The Missionary Review of the World — December 1936

1936

A Young Church in Old Egypt E. E. Elder What Results in Central Africa?

Virginia M. Clarke The Evangelistic Value of Medical Work Rolla E. Hoffman Wanted, A Demonstration of Unity John J. Banninga Sen Lai Tsang, Missionary to Korea Mrs. C. S. Deming Home Missions in Modern America E. D. Kohlstedt Roman Activity in Pagan Africa Kenneth G. Grubb 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember CHl1Rc:H Here Is t:he

M"N"GEMENT> Christ:mas Present: for Your December 9-11 – Biennial meetiDg, Federal Council of Churches, As- Past:or and Missionary bury Park, N. J. '::~::."~: ,. ~~: :.W GIVE him a year's suhscription to Church Janu.ary 4-6–Committee on Women's Management. A hright, dynamic profes- Work of the Foreign Missions Con- ference of North America, Asbury sional magazine for clergymen which keeps Park, New Jersey. them in touch with the newest developments January 6-8-Foreign Missions Con- ference of North America, Asbury in the home field. Park, New Jersey. A recently added "Minister's Wife Department" brings in material January 11-14, 1937 – Annual Meet- on programs and methods for the women's activities in the church. ings, Home Missions Council and The Council of Women for Home $2.50 per year; $1.25 for six months Missions. Asbury Park, N. J. (We will send an attractive gift card to your heneficiary if you so request) February 8-13-International Council of Religious Education, Executive CHURCH MANAGEMENT Committee and Associated Meetings. Chicago, Ill. Auditorium Building :: Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL PREACHING Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Mrs. A. L. Wiley, Presbyterian MISSION sions. For almost 60 years, Dr. Mc- missionary of Ratnagiri, India, on Afee has maintained some form of June 23, received the Kaiser-i-Hind Nov. 29-Dec. 2-Philadelphia. official connection with the foreign medal, third class, in recognition of Dec. 3-6–Boston. missionary enterprise of the Presby- her faithful work among the children Dec. 6-9-New York City. terian Church in the U. S. A.-first as in that area. Many tiny tots have Foreign Missions chairman of his grown to Christian manhood and FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- presbytery and then, in succession, ARY ASSEMBLIES synodical chairman, Board member, . womanhood under her care. October, and for the past six years, one of its January 16-19, 1937-Jacksonville. 1936, marked the end of 41 years of January 19-20–Lake City. • • • secretaries. service which she has given in India. January 20-22-Daytona Beach. Dr. John A. Rodgers, Secretary January 20-22-DeIand. for Annuities and Special Gifts on the … … January 23-27-Miami. Presbyterian Board of National Mis- January 26-27-Ft. Lauderdale. sions, retired on October 1. .T~e Rev. Charl~s Hodge Corbett, January 27-29-Palm Beaches. mInIster of educatlOn of Bay Ridge January 30-February 2-Orlando. ••• Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., February 2-4-Winter Haven. has been elected to succeed the late February 4-5-Ft. Myers. Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee as editor of February 4-5-Sarasota. The Presbyteri4n Tribune'. He was a February 6-11-St. Petersburg. missionary in China for seventeen February 7-1o-Clearwater. years, teaching in the North China February 10-12-Tampa. Union College. He returned to Amer- February 13-16–Tallahassee. ica in 1925.

Dr. Charles E. Maddry, a secretary of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mis- Personal Itellls sion Board, is home after a tour of Rt. Rev. Frederick Rogers Graves, the Board's missions in South Amer- ica. of the American Episcopal Church, • •• has been asked to continue hiB service in China where he has been for fiftyfive years. He had submitted his Mrs. A. K. Reischauer, of the Pres- Obituary Notes resignation because of advancing age byterian Mission in Japan, has been (now 78) but the House of Bishops awarded a special diploma for distin- The Rt. Rev. HoefnrMy eDxaicmo,eredlieAdveis~ asked him to hold on until the general guished service to the deaf. She was retired Bishop the pioneer in introducing oral educa- Houston, Texas, September 20, in his • • convention. • tion for the deaf in Japan, and 83d year. He had retired in 1928 founded the deaf-oral school, "Nippon Working quietly and steadily for 20 Geo. Evangeline Booth left Lon- Rowa Gakko," in Tokyo. years, during a period of one revoludon in November to undertake a world campaign, calling first at Port Said .::sFREE FOT tionary ~risis after another, Bishop to inspect one of the newest Salvation Min;"eT. Aves guIded the struggling missions Army centers. She expects to spend of the Episcopal Church in Mexico more than a month, including Christ- Why God Used D. L. Moody isnatmoestoilmidearmitiyniasntedrinsgtretnogtthh~' at the mas, in India, and conduct no fewer By R. A. Torrey British than sixty-five public gatherings at and American colonies in the critical various centers. The General will The Shorter Life of D. L. Moody years when open warfare was an al- Itllend six days in Ceylon, thence to By Paul R. Moody and A. P. Fitt most constant threat. Java, Singapore, Hongkong, Shanghai and Peiping. She will go on to Th_ two hooks will he given [0 the fint 1000 * … … Korea, reaching Japan on March 10, miniatere who will agree to conduct a "'Moody Day" and return to England across the lervice on Sunday, February 7, 1937, and win Dr. Bruce Kinney, recently retired preach an appropriate message in oheenance of the as on!! of the representatives of the United States. .> . . CeDtenary of D. L. Moody's birth. ~merIc~n ~aptist Home Mission So- CIety, dIed In Cleveland, Ohio, on Oc- Dr. Cleland Boyd McAfee reached W,.ite A. F. GaylorJ. Director tober 15. He was for 43 years a minhis 70th birthday on September 26, D. L. MooJy Centenary Celebration. ister .of Christ and 38 years ago was and on that date retired from the secretaryship for Japan, Siam, Chosen The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago w: appomted as a frontier missionary in and the Philippine Islands under the 153 INSTITUTE PLACE CHICAGO. ILL. the e~ whe!e he was superintendent of mISSIons In Utah and Wyoming (Concluded on 3d CO'IJer.) REVIEW OF THE WORLD High Speed DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor at Low Cost VOL.LIX DEC., 1936 No. 12 Speed is often so important when crossing to the Orient. That's-why Publication and Business Office– busy travellers go by Empress. You Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. go faster . . . in maximum comfort . . . and at surprisingly low cost. Editorial and Executive Office- 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. Only 10 days to Yokohama by Entered as second-class matter at Empress of Asia or Empress of Russia. Or via Honolulu in just 3 Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under days more by Empress of Japan Act of March 3, 1879. (largest, fastest liner on the Pa~ific) or Empress of Canada. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. low round-trip fares . . . First, Publlsbed monthly, except August. Tourist and Third Class. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, When your Call London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year.

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by Willard

LISTENING TO THE GOSPEL ON THE BANKS OF THE NILE (REV. OSCAR BOYD PREACHING FROM THE IBIS) Photograph by Willard Price EAGER LIDARNERS IN THE BOYS' SCHOOL, ALEXANDRIA BUILDING MATERIAL FOR THE CHURCH IN EGYPT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1936 Topics of the Times THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE OF PEACE sponsible for the war spirit. Russia, the commu- nistic Union of Soviet Republics, denies God's au- Thousands of sermons will be preached in thority and ideals and depends on armaments to Christian pulpits on Christmas Sunday, advocat- maintain peace with neighbors and within her own ing "Peace on earth, goodwill among men." But, borders.. Japan, the militaristic monarchy, seeks while God is the God of Peace, and the Gospel is to attain her ends by regimentation and force of the Gospel of Peace, Christ distinctly said, arms. Germany and Italy, the fascist totalitarian "Think not that I am come to send peace on earth; states, declare for an "armed peace," with their I 'came not to send peace, but a sword." This armaments able to defy all antagonists. Even startling statement has been proved true, for England and America are joining in the race. strife has characterized national life during the There may be an armed truce, and a restraint whole Christian era-though war is contrary to from active warfare, but it is due to fear of force Christ's mission of peace. and not to the spirit of friendly harmony which Look over the world. Never were nations so fe- underlies all true peace.

verishly arming themselves and preparing for war What then is the Christmas message of peace?

as they are today; never was so much spent on It is that Christ came to proclaim God's love and armaments and war materials; never have there His desire that men should cease from rebellion been so many wars and rumors of wars-political, against His will and should be at peace with Him.

economic, social and religious. This is in spite of This is the only effective basis of "peace among the influence and ideals of Christ and the peace men." The sword of strife will be sheathed, or propaganda and pacifist movements. There can turned into a plowshare of peace, when men join be no doubt that Christ desires peace, but if He in allegiance to Christ and yield their wills and came to establish general peace among men and their lives and their possessions to the Will of nations, there does not seem to have been much God. There is no other way ; all peace movements progress toward reaching His objective. Never- promoted on any otlier basis are futile. As long theless God is the God of Peace; Christ preached as men fight against God they will naturally fight peace and bequeathed His peace to His disciples, against one another, if they can and dare. "There and they "preached peace by Jesus Christ" (Acts is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked." God 10: 36). and the State cannot both rule supreme over men's What, then, is the answer to the present prob- wills; neither can both God and self be supreme.

lem ·of disunity and strife in the world? The an- The most effective emissaries and promoters of swer is that there is only one basis of human peace on earth today are not "pacifists" who decry peace and that is "peace with God." The reason all conflict, or social workers who merely seek to for the "sword" that divided households as the bring about better living conditions. but they are result of Christ's coming to earth over nineteen the peacemakers who are recognized as "children hundred years ago-and that still divides families of God"; they are the Christian missionaries and and nations-is the fact that men are out of har- others who are seeking to win men to Christ and mony with God., We have neglected the one neces- to a life in harmony with God's will. Christ came sary basis of unity. As long as we-as individuals primarily to save men from sin-the sin of disoor as nations-are each seeking selfish ends, so bedience to the Will of God. He proclaimed for- long will we fear one another and put our trust giveness and peace by His sacrifice on the Cross in armaments. No one form of government is re- and so opened the Way of Life in God.

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Christmas is a time to preach peace, but only ity, must be taught in the home, the school, the the peace of God based on loving obedience to His church and the place of business. Law must be revealed will and manifested by love to our fellow shown to be not an enemy to liberty but a protec- men. It is love that brings peace because love tion and an ally to progress.

works no ill to one's neighbor. The Star of Beth- (7) Belief in God as a loving Heavenly Father, lehem and the Cross of Calvary are both the Chris- . and the just Ruler of human affairs, must be tian symbols of peace. taught to children from their earliest years. The movie and the streets often make crime seem easy, STILLING THE CRIME WAVE pleasant and profitable. Self-control and rever- ence for God must be shown by precept and ex- The government, social reformers, parents and ample as the Way of Life that brings happiness Christians everywhere are greatly disturbed be- and success. cause of the extent of crime and its spread in all Public libraries must be purged from unwholeparts of the world. The cost of crime in the some books and newsstands must be cleared of United States is estimated at thirteen billion dol- papers that present low ideals and lawless heroes. lars a year, seven times as much as we spend for Good reading is more influential than most forms education. The number of condemned criminals of good advice. It is a matter of record that only in penal institutions runs into hundreds of thou- two per cent of criminals!, when brought to trial, sands and lawbreakers out of jail are even more have been active members of any church. numerous. The worst feature of the situation is that youthful criminals are increasing. In Great As the basic cause of crime and lawlessness is Britain, a recent report states that forty per cent sin, so the only cure for these evils is a. turning of the crimes were committed by persons under to God and an intelligent regard for His laws. twenty-one years of age; and the situation is even The New Testament gives us three definitions of sinworse in America. The chief causes of crime and lawlessness are (1) "Sin is transgression of the law"-a posi- tive disobedience to the revealed Will of God. idleness, ignorance, lack of high moral standards, broken homes, a desire to obtain money for power (2) "Whosoever knoweth to do good and doeth and: self-indulgence, and· an antipathy to all re- it not to him it is sin" ;-it is failure to follow the straints. But the basic causes of lawlessness are light we have. selfishness and a disregard for God as the Heavenly Father and Lawgiver. (3) "Whatsoever is not of faith is sin"-it is doing what we believe to be wrong, and failure What then is the cure for the present-day law- to live in harmony with faith in God as He is relessness and crime? Prof. Robert H. Miller of vealed in Jesus Christ. Manchester College, Indiana, gives a seven-point program: It has been the experience, both of individuals and of communities, that when the Gospel of Christ is accepted, and men take Him as their (1) Increased appropriations for education. Saviour and Lord, crime and lawlessness disap- Chicago has established a special school for "in- pear and men become good neighbors and good corrigible" boys-a school that instructs and citizens. This is evidenced in the word that has keeps them busy with wholesome technical train- recently come of the transformation of a very ing and recreation. . primitive, lawless people of Papua (in the South (2) Keep young folks busy. Do not let them Seas) . These people were sorcerers and took a be idle and out of work. Six million between the pride in murder. Their women all refused to acages of sixteen and twenty-one are now out of cept a man as a husband until he had murdered school and out of work. someone. They were superstitious and ignorant (3) Vocational training-teach every child to in mind and filthy of body. They were shiftless use his or her hands and mind in some useful em- and poor, and filled with fear and enmity. The ployment-something creative in which he or she Australian Government attempted to control. to can find satisfaction. discipline, to cajole or to punish offenders but (4) The Church must increase her ministry to without success. All the men served jail sentences youth-in the home, school, church and business. and then returned to their old life. Then came Environment must be improved and leisure hours messenger§ of the Gospel of Christ-people of occupied to profit. their own race who had experienced Christ's (5) Punishment for wrongdoing must be made transforming nower. These messengers did not more sure. swift and fitted to the crime. Senti- begin by teaching the savages to build better ment must not interefere with justice. Youth houses and to make better gardens, nor did they must learn that crime does not pay but that crimi- begin by teaching them the evils of crime and adnals do. vantages of law observance. They simply told (6) Respect for law, and for those in author. them of their own experience of Christ, the Son

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

of God, who so loved them that He came to give 800,000 people in Travancore moving Christward. His life for them; they revealed the effect of His The leaders express a desire to see their whole love and His power in their own lives by their un- community embrace Christianity and a large selfish, joyful service. The pagans were astound- body of Indian Christians have offered to give ed at this new way of peace and power and they their services as volunteer evangelists and teachresponded to the teaching. Before long they de- ers for this ingathering. The difficulty is to care stroyed their paraphernalia of sorcery, gave up for their transportation and training. "Hundreds their evil ways and began a new life. Crimes of of villages are crying out for teachers and tens violence and theft and sins of impurity have now of thousands are seeking Christ." The awakening been discarded. Of their own accord whole vil- is reported also in the Punjab, the United Provlages now rise early in the morning, go for their inces and elsewhere. The Bishop of Dornakal bath and have their "quiet time" to learn God's estimates that in his district alone one million will. They have discarded fighting and send their people are moving Christward. children to school; some have built new, clean villages, with communal gardens, and live as one The opportunity and challenge is likely to grow great family. during the coming months as the disillusioned Untouchables seek some escape from the oppres- Here is an example of the natural fruit of Chris- sive bonds of Hinduism-already they are turntian teaching, without any attempt to coerce or ing to Christ and asking for baptism at the rate persuade the people to accept any specified rules of 15,000 every month. This is influencing the or regulations. These former savages are al- caste Hindus also as they see the new birth and ready an example to civilized America and the re- new life of those whom they have despised. sults have astounded government officials. Where are teachers to be found to train these "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is lib- open-minded seekers? The Indian churches are erty." He who stilled the stormy waves on the poor and the mission boards are still short of Sea of Galilee is the One who can still the crime needed funds. There is still money available for wave today, if men will but obey Him, as did the the things men want most. The boards at home winds and the sea. might unite in presenting the facts to Christian stewards at home and offer, if suitable teachers MEETING THE CHALLENGE OF INDIA are found who will volunteer to give their time, to finance one-half the expense for their board Because of its ancient culture, the number of and travel for a five year campaign if the Indian religions, the size of its population and the multi- churches will care for the other half. The mistude of its unevangelized villages, India presents sionary forces in these areas also need strengtha peculiar and powerful challenge to the Church ening- and new vernacular literature must be supof Christ. The first Christian testimony is re- plied for the growing churches. ported to have come to India nearly 1900 years ago and Christian missions have been carried on It would be unwise for American and British there for the last six hundred years. Protestant Christians to assume the whole financial responsiwork began in 1706 and the first British mission- bility and control but they can still act as true aries entered one hundred and forty years ago; partners of the Indian churches in the work of yet today not more than one in one hundred of winning and training these under-privileged the people are even nominal Christians and the classes for Christ. Prayer circles should also be number of non-Christians is at least double that started in churches at home and in India. The of 100 years ago. The encouraging fact is that National Christian Council and the National Misthe knowledge of Christ and His teachings has sionary Society of India might be the clearing permeated India and the general attitude of the house for a united campaign that will be cooperapeople has changed from one of bitter hostility tive and will avoid waste and overlapping effort. to one of respect and inquiry. "The task before the Church in India. is tremen- dous," says the Bishop of DornakaI. "It will tax Christian missions are largely responsible for all our available resources; but God is our partner the development of modern education in India, and will not fail. In the work of His Kingdom for the advance in modern medical service and nothing is impossible." for the elevation of women and children. The British Government has promoted peace, justice, DISAPPOINTED CANDIDATES education and economic betterment. Candidates for political office are not the only Great mass movements toward Christ have been ones who suffer disappointment when election reported in many places during the past fifty time passes. Missionary candidates are also too years, with whole villages of the Depressed often disappointed-sometimes even after their Classes ready to come under Christian instruc- election, but more often because of failure to be tion. Today the Rev. T. G. Stuart Smith reports selected and given a field of service.

Among the elect some are disappointed when mission field. One applied who had nursing qualithey reach their field, because they find that they fications, but not the spirit Of Christ. She was are not adapted to the work or field assigned. sent at large expense but within one year had In spite of carefully prepared candidate papers to be recalled after having done harm rather than and examinations, their physical, mental or spir- good. A lesson was learned. When a doctor apitual equipment may be inadequate. Others, who plied for the same field, a frank letter was sent have an ambition to devote their lives to preach- to him, setting forth plainly the difficulties of ing the Gospel to the unsaved, are sometimes pioneering without much modern equipment; he called upon to fill vacancies in schools or colleges was warned of the financial sacrifices necessary, to teach purely secular subjects-and little time the problems involved in living in a small intimate and strength is left for evangelism. One mission- circle, the need for vital prayer life and Bible ary in India bewailed the fact that an under- searching, and the fact that evangelism by word staffed teaching force in the mission college neces- and life is the primary work of the mission in sitated his being called to teach and to neglect which all were expected to take a part. That evangelistic work for which he had volunteered. doctor went prepared for what he was to face. Or the business or executive end of the mission may be so absorbing that there seems little or no Disappointments of candidates and in canditime for purely Gospel work. dates, and disappointments on the mission field and at home cannot always be avoided but they Disillusionment also sometimes comes because can be greatly lessened by greater care in the of false ideas of missionary life gained from ro- study of the fields, more frankness in dealing mantic authors and speakers who present the with candidates and more earnest prayer and cause at home. The needs, opportunities and sacrifice, with a determination to know and follow rewards, of field work are sometimes so attrac- the spirit and mind of Christ in the work to tively presented that young men and women vol- which He has called us. The missionary enterunteer who are not ready to endure the hardness prise is not a human undertaking but a divine of pioneering, who do not realize the difficulties calling to follow a divine Leader. No man or of the field to which they are going; they are woman, called of God to work for Jesus Christ in not prepared for the disappointments due to work- the salvation of men, need be idle or disappointed ing with and for uncongenial and unresponsive because of lack of support and opportunity. Even people, or to live without the comforts and cul- invalids may have a great part in the work tural opportunities of the homeland. through prayer and gifts and personal testimony wherever their lot is cast. "For if there be first Other disappointed candidates are those who a willing mind, it is accepted according to what never reach the field because no one will take the a man has, not according to what he has not." responsibility for sending and supporting them. But at times general appeals come from the field D. L. MOODY CENTENARY which arouse interest that cannot be harnessed to action. A recent article appeared in THE REVIEW The life of D. L. Moody, the famous Evangelist, which told of the religious destitution in many finds its lengthening influence in the Moody Bible districts, in Maine. Two missionary-minded Chris- Institute of Chicago, founded by him fifty years tian teachers wrote to the author of the article, ago. The year 1937 will witness a world-wide offering their services freely to conduct summer celebration of the centenary of the birth of the Daily Vacation Bible Schools. The reply failed great Christian evangelist and educator. His to mention any needy towns or any way of serv- ministries in Great Britain and America added ice. Disappointment and failure was the result. many thousands to the ranks of those accepting A similar experience is noted with regard to of- Christ as Saviour and awakened sleeping profers to help other churchless communities in the fessors of the Christian faith to vital action. United States. The Hartford Band has offered to go to any needy field but no one is ready to On February 2, 1936, nearly six hundred send them. churches in the United States and six other lands, celebrated "Moody Day" with heart-kindling serv- What is the remedy for these disappointments? ices that resulted in the winning of many to Christ Is it not first to be found in accurate information? and in aw!kening or deepening interest in the The fields must be studied in detail, as Robert study of the Word of God, and the winning of Arthington studied them, so that the facts will souls. Another "Moody Day," with a much wider be known; the candidates must be studied indi- observance, will be celebrated on the centenary vidually as to fitness and they must be fully in- of Mr. Moody's, birth, February 7, 1937. It is formed as to facts. There is no excuse for hoped that more than a thousand pastors and knowingly sending out unqualified candidates churches will join in prayer and action for the merely because a place needs to be filled. One spiritual good of all who participate. case in point-a nurse was sorely needed on a

A Young Church in Old Egypt*

By the REV. E. E. ELDER, Cairo Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church T HIS young Protestant Church in Egypt, the Christian church as the ultimate aim. The city cradle of one of the oldest civilizations, has of Assiut, 250 miles south of Cairo, and a strong passed its seventy-fifth birthday on April 13, Coptic center became his base of operation. A last year. The first American missionaries ar- number of vigorous churches sprang up in the rived in Cairo a little over eighty years. ago. In southland and by 1885, a year before his death, five years portions of Arabic Scripture and reli- there were in all Egypt nineteen organized con- gious books were dirstributed, a few mission gregations-six of them having pastors of their schools started and religious services organized. own. Most of these congregations were in the In September, 1859, the Lord's Supper was first immediate vicinity of Assiut, although there were administered by missionaries using the Arabic also mission workers in Alexandria and Cairo.

language and the first four converts were received The total membership was about 1,700.

into the evangelical fellowship. These included During the second quarter century many other a Coptic monk, an Armenian, a Syrian and an towns and villages further north in the neighbor- Egyptian. The first Evangelical congregation hood of Minya and al-Kom al-Akhdar, towns midwas organized in Cairo in 1863 and that- same way between Assiut and Cairo, were opened to year the Presbytery arranged for training classes evangelical preaching. The number of missionto prepare young men for Christian service. aries connected with the American Mission in- From these small beginnings, three-quarters of creased about threefold, some of them being loa century ago, there has de,veloped a church which cated in the great unevangelized centers of the numbers over 21,000 members, meeting in 143 Delta where more than half the population of organized congregations and 201 unorganized Egypt lives. Struggling churches, dependent circles. Of these congregations 114 have their largely on the encouragement and guidance of the own ministers; fifty-nine are self-supporting, and missionary, were organized in the provincial capcontribute to the general work of Synod. itals. A few months ago the editor of one of the prom- During this middle period the number of stuinent religious weeklies of America visited the dents in the Sunday Schools grew steadily until seminary for the training of pastors and was in- in 1910 there were almost 17,000 enrolled. At terested to learn that the building was erected al- the turn of the century the presbytery was dimost entirely from funds collected in Egypt by vided into four presbyteries and they in turn were the Egyptians. He was happily surprised to find organized into the Synod of the Nile. From the that the inscription over the building did not read, very early days of the American Mission's efforts, "The Seminary of United Presbyterian Church of Egyptian cooperation and leadershiJf had been the North America," but "The Theological Seminary longed for goal. By the close of these twenty-five of the Evangelical Church." years a plan had been formulated looking to finan- The seventy-five years of the Evangelical cial independence of the EgYl>tian Church. Church's history may be roughly divided into By 1910, seventy-two organized churches with three equal periods. During the first twenty-five many other centers could boast of more than years the dominant figure in the development of eleven thousand members. Twenty-two were self- Evangelical Christianity was Dr. John Hogg, a supporting.

