proves to be th~ familiar "In "And he shall be like a tree," etc. special "gift boxes" whose bear- the Garden," beginning "I come ers go up through the gate on the to the garden alone." For Church Decorating: rostrum and deposit the contents The page on the Executive Make of God's altar a garden fair, Board is headed, That flowers of hope may blossom of the boxes in a water jar that stands by the fountain. This there. symbolism of making gifts for The invitation on an early flythe spreading of the Water of Go make thy garden fair as thou leaf begins: canst, Life in God's Garden is most in- Thou, workest never alone. Travelers on the Road of the Beckspiring. oning Christ, you found at the sum- mit of your journey-the Cross. His The general theme has been The Missionary Department Word tells us that "in the place where elaborately worked out in poetic has for its keynote, "For as the He was crucified there was a garden." motifs and the names of the sev- earth bringeth forth her bud," Following His resurrection Mary met eral departments as well as in etc. (lsa. 61: 11). Him there. This year we are inviting the permanent program fea- you to step aside from the road you tures. The analogies have been At the top of the Missionary have been traveling, enter through the Reading page appears: open gate and meet Him in His Gar- den. (The subsequent paragraphs carefully considered. Thus the Books are gardens in whose bowers work out poetically and devotionally keynote is sounded in two poems We may find the riches, rarest flowers. this line of thought.) at the beginning, based on the Books are paths that upward lead. scripture verse: "And thou Books are friends: come, let us read.

shal,t be like a watered garden Community Service is keyed and like a spring of water, whose to the familiar poem on "Kind waters fail not."-Isaiah 58: 11. hearts are the gardens." The

Then comes the program por- ing the Garden" with a neigh- 8. Topic, "The American Intion of the book. In each meet- boring minister as speaker to dian"; devotional, "Joy and ing the industrial (sewing) por- urge members to use their ut- Praise" ("The Desert Rejoiction is called "Garden Work"; most influence to tear out the un- ing" – Isa. 35: 1-4; "I Will desirable things in local and na- Praise the Lord"-Ps. 118: 19the noonday meal is character- tional civic life and make our 21); figure, "Desert Plants." ized as "Lunch in the Garden," communities better places in This was where the luncheon the subtitles-presumably fitted which to plant the seeds of right- was termed a "Picnic on the in with the days' themes-being eousness. Desert." "Sunflower Lunch," "Friendship 3. Topic, "w 0 rl d Fellow- 9. Topic, "White Cross Work" Lunch (on World Fellowship (sewing, etc., for mission hospi- Day) ," "Dinner by Lantern ship"; devotional, "Fellowship" tals or benevolent objects); de- (with one another-,-l John 1: 3, votional, "Peace and Quiet" Light" (an evening gathering), 4, 7; with Christ-1 Cor. 1: 9) ; ("His Peace" – John 14: 27; figure,"A Mixed Bouquet." "Quietness and Confidence"- "Shore Lunch," "Hospitality Isa. 30: 15); theme, "Gifts Lunch," "Butterfly Dinner," 4. Topic, "Orieritl:.l Gardens" ; from the Garden." "Picnic on the Desert," "Vegeta- devotional, "Meditation" (Ps. 23 : 7; Phil. 4: 8); plan, at a 10. Topic, "Migrants"; devoble Plate Lunch," "Barbecue" "dinner by lantern light" (eve- tional, "Prayer and Communand "Fruit Basket." ning meal), high school seniors ion" ("The Lord Is Nigh"-Ps. and junior college students were 145: 18; "Pray without Ceas- The business session is termed entertained in a room decorated ing"-l Thess. 5: 16-18) ; theme, "Garden Plans," the song serv- as a Japanese garden and pre- "Hardy Annuals." ice preceding the program "Mel- sided over by orientally cos- tumed hostesses and with a 11. Annual Meeting; devoodies in the Garden," and the program on Christian Educa- tional, "Fruitage" ("Know by devotional period "Blessings of tion. The main address was by Fruits"-Matt. 7: 16; "Being the Garden." The subtitles of a young Hawaiian student who Fruitful"-Col. 1: 10, 11); sub- ject for reports, "Fruit of the these "blessings" will be fitted used both stereopticon and mov- Garden." in with the topics which called ing pictures as illustrations of them forth. his educational work in the Each of the foregoing pro- Islands. A Japanese and also a grams had its especial poetical It is noteworthy that as the Chinese solo were given by cos- or scriptural keynote at the head tumed singers. One letter direct of the page. For instance, that luncheon closes the strains of from an oriental college was' on the American Indian was "Beautiful Garden of Prayer" read. headed: call upon the membership to 5. Topic, "Labrador"; devo- In this brown seed so dry and hard hush reverently as the prayer tional, "Shelter and Protection" I see a flower in my dooryard. (Ps. 31: 1-3; 61: 1-4) ; plan, "A chairman conducts a period of The devotional spirit of this supplication for missionary Rock Garden"-description of rare year book in an early poem work in Kodiak, Alaska, and of is as follows: work. At the conclusion of this Grenfell in the Labrador. there is a 15-minute period of Speak to my heart through gardens instrumental and vocal music ap- 6. "Foreign Mission Cente- till I see propriate to a garden or other outdoor setting. It is at this time naries" (dntma based on the The shame of service rendered grudg- book, "Between Two Centuries," ingly; that those who have brought gift boxes deposit them in the water written for Baptist celebration Turn from the selfishness that would jar. of centenaries in Burma, As- forget sam, South India and South Program features beginning China); devotional, "Rest and A lifetime were too short to pay my Restoration" (Ps. 23: 1-3; Matt. debt; with September are as follows: 11 : 28); plan, to develop theme 1. Topic, "Dedicating the Gar- Beholding how from bud to petal-fall under figure of the century Proud poppies flame with joy at giving den"; devotional, "For All Peo- plant. This play will be reviewed ple" (Isa. 60: 11); plan, with in a later issue. all.

the program committee as gar- 7. Topic, "The W. W. G. and And its summation is in andeners, an original play written C. W. C." (youth organiza- other poem occupying the very tions); devotional, "Growth" last page: by one of the members was given ("The Righteous Shall Flourentitled "A Garden Tour" which ish"-Ps. 92: 12-15; "Grow in My GARDEN Grace"-2 Peter 3: 18); theme, aimed to introduce the year's "Spring Blossoms."· This is an A garden is a lovesome thing, God theme, dedicate the workers and evening meeting at which the wot! artfully interweave with the plot younger groups put on the pro- gram for "a happy church fam- Rose plot, ferned grotthe plans for all subsequent ily gathering." The veriest school of peace; and meetings. This play is of a stew- yet the fool ardship character and general Contends that God is not. application. It closes with the Not God, in gardens, when the eve act of dedication and the singing is cool!

of "Thank God for a Garden." Nay, but I have a sign! 2. Topic, "Civics"; devotion- 'Tis very sure God walks in mine.

al, "Work" ("Sowing the Seed" -Luke 8: 5-8; "His Enemy Came"-Mat. 13: 25-30); plan, to develop the figure of "Weed- The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = "It is a glorious company we are keeping "

BRIEF REPORT OF MRS. MILLARD L. ROBINSOK like the happy young Christians ANNUAL MEETINGS President. Council of Women for of old we must go out to turn the Home Missions. world upside down. . . . The The Fellowship Supper, on ultimate in personal goodness Monday evening, January 13, is translated into the lives of marked the opening of the an- people." must lead to a divine passion for nual meeting of the Council of the world made good, and con- Women for Home Missions, held "Recently a superintendent versely, no amount of social salin Calvary Baptist C h u I' C h, told us that communist papers Washington, D. C., January 13- were not distributed in the area vation in ethic or law will avail 18, 1936. The Women's Council of the Church of all Nations unless the 'life' is in the indiof the Washington Federation of (Canada). The work in and vidual. . .. It is wonderful to Churches, of which Mrs. B. W. about the center was known as be living in this age when ther·e Meeks is president, helped to being relevant to peace and good- is some acceptance of the social make the occasion a happy and will. In another city where issues of the Gospel! It is a successful one. In the absence crime was rampant, such a of Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, Presi- church was established and the glorious company we are keepdent, who was en route to Aus- daily newspaper printed a re- ing. . . ." The business sestralia and New Zealand, Mrs. port that the mayor had declared Fred S. Bennett, First Vice- crime had decreased fifty per sions followed on Tuesday morn- President, presided and brought cent since the establishment of ing at which Mrs. Millard L. to the group the challenge of the neighborhood house." Robinson was elected President, united effort of the Protestant churches. "The Church in Ac- "If we believe that the Christ- succeeding Mrs. Daniel A. Poltion for Social Ideals" was life cannot be made regnant in ing, whose term of office had exgraphically presented by Mrs. an un-Christ-like world, then pired. The election of the new Kenneth D. Miller, of Madison, New Jersey. She paid special [145 ] Associate Members of whom sevtribute to Elizabeth Fry, "a eral were present, the hearty engreat Christian woman who be- dorsement of the new Joint Comlieved that Christ must reign in mittee on Young People's Work all of life." "The Church in Action on Social Issues" was fur- of the Home Missions Councils, ther illustrated by report of spe- the authorization of a Commiscific programs by Miss Edna B. Beardsley of the Protestant sion on the Liquor Problem, and Episcopal Church, Mrs. C. Max- the participation of c h u r c h well Loveys of the United women in Peace Action were Church of Canada, and Mrs. J. outstanding considerations. W. Downs of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Excerpts The Joint Committee on Infrom the evening's talks: dian Work of the Home Missions Councils had arranged a Fellow- "We find a social conscience ship Supper. Dr. Thomas Jesse has been developed which enables the Church to begin to put Jones, of the Phelps Stokes into practice that which it has Fund, presided. During the taught and for which it has had a program over a period of fifty course of his remarks Dr. Jones years. . . . A program does not spoke of the oft-discussed word, seem of very great value until it missionary: "Some people say, give up the word 'missionary.' At one time I may have said it myself. But since then I have seen missionaries in action on the firing line in all parts of the world and I would no more say give up the word 'missionary' than I would say give up the word, 'mother.''' It was a great joy to have as the principal speaker Reverend Vine Deloria, volunteer agencies, we shall be erages are of real concern to all young now at work on the Pine Ridge laying a foundatio~ which in people within and without the Church. Reservation in South Dakota, years to come will bring us much This is also an important phase of our nearer to the gaining of social the son of the first native min- ideals which are the basis of a task. ister of the Episcopal Church Christian civilization." We realize that we should be doing among the Sioux Indians. He is a graduate of St. Stephen's Col- Three days of the Annual more to help students to relate themlege and of the General The- Meetings were devoted to a Na- selves to the Christian program in ological Seminary. Mr. Deloria tional Conference on the Rural America. Church, planned by the two said that he came to the meeting Home Missions Councils and the We confess our neglect in providing as an example of the product of Federal Council of Churches of helpful Christian contacts with the Christ. The Conference was many foreign students in America and Christian education rather than outstanding in many respects feel that this should have a more imas a speaker, but the intimate and the 257 paid registrations portant emphasis in the home mis- represented eighteen religious sions program. glimpses of the life of an Indian bodies from thirty states and boy in school and college, sur- Canada. The Findings will be Many existing organizations and rounded by boys of another race, available soon upon payment of movements are doing work in fields $1.00 to cover cost of printing. mentioned above and we suggest closer and then of the problems of a cooperation with such agencies. . . . young Indian minister among The next Annual Meetings of the Home Missions Councils will We believe that we as young peohis own people, gave to all who be held January 1937 in Cin- ple's workers should be informed on heard him a new understanding cinnati, Ohio, with emphasis on the activities of the National Youth the Home Missions Task in the Administration, National Youth Conof the deepest needs of the race. city. gress and National Education Associ- His great appreciation of the ation, etc. life and work of Bishop Hare, OUR TASK WITH YOUTH as he brought the knowledge of In the accomplishing of our task as Youth within the Church- a whole, we realize the importance of Christ to the Dakotas, was in- youth without the C h u r c h – adult education and the cooperation of spiring and encouraging to all Christian youth in action-youth the pastors. . . . workers among the Indian who ought to be in Christian ac- tivity. All of these groups were International Relations is the people. considered in discussion by the Committee on Young People's subject for the fourth issue of Dr. G. A. Watermulder, of the Work of the Council of Women Program Props, and will be pub- Reformed Church in America, for Home Missions in North lished during the coming year. spoke of the opportunity among America, in annual mee,ting in Washington, D. C., January 12, Attention was called to the Indian Americans for Commu- publications of the Missionary nity Work centering in the local 1936. After a short review of ac- Education Movement. The wide church. Mr. John Collier, Com- use in the past year of the study missioner of Indian Affairs, ad- complishments of the Committee dressed the audience on the im- during the past year, Miss Sue book "Christian Youth in Acportance of the missionary, say- Weddell, the Chairman, wel- tion" and its accompanying maning in part: "I think you will comed discussion of problems ual "What Will You Do About which are a part of the home It?" is most encouraging. These probably find it true that the missions task with youth. . . . should be used by many more groups. The home mission missionaries have been more Growing out of the discussion books for 1936 and 1937 on the important than the governments of these problems the Committee negro, especially "The Story of expressed itself in these find- the American Negro" by Miss in Indian Affairs." ings: Ina Brown deserves special Miss Katharine F. Lenroot, Conscious of the complexity of our study and promotion. task and the seriousness of the obliga- Chief of the Children's Bureau, tions of young PeQple's leaders today Promotion of the WorId Day was the guest speaker at the Mi- we are convinced that several phases of Prayer among young people grant Work Luncheon, at which of the varied missionary program of Mrs. F. S. Bennett presided. the Church in North America deserve has been assigned as a special our special attention. part of ,the work of this commit- She spoke on the subject, "The Migrant Laborer in the Present We deplore the increasing number tee. It is hoped that next year Rural Situation." The tables of young people who are mere wan- there may be close cooperation derers, separated from home, church, in preparing the program and a were attractively decorated with school and employment. We recognize fruits and vegetables, packed by this as an important home mission wider use of it. In the future migrants. Motion pic t u res task. this work among young people is helped to visualize both the life We recognize that the problems to be the concern of a joint comin migrant camps and the con- arising out of the use of alcoholic bev- mittee of the ,two Home Missions structive educational work of the Councils. In this broader coopchurch. In closing Miss Lenroot eration it is hoped that we may said, "If we can go forward in reach a larger number of the these programs together (public youth in the churches of North and private social welfare programs, local, state, and national) America and that this phase of the home mission task may be and establish a sound working more adequately promoted. cooperation between federal gov- NONA M. DIEHL, ernment and states, official and Chairman of the Joint Com- mittee on Young People's Work.

AMERICA against the slum menace was teachers, she realized that

made public. It reads, in part, problem is far from solved, how- Need for Bible Reading as follows: ever, because up to the present time they have graded these Dr. Charles E. Jefferson, Millions of American families have greatly underprivileged children former minister of Broadway for years been forced to live in build- on the same basis as the normal Tabernacle, New York, chal- ings and neighborhoods that are an child, with the result that in lenges Christian Endeavorers acute menace to the welfare of body, some instances the child never with the following statement: mind and spirit, and cast their blight gets promoted and is dejected upon the lives of men and. women and and discouraged to the point of The majority of Christians are luke- little children. . . . Sociological stud- giving up. warm in their Bible study,and the ies offer conclusive evidence that slums majority of those who are not Chris- breed crime. Health surveys have Problems arise where state or' tians do not read the Bible at all. established the undeniable fact that federal workers are employed in But civilization cannot endure with- slum areas are conducive to a higher relief projects. For one thing, out the ideas and ideals which the infant mortality and a much greater it seems unfair to expect volun- Bible was written to proclaim. The incidence of disease. The experience teers to work side by side with Christian Church is doomed if church of religious workers in underprivi- salaried ones. Again, the type workers cease to search the Scrip- leged communities demonstrates the of worker is entirely different in tures, and non-Christian nations will fact that the slum area aggravates most instances. As a rule, to never find the path that leads to life nearly every physical and spiritual ill the state employee, her work is without the guidance of prophets and to which human life is susceptible. a job and she does not care parapostles and the Prince of glory. . . . ticularly about the people among Large numbers of educated men and Gold Dust Lodge whom she serves. women are absolutely ignorant of the Bible. . . . It still holds first place Gold Dust Lodge, Salvation Many college girls are eager among best sellers, but because a Army hostel in New York City to give their summers to migrant Bible is sold it does not follow that for homeless unemployed men, camp service, which will mean it is read. A Bible which is not read celebrated its fourth anniversary much to them in their preparais no Bible at all. Only a Bible which last December. Since its open- tion for useful life. is read becomes a force in the life of ing in 1931, it has served some the world . . . but we release that 60,000 men; it has provided GRETA P. HINKLE. power only as we read and ponder and seven million meals, and 2,500,- incarnate the great truths that are 000 lodging for a night. In adset forth in its pages. dition to this purely physical -The Bible for China.

Clear Out the Slums! service, it has provided educa- Do Millionaires Give Freely? tional activities to rebuild shat- America's largest city has tered morale. Most of the staff A few of them do; most of made a definite step toward slum for these services have been them do not, says the National clearance. The opening of First drawn from those who sought Committee for Religion and Wel- Houses at Avenue A and East refuge at the hostel. fare Recovery, based upon an Third Street, New York, the analysis of the income tax refirst low-cost housing project EDMUND B. CHAFFEE. port. In terms of percentages, built with government funds, The Migrant Problem 32 millionaires contributed on marks what every intelligent the average about 6 per cent of American must hope may be the In the East the laws do not their total income, and about 71;2 beginning of a movement which make it compulsory to educate a per cent of their net taxable in- will go on until every slum in child no matter where he comes come to religious, charitable, the country is eliminated. On from, and as a result the migrant scientific, literary or educational the day of this dedication a na- is left out of the school picture, projects. It is revealed that the tional campaign for the aboli- because he is not a resident; in average taxpayer with less than tion of slums and for increased the West, the child must be edu- $5,000 taxable income contrib- federal help to promote low-cost cated where he is, and so we find uted about 11;2 per cent of his housing was started at a meet- numerous migrant schools. One total income, or less than 1% ing of the National Public Hous- county in California has 11 such per cent of his net taxable in- ing Conference in New York. migrant schools with 30 teach- come.

Following the opening of these ers. Upon visiting some of the Taking the nation as a whole, hOUl'leR, an interfaith manifesto schools and interviewing the from the smallest taxpayer to [147 ]

the largest, the figures show a devote to it his entire time dur- Church Boards; care of church total income reported by all ing the three months' period. property. These churches loyally classes of $14,708,558,000, which In the manifesto announcing the agreed to strive to reach at least with deductions of $2,252,296,- plan there is no hint of defeat- some of the objectives the first 000 leaves a net declared taxable ism. The opening statement year. They did reach some of income of $12,456,262,000. If shows a realization of the task· them, and surprisingly few ex- the average citizen had contrib- ahead: emptions were asked.

uted to religious, educational, Forasmuch as an authentic Chris- Increased interest of Indians character-building and charita- tianity is a perpetual act of judgment, in school libraries is noted. The it shall be the object of this Mission language barrier is fast disapble agencies the full 15 per cent, to understand and apply that judg- pearing, for among most of the ment in respect of the individual, the there would have been a total church, and contemporary life, with tribes, English is as familiar to contribution of $1,868,429,000, or nearly two billion dollars courage enough to accept it when it the younger Indians as is the comes to our generation as condemnawhich would have done much to- tion, and humility enough to appro- tongue of their grandparents.

wards obviating our present en- priate it when it comes to us as grace.

forced taxation for relief pur- Two Chinese Missionaries poses. C. V. VICKREY. Fifty Years in New York for U. S. A.

Aid for Students The growth of Presbyterian The Presbyterian Mis s ion work in New York is shown in Home in San Francisco reports The National Youth Adminis- the figures compiled in the office that two Chinese Christian mistration, at a monthly cost of $1,- of New York Presbytery. In sionaries have arrived in Amer- 503,795, provides financial as- the year 1885 there were 41 ica to do intensive evangelistic sistance for 100,532 students in churches; in 1935 there were work for a year. Miss Lan and 1,514 colleges and universities in 61. In 1885 there were 127 min- Miss Hu, of the Bethel Mission forty-six states and Puerto Rico. isters; today there are 187. The in China, will work through the The selection of students to re- membership of the churches was Oriental churches on the west ceive aid is from among those 19,969 in 1885; today it is 33,- coast. They are holding Bible who without this help would be 837. However, 50 years ago the classes for the girls in the Presunable to remain in college. The Sunday school children num- byterian Mission Home, a weekly quota from each college is twelve bered 21,050, while today there community Bible class which per cent of the enrolment. A are only 14,424. The gifts to meets at the same place, and student is permitted to earn as church support have increased classes in the Chinese Church much as $20 each month, but the from $442,025 to $877,664, but and the Hip Woh School (interallotment of funds to each col- the gifts to the boards of the denominational). The yare lege is on the basis of $15 a church have dropped from $237,- speaking before community ormonth for each of twelve per 799 to $164,868. The per capita ganizations and groups of Chicent of its enrolment of full- gifts for church support have nese in smaller towns where time students. New York State increased from $22.13 to $25.94 there is no organized Christian leads with 11,869 students in but the per capita gifts to the work. ninety institutions, receiving mission boards have dropped $178,035 in monthly grants. from $11.91 to $4.86. LATIN AMERICA -Watchman-Examiner. Tourists in Mexico National Preaching Mission Indians Measure Up Miss Margaret Shelby, Pres- byterian educational missionary Announcement has been made Two years ago there was set in Chilpancingo, Mexico, asks of a "National Preaching Mis- before Presbyterian I n d ian why so few out of many Amersion" under the direction of the churches ten goals to be accom- ican tourists visit the missionary Federal Council of Churches, to plished in three years, which, work their churches support. carry through the autumn of after careful study and consul- 1936-from September 13 to De- tation with the workers, ap- She ventures a few reasons: cember 9. The project provides peared to be possible of attain- 1. As a rule Protestant misfor a group of at least ten of ment. These goals are: service sions are small; their chapels "the most convincing interpre- of worship every Sunday; Sun- have little or no architectural ters of the Gospel in Christen- day school every Sunday; young merit and are not advertised in dom" to go together to more people's organization meeting tourist's hotels, guides, bureaus than a score of the major cities every Sunday (ages 15-25); and books. of the nation, remaining at least vacation Bible School, at -least 2. Most tourists travel' for four days in each city, bringing two weeks; women's missionary recreation and often the more their message in manifold ways society meeting monthly; week- pagan the recreation the more to the ge n era I public, the day Bible School; payment of romantic. churches and special groups. presbyterial, synodical and Gen- 3. The religious-minded tour- The Mission will be headed by eral Ass e m b I y assessments; ist may argue: "There's so much Dr. E. Stanley Jones, who will monthly payments toward pas- to see and I can't take in every- tor's salary; contribution to the thing. I can read about missions

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in my church paper when I get ported: "From Cape Gracias to read it until the cover was worn home. I couldn't understand a Bilwaskarma about ninety per off and he had it bound in oil- Spanish service anyway." cent of the houses are down, cloth. As his little farm is off It is a privilege to visit these from Bilwaskarma to Keplapine the beaten trail, the years have centers of missionary endeavor about fifty per cent have been passed without his ever having in Mexico. Some sad conditions destroyed. All the banana trees seen a missionary. It was a joy will startle but some faces of are blown down or washed to kneel with him in prayer. really converted people will glad- away." The workers write His prayer was a series of quoden. When you travel in Aztec bravely that their work "does tations from the Scriptures." Land, bring your Christianity not depend on banana farms but In Trinidad and be real missionaries during on the grace of God, and that your visit. An example of Sab- grace will not fail so long as we The Mission of the United bath observance, of joy in Chris- are faithful to our charge." The Church of Canada specializes in tian living, of interest in the British Mission Board has sent educational work among the Lord's work, of brotherly friend- from its Emergency Fund a sum 125,000 East Indians who live liness, will be of tremendous of £50, to aid in reconstruction. on the island of Trinidad. More value to Mexicans. One Chris- -Moravian Missions. than 20,000 East Indian children tian lady who visited Cuerna- West Indies Mission Center attend the schools of this misvaca and other places felt such , sion, which the colonial govan interest in helping the women of Mexico that she is supporting Santo Domingo's New Prot- ernment cooperates in maintaina Mexican worker." estant Church house and mission ing. The school buildings are headquarters is nearly com- also used for evangelistic work. Bible Reading Increases pleted. The auditorium, the tower, the offices for adminis- An East Indian Church has been Costa Rica celebrates the third trative work and the rooms for established, and teachers and centenary of a little stone Vir- religious education have been preachers are being trained for gin, eight inches long, which the completed. The part of the their respective callings. -United Church Record.

priests say fell down from building that is intended for a Deplorable Conditions book store and university center heaven and was officially elected remains uncompleted. The build- If South America is "The "Patron and Protector of the ing is centrally located and Neglected Continent," Ceara in Nation." Notwithstanding this, splendidly a d apt e d to the northern Brazil should be called churches of the mission. In the neglected state of the negthe three different c h u r c h e s some ways it is the most attrac- lected continent. Morals are of which have been built in its tive church building in the West the lowest, fanaticism and ignohonor, one after another' have Indies. It has cost about $40,- rance most intense, according to 000, all of which was contrib- a worker of the Evangelical been totally destroyed by earth- uted four years ago during the Union of South America, Rev. quakes. Perhaps because of this, campaign following the hurri- E. Haugh. The capital of Ceara increasing numbers of people cane. is Fortaleza, on the Atlantic are procuring Bibles, and going coast, with a population of 180,- Bibles in Ecuador 000. In the city are three Protto hear the Word preached, re- estant churches. Next to the ports the National Bible Society A hundred years ago an Eng- of Scotland. -Alliance Weekly.

Distress in Nicaragua lishman, James Thomson, took a capital the largest center is stock of New Testaments to Sobral, with perhaps 50,000 peo- A second catastrophe has be- Ecuador. During his t h r e e ple. It is also the -center of fallen the work of the American weeks' stay he sold 360 Testa- Roman fanaticism. A Pente- Provinces of the M 0 r a v ian ments, in four days in Guayaquil, costal worker went there two Church on the northern coast of 738. Last year 27,068 Gospels, years ago to preach on the pub- Nicaragua. A few years ago Testaments and Bibles were sold lic square and the persecution this field suffered depredation in Ecuador by the British and was so intense that he preached and partial destruction through Foreign and the American Bible the Gospel surrounded by some the inroads of bandits, and one Societies. Four colporteurs have sixteen armed soldiers who held missionary was foully murdered. worked faithfully with the mis- back the angry mob. Nothing Then the work of reconstruction sionaries in circulating God's was established there. In the was taken in hand and a for- Word. In addition to the 27,068 whole state there is only one misward movement initiated; a books, which is approximately sionary (a Pentecostal) apart well-equipped hospital became a the number sold yearly, 25,000 from the workers of the E. U. center of new activity; lost blue Pocket Testaments have S. A., who have all come reground was more than recov- been distributed, mostly free, cently. There are five of them, ered. during the past five years. also two ordained native work- Recently, a hurricane struck A correspondent tells of meet- ers in Ceara, one a Presbyterian, with an .80-mile per hour veloc- ing an old man who had bought the other a Baptist. ity. An aeroplane survey re- a Bible ten years ago. "He had -The Neglected Continent.

Faithful Brazilian Christians invited Dr. Howard to come and years been finding difficulty in lecture here; he laid aside other carrying on its excellent work in The Sunday School Times plans and came; he also con- India at full strength. The Somentions s eve r a I Brazilian quered. I have never seen any- ciety felt that a substantial part Christians who are Kingdom thing like it in Asunci6n. The of the overhead expenses at builders in their home land. Dr. theater and school auditorium home could be made more avail- P'aul Sarmento directs a school have been packed. He is doing able for work in the field through at Rio Grande do Norte, where a wonderful work, the kind of union with another society, and some 300 young boys are sent to thing that needs to be done just that it ought to contemplate surlearn trades. He is a layman, now." rendering its separate existbut serves the local church of ence for the sake of the larger 250 members and preaches After one of Dr. Howard's ad- interests of the work. The name whenever necessary. He is also dresses on "What Is Success?" proposed is "The Church of superintendent of the Sunday the principal of the Normal England Zenana Missionary Soschool and does evangelistic School said to him: "I have re- ciety." work in open-air meetings. solved henceforth to seek that higher success." The Presi- McAll Mission Program Samuel Falcao is an active dent of Paraguay, Dr. Ayala, minister and editor of adult Sun- after he had listened in on the Of France's 40,000,000 people day school lessons. He has radio talk, said: "We need the only about a million and a half coached six or seven Presby- message that you bring. Come are Protestants. The native terian laymen for preaching, in- back next year and help us Protestant Church has been destructing them in Bible, homi- again." pleted by centuries of perseculetics and Portuguese three tion, and cannot hope to reach times a week, a sort of private EUROPE all the millions of unchurched Bible Institute. and unbelieving working people Children's Missionary Society of France without help, espe- Rev. Aminadab Continho is a cially in the face of communism's Brazilian Baptist w 0 r kin g The Children's Special Serv- rapid spread. among the Parintintin Indians, ice Mission has been called the five hundred miles up the Ma- Children's Missionary Society. From its simple beginning in deira River. Last year he lost Village missions are conducted 1872 the McAll Mission has all he had in a steamer fire. The in twenty-four counties of Eng- grown to a vast religious enter- Parintintin Indians are one of land the year round. Evan- prise. It has eighteen stations, the most savage tribes known, gelists are busily engaged in of which five are in Paris and and much given to cannibalism. bringing children to the Saviour the remainder in the larger In a short time he had a school in India, Ceylon, Australasia, towns, five vacation colonies for started with forty-three pupils, Canada, South Africa, Japan children, and a bookstall and and this year has opened another and elsewhere; it is hoped to dispensary vans in the Paris school on an adj acent island, send workers to the Holy Land, area. The program includes using a tenth from his meager to East and West Africa, to services at all its stations, at salary to pay its teacher. China and other lands. More street corners, fairs, markets than 800,000 C. S. S. M. mem- and on river banks. For adults Senhor Antenorzinho was an bers are reading a daily Bible there are weekly classes and disearnest Catholic who became portion. Membership cards are cussion groups, and for the chilalienated from his church by the issued in about 90 languages. dren Sunday and Thursday gambling and bad conduct of his schools and daily vacation Bible priest. He became an ardent -The Christian. schools. There are clubs for all evangelist and Sunday school ages. Visiting nurse-evangelists superintendent. He is now pas- Two Steps in Cooperation help the sick, and the poor are tor of a church of seventy mem- given food, clothing and underbers. The Religious Tract Society of standing friendship. Colpor- London, whose history dates teurs distribute leaflets and sell New Spirit in Paraguay from the 18th century, has Bibles throughout the country. united with the Christian Litera- The work is carried on by A new spirit that has taken ture Society for India and French leaders, but support is possession of Paraguay is shown Africa. The union has adopted international. by some remarkable meetings the title of "The United Society held by Dr. George P. Howard, for Christian Literature." -The Life of Faith. evangelist of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America to Another step in cooperation Giving Spain the Bible educated classes, who has been has been taken by the Zenana having unusual experiences in Bible and Medical Mission and A Scripture Gift missionary various parts of South America. the Church of England Zenana for 41 years in Spain writes: Dr. Arthur E. Elliott, presi- Missionary Society, who have dent of Colegio Internacional at during the past year been stead- I have never before seen such a de- Asuncion, Paraguay, writes: ily pursuing joint conference sire on the part of the people to hear "The day peace was declared I with a view to incorporation. the Gospel and to read Gospel litera- The former society has for some

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ture. 'l'here are enemies and some are porting from funds freely con- far there are 3,893 Christians. bitter, chiefly the priests and the Communists, who are increasing. But tributed by members. On the Only in the Cape Country can it other hand, the state Protestant be said that the missionary work many are shaking off the yoke of the Church of Rome who have not yet churches and the Cat h 0 1i c is finished. There is already a gone over to atheism; and we feel churches have their buildings native church with 10 congregathe burden of reaching this class during the present liberty, the duration erected and their pastors sup- tions having about 20,000 memof which is very uncertain. ported from government moneys bers.