Scotchman who believed that the method of win- The third quarter of the church's history conning the Moslem population to Christ was to evan- tinues the increase in organizations in the southgelize the Coptic Christians. Often a stumbling- land, but the remarkable growth again moved block to Moslems, they had long since lost under northward. At the opening of these last twentypersecution any incentive to preach the Gospel. To five years there was but one ordained Egyptian gain Egypt for his Lord, Dr. Hogg thought not pastor in Cairo. In March, 1912, just seventeen only of converting individual souls but of planting years after his ordination, another minister was an independent, self-sustaining, self-propagating called to become the pastor of a second congrega- • See Frontispiece. tion in the capital city. In March, 1929, the Prot- [567 ]

estant leaders of Cairo were gathered for the or- pose for His Kingdom knows no boundary of dination of another Evangelical pastor over a geography or race of social position or former church newly organized. One of the speakers re- religious loyalty. Facing the 13,000,000 Egyptian minded the audience that during the seventeen Moslems, we know that the work is far from be- years seven more congregations had been organ- ing completed. Just now the great problem of ized. If one is surprised at the remarkable our American economic life is the reemployment growth of these seventeen years, he may be of people without work. No one would consider amazed to learn that in the six years that have that the problem for 13,000,000 unemployed was since elapsed five other congregations have been solved by putting a meagre 50,000 to work. The formed, thus bringing the total of Evangelical present Evangelical Church in Egypt is only the congregations in Cairo and suburbs up to four- "seed corn" of an abundant harvest.

teen. All but four are financially independent. The young church, with all its strength and One of them, in addition to supporting the usual leadership, is still weak because of the conditions church work of a city congregation conducts a that surround it. Christians in America, although thriving day school for girls, and gave in 1934, largely outnumbering the Jews, have had little $850 to the mission work of the Nile Valley. success in persuading them to acknowledge and Many movements in the Church show that the follow as Lord One who was of their own race.

aim of the early missionaries for a self-govern- In Egypt the small Evangelical Church, drawn ing, self-propagating church was being realized. largely from the ancient Coptic race, is confronted A Laymen's and Elders' Society, organized in with an overwhelming Moslem majority whose 1918, contains the following paragraph in its first history is full of bigotry and persecution. How annual report: much more difficult is it to persuade members of The work in the cities and districts has steadily pro- a proud majority to accept teaching presented by gressed. There have been fruits of a spiritual awakening, a vigorous yet suspicioned minority of a despised the grace of giving, and"the spirit of brotherhood. May we not be able to prove to America that we are a worthy people. It is hard to find a strong enough analogy child able to carryon the plans of the church by the to picture the extreme difficulty of winning Mosstrength we have gained from her. Our Egyptian Church lem Egypt to Christ. Imagine what would be the now spends $75,000 annually on its work, why should it situation in America if the Negro population were still continue to beg $5,000 from the church in America commissioned to win the white people to a differfor the work of Synod when by fostering the Laymen'~ ent religion than that which they now profess. It and Elders' Movement we may be able to arrive at self- would be twenty times harder if only one in support and progress towards the greater work of reach- twenty of the Negroes had even a slight conceping the millions of unsaved in Egypt for the glory of the Lord. tion of the reality of their commission. Add to In 1926 the Synod assumed full responsibility that what would be the case if the convert must for the education of its ministry and the new not only change his religion but his social posi- Seminary building was occupied. One of the tion, his family relations and even his race. We missionaries has acted as chairman of the faculty might say, "We know the Negro has deeper reliand another serves on the Board. In Basil Mat- gious emotions than white men, but must we bethews' "Forerunners of a New Age," an inter- come Negroes in order to follow his religion?" pretative report of the 1934 Conference on Train- The thinking Moslem may admit the excellence of ing of the Ministry of the Younger Churches, he Christ's teaching, but very often he questions its expresses an fdeal that fits the situation in Egypt. application to him.

The real shaping of the life of a seminary-if it is to Missionary retrenchments and withdrawals of produce a life-giving ministry~must be in the hands of workers have led the young church in Egypt to the people of that lang. The control must be national. wonder how keenly America appreciates the crit- But to concentrate on control as such is not the Christian ical situation in Moslem lands. The attitude of way, for fellowship is the root of the ministry, and fellow- Americans seems often to be expressed: "In sevship transcends the chasms of East and West. enty-five years a church should reach maturity.

In spite of its seventy-five years the Evangelical 'It should now be left by itself to finish the work Church of Egypt is a young church. The task so well started." The ministers of the young of bringing the teeming population of the narrow church, almost to a man, believe that foreign mis- fertile valley of the Nile and its delta into fellow- sionary help is needed to complete the work so ship with Christ, the Saviour, has only begun. well begun. The Cairo Ministers' Association On the other hand a church with a community of gave to a missionary going home on furlough the 50,000 members and adherents, with an educated following message for the church at home: "Sup- ministry and its own church buildings, is well ad- port your work abroad; send out more mission- vanced towards the Christian ideal. Christ's pur- aries."

Results in Central Africa?

By VIRGINIA M. CLARKE, Bolenge, Africa Teacher in the Congo Christian Institute JOHN A. MACKAY has said that, "the evangel- brotherhood, a deepening of their characters and, istic task is, therefore, to make infinitely above all, a growing church which is rapidly be- meaningful and inescapable the heart of the coming more truly indigenous and has a real con- Gospel, God's revelation of Himself in Jesus viction of the need for a continued spread of the Christ in such a way that personality in its whole- Gospel by means of a more adequately trained ness shall respond to God." Innately religious, Christian leadership. the African has responded to the stimulus of God's love by becoming a Christian who is con- In the Mondombe field Bontamba Mark was scious that his whole life should be influenced by sent as an evangelist to a remote village. After Christ's principles. The Bible has become for only one year the things he had accomplished were him an inspired Book, guiding his thoughts and very evident. Seventeen new houses of better conactions through every hour of every day. This struction and with more adequate ventilation had consciousness of the impelling power of God's been built in the Christian village, sanitary con- Word has resulted in many changes in the Afri- ditions were improved and a clean water supply can's heart, character, attitudes and environment. was assured. A new church building had been erected, two schools were flourishing and fifty- The particular Africans whose progress we are three inquirers were ready for baptism. In the now considering belong principally to the Bank- Bolenge Christian village a number of wells have undo tribe dwelling in the Belgian Congo along been dug, many of them with good clear water. the equator where the Congo River crosses it for New little houses are being built of brick which the second time, in a territory which extends east each home builder has shaped and burned himfrom four to five hundred miles, and reaches self. An ingenious method of building is often north and south about two hundred miles. Living followed. While the family continues to live in grouped together in villages ranging from two the old mud house the brick walls are erected hundred to a thousand people, these Congolese are around the house. When the new roof is in place hearing the Gospel story from teacher evangelists the old home is torn down and the new house entrained in one of the six principal mission stations closes the family. Mark Njoji, the pastor of the which are seeking to serve this great field, Bo- Bolenge church, has just completed a fine brick lenge, Coquilhatville, Lotumbe, Monieka, Wema house, well pointed with cement on the outside and Mondombe. Although many of these evan- and the inside walls smoothly plastered with white gelists have received as yet only a quite limited clay. There he can shelter the many friends and education, their few months or years at the mis- relatives who seek his "house by the side of the sion station in close contact with the missionaries road." and other leaders have resulted in a zeal to win their people for Christ, a desire to improve their In Congo from time immemorial the birth of moral, physical and economic conditions, and a twins has necessitated a complicated ritual, but feeling of brotherhood with all rather than with one year twins were born to a. Christian couple just one closely affiliated group, such as the family attending the Congo Christian Institute at Boor clan. lenge. The parents were brave enough to disobey the heathen superstitions. The mother went to Because of the consecrated efforts of the mis- the mission hospital for the confinement. and sionaries and the native Christian workers rested quietly in bed for ten days instead of takthroughout more than thirty years of this mis- ing a twin on each hip and dancing the length of sion's existence some very definite results of the the village the day after their birth as custom dicimpact of the Gospel on the lives of these particu- tated. These twins were bathed and fed like reglar Congolese are now becoming evident. These ular babies and were not forced to fast at interresults encompass the whole life of the people, for vals. Each baby had a basket bed covered with a we are finding not only better homes, hygiene, piece of mosquito netting. The father actually sanitation, gardens, but also an increasing respect continued to go to school and to study as though for womanhood, a larger measure of charity for he were the father of only one. those outside the family, an expanding feeling of In addition to these exterior aspects of better [569 ]

hygiene and better homes there are more subtle "The women here are the rej oicing of this changes. There is a growing companionship be~ church!' That is very unusual praise for a tween husband and wife and a mutual respect for Congo man to give to women and so marks an each other's personality. One elder in the Lotumbe advance in the men's attitude. As a result of the church and his wife always begin and end the day continued spread of Christian ideals throughout by praying together. Numbers of young couples the Congo its womanhood is being gradually en- are learning through their association in the Sun~ nobled.

day school class, known as the Brave Hearts, to In a heathen society the Congolese feel no reeat together and to share their joys and problems sponsibility for those outside their own immediwith each other. No one who has not known ate families. But after they have heard the story Africa intimately can realize how radical is this of Jesus they learn to care for others. As a change in attitudes and customs. The establish- church or as a missionary society they share troument and development of the Christian home, as bles of their members and try to help them. The the parents learn to nurture their little ones in church at Lotumbe took up a collection for some the faith, is one very outstanding result of the of their members whose houses had burned down, Gospel in Central Africa. they paid for medical treatment and finally burial What About the Women? for a friendless old man who had wandered into town; they brought food and clothing for a sick Someone has said in substance, that no nation and crippled woman who was without a home, and can rise higher than its womanhood. In Congo they gave money each week to a former evangelthe woman's place has always been a degraded ist of the despised Batswa tribe who was ill with one. She is considered a piece of property, a tuberculosis. These are only a few of this housekeeper, a gardener, the bearer of children, church's charitable deeds, and they might be dubut never as a loved companion to be respected plicated in every church in Congo.

and cherished. A Congo proverb says, "To eat The Women's Missionary Society of the Bolenge with a woman is to eat with the devil himself." Church decided to give some gifts of food to one In spite of these traditional attitudes, Christ's of their members who had recently been left a love and principles are resulting in an increased widow with nine children. They brought live fish, respect for women, their personalities and abil- dried fish, manioc, onions, plantains, palm nuts, ities. Manners and little courtesies are often in- two kinds of cakes made of sweet manioc, corn dicative of an inner spirit or attitude, as in a and other food as well as a money gift of fifteen situation which occurred at Lotumbe two years francs (about fifty cents). On their regular meet- ago. A number of the young married couples had ing day the women gathered at the church with just finished a feast in the open air. The Sunday their gifts in large baskets and basins and went vesper service was soon to be held there. Before singing to her home. She had been warned in ad- the meeting the young men were sitting together vance so was wearing a clean dress for the first visiting while the women were putting things time since her husband's death. The house was away in a nearby house. When the women came freshly swept and the children were clean. One out of the house most of them took places some of the women made a little speech presenting the distance away, but the wives of the graduates of gifts and two others prayed. The widow was the Congo Christian Institute came over to where so moved by this expression of their Christian their husbands were sitting. There were not love that tears came to her eyes. The women had enough chairs so those husbands stood up cour- to explain to her that these were outright gifts teously and gave their chairs to their wives. Of and no one expected to receive anything from her, course that little incident doesn't sound a bit for in Congo a gift means that something must strange or unusual to the American woman who be given in return.

is accustomed to every courtesy, but for a heathen The Gospel has meant to the Congolese that in- Congo woman-well, it is simply unheard of. stead of being members of many unrelated tribes Some missionaries were going up the Ubangi with fierce jealousies, hatred and strife predom- River on the mission steamer, "The Oregon." They inating, they now belong to one fellowship with reached Bobolo, where there is an evangelist and love, loyalty and mutual helpfulness as their a good church. Captain John Inkima told them watchwords. This idea has been very aptly ex- about the church there and how the women had pressed by the students of the Congo Christian In- done most of the work of building it. He said stitute, a secondary school established seven years that at one time the men all went back to heathen- ago at Bolenge for the training of a higher type ism, but some of the women kept the church go- of Christian leadership. To that school come stu- ing. Later an evangelist was sent to them and dents of many tribes whose fathers and grand- the church reawakened. Then Captain John said, fathers were traditional enemies. In one gradu-

WHAT RESULTS IN CENTRAL AFRICA?

ating class of fourteen there were nine distinct ries on the affairs of the church with only occatribes represented. From the beginning of the sional counsel from the missionary. To attend the school they have marveled at the strong bond of Sunday morning service at this church is a real Christian love which bound them together and experience; for the pastor, the choir of ten male made them as one tribe. One student in writing voices and the audience join together to make a home to his parents said, "Here we do not belong truly inspiring and reverent period of worship, to different tribes, but to one tribe-the tribe of of which the celebration of the Lord's Supper is God." made the climax. Churches like this one are being duplicated by the score in many outstations This unity was put to the acid test when the throughout the Congo. very first Batswa students entered the school. The Batswa constitute the semi-pygmy slave tribe of Fortunately many government officials realize Congo which for generations has been despised the importance of the Christian evangelist and by the Bankundo and with whom no social inter- give him their support. One government official course was possible. But when these Batswa stu- after visiting with an outstanding evangelist of dents stepped off the boat they were greeted as the Lotumbe field aoout how best to stop some long lost brothers by those in the upper classes. objectionable heathen practices, said to him, Later when one of the Batswa wives was ill and "After all, one of you evangelists can accomplish could not go to the garden and prepare food for more than many soldiers because the people have her husband and four children one of the Bank- learned to respect and love you." Undoubtedly undo women volunteered to help her. She had a the lives and work of some of these earnest nabusy day, for there was water to carry from the tive evangelists, as well as the growth and despring, cassava to dig in the garden, bread to be velopment of the Christian Church in Congo, are made, and greens to be prepared. Having finished outstanding results of the Gospel in Central the household duties she sat down and visited Africa. with the sick mother, telling her all that had been done in school that day. What a revolutionary In the final analysis the very finest results of thing it was for her to have such close contact the Gospel are to be found in the changed lives with a woman of the Batswa tribe! The Gospel and characters of the people who have been message is being exemplified in these young folks' touched by its power. It is impossible to mention lives as they daily practice actual Christian all of the splendid Christians whose lives have brotherhood. been an inspiration to others, for their number is legion. Elima Salome is a deaconess in the Lo- A Phenomenal Growth tumbe Church. Her husband, Mbomba David, is an elder. For years they have kept their Chris- Thirty-one years ago an early missionary of the tian light shining before all people. Elima is a Disciples of Christ Mission, who was leaving leader among the women and was president for a Congo to go on furlough, left one mission station, long time of the Missionary Society, which sup- Bolenge, and about two hundred Christians. To- ported an evangelist in a distant village. She is day there are six stations and over forty-two thou- a Sunday school teacher as well, giving every Sunsand Christians. In the whole of the Congo the day of her radiant personality and Christian ex- Protestant Christians and adherents number more perience to the little ones of Lotumbe. Visiting than a million. All of these, of whatever mission, the sick, sharing with others her food and her belong to one church, L'Eglise du Christ au knowledge of Christ's love, Elima Salome exempli- Congo. This forward step has meant a great deal fies what a true Christian should become. to each individual Christian, for now each one feels more closely bound to his brothers in Christ Among the graduates of the boys' boarding throughout Congoland. This union has likewise school in Bolenge in the early days was Mpoku been a challenge to the Christians to continue Enoch. Early in 1908 he became a Christian and their efforts for a more truly indigenous Church has never once wavered in his faith since that in the Congo. day. A week after his baptism he went to a dis- tant village as a school-teacher. The next year At Coquilhatville, one of the provincial capitals he returned to the mission station and learned to of the Congo, there is a splendid Protestant set type and finally became foreman of the mission Church group which is an inspiration to all be- printing shop. Later Mpoku became enamored cause of the fine way these Congo Christians are of machinery and spent several years as an enconducting the work of their church. The board gineer on river steamers. When he returned to of elders, deacons and deaconesses called as their Bolenge in 1920 he was made a deacon of the pastor Bokomboji Pierre, a graduate of the Congo church. Then while acting as foreman of the Christian Institute, who is one of the five ordained sawmill he was chosen as assistant pastor of the ministers in the Bolenge field. This church is Bolenge Church and in 1927 was ordained to the now self-supporting, and the board of elders car- ministry. While continuing his pastoral duties

he attended the Congo Christian Institute and There are many more in this fine company of graduated in 1933. Since his graduation Mpoku's Congo Christians. There is Lokofe Moses and ministry has been continually blessed. He travels his wife, Weci Marie, who are both supervising for months at a time through the back country schools in Lotumbe; there is Imbanda Joseph villages, strenthening the churches, encouraging who, although holding a government position, is the evangelists, preaching the Gospel and building finding time to build a church in a village where churches. Everywhere Mpoku Enoch goes his there was none; there is Litele Samuel, who is winsome smile, his loving character and powerful the first traveling Sunday school secretary of this words bring many of his brothers to Christ. particular group of churches; there are innumer- able others, men and women, preachers, teachers, A young school-teacher, a graduate of the nurses, carpenters, brick masons, mechanics, Congo Christian Institute, went home and began hunters, fishers and clerks who are living changed his work. Perhaps he expected to find conditions and more abundant lives because of the redeeming very different, for he wrote the following to his power of Christ's Gospel. However, these Congo white teacher: "I am weary in spirit because I Christians and their missionary leaders have a wanted to begin teaching and preaching at once. certain worry deep down in their hearts as they see the present shortage of missionary funds with r find there is no house in which I may live, no its corresponding shortage of both missionary and native leaders to guide the ever increasing numchurch in which I may preach, and no school in ber of young Christians along Christ's difficult which I may teach. Now I must start right at the path. One of Congo's proverbs is, "Bambola very beginning. I have labored in the forest itswa, ioiya, wijima." (Light the lamp, put it bringing in poles for building, and I have cut out, darkness.) The Church of Christ has lighted boards for blackboards. I can't open my school the lamp of God's love in those hearts. Is the materials for there is no place to keep them, and Church in America going to let them drift into they would soon be spoiled. How much there is darkness again for the lack of sufficient guidance to do! We write the lessons on the sand of the and counsel? Or will the Church at home supply village path." What a strong spirit that young the lamps to enlighten Africa? teacher must have! Although he is disappointed in his situation, he is going to work to do and dare for Christ whom he serves.