In one of the villages visited reg- raised through taxation. Baptists in Prague ularly was a lad who five months ago -The Christian Advocate. went inland in search of work, taking The largest Baptist church in with him a Bible and a New Testa- The Rhenish Mission Czechoslovakia is the one at ment and all the portions he had been Prague, which last year celeable to obtain from our workers. He The society was formed more brated its jubilee. It began in has now returned, telling how the than a century ago, in 1828 by people gathered round him every eve- the merger of four similar so- 1855 with a membership of 17; ning to hear him read the Word of cieties. The society sends its during the fifty years, 842 per- God to them, and to explain as best messengers to six different he was able the portion he had read. fields: Africa, the Cape Province sons have been baptized. The When he came away, he left his New and Southwest Africa; Dutch present membership is 313, Testament with them, and they begged East India, the Batak lands of him to leave a Bible also. He says Sumatra, the Island of Nias and under the pastoral care of Rev. they nearly persuaded him to do so, the Mentawei Islands; South J. Tolar. On four occasions the but he felt he really could not give up China: the Canton Province. As his Bible. a result of the war two fields, church has dismissed 1a r g e groups of members to form -Scripture Gift Mission. other churches.

– Watchman-Examiner.

Ohurches in the Home viz. Ovamboland and Borneo, Light in Albania A writer in the Presbyterian were transferred to other Ger- In 1928 Albania, delivered Banner says that one of the man societies and in 1933, New from the Turk, became a kingtouching features in the life of Guinea to the American Luth- dom. This country was the anthe Confessional Church in Ger- eran Church. In 1935 the en- cient Illyricum of which Paul many is the holding of public wrote (Rom. 15: 19). After worship in private houses, when tire number of missionaries was coming under the iron hand of a community has been deprived 228, among whom 79 were or- Islam, illiteracy was forced of its church. An attendant at dained, 22 lay and 43 sisters as upon them and their mother such a place of worship writes: tongue banned. "There was no trace there of they style the women missiondepression on account of the con- aries! As might be expected, when tinuous persecutions; on the suddenly brought in touch with contrary, the people felt very The mission supports 1,000 the modern world, Albania now clearly that it was the divine congregations in 72 stations. In has a bewildering medley of new will that they should return to ideas. Education is no longer the early Christian institution of all there are 546,922 native tabu. Western customs, costhe church in the house." Christians and 20,000 inquirers. tumes, transports invade her There are 762 lower schools, 9 chief centers. Two Scripture high schools and three training schools for teachers and helpers.

There is also an industrial school in Sumatra and two in Africa, in Methodists Not Molested which young people are trained Gift Mission workers have re- in Germany in various industrial pursuits. cently been itinerating from Medically the mission can place to place, courteously pre- The Hitler Government has point to 4 large hospitals with 6 senting a Gospel to everyone not interfered with the work of doctors, 13 secondary hospitals over seventeen who could read. the Methodist Episcopal Church and 3 institutions for lepers and To peasant and official, soldier in Germany, except that its the blind. and priest, prisoner in jail and young people's societies have The mission faces great tasks: busy shopkeeper in the market, had to disband, like all other one half of the 100,000 Colored the Scriptures were freely given young people's organizations. inhabitants of Southwest Africa and immediately read by num- There are 55,000 Methodists in are unchristianized. T h r e e bers of people as they walked the Germany. The Central Confer- fourths of the Batak people have streets. One of the workers ence of Germany is recognized not yet found the way to Christ. wri'tes: "God has enabled us to by the Reich as the church's Of the 170,000 Nias islanders complete this task of spreading highest legislative body, and it there are as yet only 108,000 His Word throughout Albania. enacts legislation in accordance Christians (although even that Two months have been devoted with the accepted Discipline of is a splendid success). In the to this work. We rejoice to Mentawei Islands, 19,000 are know that the Gospel – the Methodism.

The reason for the Govern- still waiting for Christianity. Of words of the Lord Jesus Christ ment's attitude toward Method- the five million Chinese who live – has e n t ere d into homes ism is that its churches are not in the field occupied by the mis- throughout the len g t hand tax-supported, but are self-sup- sion in the Canton province, so breadth of this country. We

have given out 20,100 Albanian tribes in North Nigeria, there Kpata has been left rather badly Scripture booklets, 1,002 Al- are still ninety unreached, while off herself.

banian Gospels, 390 Foreign many of the others are only The man in charge of the work Gospels, 145 Albanian Bible por- touched, and may still be called at Kpata was, in his teens, tions, and 30 New Testaments, "unevangelized tribes." Mr. also about 1,500 Scripture leaf- Playfair has been in the Sudan driven from home by his father lets in foreign I a n g u age s because of his loyalty to Christ. Interior Mission for twenty-four (mainly Greek, A r a b i c and years. Today, the workers num- Now he is beloved and respected by heathen, Moslem and Chris- Turkish) ." ber 270; the stations, about 50. tian. When questioned about Some stations may be called old, his spiritual experience he said AFRICA but in the very oldest, people are that he always seems to see the only beginning to res p 0 n d. Swedish Missionaries Work is now being opened in Cross of Christ before him. Ordered Out several totaIly unreached areas. The Bible has been translated New Life in Angola The Missionstidning fOr Fin- land reports that the mission- into many native dialects of In a small African village aries of the Fosterlandsstiftfel- Nigeria. -The Evangelical about thirty miles from Dondi, Christian. sen, a Swedish missionary asso- in Angola, a week-end confer- ciation, have been ordered out of ence of Christians was held their four stations of the society Protestantism in the Congo under the direction of one of the native pastors. From surroundin Italian Somaliland and Eri- After fifty years of mission- ing villages many came to distrea. The exclusion order was cuss the affairs of the Kingdom issued in November although ary effort there are now forty- and attend the meetings which the missionaries were not guilty three p.rotestant organizations were rich in inspiration. Fortyof any misconduct but always working in the Belgian Congo eight young men and young maintained a strictly loyal atti- women were baptized into the tude toward the Italian Govern- and Ruanda Urundi; with 199 membership of the Christian ment. stations, 900 missionaries, 238,- Church by Pastor Chilulu. The Do:ndi Church (including out- The missionaries were given 807 adult baptized church mem- stations) has a membership of only a week to prepare for the bers, 275,935 adult adherents, over 5,000, and is increasing unexpected trip home. They and 13,058 native Christian pas- year by year. were not allowed, on reaching Rome, to confer with the Swed- tors, evangelists and teachers. -United Church Record. ish embassy. Added to these There are more than 10,000 stadifficulties were the restrictions tion and village s~hool chapels, The Blind in South Africa on taking money out of the coun- with over 330,000 daily pupils in try. At the Brenner Pass they It is said that one in every were relieved of some of their the schools. The total Protestant community exceeds a million.

-London Missionary Herald.

funds on the assertion that they A Christian Center of Power thousand in the South Africa constituted one family and there- Union is blind, yet there is no fore were not allowed to carry The C. M. S. Outlook records governmental provision for the all the funds which they had in that Kpata, in the Basa district, adult blind, as in many other hand. has a remarkable record as a countries. Their care is solely At the station stops in Italy Christian center. It is a small in the hands of private agencies the mob vented its hatred on village where pioneer work was like the South Africa National them as "sanctionists" and started about forty-five years Council for the Blind. This "Abyssinians." The mission au- ago, and the first Christians had Council seeks to be truly nathorities regard this as the to face much persecution. The tional. Considerations of race severest blow that has struck first three converts all became or color do not exist, the Council teachers and are still active to- holding itself ready to serve the their work for many years. day. This little village has sup- interests of all South African The Fosterlandsstiftelsen still blind people. The record of has about twenty missionaries plied no less than thirty teach- work accomplished during the at their posts in Abyssinia; but ers who have gone to other dis- past six years includes many inthe news from the scene of the tricts to witness for Christ. stances in which the Council has war makes their stay there ques- been able to assist Colored and tionable. Three of the four sons of the Bantu blind people as well as the late king of the tribe are Chris- Hans. The eldest volunteered Pioneering in Nigeria for service in the distant Brda European community. There district, the next is a C. M. S. are educational facilities for Rev. Guy W. Playfair, of the teacher in this district, and the every blind child whose parents Sudan Interior Mission, says third is warden of the church in will take advantage of them. that strictly speaking every mis- Kpata. In fact, so many of her The Council is also urging govsion in Northern Nigeria is a sons have gone to spread the ernment legislation to provide "pioneer mission." Of the 240 Gospel in regions beyond that for the welfare of the blind, and

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to stimulate the employment of tional Hebrew blessing at in- Three Days' JoUTney employable blind. -The South African augural occasions, which means for a Bible Outlook. "blessed art thou who hast pre- served us." Rev. Charles W. Posnett, of WESTERN ASIA Medak, Nizam's Dominions, tells Saloniki Secures Church -Alliance Weekly. of a woman who traveled three days, with her husband and chil- INDIA AND SIAM dren, through the most danger- Building Hinduism Looks at Life ous part of the Tiger Jungle to secure a Bible. About fifty Armenian families The Rev. D. A. Yardi, Indian were living in Saloniki before clergyman at Po 0 n a, says: Years ago she had attended >t the World War. After the evac- "Hinduism has put on Christian Christian school, but when she was uation of Cilicia in 1921, and the spectacles, and is looking at life married she had been taken away to Smyrna catastrophe in 1922, a through them." Regarding the her husband's home in the very heart remnant of the Armenians liv- India of today he writes: of the tiger jungle. Alas, no one had ing in Turkey fled to the hos- given her a Bible, and when our pitable shores of Greece. An India is rapidly changing, politi- pioneer evangelists visited her village, estimated 40,000 crossed the cally, socially and spiritually. . . . it had been like an angel visit, and, lEgean, settling in different What has really taken hold of India in spite of her poverty, she had enterparts of this country; five thou- today is not Mahatma Gandhi, nor tained them most joyfully. When she sand coming as destitute refu- Christianity, but the Lord Jesus heard of my coming, she persuaded gees to this apostolic city. Christ. Even illiterate Hindus are her husband to harness their pair of Among these Armenians are one realizing that their religion has had bulls to the little cart, and with all hundred Evangelical families its day, and that there is a reality, a the family she started out with the from thirty-four different locali- dynamic force in Jesus Christ which evangelists on a three days' journey. ties, mostly from the region of they can no longer ignore. What In- When she met me her first request the Seven Churches of Asia dian Christians need at present is was for a Bible to teach her children, Minor. Besides the Armenian strengthening and consolidation. It and a teacher for her village. She population, it is estimated that is towards this that missionary effort had taught her children the few and finance must in some measure be hymns she remembered, and she gave directed if we wish the banner of a most touching witness before all the Christianity to go forward. We de- crowd of inquirers who had gathered.

-The Life of Faith.

60,000 Jews live in Saloniki; sire to be "strong in the Lord and in A Traveling Ashram and in New Greece, 105,000 the power of His might." Mohammedans. Most of the Camping in bungalows or -C. M. S. Outlook.

refugees are the poorest of the Teachers Needed in tents, carrying cots and some poor. Seeing the urgent need Aurangabad food, the William Hazens, Amerof these Armenian Evangelicals ican Board missionaries, of for a church home, a committee The number of inquirers in Sholapur, India, have what they of the American Board began the Aurangabad dis t ric t of call an "infield" and an "outthree years ago to seek funds Western India is taxing the field" which they cover in their for the purpose. The Board available C. M. S. forces to teach "traveling ashram." The "in- them. In one month over a hun- field" includes 30 villages near gave $2,000 and an additional dred names were sent in from Sholapur and the "outfield" $2,500 was secured by the local four new villages, and at each about 250 at more distant center a worker was needed to points. Between June and N0church and friends far and near. prepare them for baptism. The vember the Hazens traveled over A building was purchased, and only way of responding to these 600 miles working in these vil- lages. Their party consists of some alterations will be needed. calls is by moving teachers from Mr. and Mrs. Hazen, Mr. and The upper story provides a home other villages where they had Mrs. Namdev, an Indian teacher been engaged in similar work. training for the ministry, Lalaji, for the pastor and his family, The people are in desperate blind musician and pr~acher, straits to maintain a bare exist- and Pir Mohammed the cook, while below are rooms, for the ence, and cannot contribute Orthodox Moslem who neverthepresent used for church services, less sings Christian h y m n s Sunday school, and for gather- much toward a church. All chil- lustily. Sometimes there is ings of young people. The dren in the schools are taught to Miss Helen Bjornstad, R.N., learn and repeat verses from the grounds surrounding the build- Bible. One missionary tells of ing are large enough for groups of children, who gather from time to time for games or athletics.

Hebrew Telegraph Service stopping at a village to inspect who in her temporary "hospital" a school, without having given under a tent cures many dis- The first telegram ever sent in previous notice of his coming. eases, and the story of whose Classic Hebrew was dispatched He was astonished to see what "healing hands" spreads far and recently. from Jerusalem, on the knowledge of the Bible and of wide.

occasion of the opening of a He- the Bible story was displayed Bengal Baptist Mission brew telegraph service. The by some dozen boys who were first word sent over the wires baptized only a short time be- The newly formed Bengal was "Shehechianu," the tradi- fore. -The Life of Faith. Baptist Union undertakes all

responsibility for Christian Mission, a German group already of the paper always goes to the work except in the case of one carrying on medical and evan- Dalai Lama at Lhasa. or two institutions; as well as gelistic work there,' and the the financial resources hitherto Kiulungkiang station came again -The Christian. controlled by the Baptist Mis- under the Siam Mission. Siasionary Society. European mis- mese evangelists are at work in CHINA sionaries may of course be mem- the area, and from Chiengmai, bers of the Union, if they hap- in northern Siam, medical and Christianity in Everyday Life pen to be elected by the votes of other trips have been made into their Indian brethren. the new-old field. The following story of Chris- tian courage is worth retelling: This reorientation of policy is Winning the Tibetans the direct outcome of the work A Japanese pastor, a man of great of missionaries of a .'previous Rev. Walter Asboe, Moravian evangelistic gifts, attended some spegeneration, particularly that of missionary to Tibet, is stationed cial meetings for the deepening of the Rev. William Carey. It was at Kyelang on the Tibetan bor- spiritual life, and became conscious the keynote of their policy as der but actually in the Punjab, that there were various things in his missionaries that the Mission as entering Tibet is forbidden. life which were not right in God's should decrease and that the But the people he works among sight. Especially did one "small" sin Church should increase, and in Kyelang are Tibetans. He trouble him. The family had gone to that in course of time all Chris- describes them as friendly – a sale at a department store, and on tian work should b e com e when you get to. know 'them. returning they found that they had church-centric, not mission-cen- "But," he says, "the first thing one article too many. The parents let tric. a foreigner has to do is to prove the children play with it, and it got that he is there for their good, dirty, so they took no steps to restore The Union hopes also to ex- and is not responsible for rough it. The thought of this thing was like tend the principle of union into weather, sickness, disease among a knife in the pastor's conscience, the a wider field, bringing all Bap- their flocks, and every other strongest among a number of things tists in India, America, Aus- trouble. . Medical knowledge is that the Holy Spirit was showing him. tralia and New Zealand into a a great asset, and while I am Next morning he went off to the store Federation. not a doctor, I can extract teeth with the money to pay for the article, less 'painfully than the black- and explained to the girl from whose -International Christian smith, and I have worked what counter it had come. She conducted Press. they consider to be miracles him to the head office on the top story. under amesthetic." Here his name and address were de- An Outpost for Siam manded. He returned home feeling Mr. Asboe has more ways very uncomfortable. Later, a special There are now 78 American than one of presenting the Gos- representative from the store arrived Presbyterian mISSIOnaries in pel message. For example, he at his house with a present done up Siam, and a national staff of 402 has adopted the Buddhist meth- in the usual elaborate Japanese style. working in 11 stations strung od of carving on the rocks by The firm was so delighted with such out through this long, narrow the wayside. The Buddhist an example of honesty that it wished country over a distance as great carvings are prayers which, if a to show appreciation. as from New York to St. Louis. man so much as passes, with This force of 480 workers car- the writing on his right side, During the next few days the pastor ries on medical, evangelistic and are credited to him as said. If, set some other things right, and his educational w 0 r k, not only however, he passes them on his radiant witness to Christ's power thrbugh 21 hospitals and dispen- left side, they become to him started a flood of blessing at the meetsaries and many 0 r g ani zed curses. Mr. Asboe employs ings and in his own church. On the churches and groups now car- Buddhist lamas to do his rock following Sunday he spoke with such ried on under the Church of carving, and to distinguish the power that the whole congregation Christ in Siam, and in 60 schools, Christian texts from the Bud- was greatly stirred, and asked for but through many informal con- dhist prayers, he prefixes each further teaching. One woman of the tacts in the daily round of duties. one with a cross. He also pub- congregation, at great cost to herself, lishes a Christian newspaper- proceeded to set right something in During 1935 the Kiulungkiang on a cyclostyle – and sen d s her own life which was wrong, and station of the Yunnan Mission in copies to the lamaseries. Copies in so doing witnessed to many non- China was returned to the Siam go, too, to the head man of el:!,ch Christians who were greatly impressed Mission, of which it was origi- village, who, perhaps in order to by her earnestness. nally a part. The people in this show off his learning calls the area are racially and geograph- villagers together and reads it -C. M. S. Outlook. ically a part of the Tai people of to them. The newspaper connorthern Siam, although politi- tains news of current events Forum of the Church cally they are Chinese. When and articles on hygiene, as well the Yunnan Mission was dis- as religious articles. One copy The thirteen societies which solved, March 31, 1935, the for- are cooperating with the Church mer Yuankiang s tat ion was of Christ in China are repreturned over to the Vandsburger sented by more than 1,100 mis- sionaries who contribute their services to the promotion of the Church's life and work. The one objective of all is the building up of a vigorous, indigenous Chi- nese Church, self-supporting, self-governing and self-propa- gating. Naturally, many ques- tions arise, such as the relation- ship of the missionary and the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Church, the administration of its current budget. A number more vaccinations were attended mission grants, the most effec- of new buildings are being to in one afternoon. -Presbyterian News. tive ways· of cooperation. To erected, including a mod ern keep societies and missionaries gymnasium building for the In Chinese Turkestan acquainted with matters and in- University Middle School and a cidents of interest and impor- new library building for which Throughout the Union of So- viet Socialist Republics there is tance, it has been found helpful 2,000 yuan in Government bonds to issue a Bulletin, in which no liberty for the proclamation church and mission leaders have has been received, with the pros- of the Gospel, or for the circulaan opportunity to express their tion of the Christian Scriptures. pect of another 100,000. varied convictions, and to profit That pertains wherever the by the experiences of widely Eleven colleges and universi- Soviet influence is dominant. scattered groups. This Bulletin Outer Mongolia, once open to the is called The Church, and is is- ties of Christian missionary sued occasionally from Peiping Gospel, is now closed. The sit- origin in China have gained in uation in Chinese Turkestan to-' by the Secretarial of the Gen- day is exceedingly delicate. All eral Assembly.-The Church. student enrolment a total of 244 letters of the missionaries are students, in comparison with a year ago. -World Call.

Short-Term Schools Students and Religion A short-term school for wom- censored, and they dare not en is held annually in many write freely. For the same rea- A Chinese speaker, in a meet- parts of China, preferably in son it is not possible to publish ing of the Council of Higher anything about their difficulties. Education last year, said that the fall after rice harvest. Any Christians are imprisoned, and woman' is eligible-':'Christian or the attitude of students toward missionaries are beset with per- Christianity had passed through non-Christian, rich or poor, edu- ils. Their work has to be carried three distinct phases. From cated or uneducated, and there on without publicity. 1922 to 1927 they were opposed is no age limit. There are some- times pupils 70 and 80 years of -China's Millions.

-at times violently opposed- age. The school is in session Many Nationalities in to Christianity. From 1928 to for 12 days, and the women lead 1930 was a period of compara- Manchuria tive indifference. From 1931 to a strenuous life during that pethe present was a period of open- riod; they take their studies At Harbin, there was recently more seriously than the ordinary held a Christian religious servmindedness never before seen in school girl. Even' during the· ice of many nationalities, and China. This openmindedness, in periods assigned for recreation attended by over a thousand his judgment, was due to the one may see groups of women people. Among the attendants busily studying. Many who were Chinese, Japanese, Korfact that in the serious crisis could not previously read a char- eans, Russians, Germans, Poles, which China is facing, the stu- acter are now able to read their English, Americans, Canadians,. Bible. The importance of a French, Lithuanians and Latdents feel helpless, humiliated Christian home is strongly em- vians. Three languages were and desperate. They turn their phasized. used – Chinese, Russian and attention to religion which re- English – for nearly everyone -The Living Church. present could understand one of cently they condemned; and as these. Pastor Liang, of the Chi- . to its type students demand a Medical Cooperation nese Lutheran Church, and Rev. religion that can be emotionally, Chikmaroff, of the Harbin Moli- The C. M. S. and the Presby- kan Church, read Scripture passocially and intellectually ex- terian Mission combined last sages referring to the unity of pressed. Three factors explain year in Hangchow in holding believers in Christ and to the this demand: government cen- clinics in chapels in towns where there is poor medical service. sorship, economic depression and the challenge of communism.

-Presbyterian Tribune.

New High in Enrolment Two such clinics have been held complete building up of the at Lin Bin, and three at Kyien Church in Christ. The Japanese Nanking University has the Gyao. Dr. Goodwin preached to pastor spoke on "The Unity of largest enrolment in its history the waiting patients, after which Christ in All Nations."

-1,806. Of private universi- the Chinese doctor would give a There was a spirit of real fel- ties in China, Nanking stands health talk. The patients, hav- lowship. Those present be- seventh in student enrolment; ing been registered, would then lieved that such a meeting would first in the number of staff and be passed in one at a time to the not only be to the glory of God, faculty; second in the number doctors, and then to the nurses but assist in fostering a broth- of teaching staff; first in the if dressings were needed, and to erly spirit between the peoples number of departments; third the pharmacist to "buy" their of this region, whose political in the number of courses; first medicine at ten coppers for prac- relations have been strained. in equipment and laboratory ap- tically any prescription, this be- Furthermore it deepened the paratus; second in number of ing the only charge made. As faith and fortitude of many.

books in the library; fourth in high as 140 patients and forty or -The Bible for China.

JAPAN -CHOSEN the A mer i can Board from ing, the Bible and Christian among the mIssIOnaries in hymns. The school has already Christianity Growing Japan. This Commission is to proved a success and has a hope- be thought of as a resident rep- ful future. Dr. Kagawa declares that resentative of the Board, to Christianity is on the increase facilitate direct contacts and to -The Missionary Herald. in Japan today, citing as proof advise the Board on matters of the doubling of the Christian policy and administration in Student Pioneers in Chosen community in the past ten years, Jiapan. The missionaries con- the phenomenal growth of the tinue to have a "Fellowship" Members of the Y. M. C. A. demand for Christian literature, which binds them together for of Chosen Christian College last the expansion of Christian work mutual fellowship and confer- May resolved to give the best in the building up of coopera- ence on common problems. they had to the largest possible tives and the conversion of lead- number of needy people by go- ing government officials, includ- -The Missionary Herald. ing where there were either no ing members of the nobility. churches, or very weak ones. Tokyo's Christian Daily After taking stock of their re- He says that Christianity is sources, these boys decided that taught in many public schools Tokyo has a new daily, Kirisu- they could send out only eight along with Buddhism and Shin- tokyo Shim bun, which claims to men, two men each to four places toism; but more significant is be the first Christian daily in for two or three weeks in July. the fact that these indigenous Japan, and perhaps the first of They selected two islands off the religions are increasingly in- its kind in Asia. An Episcopal west coast of Korea and two in- fluenced by Christianity. Bud- clergyman, the Rev. S. ·Murao, land country villages in south dhists have adopted Christian "Y" secretary, is its sponsor. Korea as most nearly fulfilling hymns, frequently use the Bible, The success of newspaper evan. the conditions they had laid celebrate the festival of Christ- gelism has led to this new ven- down for themselves in their mas, and have even introduced ture which is avowedly Chris- work. In order to fulfil the the cross into certain of their tian. As the Christian commu- whole of the Lord's command to temples. He pleads for more nity in Japan is not numerous, "Go, preach, teach, heal," they workers among the rural pop- the paper must extend its cir- persuaded two students of Sev- ulation and for numerous simple, culation among non-Christians erance Union Medical School to inexpensive schools and churches if it is to survive. If it does, join them, with a supply of which could be used seven days and if in its editorials, news and medicines. a week to reeducate and inspire advertisements, it is who II y the common people who compose guided by the principle, "What On both islands ignorance and so large a part of Japan's pop- would Christ do?" it might con- disease abounded. The people ulation.-The Living Church. ceivably be the greatest mission- were at least one hundred years ary force ever released in Nip- behind the times as compared to Administrative Change in pon.-The Christian Advocate. their fellow countrymen on the American Mission mainland. Ignorance and dis- Church Opens Trade School ease were accompanied by the On January 1st the Japan most primitive notions of reli- Mission of the American Board A little church of 130 mem- gion and the most sordid kind of went out of existence "as an or- bers in Tottori has a struggle to moral standards. No organized ganized legislative and adminis- balance its budget, yet feels religion of any kind was to be . trative body of American Board strongly that its social service found on either island. A sum- missionaries." This does not center must not close. Mrs. mary of the season's work shows mean that the American Board Yura, a fine Christian woman the following encouraging facts: withdraws from Japan, but who runs a successful trade Ten students spent a total of rather that the J a pan e s e school in Okayama where 250 168 days in the work. They churches may recognize their girls make foreign style dresses reached an average of seven or responsibility more fully. From for the department stores, of- eight hundred p eo pIe daily. the first, the churches that grew fered to help the church start a They treated more than 200 pa- up have been self-governing. trade school, to send teachers, tients, and distributed, free of While only half the Kumiai train a business manager, assist charge, about $30.00 worth of Churches are entirely self-sup- in buying materials and selling medicine. About a hundred peo- porting, 80 per cent of the entire the finished dresses; the pro- ple expressed a desire to be membership are in these self- ceeds, after paying expenses,_ to Christians and continue in the supporting churches. go towards the social service fellowship of the Church, Sun- work of the Center. day School and Young Peoples' The functions of the "Japan Societies for the further de- Mission" have now been trans- The local Christians raised velopment of their religious life. ferred to a "Japan Commission 1,000 yen and the school was The total cost of the work was Df the American Board," con- opened in April with 35 pupils, less than $75.00. sisting of three members and an who, besides learning a useful .alternate, appointed directly by trade, are taught cooking, read- -Chosen College Bulletin.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Doctor Saves His Face sought to maintain the best Tongan aeroplane as something extraor- customs and traditions, and to blend dinary, after all the translation In the March, 1935, Korea with them what is good and s~i~~ble of the New Tes,tament into an- Mission Field, we read how one for her people in European clvllIza- other language, is actually an missionary doctor saved his tion. The population has increased event of supreme importance. reputation: and public health is improved. At- tention has been given to the educa- The translator, H e i n ric h Druggist Kim and Druggist Yi were tion of the nation's youth, and selected Zahn, for many years was the exchanging opinions concerning mis- students are sent to schools in Aus- head of the school for missionsionary physicians, as they sat in tralia and New Zealand. ary workers in New Guinea,. Kim's store surrounded by his stock published his first translation of of herbs, deerhorn powder, dried frogs Secure in the loyalty and affection the New Testament in 1924. In and centipedes. "These Western phy- of her people, she reigns with ~ign!ty 1935 he published this new sicians are wonderful surgeons," said and wisdom. She takes an actlve In- translation in the Jabem lan- Yi, "but when it comes to giving medi- terest in all the work of the Church, guage and followed it by a cine they do not know Korean insides and is herself a class leader. translation of the Proverbs of as we do." Solomon. -The Christian Advocate. "I used to think as you do," replied New Guinea presents a great Kim, "but I changed my opinion New Field in New Guinea mixture of languages. It is the lately, and tell you why. You remem- second largest island on earth ber I asked the missionary to buy me Arrangements for sending two and many languages are. spoken one of those wooden hens that hatch missionaries into a section of the there. J abem is a coast laneggs by lamplight. When it came I newly~discovered territory in the guage spoken by a native race was so proud of it I put in front room interior of New Guinea are be- along Finchhaven and points where everybody could see, and start ing made by the Bishop of Mela- near by. When the Neuendetit going. After ten days got tired of nesia, Rev. W. H. Baddeley. An telsau Mission began its work on smell of kerosene burning night and exploratory trip has been made the island the effort was made day, so told servants put it in cellar. by air, to esta,blish friendly con- also to introduce Jabem in the So after full time, by directions the tacts with the people. Bishop neighboring regions where a missionary translated to me, I opened Baddeley has a diocese which similar dialect is spoken. Soon hen and not hear a peep. Waited spreads, in a series of island the language was extended to, three days more, not a peep. I began groups, over a distance of 2,000 the mountain tribes whose lanbelieve I bought American fraud, and miles, and includes New Guinea. guage, however, was Kate, a my wife said, 'I told you so.' He spends most of his time on Papuan language. A grammar the mission ship Southern Cross, and a dictionary of J abem are "I complained to one of hospital but in New Guinea itself travels to be published in the near fuassistants. He say he ask the doc- a good deal by air. "The coun- ture. tor's opinion of wooden hens, if try is so mountainous and diffi~ wooden hens really worked in Amer- cult," he said, "that it takes me The translator has made every ica, and if he thought they would seven days to cover on foot a effort to produce a translation work here even if we could not talk distance which I can do in which carries the very heart and English to them. twenty minutes by air. The air- soul of the Gospel into the lives way companies appreciate the of these people. It means some- "The doctor said, 'Of course they work of the missionaries so well thing, when now in the language will if you treat them according to that they allow us to travel free in which fifty years ago the politeness. Bring me three eggs, so of charge." magician still hurled his curses can examine.' I took him the eggs. and the wild warrior yelled his Breaking them, he said, 'These eggs -The Life of Faith.. battlecries through the plains hatched all right for ten days. What and forests, the language of the did you do the tenth day?' A New Bible Translation New Testament resounds to the salvation of these people. "Then I had to admit I had been so The NeuendeUelsau Mission, impolite as to put wooden hen in the operating in New Guinea, de- C. T. BENZE. cellar that very day. So I have con- votes two numbers of its journal, cluded a man who knows that much the Freimund, to the discussion Fijian Methodist Celebration about the insides of Korean eggs, of the revision of their transladown to the exact day, knows more tion of the Bible into J abem, a A large delegation of Ausabout Korean insides than any of our coast language of Northeastern tralian Methodists took part in Korean doctors." New Guinea. In February, 1935, a centenary celebration of Meth- an aeroplane, the first used by a odism on the Fiji Islands, where ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC German missionary soc i e t y, three out of every four persons made its first flight. In April, are Methodists. The event cele- Tonga's Christian Queen 1935, there appeared a fully re- brated was the coming of the vised, entirely new translation British missionaries, William Of the two living queens, one of the New Testament into Cross and David Cargill, to these is Wilhelmina of Holland, and Jabem. cannibal tribes. Their success the other Salote of Tonga. Salote stirred John Hunt and James isa Methodist and the New Zea- The writer thinks that while land Methodist descriibes her as the casual reader might regard follows: the first flight of a missionary She is a woman of commanding presence, cultured and gifted with intellectual capacity, wise in leadership and trusted by her people, and above all, a devout servant of Christ and His Church. Her reign has been marked by a growing spirit of unity in the nation. Old differences between the tribes and within the church have been largely forgotten. She has

Calvert to volunteer. The whole Palestine, is the only solution of The Problem of the nation professed conversion, re- the Jewish problem satisfactory Aborigines nounced its idols, and Wesleyan to the Jews and to anti-Semitic churches and schools were set up regimes in Europe. In every country except Euin every village. rope there is the problem of the Mr. de Haas, who presided in original people such as we have -The Christian Advocate. Vienna recently at the first con- in the United States with the gress of the New Zionist or- Indians. This problem reaches MISCELLANEOUS ganization, said that several large proportions in the tribal European governments were people of southwest China, as Facts to Ponder Over ready to assist Jews within their well as in Mexico, Central and borders in planning mass emi- South America. The problem in Between 27 and 36 million gration. -New York Times. all the Americas is typical of young people under the age of that which is found in Asia and 21 are without any religious in- Bible Distribution to Seamen in Africa among the unreached struction in the United States. tribes who are now experiencing The Bible Society of Scotland the inroads of the white man. The Japanese and Chinese began a work among seamen in The orig,inal inhabitants have have built 73 Buddhist temples 1912. This has developed to the been pushed inland into the less in America, one of them costing point of distributing Scriptures accessible and less habitable $250,000. on board ships in over a hundred parts of the country where they principal ports of the world in carryon the manner of life prac- There are 13,000,000 boys and 120 languages. The work is car- ticed by their fathers through girls under 12 years of age with- ried on by full time, part time, many generations. out religious instruction of any and by volunteer missionaries. kind in the United States. 'No mission halls are maintained Satan has made the barriers on shore; the work is solely on for reaching the unevangelized We are told that most young shipboard. tribes almost insuperable. The people accept Christ before the best provision that has been age of 16. After 16, there is Large numbers of Russian made for the great tribes which only one chance in 29 of win- sailors arrive at Copenhagen on inhabit vast areas of the earth ning an individual for Christ board Russian ships, and return is by means of an occasional and the Church. to their homes in Russia. This missionary who has learned the g,ives a wonderful oPPQrtunity language of some primitive -Presbyterian Banner. of introducing the Scriptures tribe, or by an interpreter. It is into Soviet Russia. As a result, most needful that every tribe Low Overhead Expense several Russian seamen have shall have the Gospel in its own been truly converted. language. Missionaries who are The Church of Scotland is re- doing evangelistic work and are sponsible for 18 mission fields Some Gospels were distrib- loaded with adminisltrative du- (8 in India, 6 in Africa, two in uted on a German ship going to ties do not have time to translate China, one in Jamaica, one in Cape Town via West African the Scriptures. It usually takes Arabia); where there are at ports. After reading the Gos- a man from fifteen to twenty work 741 missionaries, includ- pels, .one of the men requested years to translate the New Tesing 195 wives of missionaries, that the remainder should be tament, unless he can give it his and where there are regular saved from falling into the entire time and thought. members to the number of 157,- hands of a rabid Communist, 000. This Church stands fourth who wished to destroy them, and A Training Camp for linguishighest in its missionary serv- he stowed them away in his tic missionaries has been in opice among missionary churches locker. The ship called at a eration at Sulphur Springs, of the world, and has the excel- West African port, formerly Ark., for the past two summers. lent record .of spending only 5 German territory, and a native The men live under conditions per cent of its foreign mission was given a Gospel. The news as nearly similar as possible to giving on overhe1ad. In fact, in spread that this man had a Book those which they will find among certain areas where expenditure of God which he could read. a primitive people. They are has been cut still more, the Soon boats pulled out to the ship taught phonetics so that they Church has been able to carry at anchor and men stood up and will be able to reduce to writout all the home administration yelled for Gospels. The whole ing the various sounds in the on foreign mission work at a supply, which had been saved language which they will seek to cost of only 3.33 per cent. from the hands .of the Commu- learn, and how to translate the nist, were given to these natives New Testament into a primitive -Marcus Spencer. who rowed ashore with them, language. They are instructed where they began at once to read in the art of making a dictionary Mass Exodus of Jews them, and to carry them to their and grammar, and in the reli- Recommended villages. -London Missionary gious customs and superstitions of these peoples. Jacob de Haas, Zionist leader Herald. and author, told a grQUp of hear- L. L. LETGERS. ers in New YQrk recently that mass emigration, probably to Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~"===-",,,===—–=~===-=======-~======,~ NINE NEW BOOKS A few weeks behind the vet- ican youth, who had his leg shot eran tramper, came two young- off while defending Porfirio ON MEXICO sters from Princeton University, Diaz, later became director of who tell of their experiences in Colegio Internacional in Guada- People in the United States "Mexican Odyssey." 3 One an lajara and then came to New are being given a real opportu- artist and the other an author York, has given us the life exnity to look at their next door seem over-anxious to emphasize perience of many a Mexican neighbor through opportunities their drinking ability and seldom youthful revolutionist – maybe to visit Mexico offered by travel get below the surface of Mex- his own. The young heroine bureaus, "seminars" and teach- ican life. journeys, spiritually as well as ers' excursions, and by the in- physically, from old-fashioned creasing number of books about The most qelightful and the Mexico to a communistic center Mexican life. most understanding of the recent in Harlem and then back to books on the Revolution is seething social revolt in her na- "Off to Mexico" 1 – just what "Tempest Over Mexico" 4 by tive land. Here are many of the many would like to do – is the Rosa King, an English lady. cross currents that sweep hi,ther title of a travel book by the Here is one of those honest hu- and yon the Mexican youth of to- Moats family – Leone and Alice man documents from which real day-and here also is the happy Leone – who certainly k now history is made. Happily it is ending of a group of young their Mexico. "A guide book" is written in charming style, by one patriots who decide that life's the subtitle, but one would never who comes to interest us as much adventure is most worth while know it, if he has in mind the as do such heroes as Emiliano when it has a truly Christian old-style affair, in small type, Zapata, General Angeles, Presi-. basis. long lists of hotels and advice dent Huerta, the martyred Maabout the weather. The reading dero and other famous char- In the spirited religious conof this book will delightfully pre- acters who became known to the test in Mexico, each side of the pare one for a visit. author while conducting her triangle – Government, Roman famous tearoom and hotel in Catholics and Protestants-have The veteran tramper, Harry Cuernavaca in the midst of the iss u e d statements concerning Franck, has recently yielded to most exciting days of the Revo- their positions. "Conflict Bethe temptation to pursue the lution. Mrs. King may have lost tween the Civil Power and the unique paths South of the Rio her property, but she retained Clergy,"6 by Emilio Portes Gil, Grande, and as a result has given and multiplied her human sym- an important historical and legal us "Trailing Cortes Through pathies, her courage, born of the essay by a former Attorney Gen- Mexico." 2 This excellent volume righteousness of her purpose, eral, gives the Government's helps me to forgive him for his and her real friendship for the viewpoint. "Blood Drenched "Vagabonding Down the Andes." Mexican people. Here is more Altars," by Francis Clement As a young tramp he failed to real insight into the Revolution Kelly,7 a Roman Catholic Bishop, get the subtle humor, home-spun and more true' explanation of gives the Church's interpretaphilosophy and big-heartedness why Mexican soldiers fight than tion of Mexican history and her of the Andean citizen, so poor in can be found in many a solemn reasons for refusing to accept modernity. But he has found it volume purporting to philoso- the Government's position. "Rein Mexico – or did his wife phizeon this great social up- ligion in the Republic of Mex- Rachael, a delightful bit of the heaval. ico," 8 by Gonzalo Baez Camargo book's scenery – discover it for him. Here they have found the In the delightful story "Lu- and Kenneth G. Grubb is a very real Mexican, with his innate pita," 5 Alberto Rembao, a Mex- valuable documented study of friendliness, his native charm, even when far removed from 8 Willett & Clark, Chicago, 1935, pp. 292, • Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mexico, D. F., what we call civilization. price $2.50. 1935, pp. 135, obtainable at Mexican con- sulates.

• Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1935, price 7 Bruce Pub. Co., Milwaukee, pp. 502, price 1 Scribners, New York, 1935, price $4.50. $3. $3. .

2 Stokes, New York, 1935, pp. 373, price • Friendship Press, New York, 1935, pp. 8 "'orld Dominion Press, London, pp. 166, $3.50. 192, price $1. price $2.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RllvIllw publishers on receipt of price.

r 159 ] the recent revolution and its and are in language that very transpositions and omISSIOns relations to the religious ques- small children will understand. tion, from the Protestant Chris- that seem unwarranted. In realtian standpoint. It contains Church, Community and State – A ity the volume is a careful parachapters on Ancient and Mod- World Issue. By J. H. Oldham. phrase-a rendering of what the ern Mexico, The Achievements Preface by William Adams Brown. translators conceive to be the of the Revolution, The Religious Pamphlet. Harper and Bros. New meaning of the writers-rather Question, The Evangelical Move- York. 1935. ment, The Future, and includes than an accurate translation of maps and charts, a calendar of Great changes have been takreligious events, the number of ing place in religious liberty. the words used. The new mod- Roman Catholic priests and Dr. Oldham has made a deep ern Bible cannot replace' older Protestant workers and much study of the relation of governother interesting and useful in- ments to the Church and to translations but it is well done. formation. Christian progress. He knows the facts and thinks clearly so Off to Panama. By B. H. Pearson. The happier relations between that this pamphlet will repay Pamphlet. 35 cents. Free Tract the governments of the neigh- study for the light it throws on boring countries is illustrated in tFhaesciisnmfluaenndceNaotfionCaol mSomcuianlisims~ Society. 510 No. Main St., Los the publication by the Depart- to the problems of religious life Angeles, Calif. 1935. ment of Education of the United and liberty. . States Government of a delight- Mr. Pearson, who has been fully written booklet of seventythree pages on the rural schools working among Latin Americans of Mexico. In "The House of the People," 9 Mrs. Katherine for eighteen years, here tells the Cook has given an indispensable description and enchanting ex- story of Jose Avila, a former planation of how Mexico is successfully attacking her formid- colonel in the Mexican aJremsuy~ able problem of educating the now a true soldier of rural masses – one of the most remarkable educational develop- Studies in Ephesians and Studies in Christ and a preacher of His ments in the world today. Colossians. By E. Y. Mullins. 12 mo. 144 pp. each. Cloth, 60 cents; Gospel. It is a story of remark- S. G. INMAN. paper, 40 cents.. Sunday School Board, Southern Baptist Convention. able answers to prayer difficul- Bible Stories for Small People. By Nashvill!!, Tenn. 1935. Muriel Chalmers and Mary Ent- ties overcome, danger's faced wistle. Illus. by Elsie Anne Wood Dr. Mullins, formerly presi- and Roberta F. C. Wandby. 12 vol. dent of the Baptist Theological and victories won in Mexico and 16 mo. 60 pages. 25 cents each. Seminary at Louisville, Ken- Thos. Nelson and Sons. New York. tucky, possessed Biblical scholar- California. The incidents are 1935. ship and ability to teach and write. Dr. G. S. Dobbins has stirring and have a definite spir- Small children will like these edited and adopted these studies attractive little volumes of Bible for reading and classroom work. itual message but the colonel's stories-very simply told and at- They will repay careful study for tractively illustrated in oriental the light they throw on the present work in Panama is the style. Each volume relates to Word, and the practical help one character and contains little they give for daily life and subject of the story. more than full titles to the service. twenty-eight colored pictures. The. F!ne Ar~ of Soul Winning. By Three stories (volumes) relate to Jesus' childhood, three to His WIllIam Wlstas Hamilton. 12 mo. parables, three to incidents in His life, and the remaining three 109 pp. 60 cents, cloth; 40 cents, tell of Samuel, Moses and Isaac. Missionary par~nts and others paper. S. S. Board of the Southern will find these very useful in teaching Bible stories to their Baptist Convention, Nashville Tenn . children and they will form a 1935. ' good nucleus to a child's library. They are not in Bible words but The Bible. An Ame rSicmanithTraanndslEadtgioan~ The president of the Baptist are true to its teaching and spirit Edited by J. M. P. Bible Institute in New Orleans • Government Printing Office, Washington, J. Goodspeed. 8 vo. 883 and 247 has given us a very helpful book 1932, pp. 73, price 10 cents. pp. $2.00. University of Chicago on personal work. While ar- ranged for a study course it is Press. Chicago. 1935. readable and stimulating. Every A new translation of the Bible Christian would do well to read is a~w~ys i~teresting and is help- carefully, digest prayerfully and practice diligently.

ful If mtellIgently and faithfully Into All the World. By Dr. Arthur J. Brown and Dr. John D. Freeman. done. The present translation is 12 mo. 105 pp. 60 cents. S. S. Board, Southern Baptist Conven- by a group of scholars of the tion. Nashville, Tenn. 1935.

University of Chicago. The work "The Why and How of For- eign Missions," a very valuable is reverently done in order that and popular presentation of the enterprise, written by Dr. Brown "the religious influence of the s.everal years ago, is here pub- lIshed under a new title, in an Bible may be furthered in our amended form for use in the Southern Baptist churches. It is generation." Bible students will not brought up to date but is worthy of study by any Christian disagree as to the accuracy of group or by anyone who wants to know the basic principles and re- the translation of various pas- sults of foreign missions.

sages and many will not relish the change in some familiar verses. They give new render- ings but do not give their rea- sons. Why do they translate the first verse of the Bible "When God began to create the heavens and the earth"? There are also

Books Obituary Notes urged to accept a place in the

Consider Africa. Basil Mathews. (Concluded from page 118.) • • • Government but refused. 159 pp. 28. Edinburgh House The Rev. Thomas Barclay, D.D., Press. London. of Formosa, formerly a missionary of preaching and teaching the Lao peo- the Presbyterian Church of England, The Crow Indians. Robert H. Lowie. ple. died on October 5, 1935, at the ripe 350 pp. $4.00. Farrar and Rine- age of 86. He was one of the noblest hart. New York. He was born in the Isle of Skye, missionaries of modern times, and an Scotland, Aug. 15, 1869, and received Honorary Vice-President of the Na- The Tarahumara. An Indian Tribe his general education in that country; tional Bible Society of Scotland. He of Northern Mexico. Wendell C. he then went to Canada to engage in sailed for Formosa in 1875. His Bennett and Robert M. Zingg. 412 church work and was graduated from labors in that island and on the China pp. $4.00. University Press. Chi- Manitoba University, at Winnipeg. mainland were astonishing. His cago. After serving in North Dakota under the National Board, in 1902 he was greatest achievement was his transla- South America. Handbook of the appointed by the Board of Foreign tion of the whole Bible into the Amoy Work of the South American Mis- Missions as a missionary to Siam. dialect of Chinese, which, in Roman- sionary Society. Andrew Pride and ised Script, has done so much for the A. J. Cowell. mus. 62 pp. 9d. ••• South American Missionary Society. Frederick N. Charrington, of Lon· London. don, who, at the age of 20 gave up a evangelization of China. His services as a Christian statesman were re- Both Sides of the Buka Passage. An brewing fortune of £1,250,000 for con- warded by his receiving from the Ethnographic Study of Social, Sex- science' sake, died January 2d, after ual and Economic Questions in the 65 years of service in the cause of Emperor of Japan the Order of the Northwestern Solomon Islands. Bea- • • Rising Sun. trice Blackwood. mus. 624 pp. Christianity and temperance. He • 358. Oxford University Press. united philanthropic efforts with di- London. rect Gospel testimony and had the joy Mrs. Hunter Corbett, the widow of a pioneer Presbyterian missionary to The Japan Christian Year Book. of seeing many remarkable conver- China, died on January 28th in Shang- Edited by F. D. Gealy and Akira sions. Ebisawa. 496 pp. Y 2.50 or 78. 6d. ••* hai at the age of 76. Helen Suther- Kyo Bun Kwan, Tokyo; Kegan land was born in Coburg, Ontario, Paul, London. Canada, and after a nurse's training Willis E. Lougee, Congregational course went to China in 1888 as a Cameos from Purulia. L. Margaret layman, formerly connected with the missionary. The next year she mar- Sharpe. mus. 79 pp. 28. Mission Y. M. C. A., died at Billings, Montana, ried Dr. Hunter Corbett of the Pres- to Lepers. London. November 3d. He had served from byterian Church in the U. S. A. He 1907 to 1910 as associate secretary of was at one time moderator of the What Is Shinto? Genchi Kato. Illus. the Congregational Home Missionary Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., and 73 pp. lB. 6d. Kegan Paul. Lon- Society, and from 1910 to 1913 as its died in 1920. Mrs. Corbett is sur- don. treasurer. From 1924 to 1934 he col- vived by one son, a stepson and five lected about $5,000,000 for various re- Popular Hinduism. The Religion of ligious and philanthropic societies. stepdaughters. She and her husband the Masses. L. S. S. O'Malley. 246 gave a total of 112 years to mission- pp. 78. 6d. Cambridge University **• ary work in China. Press. London. The Rev. Arthur J. Smith, D.D., If you use The Encyclopedia of Islam. Edited for seventeen years superintendent of by M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, the Evangelistic Committee of New PRINTING H. A. R. Gibb, W. Heffening and E. York City, died at his home in Kew Levi-Provencal No. 52. 1024 pp. Gardens, N. Y., on January 22d in his YOU will profit from an ac- 78.9d. Luzac. London. 71st year. He was born in Robinson, quaintanceship with us. We Canada, and after graduation from do the job complete in our own Creative Society. A Study of the Re- Eastman College, Poughkeepsie, went plant, whether it be large or lation of Christianity to Commun- into business and then into the Y. M. small. ism. John MacMurray. 196 pp. C. A. Later he served as assistant 58. Student Christian Movement pastor in the Bethany Presbyterian While our specialty is Books, Press. London. Church, Philadelphia, a position which Magatines and Pamphlets, yet he resigned to become associated as we have a variety of modern The Church at Work in the Modern an evangelist with Dwight L. Moody, equipment to meet all the re- World. Edited by William Clayton B. Fay Mills, and J. Wilbur Chapman. quirements of your particular Bower. 304 pp. $2. University job. You will find our service Press. Chicago. *•• prompt, careful and courteous.

Central Africa-News and Views. A Dr. David Z. T. Yui, a prominent Will you allow us to estimate quarterly report of the life and work Chinese Christian leader, formerly on your next printing? We be- of the Blantyre and Livingstonia very active in the Y. M. C. A. of lieve you will be delighted with Missions of the Church of Scotland. China, died in Shanghai on January our product, price and service. Illus. Mission Press, Blantyre, 22d at the age of 54. Dr. Yui was a Nyasaland. Annual sub. 48. 6d. member of the Protestant Episcopal The EVANGELICAL PRESS Vol. 1, No.1, July, 1935. Church and was well known in China and America. He was one of the Printers of By Patience and the Word. The founders of the Institute of Pacific Story of the Moravian Missions. Relations and was the people's dele- The Missionary Review of the World Samuel King Hutton. 262 pp. gate from China to the Conference on Hodder & Stoughton. 58. London. Disarmament in Washington in 1921. PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE He was general secretary of the Na- Third end Reily Strub He"lsbwl, P•• The Story of Fifty Years. Carrie T. tional Committee of the Y. M. C. A. Burritt. 213 pp. $1.00. Light and of China and had been chairman of Life Press. Winona Lake, Indiana. the National Christian Council of China. He prepared for college in Canton and was later graduated from Harvard where he took his master's degree. A leading Chinese magazine named him as one of the twelve great- est living Chinese leaders. He was

THESE SPECIAL

The Missionary Review th~World You will learn in our October number about A/rica from an A/rican Viewpoint The African's View of Africa What Christ Means to Me•••By Africans African Characteristics and Customs What Christian Missions Have Accomplished···By Africans What Africa Needs Most•••By Africans The White Man's Views 0/ A/rica The Results of Fifty Years of Missions Present.Day Hindrances to Christianity What Missions Are Doing Today Heroes of the Cross in Africa The Next Step in African Missions Best Books by Africans and About Africa Negroes Tell About the Negro in America in our June number What American Negroes Are Thinking Negro Views of Negro Problems Some Achievements of American Negroes Ideals for Better Race Relations What Christ Has Done for Negroes Some Outstanding Negro Christians What Negroes Are Doing for Their Race White Contributors Will Write on Helps and Handicaps in Negro Progress Progress in the Past Half Century Some Lessons from Experience in Mission Work The Next Steps in Work for American Negroes Best Books by Negroes and About Negroes Order These Copies Now Eor Yourself and Eor Mission Study Classes 25 cents a copy $20 a hundred $2.50 a year The Missionary Review oJ t:he World Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1922

JOHN R. MOTT ADDRESSING THE WORLD'S CHRIS'l'IAN STUDENT CONFERENOE

Be a Student in the World's Greatest School- THE BIBLE No other study and no other school yields so rich rewards!-the knowledge without which all other knowledge is empty and vain-wisdom whose .. fruit is better than gold"- understanding – honor – safety -Godly prosperity-the sunshine of God's favor for this life and the life to come!

And when you study the Bible by means of a MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE CORRE- SPONDENCE COURSE you are directed in your studies by eminent, spirit-filled Bible scholars-Rev. James M. Gray, D. D., Rev. R. A. Torrey, D.D., Rev..C. L Scofield, D. D., and others.

Noted Authorities Say: REV. JAMESM.GRAY. D. D. AuthoT of the Synthetic CoUTU "There ta nothing that 80 stimulates "I received more practical and helpful the mental faculties ae diJil'ent study knowledge in regard to Bible doctrine of the Bible. There the soul of man than front any other course of study I touches the mind of Cod. The greate~t have ever taken. The teaching ia purely thou&,hts in the world enrich the mind biblical and not perverted by aJl7 secta- and enlarge the 8Oul." ,!:iS.r:l~~!~ c~i!~~::uidtei=c~ England's great statesman. William E. ,Gladstone. writing to the University better fitted for service in any capacity of Edinburgh, said: "All the wonders of if privileged to take a course of tbi. kind." Greek civilization heaped together are les. wonderful than i. the amele book HFor nearly twenty-five ,.ea… I have o f P a a l n t. .n served as president of a home and foreign missionary society and have been en- Makes You Think Carefully gapd in other branches of Christian "To write what you think causes you to work. I desire to say with .,""cia) emthink. Putting your thoughts on paper is a ~hasis that this i. a course (Practi4.al practical and powerful means of producing a systematic and logical arrangement of your ta~:~tii:-~':l.e~~ .:W~u~tiif:~:d views and opinions. prepares for every good work.. I have IIA.nd hel'e i. 'lh. baais of education by longed for .uch a course for y……U correspondence: It makes you think carefully," Choice of Eight Complete Courses " IParmaigsleadFthraot m Graduates to For courses covering the entire Bible. we strongly advise that you take one of the I had the courage following: SYNTHETIC BIBLE STUDY. ~r;fo':~: !~~ti:!~:!'e :;·th:tc!~';C:: SCOFIELD BIBLE CORRESPONDENCE for it has been of great value to DIe and COURSE. BIBLE DOCTRINE. BIBLE CHAPTER SUMMARY. Four other popu· !e~:::n!:::t~J!IYS;::~tc i~:u::d!! lar and invaluable courses are PRACTICAL every Sunday-school teacher and every CHRISTIAN WORK. INTRODUCTORY BIBLE COURSE. CHRISTIAN EVI- H.lover of Bible trutb." DENCES. and EVANGELISM. &nished the Scofield Bible Course Enroll for a Moody Bible Institute Corre· f~dt fthh: {!~~ :r~=!;rB::.::!i~~8~~ spondence Course NOW. You will be a per•. in preparing Aermon., teaching Bible ~~~,!'~~.!r-~;:,e·~~~~rn~~u8b'UW~ ~a:!e:~;s:,~~:r ~t;:l~~drh~~c:::!r'hC:d~ though l apent four years in coDepo" ARE SOLD FAR BELOW COST.

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. . • . • . THE WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT CONFERENCE IN SESSION AT PEKING EDITORIALS ….•..•…….•.• • …………………………•………..

DENOMINATIONAL REORGANIZATIONS POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN EGYPT CHURCH UNION IN AUSTRALIA THE MISSIONARY AND HIS MESSAGE MISGOVERNMENT IN TURKEY AN h[PROVED OUTLOOK IN CHINA THE SPIRITUAL CLINIC IN ARABIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY PAUL W. HARRISON 527 A stimulating account of an experiment in a mission hospital in Arabia, where Dr. Ha'T'1"ison diagn08ed spiritual diseases and Idudied spiritual remedies 'with the same care a"d system as was used in treati:ng physical illness.

THE WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT CONFERENCE IN PEKING ….. . …….. . ………………….. ……… ….. . By ROBERT P. WILDEK 530 The report of a very interesting and important gathering of Christian students from all over the world at the oopital of the Chinese republic in the midst of social, economie, paUmeal and religious upheavals.

THE POVERTY OF PERSIA: ITS CAUSE AND CURE .. BY ROBERT E. SPEER 538 A report of personal abseT''/JOJtions during OJ recent three mo,nths' tour of Persia, the land of past greatness, of present disaster and of !,utltre possibilities. Illustrated from photographs.

A MISSION IN THE ARCTIC CIRCLE. .. , ……… ' ……… BY F. H. SPENCE 552 The story of work nt Barrow, Alaska, the northernmost mi.•sion station in the world, where mJissionaries receive freight and mail once or twice a year.

THE LIFE OF A LADY DOCTOR IN INDIA-II, …………………. , ………………….. ' , ………….. EDITED BY MRS. GEORGR A. PAULL 555 Fasoinating extracts from the letters of Dr. Elizabeth G. Lewis, describing varied experiences during her first term of service in India.

IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS …………… ,., …… BY JOHN G. WHEEN 561 A picture of the condition among the savages of the South Seas and the results of Christian work among them; written by the Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australia.

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It describes the Annuity Bond, a _safe, convenient, and productive investment which promotes a fundamental Christian enterprise. Endorsed by all denominations.

Write for Booklet 52 AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY BIBLE HOUSE ASTOR PLACE NEW YORK PERSONALS MISS RUTH MUSKRAT, of the Qherokee Indian tribe, a student at the University of REV_ ABR-AM E. CORY, D.D., formerly a- Kansas, was sent by the National Board of missionary of the Disciples in China, and Y. W..C. A. to the recent conference of the later secretary of the United Christian Mis- World:'s StUdent Christian Federation at sionary Society, and the chief promoter of Peking, and is the first American Indian the Men and Missions Movement in his de- ,to take part in such a world conference. nomination, has resigned his, secretarial work and has accepted charge oVer:a church DR. E. M. * president of at Kinston, North Carolina, to ,6,egin Sep· ternber first. POTEAT, formerly Furman University, South Carolina, and subsequently one of the travelling secretaries DR. J. KELLY GIFFEN, a, pioneer mission- of the Laymen '8 Missionary Movement, has ary in the Egyptian Sudan, was elected spent the past eight months teaching at the moderator at the recent United Presbyterian Baptist College in Shanghai, China, and in General Assembly, in Cambridge, Ohio. Dr. delivering addresses to students in other Giffen went to Egypt forty years ago and mission and government schools. twenty yea~s later opened up mission work in the Sudan. **"

* CLE:VELAND H. DODGE, who has given many DR. Tou LAMBIE, of the United Presby- proofs of his interest in the people of the ,Near East, has recently contributed $165,000 terian Church and a pioneer missionary of towards the million-dollar fund which is that church to Abyssinia, is now in America. being raised for Robert College, Constan- He plans to take back with him a number tinople College for Women, and the Amerof new recruits to this field, which has re- ican University of Beirut. cently been entered by special invitation of the King of Abyssinia. •*• "" MRS. C. R. VICKERY, of Syracuse, for- merly a missionary in Malaysia, is preparing DR. JOSEPH C. ROBBINS, Foreign Secretary the way for the study of Dr. Fleming's of the American Baptist Foreign Mission book, "Building with India," by ad- Society, has returned to America after a dresses on Indian themes, and especially by strenuous year spent for the most part in striking monologues, in one of which she visiting missions in India, O,n which he is teUs the story of Pandita Ramabai, and in writing a book. ' another impersonates a high-caste Hindu child widow.

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JULY, 1922

XLV. SEVEN DENOMINATIONAL REORGANIZATION T IVE o.rganizations are continually looking for new methods and L readjustments which will eliminate friction in operation and waste of time and money, and will increase efficiency and the spirit of cheerful cooperation. Various denominations have reorganized along different lines with these ends in view. The Methodists (North) first united and then divided their home and foreign mission departments. They now have fifteen boards and commissions to do their work and have recently established a General Council of Boards of Benevolence with an executive Committee on Conservation and Advance, with headquarters in Chicago. . The Southern Methodists have a Commission to study a plan for the consolidation of their numerous boards. The Northern Baptist Convention has established a General Board of Promotion made up of representatives from the various Boards of the Church. The Congregationalists not long ago readjusted and united some home mission agencies. The Protestant Episcopal Church carries on all work under one general board called "The Presiding Bishop and CounciL" The United Presbyterians, recently voted on a reorganization of their Boards. The Presbyterian Church (North), which, a few years ago organized aNew Era Movement to bind together the promotion work of all its seventeen boards and committees, has now taken a more radical step calling for a reorganization of practically all its philanthropic and missionary agencies. This action was taken with a view to symplifying the work and in the hope of greater unity, economy and efficiency. What the results will actually be can only be conjectured.

According to the new plan the seventeen Presbyterian boards and agencies will be brought under four reorganized boards,· namely: 1. The Board of Foreign Missions, which absorbs the Woman '8 Board of 'Foreign Missions, and allots to women fifteen of the forty members. .

2. The Board of National Missions which is "to extend the Gospel of Christ in all its fulness, and the service of Christ in all its implications."

517

This absorbs the Board of Home Missions, Woman's Board of Home Mis- sions, Board of Church Erection, Board of Missions for Freedmen, except educational work, the Permanent Committee on Evangelism, and the missionary and evangelistic functions of the Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work.

3. Board of Christian Education which takes the place: of the General Board of Education, the Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work, the educational work of the present Board of Missions for Freedmen, the schools of the Woman's Board of Home Missions, the missionary educational departments of the existing Boards, the Permanent Committee on Men's Work, the Board of Temperance and Moral Welfare, the Permanent Committee on Sabbath Observance. The activities will be reorganized in seven departments, Higher Education, Religious Education, Missionary Education, Moral Welfare, Publication, and Men's Work.

4. Board of Ministerial Relief and Sustentation, which, it is suggested, might also include a Department of Hospitals and Homes, and a Department of Pensions for those non-ministerial persons who give life service to the Church as teachers and social welfare workers.

The Committee on reorganization also recommended a General Council of twenty-seven members, to represent the General Assembly ad interim and to include the work of the Executive Oommission and the New Era Commission, so as to "make possible an economical and efficient supervision of all the affairs of the executive department of the Church." If this plan is adopted at the next General Assembly the membership will include the salaried Chilinnan of the Council, the Stated Clerk of the General Assembly,. the Moderator of the General Assembly, the retiring Moderator and his predecessor, one representative of each of the four boards, and eighteen members at large elected by the General Assembly. 'rhis General Council will prepare the budget for the consideration of the General Assembly. The chairman, who is to give his entire time to the general guidance of the work, is elected for five years, the others (except the Stated Clerk) hold office for three years, and cannot be re-elected for more than two consecutive tenns. The plan places control in the .hands of the Church at large, with a minimum of board representation. The total budgets of these boards is about $13,000,000 but the Church has resources sufficient to furnish at least $25,000,000 annually for its missionary and philanthropic work. There is evidently need for a more devoted practice of Christian stewardship..

CHURCH UNION IN AUSTRALIA AND ELSEWHERE NEW steps toward Christian cooperation and Church union, or federation, are frequently reported. Indian Christians are appointing committees and endeavoring to perfect plans for a united Indian Church; Chinese Christians are voicing their disapproval of a perpetuation of Western sectarianism inChirta; Canadian Protestants have made plans for bringing Methodists, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, and possibly others, into one

1 EDITORIAL COMMENTS

united body. A group of clergymen representing the Episcopal and' Presbyterian churches recently challenged their ecclesiastical assemblies to unite on the basis of double ordinations to the ministry which would enable such doubly ordained clergymen to minister in either Church. In Great Britain and elsewhere the proposals of the Lambeth Conference have been the basis of much discussion. In Australia, a Conference on Reunion was held in March, presided over by the Anglican Primate, at which plans were discussed for the reunion of Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational churches. Rev. Dr. Carruthers, an ex-President of the Methodist General Conference, reports: "In certain fundamentals, we found ourselves from the outset on common ground, with regard to questions on which ten years ago, or even less, there were still wide differences of opinion. The dangers and folly and sin of disunion were, for example, explicitly acknowledged. There was full agreement that the unity which was God's will and for which we were working must be manifested in one visible organic society; nor was there any question that the bonds of that unity must include not only a common faith, but a common ministry both of the Word and of the Sacraments."

The chief subjects discussed were Episcopacy, Ordination, and Creeds, and the greatest unanimity was reached with regard to the first of these. Noteworthy admissions were made on both sides. On the Episcopal side it was conceded that there is no method or form of Church government at present in existence that can claim to be exclusively Apostolic, and that the question for to-day is not what form of government existed in the Church 1,500 or 1,900 years ago, but what is the best to be done in the present age. On the non-Episcopal side, it was admitted that since three~fourths of the Christendom of the world at present is organized on the Episcopal basis, in any large view of reunion this fact must be taken into consideration. It was also held that Episcopacy may be organized on a democratic and constitutional basis.

The following is the very remarkable resolution moved by an' Anglican delegate, seconded by a Methodist delegate, and unanimously carried: "That, while the right of the Church to determine its own polity at any time is recognized, in the opinion of this Conference it is expedient that the polity of the reunited Catholic Church be Episcopal, provided (1) The appointment to the office of a bishop be shared in by ministry and laity; (2) That such office be exercised in a representative and constitutional manner, i. e., thatin all administrative actions the bishop should be responsible to the representative assembly, conference, or synod of the Church; (3) That such acceptance of Episcopacy does not necessarily imply that ministerial authority cannot be otherwise obtained, or that Episcopacy is the only channel of Divine grace."

A much more difficult subject was that of Ordination. After protracted discussion, it was moved by an Anglican, seconded by a Presbyterian, and agreed: "That this Conference recommends that the mutual recognition of Episcopal and non-Episcopal orders and commissions be thoroughly explored by

the respective Churches, and to this end recommendB the appointment of a committee for the purpose of receiving reports from such Churches, and ascertaining the l?ossibilities of arriving at a common mind, and reporting to a further Conference suggestions as to details or formula of any such commission or commissions."