Into the Forests of Central Africa* What a Pioneering Trip Means to a Missionary REV. A. G. MILL and his wife have lived in his wife have held this fort. Several times a year the Upper Congo for the last twenty-six he makes long trips into the dense forests back years as respresentatives of the English of the river. In a recent letter to his sister he de- Baptist Missionaty Society.. Fifty-five years ago scribes one of these journeys: ThOl:'):las J. Comber and George Grenfell started "As you know there is no summer and no winter in Africa in the generally accepted sense of these work'on the mighty Congo. In his little steamer terms. We made preparations for our tour in June when the intense heat is tempered by the the "Peace," Grenfell explored the Congo Basin heavy rains. We had no road maps to consult and wd~ the discoverer of the great Ubangi trib- since there were no roads. We lra-d no worries about taking dress-up clothes since we would have utary.N'o;wmission .stations, not only of the no social functions to attend-no grand churches in which to worship and no high-class hotels to English Baptist Society but the Disciples of patronize. All our baggage must be carried on the bare backs of the natives and our meals found Christ, the Atnerican Presbyterian Church South, as we went through the forests. We were going back from the great river highway-back into the the Methodist,(:Episcopal Church and the Congo hinterland tribes, some of whom had never seen a white man. Balolo Mission, are working harmoniously. "My wife and r went on bicycles and the na- Mr. Mill is Ideated at a small village situated at tives on foot. Back there tucked away in the the confluence of the Lomami and Congo Rivers. jungle are people with no civilization and with- About ten years ago he asked leave to push for- ward one hundred miles and plant an outstation at Yalikina, his preseJltstation, ,He realized that this was a sttategic lotation if the peoples on the banks of the great !Lomami were ever to be reached with th~ Gospel. Single ,handed he and . t! 1 '. '" .'.

• A letter seDLly, Aofrs. Cla,ra.' Anna Sinclair, of. Caldwell, Kansas.

INTO THE FORESTS OF CENTRAL AFRICA

out knowledge of the heavenly Father. Our faith- started out, the traveling adding to the pain of ful boys led the way, carrying packages. Soon the the injured wrist. road became narrower till only a path was left. Camping for the night under our mosquito net- "On our arrival at the appointed meeting place ting, we were up bright and early the next morn- we found the doctor had not come. We waited all ing. We traveled for several hours when the that afternoon and till the next morning. Our winding trail suddenly became a steep descent. supply of provisions was exhausted by this time Not only so but the ground under us turned into and we were obliged to eat the native roasted loose sand and before long my wife was going monkey and cassava. Suddenly the steamer headlong down the incline gaining momentum at rounded the curve of the river and our hearts every turn. She was thrown forcibly from the leaped for joy. The doctor advised that my wife machine at the foot of the hill, saving herself go back with him. At my wife's request I resomewhat by throwing out her arms as she was frained from going with her, but put her on board pitehed over the handlebars. As I picked her up in the care of our best boys, and with a prayer I could see that her wrist was limp and knew my left her to be taken down river to the mission fear of a fracture to be confirmed. The pain was hospital at Yakusu, 150 miles south, while I reconsiderable. I tried my best to knit the bones traced my steps. With a lonely feeling I ate supbut was not successful. Where should I turn for per and retired, giving instructions for the mornhelp? Behind us there was no doctor for the gov- ing's march. We were plunging into dark forest ernment doctor had left for the upper river some land and soon came to the first of the isolated vildays befoJj'e. Before us there was less hope. The lages. The sight of a white man terrified the only· thing I could think of to do was to send out natives and,· my wife not being with me, made it S.O. S. messages to the government doctor by a harder to reach them. Like frightened children few trusty native carriers. they had to be coaxed out of their grass huts. God's palaver was explained to them and the chief "Off they went while our caravan waited; my passed on the message as he alone knew the trade wife in great discomfort. After five long days language. the messengers returned with the news that the doctor would meet us at a certain point on the After three months Mr. Mill returned to his river in two days. Taking two boys with us we station to find his wife recovered but with a more or less crippled hand.

AN ADVANTAGE OF THE NATIVE PREACHER The color of the preacher weighs far more with the native than we realize. Even in the .. mind of the best natives, even in the hearts of those most warmly attached to us, there is a definite though perhaps often subconscious prejudice against our color; I know of many in- stances where a message full of urgency and power has produced very little effect from the lips of a missionary while that of a native has produced immediate results. A native listen- ing to a moving and powerful address from a white man can quiet his conscience and harden his heart simply by saying, "That's all very well, that's a white man's point of view. It may .0 impress you like that but it is not what we blacks need." But when he hears a black preach with conviction, he is driven from this refuge and has to face the message on its own merits.

Again and again I have come across instances where the final link in bringing a native to Christ has been supplied by a native. He has listened to the white man for years and seemed little affected but one simple remark from a fellow native has gone home like an arrow. I would not belittle the white man's influence but it is unquestional;>le that the native evangelists have advantages over us.

Native preachers are often greatly improved and their value added to by thorough train- ing. In my experience this has been under the three headings: Bible knowledge, general knowledge, the missionary's example.-Rev. W. Singleton Fisher, in Congo Mission News.

Evangelistic Value of Medical

By ROLLA E. HOFFMAN, M.D., Meshed, Persia, On the Staff of the American Christian Hospital DURING my first years on the mission field I they have been reached? "Medical missionary was expected to draw large crowds of pa- work," said Dr. Dugald Christie, of Mukden, "is tients and friends of patients to whom our no mere adjunct to the work of preaching, but is senior clergyman could sell Scriptures and preach an essential and integral part of the work of the the Gospel. This was in the most fanatical Mos- Church." Our Presbyterian Board Manual says, lem city of Persia. The best strategy seemed to "Medical work is not merely a key to open the door be to push forward the medical work and to ac- into non-Christian communities, but is an integral company it with as aggressive preaching as the part of the missionary enterprise." people would tolerate. I was expected to draw the crowds, and the evangelistic missionary was to We have been thinking of the medical work too preach to them. He was treasurer of our little much in its relation to outsiders. We must realize hospital and I occasionally preached and led daily that its usefulness to professing Christians should prayers so that our pioneering went on happily. be no less, especially in the midst of a non-Chris- tian society. Even after fanaticism is dead, and Later the clergyman died, the medical work in- the church has become popular and men flock into creased and a second doctor was sent out. One of it and want to be known as Christians, medical our clergymen expressed the hope that instead of work will still be needed as an integral part of the taking on more patients, the medical staff would work of the church, as a continuous expression of now do more evangelistic work. Instead of that the healing love of our Lord. The new church will we find that the medical work has more than be far stronger, more practical, truer to Christ, doubled, so that now a third doctor has come. The more useful to the nation, if it grows up in close clergymen have most faithfully carried on evan- cooperation with a genuine Christian medical gelistic work in the hospital; the church has been work, which becomes more and more a part of the born and other openings for evangelistic work work of the Church. Perhaps a medical man's have thrust themselves forward. Finally we are antipathy toward doing more "evangelistic work"

advised that "the entire work of healing, both arises from holding to the old idea that it is to conphysical and spiritual, should be carried on by the sist in spending an hour or more a day reading the doctors and their assistants." Scriptures to and haranguing men, pleading with them to "flee from the wrath to come," and, since While this view may not quite represent the our time is limited, neglecting medical treatment attitude of most of our clerical missionaries, it has rather depressed me to realize that our hos- to do it! pitals are looked upon as not such alluring places We might analyze the function of medical misto work. As one of the missionaries puts it, "Given one hundred well men as against one hun- sion work, as composed of its influence upon undred sick men to preach to, I would choose the evangelized outsiders, and its influence upon the well men every time." The preaching mission- members of the church; but after all these ex- press to man the love and spirit and healing of aries' task is to build up the church and more and our Lord, and so bring them to the knowledge of more of their attention is demanded by the prob- Christ. The medical work reaches people who are lems of the growing church and the instruction of not touched by our schools or "direct" evangelistic inquiries. For the rest, the Gospel can be preached workers. They come from conservative Moslem openly through the land; the day of pioneering families, driven by pain and despair; also from has past. Yet at the meeting of medical workers the ultramodern class, who have lost faith in all some years ago in Teheran, protest was made religion. – Men who would never darken the door against the failure of our clerical brethren to ap- of a Christian school, or of a clergyman's house, propriate the .fine opportunity for evangelistic lay aside their pride and come pleading and be- work in our hospitals. seeching for that which they believe Christian doc- What is the exact purpose of our medical work? tors are able to give. It is true that they are in Is it merely a means of attracting people within spiritual need also, and no doubt doctors often range of the Gospel message, or is it useful after miss the underlying spiritual disease, and give [574 ] cascara when what the patient really needs is a with a course in chemistry; an essential part of "mental cathartic." No doubt we often fail to the course, a place where the things explained in add to our medicines the skilful spiritual touch lectures are actually carried out in life. that would remove the real cause and bring a per~ manent cure. We are apt to think too closely merely of the evangelistic effect of our medical work upon pa- For some have more sin than fever, tients; it should be looked for rather in the com- And some have more grief than pain. munity. The great spiritual value of our Lord's healing did not come to those actually healed, but God help me make whole both body and soul to the healthy who beheld the Power and Spirit of Before they go out again. what was done. Men who come to us for physical healing are not often seeking spiritual healing. We must remember that a host of Christian For this reason the work seldom yields spiritual t~rms carry to the Moslem mind a far different results in proportion to the effort expended. The meaning from what we intend. If, as we are fact that our hospitals render a valuable physical sometimes urged, we "joyfully give to them the service in the spirit of love, which requires no mamessage of eternal Life in Christ, through whom terial reward, not even gratitude, shows the peoalone they can attain to perfect harmony and ple that this is Christianity in life, and that Christ health," we shall be merely casting our pearls be~ is not a dead prophet but a living force in the fore swine, with the usual result. How will they world today. This is a very important factor in understand our earnest evangelistic appeal? The the Christianization of the land. It furnishes a man whose disease has not been entirely cured good background for the preaching of the Gospel will put us down as charlatans, trying to cover up in reading room, chapel, school and private conour inability to cure him by introducing another ferences. It softens hearts, not so much the hearts subject! Many a one who has been healed will of the physically ill as the hearts of the commusay to his friends: "Bah! Sons of dogs! These nity's healthy, thinking men. They thus come to Christians treat the sick, but why? They first see the religion of Christ as something living, cure your disease to put you under obligation to vital, essential to their own welfare. Let us emthem, then they insult you by insisting that you phasize anew our real evangelistic task. ought to turn your back on Islam and the greatest of the Prophets and join them with their corrupted Indispensable Elements and altered gospel, with its talk of three Gods, the Son of God (Who begets not, neither is begotten, There are three definite and indispensable elepraise His Name!) and other notions as ignorant ments in a hospital as "an integral part of the and ridiculous. They want to foist on us their missionary enterprise" – efficient medical treatpig~eating and wine-drinking, their immorality of ment, including good nursing; the spirit of Christ women who go about half dressed and with shame- throughout; the simple verbal explanation that less open faces, their money-worship, and denial this is Christian, that He is our strength, and that of the oneness of God !" He is to be praised and thanked rather than the doctors. Is this out of date? Not at all. This is true of many who find their first Christian contact in our With the rapid advance of Persian standards of hospitals. Any attempt to force spiritual results medical work and the passing of the pioneer stage, here results often in the enmity of the patient and we need improved equipment, better laboratories, his friends. Seed sown upon hard, impermeable better assistants; and must limit ourselves to ground will not grow. One task of our hospitals fewer patients. The standard for the hospitals of is that of ploughing, breaking up hard clods, win- Syria has recently been suggested as thirty outning confidence by deserving it. Persistently urg- patients and twenty in-patients per doctor! ing men to become Christians carries to their minds the suggestion that we are getting paid so Our hospitals must be different from the govmuch per head by our government or supporting ernment hospitals, in the Christian love manisociety. Our definite contribution is to bring men fested among ourselves and our helpers. We to the knowledge of Christ; not to persuade them must be the fathers and mothers of our helpers, to become professing Christians. and must teach them Christian principles of life and work. They must learn to serve the poor as In our treatment of professing Christians, it is well as the rich, to be careful, thorough, truthful, our task to lead them to a better knowledge of the sympathetic, clean, patient, cheerful. We need to riches of love in Christ Jesus. We must do a lot develop helpers who are not only efficient in medof teaching and explaining; but we must avoid ical technique – a formidable task in itself – but mere "proselytizing." We need more faith: hav- who will enter into the Christian spirit of the ing ploughed, and sown a little seed, we must work. From the time when a patient enters our await the harvest, not trying to force it. The hospital until he is dismissed, we must make all medical work is like the laboratory in connection contacts with him courteous, patient, Christian.

To this end some form of daily "family" prayers individuals, and the nurses would do more and is essential, when all the hospital force come to- better religious talking with the patients. gether, preferably in the morning, for a few minutes of quiet thinking and worship. Most of our Copies of the Gospels should be available for the Presbyterian hospitals in Persia do not have daily patients to read in the language they know. Often prayers of the whole staff. one man will read to a room full which may be better than for an outsider to do much reading. This is not enough. While showing men the We have found a small cupboard useful as a de- Spirit of Christ, they must be told that this is pository for the books along with various other Christianity. Otherwise this fact, so obvious to books in charge of the senior ward nurses. If the us, will not occur to them at all! Obviously, their Christians are nurses and reasonably intelligent, preconceived ideas of Christianity are not very they will explain passages as patients ask quesfavorable, else many of them would already have tions. The doctor also may occasionally explain a been Christians. Here careful definition is neces- passage. sary. Our task is not to persuade them to become professing Christians, in order to "flee from the A certain amount of social service work is wrath to come," by the magical Name of Jesus, greatly needed, and it sometimes seems that spebut they must learn that it is He who has equipped cial workers ought to be available for it. Without and empowered us for this task. In all fairness this, the medical work often fails to do quite we must give Him the praise and glory for what enough. For example, a young, illiterate daywe are able to do, as much for the sake of our own laborer suffered from a broken leg when a wall integrity as Christians as that they may thank fell on it. He was in the hospital seven weeks, Him for their cure. making a satisfactory recovery. He was well fed and nursed and heard the Gospel explained daily; As to the technique of this, opinions will differ. but he seemed depressed and apathetic. Some- We must appear frankly and openly before our thing else was needed that the hospital was unable helpers and patients as Christians. We may lead to supply. The meagre family income was suda prayer service, preach occasionally, make it a denly cut off and his wife and two children were practice to have a word of prayer before each op- destitute. When he went home he found that one eration, or in other ways reveal our dependence on of the children had died, and his wife had wan- Christ. But in praying for patients we should dered away to another city with the other child. avoid praying before them that they become He was unable to work for a week after his dis- Christians. That will spoil things and lead them charge, as the leg was stilI weak. Had his family to think that after all we are not so much inter- been relieved during his illness and had he been ested in healing their diseases as in trying to given some hand work to do to earn a little money proselytize them for the sake of the bonus that while recovering, and had he been taught to read, our government gives us. This was reported in using the Gospel of John as a textbook, he might Meshed a few years ago to be $400 a head. We have been definitely enriched instead of embittered should pray for their recovery; that the blind eye toward life. Here is a problem that frequently may be made to see, the pain and disease removed, presents itself in a land where the wolf hovers too and the heart made perfectly happy by finding near the door. What a service the Persian Church real peace. might render the community by tiding such folks over their time of need! A clergyman should be connected with each hospital, for several reasons. The teaching possi- In every station where there is medical work bilities of our hospitals have been largely lost there should be a committee on evangelistic work sight of because too much time has been given to in the hospital, consisting of the medical staff and trying to "win" men to an open profession of a man and a lady evahgelist to plan the work and faith. This teaching work is properly the task of draw the general picture. The medical workers the clergyman who should plan it and carry out should be members and attendants of the local a schedule of addresses, lantern talks, etc. He church. A clergyman and a lady evangelistic could profitably make rounds with the doctors worker should be assigned to evening work in the once a week, thus appearing before patients as hospital on a more definite schedule. The evanone in real sympathy with them. He would thus gelistic work should consist in instruction rather keep in touch with the medical work, see any of than "proselytizing," and special care should be his friends who happened to be patients, see the exercizea. to avoid injuring the sensibilities ef even Christian members of the staff at work, and keep the most fanatieal patients or their friends. The the evangelistic side of the work regularly before whole missionary effort should be directed toward .the doctor's mind. He should also stand ready to making the medical work genuinely and wholly talk with any who ask for him. The doctor would Christian, in spirit and in fact, an "integral part have occasional suggestions to make about certain of the missionary enterprise," and a part of the coming Christian society in Persia.

Are Jews! *

The Challenge of American Jewry to the Church By the REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, Secretary of Jewish Evangelization, Board of National Missions "WHY, they're Jews!" was the astonished What America Means to the Jews exclamation of an urban pastor when re- America, however, has spelled more than oppor- tunity to the Jew; it has signified a new environ- minded that he had probably several ment and all the things that go with it-adapta- tion, modification, change. Things are not as they hundred members of the race of Jesus living in were among the Jews. The traditional Jewish life of Eastern Europe has gone beyond recall. Under his parish to whom he might be spiritually help- the constant pressure of American industrial and commercial life, traditional Jewish customs are ful. Another pastor,. in response to the same re- generally disregarded, while the acceptance of modern scientific and philosophical concepts has Tmhineydegr~ said: "We have no contact with Jews. robbed the ancient faith of its sanctions. The their way and we go ours." A third re- Saturday Sabbath no longer dominates Jewish communities. The dietary laws are less and less plied: "Really, I 'have never thought of that!" rigidly observed. Inter-marriage is on the in- crease. And what is giving Jewish leaders grave And this last reply is doubtless the reason so many concern is the disspiriting drift from the syna- gogue. Rabbi Goldenson, of Temple Emanu-el, pastors and churches are not Jew-conscious and New York City, recently expressed his disappoint- ment that in a city with two million Jews, not have not sought to share with their Jewish neigh- more than fifty thousand were in regular attend- ance at synagogue services. bors the spirit and faith of Jesus as Saviour and Side by side with these trends away from the Lord. And this is the reason also why there has ancient Jewish heritage and the decline of the old reverences there has been observable in many grown up in this country a Jewish situation that areas of Jewish life a real yearning and search for spiritual satisfaction. The Jew today is openchallenges the best thought and statesmanship minded as he has not been for generations. He will listen to anyone who offers surcease from perthat the Church can command. sonal or social ills. Christian Science has won so large a Jewish following that a movement within The situation has grown upon us so gradually. Judaism called "Jewish Science" has been devised to stay the drift. Socialism with its doctrine of The few thousand Jews in America at the middle human brotherhood and practice of social equality has enlisted in its ranks tens of thous'ands of of the last century have increased through immi- young Jewish working people. Every modern cult has a Jewish following. gration, mainly from Eastern Europe, until ~o~ay Christianity, too, has its chance. There is a we have in the United States nearly five mllhon spirit of inquiry among Jews which is leading them by thousands to read the New Testament, Jews, about one-third of all the Jews in the world. visit Christian churches, listen to sermons over the radio and give consideration to the claims of New York, with its two million Jews, is the larg- Christianity. There is an encouraging response of Jews to the Gospel when presented with symest center of Jewish life known to history, while pathy and understanding. The neighborhood house approach has been found particularly ef- Chicago has more Jews than Warsaw, and Phila- delphia than Vienna or Kiev. And here the Jews have prospered phenomenally. They have taken commercial and educational advantages to the full and have come to the fore in many de- partments of our American life. The clothing, jewelry, tobacco and other industries are largely in their hands. Their influence is felt in the pro- fessions, in law, medicine, education, journalism, art, literature, wherever the call of opportunity appeals to their eager, restless spirit. The amuse- ment business, as represented by the theater, mov- ing picture, and radio are largely controlled by Jews. And when we look at our public life and think of such names as Lehman, Morgenthau, Brandeis or Cordozo, we realize the high place occupied by Jews in national affairs. We have here not only the largest Jewry in the world, but the most influential. What happens to the Jews in America will effect every Jewry on the globe. Is not this a challenge to the Church?