The Conference passed the following resolution on the subject of Creeds: "That, while conditions of membership in the reunited Church might be satisfied by the Apostles' Creed, or some shorter and simpler form of personal confession of the Christian faith, a corporate creed would be necessary as a common standard precedent to union, and for this purpose the Nicene Creed would be a most appropriate and acceptable form."

The spirit of Christian brotherliness characterized the delegates, and both sides were ready to make real and not merely shadowy concessions, as was shown especially in the far-reaching resolution on Episcopacy. This will be a stimulus to churches of other lands. The next Conference on Reunion will meet early in 1923.

POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN EGYPT T HE new political status of Egypt, which was inaugurated on March 15, carries with it certain provisos whose exact limits are not yet defined but whose general character and scope are known. The first proviso, however, seems to insure the permanency of the Christian missionary work and stipulates that Egypt is to adopt a satisfactory Constitution which will protect religious liberties and t~e rights of the minorities. Another proviso states that a bill of indemnity is to be passed by the Egyptian Parliament. As has been stated before Great Britain reserves the right to protect both Egypt and the Suez Canal and intends to retain full possession of the Egyptian Sudan, including Khartum and the great Assouan dam.

The situation has already created a split between the Moderates and the Extremists. The latter, whose leader Zaghloul Pasha has been deported, denounce King Fuad and his Moderate party as traitors to Egyptian liberty because they are willing to cooperate with the British. As the Moderates are in power and are firmly supported by the British, they are able to show a measure of stability which may ultimately win the day. The majority of the Egyptian population is apparently opposed to the present regime and even where they are not violently hostile, they II sit in the seat of the scorner" and repudiate the new king and his ministry. The principle of Egyptian Government has been that of monarchy, even to absolutism. Instead of grieving over the absence of democracy, it is worth while to recognize two encouraging facts showing growth in the direction of representative government. One is the surrender by the King of his own legislative powers to his Council of Ministers; the other is their subjection of themselves, in turn, to a

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

parliament to which they shall be responsible. Whatever the stages in the present political development, the Egyptian people seem to be coming steadily into the control of their own affairs. The increased n"ational responsibilities are calling loudly for responsible and well trained leadership. Under the new constitution all religions are free and are protected by the State, insofar as they do not interfere with public order or morals. All Egyptian citizens are declared equal before the law and all are eligible for public offices and honors.

This situation presents to all of the Christian missionary work in Egypt an unusual opportunity. The Christian educational work is especially face to face with a challenge seldom equalled.

THE MISSIONARY AND THE MESSAGE T HE charges against the Christian beliefs and teachings of missionaries in China and elsewhere have naturally caused much disquietude of mind on the part of Christians who have sent them out to preach the Gospel of Christ and to lay the foundations for the Christian church abroad. The question as to "what is orthodoxy" will have many replies according to one's viewpoint but the real question is, "What is the final and absolute authority for the message that Christian ambassadors go to deliver to non-Chris. tian peoples Y" Is the Bible their standard in all matters of faith and practice 1 Is Jesus Christ accepted as the Son of God, theit divine Lord, and the only Saviour of mankind 7 Any other position makes human reason and philosophy the standard of faith and practice and as a result teaches men to depend on human effort and merit for their deliverance from the power of sin and its eternal consequences.

If a living and healthy Church is to be established in these mission fields it is of supreme importance that the ambassadors of Christ have a clear, positive and authoritative message. If any are building on any other foundation than that indicated by Christ, they should be discredited as Christian teachers and recalled by the Church at the home base.

Every Presbyterian ,missionary, before appointment, affirms his or her faith in the" Scriptures of the Old and New Testament as the Word of God and thl> only infallible rule of faith and practice, and also the belief in th" virgin birth, the deity of Christ, the atonement, the resurrecti(,'l and other teachings of that church. The China Council of the Presbyterian Church recently sent a report home as a result of investigation and declared that all the Presbyterian missionaries accept the deity of our Lord Jesus Christ but the Council entreats the parents, pastors and teachers of the home church to use every effort to induce qualified young men and women, fervently believing in the Holy Scriptures which make wise unto salvation, to offer themselves for service on the foreign field."

There is good reason for belief in general honesty of Christian missionaries in their professions of faith but if any of them are known to deny the doctrines and standards they are sent to proclaim they should be recalled immediately. It is equally essential that tlie Church and its institutions at home be kept pure and true in order that those sent out may be worthy representatives of Christ.

In the summer of 1920 the Bible Union of China was organized for the purpose of emphasizing the belief of the majority of mission- aries in the divine authority of the Bible, and the necessity of stand- ing firmly for the deity of Christ, the efficacy of His atonement, the bodily resurrection and similar fundamental teachings of Christ.

About 1,500 missionaries in China out of 7,000 Protestant foreign missions have joined the Union and by prayer, Bible study and con- structive spiritual teaching are endeavoring to strengthen evangelical mission work. The committee appointed by the Presbyterian Church (North), to investigate the theological soundness of its missionaries reported to the recent General Assembly that they had been unable to discover any proofs of disloyalty to the fundamentals of the Presbyterian faith. It is important that Christians come to some sub~ stantial agreement as to what "fundamentals" are. Christians should be as broad in their sympathies as was Christ Himself but it is as important that in faith we be no broader than the Rock on which the Church of Christ is built. .

MISGOVERNMENT IN TURKEY T HE right to rule is inseparable from right rule. All govern- ment is ideally representative of God for "the powers that be are ordained of God." A disregard of God's law of righteousness and impartial justice, therefore, deprives a ruler of his right to govern. It is this principle that has outlawed the Turkish government and that caused general rejoicing at the defeat of the Turks. Justice demanded that they be deprived of power to oppress their enemies and a strict application of righteousness would have led the Allies to discard jealousy and selfish rivalry in order to establish peace and good government in all lands where the Turkish rule had been oppressive. Instead, inter-allied suspicion and selfishness has allowed the just results of victory to be lost and the Turks have not only resorted to dictating terms of peace but have continued their policy of massacre, deportation and oppression of Christians under their control. The failure of the Allies has caused the people of the East to lose much, if not all, of their confidence in the righteousness and power of British, French and Italian rulers. This feeling has given added impetus to the unrest in Egypt, India, Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

At the recent World's Student Ohristian Oonference in Peking, where there were representatives of thirty-two nations, a resolution was unanimously passed protesting against crying injustices in all countries, but especially against the slaughter of helpless men, women and children in Asia Minor. This outstanding case of in- humanity calls for the use of all just means to ensure its immediate cessation. The resolution continued: "In full consciousness, therefore, of our own share of responsi- bility for the situation in the world to-day we commit as a solemn charge to the whole membership of our Federaton to take immediate steps so to arouse the public conscience of their fellow countrymen that effective national and international action will speedily result."

Ohristian representatives of many nations thus put themselves on record against the Turkish misrule and call for united action, not only to relieve present distress, but to cure the evil that causes the distress in every land where Moslems are in control.

We have heard so much of the suffering and death of multitudes in many lands in the past five years that we are in danger of becoming callous and of turning deaf ears and unsympathetic eyes to those who appeal for help. Millions are meanwhile dying for the material and spiritual benefits that we enjoy so freely. The wounded and dying on the fields of battle, the destitute and refugees in devastated areas, the millions of after-the-war sufferers in Russia and Oentral Europe, the hounded and murdered Armenians and Assyrians, the oppressed Koreans, the famine sufferers of Ohina, those in need of education and evangelism, the unemployed in our own land and the spiritually destitute all over the world, have had their desperate need presented so constantly and insistently that we are apt to think that since we cannot help all we might almost as well help none. God pity those whose hearts become hard and whose ears become too dull to hear the cry of the needy or whose eyes do not see the multitudes with the vision of the Master who was moved with compassion as He saw them! We cannot solve all problems but we may solve some problems and each follower of Christ is responsible only for the full use of the talents entrusted to him for the benefit of others.

Word comes from Armenia again that thousands of children must perish if Americans do not provide for them. Not only does their present existence depend on the food, clothing and shelter that Ohristians can supply but the future of the race and the influence of a Ohristian popUlation on non-Ohristian neighbors depends on the saving of these persecuted and innocent sufferers in Syria, Asia Minor and the Oaucasus. Oablegrams follow fast after one another announcing "hunger," "children starving," "misery," "death," "25,000 destitute in Alexandropol," etc., etc. The Near East Relief committee is daily sending out S. O. S. calls since a decrease in gifts coming in not only prevent the increase of appropriations called for

but at present necessitate a cutting down of supplies. "The 25% cut means literally death to thousands of innocent children, death as certain as if they were mowed down by machine guns." One hundred thousand wait to seize any crumbs that may fall from the orphans' tables. Five dollars a month will save the life of a child. Send contributions to the "Near East Relief," 151 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

THE IMPROVED OUTLOOK IN CHINA GENERAL Wu Pei-fu's victory over General Ching Tso-lin in North China, the resignation of President Hsu Shih-chang, the return of Li Yuan-hung to the presidency-conditional on the retirement of the military' 'tuchuns, " and.the offer of the premiership to Wu Ting-fang of Canton, indicate a possible reunion of China under one representative, constitutional government. The great obstacles still in the way are the dominance of Sun Yet Sen in the South and the influence of military dictators in the North. If unity and some degree of capable and unselfish leadership within China herself can follow the benefits in international relationships, reaped by the Washington Conference, then there will be a much more hopeful outlook for the republic economically and politically.

Those who have known the situation in China are not surprised that the Washington conference was unable to free her from all encroachments on her sovereignty. Numbers of international gatherings will pass before China is granted what her patriotic citizens wish and what, ultimately, they have a right to ask. The conference has, however, made clear to the world at large, and, it is to be hoped, to the Chinese people, that for political salvation the nation cannot put her trust in other governments. These many years the traditional Chinese policy has been to play one power off against another. For this policy there is ample precedent, even among strong nations, but in China's case it has been a confession of weakness and unless supplemented by vigorous internal reforms it can end only in disaster. The intelligent Chinese are. learning that China must, in the last analysis, work out her own national redemption.

The question arises as to the agencies through which this redemption is to be sought. Is it to be by railways, technical education, big factories, and large armaments, or by some of these plus a moral and spiritual renovation T The traditions of the nation, thanks to its Confucian heritage, have led it to believe that morality in both people and leaders is indispensable to national welfare and this has, apparently, for some time been a growing conviction of many thinking Chinese. Many, too, have come to feel that in the Confucian ethics there must be something lacking, or China would not be in her present plight. They have analyzed the deficiency as the relative

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

weakness of the religious motive. They have, accordingly, turned their attention to Christianity and are asking whether there may not be in that the something which China lacks and which she must acquire if she is to find herself. Many would accept Christianity if they. could be convinced that the Christian conception of God is intellectually tenable.

Just now the mind of the Chinese intellectuals is a compound of humility, impotent rage, intense patriotism, eager and radical questioning, and teachableness~ For the welfare of China it is obvious that the Church must seize the opportunity to commend her message to the Chinese both by precept· and example. If the new China is to be idealistic and not materialistic, possessed of a worldwide vision of faith and brotherhood and not of revengeful selfishness, the Christian nucleus in China must be strengthened rapidly and largely.

At present the situation seems to point to an extension of Protestant activity in China. American and British Christians have well grounded missionary establishments and are in a financial position at least to maintain and probably greatly to expand their efforts. This is especially true of the United States. Moreover, the discussion of the issues of the conference has helped for the time to concentrate the attention of Americans on China, and the importance of missions as a remedy for China's ills has been more clearly seen. Chinese Christian leadership is rapidly increasing both in numbers and ability. The Chinese are not aggressively anti-British, and they are distinctly friendly toward America.

There are, however, some factors in the situation which keep one from being unq'uestioningly optimistic. The theological controversies both in China and America tend to distract the Church from its task, curtail recruits and funds, and confuse the Chinese. Would that all of Christ's followers could learn to demonstrate their discipleship to the world by loving each other! Both Americans ood British are coming to see the importance of missions as an agency for commercial goodwill and as a means of national propaganda. The friendship of Cliinese for Americans is properly believed to be due in part to American missionary activity, and American and British merchants are tempted to strengthen the establishments, particularly the educational establishments, of their respective nationals from patriotic and commercial motives. Missions are beginning to suffer from popularity. This partial subsidence of criticism is not to be viewed with entire complacency and this effort to use missions as a conscious means of strengthening American or British influence should be resisted as one would resist the evil one.

THE FOUNDER OF THEOSOPHY"

M ADAME Yelena Petrovna Blavatski was the cousin of the famous Russian minister, Count Witte. Yelena lived with the Count's grandfather, governor of Tiflis, as she had lost her mother early in life. Her father had been a Colonel Hahn. When quite young, she married" a certain Blavatski, Vice-Governor of Erivan," but soon abandoned her husband and went back to her grandfather who decided to send her to her father then stationed near Petersburg. On her way, she was "rescued" from her convoy of trusty servants, at Poti, by an English sea captain, whom she accompanied to Constantinople. There she entered a circus as an equestrienne. She next met Mitrovitch, an opera singer, and accompanied him on his European tour, apparently as his wife. She appeared with the singer at Kiev and later at Odessa where she tried her hand successively in an ink factory, a retail shop, and in a store of artificial flowers. Mitrovitch then went with her to the Italian opera at Cairo-he a toothless lion, perennially at the foot of his mistress, an aged lady, stout and slovenly. They were shipwrecked off the African coast and Mitrovitch lost his life while she was rescued.

Several years later a certain Englishman informed the grandparents of Madame Blavatski that he had married Mme. Blavatski, who had gone with him on a business trip to the United States. Subsequently in the sixties, she became the right hand of the celebrated medium, Haisne.

Ten years later she returned to Tillis, where she conducted spiritualistic seances. Count Witte, who waf! younger than Mme. Blavatski, describes her as follows: "Her face, apparently once of great beauty, bore all the traces of a tempestous and passionate life, and her form was marred by an early obesity. She paid but sc.ant attention to her appearance but she had enormous azure colored eyes, and when she spoke with animation, they sparkled in a fashion altogether indescribable."

Madame Blavatski went to England, where she founded a Theosophie Society. To strengthen the foundations of the new cult, she traveled to India, where she studied the occult science of the Hindus. Finally she. settled at Paris, "as the acknowledged head of the Theosophists. Shortly afterwards, she fell ill and died."

This life of the Russian statesman gives striking evidence of the Imsavory origin of Theosophy, and indicates the loose morality and the great but ill-spent gifts of the founder.

*From the recently published "Memoirs of Count Witte," DOUbleday, Page and Co. 1921.

NOTE: The article in our June number on "Negro Education that Pays," with two illustration, was taken from "Race Grit," byOoe Haye, pUblished by the American Baptist Publication Society, Philadelphia.

A Spiritual Clinic in an Arab

BY PAUL HARRISON, M.D., BAHREIN, ARABIA Missionary of the Reformed Church in America A RABIA is a difficult field, and results so far have been very , small. Thirty years of hard work with practically no visible success tends to dry up the missionary's soul and produce a sort of apathy. He comes to doubt whether it makes much difference how he does his work or how many are reached by the Gospel. The results seem to be zero in either case. The Medical Missionary feels this especially, for he is overwhelmed with medical work which is most gratefully appreciated. It is not easy to keep evangelistic zeal steadily up to two hundred and twelve degrees, when results from such effort seem .nil, while the results of medical work are obvious and the call for such work is overwhelming.

Another difficulty is perhaps even more serious. There being so little evidence of spiritual results to serve as a guide for further effort, the missionary to the Moslem Arab is without chart or compass, as to methods. How shall the Mohammedan mind be approached ~ What way of presenting the Gospel is most likely to gain an entrance into his hearU What are the most fruitful forms of work1 How important these questions are, those know who struggle to answer them. Christ wants these Arabs reached. How is it to be done'

The Medical Missionary has spent many years in learning how to attack physical problems very similar to this spiritual task. His medical school did not give him a diploma until it deci9-ed that he had gained some conception of how to study a puzzling case, assemble the evidence, and on the basis of careful analysis institute suitable treatment. It would seem not impossible that some of the methods used by the physician for the diseased in body, might be useful also in work for the diseased in soul.

The first thing in the physician's study of a case is to learn, as completely as possible, the past history of the patient, the type he represents, his occupation, where he has lived, and the special strains and diseases from which he has suffered. Then the physician tries to get a very careful and thorough account of the present disease from the day of its first manifestations. Finally the patient is examined with great care and on the basis of all this information obtained, a course of treatment is started, the patient's reaction to treatment is noted, and such changes are made as seem to promise betteJ:' results. Almost the most important point of all is the keeping of a careful r/3cord of all these things so tha't the doctor need not depend on his impressions and his memory but shall have a reliable 527

record to which he can refer whenever he wishes to consider further this case or similar cases. It is on the basis of these records that progress is made in the treatment of disease. Results of different treatments can be compared, the better adopted.

Why should the children of this world be wiser in their methods than the children of Light 7 After thought and prayer, a plan was worked out in the hospital at Bahrein, the object of which is more adequate study of evangelistic methods and results among the men and women patients. The plan was modeled after the medical procedure. We first find out where a man comes from, and to what type of Islam he belongs, whether he has had' any contact with Christianity, and whether he has been associated with Christians. With the Arabs that we meet in Bahrein, a brief series of negatives answers most of the questions regarding contact with Christians and knowledge of Christianity. 'The effort to ascertain what type of Mohammedanism each patient represents is more interesting, and the information gained is more valuable. There is a great difference between the Sunnis and the Shiahs, and between the desert Wahabees and the comparatively luxurious townsmen. In addition an effort is made to ascertain the spiritual condition of the individual, and to gain some idea of his mental processes.

When it comes to' the actual presentation of. the Gospel, as has been said, there is no ohart or oompass. In one sense there never can be. The prayerful following of God's guidance will always be the supreme requisite. However, the careful study of the individual is not thereby rendered superfluous, nor is the careful study of the type useless.

We have been greatly helped by keeping records of each presentation of the Gospel and the man's reaction to it. This record has made it possible to compare results from different methods of procedure and at the end of a year to draw some conclusions as to the aspect of Christ's teaching which finds the most ready entrance into Moslem hearts. The hospital is the ideal place for such a study for there the most hostile Arab will at least listen with courteous attention. The Doctor is the man who must do the work, or at least must do some of it, for it is he above every one else who enjoys the patients' confidence and love. If he sets the example similar work on the part of others will be well accepted by the patients.

This plan has now been followed for three years in Bahrein hospital, and some tentative conclusions have been reached, which are subject to revision, but which are interesting and helpful.

In the first place it is surprising to find how little personal work the medical missionary may do and still deceive himself into thinking that he does a great deal. I remember a man at home 'who, before he tithed his income, supposed himself to be very generous. Careful accounts for a year showed his gifts to total three dollars

A SPIRI'l'UAL CLINIC IN AN ARAB HOSPITAL

and seventy-five cents. Then in shame he began to tithe. The medical missionary is likely to deceive himself in somewhat the same way, as to his personal evangelistic work among the patients. With records in black and white self-deception is not so easy.

Weare beginning to gain some clear idea of how to approach the Arab mind. We tried what might be termed the chronological presentation of Christ's teachings and life. We attempted a sort of theological or dogmatic systematization. We arranged the parables and nsed them as the basis' of a presentation of the Gospel. None of these or of the other presentations that were tried appeared to be especially suited to the mind of the men we work with, except one. The mystical aspect of the Gospel seemed to have a real entrance into mauy hearts. This came as a considerable B1lrprise, for nothing could be more unmystical and mechanical than orthodox Moslem theology or than common Moslem thought as we see it around us. Possibly for this very reason, the Gospel presented from this angle, satisfies a real thirst.

We have come to one other conclusion. The average stay of a patient in the Mason Memorial Hospital is about two weeks. Formerly we tried to go over the whole field of Christ's teachings as . adequately as possible in that time. We have now quite a different policy. Some parable or tea~hing is selected that contains in it the Gospel in miniature, as far as that is possible, and we go over the same ground every day with the patient; for the whole two weeks of his stay. Th!3 parable of the Good Shepherd seems especially suited to this use, as is Christ's teaching about abiding in Him as the Vine. The understanding and the appreciation of the message are very surprising as compared with the results when more ground is covered. The beauty and the power of the Gospel seem to impinge on the man's soul when intensive work is done with a single parable.

In these ways we are trying to do a little more efficiently, the one per cent that is given us to do, in seeking the salvation of the Arab, trusting that in His own time God will add to it, the ninetynine per cent that He only can do, and will glorify His name in raising up the Church of Christ in Arabia.

2

World's Christian Students at

The Conference of the World's Student Christian Federation, Tsing Hua College, April 4 to 9,1922 rr BY ROBERT P. WILDER General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement 0 understand the full significance of this great gathering and the reasons for the special program of the Conference it is necessary to know conditions in China to-day. The students of that land are passing through a crisis, owing especially to two important movements: 1. The New Thought Movement is leading students to question everything. According to its principles nothing should be believed unless it can stand the test of the scientific method. This movement is strongly democratic and insists upon social reform. It also emphasizes the importance of thoroughness and has no respect for traditions unless they meet the needs of to-day. 2. The Anti-Christian Movement, which started about three months ago, has been working against the World's Student Christian Federation. The reasons givt'n are that Christianity is a foreign religion, that it is political, that it is a superstition, that it is· an oppressor of mankind, that it'is an ally of capitalism and that it is a dying religion in Europe and America. The W orId War which centered in Europe has affected Chinese students greatly, leading them to doubt the necessity and efficacy of Christianity. Moreover during the past year two eminent scholars from Great Britain and America have visited China and have not supported Christianity-in fact one has by his life as well as lips advocated free-love and opposed the teachings of Christ. Into this atmosphere of doubt and opposition came 126 student Christian delegates from thirty-three different lands. Among them men like Prof. Karl Heim and ex-chancellor Dr. Georg Michaelis of Germany, Prof. Jean Monnier and 1[, Paul Monet of France. To the foreign delegations were added 648 from China. Whereas in the early years of the Federation's history movements in non-Christian lands were often represented by workers from Christian lanils who were laboring among the students of those countries, at this conference the various movements sent as delegates sons and daughters of the soil; e. g. of the twenty-four Japanese delegates only two were non-Japanese. Of the nine from India all but three were Indians, of the six representing Korea only one was a foreigner, of the nine from Russia and Siberia all but one were citizens of these lands and all of the twelve representing the Philippine Islands were Filipinos.

530 The theme of the conference was" Christ in World Reconstruction." The daily schedule was carefully planned, the first half hour being assigned to the observance of the Morning Watch. To make this time one of real profit the committee printed in French, English, German, Japanese and Chinese subjects for daily meditation with Scripture readings, topics for praise and confessi~n and themes for intercession.

After breakfast an hour and a quarter were devoted to addresses of a faith-confirming character on such subjects as the following: Christ and Philosophy, by Prof. Karl Heim, of Tiibingen, Germany; Christ and Science, by M. Paul Monet, of Paris, and Christ and Culture, by Professor Jean Monnier, of the University of Strasbourg.

TSING HUA COLLEGE AUDITORIUM. WI-TERJ1J THE CONFERENCE WAS HELD Then the conference divided into SLX sections to discmlS International ana Interracial Problems; Social and Industria: Reconstruction; How to Present the Christian Message to Students; Christianizing School Life; The Student and the Church, and The World's Student Christian Federation. About an hour and a quarter were" given to these open forums which we;re quite interesting and profitable.

These discussions were followed by a united meeting of the Conference to hear messages from the various national movements.

The afternoons were kept free for group meetings, receptions, excursions and recreation. Good r esults followed the meetings of the Japanese and Chinese delegates, when with utmost freedom and in the spirit of Christ they faced the political and industrial problems which are causing friction bfjtween their nations. Similar group meetbgs were held by the Japanerse and Koreans, the British and

Indians and the Americans and Filipinos-all being marked by frankness, patience and a desire to understand each other.

At the evening sessions were addresses of a vision-imparting character on Ohristianizing International Relations, Ohristianity and the Democratic Movement in the World, the Modern Industrial Oonflict and Ohrist's Solution, Christianizing Commercial Impacts, and the Ohristian Ohurch in World Reconstruction.

The day ended with delegation meetings where the impressions of the day were summed up and God's blessing was sought.

.Sunday, the last day of the Conference, gave what many missed up to that time. It was a day of soul kindling power. The address by Dr. Mott, the Conference Chairman, on ' ,Jesus Christ in the Experience of Men" struck the very note needed, and Mr. Brockman's address on the "Boundless Opportunities for Service before the Studep.ts of This Generation" helped delegates to face complete surrender to Christ.

The closing meeting Sunday evening consisted of short addresses by delegates from France, India and China on the "Price that must be paid in bringing about a truly Christian order." Mlle. Bidgrain said the price we must pay is to live only on the realities we possess. It means loneliness. Our Lord was lonely when enthusiastic crowds surrounded Him because they did not understand Him. In human terms the Oross spelled failure, but in divine terms nothiNg spells failure, if we are right with God. The price means willingness to suffer and above all it means love unquenchable. Our Lord did not die that we might have an easy life, but that we might live an heroic life.

Mr. C. T. Paul, an Indian representative, said: If we had found in this Conference a solution to all our problems, the Oonference would not have helped us because no solution is abiding. There is only One who is abiding and that one is Christ. In Him is the solution of all problems. We have here found Christ again. What the people in our several countries want is not only the Christ of the Sermon on the Mount, but the Christ who said "Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest."

He was followed by Dr. Arthur Woo who also directed the delegates to the Christ who gives .not only teaching~ and an example, but also power to live as He taught and to, follow His example.

The Geueral Committee of the Federation met during the five days preceding the Conference and for two days following the Conference. Among the- important decisions reached was the appointment of an Oriental Secretary, a Chinese, T. Z. Koo, to serve the Federation during the next two years, in .addition to the reelection of the present Secretarial Staff consisting of Miss Ruth Rouse of England, Miss Suzanne Bidgrain of France, M. H. L. Henriod of Switzerland, Miss M. Wrong of Canada and Mr. C. D. Hurrey.of

19221 THE WORLD '8 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AT PEKING

U. S.A. Dr. John R.Mott was again chosen chairman and Dr. H. C. Rutgers of Holland, Treasurer. The Vice-chairmeu are Miss Mohini Maya Das of India and Rev. T. Tatlow of Great Britain.

The Universal Day of Prayer for Students, which for several years has been held the last Sunday in February, is hereafter to be observed on the third Sunday in November.

In response to the need of students in Russia the Committee decided to undertake relief work there in the coming year, not forgetting the claims of student help organizations in Central Europe and Asia Minor, and also the need of Refugee Students.

The situation in the Near East was carefully considered and the Committee recommended that the following message be sent to the Movements represented and given the widest publicity possible.

"We the General Committee of the World 's Student Christian Federation, representatives of thirty-two nations, now assembled at Peking, while pro- testing against the exi~tence at this time of crying injustices in other countries, feel that the slaughter of helpless men, women and children now going on in Asia Minor is such an outstanding case of inhumanity that it calls for the use of all just means to ensure its imme- diate cessation.

"In full consciousness, therefore, of our own share of responsibility for the situation in the world to-day, we commit as a solemn charge to the whole membership of our Federation to take immediate steps to arouse the public WHERE RACES MINGLED conscience of their fellow countrymen Dr. K. Ibuka. President or Mejl Gnkuln, Japan, that effective national and international ~~~ :;r:~t{'J~:fJ' sr~~~~~ g~~f.~~!n Ic;~~!~~~::~ action will speedily result. "

The Committee on the Missionary Purpose of the Federation reported the following resolutions: A. Pronouncements of the International Missionary Council.

1. The General Committee of the World's Student Christian Federa- tion heartily welcomes and endorses the resolutions passed by the recent conference of the International Missionary Council at Lake Mohonk. Weare particularly glad to notice that nationals from Oriental lands have now official status on the Council. We look to see a much wider extension of this principle in the near future.

2. The following matters in connection with their proceedings have a bearing on our work: (a) The findings regarding the relations between Church and Mis- sions. Weare determined to put our whole. weight into getting . these principles extensively applied in practice with the least possible delay.

(b) The critical situation which now faces ChristIan education in mission lands in view of the rapid growth of first-rate govern- ment institutions. This situation challenges us to make special efforts to establish Christian groups in these colleges and also to present to our members the call to accept posts on the staffs of government institutions.

(c) The distinction now made between "Politics" and "Public Questions" and the new attitude of missionaries toward these subjects. Weare challenged as a Federation and as individuals to follow this lead of the missionary societies and to do our ut- most to make the principles o( Jesus Christ the only test of right and wrong in all public questions.

B. Mission Study.

We would urge upon all Christian students the importance of a thorough and sympathetic study of the leading non-Christian re- ligions and the clamant needs of non-Christian lands, in order that they may pray intelligently and labor effectively for the evangeliza- tion of these lands and for the upbuilding of indigenous and self- propagating churches.

C. Student Volunteer Policy.

1. It is our conviction that the present condition of the world con- stitutes a challenge as never before to the students of to-day, for complete self-dedication of life to win all classes and peoples to discipleship of .Jesus Christ and to the reconstruction of society on the basis of His principles.

2. Weare convinced that it is still the special responsibility of Student Movements to enlist their members for life service in specifically religious work. .Although experiences with regard to the Student Volunteer work vary in different lands, there are large circles within the Federation which are convinced that the Student Volunteer method is of very great value and who believe that they have learned in their work of recruiting that no other method has been so effective in, obtaining workers for life service in home and foreign mission fields. By the Student Volunteer method is meant the method of re- cruiting students for neglected forms or undermanned fields of Christian service, by means of the challenge of a specific declara- tion of purpose, and of uniting those thus recruited in groups for fellowship in prayer, fellowship in preparation and fellowship in service; also, to cooperate with the Church in bringing its leaders into touch with a larger number of adequately prepared workers.

3. Surveying the missionary needs of the present time, we would call the attention of Student Christian Movements to the special needs of the .African continent. Our attention has been called to the fact that it is at present very difficult for Negro Student Volunteers

THE WORLD'S OHRISTIAN STUDENTS AT PEKING

to enter many parts of Africa, their fatherland, to carryon mis- sionary work. This is obviously unfair, and more, contrary to the accepted conceptions of missionary policy, which long ago recognized that no group can be wholly won to Christianity by members of an ent.irelY different group. We therefore desire (a) That the attention of the International Missionary Council be called to this anomalous situation, and that it be urged to use its influence to have these, our fellow Student Volunteers, who qualify otherwise, accepted for service in every part of Africa.

(b) That National Movements. in those countries which control the greater part of Africa; be urged to use their influence to break down any barriers which may work to prevent the acceptance of Negro Student Volunteers in Africa.

4. We would further specially emphasize the following aspects of the present missionary situation as it affects candidates for missionary service: (a) The need of mission lands to-day is primarily for quality. Missionary appeals should be made so as to secure not the greatest number, but the right type of men and women. There· is no place to-day for the man or woman who has not a growing mind. Workers must go abroad not only to take what they know of Christ, but eager to learn still more of Him from the people they go to serve.

(b) On the other hand, the establishment and development of the younger churches of mission lands and the needs of fields as yet unentered, still call for an offering of their best by the older churches, numerically greater and not smaller than in the past.

ec) Missionary candidates to-day, while going forth under the auspices of their respective Christian communions or societies, should seek to make clear to the people among whom they labor that they come as servants of the Church Universal.

(d) They must go not as leaders of, but as fellow-workers with, the Christian community of thc country to which they go. Their standards of efficiency and method:;; of work must be from the beginning in accordance with the genius, of that country.

(e) The great need to-day is that the gospel of Jesus Christ should find expression in every department of life. Educationalists, social workers, civil servants, etc., can express through lives service devoted to their own calling, the message of the sacri- ficial love of God revealed in ,Jesus Christ. We would, however, emphasize that the primary need of all people throughout the world is, as it has always been, communion with God through Jesus Christ. Let us therefore see to it that the full expression of the Christian gospel in all departments of life does not obscure its main content.

D. The Situation of Christian Students in Mission Lands To-day. Resolved, That the following messages be sent to Christian stu- dents in mission lands and to the International Missionary Council: 1. To CHRISTIAN STUDENTS IN MISSION LANDS.

While appreciating the diffimilties of Christian students in mission lands in these transition days, we would say to them that

it is our firm conviction that their countries cannot be won for Christ unless they throw themselves heart and soul into the work of the Church, however impossible existing conditions of service may appear. to be.

We, for our part, pledge ourselves to stand, as a Federation, and as individuals, for the realization of the ideal of unconditional fellowship and cooperation in all Christian work.