• From The Presbyterian, Philadelphia. fective. When Jews are dealt with as friends and [577 ]

neighbors with whom it is a privilege to share the way of Pharaoh and Haman, of deTorquemada through the fellowship of daily association the and Pobyedonostev. But it is not the Christian Good News concerning God's love in Jesus Christ, way. His Son, there are spiritual results that gladden the hearts of all who are concerned for the re- The challenge to the Church is clear. Christians demption of Israel. Not only rabbis and orthodox must rebuke racial prejudice and create Christian Jews, but atheists, radical socialists, and commu- attitudes toward the Jewish people. We have in nists have come under the spell of Jesus Christ our hands the key for the solution of the Jewish and have yielded their lives to Him as Saviour problem. It fits every ward of the complicated and Lord. lock. We possess a Gospel, born of infinite love for all mankind, which can subdue prejudice and The First Hebrew Christian Church, of Chi- ill will and conquer all aversions and hatreds. To cago, organized last year, is a demonstration of apply that Gospel to the healing of the world's the fact that Jews can be reached with the Gospel sorrows is the task of the Church. It must be and that they are willing to share in the extension applied to the healing of the age-long sorrows of of the cause of Christ, not only among their own the Jew. The place to begin is in the Church itpeople, but throughout the world. The minister, self. Little progress can be made in commending officers and members of this church are all Jews, the faith of Christ to His own people if those who as are the officers and teachers of the Sunday are its witnesses deny its fundamental ethic. school. Each individual has come into the church through a definite religious experience and can This is a time of crisis for the Jew. It is a time bear personal testimony to the reality of the faith of testing for the Church. If the Church awakes he has confessed. to its unparalleled opportunity a work may be done here in America for Christ's own people far There are many pastors who have discovered transcending anything that has been attempted that Jews are not only approachable, but respon- since the days of the Apostles. sive to the claims of Christ when presented with a loving heart. More than two thousand mem- "BY HAND PICKING" bers of the Hebrew race are now connected with the Presbyterian Church as ministers, mission- There is much significance in these sentences aries, church officers, and members, loyal in her from Bishop John M. Springer's account, in The service and generous in the support of her work Christian Advocate, of recent widespread converat home and abroad. The fact that there are sions in Africa: over 3,300 Presbyterian churches alone that are located in places where there are Jews, and have "All we students at the theological seminary the opportunity to render them service, calls us recently went to Maranke for ten days, and there to accept this God-given opportunity to share we had a wonderful time in our camp meeting," with our Jewish neighbors, as with other unevan- Demas Chama, of the Congo, student at Old Umgelized people, the Gospel of divine love, God's tali, Rhodesia, wrote me recently. answer to the cry of every human heart. Demas continues: "Then we went to Gandan- Not the least part of the challenge that comes zara, where we had another chance, and spent ten to the Church in relation to the Jewish people is days preaching to them the word of life and the the rising tide of anti-semitism in America. Hith- everlasting Kingdom. . . . We all came closely to erto, this country has been singularly free from Jesus, our Saviour; the people numbered 2,500. organized anti-Jewish movements. What little we have had has been short-lived. Prejudice has ex- r saw an old woman stand up and begin to preach, isted, but has found little expression beyond the utterances of individuals. Now, however, anti- and another old man did the same, till all the semitism has become a menace, not only to Jews, camp meeting became on fire for God the Father but to American ideals and the peace and harmony of all nations. There were three great chiefs, of our people. Jew hatred that has spread its Gandanzara, Mukahanana, and Chikuruwo. These blight over Germany, Poland, and other Euro- Christian chiefs stood and said that their feelings pean countries has made its appearance in our were no more as great men we call chiefs, but as own land. Nazi propaganda has planted its cells the servants of Jesus Christ." … in many American cities. Other anti-semitic movements bear the brand, "Made in America." It is During the past five years, in spite of the wholesaid that no fewer than six hundred centers of sale depression which the French more aptly call .anti-Jewish, propaganda exist to foster prejudice :;tgainst the Jews and impose upon them racial a La Crise, there has been what might· well be 'disabilities. It is the old, old way of meeting the Jewish problem, the way of hatred and oppression, termed "mass movement" of converts to ·Christ in all of our African Conferences. But it has come about in the natural way prescribed by our Lord: the going out by the converts to tell the good news to others. This great harvest has not been brought about by a windfall but by hand picking.

Catholic Activity I•n Pagan

I By KENNETH G. GRUBB, Survey Department, The World Dominion Press, London -··~t I ~========================~ THE Roman Catholic Church has been giving in the Belgian Congo, speaking reeently at Leo- constantly increasing attention to missionary poldville, said: expansion. The Church is no longer content to remain within traditional bounds, if she has The Catholic Church is not Belgian, or French, Eng- lish, Italian or American; it is Catholic; Belgian in Bel- ever been. The passing of centuries has witnessed gium, French in France, Italian in Italy…. In the Congo the stay of the advance of Islam in Europe. The it must be Congolese; in the construction of sacred ediweakness of the (Greek) Orthodox Church has fices, in the manufacture of objects for use in liturgical long been apparent. The Protestant churches functions, lines and colors and all the elements of Congo- lese art must be scrupulously observed. . . . When the have been hampered by the catastrophe of the natives are in church they must not feel that they are in World War and the limitation imposed upon Ger- a strange house; they must feel that they are in their own man missions for economic and political reasons. church.

The chaos of the times has thrown into strong The year 1936 marks the tenth anniversary of relief those advantages which accrue to central- the publication of the encyclical Rerum Ecclesiae,: ized control, while concealing the disadvantages. in which world-wide evangelization was stressed, Under these circumstances the Roman Catholic with special emphasis on the training of native· Church in recent years has rightly seen an un- clergy and a general "indigenous" policy.

precedented opportunity for expansion. The The Propaganda controls considerable financial whole administrative machinery of the Vatican, resources. The financial settlement which was a headed by the Pope, is known as the curia, the part of the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between the highest body of which is the College of Cardinals. Italian State and the Vatican involved the pay- The political affairs of the curia are handled by a ment to the latter of about $87,000,000, and it is Cardinal Seeretary of State, and the spiritual af- understood that the greater part of this is to be fairs by eleven congregations or councils. One of devoted to missions. As Catholic clergy areceli- the latter is the Congregation de Propaganda bate the expense on personnel is relatively light.

Fide, known as the Propaganda. It was organ- Extraordinary efforts have been made to arouse ized in the seventeenth century, reorganized in the interest of the faithful in the cause and thus 1908, and is the missionary arm of the Church. to gain their support. The union of clergy on It meets twice a month and has charge of those behalf of missions has been recommended in the regions where the hierarchy is not established. most authoritative quarters, and regional con- Its auxiliaries, or mobile forces, are the various gresses are held to concentrate attention on the religious orders, and it has its own funds. appeal and the opportunity. Along with "Catholic The first advantage possessed by Roman Cath- Action," the mission field has been the cause olic missions is unity of control or direction, in- which has most often been kept before the troducing co-ordination into the work of the re- Church.

ligious orders which otherwise would consume These considerations naturally constitute a their energies in mutual jealousies. It is quite background to all Roman Catholic expansion in possible that a certain amount of flexibility and the mission fields of the world. In reeent years spontaneous spiritual impulse is lost through this especial attention has been given to Central unity of direction, but its advantages must be ad- Africa. Of the funds which the Propaganda con- mitted. Not the least of these has been that the troIs about one-quarter has been devoted to Africa well-known missionary interest of the present -equal to the amount allocated to China, and Pope has been reflected in an increase of activity. twice that given to India.

The Roman Catholic Church is also following The expansion of Roman Catholicism in Cen- a policy of "nationalization" designed to harmo- tral Africa has been great, although it would be a nize the development of the Church with the cul- mistake to exaggerate it. It is helped by certain ture and outlook of each land. A number of in- powerful factors in the political situation. In digenous bishops have been consecrated, although British Africa the Roman Catholic missions are not, as yet, an African. The Apostolic Delegate on the same footing as other religious bodies; [579 ]

they receive, for example, educational grants-in- frequent. But Protestanism rarely benefits to aid, provided their schools reach the requisite any great extent from a political hostility which standard of efficiency. Their standing before the is directed primarily against the Catholic Church.

law is the same as that of Protestant missions; Governments should treat all churches alike under they are treated with s.crupulous fairness and a legislation which is really intended only to re- impartiality by administrative officers; and it strain offenders. If, therefore, Protestants do not should also be added that the fact of the Anglican suffer from political pressure on the accusation of Church being an established Church in England "denationalization," they are apt to be ground brings no appreciable advantage to Protestant between the nationalist policy of governments and missions. No discrimination is made against mis- the interests of the dominant Church which are sionaries of any religion on the ground of their opposed to it.

nationality, now that the postwar restrictions Italian Africa against German missionaries have been removed. In January, 1936, the departure of the last of the Swedish missionaries from Eritrea was an- It is unfortunate that, in the colonies of powers nounced. Their home going was undoubtedly acwhose religious traditions have been molded by celerated by the international situation; but for the Papacy, the same fair treatment has not al- many years it had been clear that, unless the sitways been given to Protestant missions. Roman uation changed, the work would be closed. The Catholic spokesmen have sedulously inculcated the Swedish Mission was founded in 1865, before idea, in season and out of season, that Catholicism Eritrea had come under Italian control. The early is the hallmark of good citizenship; and that, as Italian governors viewed the mission with favor a consequence, not to be a Catholic is to fail in and benevolence. A church with a Christian comloyalty to the State. Telling examples of this in- munity of some ten thousand souls was built up; sidious propaganda are given below. Thus Prot- a notable literary activity was developed, to which estant missions are attacked on the grounds that the native Christians made a solid spiritual and they "denationalize" the native, and pressure is intellectual contribution; and a chain of schools exerted to compel local administrations to impose was established. But these very activities, linhampering conditions on their activities.

Moreover, the colonial policies of Great Britain guistic and educational, provoked official hostility.

and of the Latin nations are different in their gen- They were precisely the activities which, from eral outlook. The "Dual Mandate" fostered by one point of view, hindered national assimilation, Britain in Africa, and so successfully tried out in placing membership in the Kingdom of God above Nigeria, provides for a proper recognition of the' that in the Kingdom of Italy. About 1917 the constructive ideas in native social customs, and Italian attitude to Protestant missions changed; encourages the use of native languages when they missionaries on furlough could not return and are widespread and obviously of general utility. new recruits were not admitted. The Italian The policy of assimilation followed by most Latin Franciscans were able to strengthen their staff, governments, notably the French, Italian and and Roman Catholic propaganda increased.

Portuguese, is inimical to the perpetuation of Portuguese Africa tribal identity, and seeks to supplant native cus- toms and languages by those of the colonizing For a long time a systematic attempt has been power. Protestantism, with its emphasis on the made in both Portugal and its African colonies Word of God, has tended in its mission work to to discredit Protestant missions. The Angola make much use of the presentation of Christian press, especially in Luanda, is constantly publish- truth in the natural language of the people. The ing articles setting forth the necessity of Catholi- result is that Protestant missions in the colonies cizing the colony. Statements, manifestly devoid of "Latin" nations are open to a double attack. of foundation, are continually made in Portugal The Roman Church attacks them on the ground to the detriment of Protestant missions, and the that Catholicism best ministers to the religious widespread medical, educational, social and evan- and cultural traditions of the State; political gelistic work done by the Protestant missions is pressure is apt also to bear adversely on them on completely ignored. Here is a recent example.

the ground that they are instruments of "dena- At a pub.Iic meeting on colonial questions, on Feb- tionalization." When, therefore, the interests of ruary 20 of this year at the Geographical Society Catholicism can be made to agree, if only tempo- of Lisbon, which was reported at length in the rarily, with those of nationalism, as in Portugal papers; the lecturer opened by quoting the Min- today, Protestant missions are faced with a grave ister of Colonies in 1935 to the effect that Prot- issue. Nationalism, however, is fundamentally in- estant missions were working against Portugal, compatible with the ideals of Roman Catholicism, whereas the pupils of the Catholic schools of Ben- and clashes between the Church and State are guela were proud to repeat, "Weare Catholics and

ROMAN CATHOLIC ACTIVITY IN PAGAN AFRICA

'Catholic' is synonymous with 'Portuguese.'''* Christ. On the outcome of this struggle will de- This kind of thing could be multiplied indefinitely, pend the type of Christianity which is to prevail with examples from both the East and West Afri- in this great area of Central Africa.

can possessions of Portugal. In 1934 121,109 adults were reported baptized Roman Catholic baptisms in Angola numbered in Catholic missions. There are 805 foreign and 43,000 in 1934, and the number of adherents is 37 native priests, in addition to numbers of lay put at 425,000. The figure of 291,000 was given brethren and sisters. The total missionary force in 1931. If these figures are accurate, it is evi- already numbers over 2,000. From one boat dent that a notable increase has taken place. The which arrived at Matadi in November, 1935, 80 prelature of Mozambique, which owing to special disembarked, representing 19 orders. Over 1,200 circumstances does not depend on the Propa- young native men are in training for the priest- ganda, but on the Congregation of Extraordinary hood. Pupils in Catholic schools number 454,969.

Foreign Affairs, reports only 9,250 Catholics in Ruanda Urundi is mandated territory, where 1932. The subsidy of approximately £40,000 is conditions are somewhat different. Article 8 of given to Roman Catholic missions in Angola, with the Mandate binds the mandatary to ensure "comprivileges, such as workers' exemption from cus- plete freedom of conscience and the free exercise toms dues and hut taxes. No subsidies are given of all forms of worship which are consonant with Protestant bodies. public order and morality." There has been some Belgian Africa controversy over the nature of the rights thus guaranteed, and the question was recently raised The difficulties of the last few years in the at the Permanent Mandates Commission in Ge- Congo have received much attention, but the pres- neva. The Governor-general of the Congo has ent Governor has shown himself well disposed to decided on a policy which should insure to Prot- maintain the provisions of the Colonial Charter estants the liberty to which they have a clear title.

and the Convention of St. Germain-en-Laye, guar- Spanish and French Africa anteeing freedom of conscience and the free exer- cise of all forms of religion. In recent years The trend of events "in this limited sphere illusgrave cases of abuse have occurred, whereby trates the other tendency, namely, the determina- Protestant natives have been subjected to unfair treatment, and even physical violence. But the tion of the government to limit some of the pre- tensions of Roman Catholic missions. A o.ecree real question has been educational. The situation was issued in 1935 in Madrid which has also limis peculiar in the Congo inasmuch as all education ited the activities of some of the Protestant misis left in the hands of missions. There has been sionaries. But as some of these questions are now no legislation against Protestant schools, but no being considered, it is not wise to discuss them government grants have been available for them, and few, if any, government posts have been open in print. to their graduates. The educational system set up in 1927 recognizes. only "national," which in There is evidence to show that, although in cerpractice means Roman Catholic, schools, and con- tain regions of French Africa the Roman Catholic fines all government eoucation to Roman Catholic Church is making great efforts, its success will teaching orders. Any capitulation to the threat depend on the legitimate use of its own energies contained in this situation on the part of Prot- and resources. If local authorities show bias, or estants would have the effect of leaving all educa- favoritism, this is generally due to local circumtion in the hands of the Roman Catholic missions. stances, and receives censure rather than en- dorsement from higher officials and from the colonial ministry when the circumstances are ex- The Annuaire des Missions Catholiques au plained. Nevertheless, perhaps in. no part of Congo Belge states that Catholics in the Belgian Africa is it so necessary that missionaries should Congo and Ruanda Urundi now number 1,232,018, have an adequate knowledge of the language of and catechumens 1,032,660, making a total of over the governing power, and a proper acquaintance two and a quarter millions. In another article in with the colonial traditions which have molded this report it is shown that there are about a mil- French policy in Africa. For this reason all mislion Protestants in the Congo; three and a quar- sionaries are advised to study in Paris, if possible ter million Christians therefore exist in the region for two years, and certainly not for less than six today, among a population of some fourteen mil- months. A more detailed discussion of consideralions. Ten and three-quarter millions are still tions which affect all intending missionaries and in paganism, and the struggle which lies ahead all secretaries and board members of missions will be an effort to bring to these spiritual life in which carry responsibilities in French territory • As reported in the Diario de Noticias. Lisbon, February 21, may be found in a paper by M. Leenhardt, of 1'936. Paris, Initiation des Missions Etrangeres en

Colonie Fran~aises. The essential points raised ture will lie in one or other of these directions. by M. Leenhardt are being set out in the review, This article should not be construed as a po- World Dominion. lemic against the Roman Church. That Church Although we may consider that Catholicization has every right to use all the legitimate means is a superficial form of evangelization, and is, within her power to advance her cause and the therefore, of little importance to us, its impor- Christianization of pagan peoples. But it is evitance arises precisely from its superficiality. The dent that the Protestant and Catholic communions point at issue is, whether we shall regard the hold ideas of liberty and tolerance which differ in evangelization of Central Africa as that of a theory and clash in practice. Further, to the expagan people whose grosser superstitions are tent to which modern governments are influenced bound in any case to disappear; or must we, in by these ideas, to that extent do they embody a years to come, contemplate a Catholic-pagan pop- broad-minded or a narrow policy in colonial legulation and expect either a Reformation such as islation. It may yet prove possible to resolve Europe experienced in the sixteenth century, or some of these differences in a spirit of Christian the type of evangelization that now characterizes charity. In the long run, however, it is as well Latin America or southern Europe. If we con- to remember that Christian love alone can claim sent to the present rapid spread of Roman irresistible power; without it the attempt to move Catholicism in Africa the prospects of the fu- mountains by faith is but wasted labor.

What Christ Has Done for Banyankole ANKOLE is only a small district of the Uganda who still follow that custom, but there are many .r. Protectorate, and the writer belongs to this Christian men having each but one wife who are living pure lives. Children who used to grow up country. The Banyankole, the inhabitants in their heathen homes and so learned all the evil of this district, are divided into two tribes: Aba- of such homes are now taken to school and are hima, the cattle-people, and Abairn, agricultur- taught about Christ and His love. ists. The former is the ruling tribe. To estimate what.Christ has done and is doing for my people, As already stated, Ankole is only a small dis- I must touch nearly every department of their trict of Uganda Protectorate, and there are many lives, and compare it with the pre-Christian state such districts in Uganda. There used to be conof things. The government used to be despotic. tinual wars and disputes between the various dis- The king had all power in his hands, and had some tricts, and even among the people of the same chiefs under him. Most of the kings were cruel district. The Abahima despised the Abairn and tyrants, and the chiefs who ruled under them were could not even eat with them. Now the love of very much influenced by their king in the way Christ has been shed in their hearts and the wars, they treated their people. One is likely to at- disputes and all other things which separated peotribute the good government of the country, since ple are ceasing. I am writing this article while Christianity came, and the peace and satisfaction on a mission of preaching the Gospel with a team in the people's hearts only to the British govern- of friends, some of whom have traveled over three ment. There is much truth in that view, but it is hundred miles, and the team is made up from difnot the whole truth. I know that the rulers have ferent tribes, a thing which my father some forty feelings of their own, influenced by their belief in years ago would not have dreamed of. Christ. Now there is still a king who rules the country, but not despotically, and he and the chiefs Several things are greatly needed for winning are quite different from their predecessors. There Africa for Christ. We need keen missionaries, are many chiefs who are honest, truthful and just, men and women who are out and out for Christ and who sympathize with their poor people. and the Africans. We need money to help with the work. People have not yet learned to give as The next thing to consider is the religion of the they ought, and in many of the districts of people. In olden days they worshiped the evil Uganda- people are very poor. But I think the spirits and the spirits of their ancestors, and were greatest need is to get Africans who are really very superstitious. Today there are thousands who converted and on fire for winning their brother have become Christians, and to these the time of and sister Africans to Christ. These would know spirit worship and superstition has passed. the difficulties of their' people, and they could deal with them and show them how they themselves In home life Christ has done and is doing much have been helped to conquer those same difficulties. for the people. Men used to have several wives, and even today there are many of the Christians REV. ERICA SABITI, Ankole, Uganda.

I Am a

By FLORENCE WALNE, Shimonoseki, Japan T o STAND at a crossing where all the road- full measure of the skepticism which has this peo- ways of the world come together to follow ple in its grip; a meeting of mothers who have them with the mind to those far corners to no conception of the meaning of a home with God which they lead-across the shining waterways in it (though gods they may have a-plenty!); an of the earth-to lands unseen and peoples unmet: organization of young girls so apt to go adrift to know, somehow, that one of those roads is with nothing by which to steer their course. I yours; to definitely set your face in the direction stand before them with the Bible in my hand- in which it goes; to companion by the way with mine the privilege, mine the sacred duty, mine Him who said, "Let us cross to the other side," the high honor of interpreting the Message of all and to find at the end that one service you were men's Father to these His children who know Him put here to find I-Who but a foreign missionary not. Mine the Bread of Life to give, mine the Liv- can know what it is like and what foreign mis- ing Water, mine the Abundant Life which comes sionary can really tell anyone about it? with the possession of Christ. Like Frederic My- "Why do you do it?" an English neighbor in ers' Paul, Shimonoseki (Japan) used frequently to ask me. Then, with a rush, the intolerable craving The question was accompanied by a deeply puz- Shivers throughout me like a trumpet call, zled look which indicated the sincerity of the ques- and the desire to give them something, something, tioner's desire to know. She was a former actress before they go away-some of them never to reon the London stage, whose life had held no place turn-amounts to a passion terrific and exhaustfor religion in any form, and in Japan only be- ing. cause her husband was in business here, chafing constantly at the necessity which kept her in this And how could I tell of that joy,-surpassing part of the world. My being here as a matter of other joys in depth and solemnity-which comes deliberate choice was something utterly beyond with the knowledge that God has let me lead one her grasp; how could I tell her so that she could of His seeking children to where He might be understand? That understanding in some meas- found. The illuminating effect, in one's own spirure, did come to her, as she told me in a letter after itual life, of such an expe~ience is beyond the moving to another town. "I went to a reception power of words to convey. I never felt this more recently," she wrote, "and met only one woman strongly than when one of our loveliest girls died, whose face attracted me. I was not surprised a little over a year ago, very soon after she had when I learned that she was the only missionary found Christ.

present that night. I think that before I left Until a few short months before she died, Shimonoseki I got a glimmer of why you are over The Christ to her was all unknown. here and why you are happy to be here and no But she made such haste to open wide where else." How that glimmer reached her I do Her heart, and sweep it clean of faiths outgrownnot know, for truly one does not, cannot, speak Legacies of a pagan age, far past and dim, of the great forces which wrestle with one's soul Of quests for the truth her forbears sought to knowwhen once the hand of God has fallen upon it. And give all its generous room to Him, Whose beauty in that first hour filled her so. There is the silence of a spiritual crisis, That when (so soon it seemed to us) there came Through which your soul, exquisitely tortured, That last great call from Him-to leave all on earth Comes with visions not to be uttered And earth itself-it was with just that same Sweet readiness, that quick response to worth Into a realm of higher life. Revealed in Him-the Bridgegroom of the soul- That she obeyed. And tired young body all forgot, How could I, for instance, ever communicate Pain all forgot, in garments, shining, whole, that feeling which comes over me with a rush Bride-like, her spirit went to Him, tarrying not.

some ntiomnebse1wl· ehveenrsI -satacn1dasbsefoofreyoaugnrgoumpeno,f Japa- While I, who on a darkened way nese eager Sought to give a fellow-traveler light, and thoughtful regarding life, but endowed with a Sharing the strength of my own dim ray, [583 ]

Find the road grown luminous and bright ,happy, beyond words, that it led me to Japan. I With a radiancy which far outshone have found, I know beyond all doubt, my service My own! here. The sense of belonging is so complete and satisfying. There is no question of sacrifice. That Not that a missionary is a constant dweller on would come in having to go away, leaving my task unfinished. To retrace one's steps over one's road, rarified spiritual heights! I wonder if it is possi- away from "that one service" in which one found so much joy-that would be a sacrifice which I ble to imagine blacker des-pair than I have known pray may not be asked of me.

in hours of questioning my fitness for the task to When Time's little day has slipped away into the shadows of a forever-closed past-when the which I am committed? I heard Dr. Speer say, endless Tomorrow has dawned for souls at home with the Father, I fancy that a large company at a Student Volunteer Convention many years will gather about the Master, and, just as the dis- ciples did on their return from missions upon ago, that a missionary's preparation for his work which He had sent them, they will tell Him, each one, of what happened on the one road each had consists in getting possession of the Gospel Mes- taken, of what each had seen, and felt, and said, and done! How free then will be the talk-of forsage. (1) In his mind, "he must know what he is est trails and lonely huts in Africa, and of black men joining the "Tribe of God"; of how India's to say and be clear that he believes it, for the day many faiths and creeds gave way before "The Christ of the Indian Road"; of how China broke will come when he will stand with it,all alone, through a fog of bewilderment and uncertainty, superstition and strife, to the light shed by the speaking to men who are absolutely secure in their personality of the Prince of Peace; of how all the many "systems" in Japan-the social and indusposition of challenge and of doubt." (2) In his trial, educational and religious, bec'ame permeated with the spirit and thought of Jesus; of how He life, ". . . for the people to whom he goes can- was made to walk again in Bible lands, under- stood, received and adored; and so on around the not see a Christ who is not incarnated for them." world which God so loved that He gave His Son to save. How easy it will be then to break the Doubt as to whether one has the first of these silence of years and how sweet the understanding and fellowship! I would rather have a seat in two qualifications may, perchance, never trouble that gathering of "returned missionaries" than a throne in the greatest kingdom on earth! one, but how often the doubt as to whether one "PRAY ONE FOR ANOTHER" can lay claim to the second requirement brings JAMES 5: 16 on sleepless nights and hours of agony! If we I cannot tell why there should come to me missionaries were only more completely in pos- A thought of someone miles and miles away, session of the Message in our lives, the peoples of In swift insistence on the memory- Unless there be a need that I should pray. these lands to which we have come would not be Too hurried oft are we to spare a thought, so long in opening their hearts to receive the For days together, of some friend away, Christ whom we preach and then deny! Perhaps God does it for us, and we ought To read His signal as a call to pray. Another difficult but, to my mind, very essen- Perhaps, just then, my friend has fiercer fight, tial thing in a missionary is the ability to give his Some overwhelming sorrow or decay life to the people and to the particular task to Of courage; darkness, some lost sense of right; And so, in case he needs my help, I pray. whom and to which it has been dedicated and, at Friend, do the same for me! If I, unsought, the same time, keep a place in his heart for fields Intrude upon you, on some crowded day, and phases of missionary endeavor other than his Give me a moment's prayer, in passing thought, Be very sure I need .it: therefore, pray. own. A missionary should be the most broad- MARIANNE F ARNINGHAM. minded, the biggest-hearted, the most widely and deeply sympathetic man on God's earth. How can a true missionary be otherwise? The missionary vision must necessarily include a world won for Christ. The Master's thoughts were never only for those to whom He happened to be ministering at any particular time, but "other sheep have I which are not of this cfaorled,"trHemeesnadi~dusalnYd embraced all in His love. To about the world, even as P·aul, and Livingstone, and other great missionary souls have done! "Read your home letters first," said Stanley. "You must be impatien.t for them." "Oh," said Livingstone, "I have waIted for years for letters. I can wait a few hours longer. No, tell me first, how's the world getting on?"

Forbes Robinson, in his Letters, s'ays that his father on his death bed cried, "If I had a thousand lives to give I would give them all all to the min- istry!" If I had a thousand lives to give I believe I would want to give them all to missionary work for Christ. But since I have only the one, and so could follow only one of the many roads, I am

Christ Found Me in

The Story of Ajitadass, Translated by MASON OLCOTT, Vellore I WAS born a Jain in Banyan Village, six miles shady place where with great joy I prayed, was from Tindivanam, South Arcot District. My quiet and read my Bible. I carried my school family are the strictest of vegetarians, eating textbooks outside of my Bible and used to read no meat, eggs, onions or radishes. They never eat them when anyone came near. During the year I after dark and strain all they drink, so as not to used to walk every Sunday to attend the mission kill any animal life, however small. They gave church, six miles each way. I made no distinction me the name Ajitadass, Servant of Ajita, the Un- in my treatment of Untouchables and was deconquerable, the second of the great Jain saints. spised for doing this.

I was scrupulous in performing all my religious The following June I was allowed by my family duties. to return to Tindivanam and went regularly to Up to the third class I studied in the Banyan church. One Sunday I decided to remove my Village school. Then I was sent to live in the Jain caste mark and sacred thread; even when the Dis- Hostel at Tindivanam where we learned Sanskrit trict Educational Officer came to our hostel, I reand studied the sacred books of my religion. At fused to wear a caste mark. For this the J ains that time I joined the Arcot Mission High School. troubled me. Once I returned late from a Chris- I now rejoice that I had this chance to study Eng- tian meeting and ate food after dark, for which lish and hear of Christ. But for years it was only I was severely reprimanded by the hostel superin.. out of compulsion that I studied the Bible. One tendent. Cast out by my own people, I went to day when I made up my own verses and pretended live with a Christian teacher. The Jains tried to they were from the Bible, I was severely punished put me to shame but I took courage to read the because I had failed to study Christ's words. Bible in their presence. I failed in my college entrance examination partly because of severe iB- When I was in fifth form, my Bible teacher was ness from typhoid fever two months earlier. I Mr. Sundaram, the Headmaster. At 11 o'clock on went to Madras where I completed my eighteenth the morning of September 24, 1932-1 was fifteen year and the next few months were spent at Katyears old, and I remember the time since it was padi and Chittoor. Then I wrote a long letter to the turning point of my life-he told us how Jesus my family explaining why I had confessed faith was scourged 39 times, was spat upon, tortured with· a crown of thorns and nailed to the cross. in Christ. He also read Isaiah 53: 4-7; "He was wounded In September, 1935, Mr. Archibald's Gospel adfor our transgressions. . . . By His stripes we are healed. . . . When he was afflicted, He opened dresses in Vellore made me want to hear further, not his mouth." so I went to Trichinopoly. Missing the train and being delayed, for two days I went without food; When I heard this, tears came to my eyes and but Christ sustained me and gave me peace. On my heart was deeply stirred. Without speaking to hearing Mr. Archibald speak on Jesus shedding anyone, I returned to the Hostel stunned, not his blood to give us the Water of Life, my heart knowing what to do. As I read frOom the Bible, was broken and I found fuller peace and joy. This peace came to my mind. I spent so much time on was the second great change in my life.

the Bible that I neglected my other lessons, about Later, going to Madl'as, I preached Christ to the which the Headmaster warned me. Two mOonths despised and neglected, going to the Outcaste later I went secretly to him and said that I wanted quarter with Christian friends. Hindus started to become a Christian. He replied, "You are only to insult and stone us, and I underwent other per- 15. Wait for three years until legally yOou can secutions, having my box, some books and my make your own decision. Then we shall see. In Bible fOorcibly taken from me. A preacher sent the meantime, don't tell anyone." Before I was me to Chittoor by a roundabout way and there I 18, Mr. Sundaram had died. Gradually the Jain coached some Christian young men in the songs religion lost its hold Oon me. Many noticed this for a Christmas drama at Katpadi, and gave a but of the inner change of faith they did not know. kalatchebam (songs and explanation) on "The . The next school year, my uncle took me from Other Wise Man." Thank God for giving me His Tindivanam High School to shield me from Chris- joy, courage and power of speech.

tian influence. But every day I used to go to a In January, 1936, false charges were brought [ 5851

against me but I opened my Bible and read the to identify the guilty person and their description words, "The Lord is my light and my salvation, did not at all fit me. Because of the delay in my whom shall I fear?" Several police officials came reaching Trichy the end of October, I had not to the house to take me in a car to the police sta- been there when the forgery was committed. tion. Before leaving, I prayed in their presence. Thus God guided me and delivered me from these They accused me of having obtained Ros. 250 on false charges. false pretenses from a Jain abbot and of having forged a police inspector's signature. They asked Going to the Bible Training Centre of the Interme to admit this crime and promised that, if I did Varsity Fellowship in Madras, I awoke at 4: 30 so, my uncle would come to my rescue and pay the one morning for my devotions, and was in the money. I asserted my innocence and when they courtyard when two rowdies broke in and put a asked me to go back to the Jain religion, I an- cloth round my neck. I said, "If you do me no swered that I had come to Christ trusting Him, further harm, I shall go with you." They covered and would not leave Him, even at the risk of my face and' put me in a jutka and took me death. They kept me locked up from 4 p. m. on through the streets for two hours. When day beone day until 10 p. m. of the next, asking me many gan to dawn they took me out and walked by my questions, mostly about my personal life, to which side. When two motors passed, the men crossed I answered nothing. I spent my time reading the the road, and I was able to escape from them. I Bible and praying. There were no bounds to my stayed in a mango orchard until noon and finally joy, for like Paul I was considered worthy to suf- was sent back to the Training Centre. Next year fer for Christ. Men came later from Trichinopoly my hope is to study the Word of God, for I have learned that He alone is the Unconquerable.

Wanted, a Demonstration of Unity By REV. JOHN J. BANNINGA, D.D.

M.issionary of the American Board, Pasumalai, South India T HE Church of Christ throughout the world should have churches expressing their faith in desperately needs an actual demonstration of Chr,ist in their own national ways. what union in spirit and service can do for the extension of the Kingdom of God. In a mul- Especially since the Great War, these Christitude of ways the Church seems to have reached tians have realized that Christianity is not. the a deadlock in spiritual power, in social activity, product of western civilization, but that Jesus and in world fellowship. Something desperate Himself was born in Asia and that therefore the needs to be done to break this deadlock, or correct people of Asia need not go to Europe for their this atrophy. On the foreign mission fields the Christianity but that they can go straight to the work has largely been carried out by division of New Testament for it. Perhaps a new, direct apthe territory into mission areas so that each proach to Christ, by those who have not been Church has practically had a field to itself. bound by all the graveclothes of European tradi- tion, may enable them to follow Him better than Bishop Azariah, of South India, saId at the they would if they followed European churches Lausanne Conference in 1927, that most Indians first and Christ second. are members of one Church or another, not because of theological opinions, but because of geo- India has been cut up into innumerable divigraphical location. He said, "I am an Episco- sions by all the forces that have entered that counpalian in the first instance because my father and try. Not only has the caste system divided India mother lived in a district where the Church of into very throughly segregated groups, but her England took up work. Had they lived one hun- religiol!s differences, even within Hinduism, have dred miles further north I would have been a made them go further in those separations. In member of the American Congregational Mis- South India the division of the followers of Vishnu sion.'" Since that is true the Indians, as well as into the Cat-doctrine and the Monkey-doctrine the Chinese, Japanese and other national Chris- schools has brought great bitterness. Even at the tians, feel that they should not take the denom- annual festivals at Conjeeveram the followers of inationalism of western countries but that they the one doctrine are ready to fight those who hold the other for the honor of certain positions near

WA.NTED, A DEMONSTRATION OF UNITY

the temple car as it is dragged around the city. others see it. We are wrong in our differences Denominationalism is known within Hinduism and separations. We will find ourselves more and this gives all the more surprise to the Hindu nearly right in our agreements and in our unities. when he finds the same in Christianity where he expects to find unity and peace because of the his- For some fifteen years the churches in South toric character of its Founder. Not a few Chris- India have been working on this problem and tian converts today are hesitating to join any they have evolved a scheme which seems pracchurch because they say that by joining one ticable to the representative Committee. Each church they cut themselves off from communion group have given to the Scheme what they thought in another. They feel that the followers of Jesus best in their experience. The Methodists (for- Christ should all belong to one great fellowship, merly English Wesleyans) have insisted that in and that a Christian in one place should be wel- all parts of the Scheme and in the duties of all its officers and church bodies the spirit of winning comed as a: Christian in another. When one really men to Christ (Evangelism) must be dominant. The Presbyterians have said that, in their expericomes to look at it, how terrible it is that we fol- ence, the position and work of the Presbyter (or lowers of Christ have such exalted opinions of Elder) and that of the Presbytery have been of ourselves and our ancestors that we think we great value to the Church. The Episcopalian says have the real truth in Christ while all others have that throughout their history the position of the at most only partial truth. Would it not be much Bishop, as the Father in God of the Flock and the better if we all would unite into one great body leader in spiritual and administrative work, has and recognize each other as fellow-Christians, fol- brought unity within and effective work without lowers of the one Lord, and sharing with each the Church. While the Congregationalis:ts have other the gifts that God has given each of us. felt that Christian forces can best work when each What a rich body the followers of Christ would local group find themselves free from all outside be if they would share their visions and their ac- authority and carry the full responsibility and encomplishments with each other. The prayer of thusiasm for founding the Church in that locality Christ would then be answered soon, "that they and there setting forth Christ as the Saviour of all may be one – that the world may know that men. In this South India Scheme these various Thou didst send me." elements 'have been brought together in a plan that the Committee believes to be harmonious and And why does each denomination assume that well-balanced. No one of the elements of the it is right and all others wrong? I recognize that uniting churches has been taken over in its origithat feeling is slowly dying out, but there are still nal form, but each gift from the churches has many who essentially hold that they are right and been so modified that it fits into the whole Scheme. that, therefore, all others are wrong. What is the basis for such a feeling? It seems to me axio- There are still many minor details that must be matic that worked out and time and again the Scheme has been submitted to the governing bodies of the 1. All denominations are essentially equal in intellectual churches concerned; then it has been brought back to the Committee for rewording or rewritability. ing, It is hoped that no Council will repudiate the Scheme or vote to stop negotiations. It is 2. There is no essential difference in the denominations in recognized in South India, as well as in other parts of the world, that there must be a definite setting their loyalty to Christ. . forth in actual practice of what can be done to bring the separated branches of the Church of 3. All are practically equal in their spiritual insight and Christ closer together.

their resultant devotion to God through Christ. The Next Step 4. All denominations try to work out practically in their What then should be the next step in the Church Union movement? It seems to me that the thing daily lives what they have seen in Christ. we all want is some actual demonstration which will reveal to us what is possible in this great There is no great difference between the Evan- movement. We have so long lived in our separagelical denominations in intellectual, moral, so- tions that we scarcely believe that union is poscial, or practical understanding and application sible. In the San Francisco Bay, engineers are of the principles of Christ. Why then should any building two great bridges across the waters. denomination assert that their interpretation of After the engineers had prepared their plans and a particular doctrine is the only one that is cor- estimates, after all their scientific research work rect. The very fact that other intelligent, devoted had been done, neither they nor the general public Christians can interpret some doctrine differently from the way I interpret them gives me pause in asserting my interpretation. Perhaps there is something that I have not yet fully understood and perhaps I ought to fellowship more with those who differ from me in order that I may learn from them. The trouble is we have all built fences around ourselves and have carefully protected ourselves and our followers from seeing truth as

were willing to go forward with this work until perfect the Scheme are satisfied that they have models had been made to show how the bridges found a way in which this work can be begun. would look and how they would be able to stand They all agree that great improvements are still up against the weather, and the traffic that would possible in that experiment, but they also realoperate on them. When these models and experi- ize that something must be done besides Wk. ments had been completed, then construction on There has been plenty of consultation and discusthe bridges themselves began, with the absolute sion. What we want now is something that we assurance that the bridges would accomplish the can see with our eyes and handle with our hands purposes for which they were built. -something that will be really a working model. If that proves successful, well and good, others In the same way we need an experiment in can follow its example. If it proves faulty then Church Union. We need to have a model set up, changes can be made and failure prevented. so that we can see what it would look like, how it While unions have succeeded where there were would work, and what may be wrong with it. similarities in polity and doctrine, we must now Then larger and better models can be built until go further and unite those that differ in these the fundamental laws of such union are discov- things, and by actual union we will learn how to ered and we can go ahead and complete the great unite, until all Christians can again live together work. in one family. Yes, that is a hard task. That is an impossible thing for men. But it is not im- South India seems nearest ready to adopt such possible when the· Spirit of the Almighty finds a model. Both the Christians who are directly concerned in that union in South India and all men and women that are willing to be led into the those in authority in the home churches of which fulness of His truth. He cannot have two truths these mission churches are offspring, should feel or two interpretations of truth. But He can show the great responsibility that rests on them and forth a great spirit of love that will level all should endeavor to consummate the present move- roughness, and straighten all crooked ways. ment. Those who have spent years in trying to Missionaries as Seen by a Zulu By JOHN L. DUBE, Founder of Ohlange Institute, Natal U P TO the present time the missionary in nomic resources of a State. It provides larger this country has taken upon himself the markets and greater skilled labor. task of educating, civilizing and Christianizing the Bantu. This race looks upon the mis- Some races are inferior, but their inferiority sionary as Christ's messenger, and not only the is a matter of comparison. Missionaries are not teacher of the people but as a father in whose frightened by theories of inferiority, for their steps they walk to the enlightenment which is his work among primitive races has borne good fruit. through Christ. Missionaries educate and Christianize all races, for they have been charged to "go and teach all Although missionaries work under different nations." To them primitive races and those comgovernments they have a brotherhood which is paratively in a lower state of civilization receive not subject to the State government. The law greater sympathy because they deal with all men and example of Christ are theirs, and this is the not according to nationality, but as followers of basis of the stability of their policy. They are Christ. not obsessed with a fear complex, for they know that even primitive people, under good intl.uence The hardships missionary work has to encounand guidance, can reach a state of responsibility ter, with the meager support it gets, are well and peace to all men. known, but undaunted the missionaries have pressed forward, opening schools and churches Christianity raises the status of a man, and in and repdering sacrificial service to the people. this manner increases his needs with regard to There is a great need of this spirit among our health, food, occupation and recreation. It, there- own people, for the time is ripe when the Bantu fore, cannot be regarded as endangering existing should shoulder greater responsibility in Chrisgovernments by inj uring their economic resources tianizing and educating their own people. The by raising an inferior race to the plane of a need for the extension of missionary work within higher; but it increases and stabilizes the eco- the Union of South Africa and the Protectorates is great.

Memories of Jean

Mackenzie =M=C=CL=E=AR=Y===~II~- -•..efI.!I;;I===B=y=M=R=S=.C=HA=RL=E=S=W=.

T HERE was great rejoicing in our West into practice. Meeting a native boy she innocently Africa Mission when in 1904 we learned of said, in a friendly way, "I am going to hell, will the appointment of a new young woman mis- you walk with me?" The affrighted boy said, "No. sionary to our field. One of the senior workers, I refuse to go with you." Somewhat puzzled at having just returned from furlough, recalled this attitude, she reviewed her words and found meeting her in the United States. She had ap- the mistaken name of the place she intended to proached him with questions about the work and visit. When this was corrected the boy gladly had expressed a desire to join us. In time Jean joined her and they journeyed together to the town.

Mackenzie came and began her Adj ustment to the food of a work for Africa. Since then new country is always difficult she has been a blessing to two and the new missionary missed whole continents. Trials as her American favorites. Coffee well as her joys began imme- was felt to be a necessity and diately upon her arrival on on a long "bush" trip, when shore. Her trunk was wet with very hungry, she espied a sea water and we all knew the trader's house and shop on the results that would follow. The top of a high hill. We remem- colors of a little silk American ber how she wondered audibly flag that a friend had given her whether he might have some ran through her wardrobe, coffee. The house cook was with the result that African wont to tell us how fond she women received gifts of the was of his cookies. I remember variegated cloth. Jean took her a time when we were rooming disappointment as a part of together that I was awaked by African mission life. Jean one night asking if I sup- Being assigned to the first posed we could find something inland station, she made the to eat. A midnight prowl re- jungle-trip by hammock and sulted in a "find" in the host- afoot, and then settled down in ess' cookie jar.

one of the tiny rooms of a bark- Jean once told of a long, walled cottage. Here she be- weary day in the jungle, when came intimately acquainted Bachrach physical strength was over- with the family and loved them JEAN KENYON MAOKENZIE taxed. Upon reaching her desdearly. When some sympa- tination she called for a pan of thizing friends in America offered to sponsor the water, removed her shoes and stockings and building of a little house for her to occupy alone plunged her poor, aching feet into the water, and she realized that this sacrifice would involve a in her own words "wept into it too."

sac:dfice of time needed for the evangelistic work At one time she was assigned to one of the coast and she dismissed it with the same fortitude that stations where the contact .with the white man she had shown in the loss of her clothing. had changed the people from the ignorant type of Jean Mackenzie began immediately to adapt bushmen. She spent long hours with the old herself to the place, the customs, and language of pioneers gaining folklore and many reminiscences.

the people and spent many hours in visiting huts She had remarkable ability to construct most in- and villages where she acquired the language teresting stories from a little material. She con- firsthand. How the people learned to love her! fided to us one day that sometime she would write One day, after having spent hours in language a book. Faithfully and well she has used her won- study, she sallied forth to put her new knowledge derful talent as the Church at home well knows.