2. To THE INTERNATroNAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL.

The General Committee of the World's Student Christian Fed- eration assembledat Peking feels constrained to bring to the notice of the International Missionary Council that from the intercourse we have had with the students themselves we find that the follow- ing are among the principal reasons why Christian students in mission lands are not offering in sufficient numbers for the work of the Church: (a) They feel that in many cases they are not admitted into com- plete fellowship and cooperation with, or taken into the con- fidence of, the foreign missionaries.

(b) The average missionary is too hesitant to make the necessary experiments in Church leadership which the present situation so imperatively demands.

We are convinced that the continuation of this tense situation is very gravely imperilling the future of the Christian Church in these lands.

Much time was devoted at the meeting of the General Committee and at the Conference of the Federation to the International Object of the Federation and the following findings were adopted: We, representing Christian students from all parts of the world, believe in the fundamental equality of all the races and nations of mankind and consider it as part of our Christian vocation to express this reality in all our relationships.

We consider it our absolute duty to do all in our power to fight the causes leading to war, and war itself as a means of settling international disputes.

As "a result of our discussion at the Peking Conference, we declare frankly that we have not succeeded in reaching an agreement as to what our individual attitude ought to be in the event of war. Some are convinced that under no circumstances can they as Christians engage in war; others, that under certain circumstances they ought to take their share in the struggle. We leave, however, with a deep sense of our common determination to follow Jesus C,hrist, and with fresh confidence in the unity of our purpose and in the power of Christ to show us the way, as we ean;testly and penitently seek it in the fellowship of our Federation.

We desire that the different National Movements of the Federation should face, fearlessly and frankly, in the light of Jesus' teachings, the whole question of war and of those social and economic forces which tend to issue in war.

The report of the Committee on Movements in the Federation and on Movements preparing to enter the Federation was too long to quote in full, but two items in it should be given as they are of very great interest:

THE WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AT PEKING

1. The admittance as corresponding Movements of the Student Renaissance Movement of Czecho-Slovakia, the Student Christian Movement of Hungary, the South American Federation of Y. M. C. A. 's and the Student Association Movement of the Philip. pines. It is hoped that before long they may qualify for full memo bership in the Federation.

2. After conference with Mr. Bull, the representatives from the Students' Christian Association of South Africa, the Committee recommended that the Federation as soon as possible make careful and comprehensive investigations and if possible first hand surveys of Africa and set its hand deliberately to the work of raising up and DELEGATES FROM RUSSIA AND SIBERIA AT THE WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE fastening indigenous African Student Christian Movements. This was done after it was stated by Mr. Bull that the South African Movement is· most eager for assistance in the work of raising up indigenous African Student Movements.

It was decided to hold the next meeting of the General Committee in Great Britain in 1924. After the adjournment of the General Committee seven deputations, consisting of leaders from various lands, went to educational centers in China to deliver addresses on Christianity and to bring to Chinese students the messages of the Peking Conference.

Will you pray earnestly for China and for the Federation, which has a membership of 250,000 students and professors in forty different lands, that it may become increasingly a great spiritual force under the leadership of Christ to hasten the coming of His Kingdom'

Poverty of Persia-Its Cause and

This Study of the need and destitution of Persia is the result of a recent three months' visit to that strick.en land BY ROBERT E. SPEER T HERE is nothing more interesting in Persia than the old Shah Abbas caravanserais scattered over the country from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea. Shah Abbas was a contemporary of Queen Elizabeth and lived from 1557 to 1627. He was a statesman and a builder, and founded Bunder Abbas, the port which bears his name, on the Strait of Ormuz as an outlet for the trade of his couutry with Arabia and India. He also developed the caravan routes across the deserts and the mountains of his far exten.ding kingdom and scattered along them for the comfort and safety of travelers the 999 caravanserais which, in spite of the negligence of his successors and the ravages of time, stand still as his noble memorial. One wonders how in the lonely and desert places where so many of them are found his workmen burned the brick and made the lime and got the labor with which to construct these massive and enduring buildings. His archHects were tied to no monotonous model. They built in squares and parallelograms and octagons or usually with great open courtyards, single with two or three ad- joining, wide enough to hold caravans of hundreds of camels. Sometimes they built with no open courts at all, but with spacious domed roofs/covering recess after recess in which hundreds of travelers with their animals and their goods might find shelter and security. Sometimes they laid their brick in plain courses, and again they laid them in a dozen rich designs in a single caravanserai. Vast domed stables ran around the courtyard, and arched recesses within and without with fireplaces set in the brick walls, furnished lodging places where men might sleep, with their caravans at rest beneath their eyes. The doors in the great gateways which constituted the only entrance were made of heavy planks covered with iron bosses and set in stone.

The national life which produced and sustained caravanserais such as these must have had a solidity and volume which are gone from the life of Persia today. All over the land the fine old caravanserais of Shah Abbas's time are in ruin and decay. Now and then a shambling stable, set up in a corner of the sturdy walls, houses the horses of the modern Persian Government Post, and only the picturesque ruins, a few local tradHions, and here and there a marble tablet still remaining over the gateway, preserve t.he story of the great past from which Persia has come down to the mean little mud caravanserais which are built today and abandoned tomorrow, to 538 Photograph by Russell Carter THE CARAVAN WITH WHICH DR. SPEER AND HIS PARTY TRAVELED THROUGH A PART OF PERSIA the helplessness and negligence of a government which despairs of doing a government's work, even of collecting its taxes, and to the pitiful but appealing destitution of today.

The deterioration of Persia has been a long process but not so long that one cannot see it going on under his eyes. Villages where we lodged twenty-five years ago have now completely disappeared. On everyone of the roads over which we passed were villages wholly or partly depopulated because of agricultural and economic misfortunes which energy and forethought might have forestalled but which no one had made the least attempt to prevent. We asked the governor of one of the largest provinces of Persia whether he thought Persia had advanced during the last twenty-five years, and he answered that he thought it had in the matter of political liberty, but commercially and economically it had gone steadily backward. One must allow of course for Persia's share in the trade depression which all over the world has followed the war. Indeed there are few parts of the world where one can see so clearly the merciless consequences of war upon the innocent. One feels this outrage to the very roots of his soul standing on the Parthenon and seeing the wreckage which ancient war made of all that glory. One ought to feel it equally as he looks at the ravages of recent war in Persia where it made a desolation of the fairest section of Azerbaijan and where it has cut almost every strand of Persia's commercial well-being. The destruction of Russia alone has cost Persia more than a half of all its trade prosperity. Its poverty which was deep enough before the war is still deeper now. The cities and villages are full of idle men and the roads of travelers who have left no work and are going to none. Beggars abound on every hand. Again and again on the highway,

toiling through the mud or sitting on the snowy wastes or out in the deserts we would come upon groups of wanderers, sometimes refu- gees from the disturbed area around Urumia but more often mere vagrants, clad in rags or barely clad at all, and living on nothing but the scraps of bread which they begged from place to place. The begging is worse in some of the cities, and of all the cities which we visited it was worst in Kasvin, worse there even than in Tabriz with its thousands of Assyrian, Armenian, and Mohammedan refugees. In Kasvin small children with bare legs and bare bodies lay by the roadside in the snow and mud and wailed all day long. Blind men and women were led up and down the street by ragged children. It.

was impossible to stand still anywhere because of the crowd of paupers which at once gathered round importuning and plucking at one's garments. We saw one old beggar lying dead on a snow heap in the principal street of the city. A great deal of this beggary is professional. For years in Hamadan an old, blind, red-headed man has begged all day by the wall near the Ottoman Bank. At home the old man is comfortably off and supports two wives. In Kasvin we heard an old woman beggar berating one of the begging children because she did her work so poorly.

"Do you want me to come over and twist your ear1" screamed the old woman from across the street. "Why don't you attend to your business better?"

Islam fosters this mendicancy by making indiscriminate and undirected almsgiving one of the five great religious duties. The poverty of Persia is encouraged by this giving of doles. It can never be eradicated in this way. What is needed is a deeper treatment that will cut at the roots of the very commonest ideas that control conduct in Persia under the sanctions of religion.

One is saddened but not surprised by the poverty of the country, but he is both saddened and surprised by the mass of illiteracy and ignorance. There is so much culture and intelligence and literary taste in Persia that one looks for a good local system of education and for a large percentage of literacy. There are no census returns, but the accepted estimate of illiteracy in the towns and cities is 95 per cent and in the villages 98 per cent. There is no public school system throughout the country. In many communities there are no schools of any kind. In others the mollahs conduct small schools for boys where the Koran is unintelligently memorized. Real progress nevertheless has been made in education during the last twenty years, and so far as the scanty revenues of the country permit, many communities are developing schools which aim at giving a modern education. Not one of all these schools, however, approximates a good American high school. The only schools of this quality are the mission schools in Teheran, Tabriz, Hamadan, and Isfahan.

THE POVERTY OF PERSIA- ITS CAUSE AND CURE

r Photograph by Russell· Carter A MODERN CARAVANSERAI IN PERSIA.

Dr. Speer and his fellow travelers slept in the "Upper Room"

The lack of schools is no evidence of a lack of desire for them. Hundreds of communities want them who have no way of providing them. There are no trained teachers, and there are no funds for their support. The internal poverty of the country and the lack of foreign trade are poor fields from which to reap a revenue. The Belgian head of the Persian customs in Kermanshah, through which the foreign trade by way of Baghdad enters Persia, told us that two-thirds of all Persia's import trade is now coming in by this route, but that it was only a fraction of what ought to enter in times of real prosperity. Persia does'not publish any statement of national and provincial receipts and expenditures, and probably no one knows what the revenues of the country are. Taxes that should be sent to Teheran are held for provincial uses, and in many cases the income of the central government from crown lands or foreign loans is expended through the provinces. The national budget submitted to the last Mejlis, or Parliament, contemplated an income of tomans 16,000,000 and an expenditure of tomans 19,000,000 with no provision for the deficit except the hope of a foreign loan. The income of the . government is derived from crown land, from import duties, from taxes on opium and liquor, and from taxes, direct and indirect, upon agriculture, and to a very limited degree on trade. City property in a city like Tabriz, for example, unless rented pays no tax. Leading revenue officials said quite plainly that the country was bankrupt,

that it was no longer possible to collect the taxes which were neces- sary for the maintenance of national and local government. In one of the largest provinces the revenue department was collecting now only two-fifths of the amount assessed, all of which had been collected before the war. What import trade was coming into the country: helped in the matter of revenue, but on the national balance sheef it was offset by no corresponding exports, and the inevitable result unless a foreign loan could be contracted, the revenue officials de- clared, was bankruptcy. "For that matter," they said, "the country is bankrupt now. All the government hospitals in Teheran are closed except 011'8 and that is barely maintained. The government SChOOlS are closed, and the teachers are unpaid. ·Without a foreign loan it will not be pos.sible to maintain the army which has been sent to suppress Simko and to restore order and government authority in Urumia. " "All this is true," one of the Swedish officers in the gendarmerie said to us. "I have been here ten years and conditions are worse than when I came. I have had no pay for three months. 'I.'he Swedish head of the gendarmes in Resht has had no pay for five months, and many of the civil officials in Teheran have been unpaid for six months."

In spite of these gloomy views the country is not bankrupt. The deficit of tomans 3,000,000, on a proposed expenditure of 19,000,000 and income of 16,000,000, gives a ratio of revenue to expenditure "of 81 per cent as compared with the corresponding ratio of 50 per cent in the French budget for 1920, 34 per cent in the Italian budget, 64 per cent in the budget of Switzerland, 85 per cent in the budget of Holland, 36 per cent in the budget of Germany, 34 per cent in the budget of Greece. Persia moreover has no such foreign debt as these other nations are attempting to bear. By her treaty with Soviet Russia her indebtedness to Russia was obliterated. All that remains is the debt of £2,710,482 and tomans 9,350,000 to Great Britain. Against this indebtedness and her adverse trade balances, Persia has her almost entirely undeveloped natu"ral resources. Of these she has alienated as yet by trade concessions only the rich oil rights in south- western Persia which have proved immensely lucrative to the Anglo- Persian Oil Company.

The Persian currency also has been saved from debasement. One shudders to think what would have happened to Persia if she had been cursed with a paper currency. All of Persia's money, however, is silver, and when we have been disposed to complain at the enor- . mous weight of two kran pieces (sixteen cents at present exchange) which we have had to carry, we have consoled ourselves with the thought of the suffering and ruin which Persia has been spared by the solidity of her national currency. The contrast with the currency conditions in the Caucasus is tragic. One hardly dare have gold or silver money in his possession in the Caucasus. The best paper

THE POVERTY OF PERSIA-ITS CAUSE AND CURE

money there is the rouble of the Georgian Republic which exchanged in April at the rate of one American dollar for roubles 250,000. We paid for our railroad tickets in a box freight car from the Persian border at Julfa to Erivan, the capital of the Armenian Republic, with the money of the Azerbaijan Republic whose capital is at Baku. It is a hundred and twenty miles from Julfa to Erivan, and we paid for each ticket 2,700,000 Azerbaijan roubles, worth fifty cents a million. We rented a samovar for breakfast tea for 500,000 roubles. Persia has been spared all this, and the government deserves credit for its refusal to take the paper money pathway to apparent prosperity and certain ruin.

Furthermore even though her foreign trade has suffered severe1y Persia has escaped the ruinous exchange depreciation of the continental countries. During the war the toman, which had in normal times been at par or a little under par with the dollar, rose to two dollars. Even as late as the summer of 1920 the toman was worth a dollar and sixty cents. In August, 1921, it fell as low as sixty-two cents, but had risen again during the first quarter of 1922 to eighty cents.

One evening when we stopped for the night in an unusually prosperous village on the road between Teheran and Tabriz, we were hardly settled in our menzil before the governor of the district called. He had had a son in one of the mission schools, and as emerged at the close of the call he was desirous of consulting Dr. Packard professionally. He began with pleasant and friendly words of appreciation and of understanding. He knew the ideas that were in our mind and the purposes which had brought us to Persia, and he approved of these. I asked if he felt hopeful about his country.

"I have no hope at all," said he, "unless some civilized nation will put Persia upon its feet."

"Which one of the nations might be expected to do this 1" we asked.

"There is only one," said he, "and that is America. It is the richest and the most civilized of the nations, and it has no axe to grind. Its purposes are unselfish. Our hope is in America."

I said that it was a doubtful hope, that politically our country would not intervene; that commercially if American trade came, it would come, to be sure, for the mutual profit of the two countries, and if the best American spirit controlled it, it would not seek to exploit Persia or to take advantage of her, but would develop an honorable interchange which would help both countries, and there was an ever increasing number of men in America who realized that trade did not mean defrauding one country for the benefit of another but mutual benefit to both.; nevertheless there were many who were still. ungoverned by this spirit, and it was not unlikely that some might come who would seek only to gain and not to give; there were

not many enterprises like the Mission enterprise whose only motive was to serve and which sought only to give and not to gain. He understood this, and said that he and the missionaries were of one mind. He believed that America was unselfish and he knew that it was wealthy, and it was best for a poor man and a rich man to walk together. America wanted no Persian territory, and Persia needed American help.

I asked if the country had gone backward or forward within his memory. In its military organization, the gendarmerie and the army, it had gone forward, but not in its revenue and its commerce. It was difficult to collect the old taxes of wheat and barley and money levied on each village. The new taxes on rented properties in cities, on opium and liquor, and on each load of merchandise or grain entering a city were more readily collectible but they were insufficient for the necessities of government.

We inquired if he did not think that perhaps some of the taxes restrained prosperity. In America cities sought to attract trade, and instead of raising barriers against it or imposing a fine upon its entrance, encouraged it in every way. Yes, he said, there were educated men in Persia who like himself understood enough of economics to realize that there were better ways, but they could not change things now.

I said that my impression was that in twenty-five years poverty and tolerance had both greatly increased in Persia. This was his judgment also. What then were the causes of this poverty and why had the caravanserais of Shah Abbas fallen into decayY What explained the difference between those noble old buildings and the cheap mud caravanserais of todayY "I think of three reasons," he replied. "In the first place the population has increased. Persia then had an even larger area than now with greater agricultural wealth and with a much smaller number of people so that there was more general prosperity. In the second place the cost of government is now much greater than it was then. There was more centralized authority and control and the Shah had money for the building and the upkeep of the caravanserais which he scattered all over the land. In the third place there was less rebellion and political unsettlement and provincial independence then than now. There were poorer firearms, and people like the Shahsavans and Shekoik Kurds could not harass trade and keep the country in turmoil as they do today. But we are hoping for better days now with our new army."

We asked about this new army, knowing that a good part of it had passed through his village on its way westward. We had seen the closed tea houses and the abandoned villages through which it had passed. He admitted that there was still a great deal to be done. The army had no adequate commissary. Some office'r came on one

THE POVERTY OF PERSIA-IrS CAUSE AND

day ahead of his regiment and had to gather food for it. In the case of one regiment there had been payment. Another had come from Resht and had brought its own rice. A -third had come with no advance commissary preparations at ali, a,nd living off the country it came through. What else indeed could the soldiers do 1 Government in Persia has been both arbitrary and liberal. In the old days the Shah had absolute power, and the political system consisted in the sale of this power from the top all the way down to the village khoda. Each purchaser recouped himself for his expenditure as quickly as possible by the exercise of his authority, not knowing when he might be bought out of his place by his successor. The system made no provision for schools, communications, public improvements, or any of the functions of a progressive modern government. Apart from its financial exactions, however, it did allow a great measure of freedom, and both from Turkey and from Afghanistan those who desired some measure of liberty were sure to find it by crossing the border.

The old absolutism of the Shah is gone and with it the diffusion of his autocracy among lower officials is going. There seems to be less of the old system of bribery and recovery of the bribe by financial extortion. The establishment of the constitution in 1906 and the meetings of the Mejlis, or parliament, even though there have been but four of these in sixteen years, have in part expressed and in part engendered a new spirit of popular freedom -and political responsibility. The whole system of government is still very loose-jointed and irregular in comparison with the old system of regularized corruption, but great progress has been made, and there is intelligence enough, if character also can be found, to assure the future progress of the country in orderly and- constitutional self-government. It has before it the problem of every weak government dealing with large territories with inadequate means of communication. A man like Mohammed Taghi in Meshed, or Ismael Agha in Urumia-very different men at the two extremes of the country-defends his revolt against the central government in Teheran with obvious arguments. The first answer to these arguments must be an honest and capable central government. The second answer is the assertion of the central authority in the effective military control of disorder. The third is the improvement of communications. A fourth, which ought not to be last in time, is the adequate support of education.

Almost every Persian official with whom we spoke cited the development of the Persian army. This has been something that the Persians could see. It has been associated with the rise of Reza Khan, the present Minister of War, who is said to be unable to read and write but who is a man of great force and power. He has risen from the common ranks to be the outstanding personality in Persia at the present time. It is to be hoped that he will not use his power 3

in any foolish or harmful way. Ris one purpose thus far appears to be to repress disorder and maintain the proper authority of the government. I saw the Persian army in the old unkempt drill square in Teheran twenty-five years ago and I saw it again on this visit, a new army very creditable to those who have developed it and quite adequate now, one would hope, after order is established in Urumia, and without further expansion, to furnish the police force–needed to repress brigandage and to maintain peace throughout the country. The gendarmerie is a police force begun by Mr. Shuster to aid in the revenue department. It has been officered and taught by a Swedish personnel who are now being released, and the body which they built up has been incorporated with the army. Just prior to the incorporation and a few weeks before we reached Tabriz local anti-government leaders made use of the gendarmes in a political coup which was only frustrated by the recall of troops which were in the field against Ismael Agha.

If the Persian army is not needed to repress disorder there is certainly no better use to which it could be put than building roads. Persia has no roads except those which Russia and Great Britain built for her before and during the war from Enzeli to Kasvin, from Teheran to Ramadan and Tairuq, from Julfa to Tabriz and from Seistan to Meshed. Three exceptions should be made to this statement, namely, the wide straight road from Teheran to Kasvin, the road 'which the strong old governor of Meshed, Neir-i-Dowleh, built from Meshed to Sharifabad and the stone road over the Kaftan Kuh Pass. With these exceptions there are no made roads in northern Persia at least. The want of good roads makes both travel and the transport of goods difficult and expensive. It took us a fortnight in the month of March, traveling steadily in all kinds of weather to cover the three hundred miles between Kasvin and Tabriz. This was as fast as ordinary caravans would have traveled in the best weather. It was over the only road between the two chief cities of Persia. Even when roads and bridges have been once built, they have not been kept in order. There is a magnificent old arched brick bridge over the Karangu river just east of Mianeh. The approarhes are fast falling into ruin, and not a hand is lifted to maint~in ~!:te beautiful old structure which is necessary to travel and commerce. Many streams are wholly unbridged. Gullies are allowed to deepen until the road is entirely destroyed and a circuitous route has to be found. Bogs that could easily have been crossed .by causeways ::.tre allowed to grow into hopeless morasses. Nothing but the patient:~c and sense of helplessness bred into camels and donkeys and hon~e<:l and men by centuries of suffering and endurance could keep Persia '8 trade moving at all over its execrable highways.

"I know that our country is backward," said one Paris educated governor, "and it is chiefly because of our roads." A thoughtful

~'HE POVJ~RTY OF PERSIA-ITS CAUSE AND CURE

Persian will defend his country from the disgrace of its roads by pointing out that the people have never used wheeled vehicles, that all travel and traffic has been by caravan, that the feet of the animal~ preferred soft desert trails to metaled roads, and that the popula- tion is sparse and unable to build or maintain the necessary highway". On the other hand the climate is not unfavorable to the preservation of good roads; road material is always near at hand for building and repairs; the Mohammedan religion requires pilgrimages and ought to have been the great road building faith; and the terrible roads which the country has endured for unnumbered centuries have cost far more in the lives of animals and of men and in the price of merchandise than it would have cost to build and maintain the few' good highways which the country needs.

But the lack of roads in its relation to national prosperity and character is not so much a cause as an effect. One must look deepe.r than this for the reasons for Persia's decline, for her loss like Spain's and Portugal's of the great place which she once filled. Some attribute it to the breaking down of the nation's physical health. What forces could have done this ~ W'e asked the doctors whether the indolence and anemia of so much of the population could be due to hook worm to which similar conditions are traced in many other lands. No, the doctors said, hook worm was practically unknown. For some years the doctors, both Persian and foreign, had been seeking for the germ and only one had encountered it. Malaria, they said, has been the great curse of Persia, malaria and unnamable diseases, which have always flourished in Mohammedan lands. The pilgrimages also- as in Arabia had been a great source of moral and physical contagion. Mesh~d as the greatest, has been the worst of the shrine cities in Persia in this regard, maintaining a host of mosque women for temporary marriage to pilgrims.

As much guilt probably must be laid to opium as to malaria. The doctors differ as to the extent of its use, which no doubt varies greatly in different sections of the country. In some sections it is almost universal but it is used much less in western Persia. In one hospital 95 per cent of the children who were brought in had been given opium at home. Oftentimes a traveler discovers that what he took for incompetence or stupidity was nothing but the torpor of opium. But opium also is a symptom rather than a cause of national degeneracy. There are moral reasons, found in the ignorance of the people, especially of the women, in bad government, in falsehood and dishonesty, in religious tyranny and corruption.

The want of activity and of enterprise is due in part to the want of probity and confidence. Of course Persian society could not hold together at all without certain forms of trust, but it cannot progress without far more trust and trustworthiness than are found in Persia today. We were welcomed when we entered Tabriz by the head of

the municipality, surrounded by the leading merchants and baukers of the city in a beautiful garden. As we left Tabriz a fortnight later our host was in prison under accusation of having" eaten" some sixty thousand dollars of wheat revenue. This sort of thing in Persia is not exceptional but is representative.

Islam also has unquestionably worked as an influence of disin- tegration and corruption in Persian character. There is a great deai that is noble in Mohammedanism and in the Koran, and one is glad to recognize all the elements of nobility and power; but on the other hand both the teachings and the teachers of Islam have wrought evil in Persian life. Emerson could never have likened the Days that -looked scornfully on the loss of opportunity to Dervishes if he had T=" ' – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ' , known Persia. "It is the mollahs and the mujtahids who have been the great enemies of education, at least of modern education and the education of women," one of the most intelligent of the men we met declared. For a generation now, however, the Mohammedan eccle- siastical power has been breaking down. For a _long time the rift has been opening between the uri or civil law and the shar or eccle, siastical law. There was a brief revival of ecclesiastical prestige Photograph by Russell Carter when the mollahs ·led the popular A SUFFERER IN PERSIA opposition to the proposed Tobacco Regie monopoly supported by t~e government a generation ago, but this prestige soon waned, and although mollahs and mujtahids exer- cise a large public influence and fill a disproportionate place in the Mejlis, nevertheless it is upon a democratic basis that they now have to maintain their inflnence, and what they will have to reckon upon increasingly will be popular prejudice and not privilege or prestige.

We could not but feel sorry as we traveled over the country to see the disrespect in which the Shah is held. Poor and weak as his government has been, one would still like to find that he had held in some way the good will of his people. We met one old farmer who spoke of him with real regard and who pointed out the energy with which he had developed an army and was trying to put down disorder. He did not know that the Shah was far away from his country and bearing no share in meeting its great difficulties. Several times I spoke to groups of young men with regard to Persia and always referred to the Shah in a respectful way but in each case the young men listened without response and afterwards expressed amazement that anyone should speak in such a tone with regard to

THE POVERTY OF PERSIA-ITS CAUSE AND CURE

Photograph by Russell Carter PERSIANS RESCUED BY NEAR EAST RELIEF IN TA BRIZ the Shah. In this and in a score of other ways Persia is very different from Siam. The two countries are very much alike in area and population; they have had similar external political problems to face; each bears the burden of an anesthetizing and sterilizing religion; each copes with the problem of national illiteracy and ignorance, of lack of communications, and of the consequences of generations of autocracy. In meeting all these problems Persia has distinct advantages over Siam in climate, in proximity to markets, in the character of the national stock, in energy and industry, in a larger class of alert and intelligent men of modern outlook and experience, and in the stimulus of constitutional government and parliamentary institutions. And yet in efficiency and achievement the Siamese government has completely outdistanced the Persian; it has developed efficient and honest administration; it has solved its external political problems; it is seeking to abolish the opium traffic and to cancel the opium excise in the government revenues; it has begun the establishment of a real school system; it has a small army not less efficiently equipped and organized than Persia's and with a flying corps which Persia lacks. Persia has no railroads except the line between Julfa and Tabriz which Russia built and operates, while Siam now has an excellent and well maintained railway system from its southern boundary. in the Malay Peninsula to Bangkok and

from Bangkok north through the heart of the country to Chieng Mai. The contrast is vivid between the rulers of the two lands-the uneducated Shah, and the king who was trained at Oxford; the Shah with his harem, and the bachelor King who has said that he did not intend to be married until he could abjure the polygamous precedents of his fathers, and whose good name in Siam is free from scandal; the Shah who has but little to do with his own government and wh~ is now far away from its problems in Paris, and the King who is the actual administrative force in Siam devoting himself unremittingly to the interests of his country.

But the great weight which holds all Moslem peoples down beyond all hope and from which they must free themselves if they are to rise and go forward is the subordination of woman. "The great intolerance of Mohammedanism," says Professor Flinders Petri;>, "and the lower position accorded in law and practice to women will always prevent its surpassing in civilization the races of other creeds."

Both in Persia and in Turkey the women are beginning to cast off the old shackles. As we came out of the mosque of St. Sophia in Constantinople, we met a company of seventy or eighty Moslem school girls coming in. They wore their black tcharscheffs but not over their faces. As they went by with their laughing eyes and ruddy cheeks unconcealed, they vividly illustrated the change that is taking place. The old ideas still hold with such a tenacious grip, however, that many Moslem women have no hope. One of the ablest apologists for the old order in Tabriz is a Mohammedan woman who was educated in Europe and who returned with bold ideas which she has come to despair of realizing, and who is now preaching the doctrine of resignation to the inevitable. The subjugation of women to the ownership of man is not inevitable, however. It is ll).evitable . that human society will ultimately rebel against any estimate of woman which prevents her rendering her full service towards social progress. It is a tribute to the durability of the fine elements in womanhood that they have not been crushed out under the influences of Islam, and no small part of Persia '8 hope is to be found in the undestroyed capacities of Persian women.

It is a grave mistake to take a discouraged view of Persia or of the Persian people. One of the ablest and most detached students of Persia told me that he attributed the long decline of Persian civilization to desiccation. The country and the race has dried out. It was clear, he said, that in old days Persia had been a much better forested land, that the disappearance of the forests had robbed the soil of necessary nourishment and had been accompanied by a change of climate which had diminished the rainfall and dried up the water fountains and desiccated the character of the people. There were many title deeds, he said, which forbade the planting of forests because of the shelter which they gave to outlaws.. Perhaps his jridg-

1922J THE POVERTY OF PERSIA-ITS CAUSE AND CURE

ment is sound, but one would like to see the test made as to whether the moral and physical and economic forces which are within man's control could not be used in Persia to restore the prosperity of the nation and to recover its character.

If it is true that the country has lost ground in the last quarter of a century, it is equally true that it has gained ground. It is more intelligent and free spirited. It has entered into the inspiration of a new sense of political rights and duties. It knows what modern education is and it wants it both for intelligence and for character. It has grown in tolerance and freedom. Oompared with its neighbors it has held its own in troublous times not without skill and success, and it is looking onward and not backward. It is true that Shah Abbas's caravanserais are in ruins, but so also are the abbeys of England and Scotland and the works of Queen Elizabeth's time, who built when Abbas built. If old castles and villages are gone in Persia, what has become of the manor houses and the villages and the people who once filled the par.ish churches and whose children cannot fill their porches in England ~ No doubt a great deal of Persian stock both in city and village is debilitated beyond recovery, but a great deal of it is as sturdy and vital as any stock to be found anywhere, full of cheerfulness, long suffering, patience and good will.

Persia needs a friend, and no country is asking more earnestly than Persia is asking for the friendship of America. One old farmer whom we met had gained the idea that America had fully resolved to do for Persia whatever was necessary and that as soon as Ismael Agha was disposed of, then America was coming to build roads and to bring prosperity. The practical hope of intelligent persons was that the Standard Oil Oompany would accept the concession which the Mejlis had voted to give it for the development of the oil resources of the five provinces of Azerbaijan, Ghilan, Mazandaran, Astrabad, and Khorasan. There was not one dissenting voice among all those with whom we talked from Meshed to Tabriz. All wanted America's help. If America would not help them then they had no hope for the future of their country. America ought to help them and can very well do so in ways which will be to Persia's advantage and to her own.

But Persia needs a greater friend than the Standard Oil Oompany or the United States of America and One who can do more for her than build roads or develop oil or promote trade. She does need prosperity instead of poverty, but that will not be a mere economic change. She needs the enlightenment, the freedom, the purity, the righteousness, the Truth, and the Life which are also the Way. She has had enough of Mohammed. She needs Christ whom Mohammedanism has praised, it is true, but Whom Mohammed has also effaced-long enough.

A Mission in the Arctic

The Story of Work in the Frozen North, at Barrow, Alaska BY F. H. SPENCE, M.D. Missionary of the Presbyterian Board, U. S. A.

PERHAPS there is no country as little understood as Alaska. The original meaning of the word is "Great Country," and this very greatness of extent of territory, as well as the great abundance of its resources, causes it to be misunderstood. Many people think of it as a land of snow and ice and a good place to avoid. The large number of explorers and ships lost along its northern coast and the regions beyond and north of Canada, have contributed not a little to the thought of an inhospitable country under the rule of a Frost King terrible and unrelenting, and of a rigor that makes one tremble and shiver at its very mention. We are inclined to be skeptical when we read of "The Friendly Arctic," even by as renowned an explorer as Mr. Stefansson. Of a land of flowers and ferns, of a land of beauty and grandeur, of a land where fruits and vegetables and grains grow, and in parts of which the temperature reaches one hundred degrees above zero, most people know little.

The native people are very different in the southern part from those in the north. All of southeastern Alaska is inhabited by Indians very much like the Indians of the States. They live as far north as the Yukon, the great river, but north of that are the Eskimo, an entirely. different people, Asiatic in appearance, in manners and customs. The old school books frequently speak of them as "Little Brown People." They are neither little nor brown, at least in that part of Alaska to the south and east of Barrow. They are about the average size of white people. All the members of the session of the Presbyterian Church at Barrow were larger than the average man of the States, and were not of exceptional size as compared to the rest of their people. They are brunettes in complexion, having black hair and eyes and tanning by the wind and sun. Neither do they "live in ice houses or eat blubber." They live in frame houses of three thicknesses of lumber and two thicknesses of building paper and they burn the blubber for fuel. The fuel problem is acute, causing overcrowding and making a hotbed for tuberculosis, almost our only disease. They would have perished long ago but for the fact that they are hunters and trappers and do not live in their houses long at a time as all the family go on the trail.

Every family has a dog team and a sled. There are from five to nine dogs in a team usually, according to how wealthy the family is.

552 One dog is trained as a leader to go by "gee" and" haw. " Usually the man who owns the sled has made it and it is a work of art as well as a very necessary part of every Eskimo's family equipment. The man goes to the trader and buys an oak plank about two inches thick and ten inches wide and fourteen feet long. From this plank he makes his sled by hand with a cross cut and rip saw, a plane and a chisel. The largest piece is the runner, about an inch and a half wide and about a half inch thick. He makes a steam chest by solder- ing together two five gallon oil or gasoline cans. He steams his runner in this and bends it around a form he has previously made or borrowed. The sled is about eighteen inches wide and from ten to thirteen feet long. Such a sled will last for years and do the work to help support a family. I doubt very much whether the same proportion of white people could make that sled. This is simply one illustratibn to show you these people have brains.

The first missionary went to Barrow in 1890. The Eskimo say "It is only thirty years since we knew Jesus." Some of our old men still wear the "labrette" made of hard stone like flint or jade, in the shape of a small cuff button and worn in the corners of the mouth. I have seen "Iabrettes" about two inches long and narrow made to be inserted in the under lip clear across the chin. None of the younger or middle aged men wear these now. Many of the old women used to tattoo lines down their chin. When we asked what they were for the reply was "When you see that, she is a womau."

These people used to be under the power of the" Devil Doctor. " If any misfortune came to them or they were sick, it was because they had offended the devil and they had to employ the "Devil Doctor" to help them. Now the "Devil Doctor" has lost his sway under the light of the Gospel. When Mrs. Spence and I first went . to Barrow we noticed the children were seldom or never punished. In olden time when anyone died, it was thought that their spirit went into the body of the next child that was born, so they were afraid to punish the child. There were some strange medical customs in existence still when we went to Barrow. One of them was cutting for pain if it was not otherwise relieved in a short time. We had a stereopticon and slides on tuberculosis and gave talks on hygiene and sanitation. One time a young lady had a gathering on her face and before we knew it they cut her. Then to appease me they threw the knife in the fire supposing that would dispose of the germs.

The first year we were there an old lady was taken with severe pain over her eye and she sent for one of the knife doctors. He made a deep vertical cut over the eye clear down to the bone and when she began to lose her sight they were frightened and brought her to me. Too much valuable time had been lost and she lost the sight of both eyes. Another medical method we found, was deep massage, especially for pain that persisted in the abdomen. One

of our mail carriers that went three times every winter six hundred miles down the coast to bring us our winter mails, returned with acute miliary tuberculosis and had a very irritable stomach. Noth- ing I could do would quiet it. One day .Mrs. Spence found some one using deep massage and the man died soon after. 'l'hese things were given up long before we came away. 'When we went to Barrow, the first year we had many cases of continued fever, but when we told them to call us as soon as 'they were taken sick, they did so and we had no more cases of that kind.

Eskimo people are a very happy hearted people. One of the explorers who has lived among them for years says, "They laugh more in a month than a white man does in a year." They taught Ui" many lessons in patience and courtesy. They have remarkable powers of concentration and whatever they have to do they exercise this principle, "This one thing I do." It is wonderful to see them stUdy- ing a page of the Bible. You can not divert their attention to any thing else until that is understood. The new nurse who went up last summer wrote, "They are the most honest people I ever knew." While there were large amounts of coal on the beach and the people were suffering for fuel, not a sack was taken.

Mrs. Spence and I worked for over five years to get a hospital for these people afflicted with tuberculosis and a disease brought to them by the white man many years ago. ,Ve had to come out because of a physical breakdown just as our hopes were about to be realized. There is at Barrow now a fully equipped modern hospital, the only hospital and doctor within a radius of six hundred miles. Dr. Henry W. Greist and wife, of Monticello, Ind., and Miss Florence Dakin of the Harlem, New York, Presbyterian Church, a trained nurse are now there. The last letters were written after they had been there a little over two months. Already between three and four hundred' cases had passed through the hospital and there had been a number of operations performed. One operation was on the wife of the doctor for the Mounted Police of Canada, who was living at Herschel Island. His wife was confined last May and had been bed-ridden ever since. When the doctor heard there was a hospital and doctor at Barrow, he put his wife on a stretcher and carried her aboard a ship and brought her to Barrow. Dr. Greist performed three surgical operations in October and for the first time since last May the doctor's wife was sitting up and beginning to walk around and rapidly recovering. Miss Dakin is the only nurse and the hospital is full. There is a great need of a second nurse and a housekeeper. If these are not sent this summer :Miss Dakin will break down aR Mrs. Spence and I broke down and she will have to come out as did we. In one of the letters received in February from a young Eskimo mother are these words, "I love my Saviour and I really know He loves me." Can you think of anything more worth while than that? Life of a Lady Doctor in India-II Bright Bits from the Letters of Dr. Elizabeth G. Lewis SELECTED BY MRS. GEORGE A. PAULL, BLOOMFIELD, N. :T.

W AR! It affected even mission stations in India. Indian women were busy raising money and working for the Red Cross. An urgent appeal for missionary physicians was sent to the Punjab Mission by the Inspector-General of Hospitals in the Punjab. The mission released Dr. Lewis for six months and she had an unusual experience of six months in Bombay in a large military hospital with the finest and most up-to-date equipment. Her grate- ful patients at Ferozepur gave her in farewell a "purdah party," the first of its kind in the city and presented her with a grateful and touching expression of appreciation-painted in letters of gold on a pink sheet and signed" The women of all castes, colours and creeds of Ferozepur."

While in Bombay Dr. Lewis' thoughts often turned to the little mission hospital and she planned for more efficient work there with a motor-cycle and side car to go to distant villages. She began strenuously to save despite high prices and unanticipated expenses. But she wrote:' "I am not going to worry about money but will save all I can-and if God wants me to have the cycle, a cheap one will turn up at the right time." The need of a motor-cycle had been felt often before. When she would "bump and bang and dawdle and balk" along the road in the heavy tongas drawn by slow, bony, tired old horses she had plenty of time to dream of Fords and motor-cycles. A letter written from a railroad station, twenty miles from home one evening shows how much time is wasted when a physician is dependent upon native means of locomotion. She wrote: "My nurse is asleep on the couch, curled up in her rug and I am trying to keep my feet warm by sitting on them. Weare out on a case and no train until ten p. m. It is now seven p. m. We have driven in from a village five miles away, bump, bump, bump, over a bad road in a tumtum, hoping to catch the 4: 15 train. But alas, the train beat us by five minutes. Fortunately the place is large enough for a waiting room, so we are not very uncomfortable. A baby's life has been saved, the hospital is twenty-five rupees richer and I have time now to write my friends, so I consider this a good day, even if we are spending from twelve p. m. to twelve a. m. at it."

The home church, learning that Dr. Lewis had school inspection work which necessitated, going from station to station in addition to outside medical calls, sent money for the motor-cycle, and after many monthe' delay it arrived from England.

555 The missionary's ambitious plans on coming to India had in- cluded the study of Urdu, Hindi, Persian and Arabic, but the medi- cal work was too pressing. She was transferred from Ferozepore to Ambala City where the '-'Philadelphia Hospital" for women greatly benefited by her clever surgery. The previous year 405 in-patients and 34,497 out-patients had been treated there, Dr. Lewis writes. "Such a mess as the hospital was in," she writes. "Fancy a patient in bed, with several relatives sleeping, cooking and eating on the floor .beside her. One hundred women, a morning's dispensary crowd of inpatients. What do they mean 1 Really nothing, except as you know the individual, and then they become part of your soul for awhile, and you carry them with you all the time and think of them as you pray and as you play, as well as when you work. How I wish I could turn youloose in the hospital compound here, for two weeks, with The Gift of ~ongues, surely something would happen. We have an old woman with an incurable cancer. One Sunday afternoon, I taught the women to sing' Count your many blessings.' The next morning while I was doing the old lady's dressing, she said, 'Doctor Miss Sahib, from your song yesterday, great love came into my heart.'

" Another funny old creature, with a broken wrist, was so pleased with the song that she stood up in the midst of the women, waved her bandaged and splintered arm in the air and sang the song along with me. Whenever I come she gets down and touches my feet and calls me her father, and mother, the nourisher of the poor, etc., etc. For years no operative work has been done in this hospital. I have been so eager that the first abdominal case should be successful. We had only one trained nurse, but we managed to do everything in the latest approved fashion. It was a severe operation, and the recovery was complete. You can believe that my heart rejoiced on the day when my patient walked, with a large group of relatives, from the hospital to our bungalow, carrying fruit, sweets, raisins, etc., on trays to give us a thankoffering, and to tell me that I saved her life and that she was going into the city to tell everyone about the hospital. If young women in America ever once realized how splendid the work is, they would stampede the Mission Board rooms for appointment.

"I came out to India with a hazy idea that everybody was bad, except those who were Christians and that they were very, very good, and lived on Bible stories and hymns; I was greatly mistaken. Some of these Mohammedans and Hindus command my admiration and some who claim to be Christians command my condemnation. My hospital girls are as shy and afraid of religion as a bunch of high school girls at home; and I find the same sort of person who holds down the prayer-meeting. I do crave for my girls the joyous freedom of the sure knowledge of Christ-to want to tell the story of Christ to every hospital patient. If the girls at home could watch these nurses through a week's work they would wonder how they ever

LIFE OF A LADY DOOTOR IN INDIA

endure-so much routine, so much unending, hard work, a neverending contact with non-Christian sick women. Three are really Christians and they are very happy.'

The natives of India do not know what a really good time is, so that the missionaries have to show them how to play.

"You may as weI1 know, " confesses this young doctor, "exactly what kind of a missionary you are backing. I might say that I'm the kind that goes to conventions and arranges moonlight picnics on the ~Eiijjiiiim~::—-1 river for the Indian nurses. Just now there are three dozen eggs waiting to be colored for the egg hunt we are going to have in the hospital compound at Easter. It is so essential to have wholesome amusements. "We have four orphan babies in the hospital. Our rickety baby is growing a tooth. Our skinny baby has become so fat that his mother, if she were alive, would not recognize him. Next week I am starting one of our hospital kiddies to school-Jathol', a Sikh child, given to the doctor about five years ago on account of club feet. I operated and she is much improved. I expect by the time she is grown, she will be quite normal. The ten dollars from one of you dear ladies, came in the nick of THE H~~~-:~~M~i.~o~I;.;m HER time to more than pay for Jathor's outfit. I have to buy bedding, plate and cup and clothes. She will go into the Girl's Boarding-school, which is in the same compound as our bungalow. In a year or so, our little Sikh girl will surely be a little Christian."

Some months later, she adds, "Jathol' is doing beautifully in school. The teacher says she is very bright. She is an odd child, very undemonstrative and unloving; b1lt who has ever taught her to love? I want her to come and live with me during her vacation when I will be alone in a big house. It will do us both good. J athol' needs special shoes for her poor club feet, just reminders, to hold them straight. They will cost about seventy-five rupees."

To be wide-awake, up-to-date, and ambitious for one's mission hospital-and then to be confronted with the cold, bare facts of shortage, is depressing to even the most enthusiastic recruit. " Annual

Meeting" brings representatives from each station in the district, together,jor a conference. "This has been the hardest Annual Meet- ing I have ever ,passed through and if I told you everything on my heart I'm afraid I'd lose my reputation for being jolly. I'm nothing but a 'plucked chicken' now. When I arrived, I was simply feathered out with plans-plans for a hospital superintendent, plans for a nurse, plans for a new nurses' hostel. The girls are now living in the Maharajah's bungalow, because we haven't any place for them. But it is the old story-not enough missionaries to go round and not enough money. The worst blow is that the Medical Committee sat on me hard, for paying too high salaries to my nurses, and I couldn't even squeal, for I know too well we can't afford to pay it. Now I'm facingthe problem of losing my two best girls; they can get twice their salary in government service. Should we expect our Christians to sacrifice money for the sake of Christian service ~" Later, word came that one girl had given proof of deep religious devotion and willingness to make the sacrifice.

Another problem put to the home church, is the following: "I have been feeling for some time that more and better medical work should be done, and have been facing the problems, whether it should be 'more operations' or 'more converts.' I wonder if people at home realize how we are situated. We are medically ambitious for the very best in treatment and nursing. This takes time, and while we operate we forget that no new converts are being made. Do you want your missionary physician to show big medical reports, professionally, or big evangelistic results~ We are going in for both. Do ask the church to pray for results. I love Ambala. The hospital is splen- did. We have plenty of patients, but it is very, very hard to find Indian nurses. If we only had a home nurse we could begin at once and train a few girls. Surely, out of all the nurses who have been willing to give their lives for the U. S. A. one or two would be willing to come here in Christ's service."

"My motor-cycle combination is a beauty, silver grey body on side car, with dark green trimmings, a good place for luggage and will carry as many passengers as can hang on, and climb any hill between here and Kashmir-warranted even to climb trees when sufficiently urged! My first ride, I carried four men and went one block. The next night, I tried to start out with my sais but we had to call for help.

It took three men and a boy and an hour's time to start us, but once started, We went five miles without a stop, and came back in a motor- ambulance. Not on a stretcher, however, for I sat with the driver.

We left the machine with a cycle shark at the war hospital for taming and training. To put it politely, my Rudge-Multi is a little stiff and my efforts at the kick start is like a child kicking at a brick wall, noth- ing moves!" .

LIFE OF A LADY DOCTOR IN INDIA

As an up-to-date physician and surgeon, Dr. Lewis finds attendance on conferences, etc., necessary and invitations to serve such gatherings are the occasions of serious questionings: '~I simply must go to Calcutta for three or four days to the Leper Conference and to Delhi for two or three days to the Child Welfare Conference. Have been asked to act as a judge at the Baby Contest. It wrings my heart to leave these poor, sick women; they are so upset when I say I am going away and beg me to come back quickly. It isn't right to run a hospital with only one doctor. Dr. Carleton has tried to do it for thirty years, has kept up a huge dispensary, few in-patients and no operative work. For one whole year, she never missed a day in the dispensary. "

Follow Dr. Lewis through one day and see if we can detect any reason for tired nerves and the need of a vacation. "Sometimes as the days fly by here I suddenly realize how awfully buried I am. Six o'clock in the morning sees me out of bed-shivering these days (November). Seven 0 'clock Miss Pratt and I are eating tea and toast on the front veranda. It's a speedy affair and I have the wretched habit of saying, just about the time Miss Pratt bites into her second piece of toast, 'If you will excuse me, I'll slip off to the hospital.' And I 'slip off' before the words are half said.

"At 7: 45 in hospital we meet for bandagi and then the work begins in earnest. The out-patients are gathering at the dispensary, and the compounders are taking their names, while I make hospital rounds, and if there is an operation, as there often is, the patient is put on the table and as soon as I have seen all the in-patients, the operation is begun. Meanwhile the roar and hum of the out-patients increases, and when I emerge from the operating-room and come into the dispensary, the dhai has to step lively, shout and coax and scold the women to keep them from stampeding. It's really awful when they break loose and crowd. I defy any doctor to treat more than a dozen patients at once.

"By tiffin time, I'm ready for a musical comedy or a dime novel, but I don't get them; I get tiffin instead-a sort of hybrid tiffin that begins with porridge and cream.

"At two 0 'clock, I usually get mail which keeps me busy until I have to dash off to teach 'First Aid or Midwifery'; and then see the patients again, and then-if not too used up, have a 'sing' with them.

"The day is gone with dinner at seven or eight, according to season; about half an hour for reading and then the one desirable thing in the world is BED, spelled with capitals.

"I've given you the husk of a missionary's existence, and you'll have to come on over for the kernel yourself. The kernel is here all right, and I take good nibbles every little while."

After such strenuous days, imagine the delight of a few weeks of absolute change of scene and life, on a 'house-boat at Srinagar,

Kashmir. This beautiful spot might have been unavailable because of railroad strikes, but the motor-cycle saved the day. With snowcapped peaks in the background, they lived in a roomy house-boat, reading and writing and resting-enjoying the fields of flowers and the fresh strawberries which they were privileged to pick from a near-by garden. She writes, "These few weeks here I am trying to let the wonderful things of God, hills and rivers, enlarge my eye and my soul. I must go back to Ambala with a new, a deeper enthusiasm for the work. Vacation is good but going home is better everyone will agree with me, and I am as lonesome for my little hospital as a Freshman at college for her mother.

"Some go in for art and some for gold, but a missionary is supposed to go in, heart and soul, for the friendship of God. I'm not a bit satisfied with my method of progress. I believe God wants us to be sane, natural, lovable human beings and the Christians who keep on the level are the ones nearest God. We need many things, but most of all, men and women. Equipment isn't of much use, unlesfl there is some one to handle it; and men and women are not of much use, either, unless they have the Radiant Life in their hearts and faces."

Dr. Lewis has just returned to America on furlough. Her church people in Upper Montclair, New Jersey, remember her words of greeting, "Thanks for your prayers. I wonder if that is what makes me so full of joy. I really pity people who can't come to India as missionaries. "

THE FUTURE OF INDIA India reborn in Christ !The earnestness of the millions of her pilgrims i the absorption of her mystics in the unseen but ever-present One; the unmeasured sacrifice of her ascetics; the other-worldliness of her true monks and friars; the contempt for material greatness and the things of sense beside the _majesty of the spiritual and the things unseen; the indifference to food and comfort and all things earthly if only the things eternal can be assured; the -worship that sees God everywhere and makes all life divine; the piety of the simple householder, for whom each act of daily life, each family event, is part of his religious life; the tireless aspiration away from this world in the search for God; the reverence for religious guide and teacher; the caring for the poor, the hospitality for every guest; the simplicity of life and the honourableness of poverty; above all, India's worship of GOODNESS; her sense of the strength of patience, the grandeur of gentleness, the nobility of meekness, the dignity of submissiveness, the glory of humility; this wealth Jf spiritual instinct, this fervour of religious passion, purged of all dross and lavished upon Him who only is the Way, the Truth, and the Life, the incarnate revelation of the eternal and invisible Godhead-what will it not mean for the fulness of His Body, for the completer manifestation of His glory, for the coming of His Kingdom and of peace on earth 1 W. E. S. HOLLAND, in ((The Goal of India."

CANOES IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS, MANNED BY CHRISTIAN

I n the Solomon Islands BY THE REV. JOHN G. WHEEN, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA General Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia T HE Solomon Islands lie within the tropical zone, northeast of Australia, about fifteen hundred miles from Sydney. Some of the islands are extensive and fertile and the natural scenery is very beautiful. The people vary in appearance, dialect, the tribal customs, but ethnologists classify them all as Melanesians. They have won an unenviable notoriety as "the fiercest head hunters in the Pacific." The late Rev. B. Dauks describes them as follows: "In 1567 the Governor of Peru sent the Spanish navigator Mendana on a voyage of discovery, and in 1568 he sighted and explored most of the eastern Islands, and called them the Solomon Islands, because he thought he had found the land of King Solomon's mines, and hoped great things both for his master and himself as the result of his discovery. It was not until 1595 that he was able to organize another expedition to revisit the Islands, and then he only got as far as the Santa Cruz Group, which he discovered and where he died. His companions afterwards returned to Peru with a woeful tale. After this the Group was so completely ·lost to civilization for nearly 200 years that its very existence was doubted by many. Captain Carteret, the English navigator, sighted the islands in 1767 j Bougainville in 1768; in 1769 Surville named Port Praslin on the northeast coast of Isabel. In 1792 Dentrecasteaux sighted .them while searching for the ill-fated La Perouse expedition. But none of these recognized that they had re-discovered the long-lost Solomon Islands. It fell to the lot of M:. Buche to first declare that these navigators had located Mendana's discovery. Since that time the 561

Group has been made familiar to us through the visits paid to them by men-of-war and merchantmen, by resident traders, and the missionaries of the Melanesian Missionary Society.

The Solomon Islands consist of a double chain of islands extending from northwest to southeast just east of ~ew Guinea. There are seven large islands, together with a large number of smaller islets, covering an. area of 600 miles in length. Bougainville and Guadalcanar are from 70 to 100 miles long, and have a breadth of 20 to 30 miles. The mountains on them range from 7,000 to 10,000 ft. high. Here and there, as in the western portions of Guadalcanar and in limited localities on San Christoval, the dense forests and rank undergrowth give place to long grass and ferns.

From June to September is the coolest part of the year, but it is difficult to distinguish between the seasons by the temperature, the difference being not more than 2 degrees. The monthly mean is 80 to 85 degrees and the range from 75 to 95 degrees. One effect of tropical climate on health is generally to reduce the average mean weight. The Solomon Group, however, will compare favorably with either New Britain or New Guinea in this and other respects. A writer in the Sydney J1iorning Herald of the 4th July last says: "In spite of fever the Europeans look remarkably healthy, and no doubt in the event of much clearing and settling being done, fever would as in other countries gradually disappear."

A typical Solomon Islander is about 5 ft. 6 in. high; dark brown in color; hair like a bush periwig ; projecting jaws and brows; short, straight nose; lips of moderate thickness; chin somewhat receding, and a hairless face wearing an expression of good humor. The women, in appearance are not unattractive, though they soon lose their good looks. Though the dressing of the hair is according to individual taste, there are four well' marked styles, viz: the woolly, the mop-like, the partially bushy, and the completely bushy. Hairy men are found in all the villages; but it is said that on San Christoval five men out of ten would have smooth faces. An inferior race inhabits the interior of the larger islands, and they are little able to cope with the robust people of the coast. The power of vision is not much greater than that of 'Europeans.

The Solomon Islanders have been described as the most treach. erous and blood-thirsty of all the Pacific Islanders. But those who have lived amongst them profess to find many good points in them, though they are careful how far they trust them. The dress is of the scantiest and sometimes, especially among the bush people, they are entirely without any, but the presence of traders and missionaries among them is altering that. A single cowrie shell is frequently worn on the front of the leg just below the knee. On the chest the men sometimes wear a crescent-shaped pearl shell; a necklace of dog's, porpoise, fruit bat or cuscus teeth, or the seeds of the Gaia;

iN '1'!tE SOLOMON iSLAND

Lachryma are used for the same purpose. Armlets of various kinds are worn above the elbow on the left arm. These are made at great labor out ,of shells, and are very highly prized. Armlets of plaited dried grass are also worn, often so tightly as to constrict the limb. Many have the septum of the nose pierced for the reception of ornaments. The lobes of the ears are also pierced, and the hole gradually enlarged until they will carry ornaments 1% to 3% in. in diameter; When the lobes hang loosely they are two to three inches in length. In some parts they streak their faces with lime; in others with red ocherous matter, and in others with silvery strips RAW HEATHEN IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS of a fish's swimming bladder which they plaster on their cheeks. The men generally wear plumes. They also like to wear the bright hibiscus flower in their hair, and are fond of flowers and scented grass. Tattooing is practised by both men and women, but not to any great extent.

Dug out canoes are seldom seen except in smooth water. '1'hey have no outriggers, . neither have they built canoes. The planks of the latter are tied together, and the seams covered with a resinous matter. The small canoes are about 15 ft. long, and the war canoes from 30 to 35 ft., having beak-like ends, and, in these, native decoration reaches a very fine pitch, the sides being usually inlaid with triangular pieces of pearl shell. They carry from eighteen to twentyfive men, who are very- clever in the management of their craft. They paddle double-banked.

Kite fishing obtains in the eastern parts. The hook or spider's web skims the water at the end of the kite tail, while the kite is

kept flying by the owner paddling in his canoe to windward. Spear fishing is common, being chiefly done at night by the aid of torches. The fish are attracted by the light, and then speared with the ordinary many pronged spear. They also stupefy fish by throwing into the water pieces of certain fruit. As the fish rise to the surface they are seized. On the completion of a new taboo house, a cannibal feast must be held, and if a victim cannot be obtained by raid, then one is selected from among the men in the village who were originally purchased by the chief. It is said that the people of Santa Anna are not cannibals, but if that is so their. abstinence dates only from a recent period. The reason assigned is that after a great cannibal feast an epidemic of sickness broke out, so the chief tobooed such luxury in the future. But this does not debar them from making profit by the custom, for it is said that one chief of the place grew rich by purveying human flesh for the man eaters of other islands.

In 1844 Bishop Epalle, a Roman Catholic, with thirteen companions, arrived in St. Ysabel in the eastern part of the group but on the day he landed was murdered. In a little· while all the other members'of the party had died of fever or had been killed. Mission work of the Catholic Church was not resumed until 1898. John Coleridge Patteson, (Anglican), commenced Protestant work in the eastern section in 1856 and subsequently became Bishop of Melanesia. The story of his work and martyrdom is familiar to readers of missionary literature. The Melanesian mission has maintained this work with considerable success.

The Western Solomons remained untouched by Christian influence for another half century. The Methodist :Missionary Society of Australasia then received earnest appeals to enter the field. A number of natives who had gone to Fiji as labor recruits came under the influence of the Methodist Mission and soon after becoming Christians evidenced a deep concern for their own country and people. They appealed to the Methodist Missionary Society of Australia to open work and their representations led to the opening up of the Methodist Mission in the group. The Rev. George Brown, D.D., was commissioned to visit the islands in 1901 and his report convinced the Mission Board that" the need was the call." In 1902 he conducted the pioneer mission band consisting of the Revs. John F. Goldie, S. Ray Rooney, a layman and several S<mth Sea Island teachers. After assisting the missionaries in the choice of a site for the station and advising them in regard to their plans and operations Dr. Brown returned to Sydney. The development of the mission is one of the brightest chapters in the missionary records of recent years. The head station'is at Roviana, on the island of New Georgia, and Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Ontong, Java and other smaller islands are included in the mission sphere. Recently the large island of :2ougainville and the island of Buka have been added. These two

IN THE SOLOMON ISLAND

BOAZ SUGA, A CHRISTIAN CHIEF, AND REV. JOHN F. GOLDIE, A MISSIONARY IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS .

islands formed part of German New Guinea and come under the mandate given to the Commonwealth of Australia. The population of Bougainville is estimated at about] 00,000. Just now a missionary and three Fijian teachers are on their way to open a station at Bougainville.

When the first mission party arrived at Roviana in 1902 they were met with conte~ptuous indifference rather than by active opposition. Patience, perseverance and faithful loving service soon broke down the barriers. The chiefs and people marvelled as these strangers moved in and out among them unarmed, seemingly unprotected, and yet unafraid. The winsome power of the uplifted Christ was soon felt 'among them. The witness and the work of these devoted men and women proved mighty through God to the pulling down of the strongholds of heathenism. Schools and churches were built, new centers were occupied and the mission grew apace. The difficulties and the perils were many and real, but faitli and prayer prevailed and the successes and victories have been.gratifying and permanent. At the head station at Roviana there is a flourishing institution for the training of young men as teachers and pastors. The curriculum, in addition to the usual literary and scriptural subjects, makes provision for manual and industrial training. Mission plantations hav'e been commenced and, as far as possible, the natives are ,being encouraged to cultivate methodical habits of industry.

The following figures give some idea of the present strength of the Mission: European workers, 10 i native workers, 61 i day

THE CHRIS1'IAN TRAINI NG–KOKE GOLO SCHOOL FOR BOYS schools, 53; churches and preaching places, 95; church members, ~,070; Sunday school scholars, 2,765; attendants at public worship, 1O~0. In 1920 the native churches contributed, in voluntary gifts, the _sum O:E three. t40usand pounds (£3,000) toward the support of the mission and also erected and maintained several native mission buildings. By mutual arrangement the mission passes in 1922 from the care of the Methodist Church of Australasia to that of the Methodist Church of New Zealand. A few incidents will serve to illustrate the success achieved.

In 1906 an effort was made to establish the mission on Ontong Java, an island more than two hundred miles from the Head Station. Mr. Goldie decided to put two Tongan teachers in charge. He describes the new venture as follows: "When I left two teachers there last year we expected that they would have to face hardships and danger and to exercise much faith and patience in their difficult task. The brave fellows were willing to face anything for Christ's sake. For three months they had to meet the bitterest opposition on the part of the native priests mid others, and all the time were compelled to live in their boat, with nothing but an old sail to shelter them from all cold and wind and rain. Often they were not permitted to make a fire to cook their food and sometimes they were even refused water to drink. All the time they found comfort and consolation in the Word of God, the mepromises of which cheered them in times of depression. They told afterwards that they will always thank God for the experiences they passed through, as they found, as never before, that Christ was a living reality, whose presence cheered and sustained them daily during their time of need. .At last God touched the heart of one man, who used to steal out at midnight to take them cocoanuts. At the end of three months an epidemic broke out among the people, many of whom died. The enchantments of the native priests proved powerless to stay the sickness and many of the people said 'It is

the God of the mission.aries punishing us for our treatment of these two. ' Semesi and Pologa were sent for and were asked to pray that the sickness might be- taken away from the people. God graciously heard the Prayers of His servants, and from that time the people listened 'eagerly to the message of the GospeL"

A young man named Loe came to us from Duki. He was a wild uncouth character ready for anything from theft to murder. He worked on the plantation and was always in trouble with the other boys. Hearing of his disobedience one day, I told him that he would have to go away since we could not keep him on the mission station. H e looked at me and said: "Master, do you mean what you say~ Are you going to turn me away from the mission 1 'Where shall I gol If I go away there is nothing for me but to go back to the old life. Will you send me back to thaU Here I have learned to love you, and to love the lot1./" and though you may think lam bad, I am learning to love Christ and want to follow Him. I am very weak and inside of me there are two men fighting for the mastery-one is the old Loe-he is very hot, and quick, and strong; and the other is the new Loe who wants to follow Christ. I-the new Loe-want to be a Christian. You may thrash me, kill me if you will, but don't send me away, master. I will not promise to be better for perhaps I should grieve you again by failure, but I am trying so hard to follow Christ-Can He help me f "

We knelt in prayer together and since that time the gracious Christ has taken possession of the heart of this lad.

An interesting personal te stimony was given at a church meet- THE PHYSICAL TRAINING-YO UNG M!!!N o!" THE SOLm.ON ISLANDS AT DlOLL

ing in 1911 by one of the mission converts, named Lua. As a head hunter, he had taken part in many a cruel raid before the advent of the missionaries. This is how he tried to express what was in his heart: "1 am a man of few words. Let my tongue be silent and let my life speak. In past years my life proclaimed the fact that 1 was the slave of Satan, living in darkness and in the shadow of death.

Every hill and valley, every rock, tree, and shadow was the abode of some evil spirit. When the missionaries came 1 heard them speak of 'love' and 'joy,' but to me these words were empty sounds.

I came to school in the hope that I should soon be able to read and write. That hope is gone now. I am not clever and am soon out- distanced by younger lads. 1 came looking for a 'little' thing, and 1 have found a 'great' thing. One thing 1 have learned, and to me all else is as nothing. 1 know now that Christ loves me. He has brought me out into the light. The fear of death and the darkness of sin have been left behind, and my greatest desire is to continue to walk in His light and love. 1 want my works to talk for Him."

One of the missionaries writes (1920): "We cannot, of course, tabulate spiritual things, but we rejoice that in all our churches there are evidences that Christ is the supreme fact in the minds of our people, that to do His will is their chief concern. The people who eighteen years ago.had never heard of the Christ, are them- selves to-day sending out missionaries to preach His gospel. In fact, the most marvelous thing about our work is the self-propagat- ing power of the Word of God. These people–like all natives- were intensely selfish, and yet it was a sight to wonder at when, at the anniversary service at Roviana, they quietly and reverently came up to the table and placed more than £1,700 on the plate. To one man who gave for himself and children over £40 1 said: " 'Can you aff.ord to give that, Keri l' '1 can't afford not to give,' he replied, looking at his· son, of whom he is justly proud.

'Tell me,' he added, 'what we should have had to give, if it were not for the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. What have we that we have not received of him ~' .

"There was no reply to that, for as we stood talking, our minds went back to the day when Keri and 1 first met. We both knew the difference Christ had made."

What a change would come over missionary finances if, in the Christian Churches of Europe, America and Australia, the same miracle could be wrought as that which has been witnessed in the Western Solomon Islands. "1 cannot afford not to give." Surely that is the spirit of which the Church of God stands in much need to-day as we face our missionary obligation and opportunity.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND

OUT-OF-DOORS MISSIONARY METHODS Four walls are not necessary to mis- sighing, sweltering "faithful few."

sionary success. The great mission- 'fhe way a successful business meets ary commission of our Lord was given hot weather is with plenty of ice- at an out-door meeting. literally and figuratively. Hotels have , 'Then the eleven disciples went away Rummer plans, summer porches and summer menus. The stock may be into Galilee, into a mountain where Jesus the same but the steaming soup of had appointed them. January becomes the iced bouillon of August. Instead of looking for , 'And J eaus came and spake unto them, the hot dishes of zero weather the saying, All power is given unto me in heaven patrons listen eagerly for the tinkle and hi earth. of the ices when the thermometer , 'Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost."