[589 ]

Her story about writing her father's biography to see her "walk and not faint." Surely the words is unique. She quietly questioned him at inter- of her Saviour to Mary of Bethany may be said vals about his early life, he never suspicioned her of our Jean, "She hath done what she could."

motive. One day when the Atlantic Monthly came Jean Kenyon Mackenzie – Interpreter* to her father's home she saw him don his glasses to read it. Covertly she watched him from behind Jean Kenyon Mackenzie was for eleven years a her book, saw his gaze at the title-"The Story of missionary in Africa. a Fortunate Youth"-scan it a minute and then She was born in Elgin, Ill., the daughter of began to read. With riveted and dilating eyes he Scottish parents, Rev. and Mrs. Robert Macread and then began to frown, smile, chuckle, and kenzie. Her school years were spent in San Franfinally he called her a rather uncompli.mentary cisco, and later she studied at the Sorbonne, in name. Their love and mutual understandmg were Paris. Her father, who came to America when he great, and finally they had a good laugh together. was nineteen years of age, became pastor of Rut- When the monthly mail steamer arrived in West gers Presbyterian Church in New York, and dur- Africa everything else gave way to the reading of ing his pastorate his daughter volunteered for home letters. How she did enjoy them and the service as a missionary in West Africa under the magazines! Some will recall Jean's style of pen- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. . manship, with her broad pen and lines written at In 1904 she went to what was then the German wide intervals on thin stationary. Once when colony of Kamerun (Cameroun), where she saw visiting a neighboring station, she sat by a co- service for the next ten years in four different worker and both were busily engaged in writing for the outgoing mail. Suddenly Jean paused and stations, all but one "bush" towns in the interior. Thirty years ago this equatorial section was still asked, "When your letters arrive home,. do .y.our "darkest Africa." Gorillas and elephants were people send them over the country to mqmrmg friends?" Upon being answered in the negative, common, travel was on foot or by canoe, or at best in the one-wheeled chair called a "push-push," or she said: "Well, mine do but they will not do so with this one." Then taking her blunt pen she in a hammock swung from a pole borne by porters. printed across the page in a horizontal line, in In 1914, because of ill health, Miss Mackenzie large letters, a slang word sufficiently prohibitive retired from service in Africa and devoted herself to writing about that part of ,the continent which to prevent broadcasting. . is still so little known. After the outbreak of the World War, however, and with the capture of We ever marveled at her self-control; but once, Kamerun by French forces, her return was asked by the mission staff. In the transfer of property when overexasperated at a coworker of the sterner and the establishment of missionary work under a new regime, Miss Mackenzie's fluent French sex she shook her little fist at him and said, "I and her experience on three continents would be of value. The submarine danger was at its height, am'very angry at you." The argument closed im- but by going via Spain and the Canary Islands she made her way eventually to the African coast. mediately. Perhaps the brightest spot in her fir~t This emergency year of service ended, Miss term was the visit of Dr. A. W. Halsey and hIS Mackenzie returned to New York, settling down to a career of writing. The vivid recollections of wife to our field. This was our first secretarial her experiences in Africa resulted in a series of articles and essays in the Atlantic Monthly. She visit and we all greatly enjoyed his season with also wrote several books: "Black Sheep," "An African Trail," "African Adventures," "African us, but no one so much as Jean. Clearings," "The Story of a Fortunate Youth" (an account of the early life of her father), "The . Great was our sorrow when she returned home. Venture" (poems.), "Friends of Africa," "The Trader's Wife." Later how deeply we appreciated her heroic and In 1923 Miss Mackenzie was elected a member brave service as she again heard the call to Africa of the Board of Foreign Missions, and three years later was appointed as its speci.al representative and answered it during the World War. She told Le to the international and interdenominational conus of being alone in the lower part of that big ference held in Zoute, Belgium, which discussed ship, in the submarine zone, and we knew that the future of mission work in Africa in view of only He whom she served had kept her for us.

The results of her services are written in our Mission's war history. When she again left us, she explained that she had promised her father that when he called her she would return, and the time had come. But orice when I was on furlough she confided to me her great desire to return to the field. Each time she followed a company of coworkers to the steamer to say "Good-bye" her streaming eyes followed the boat, as it wended its way Africaward.

. The home Church and literary world knew how, in the words of the Prophet, she "mounted upon wings" but to us who knew her there, it was given • Condensed from Women and Missions, October, 1936.

INTIMATE MEMORIES OF JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE

rapidly changing economic and social conditions realm of human nature. We often saw through over the continent. Here her gift of understandingall sorts and conditions of people came into a her eyes and felt drawn with her nearer to tpe full play. Out of this conference grew many of the most valuable modern developments in African mind and heart. No one else served Christian work in Africa, including the founding country or people more wholeheartedly, or re~­ of a committee to provide Christian literature. Miss Mackenzie died in New York City on Sep- dered more acceptable service to her Lord and tember 2d of this year. Master, than did our coworker, Jean Kenyon Mac- Recollections of a Fellow Missionary kenzie. (MRS. W. S.) ANNA M. LEHMAN. Of the many high recommendations proffered at the time of Jean Mackenzie's 'appointment to A Tribute from a Friend the West Africa Mission, one given by her own father spoke of Jean's "adaptability." Jean Mackenzie was the gifted daughter of a gifted Scotch "domsie," a real child of the manse. Traveling with her down the West Coast, trek- She was as Scotch as if she had been born in king through the bush for days in the rain, living Thrums. Her father never outgrew the traits with her under the same leaky roof, experiencing which made him so definitely a Scot, and Jean intogether a smallpox epidemic, only served to illu- herited from him his rare and delicate humor, his minate her many choice characteristics and to keen insight and lofty imagination, his deeply make us value more and more our new friend and spiritual nature. They looked alike and thought fellow worker. Sympathetic and understanding alike, and in her later years, as she grew older, she was, practical and efficient, ready to share she had so perfectly his ruddy color, his round with black or white not just things alone but her face crowned with soft white hair, and his serene philosophy and attitude toward life, her friends blue eyes, that the resemblance was very striking. and family, and her findings in the African heart Her "Story of a Fortunate Youth" is a beautiful and forest. All who have read her writings know tribute to him. how keenly observant she was, and how much she got as well as gave during her sojourn in Africa. When she came back from Africa on her first furlough, in the fall of 1906, she, who was never Arriving at her station, she gave herself scant very strong, during that winter in New York she three days to unpack her small iron trunks, to establish herself at a rough homemade desk and JEAN MACKENZIE TOURING IN AFRICA arrange her belongings in a third-hand chest of drawers. In the cramped space of a 10 by 14 did a good deal of work and speaking. Among room, she allowed herself but one or two at a time of her treasures and bits of art, living through other duties, she taught a class of girls in the Sabthe calendar with now a brass bowl, next a "Boy and Violin," or some hand-catved panels. bath school of Rutgers Church. It was a rare Self-discipline ranked high in her catalog of privilege for those girls to have such a teacher! virtues. She disciplined herself to a routine of hours and days, sometimes stepping out and fac- One can easily believe that the fascination, the ing "right about" in an opposite direction from that in which the precious monthly foreign mail charm, the devotion of that frail, earnest young was expected. What a wealth of love and friendship, of warming one's self at ,the home hearth woman lent a compelling force and an unforgetthere would be in store for her, with the opening of that tin hamper of mail from across the sea! table impression to the message she taught, which One has only to read her "Exile and the Postman" to know what it meant to her. Yet we saw her has had an influence beyond computation in that deliberately walking away from it, to return only after her self-appointed task of the day was done. mission in Africa. She always schooled herself to the more difficult way. If perchance there was some individual We of Rutgers Presbyterian Church had the who just naturally "rubbed the wrong way," then it was her practice to make an especial effort to rare pleasure of seeing her frequently as she came be friendly or do a favor for that one. to the meetings of the Women's Guild, and other She was a sharer of good things-as much as one can share of family, privilege, appreciation of church services during her first, second, and third beauty, and happy discoveries one makes in the furloughs. She brought the story of God's love to eager listeners, and through her the Sun of Righteousness began to shine in many darkened hearts and home1l ' ..

Of all the missionary speakers I have ever His love, gentle in her own indescribable way, cheerful as she made her efforts for the happiness heard, no one has ever so moved me with the feel- of others, but above all, as a creative mind at work, enriching and interpreting human life. ing of the world's need and the power of God's "The Word of God is a real word," she would love. With such extraordinary gifts of mind and often say. She heard it in the creative process of the natural world, for her it was hidden in the heart and tongue, it has been hard to understand course of things. She heard it in her girlhood, in the African forest, in her home in Riverdale. She why she was not given commensurable bodily recognized the word of God in the Bible. "I found in the Biblical stories, while at work in Mrica, the strength to use her powers to the utmost. She actual word of God to those people,"· she said.

always worked to the limit of her strength, and She shared the sufferings of the Master. When she was writing the devotional studies for Women when she found herself unable to do much speak- and Missions, she worked in great weakness and almost continuous physical discomfort. She ing she gave herself to writing as long as she would come down the stair, obviously pale and worn with her wrestling in prayer. There was in could. A large audience, in secular and religious her studies, in consequence, an almost angelic tenderness and heroism. There was in them the magazines and in her books, have felt the spell adoration of one who had met the Lord in the flame, and been marked with the secret fire. of her pen. GEORGE M. DUFF. In her the natural body could change to the spiritual body with less change than for most of us. (MRS. JOHN H.) MARTHA B. FINLEY.

A Word from Her Pastor Jean Mackenzie meant to the Church what high talent dedicated to a high task can mean. During the more than twenty years that she lived in Riverdale after her return from Africa, she appeared as a shining being amid the daily round of duties-reticent as one truly absorbed in God and Signs of Progress in West Africa By REV. R. S. ROSEBERRY, Kankan, French West Africa "CUT her throat! Cut her throat!" was the ered by this account, namely, Senegal, Guinea, command of the slave driver more than a Sudan and Ivory Coast. These colonies have a hundred years ago, as the long caravan of population of approximately ten million people.

slaves wended its way across the Sudan to Prior to the forward movement of missions, Gambia. The little slave girl could no longer keep Mohammedanism had captured the territory along up with the caravan that Mungo Park was ac- the banks of the Niger westward to the Atlantic.

companying on his return trip from his first visit Entering this region from the north about the to the Niger. The slave girl's throat was cut, and eighth century, they had hundreds of years to the scanty clothing that covered her body sal- press their conquest before the advent of the mis- vaged. It might be said that Mungo Park's first sionary of Christ. Rome had also followed closely trip to the Niger was the beginning of the over- the French conquest and was installed in a num- throw of the slave traffic in West Africa. The ber of pagan centers.

advent of civilized government accomplished it. The great Harris mass movement had stirred The hinterland was held by powerful Mohamme- the southern part of the Ivory Coast, carrying dan war lords who did not yield without many a everything before it like a hurricane. Pushing battle. The closing years of the nineteenth cen- back from the coast about three hundred miles, it tury saw these conquered and the land opened to had turned many people from their fetish wor- commerce. ship, leaving them, however, with very little con- French West Africa, a colonial empire of vast ception of real Christianity. In many places extent, borders the Atlantic Ocean on the west where instruction failed to arrive in time they and stretches east to the Egyptian Sudan, reach- drifted into other forms of paganism.

ing from the Mediterranean on the north to the In 1918, at the close of the World War, the Gulf of Guinea on the south. Only four of the evangelical advance into the interior was begun.

colonies comprising French West Africa are cov- A line of stations was opened from Faranah, near

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN WEST AFRICA

the source of the Niger River, down to Timbuctoo books which mean to them a new life. They in and across the buckle of the Niger to Gao. This turn become teachers to help others. The call move placed us in strategic centers, giving us a comes from far and near for help to reap the har- working base in at least twenty-five of the more vest. In order to meet the emergency workers than one hundred tribes in this territory. The have been shifted from less responsive Mohamme- number of tribes, increased the usual language dan tribes to the awakened areas. This has some- barrier. Here were many distinct languages, times meant leaving good buildings vacant, but some of them subdivided into dialects, a decided what is a building in comparison with an oppor- obstacle to rapid evangelization. By evangelizing tunity? The missionaries are willing to live in we do not mean proclaiming the message in a ter- grass hut training camps that they may teach the ritory once or twice and then passing on to the needy ones. What a pleasure it is to visit these next district. True evangelization raises up and same sections where the devil reigned so long, and establishes groups of believers who can carryon meet earnest followers of Christ who sit by the for themselves. This was the New Testament hour and listen to the Word! Oftentimes many method. It is not the drilling of men and women tribes are represented in these gatherings, all in a creed with the hope that they will gradually meeting at a common mercy seat.

develop into a Christian community. Evangeliza- Pagans and Ohristians tion means the transformation of men and women by the direct power of God. Anything short of The way has not been easy. Persecution has this is a waste of time and money. broken out which has shown the intense hatred Fortunately the major part of the societies that that always follows a real work of God. The entered this territory belong to strong funda- pagan forces have rallied in some sections to drive medal groups, with a resulting unity of program out the native workers. In one town especially which greatly aids in the evangelization of the their hatred became so intense that they not only territory. Beginning with two workers in 1918, drove the native teacher away, tearing down his the Christian and Missionary Alliance, before the house, but even threatened the missionary with close of 1928, had placed a force of sixty on the violence. The native teacher was not to be so field. Other societies soon entered, so that now easily set aside and returned again and again more than one hundred and thirty missionaries until they beat him severely. He told them that are at work, representing at least eight societies. a beating on the left side was silver money, on The larger language groups have been entered, the other side, gold. He became rich in that kind and much has been accomplished toward giving of money before they grew tired and let him go. them the Word of God in their own tongue. His face shines with an inner light as he tells of Translating has been, for the most part, pioneer his experience. work and consequently has required much time and persistent effort. Into at least four of these In order to encourage these tried ones, conferlanguages the entire New Testament and a part ences have been convened in different districts of the Old Testament have been translated. Other with profit. This affords them an opportunity to pagan tribes have one or two Gospels and the get together and talk over their difficulties and story of some of the Old Testament portions. recite their victories over sin. It shows their strength as a body of believers and encourages After ten years of plodding and sowing the them to press forward through trials and suffergood seed the awakening came. It swept almost ing. It also provides an opportunity for Bible inlike a wave over the entire field. Section after struction and prayer for the isolated ones who section reported a turning to God from dumb do not have the privilege of a great center where idols. Paganism began to break and crumble on continual instruction is carried on. In a recent a wide front until it became exceedingly difficult conference the Spirit came upon those gathered to care for the instruction of inquirers, and many in prayer until strong men called aloud upon God fine opportunities were lost for the lack of to have mercy upon them. It is in hours of this reapers. kind that a new vision is imparted that gives the In order to take advantage of the movement, work new vigor and strength. Many of these training camps have been opened in many parts simple-hearted folk travel miles to attend such of the field to teach the people to read the Word gatherings. The Christians are encouraged to of God. It has been no small task to teach grown bring a love offering, which provides for those men and women from illiterate, pagan tribes. who are called of the Lord to go as evangelists After a busy day on the farm they come from and teachers into the district. The offering con- their fields to study the simple primers printed sists of grain, peanuts, and cowerie shells, which for their benefit. Their goal is a New Testament take the place of money in the more backward all their very own. How they treasure these districts. Many of the Christians are very poor,

and consequently their offerings are not large j did not grasp the message until I heard the Evan- gelist Bokari." This fiery evangelist makes Christ but they are a great help to their spiritual life. real and causes them to fear the wrath of God that will come upon them if they do not repent. No man can make progress in his spiritual ex- In order to get a sick man to a recent native con- ference he loaded him on his horse while he perience who does not bring an offering to the walked beside him, footsore and weary, over the hot, sandy trail. To hear him pray, "Lord, call Lord. forth shepherds to feed the sheep; call them, Lord, black or white! the sheep are many, but the Our hope for every town is to get at least one shepherds are few," is an inspiration indeed. One can well understand the burden that rests on his man to stand true to his faith. He becomes a heart.

rallying ground for others who perhaps are weak- While the results among the Mohammedans have not been as great as those among the pagan er in faith and not so courageous. The great work tribes, yet, strange to say, our foremost evangel- ists, men who have been trail blazers among the of the missionary at the present time is the train- pagans, were formerly bigoted followers of the false prophet. Is there not a lesson in that fact ing of native men and women as leaders. A cen- for us? The strongest fortifications once won in turn make the best strongholds. The Touaregs tral Bible school is being erected in the Sudan for and Arabs on the borders of the great Sahara, the pagan cliff dwellers of HabM land, the Bambaras this purpose. This will not replace the short term and Miankas with the Black and Red Bobos, the great Mossi tribe of the central Sudan, with the Bible training camps already established, but will Kissien, Toma, Gberese, Baouli and other tribes of the forest country, are forming to raise a supplement them. It is not proposed to give them chorus of praise to the Lamb of God who has re- deemed them. These delegations will hail the a higher education, which often seems to unfit King's arrival. Faithful God-ealled men and women are on the march over the burning sands men and women for real village work. Rather we of the desert, on the great open plains of the Sudan, in the somber forests, ever going forward would that they have a thorough knowledge of the to reach the last tribe with the message. Toiling on translation work at night, teaching men and Word of God, with a heart set on fire by the women to read, helping to build houses and chapels, bridging streams, opening new roads, Spirit. . slowly and oftentimes with breaking hearts, the Gospel army presses on to a sure success. The second session of one of these Bible train- ing institutes in HabM land was convened from March 24 to April 19 in 1936, with an enroll- ment of thirty-five regular and eight special stu- dents. Thirty-two of this number took the ex- amination at the close of the session. The course was not conducted without opposition from Satan which threatened at times to disrupt it altogether j but prayer prevailed, and not one left until the close. One can understand the urge that seizes the native to go back to his farm when a heavy rain falls and prepares the soil for sowing the seed.

Only the Lord can impart faith on these occasions and cause them to wait a little longer at the Mas- ter's feet and learn more of His Word.

A true and loyal native worker is a priceless boon to the missionary. The only hope of West Africa is men and women of this type. Again and again we hear the testimony of the natives: "I A TRIBE OF GOD In his letter to the Romans Paul writes, "And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my children; there shall they be called the children of the living God" (Romans 9: 26).

This prophecy is surely coming to pass in Africa. For many generations her people have been abused by all other nations. They have been harassed by merciless slave traders, ex- ploited by ruthless traders and industrial organizations, and divided up among the various nations of Europe. With the downfall of Ethiopia, Liberia is the only bit of independent ter- ritory in all that great continent. But God has blessed the Africans with a spirit of hope and optimism so that they have endured persecution and oppression, patiently awaiting the day of deliverance. That day is dawning now, for out of every tribe in Africa God is calling forth a people for Himself and through these people Africa will be delivered out of her age-old bondage. One old woman made the remark, "A new tribe is arising in Africa in our day- the tribe of God."-Clarence E. Carlson, in Gems of Cheer.

Lai Tsang, Missionary to

I _oo-lflf By MRS. C. S. DEMING, Seoul, Korea I fB.- ~==========================~ SOME years ago we first made Mr. Sen's ac- I thanked God, and took courage. Then it quaintance. Our little mission to the Chinese seemed not right to send a young man like that in Seoul had been opened only two Sundays alone into a hard place, for the Lord sent out the and, when passing through town on his way to disciples two by two. I prayed that some Chris- the steamer at Chemulpo, he came to morning tian might be found at Chemulpo, who would be a service. He was a member of Dr. Mateer's church help to him. The very next prayer meeting night, in Shantung, and had been engaged in a little a young man appeared in foreign clothes who said bakery, but as business was bad he was returning that he had served his apprenticeship at Chemulpo home. Just a young lad, insignificant looking, we as a tailor, and then returned home to Shanghai.

did not expect to see him again. His family were all Christians, and he became a Years passed. Our hearts became heavily Christian also, and had been baptized. Hearing burdened for Chemulpo, the nearest port to Che- that we had started a church in Seoul, he had foo, China, with its large Chinese settlement, for come to join us, having returned to Chemulpo nothing was being done for them. We had to start in business for himself. He told us that neither man nor funds to start this new work, but the other half of the house he occupied was vawe had God who hears and answers prayer. It cant, and that we could probably get it for our was not long before I saw Mr. Sen at one of our work. We went to Chemulpo the next day, had a evening prayer meetings in Seoul. He had just re- time of prayer in the tailor's shop, then rented the turned from China to try his hand at the bakery next door place for a little church. business once more and he was asked to bring a It was wonderful to see how the children flocked around Mr. Sen. He taught them to pray word of greeting from the home church. sentence by sentence, and got them to pray at It was a remarkable story he told. On going to home morning ar..d evening and at their meals, out China, he had met with a certain evangelist who loud so as to influence their parents. The children had been in an important position in a consulate spent so much time at the mission that the schoolbut reading the war news in the papers, felt con- teachers complained that they were neglecting vinced that it was one of the signs of the Lord's their lessons. Mr. Sen told them to come to the speedy return. He gave up his post, and set him- church after school and he would help them preself to do the work of an evangelist, trusting en- pare their home work, after which they had their tirely to the Lord to supply his wants and those daily Christian Endeavor service. He taught them of his large family. Mr. Sen joined him and in to pray over their lessons, so that one boy who preparation for his work, spent hours studying was bad in arithmetic, got 100 in his examination. God's Word and praying for the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Before long the answer came and When the influenza epidemic was about, Mr. the evangelist went out to do a great work for Sen was taken sick. His friend the tailor was God. away at the time and there was no coal. The weather was bitter and he was too ill to move. After speaking, Mr. Sen led in prayer, the most The children came and found the doors locked. wonderful prayer I ever heard. As he was pray- Mr. Sen called to them that there was no coal, so ing, the Lord said to me, "He is the man I have they would not have their r.egular meeting. When sent you for Chemulpo." they came the next day, and heard the same thing After the service, I asked him, "Are you will- they knew that something was wrong, and asked ing to go and start work for God in Chemulpo?" him why he was not up. When he told them that It was a hard task. He said, "I will pray about it, he was too sick and could not move, one of the and see if it is the Lord's will." The next week boys climbed to a second-story window and man- he told me that the Lord had appeared to him in aged to get in. Some of them went to their homes the night, telling him to be strong and of a good and brought wood and coal while others brought courage,' that He would stand by him and food. Others carried water, as he had had noth- strengthen him, and that he had called him to this ing to drink. Some mothers came around also work at Chemulpo. and cared for him.