He held his missionary meetings soars.

by wells, on mountain sides, in the Thrice happy the leader who has groves, along the shore, and on the learned the art of manufacturing mis- lake as well as in the synagogues and sionary ice. Instead of leading the in the homes of the members. members into a hot, stuffy room with He served refreshments at some of all windows tightly closed because his out-door meetings: " it's a missionary meeting, it is , 'As soon then as they were come to land, scarcely worth while to open everythey saw a fire of coals there, and fish laid thing up," she plans for refreshing thereon, and bread. J eaus saith unto them breezes, pleasant shade, and cooling •Come and dine.' " "And he commanded the multitude to . ices. took the five There are fundamental all-the-yearsit down in the grass: and loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to round methods that must be the basis heaven, he blessed, and brake; and gave of all success but just as surely as the loaves to his disciples, and the disciples to the multitude." there are seasonable features neces- sary for successful business, so surely "God's first temples" are not used are there seasonable methods necestoday as much as they should" be for sary for the best missionary success. missionary meetings. The mountains, America is living out of doors more the shore and the lakes offer us un- and more each summer. It is hard, recognized and unused opportunity. however, for us to get out of the deep Planning for Hot Weather ruts of indoor missionary methods.. "Won't you come in to the mission- It is a well-known fact that the ary meeting T" we say twelve months temperature o£ interest in missionary in the year.

meetings varies inversely with the as- A change of phraseology in invita- cent o£ the mercury in the thermom- tions for at least two months might eter. The way many churches and tend to popularize our meetings.

societies meet the hot weather slump "Won't you come out to the mis- is to close for several weeks or to sionary meeting'" we may say, with struggle on with a handful of the a statement that the summer meetings 569

will be held on'some porch or lawn. never think of missions in connection This immediately enlists interest. A with boats and beaches. poster with a c~t-out picture of an attractive porch or a suggestion of Down in Savannah, Georgia, one iced lemonade to follow will have its wide-awake children's leader arranged l'fl'ect. Invitations with a figurative that a recent meeting of her children's tinkle of ice in them may enlist the society, the Light Brigade, should be lagging interest of July' and August. a boat and shore meeting. She chart- Suggestions of mountain or shore ered a boat with a capacity of one breezes are as welcome to earnest hundred. The children were, of workers as to ",hallow pleasure seek- course, all eager for the trip, so they ers. We need more appreciation of appeared laden with picnic boxes and the missionary opportunities of God's baskets, ready for the twelve-mile out-doors. trip to an island on which the meet- ing was held. Then came the picnic , HOW LEADERS SOAR WITH THE lunch and a general good time before the homeward journey. THERMOMETER A Missionary Ship Meeting would MOUNTAIN Top MEETINGS: "I be fine for such a day with invita- never let the thermometer get above tions printed on little cardboard boats. me," says one leader. "I always soar The program might have for a Bible with it. Our August meeting was lesson, one of the ship stories from held 5,000 feet above sea level. We the life of Jesus or the "Story of have wonderful mountain peaks near Paul's Shipwreck. " Then there us. We engaged two trucks to take might be stories of missionary ships the members who were in the city to that have sailed-the Sophia Hedwig the top of one of the most beautiful that carried Bartholomew Ziegenbalg peaks. There we had our meeting. and Henry Pleutschau, those first The Bible Study was on 'The moun- Protestant missionaries to the non- tains in our T..ord '8 life' emphasizing Christian world, and other ships that the necessity of quiet thought and have had a large part in missionary prayer in the daily lives of Christians. history. Our regular program followed with a few special features. We had invited SUNRISE ON THE PIER: Because he a quartet choir to be our guests and had been privileged to attend the sun- to lead the music. The effect of, the rise prayer-meetings in a summer hymns there in the stillness of the Conference one leader who went to a mountain side with ,the warbling of summer resort on the shore an- birds for an orchestra .was wonderful. nounced a sunrise meeting on the pier. Hymn after hymn was called for. An amazingly large number of people After the meeting we had our picnic joined him there. As the sun came lunch with manv attractive features flaming up out of the ocean, shooting and missionarv' contests.' Then we rays of gold over the sky which were wandered around on the mountain reflected in the water, the old hymns side gathering flowers until time to go rang out in the clear morning air. It . home. Ve felt as we descended that seemed that the lands afar were not we had seen our Lord ,more clearly so far as the white sails of the boats from those heights and that we had appeared on the horizon, and every been able to lift up our eyes and see one on the pier felt in a new way the more clearly also the great needy world responsibility and opportunity. harvest field of the waiting world." SUNSET SERVICES AT THE BEACH: AT THE SHORE: The gospel stories At an oceanside summer resort there give many records of meetings our were a number of visitors keenly in- Lord held'by the shore or on the lake, terested in missions who wanted to yet the majority of missionary leaders get together. A Sunset Service on the beach was arranged. Every eve- ning about half an hour before the

BEST METHODS

sunset the people began to stroll to- sewing had been largely for overseas ward the spot of meeting. There were hospitals or for Home Mission schools twenty minutes of singing. Then a so that the summer was used to make series of verv short talks about the comfort bags, bed jackets and caps lands across the sea. Sometimes mis- for incurables in the local hospital sionaries and missionary travelers spoka. Sometimes leaders from the and garments for the children in our home field. It seemed easier to visual- Fresh Air Home. A judicious selecize 'the whole world and its needs as tion of reading from some of the new they sat by the ocean and watched mission study books whetted the appethe passing ships on the far horizon tites of members for more and the that might even then be sailing for Secretary of Literature sold many ports of Africa or China or Japan or copies. Missionary stories for juniors India. were also read and as a result found Some of the people came because their way into many homes through they liked the singing, some, because they were interested in the talks. the mothers who came to the porch while some came out of curiosity, and gatherings. the Sunset Services grew steadily in popularity and influence. "No business was transacted, no of- ferings were taken and no formal Summer Porch Parties program was provided. Inf(lrmal so- Like some other missionary socie- ciability and missionary information ties, one society in Upper Montclair, were the order of the afternoon and New Jersey, rounds out the year in the plan was from every point of view June with a luncheon to which all thoroughly successfuL" the newcomers in the church and neighborhood are especially invited. .Among the books well adapted :for Reports and sociability prove to them reading aloud are the following: the worth-whileness of membership in the Society and many new names are Miracles of Missions, by Arthur T. Pierson. added to the roll. Last year it seemed as though the enthusiasm was at the Fifty Missionary Stories, by Belle M. Brain. crest just when the time came to discontinue the regular meetings because Selections for Missionary Reading, by Belle of the summer. A way was therefore sought to tide over the work to the M. Brain. autumn. From a suburb .the summer exit is not so great as from the city. In the Tiger ;rungIe, by Jacob Chamberlain. The method adopted is described by Mrs. Delavan L. Pierson: 'l'he Least of These in Oolombia, by Mrs.

"In order to maintain the mission- Williams. ary interest through the hot season, informal porch parties were held. A Wonders of Missions, by Caroline Atwater hostess offered to entertain on a certain day and friends cooperated as Mason. . a "Telephone Squad," to bring out My Chinese Days, by G. F. Alsop. others.. "The Program Committee selected Home Mission Trails, by ;r. S. Stowell.

interesting missionary books or chap- Race Grit (Negroes), by Coe Hayne. ters to be read aloud for an hour and the Community Work Committee pro- Kanamori '8 Life Story, by Himself. vided sewing for each one present. The hostess served a refreshing drink Korean Sketches, by James S. Gale. and wafers at the close. The winter Chinese Heartthrobs, by Jennie V. Hughes.

Frank Higgins-Trail Blazer, by T. D.

Whittles.

Adventures in Alaska, by S. Hall Young.

Foreign Magic. by Jean C. Cochran.

Helping the Helpless in Lower New York, by Lucy Bainbridge.

Power House at Pathankot, by M. ;r. Camp.

bell.

American Physician in Turkey, by C. D.

Ussaer.

Thirty Years among the Mexicans, by A. B.

Case.

There are many other volumes which have most interesting chapters –such as those by Jean McKenzie, W. T. Grenfell, Edward A. Steiner, Amy Wilson Carmichael, James S. Gale, Samuel M. Zwemer, W. L. Liv- ingston, and Mrs. Howard Taylor.

The publishers of the REVIEW will send boxes without making any ar- .. . be pleased to make suggestions to any rangement for the payment of duty, wishing lists of books for this pur- leaving the recipient to make this con- tribution. Consult your Mission pose. .. Board for definite instructions.

SPEND-THE-DAY MEETINGS. In a rural society which has difficulty in A TRIP AROUND THE WORLD arranging a Mission Study Class try Going into summer quarters is be- BOme spend-the-day' meetings. Have ginning to be a more threatening one member invite a half dozen others danger to Sunday-schools and l-Iisto spend the day at her home. In the sionary Societies than going into winmorning take one or two hours for ter quarters. mission study. Serve a luncheon at noon. The hostess may invite the Some leaders say frankly they can other members as her guests or a not do anything with their members menu may be made out in advance after June. Even those who stay at and each member asked to furnish home will not come to missionary one or more of the dishes. A social meetings. hour may follow the luncheon with conversation or games and contests. "Everybody wants to be out of Another hour or two of mission study doors. " may come in the afternoon. In this way a mission study book may be cov- If the momltain will not come in to Mohamet, why not have Mohamet go out to the mountain?

ered in two spend-the-day meetings. Plan summer tourist trips for your If a lighter schedule is desired one young people. The first tour may chapter only may be taken a day. properly be "Seeing America First."

Shady porches and cool lawns will Announce hour and starting place.

make such meetings most inviting. Hike as far as the ground at your SUMMER CHRISTMAS TREES are not disposal and the inclination of your new. They furnish a splendid out- members permit. Your trip may be door opportunity. Announce several limited to a lawn or to several lawns, weeks in advance that Christmas or extended over a park or a mountain presents for foreign mission stations side. At various stopping points are to be brought in, giving definite scheduled have people stationed to instructions for hand-made articles, receive the party, and by conversaand a full list of all the articles that tion, stories, pictures or dramatizawill be .accepted for the Christmas tion show them scenes and needs of box. Hold an out-door meeting cen- home missions.

tered around a small growing tree, One stop may be Ellis Island with gaily decorated. Have the gifts the Commissioner of Immigration to fastened to the tree, or piled under- give interesting information. As neath it as they are brought in, with many immigrants as possible may be a program of information and inspira- introduced. North .American Indians, tion about the work in the mission people of the mountains, a gronp of fields to which they go. A committee migrant laborers, and any other appointed for the purpose should groups desired may be stationed along pack the articles received, seeing that the way. If the meeting must be held they are shipped promptly, all charges in town .the hike may be from one prepaid, with a draft for New York lawn to another with some phase of Exchange mailed separately to the home missions presented on each amount of half the valuation of the lawn.

box, to cover charges for 'duty. Some After seeing America other trips missionaries are kept in a state of may be scheduled. Plan" A Trip to constant poverty because of the gen- .Japan." Advertise well with Japa- erosity of friends in America who nese posters. The trip may be as

elaborate or as simple as desired. At Several weeks in advance the Pub- the first stop a guide may appear licity Committee announced in the to give-advance information about! Sunday-school that each child was Japan. At the next stop the party invited to serve on the Publicity Com- may be welcomed with tea and wafers mittee for Children 's Week, and and more information about Japan. asked everyone who would help to Visits to Japanese kindergartens and remain after Sunday-school. Many schools, not forgetting the new Union members were on hand. Each re- Christian College for women at Tokio, ceived a sheet of cardboard for poster may follow. During the picnic sup- contest. They immediately began to per information and discussion of make plans for posters that would Japanese affairs may be served in advertise Children 's Week or some various attractive ways. special feature of it.

Children's Week At the same time the Chairman of the Visitation Committee met with Court Street Methodist Church at the Superintendent of each Depart- Lynchburg, Virginia, is carrying out ment, and distributed a visitation card with blanks for answers to such an exceptionally strong program of questions as: Name and address of missionary education. Recently a (,hild 1 Parents' names ~ Do parents special week's program was announced attend Sunday-sehool? Are there as follows: other children in the home who do not attend Sunday-school f etc. Each CHILDREN'S WEEK teacher was asked to visit every home represented in her class and to invite SUNDAy-April 23d Sunday-school Missionary Day Church-Children '8 Week Talk-Pastor WEDNESDAY-April 26th the mothers to the Mother!::!' Meeting to be held on Wednesday of Chil- Mother '8 Meeting 4 0 'clock dren 's Week.

Sunday-School Room The posters began to come in with- Children '8 Story Hour-4 o'clock – Primary Department Prayer Service-Parents-Pastor in a week and were put up in the Sun- FRmA v- April 28th day-school room. The cards with the information secured in the every- Missionary Play-7: 45 0 'clock home visitation were turned in to the SUNDAy-April 30th Sunday-school-CHILDREN'S DAY Parents Invited Superintendents of Departments. Church- Parents' Day-Children invited The Sumlay of Children's Week C, RfFULlY PRE?fRED luNC E CHIL OR[NS [AlE[V IS THLIR. RELIGIOVS YOURBOY HASHISEYEoN EDUCATION CAREfUL Y PLANNED? YOU CHILCRENS WEEK I r10THERS MEETiNG.APR2G_ 4 PM. APRIL 23-30

was a Missionary Sunday with a ping forward to see what the exciteprogram conducted entirely by the ment was about, he saw a man, who children. A special invitation was stood on a box, speaking. The Rusgiven to mothers and fathers to at- sian listened. The man in the box tend. told the old, old story of Jesus and His love. It gripped the heart of the On Monday morning the posters would-be murderer. He followed -the were displayed in the largest depart- speaker into the hall where he was ment stores of the city in the Chil- holding an indoor service and redren's Wear Department, and at- mained for a conference. Before he tracted much attention. On Wednes- went out he had accepted Jesus day they were brought back as decora- Christ. tions for the Mothers' Meeting. On that day one mother gave a talk on In one year over three thousand "Children at Play;" another sang; similar open-air meetings were cona father talked on the physical en- ducted in New York City in nine vironment of the Sunday-school; a languages. In the National Bible Inmother gave practical suggestions for stitute meetings over 500,000 attend- "Children in the Home on Sundays," ed and 3,000 professed to accept followed by a general discussion. A Christ. large percentage of the mothers of all the children enrolled in the Sunday- In former days orthodox ministers school attended. While the mothers looked askance at the street preacher, were in their meeting a Story Hour but when the orderly and ul'thodox Committee took charge of their chil- pastor of one of the oldest and most dren with a program of stories. conservative churches on Firth Ave- nue took his stand on th,] steps of Friday night a Missionary Play his church and preached Christ there, was given by the children of another orthodox church members began to church in the city, presenting all of consider more seriously and with less the Mission Stations supported by prejudice their responsibility for givthe denomination. ing the Gospel to the throngs of people who never enter the doors of Sunday was Children's Day in the the churches. Sunday-school and Parents' Day in the Church. Each of the Elementary He who would get the ear of New Departments had prepared special York must catch it as its people move. features. Every fifty-two seconds a passenger train arrives at aNew York terminal. The interest awakened in this Every forty-two seconds a ship sails Church and throughout the city was for a distant port. In one day so great that it is expected that next the subways, the elevated and the year there will be a city-wide Chil- surface cars of greater New York dren 's Week with many missionary carry twice as many passengers as features that will strengthen the cords do all the steam railroads of the of friendship of the children of United States. Over fifty nationali- Lynchburg for· the children of the ties live in New York and thirty-six whole wide world. per cent. of its population are foreign born. Open-Air Eva~gelism Many cities have districts where A Russian passed along the streets conditions exist that are as dark and of New York, as the clock in the ,godless as any in heathen lands. In Metropolitan tower struck twelve. New York City, for instance, the Bitterness filled his heart. He had Protestant Church members do not been wronged and had come all the comprise one-tenth of the population, way from Russia that he might have and the churches of all creeds would vengeance on the man who had not hold more than one-half of the wronged him. As he went down the population if they should all wish to street he saw a crowd gathered. Step-

attend at one time. It is, therefore, The nse of a portable organ, cornet or other instrument. important that Christians should take Brief, simple testimonies of those who the Gospel to people where they are, know that Christ has saved them.

as earnestly as they seek to carry the Selection of speakers whose voice has carrying power. Good News to those in lands beyond the sea. . Use of crayon sketches to illustrate the tmth. In such meetings success is attributed to the fact that emphasis is A nnmber of effective personal workers always placed on testimony to the in the crowd. power of God and the ability of ChI"ist to deliver from sIn and its con- Distribution of tracts <:luring pauses in sequences. Only truly converted men the meeting. speak and workers make thorough preparation by prayer and confer- Each worker to have personal conversa· ence. Among the features that help tion with at least one listener at the close toward success are: of a meetjng.

Good leaders with an efficient corps of Name.• ,md addresses of those interested helpers. are secured and inquirers promptly followed up. General Gospel singing under capable leadership and with a good instrument. The greatest essential for success- ful outdoor or indoor evangelism is a vital faith in God, as revealed in Christ, and a deep passion for souls.

A very attractive outdoor method is the such a map and a speaker in costume can use of a sand map at the seashore, or a give nluch information and arouse missionlawn map in some park or suburban place. These maps ean be made in any convenient ary enthusiasm. size. At the seashore, the boundaries may A lawn map may be made in a similar be drawn with a sharp stick or may be indicated by shells. Large and small stones way with white stones or slaked lime for may be used to indicate towns of various boundaries and rivers. Flags may be used sizes where the1'e are mission statioIls. Small for mission stations or children may stand flags, stuck in the sand, may contain in- at the desired points and report on some formation as to the work at various stations. phase of the work. Children dressed in Rivers and mountains may also be clearly simple costumes add much to the attractiveindicated and those who have special ability ness of the scene. can make these maps elaborate and most interesting. An audience is easily attracted by 'l'hese outdoor maps have been used with great effectiveness in children's missionary meetings at British seaside resorts and in suburhan towns in the United States.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASS.

MEDICAL GRADUATES AT VEL- whole profession of medical ministry LORE to wom!:n might well be turned OV8r From Vellore comes the happy to women just as the nursing profesnews of the firlilt Class Day. The sion has been given over into their graduating class of fourteen girls, hands." who remained from the eighteen who entered the first year, made a deep Colonel R. Bryson, who also made a impression on the many guests. The brief address, said that there were account, given in the Madras Mail of many ,, doubting Thomases ' , four March 30th, reports the following remarks from the Surgeon-General, years ago when the school was first G. G. Giffard, who took part in the opened but that the fourteen girls program. who started the course were now ready for their graduation. It is dif- '( The Vellore School is already a ficult to excel a record of one hundred success. Three reasons might be as- per cent. Now there are not only signed: first, all students are resi- these fourteen girls but fifty-two dents; second, the large proportion others are behind them, everyone a seleeted student.

of teachers to those taught; lastly, it Graduates in Tokyo was founded and is guided by Dr. Ida Scudder. It is a pity that the demand In Japan at the commencement for medical education has grown so exercises in the Woman's Union Chris- rapidly that these requirements for tian College in Tokyo,' sixty-four success' cannot be followed out in young women were graduated in every school. April. This first class is one to- be "Mission schools and colleges reckoned with in the years to come sh{)ulddowith their might what their in the making of the new Japan.

hands find to do. Though there is a There is a note of pathos in the saying that (Art is long, time is fleet- letters from the college. They are ing, ' we should remember that as life waiting so anxiously for the glad news grows longer art grows shorter and by that the money has all been secured patiently keeping at it we may arrive and that they may' begin to build.

at a considerable mastery of the art They cannot receive the students who of medicine and surgery. It would be are clamoring to come, indeed are well to take a lesson from the veter- coming from all parts of the empire.

inary surgeon who does not ask ques- Several prominent Japanese men are tions because he cannot expect an making generous contributions. Baron answer from dumb beasts. On the Mitsui has pledged yen 10,000 to the whole, by skillful questioning one can College; Baron Shibusawa pledges get a fair amount of truth from an equal amount; Mr. Asano, presi- people but in dealing with illiterate dent of the great steamship line, will women and young children we must give the same; th€ Osaka Steel Com- learn how to diagnose by observation pany contributes 5,000 yen, and and feeling. There is a danger that others are planning to aid this great in relying too much on ingenious in- cooperative educational effort for the struments we may lose the power of women of Japan.

observation and the delicacy of touch. It is a beautiful thing that the "Medicine offers the prospect of women of America are doing in ex- much success for women; in fact the pressing their friendship for their 576 nearest Oriental neighbor through this East. V,re do not hola an undisputed Woman's College. Vassar College, to field. Dr. William Hung, of Peking which the first Japanese student came University, spoke with deep earnest- years ago, has become the sister col- ness at recent meetings in Chicago lege, and has made a generous offer- and :!Iilwaukee regarding the an- ing this year toward the Building tagonistic forces that have come Fund. It is hoped that a Vassar through such preachers as Bertrand Building may be among those erected. Russell and his followers:, the open Philadelphia is responsible for the preaching of free love and Bolshe- main building, Harrisburg is working vism, and the bitter opposition to on the Faculty House, and we are Christianity. These teachings are tak- yet to hear from other Pennsylvania ing root in the minds of students in cities. Government schools and, worst of all, Chinese Colleges in the hearts of women who suppose that western teachers come with the Ginling College reports progress. .truth.

The buildings are beginning to rise The fund for the Colleges has on the beautiful new campus. Presi- reached nearly the million mark in dent Woolley, who recently returned pledges and cash. We must raise an- from there, speaks with great empha- other million dollars before January sis of the value and needs of these first if we claim the generous gift colleges and of their part in the edu- from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller cational system of China now being Memorial Fund from which we have planned. the promise of one million if we .At Yenching we still wait to see the would secure two before January 1, first stone laid on the lovely new ] 923. The time is very short and un- campus. Chicago, Rochester and sev- less all Christian forces unite to help eral other cities are cooperating in in this undertaking it cannot sncceed.

the buildings for this college. Throughout this summer, at the sum- Ma.dras, India. mer schools and through the fall in all the churches steps must be taken Miss Edith Coon of Madras College to secure sums large and small if we spoke on May 24th at the May Break- are not to send a message of bitter fast in the Ford Building, Boston, of disappointment to the brave souls the important work that Madras Col- who are depending on us and who lege is doing for the women of India. wait to know what they may expect.

She spoke with intense earnestness The Boards are hampered, it is true.

and emphasis of the need of the Some of them are under the shadow science building and also referred to of debt and others are finding it diffi- the fact that the Government has re- . cult to meet their apportionments.

quested this college to make room for There is no question, however, abont tbe new Teachers' College which will this work. If we are to have train~d furnish the leading educators for In- Christian leadership in these foreign dia. It is proposed to use the building lands th-e colleges must be aided im- known as Hanson's garden, formerly mediately.

referred to as Naboth 's Vineyard, for Dr John Finley, one of the editors this Teachers' College. of the New York Times, calls this The Challenge movement one of the great con- structive forces for international Surely God has worked through friendship. It mllst not fail in this the past fifty years and has brought day when the whole world is depend- to a climax, just when the challenge ent on the new leadership, with high is greatest, the work of our missionary and holy ideals which can come only boards for the women and girls of through the expression of Christ in Asia. Other forc-es are entering the His discipjps.

5 EDITlQD BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK SPANISH-SPEAKING PEOPLES IN Dr. Fosdick in a (recent) article THE UNITED STATES shows that the criminals (in the Abridged from the report of the Committee, cities) of America are very much more numerous than those of Europe. He Mrs. J. W. Douns, Chcnrman states that it is because of the cosmo- Many years ago Dr. Josiah Strong politan citizenship …. not necessarily said: ' 'He does most to Christianize the type of immigration (but) rather the world and to hasten the coming lack of lmowledge of the language of the Kingdom of God who does most and lack of understanding of the to make thoroughly Christian the manners and customs of the people, United States." ….. "We must save together with the needs, which change America to save the world," I fear makes greater. has been difficult for us to believe. If it is true of the rest of the world In a recent conference on the evanthat as yet has not had the Gospel, it gelization of the Spanish-speaking is doubly true of Old Mexico, the people in the Southwest, one man of country so near us that one may cross large experience brought the question a river or an imaginary line to enter of unjust and unkindly treatment of the United States. If we are ever to the Mexican people by employers, and Christianize Mexico, we must surely each worker voiced the opinion that offer to those of her people who come according to his or her experience his to our country the same personal in- statements were correct. Can we hope terest and the same just treatment to Christianize Old Mexico when that they receive from our representa- those who come to us go back with tives who go as missionaries to their such messages T Had we not better country ….. . turu the full forces of our efforts in- to the lives of these people and send It is possible that our approach to them back to carry the message ~ the world's evangelization has been Local communities and churches emphasized in the Department of For- must feel a vital interest and responeign Missions instead of as part of a sibility before we can reach the great plan of evangelization. Are we peoples of other nationalities, and it going to give an adequate Christianity has been proven true "that the to America and bring it to such per- church that can win them to Christ fection in practice that other nations, . can do the best by service and not seeing our achievement through the by services." …. These warm-hearted Gospel of Jesus Christ, will send am- (Mexican) people respond to the simbassadors to us begging to be shown plest kindness and repay in every way the Way of Life? possible the Christian worker who The writer who stated, "There can gives his best to them.

be no difference between Home and Wha~ shall we do for these million Foreign Missions on the scale of world and a half Mexicans who live with us citizenship" is correct. "Home Mis- now and will in all probability con- sions are not provincial or our na- tinue to do so …. making their annual tional economy and Foreign Missions visits to their old homes by the thou- holding in monopoly a world 'enter- sand';!, carrying the messages that we prise. " If there is a difference, it is have delivered to them, not always in in the method of approach to the same churches, but in our work-a-day prac- universal responsibility. tical living?

578

FROM ,MANY

ISLANDS OF THE SEA with several other Christians to a bap- Am.erican Samoa tism in Silobob. A snake suddenly ARECENT English visitor to citrsossheesadthehipghathaboofvethethbeoawt~tehro.ldinIgf Samoa writes as follows of the American administration there: such a thing had happened formerly, "The American native policy in no Papuan would have taken another Samoa is very clear and definite. There is to be no exploitation by the stroke at the oar. They went on. European. The land belongs inalien- The elders of Ragetta have resolved ably to the native race. With characteristic consistency the Naval Board not to accept anything from the surbought at full valuation the forty rounding heathen which was in any acres used as the naval base and this is the only land alienated 'since the way eonseerated by magic-no meat, United States took control. There is o~ly one European planter in the ter- no nut, and no vegetable. The misntory, and he obtained his land in sionary had often spoken to the peopre-American days. The Governor is insistent upon the fact that the ple about this, but had never made any requirements. They formed this resolution of their own free will. It must also be observed that the Chris- tia~s suffer many privations by re- fusmg the acceptance of such gifts.

islands belong not to America, but to Future Filipino Pastors the Samoans, and they daelvoenle~p utnhdeeirr T HERE are fifteen men enrolled in kindly guidance, must . the . Uni~n Theological Seminary own country. Great pressure has m Mamla thIS year and fifteen more in the Bible training sehool, while ten of been exerted by powerful syndicates t~e college students and thirty of the hIgh school boys are in direct trainto break down this attitude but the ing for the ministry. Of these sev- ~nty young Fil~pi.no students prepar- Administrator has stood fi.;m. Not mg for the ChnstIan pastorate thirty are Presbyterians, and they, with two onl:y ~s there this negative protection: other candidates still in the inter- mediate schoo~s,. make the largest posItIve attempts have been made to number the mlSSIon has ever had in training for this vastly important ensure the welfare of the people. The work. The seminary students are high school graduates, and most of health of the race has been carefully them college graduates also, which augurs well for the future of the nasupervised. While almost every other tive ministry in the islands….. Work part of the Pacific has a dismal reeord of the decrease of native populations during the twenty years Uncle Sam has had control of this portion of the group, his Samoan nephews and nieces have increased by forty-one per cent.

Plans for higher education are in ac- tive preparation."

Superstition in New Guinea in the shop, additions and repairs to the buildings, and all other tasks yOUNG Christians turn away with which the dyoonuengchmeeernfulclayn a nmdanwaiglle~ great determination from their old they have customs, especially from their heathen ingly, and the mission has turned over s?rcery and their heathen supersti- for their support the money which tlO~. A Bremen Society missionary would otherwIse have been paid oilt wntes: to carpenters and builders.

The missionary is riding in his boat The Continent.

579

Giving Time to God's Service eleven years we have conducted an Evangelistic Institute for the young I N Bohol in the Philippines, there people of the churches of Manhattan are no paid evangelists. Each con- and Bronx, in which they were trained vert is told he is a "debtor" like in the evangelistic message and evan- Paul. Most of the people are poor gelistic methods. This year we are and they have no income except conducting institutes in :five centers. time, so they promise this to the Lord, Recently, 248 volunteers ttained in the Manhattan-Bronx Institute connever, however, counting Sunday, as ducted 1,117 meetings in 110 centers in six languages, and gave the Gospei that is already His. Some give so to 259,000 people. We hope from the many days of time, some give months. additional Institutes this year to have The Lord has blessed their gifts, and there are now sixteen congregations at least five hundred volunteers, and with a membership of over twelve that they will reach half a million hundred. people. "

NORTH AMERICA Preaching to Fifth Ave. Heathen Christian Fellowship MoveD1ent T HE oldest church in New York A FEW months ago a group of City has witnessed an unusual men and women, among whom sight this spring-street preaching on Sherwood Eddy was one of the lead- Fifth Avenue. In the front yard of ing spirits, met in New York City, the Marble Collegiate Church, corner for the purpose of associating themof Twenty-ninth Street, of which Dr. selves in a fellowship for the building David J. Burrell is pastor, Rev. Ed- of a more Christian social order and gar E. Strother, general secretary of for the more earnest practice of the China Christian Endeavor Union. Christianity as a way of life. After who is in America on furlough, had two days spent in discussion, it was a pulpit erected, and preached the determined to effect at that time no first day to an audience of :five hun- formal organizallion but to create a dred people. Among those who have eommittee to conduct correspondence, assisted him are Rev. K. J. S. Jaya- formulate tentative plans and call a BOorina, a Hindu Christian, and Rev. conference after some months for Ruey Kin, pastor of the First Chinese further discussion of the aims of the' Presbyterian Church in New York group and suggested methods by City. Thus the mission lands are which they might be realized. This bringing back to "the heathen of second gathering was held at Lake New York" the gospel message which Mohonk May 10th-11th and brought Christians in America sent acrosl! the together many Christian leaders who seas. This pUlpit is now being used earnestly advocated the application of daily by the workers of the National Christian principles to business and industrial life. Bible Institute.

Organized New York Evangelfsm A Christian Business T HE Evangelistic Committee of T HE recently elected' president of New York City during 1921 helped the American Cast-Iron Pipe Comto start work in the following church- pany of Atlanta, Georgia, Mr. John less communities: an Italian church J. Eagen, stated on taking office in on the upper East Side; a Hungarian February, 1922: "The directors are church on the East Side; an Italian all church members. They have church in the Bronx; a Spanish elected another professing Christian church in lower Manhattan; and an as president on a basis that the teach- Italian church on the West Side. ings of Jesus Christ are to be the Arthur J. Smith, General Secretary, ruling principles of the business. I reports Qf the work as follows: "For

19Z2j NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

am glad if the action of the directors sage should be manifested in teach- of our company will cause other pro- ing and life but, so far as possible, fessed followers of Christ to give this without perpetuating the theological question their thought." The plat- controversies of western lands. The form adopted by the directors de- consideration of social and economic clares for a reasonable living wage problems is regarded as a necessary to the lowest paid workman, constant part of missionary work and while the employment for every member of the experiences of Occidental lands may organization, and an' actual applica- be useful, their methods should be tion of the Golden Rule to all rela- modified to meet the peculiar needs of tions between employee and employer. the Orient. The responsibility of missionaries to help governments to Bible as Newspaper Serial solve their problems according to T HE Daily Telegraph, of Bluefield, Christian standards was recognized West Virginia, began on May 4th and a need for teaching self-reliance to print the New Testament in serial and true democracy as real friends of form, and will, says Colonel H. I. the people and of their governments. Mission schools have the greatest op- Shott, the editor and owner, continue portunity to build strong characters the practice until the final chapter of and to prepare the people for the Revelation has appeared in its col- highest type of responsible leadership in the nation and the Church. umns. . Every morning, under a double column heading "Read the Bible With Us," will appear a por- Mormon Secret Temples tion of the New Testament. The T HE ninth secret temple of Mor- monism was begnn in September, newepaper report from which this in- 1921, at Mesa, Arizona. The site was chosen some time ago by Prophet formation is taken, does not state what version is to be followed.

. New York Times. Grant, and high dignitaries of the Student Volunteer Conference at faith attended the ground-breaking ceremonies. The building ii!l to cost Bear Mountain over ha1£ a million dollars, and is to be completed within a year. ON April 21st and 23d a special conference, attended by about The other temples erected by the 175 Student Volunteers, was held at Mormons are given as follows in the Bear Mountain, New York, to con- order of their dedication: At Kirt- ~ider the relation of American stu- land, Ohio, in 1836; at Nauvoo, dents to some present day problems Illinois, in 1846; at Salt Lake City, connected with Christian missions. Utah, in 1893; at St. George, Utah; Addresses were made by Dr. D.J. Flem- at Manti, Utah; at Logan, Utah; at ing, Dr. Y. Y. Tsu of China, Prof. Cardston, Alberta, Canada; and at J. E. K. Aggrey of Africa, and others. Laie, Hawaii. The discussions related to the educational, reUgious, social and political These temples are not used for pubinfluence of mission work in foreign lic services but are devoted to the lands. It was the general conviction secret administration of endowment that mission schools are especially rituals and celestial marriage cerevaluable as places for developing help- monies, with baptisms and marriages ful freedom of thought and expres- for the dead.

sion, Christian ideals, beliefs and character, such as cannot be done in Southern Methodist· Results S government schools. They are also OME of the results of the Cente- nary Movement in the Methodist places in which the coming Christiau leaders of the Church should be Episcopal Church, South, are given traint'd and where the Christian mes- as follows:

In 1920 and 1921 Southern Meth- leges within two hundred miles of the odists invested more in missions, home Atlantic coast, although "its enactand foreign, than in any previous ten ment will stand" is the opinion of a years; sent abroad 162 new mission- well-known college within a few miles aries; built in foreign fields 147 of New York, and another eastern churches; opened six new hospitals in president says, "I have no fear that China, Korea and Mexico, and en- the amendment will be repealed or its larged and equipped six others, at a enforcement nullified." total cost of $250,000; and established or provided with additional grounds A Chapel Car for MedeaDs and buildings 42 colleges and schools in foreign fields, at a total cost of T HE American Baptist Publica- $750,000. tion Society, in cooperation with the American Baptist Home Mission Further, revival fires are springing Society, has commissioned Rev. A. B. up in all the foreign fields as a result Howell, formerly missionary to of the Centenary impetus; 181 Porto Rico, to begin a new phase of churches were organized in Korea last work among the Mexicans in the year and 16,000 new believers en- Southwest. He has taken to this terrolled for Christian instruction; a ritory the chapel car" Glad Tidings," great double-the-membership cam- and has held his :first meeting at Bispaign has been launched in Japan; bee, Arizona, a town built in a and in two years there has been an in- canyon. The first Sunday night at- tendance taxed the capacity of the car crease of lOa per cent in membership and many stood outside and listened. On Monday night there were over in Mexico. The foreign Christians seventy present, among whom were are giving to the Chureh twice as several Mexican Presbyterians, for the much as they were three years ago meetings were held in union with the ($172,000 in 1920) and rapidly in- Presbyterian Mexican Church. Before creasing; and the Chinese and Kor- the close of the meetings at Bisbee ean churches are striving for com- the Mexicans from Naco, Arizona, plete self-support by the end of the sent word that they were anxiously Centenary period, so that all mission waiting for the car so that their funds may be left for expansion. friends and relatives there might have the Gospel preached to them. At Prohibition and the College. Bisbee twenty-five took the first step toward the new life and many were T HE Intercollegiate Prohibition aroused to do personal work for their Association addressed in March Lord. to every college and university president in the United States, a letter LATIN AMERICA containing the question "What do the faculty and students of your insti- An Appeal for Haiti tution and your acquaintance think of prohibition in theory and faet T" Of SHORTLY after the appointment 158 replies, representing all types of in the spring of General Russell institution and forty of the forty- as High Commissioner to Haiti-an eight states, 136 were favorable, ten appointment which the Senate was non-committal, and eight unfavorable, not asked to confirm, and which was and of the 136 indorsing replies accompanied by sealed orders-a leteighty indicated a majority for Pro- ter was addressed to the Senate Comhibition ~'so strong as to be almost mittee of Inquiry by the Committee overwhelming. " on American Responsibilities in Haiti and Santo Domingo, representing the Almost without exception comments Federal Council of the Churches of suggesting modification of present en- Christ in America, the Home Missions forcement measures, or favoring the return of wine and beer, or criticizing the laws as too rigid, come from col-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Council and the Committee on Coop- professed Catholics is, 'I am a Catheration in Latin America. The Com- olic, but anti-clerical.' They do not mittee has been Rtudying the Haitian seem to realize that the ciergy is situation with great care and concern Catholicism in the Roman sense." and now recommends as follows: "1. That effective steps be taken at once A Chilean Northfield by our Government to insure that the relation T between Haiti and this country be based HE second summer conference of Christian workers in Chile was Upon the free consent of a. properly constituted government of the smaller nation, held Peb. 1 to 8, 1922, and Miss and upon an agreement which defines what Florence Smith, who has recently rethe stronger nation may and may not do turned from furlough to Santiago, toward giving needed help in stabilizing writes that "the Chilean Northfield their Government.

"2. That our American Government in is now an assured fact." Its estab- cooperation with the Government of Haiti lishment last year was made possible enter upon such administrative measures as by the Methodist Mission after its will lead to the strengthening of finances, purchase of El Vergel, one of the the improvement of sanitation, public health finest farms in southern Chile, for an and public works, the pJ'omotion of educa- tion, and the development of the people and agricultural school. their Government. This year some sixty representa- "3. That complete administrative inde- tives of the Alliance, Anglican, Bappendence be reestablished just as soon as tist, Methodist and Presbyterian Mispossible.

"4. And that this general policy be im- sions, and the Young Men's and mediately avowed." Young Women's Christian Associa- tions gathered. The mornings were Church Politics in Guatemala given over to Bible study, inspira- I N an editorial in Guatemala News, tional topics and the discussion of the organ of the Guatemala Mis- missionary problems in open forum. sion, we read: "The union of Central America has become a matter not of The harmony, mutual helpfulness, civil, but of church politics. Guate- complete frankness and entire abmala remained in, so long as the sence of sectarian bias which charchurch politicians held control in acterized this conference assure the Guatemala, and had hopes of control- success of this annual gathering, and ing the union. But when the revolu- this Chilean Northfield will surely tion came and the church party lost make cooperation in Chile a simpler task.' , in Guatemala, though still in the majority in Salvador and Honduras, the UniOll Seminary in Montevideo new Union authorities in Tegucigalpa T HE three boards that have voted were bringing such church pressure to enter the" Faculty of Theology upon Guatemala that her Liberal and Social Sciences" in Montevideo, government was unwilling to stand Uruguay-Methodist Episcopal, Presfor it. Guatemala forthwith with- byterian U. S. A. and Disciples-have drew from the Union and took a po- decided to ask their representatives litical attitude of very pronounced to spend three months in Montevideo, friendliness to the United States. making a careful study of conditions Present conditions in Guatemala are and reporting detailed plans for the unusually favorable for missionary opening of the Seminary. Dr. Webactivity. ster E. Browning, representing the "Guatemala is almost unanimously Presbyterian Board, is to direct these in favor of Central American union, investigations and Rev. C. S. Braden but never with Rome in the saddle. will represent the Methodists and Dr.

A very common attitude even among C. A. Vannoy the Disciples.

EUROPE priest said, 'Now show us how to have family prayers.' With the light of a Belgian Eagel'ness for the Bible candle, a few of us around the table tried to conduct model family prayers. AN unprecedented eagerness for the As we finished I remarked, 'Thus did Bible on the part of the Belgian your ancestors three hundred years people is reported by the Belgian Gos- ago read. the Bible and pray all over pel Mission, of which Mr. and Mrs. this land.' " Missionary Herald. Ralph Norton were the founders. In one village where street preaching has Report from Mona.tir been going on weekly in the market square, the colporteurs report, "We FRIENDS of the mission at Monhave sold in six weeks over three astir have been watching with conthousand Testaments, or more than siderable anxiety for news of the posone for every home there. In addi- sible effects of the fighting between tion to this, we have given away to Greeks and Turks in the vicinity outreaching, eager hands thousands The girls' school and other buildings, of Gospels and tracts." valued at about $40,000 by the Amer- ican Board which had carried on the Similar work has been done in about work there for many years, were fifty villages this year. One colpor- turned over by them several months teur who some thirty years ago sought ago to the Methodist Episcopal to distribute the Word of God in Church, which made the station a these same villages said that he could part of their Jugo-Slavia Mission. A scarcely believe that the people of cablegram received by the Board the Belgium would be so open to receive last of April from Dr. Irwin, the the Word of God. "In years gone superintendent of that mission, statby," he said, "I have trudged day ed, "Girls safe. Monastir much after day from village to village and damaged." through the country, carrying a little bag of Scriptures and tracts, and Greek Opposition to Bible Reading onlv occasionally would I sell somethi~g; and I grew so weary at my REFERENCE was made in the task, often wondering if I would ever March REVIEW to the opposition empty thc little bag." "Then," he of the present Greek Government to said, "people would scarcely buy the the sale of the Bible in modern Greek. Testaments in the secret of their More recent reports tell of some of the homes, but now hundreds buy the ways in which that hostility has mani- Gospel openly on the street." fested itself. The office of the Amer- lcan Mission in Salonica, the deposi- Family Prayers in Czechoslovakia tory of the American Bible Society, was entered by the police, and after T HE new National Church in a thorollgh examination New Testa- Czechoslovakia, which was de- ments in Grt'ek were taken from the scribed in the January REVIEW, is shelves and have never been returned, now said to have over a million mem- even though a strong protest has been bers. Rev. John S. Porter, of the entered at the police office. Bibles American Board, writes of some re- have also been taken out of shipments markable experiences which he has at the Custom House on the charge been having recently with these that the book was nut a proper book people: "On invitation, I preached for circulation among the people. A recently on a week day to a congre- Christian young man was giving out gation of about 500 of those who left a few free copies of St. John's Gospel Rome a year ago. to hi" fellow soldier'S when he was ar- rested, charged with circulating a Bol- "Most of them stood during the shevick book, and imprisoned. In a entire service; and there was a wretched little light, one for the whole hall. When I had finished, the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

village in Macedonia, the bishop of of teaching the truths of the Bible. Serres advised his people in a talk They seem to be limited only by lack in one of the churches to drive out of leaders and literature. One of "with sticks andstones" anyone com- these ragged Sunday-schools is coning into their midst to sell the Bible ducted by the Christian Endeavor Soor to speak on religion. " And," said ciety of Faggala in a Clistrict of Cairo this under-shepherd of the church of called Bab el Bahr, where eighty Christ, "whatever you do I will as- boys and girls attend. The school besume the responsibility for it alL" gan by one of the native preachers going to the place each Sunday after- MOSLEM LANDS noon and collecting a small group of children to whom he would relate Christian Preacherg for Turkey Bible stories and teach a hymn. At present this school has ten classes of WHEN the war broke out the which four are girls and six are boys; American Board was conducting they come from the poorest homes and three theological schools within the thirty of the pupils are Moslems. bounds of the old Turkish Empire, One can hardly express the joy of one at Marash, one at Harpoot, and the children when they see the party one at Marsovan. The war put a of teachers arriving, and the way they complete end to theological training, call each other from the homes and but missionaries on the field have sent streets. in an earnest appeal to the Prudential Committee of the American Board Basel Mission in Kamerun for the opening of a School of Religious Education in Constantinople. T HE French Government in the Such a school is to be opened this Kamerun has now released the summer or early autumn in Bebek, confiscated property Qf the Basel Misthe very place where Dr. Hamlin sionary Society and acknowledged some eighty years ago began the first that the Society is legally a Swiss Turkish theological school. organization, but unfortunately this does not include permission 101" the One of the most interesting features Society to resume its missionary ,,",ark is that the general management of in this field. In anticipation of such the school will be in the hands of a difficulty, a free assignment of all representatives of the American the property has been made to the Board Mission, the Methodist Mission Paris Mission Society. The French in Bulgaria, the Armenian Patriarch- evangelical missionaries will now have ate, the Greek Patriarchate, the full liberty to continue the wbrk. Protestant Chancellery, the Y. M. There is hope· that the British Gov- C. A., the Y. W. C. A., Robert ernment may adopt the same policy College, t.he American College for as the Prench with regard to con- Girls, and the International College fiscated mission property in .lands at Smnna. The one purpose of the over which they have a mandate. schooI"is to raise up Christian leaders trained to do the Christian work Christians Win Their Case which the present conditions throughout the Near East require. AT intervals during the farming season in northern Nigeria, it is Missionary Herald. customary among the heathen Anga for the"dodo," a supposed departed AFRICA spirit, to prowl abroad. At such times all women are under penalty if they Ragged Sunday-schools in Cairo leave their houses or look upon the "dodo." Recentlv SOllie women, be- STREET Sunday-schools are being longing to a Christian household, reo- started by Christians in a number Qf sections of Cairo and the fine results clearly indicate that the Moslem children can be reached by this method

fused to hide when the "dodo" was churches are endeavoring to communi- about, but went to their farms as cate the one Gospel of their one usual. This displeased the heathen, Lord," calls for an united ministry, who took the matter to their chief. to be accomplished by the joint laying His judgment was that the head of on of hands by representatives of all the house must pay a fine, and he and the allied churches.

his household must be driven away from the village. The Christians re- Native African Pastors fused to accept his judgment, and the DAN CRAWFORD, after attending matter was taken to the district chief, an annual conference in Central a Mohammedan, who, though out- Africa, writes in characteristic fashwardly friendly, was secretly in ion about the stamina of the young native Church: "All depends on the league with the heathen in their de-' measure of backbone God has meted sire to expel the Christians. In spite out to the leaders: I mean the manly of this, the Christians' protest was so sort of pastor who seeks refuge in strong, that he gave his judgment as prayer for 'power plus power' (as follows: "No man or woman belong- they phrase it) then more of' it, and mightily. By manly, I suggest an ing to a Christian household can be compelled to hide when the 'dodo' is all round man who can use his hands about. No man can be forcibly as well as his tongue. Surely when ~jected from his house for faith in Paul spoke of 'putting off the old uhrist. Christians cannot be com- man' he did not infer a putting on the pelled to live in a particular quarter old woman? At Malambwe, then here' of a town." at Chivondo, we have two clear cases of God-given pastors. To all such The editor of Eastward Ho, in ours is only a fugitive visit compared which the incident is told, comments: with the plodding service of these , 'Having won their case, it remains needed-and-needy native pastors. Necessarily natives, for such marshes for the Christians to show that the would murder a miRsionary, a forreligion of Christ helps them to be honorable in all dealings with one another and with their neighbors."

Another Kikuyu Conference eigner, with fever and other pre- posterous enemies. Thus these out- T HE Kikuyu Conference of 1913 posts can only be held on the spot by is remembered as "having threat- twice-born men of the spot. Double ened to rend the Anglican Church in birth and double backbone will alone twain." The conference of 1922 is keep God's banner waving in the ever described as "a varied assembly, Ang- freshening breeze." lican, Presbyterian, Baptist, Method- ist, and Quaker, and others, all representing mission fields and all united Portuguese Hostility S in one great object-the formation of TARTING from Chikore in Rho- desia, and ta.king with him fifteen one great united African Church." The attainment of this object will de- native Christians, Mr. C. C. Fuller, a pend largely on the action taken by missionary of the American Board, the churches in England and America made a tour of exploration through on the resolutions passed by the con- the lowlands of Portuguese East Af- ference. The first and most impor- rica as far as Mashanga at the mouth tant of these, expressing the belief of the Sabi River. He reports a "that it is not even yet too late to dense population, the people eager to achieve in this still, to a large extent, welcome them, but the Portuguese offi- virgin field a triumph for Christ in cials unsympathetic and suspicious.

avoiding the disgrace of imposing a He pleads for the opening of a sta- perplexing and weakening sectarian- tion at Mashanga, and the Board ism upon those to whom the various would gladly graut this but for the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lack of funds. The work in Portu- he says that" after the English service guese West Airica (Angola) has been was over the Prince walked down the greatly impeded by the hostile atti- long lines of assembled village Christude of the government officials, a law tians, and in a kind and unassuming having been passed forbidding the way received their obeisances, while use of the native language in churches he stopped and shook hands with, and as well as in schools. This brought asked a few questions of, each of the evangelistic work to a standstill all white-robed Indian clergy, who were over the province. Fortunately a in charge of the various contingents. governor-general has been sent out The graciousness of the Prince will who is more friendly and the new never be forgotten by these hardy, regulation is not likely to be enforced toil-worn villagers." rigidly. A Hindu Sadhu's Prophecy Christian Endeavor in Madagascar WRITING to The Indian Standard CHRISTIAN Endeavor societies are the Rev. A. Ralla Ram speaks of putting fresh life and vigor into an intere,."ting interview he had with the churches and institutions of Mada- a Hindu ascetic at the Magh Mela in gascar. The present number of Allahabad where, says Mr. RaIla Ram, Christian Endeavorers in the island anyone can "feel the pulse of India." is 14,201. Recruits for church mem- Speaking in good English the Sadhu bership come largely through the En- said: "I'll tell you this, I believe the deavor societies, six churches report- whole of India will come to Christ. ing that 153 out of 197 accessions were Not only India, but the whole world from the Christian Endeavor organi- is to be Christian one day. The Blood zations. The members are encouraged of Christ saves. It is a wonderful to take up definite work and several and comforting teaching. I am an of the societies support evangelists old man of seventy-five. I am soon and teachers. A missionary with coming out openly to declare myself forty-two years' experience in Mada- a follower of Jesus Christ. In my gascar writes, "In the movements we borhood and youth I was a student in have recently witnessed toward Chris- the J amna High School, Allahabad. tianity we have been thankful for the Let us join in the prayer of the Lord C. E. societies and too much stress Jesus-the Lord's Prayer." cannot be laid upon their importance. " Estimates of Gandhi INDIA CERTAIN observers of conditions in India, says the Dnyanodaya, The Prince of Wales and Christians hold the view that the British Gov- ernment "has a policy but unfor- T HE visit of the Prince of Wales tunately no prophet to champion it, to Lahore in l"ebruary was made while Gandhiism has its prophet but memorable by the assembling in his no worthy policy." A Calcutta conhonor of Indian Christians from all temporary describes Gandhi as "a parts of the Punjab, many of whom sincere visionary, but a political bung: ,had seen service in Mesopotamia. leI', who makes colossal mistakes and Canon Guilford, who writes in East- owns up" and goes on to say of him: ward Ho of their arrival, says: "He sincerely believes in non-violence, "Those who saw them en route from first because it is the religious law the station will not soon forget the of Ahimsa and second because the sight or their jubilant cry, not of (Gandhi ki jai' (Victory to Gandhi) J but of 'Prabhu Yisu Masih ki jai' (Victory to the I~ord Jesus Christ.) ." British guns are too strong; he be- On Sunday in the Lahore Cathedral, lieves in fasting, first because it strengthens the will, and second be- cause it frightens his wayward

friends; he believes in Khaddar, first unknown errand; and always the because it raises the dignity of manual flotsam of the great city drifts to a work. and second because it kills temporary haven there on the broad Mall chester ; he believes in water, porticoes of the temple buildings." first because it promotes health, and second because it kills the Excise; he CHINA believes in touchability, first because it is fair to the lower castes, and sec- A Governor'. Proclamation ond because it increases his following; he believes in the Shastras to READERS of the REVIEW are ra- Recure the support or Heaven, and in miliar with the name of Feng Yiithe K O'ran to' secure the support or hsiang, first known as "China's the Mohammedans." Christian General," now as " the first Christian Governor in China." Functions of a Siamese Temple 'fhe Bible Society Record quotes the following proclamation which he is- A RECENT article in Asia de- sued Aoon arter becoming tuchun or scribes the various ways in which the province of Shensi: a Siamese temple and its compound meets the varied need of the com- "The Provisional Constitution of munity: "The inhabitant of Bang- the Republic of China sets forth that kok thinks of his wat (temple) as a the people of China shall be free to spacious park, dotted more or less devote themselves to whatsoever relithickly with rest-houses, where a gion their conscience dictates to them, weary man may sleep away the no matter whether they follow the heated hours or the day; with phra- teachings of Jesus Christ, of Confuchedee-little or big spires set out to cius, or the faiths of Buddhism or commemorate a person or event long Taoism; and there shall be nothing since rorgotten; with school build- to compel a man to belo'lg to any ings; with wide-spreading bo-trees particular religion. It has been that offer grateful shade and keep the brought to my attention that rumor flags cool for hot and tired bare feet; prevails without my walls to the efwith little stone images of bizarre men fect that I intend to exclude from or beasts, with houses where gigantic Shensi all religions other than that or Buddhas dwell in mysterious semi- Christianity. Although I am a Christwilight. In each or the larger wats tian myself, this i~ absolutely groundthere are from six to fourteen temples less. I have followed our Lord Jesus and many other buildings. Some of Christ for more than ten years, and them are used for schools….. . it is with regret that I admit that I cannot put into effect many of the "Many and varied are the uses or things which are in accord with the the ordinary temple compound and truth of that religion. How then many and varied are its users: be- could I exclude other religions Y tween classes, schoolboys take a few Although a great part of the officers minutes breathing-spell thele; cooks, and soldiers of my division Imve retheir perambulating kitchens swung ceived baptism after understanding from their shoulder-poles, serve the the truth of our Lord Jesus Christ, schoolboys or any other hungry soul still there are also a large T!11mber in. who may want food-and can pay for the division who have not been bapit; soldiers or police-only the edu- tized. But these officers and soldiers cated eye can tell them apart-squat who are Christians are moreover imon the ground about a professional bued with the spirit of patriotism, gambler who is taking part of their and I, in company with them, will munificent pay, four ticals (1.48) a always treat' those who are not Chrismonth; ragged, happy urchins play tians without difference or distinction. chuck-penny; women with babies on I trust that the public will not give their ample hips walk about on some credence to this rumor, but will unite

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

with me in helping to restore the wel- Paotingfu hospital, who had married fare of the province of Shensi." a Christian wife, but who was not a Recruiting for the Ministry Christian, came and asked to be bap- tized. He declarerl that since he had T HE Chinese Student Volunteer heard the appeal of the young doctor Movement has been making a from General Feng's army he could systematic effort to enlist recruits for no longer deny his open and wholethe ministry from among teachers, hearted allegiance to Jesus Christ. .students and church workers. Pa8tor Continent .

Ding Li-mei, the Trave!ing Secretary, has made a deep impression in his Murder of Dr. Shelton F visits to the high educational schools. UJ.JLER details concerning the death of Dr. Albert L. Shelton, He has recently held conferences in thirteen centers, at two of which last the pioneer in Tibet, have come in a February more than twenty students letter from Dr. W. M. Hardy, his fel- decided to devote their lives to Chris- low worker in Batang, southwest tian work. Men are sought who are China. Dr. Shelton left Batang for mentally, physically and spiritually Gartok February 15th, planning to qualified for the work and in one see the Governor of Eastern Tibet and week of recruiting one hundred and then to return to Batang and make thirty-one students made decisions. final plans for the trip to Lhasa. At The Protestant Church in China the end of the first stage a letter came has 366,524 communicants, 9,539 evan- from the Governor asking that the gelistic centers, 4,726 organized Doctor delay his visit, as permission churches and only 1,305 Chinese pas- to make the visit must be obtained tors. There are 7,463 church schools from the Galon Lama at Chambdo.

with 239,400 students to supply the So on the morning of the 16th Dr.

need. Shelton started back to Batang. At Stirring Scenes at Paotingfu 2 P. M., when only about six miles from Batang, Dr. Shelton was rid- MANY a visitor to Paotingfu since ing in front, and just as he rounded the Boxer days has been re- a curve in the road robbers opened minded of the Latin saying, "The fire. The first shot hit the Doctor. blood of the martyrs is the seed of The other members o~ the party, the the Church." It is widely known cook, the deposed Batang Prince, and that General, now Governor Feng, the Doctor's Tibetan teacher, were traces his conversion to the impres- unhurt. The robbers in due time sion made upon him, as a young sol- sent down some of their men and dier in the crowd that was attacking drove off most of the pack animals.

the Presbyterian compound, by the The Batang Pi-ince came back to Christlike act owfasMkiislsledMtoorrreil~l who Batang as fast as possible, and Dr. just before she strip Hardy, who started at once to Dr.

from her skirt to bandage the head Shelton'~ relief, found him uncon, of a little Chinese boy who had been scious. Carrying him on a stretcher, hit by a stone thrown by the mob. the relief party brought Dr. Shelton . "'nen .John B. Ferguson visited into Batang about ten o'clock, con- Paotingfu last summer, he saw eight- scious and in pain, having been met ori een young people received into the the way by about a hundred people, Presbyterian Church, and heard a . who wanted to help carry the stretcher striking address by Dr. Liu, a· young or light the way with pine torches.

doctor in General Feng's army, who He died shortly after midnight.

had been a student in Paotingfu,as "The cause of the whole matter, l'

had also his wife, a very beautiful says Dr. Hardy, "is the inability of girl, who recently died. One of his the Chinese officials to governt~is listeners, a young physician in the part of the country_ . This place is

within six or seven miles of Batang, hair down his back and paid him $1.50 but the officials and soldiers roll an- per month to work in the clinic and other opium pill every time a fight do dressings. Today he is a graduate takes place on the pass and say it is doctor and has gone to America to do too bad!!!" post-graduate study. Fourteen years ago there was a little black-eyed girl JAPAN-CHOSEN here who proved to be bright and studious. She went through school, A Japanese Tribute married the above doctor and now for three years she has taught the mis- AN English composition, wrItten by sionary children music on the piano. a Japanese student in Genesee She also runs a big night school and is Wesleyan Seminary pays the follow- one of the finest teachers in Korea." ing tribute to a Japanese Christian Minister in his own country: ' ,His Dr. Wilson, after enumerating house is known by young men who some of the superstitious native cushave trouble and by poor and sick toms connected with illness, wrote: people. These people are comforted bv him. He sometimes eats dinner "Christianity is fast making great ';ith tramps who are here today but changes in these old, foolish ideas." tomorrow are some other place. When they apply to him for money for MISCELLANEOUS their travel he gives money to them with joy. Some of them once asked What $100 Will Do Abroad him to sleep in the church, and he answered them, 'The church is a holy T HE expense of conducting misplace; you must not sleep there, but sionary work in foreign lands varyou can sleep in my house.' Every summer he invites to his house the ies, as it does in America, according to Chinese students who are studying in Japan. He said American people the location, the Board, the type of help the poor Japanese who are studying in America, and we Japanese workers paid, the salaries and the rate ought to help Chinese students who are lonesome, just like Americans do. of other expenditures. Missionary He said that peace cannot be made in this world by statesmen, but we salaries, for instance, differ greatly in Christians can make peace by our love of God. Every Friday he and Central Africa and in Japan; the his family go without food so that they can give to the poor people….. payment for native workers varies ac- I have learned many lessons from him which I should never forget. I can- cording to the Mission and the counnot write his character with my poor pen." tarny~geasn,dstchheooclosstanodf maintaining orph- hospitals depends Transformed 'Lives on the number and quality of teachers, DR. R. M. WILSON, of Kwangju, Korea, who has just returned for the price of food and other supplies his second furlough, wrote, just before leaving Korea: "It is most won- and the equipment maintained. The derful to see the great improvement that has taken place in the lives of following, however, gives some idea of these people even during the past fourteen vears. When I first came how far, on the average, $100 will go out I pick~d up a small boy with long in Foreign Missions.

1. Support a. single missionary for one month.

2. Support two children in an orphanage or boarding school for one year.

3. Conduct a school of three hundred pupils for one day.

4. Provide for two free beds in a hospital for one year.

5. Supply 2,000 tracts and the cost of their distribution.

6. Pay the rent for two chapels or halls for a year.

7. Support a native evaugelist or col- porteur for one year. (In Japan it costs $300 or more.) 8. Support two Bible women for one year.

9. Support a small mission station for one day.

10. Allow a missionary to take a needed month's rest.

MIlSSXONAllY J[JBRARY

Directory of Protestant Missions in China, When such a Japanese writes about 1921. China Continuation Committee, the relation of Japan's Pacific policy Shanghai. to China and the Far East as affected by the Washington Conference on the In this pamphlet of 360 pages we Limitation of Armaments, hi~ book find, as usual, the list of missionary should have thoughtful attention. He societies, stations, missionaries and deals with the questions of naval national organizations in China. It is armament, the new treaties, the riddle an invaluable help to every editor and of China, the Shantung dispute, Simissionary officer.

Fundamentals of Christianity. By Henry beria, and the open door. Fifteen ap- C. Vedder. 8vo. 250 pp. The M'acmillan pendices give specific data and official Co. 1922. documents. The author frankly says: Professor Vedder of Crozier Theo- "Japan has gone home from the Washlogical Seminary has here ende'av- ington Conference on probation. Although ored to give us a study of the char- she made a fairly good impression at the acter and teachings of Jesus and Paul. Conference, that impression is, as I see it, neither profound nor durable. What Amer- He omits all discussion of the birth ica and Europe will really think of her will of Christ, the miracles and th~ resur- depend upon what she does in China and rection. The l'undamentals III Pro- Siberia in the coming few years. If Japan fessor Vedder's mind are Jesus' withdraws her troops from Siberia without delay-if she conforms to the spirit of the revelation of God and of human rela- policy adopted by the Conference with retionships. He accepts the divine son- gard to China-if she proves herself more ship of Jesus but considers that far-sighted and generous in dealing with her Christian theology is really Pauline neighbors, the good impression she has made at Washington will not only endure but will theology. His conclusions are not grow better. Let her, in addition, reduce satisfying to those who believe in the her army and curb the power of her milifinal authority of the Bible. tarists without awaiting an international agreement on land armament, and the Japan's Pacific Policy. By K. K. Kawa· world's estimate of her statesmanship and kami. 8vo. 380 pp. $5.00. E. P. Dut· good sense will become immeasurably ton and Company, New York. 1922. higher. If, on the other hand, Japan clings to old ideas and practices in dealing with Students of Japan and the related Siberia and 0hina, what success she has probl~ms of the Far East long since learned that any publication of Mr. Echieved at Washington will be immediately Kawakami is worthv of serious con- set at nanght." sideration. He is a Japanese of abili- ty, wide informatio? and exceptional This is a candid statement to come experience as a wrIter and has pub- lished several volumes which are of from an influential Japanese, al- large value. His newspaper and magazine articles are literally almost though it should be added that he beyond count. While thoroughly loyal to his native land, he makes an ear- follows it by an equally candid inti- nest effort to understand the point of view of other nations and does not mation that Japan is not the sole or hesitate to criticIze his own govern- ~. ment and its officials whenever he Powers and that some of them have also done things in their international relations that are open to severe criticism.

Mysterious Japan. By Julian Street. Il- lustrated. 8vo. 348 pp. $4_00. Double- day Page and Company, Garden City. 1922. .

In distinct contrast to Mr. Kawa- thinks that they are wrong. kami, the author of this volume does 591

not attempt a discussion of the serious Wonders of Missions. By Caroline Atwater problems of Japan and the Far East. Mason. 8vo. 345 pp. $2.00. George H. It is rather the bright, impressionist Doran Co. New York. 1922. book of a popular magazine writer who has rambled through Japan and With the charm for which her writwho describes what he saw and heard. ings are noted, Mrs. Mason tells stories The pages scintillate with wit and of Carey, Duff, Morrison, Judson, humor. He concerns himself with the Goodell, Moffat, Hamlin, Siessor, scenic beauty of Japan, its chrysan- Chalmers, Verbeck and a dozen other famous missionaries and native Christhemums and cherry blossoms, its tians. They are literary narratives snow-crowned Fujiama, the cottages rather than slavishly literal historical and cities and manners and customs records but they are true to fact and give a vivid picture of scenes in the of the Japanese people. In fresh and wonderland of missions. These stories picturesque style, Mr. Street recounts should act as appetizers, leading readers to satisfy their taste by feedhis varied experiences in such an at- ing more fully on the missionary histractive way that even the most jaded tories and biographies from which thesp tid-bits are taken. reader of books on travel will enjoy this book.