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Mr. Sen spent his mornings visiting in the Korea to our knowledge, when marriage brought homes and places of business, preaching Christ a China missionary to Korea. His prayers that everywhere. There was no place in Chemulpo someone might come and start work among his where the name of Mr. Sen was not known and people in Korea were answered by our coming, loved. The girls and boys would go out with him, and I believe were the cause of it.

preaching after school hours or on Sunday after- Through the years, Elder Chee, and Mr. Sen are noons. They became splendid little workers and the two men who have felt the burden and re- then the parents began to get interested. One sponsibility for the whole Chinese work. Every whole family was won through him and many week the officers of the church would meet with others. them. Down on our knees, we would each one Mr. Sen had great power in prayer, and a pray in turn over the matters coming up for de- simple childlike faith in the power of God. There cision, so in an unusual way felt we had the mind was a young man in town who had terrible pain of the Spirit,because of our unity. Shoulder to in his ear for a fortnight and could neither eat shoulder we have carried the burdens and re- nor sleep for the pain. He went to the hospital sponsibilities in a fellowship that has been most but could get no relief. A church member, a young precious. We have sorrowed together, and re- blacksmith, said, "I will take you to Mr. Sen and joiced together. In time it was felt that Mr. Sen he will pray for you and you will be healed." He should be ordained, and at the request of the went to the evening service with the man, but Union Chinese Churches in Korea, now grown to found that the tailor was about to conduct the five in number, the Synod of the Union Chinese service. He had come in and found Mr. Sen over- Christian Church of China ordained him in Mouk- come by the fumes of the charcoal stove he was den. Having started the work in Chemulpo, he using to cook his food. He was lying unconscious became its pastor, but was later called to the pas- on the floor. The tailor put him in bed, with torate of the Seoul Chinese Church, where he is plenty of fresh air in the room, but Mr. Sen was now carrying full res.ponsibility together with El- too sick and weak to move when it came time for der Wang.

meeting. The blacksmith came and said, "I have In the fall of 1929 we were transferred to North brought you a man who is sick; we want you to Manchuria, the mission field of the Korean Meth- pray for him to be healed." Mr. Sen replied, "I odist Church. It was hard to leave the fellowship am too sick to get up." Then it occurred to him of the churches in Korea, but Miss Quinn who how foolish he was not to trust God for his own retired from work in China had been asked to healing also. He asked God to heal him, so that help with the work up the east coast, and was he might go upstairs and pray for the sick man. asked to reside in Seoul, and help all the Chinese Immediately the sickness left him and he went up churches. Pastor Sen worked with her loyally for and knelt beside the sick young man in prayer. five years, during much of which time her work When the young man went home, the pain had had to be done from her bed.

gone. He had a good night's sleep and in the The young Chinese carpenter has developed morning a great abscess burst in his ear and he into Manager Wang of the Gospel Building Com- had no further trouble with it. pany, started to help support the church. Ten Mr. Sen used to get up at five in the morning per cent of all profits go to the church. He is now to study the Bible. While we were on furlough Elder Wang. Recently in building the Music he studied for a time in the Korean classes at the Building of Ewha College, he found he had over.

Pierson Memorial Bible School. A letter from estimated the cost of the building. An improved Mother who visited him, reported that he had price of building material had reduced the cost.

started a Bible class with his classmates, a per- Without being asked, he returned several thou- sonal work prayer group, and an evangelistic sand dollars, which were more than legitimate band. A man who was won by him was a young profits.

carpenter named, Wang Kong En, who suddenly Miss Quinn died on August 31, 1934. That day came under convicti6n of sin as Mr. Sen was ill health necessitated my starting for America.

praying, and gave himself to God. Standing on the platform at the station among Later Mr. Sen went to Nanking, and after Chinese, Korean, and foreign friends, Pastor Sen graduating at the Theological Seminary, returned and Elder Wang stood as the two pillars of the to be the Chinese evangelist for the whole of Chinese Church, clergy and laity. The two moth- Korea. He opened the work in Pyengyang, and ers of the church had been removed by God. The in Fusan also. churches could walk alone, under the direct guid- Thirteen years. have passed since the above ance of the Spirit. Thank God for both these men.

story was written. Sen Lai Tsang has proved Dr. Chee retired to Peiping. Pray for them as himself indeed called of God. Dr. Chee, a Chinese they carryon, and send them help for entering herb doctor, was the only Chinese Christian in new areas when God so guides.

HOIl1:e Missions' in Modern America*

_.46t Ii By the REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia I Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist JB- Episcopal Church I~==~======================~'

T HE United States of America is an excep- sions, than to develop constructive citizens. tional field for Home Missions. No other Specialists sustain our contention that, without nation can duplicate the intricate, exacting discounting the effectiveness of what Government task that confronts organized Christianity in this men were doing toward the suppression of crime country, with its unique historical heritage, reli- and criminals, the cause and cure of crime in the gious background, territorial expansion, govern- United States is a matter of more immediacy; mental development, racial mixtures, cosmopolitan that preventive rather than punitive phases of sopopulation, changing economic and social situ- cial service demand major emphasis; that Chrisations. Constructive statesmen remind us that no tianity has no more imperative obligation than a nation can hope to withstand the test of time that faithful ministry to child life. lacks at least three fundamentals to perpetuity: The late Senator Long said, concerning the solu- A capable foundation of race; tion of criminal problems: A high standard of private and public morals; A spirit of fidelity to tried and long-established institu- "I understand that crime is costing our country $12,000,000,000 annually. We spend about $40,- tions. 000,000 a year on the prosecution of federal crimes alone. The approach to this problem of Despite gratifying gains, Christian constitu- reducing crime should begin with childhood, in our encies record a disproportionate ratio of our total public and private schools, where children should population. Mindful of the variable value of sta- be taught a greater respect for law. There should tistical summaries, we marshal the most depend- be a revival of religious training in the home, a able data available, as a reasonably reliable yard- reorganization of our correctional institutions, stick with which to measure religious progress, with a revision of our judicial methods. We want and to determine the validity of missionary re- to punish, rather than to correct conditions by sponsibilities. using common sense in administering justice."

Missionary Review of the World (June Issue) Home Missions and National Life 1935: Present population of the United States …. 134,000,000 Secretaries of American missionary agencies Pre-High School Group, no Church Contacts 13,400,000 record seven facts that magnify Home Missions: Non-Church Members, including children … 75,000,000 1. Democracy may be a promise or a peril: without reli- The International Council of Religious Educa- gion, a peril.

tion estimates our United States youth population 2. The utter failure of substitutes for religion. (ages 5-17) to be 30,034,308, and the number in 3. Applied Christianity solves social problems. that classification unreached by the Christian 4. Increasing recognition of the Christian Church. church, 15,000,000-a tremendous challenge to 5. The national significance of Home Missions. 6. The challenge of unmet missionary needs in America.

Home Missions! If the Federal Government 7. Christianity's ability to survive depressions.

deems it advisable to spend millions of dollars on Home Missions and Social Safety emergency education and student aid, the Chris- tian Church must undergird that program with an Economic security and social safety are the adequate religious ministry. rightful heritage of humanity. The supreme pur- Social education and crime prevention was the pose of our Master's ministry to mankind was "A theme for a series of discussions in the White more abundant life." A progressive realization House at Washington, May 17-18, 'participated in of that objective is one of the major responsibiliby 75 mission and social agency representatives. ties of Home Missions. Methodism's ministry to Juvenile delinquency is a social problem that can- the masses has always been characterized by a not be solved by punitive methods; such a pro- tender solicitude for their physical, social and cedure is more likely to engender antisocial obses- spiritual welfare. Her concern for the totality of life is convincingly stated in a challenging docu- • Condensed from The Pastor's Journal, January. 1936. ment: The Social Creed of the Church!

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Sincerely appreciative of Federal Administra- relief work, care of the handicapped and unfortunate, will tion efforts to stabilize chaotic conditions in this be greatly expedited by sympathetic encouragement on the country, and with absolutely no thought of any part of the great body of the church who, I believe, are political emphases, the results fro~ several.years for the social gospel, if they can see that its feet are on of experimentation ought to convmce well-mten- practical ground. tioned economic experts of the futility of a philosophy of scarcity that involves: the destruction The Consumers' Cooperative movement, conof food stuffs and supplies in certain sections, for cerning which much has been written, is based want of which humans are suffering in other parts upon these principles: a democratic organization of our fair land; substantial subsidies to a selec- of economic processes; an unrestricted membertive list of actual and absentee agriculturists as a ship; a limited rate of return on caI;>i~al inve~t­ reward for nonproduction, while grain, meat and ments; one vote for each member; dIVIdend dISmilk-product imports show percentage increases; tributions, determined by patronage. The Coopthe twofold delusion of drinking and spending erative League.of the U. S. A. claims to have 6,600 ourselves into prosperity, regardless of social lia- societies; 1,800,000 members, and an annual bilities. Our Government's main problem is not business of $365,000,000; to reverse our economic the disposition of a bugbear surplus, but a justifi- order by paying profits to the buyer, producing able allotment of the available necessities of life. goods in the interest of the consumer, instead of the promoter, taking out of business the elements Federal Social Security legislation embodies of speculation, in the hope of eliminating peaks several humanitarian proposals, which merit sym- and depressions, the despair of our present syspathetic consideration. tem.

The Social Security Bill is the first law of such scope to Every major Home Missionary project in our be enacted in this country, although Great Britain, Ger- program is an attempt to meet urgent needs in many, France, Austria, Bulgaria, Irish Free State, Italy, some actual area of human life: ministries to neg- Poland, Russia and Switzerland have long had some such lected or underprivileged communities throughform of protection. out Continental United States; in allocated sec- tions of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the The bill includes these items: Dominican Republic; specialized evangelistic and social services to bilinguals, Indians, Latin Amer- Old-age Pensions, Unemployment Insurance, Dependent icans, Migrants, Mormons, Mountaineers, Ne- Children, Health, Clearance of Slum Residence Areas, and groes, Orientals, Polyglots. Share-Croppers Rehabilitation. Methodist social service proposals must, of The Exaltation of governing principles is a mat- course, accord a primary place to that outstanding ter of moment to the Christian ministry; the busi- humanitarian enterprise initiated thirty years ago ness of blueprinting procedures belongs to special- by Dr. E. J. Helms, founder and director of the ists, who have earned the right to be heard and heeded in this phase of civic responsibility. That Goodwill Industries fact stresses the significance of services that ought to be rendered in the field of statesmanship by which furnish a fine foundation for the developthoroughly equipped churchmen. But direct hu- ment of cooperative economic and social life, man contacts in the realm of religious activity particularly among groups that have much in comought to enable discriminating ministers to say something tangible about the application of Chris- mon, whose interests readily respond .to constr.uctian principles to the business of life. United annual conference sessions afford a real opportunity tive efforts toward economic and soclal securIty. for joint appraisals of economic and social situa- This Christlike project is a convincing, composite tions. expression of practical Christianity.

The Gospel of Christ proclaims a complete sal- The Quadrennial report: vation: enrichment of life in all of its essential relationships-physical, social, spiritual. Scores For opportunity wages to handicapped people, of sincere lay leaders are as anxious as any of us Goodwill Industries paid $1,628,486.11; for servto find a satisfactory solution to this intricate ice wages, $392,920.97. The following service has problem, but cannot see the advantage of tearing been provided: down the superstructure in order to make needed repairs. Different persons employed ……………. . 46,510 Hours of employment ………………… . 6,580,495 Senator C. O. Holmes of Gary, Indiana, says: Sales in Goodwill Stores ………………. . 3,315,376 Goodwill bags filled ………………….. . 2,733,709 The church must make greater social contributions than Homes from which bags and furniture came .. 1,333,642 ever. Some of the success that ought to be made possible Aggregate attendance daily Chapel service … for social security measures in State Legislatures, for in- Adults enrolled in community service activities 545,596 telligent use of employment exchanges in coordination with Children enrolled in community service activities 5,862 12,306 Superintendent R. E. Scully says: "Everybody knows that only by the help of the Board of Home

THE HANDWRITING ON THE WALL IN JAPAN

Missions would we have been able t'O continue the were effected between the colonial settlements of religi'Ous work in the Cincinnati Goodwill Indus- Salem and Plymouth, characterized by divergent tries." creedal concepts, local leaders discovered the real- ity of a practical basis for Christian fell'Owship. Social situations in America threaten the de- Puritan Governor John Endicott wrote to Pilgrim struction of fundamentals to the perpetuity of our Governor William Bradford: national life. Christianity is challenged by: a slump in ethical ideals; an indifference to cardinal God's people are all marked with the same mark; they virtues; the propagation 'Of pagan phil'Os'Ophies have the same heart, guided by the same spirit of truth; 'Of life; the ravages of an uncontrolled, federally where this is, there can be no discord, but sweet harmony. fostered liquor traffic; the menace 'Of m'Ovies that May we, as Christian brethren, be united by unfeignetl persist in the unpatriotic pastime of disc'Ounting love, bending all our hearts and forces in furthering a their country in the eyes of the world by mag- work beyond our strength. nifying the worst features 'Of American life, idealizing crime and criminals, caricaturing Christian Federal Church and Home Missions Councils leadership, c'Onfusing the ethical ideals 'Of impres- were organized in 1908, when a new spirit 'Of cosi'Onable children; the divorce evil, with its tragic operation among our evangelical communions and trail from Reno to Hollywood and Washington. their respective missionary agencies began to reg- ister. We have witnessed practical applications Cooperation and Church Comity of the principle of cooperati'On until office files are cluttered with c'Onvincing cases 'Of progress. More Christian cooperative movements in America has been accomplished during the past twenty are a fulfilment of early ideals. When contacts years than in all the earlier years of American church history.

The Handwriting on the Wall in Japan A Story Told by A. E. AURELL, Tokyo Agent of the American Bible Society T HE following story is told by a Japanese "Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavily young man who was discouraged and planned laden and I will give you rest."

to commit suicide. Those gr·acious words of Christ made me recon- N'Ot being able to see eye t'O eye with my father sider indeed and almost unbeknowingly my feet there was often strife leading to divisions in my began to take me to the Christian church, the home. In moments of quiet reflecti'Ons it did seem address of which als'O was given on that wall. awfully regrettable that a son should be so obstinate.. It was ruinous not 'Only to me but to the Upon arrival at the church I was kindly welwhole family and an annoyance to the neighbor- comed by a man 'Of G'Od, and, to make the story h'O'Od. One day in desperation I decided to run short, I was born again! What an experience! away from home and day after day without rest It seemed to me I had awakened from a bad and sleep I traveled afoot till I reached Atami, dream! By the P'Ower of the Holy Spirit obstinacy the place widely known for "casting away 'Of life." and wickedness were removed from my heart. For a few moments bef'Ore taking the fatal jump Bitterly crying over the good-for-nothing past into the deep water at the f'O'Ot of the famous cliff life I repented fr'Om my innermost being, and the s'Omehow I was able t'O control the terrible feel- bright star of hope shined forth on the pathway 'Of ings of excitement of my heart while I took paper life. and pen out of my pocket to write a farewell note. In anguish I flung my head back and what should I was awfully ashamed 'Of the way I had treated happen but that my eyes fell on the words written my parents, and at once I set out 'On the way home on the smoothly cut mountain wall to the very detouring a bit to see an uncle in Tokyo. Finally, right 'Of me: in true humility and shame, in torn bodily garb, I "Wait a m'Oment! Reconsider!" returned t'O the presence of my longed-for parents. Reading those words again I read what followed I had run away hoping to wash out sin and un- righteousness in the ocean waters at Atami but them. instead of that mistaken attempt I met J €Sus Christ who renewed and clothed me with the robe

of His salvation. What a joy has come into my Word of God, written on the above mentioned heart! wall about twelve years ago–rewritten many times since-by an elderly Japanese man of God. "Next I called on the pastor of the church in His implicit confidence in the saving power of the our community and met with wonderful kindness. pure Word of God has been abundantly honored Now I am praising God for the power of the Gos- and he and his wife have had all they could do pel of Jesus Christ which was first brought to in dealing with the lost who have come to them my attention on the mountain wall at Atami." for instruction and guidance into the restful peace of Christ which He promised in Matthew 11: 38. This is one of hundreds of similar stories of lives that have been saved by the reading of the Korean Christian Te'stimony By F. S. MILLER, Chungju, Korea W HEN one of the Korean evangelists was interest in the Bible, their Sabbath observance working among Chinese across the border and their zeal for souls. in Manchuria, a Chinese woman asked: The Korean Presbyterian Mission in Shantung "Are you preaching what these Koreans be- Province, China, has helped to change the neighlieve?" borhood and has proved that self-support will work in China as in Korea. Reports come also "Yes, the same Jesus." that Korean Christians who migrated to Mexico have wielded the same helpful influence there and "Then I want you to tell me more about it. I a missionary in India recently translated and have been to their church to find the secret of their printed stories of Korean experience to stimulate happiness and peace but I cannot understand the Christians of his own province. what they say."

After listening to the Gospel she started home- A former Jewish rabbi writes in a recent book ward. The evangelist visited her on the following that one day he entered a store in Philadelphia and day when the woman gathered all the family to saw two Koreans in very earnest conversation.

listen to the Christian message. He asked what the trouble was and was told of In the early colonial days in America, the the struggle of the Koreans for freedom. The story won his sympathy and he invited the Ko- Scotch-Irish scattered through the forests of the reans to his home to talk further over the matter. new territory built churches and schoolhouses When they met, one of the Koreans said, "Let us everywhere. In the same way the Koreans are pray first." As the rabbi listened to that prayer scattering their churches and schools over Man- he became convinced of the power of Christ even churia and East Mongolia. As in America, many in the non-Christian world and eventually gave leading men in business, politics and the profes- himself to the Master. sions came from those little log churches and schools so we confidently expect that the young The Korean Christians take their new faith now being trained in the Christian churches and seriously and simply. Prayer is a real and regschools of Manchuria will take a leading part in ular part of their lives. They have their faults, the development of Eastern Asia. Some years ago and we missionaries, with thirty generations of a young Korean who moved to Manchuria from a Christianity behind us, may expect too much from Choong Chung church became a magistrate and first generation Christians, but we thank God for boys reared in the first Christian schools of Korea their genuine qualities and for their widening inhave become physicians in Manchuria. fluence. The story of what Christ has done in Korea has given new faith, courage and hope to As God chose little Judea, set in the midst of Christians scattered all over the world. what were then the world's largest nations, to be The results of Christian missions in Korea are His seedbed from which He sent evangelists to all the fruit of conservative, spiritual Christianity the known world, may He not have chosen Chosen which accepts the Bible as the Word of God, beto be His seedbed for the Far East? Japan has lieves in the miracles as the workings of an everalready felt the influence of Korean Christians and present and active Creator, and is convinced that Japanese Christians say that they have something there is "no other name under heaven, that is to learn from the Korean Church – from their given among men, wherein we must be saved" prayerfulness, their liberality, self-support, their than the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

Missionary and His Native

FIFTY or more years ago it was comparatively His own people are beginning to attain to easy to lead and guide a people newly con- heights in education and scholarship which were quered, not only in warfare and material regarded by his forefathers as only the rights of things, but also in those deeper spiritual beliefs the white man. He is therefore becoming very which had been there since time began. The white conscious of these achievements and is beginning man and his science had brought doubt to the to wonder if he really needs the white man to minds of even the most conservative as to the work out his salvation, whether the trust he has reality and truth of his own magic, his religion, placed in him so long has not been in vain, in the and his ancestor worship. The white settler be- real things of his everyday life. He is beginning side him was uninfluenced by his superstitions; to look to his own black fellow men for guidance he prospered in spite of his unbelief and his jeer- and help, and the white man at the head becomes ing at the much feared witch doctor; his cattle a mere figurehead to whom only certain things increased; his fields were fertile; his children can be told and the rest left untouched. He is lived and were healthy, without his depending in literally becoming "difficult." He is learning every any way on those things on which his black neigh- day to be like his white fellow worker, outwardly bor depended. This was bound to affect the Bantu polite and civil, hiding a great deal of what he adversely and make him doubt very seriously his thinks of him, but nevertheless seeing through a own background and his ways of living and think- great deal and despising much, thus creating a ing, and an almost complete lack of confidence in state of affairs in which real harmonious and cohimself and his fellows was sure to take place. operative effort is an impossible task. He and his fellows discuss fully what they think of their The missionary, in his most admirable zeal and white colleagues, their work amongst them and ardor to civilize and Christianize, helped to in- their influence, but it is in very rare cases that crease this doubt, and in breaking down as savage the Bantu worker will be frank enough to tell his and barbaric all native institutions and customs, white fellow workers what he and others of his helped to increase this ever growing lack of con- race really think. They have found to their sorfidence in what belonged to the people and was row that such frank declarations on their part are part of their life. This process has gone on for greatly resented. They are considered inferior, over a hundred years in some parts of South and any suggestion of criticism of their superiors Africa. But now the Bantu has got used to the is considered altogether presumptuous. The relanew ways. Many of the young people of today tions between the two parties are therefore so have grown up knowing no other life but that strained and stiff that very seldom do you find which the missionary preached so well to their real intimate friendship existing between white great-grandfathers and their sons. He has grown and black in our native missionary schools and up with a clearer vision of what life really is and churches. If this state of affairs is as I have has been able to view his white neighbor, not as pictured it and as m~ny others know it to be, the some wonderful god who knows all, but as a inevitable question amongst Bantu youth workhuman being with faults and misdeeds like his ing under such conditions is, UApart from his own. Hence the old state of worship of the white man because he is white is fast dying off, and the academic qualifications, which he uses within the Bantu is becoming more critical and ever so much precincts of his classroom and therefore to a very more "difficult to manage." He is becoming mis- limited group, what is the gain in having white trustful of even the best .amongst his white friends teachers in our native schools? Is it not far betbecause he has so often trusted and been disap- ter to have men of our own race, perhaps not so pointed. He is suspicious, and is more confident well equipped academically, but yet giving of their in himself and in gui'ding his own life. His secrets all, being one with their fellow workers and with are now his own and not to be shared with the the students and making life much more natural missionary who used to be his father's trusted and easy, as the Bantu like it to be." This quesguide and helper. He is becoming race conscious tion will have to be faced more and more in fuand nationalistic, nor does he now hide his head ture and resentment on the part of either white in shame when the "immoral customs and habits" or black over frank discussions of some of these of his race are mentioned, because he has learned topics will only help make the situation more that such customs and habits are to a greater or lesser degree the heritage of all people, his white acute. neighbors included. MRS. F. Z. MATTHEWS, a member of the Xosa race, wife of a native professor, and her- self a teacher.

[601 ]

Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO World Peace and Evangelism results, this statement is ac- feres with missionary endeavors. cepted by many as even more Thinking Christians are aware Never before was the subject true than it was fifteen years of Peace and War so integral a ago. If there ever was a time that the last war dealt a severe part of the Christian program when warfare was necessary or blow to the churches and mission for World Redemption as now. desirable, that time is now past. work. How can we, as disciples The testimony of missionaries is The peoples of the world are of Christ, send the Gospel of love universally to the effect that ov- waking up to the fact that twen- to other peoples and at the same ergrown nationalism and its off- time condone and support the spring – the war spirit – are tieth century warfare no longer destruction of our neighbors and well-nigh insuperable obstacles exemplifies the spirit of glory, of ourselves by prejudices, lies, to progress in spreading the Gos- discriminations and violence? It pel of Christ, the Prince of patriotism and supreme sacrifice is difficult to conceive of a more Pe'ace. Without exception the that has characterized past wars insincere or two-faced situation. missionary plans and literature of humankind. War today is a of the denominations that have "racket"; and the sins of greed, It was proclaimed that the sent material for use in this de- falsehood and suspicion, hatred World War was going to make partment give a prominent place and murder are its very lifeto endeavors for shaping up the blood. If wars are still inevita- the world more "safe for democ- Peace Mind. It is especially fit- ble it is because people are unting that in this month which racy," but the opposite has been commemorates the birth of Je- willing to abandon selfishness, or proved more nearly true. Not sus Christ and echoes the An- are blinded by greed and profit, gels' Song of "Peace on earth: or crazed by racial prejudice and only have dictatorships flourgood will to men" we should pre- false propaganda, all of which ished since the conflict but relisent materials majoring upon gion itself has been jeopardized. that great theme. Your Depart- are at variance with Christian In addition, nationalism with its ment Editor's earnest injunction teachings. The time has come is that every reader should do deification of the State is becomsomething to stimulate the pur- when the Church must choose ing so nearly a substitute for repose and forward the plans of between Christ and Mars, for the Mind for Peace. We are glad war is everything that Chris- ligion that, if it continues, govto present herewith an article ernments will take precedence written especially for the depart- tianity is not. over the claims of conscience and ment by an outstanding leader in The deep abiding spirit of this line. of faith in God. Christians must Christ and His way of life is ex- not allow patriotism to degener- CHRISTIAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR pressed in the word "love." It includes not only love for God ate into selfish, un-Christlike na- PEACE and love of neighbor but love for tionalism.

Fifteen years ago the former one's enemies. Out of this fun- We should be reminded of the American Chief of Staff, Gener- damental spirit of IQve spring existence of a peace movement al Tasker H. Bliss, said: "The within the Church. Three deresponsibility is entirely on the two Christian concepts: first, professing Christians of the belief in the supreme worth of nominations-the Church of the United States. If another war every human being; and, second, B ret h r e n (or Dunkards) , like the last one should come faith in the brotherhood of man they will be responsible for without regard to race, color or Friends and Mennonites are every drop of blood that will be known as the historic "peace shed." Now that we know more political state. In contrast war churches" because from their beabout how wars are made and ginnings they have opposed" war, understand their far-reaching thrives on hate. It violates hu- man personality and regjments upheld freedom of conscience and have placed allegiance to human beings. Because of the new hatreds and new problems God above allegiance to ea.rthly it creates, war is the relentless rulers. Members of the s e foe of human brotherhood. churches who refuse to partici- pate in war are called "consci- Not only must followers of entious objectors." Very reluc- Christ oppose war because of its repudiation of His teachings, tantly other denominations, in- cluding the Methodists, Congre- but because it seriously inter- gationalists and Christians and [ 602] the Unitarians have asked that

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the same exemption from com- tion, not a decision, and often that several were on their feet to batant service be accorded their achieves its results better by be- speak simultaneously until time conscientious objectors. The ing an indirect appeal, in the had to be called and the meeting spirit of the early Church, up- form of a discussion among a closed. The participating panel- held by the small historic peace platform group, talking as if ists then took their places at a churches during centuries of spontaneously a m 0 n g them- peace literature table and dis- strife and persecutions, bids fair selves. Sending for an abund- pensed free leaflets and pamph- to become the prevailing force ance of varied peace literature, lets and recommended pay ma- of modern Christendom in its organizing and assigning it to terials to an eager throng. In turn toward the nonviolent way several good woman speakers at the foregoing, the speakers had of Christ. the Lakeside, Ohio, chautauqua, notes (but no manuscript) con- With the coming Christmas last August, the Editor led such cealed beneath the fancy work season it is incumbent upon a panel after this fashion: in their laps. Comments and re- churches and missionary organ- Everything was carefully pre- marks were made all through izations everywhere to make pared but not memorized or redefinite provision in their pro- cited as in a dialogue. Five the talks but not in such a way grams for the proclaiming of women entered and sat down in as to throw the speakers off their a living room scene to do fancy line of thought, as, "I believe Christ as the Prince of Peace. work under soft shaded lamps that too"; "I don't quite agree Every church should have a with you"; "That looks feas- peace committee headed by a while they talked as if sponta- ible," etc. wide-awake, interested chair- neously. The leader explained man. Encourage your paster to her motive in calling these The following literature is preach peace on Armistice Day friends together to counsel with recommended: Sunday, Christmas, Goodwill her on the peace-and-war situa- Day and other appropriate tion, expressing her own trou- The W. I. L. discussion group out- bled confusion of mind. She line, "World Peace the Responsibility dates. First there must be the called on Mrs. A- to give the of the Church," with study packet, will for peace. If your church gist of a private conversation 35 cents. they had had the other day, and has been slow in teaching peace, the latter responded in an eight- "Publication List with Prices," free. minute talk covering the peace "World Citizenship and the Relistrive for an impressive Christ- educational plans mnd methods. gious Program," free. mas program on international "Women's International League for goodwill and for at least one Mrs. B- breaks in at a pre- Peace and Freedom – Programs and program on peace each quarter arranged point and says that is Policies," free. all very well but something more The foregoing may be ordered from during the coming year in the p r act i c a I – something with The Women's International League, 1924 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. church school. The young people "teeth" in it-must be done. She "What Can Christians Do for talks for another brief period on Peace?" by Theodore A. Greene; a will enjoy giving one of the many auxiliary political, legislative sylla.JUs prepared for use by church and organizational methods. discussion groups. 25 cents. excellent peace plays now avail- "Is War the Way?" by John L. Mrs. C-is so full of enthusi- Lobingier; a six-session course for inable. If the will for peace is well asm she can hardly wait to tell dividual reading and church study established in your congregation, of ways for attacking the subject groups. 25 cents. from the purely religious side. then embark upon a plan of ac- "Proposed Roads for Peace," by tion. Study groups are recom- The leader then asks Mrs'. Richard M. Fagley; adult education mended among young people and D-, who has been listening in- series. 35 cents. tently and taking notes from adults to make clear the social time to time, to give the group Order the above three from The Piland economic causes of war- the benefit of her tabulative, sys- grim Press, Boston, Mass. fare and suggest peace action tematic mind; whereupon Mrs. programs and projects. The D- partly talks and partly "The Price of Peace," by E. Guy reads a well organized outline Talbott; a handbook on America's need is great for intelligent international relations. 25 cents. Na- Christians to pioneer in this vi- tional Council for Prevention of War, tal and urgent field of goodwill 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. among nations and help the idealistic lovers of peace to keep "Thinking It Through," by Evelyn R. their feet on the gI'ound through Nicholson; a discussion on World practical achievements. Peace. 10 cents. Methodist Book Concern, New York. MRS. OLIVE SMITH BOWMAN, of the things churches, young people's groups, Sunday schools, "Youth Action in Building a War- Pennsylvania State Chairman of women's missionary organiza- less World." 15 cents. International Religious Contacts Committee, Council of Religious Education, 203 Women's International League tions, clubs and community citi- N. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. for Peace and Freedom. "What Shall We Do About War,"

zens in general can do. by Sherwood Eddy and Kirby Page.

The leader then rises and ad- 15 cents. Eddy and Page, 347 Madi- son Ave., New York. dresses the audience for the first PLANS AND MATERIALS time, asking them f,or their re- List of Material and Suggestions The Department Editor has for Exhibits, free. found the panel discussion one "Peace Action" – a monthly paper of the best ways of arousing in- action upon the subject. giving news and suggestions for prac- tical action. 5 cents per copy. Order the above two, also a variety terest and spreading informa- The Lakeside audience as rep- of plays and pageants, from The Na- tion. This form of discussion resented in the women's club, tional Council for the Prevention of aims at education and inspira- was so enthusiastic and eager War, 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

"Suggested Selections for Programs Prevention of War (address as pre- God's great gift to us. (The use of a for Armistice Day, Good Will Day viously given). Christmas tree on which each story- and Other Peace Days," for Sunday "Christ Is Born in Bethlehem"- teller places a large gold star to repschools, elementary schools and high beautiful nativity play introducing resent her field adds to the interest.) schools, free. American Interracial prophets, shepherds, kings, angels and For a woman's missionary meeting. Peace Committee, 20 S. 12th St., Phil- a chorus singing familiar carols. Open meeting by singing "Hark, the adelphia, Pa. Three scenes, 16 or more characters. Herald Angels Sing," followed with 50 cents. Woman's Press, 600 Lex- prayer. Christmas carols played on Much is being attempted by ington Ave., New York. "Eagerheart"-Christmas play suit- the Qrgan are echoed to adjoining lec- able for use on Sunday evening. Fifthe Youth Division of the Emer- teen or more characters. 1% hours. ture room where audience is seated. gency Peace Compaign, in which Chappel and Co., 41 E. 34th St., New Devotional period culminates in cornet solo, "Silent Night." Van Dyke's more than 225 college men and Christmas story, "Let Us Go Even women spent two months last York. unto Bethlehem," is told or read; summer organizing, instructing "Long Ago in Judea" -unusual then a mother holding her baby reads working over of the Christmas nar- a Christmas poem. At this time the and stimulating people all over rative. Two scenes. Seventeen char- room is darkened and a star shines the U. S. to work for peace. acters. 30 cents. Samuel French, 25 out revealing the spirits of Christ, They tried to "strengthen the W. 45th St., New York. Love and Service bringing gifts. A pacific alternatives to war, make Similar list of 60 good Christmas lighted cross brings to view a small political and eoonomic changes dramatizations, also lists of Easter, Christmas tree covered with tinsel but Children's Day, Thanksgiving, tem- no ornaments. During singing the necessary for a just and peace- three spirits distribute to audience ful world order, and unite in one perance, stewardship, Mothers' Diy, tiny white stockings. Place offerings dynamic movement all those in- Home and Foreign mission and gen- in these and marching to the tree, dividuals and organization.s will- eral plays and pageants in a pamph- hang stockings on it, thus decorating ing to work against war . . . tree and receiving the offering. A SQ- let entitled "Catalog of Plays and cial hour mav follow. They plan to work on 1,000 col- Pageants," a veritable treasure house lege campuses in the U. S. Twen- of usable material. 10 cents. Send "Christmas Around the World." to The Baptist Board of Education, This program consisted of tableaux Department of Missionary Education, behind a large veiled frame, giving the ty-five field secretaries covering 152 Madison Avenue, New York. appearance of a picture. A chorus of every state in the union will re- women sang the accompanying carol . cruit volunteers for next sum- Program Suggestions: while tableau was being shown and mer's program – peace patrol between tableaux. (1) Carol, "God "The Life of Christ in Song." teams to do work in the commu- Hymns and songs given by young Rest Ye, Merry Gentlemen." Tableau, nities surrounding the colleges." people, with appropriate Christmas (Woman's Home Missions.) Try readings between each two numbers. six carollers grouped around tall Eng- lish lamp post, holding books and ap- "Tuning in on Christmas." Plat- pearing to sing. (2) Carol, "Tannento have your church young peo- form arranged to represent broadcast- baum." Tableau, The Home of the ple link themselves up with this ing studio with microphone, etc. Christmas Tree. A little German boy Leader taking part of announcer and girl, each with a toy, stand near promising movement. stands at microphone as program be- lighted tree, a table, chair, etc., add- PLAYS AND PAGEANTS gins, her opening announcement in- ing home touch. Joy is the theme. cluding call letters suitable for the (3) Carol, "Silent Night." Tableau, particular group and statement that a Among suitable plays and pa- Christmas program is about to be A Christmas Eve Midnight Service in geants for Christmas meetings broadcast from the studio (place of France. An altar with cross and are the following: lighted candles in center of picture meeting) . As each number is an- suggests cathedral interior. Worship- nounced the person taking the part pers kneel in prayer. (4) Carol, "A Christmas Car 0 1" – original should be ready to step to the micro- "While Shepherds Watched Their dramatization of Dickens' charming phone that there may be no awkward Flocks by Night." Tableau, Christstory portraying the true Christmas pauses. Announcer reminds audience mas in a Chinese Mission. American spirit. 20 characters. 1112 hours. 35 at the start that there can be no missionary seated holding open Christcents. Christmas obt':ervation where the mas box from which she is handing Christ story is unknown and that the out gifts to Chinese girls grouped "Christmas for All Nations"-intro- program will bring messages from around. Use Chinese costumes, furducing children of all nationalities our representatives who are telling nishings, curios. Fine for stressing who describe their customs and be- the Story around the world. (This White Cross gifts. liefs. 15 or more young folks. 40 plan fine for incorporating material minutes. 25 cents. (5) Carol, "Up on the Housetop."

Order these two from March from THE REVIEW and denominational Tableau, Christmas in the U. S. Little Brothers, 208 Wright Ave., Lebanon, missionary magazines.) boy and girl in night clothes peek Ohio. "The Real Christmas Tree" (Tree through door watching Santa Claus "A Christmas Mystery"-finest of of Life). Its branches spread over empty his pack in front of fireplace. Christmas songs and carols sung by all lands and its leaves are "for the Lighted tree at side. (6) Carol, "The audience while Christmas story is healing of the nations." After song First Noel." Tableau, Unity in presented in pantomime culminating service of the familiar music, read Adoration. Manger scene. Carol is in final tableau. 15 cents. Isaiah 9: 6 and the Christmas story sung as introduction preceding show- as told by Luke, followed by the sing- ing of picture. When curtains are "At the Door of the Inn" – good reader and 30 or more characters. ing of "Hark, the Herald. Angels drawn at close of scene, audience joins 1 % hours. 20 cents. Sing." Leader points out that as our in singing "In Him There Is No East Order these from The Pilgrim missionaries tell the Christmas story Nor West." Press, Boston, Mass. . they see the fulfilment of the promise, All the foregoing suggestions are "Around the World with Santa "light and life to all He brings." Sev- taken from "Progr~m Pointers," a Claus"-American boy and girl per- eral members then tell (not read) mimeographed sheet issued monthly suade Santa to take them on his jour- stories of the work at home and by Miss Elizabeth I. Fensom, Program ney around the world, a typical scene abroad (see THE REVIEW and denom- Secretary, Baptist Council on Finance in each country thus visited being inational leaflets). Close with hymn, and Promotion, 152 Madison Ave., shown. Four adults, 10 or more chil- "In Christ There Is No East nor New York City. Subscription price, dren. 10 cents. National Council for West" and prayer of gratitude for 25 cents per year.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK Bring an Old and Crippled Prayer home life, why Mary and the Child '!When wilt Thou save thy peo- angels sang, why the Shepherds ple, Lord?" When we behold and wise men came bringing Alfred Noyes in "A Spell (An gifts. May no Christmas gift of Excellent Way to Get a F'airy)" the wonder of the Christ-child, ours to the children be unworthy leads one through man's various born among good, poor folk and of thee, the gift from God. For attempts to capture the quality the sake of the little children of in life often symbolized by "a outside an inn, and consider the world, help us to consecrate fairy." Each unsuccessful trial, what the life of our Lord Jesus ourselves to Thee and thy Way he concludes with the words, Christ has meant to us and of Life. Amen. myriads like us, and then re- If this fail, at break of day, member before thee, our sin Call to the Twelfth Conference There remains a better way. against thy love and sin against on the Cause and Cure of War our fellowmen – yea, neglecting The "Spell" is concluded by The Twelfth Annual Conferwords, the wisdom of which even the little ones of our own neighborhood, we cry for thy cannot be escaped, and the coun- loving kindness! "Be merciful ence on the Cause and Cure of sel of which few persons accept unto us, and bless us." War will take place in Chicago, lest someone call them "foolish!" Cause us to see and serve the at the Palmer House, January But during the "Christ-child" children, Lord, not only those of 26-29, 1937. The theme will be festival, we seem more free than our own household but even "Today in Peace and War" and at other times. Our hearts are these little old ones who are crip- delegates from the eleven namore gentle and our wills are pled and wizened at seven. Keep tional organizations of American more swift to perform lovely us from shirking our responsi- women participating in the Conacts. The poet in his "Excellent bility for these hurt children. ference will consider the barriway to get a fairy" suggests that Make us see the futility of bring- ers to international cooperation, we act so- ing children into the world only and the building up of effective Bring an old and crippled child to spoil and despoil them. Help peace machinery. Some of the Ah, tread softly, on tiptoe!- us to do what we can to feed highlights will be the "Interro- them-clothe them-leave them gation Luncheons," the Univer- Tattered, tearless, wonder-wild, "for an hour alone." Teach us sity of Chicago Round Table, and From that underworld below, how to tell them aright the the Marathon Round Tables Bring a wizened child .of seven meaning of this saying, We will luncheon. The number of dele- Reeking from the City slime, Out of hell into your heaven, Set her knee-deep in the thyme. listen, Lord. Thou art the Way gates allocated to the church Feed her-clothe her-even so! -the Truth-the Life! Thou groups, is only two hundred. Set her on a fairy throne. hast said we all must be more Register early. The fee is $5.00 When her eyes begin to glow childlike in order to enter payable at the Conference. For Leave her for an hour-alone. Heaven. Teach us the stories of the first time the Conference is And then Noyes concludes "A the Christ-child, of his early to be held in the Middle. West thus enabling many Spell" with the assur- ance that women to attend who Though her head have been unable to be old and wise, got 0 Washington.

You shall know Please write immedi- that she has ately either to the For- seen them eign Missions Confer- By the glory in ence, 156 Fifth her eyes. Ave., New and that ….. ———– York, N. Y., or When she lifts her THE ONLY CHIUSTMAS THIS MIGRANT FAMILY WILL HAVE The Council of head and sings, ., Women for Home Mi s- You shall h ear sions, 105 East and un der- 22d St., N. Y. stand.

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Introducing Miss Lowry old friendships strengthened. remedied the difficulty or made And I thank you one and all. On October 15, your editor the matter understandable as a "The work lies in what I call closed gently the doors on the the religious-social area, diverse part of the process of growth last five years of "life and work," enough in factors and flexible and turned toward the new paths enough in form (although thirty and change. True, there has not ahead. Of first importance is years old) to be considered a the remarkable fact that on the genuine 'laboratory' for effective been eough financial resources to same day Miss Edith E. Lowry, Christian service. In this area my associate in the work of the of service are definitely new care for advance in work which forms of cooperation among Council of Women for Home quite different church groups; seemed essential. That has MissioLs, became Executive Sec- also, there are unified programs retary, and the new Editor of caused the Executive Secretary the Bulletin, and Miss Charlotte EDITH E. LOWRY Mary Burnham became 'concern' both in the general and Associate Secretary. secured through the coordina- tion of varied social skills and the Indian work. Nevertheless, What may be called resources, and other programs in the making; and the cowork- each year has seen advance in "full tide of life" moves ers are consecrated Christian through all the work of leaders. If asked to do so, I the conception that this interdethe Council of Women for could make specific the descrip- Home Missions. It seems tion of the area just given. nominational work is denominato the Editor, signs of tional responsibility. Many good health that her resig- "The program of work places nation could take place in ~ clear emphasis on the functions -, of you receive me as a June, that a Committee on of the Christian Church _with a program rather than per- mission to proclaim the Gospel member of your own de- of the true way of life. Organi- nomination, reporting to sonnel was named, that zational difficulties, personality the new Executive Secre- clashes, financial worries, have your membership either tary could accept a ready during the years found secondadjustment to be made in ary emphasis, except occasion- in person at Annual Meetthe set-up of the work ally, and then the good spiritual ings or Institutes, or by (Miss Lowry continues to health of the whole work SDon direct the Migrant Work) written reports. And this and that the farewell has greatly helped in the luncheon was also the wel- work of the Council .of come luncheon to the newly elected secretaries. Women for Home Mis- The last days were like a sions. prolonged festival wit h friends – flo w e r sand "The work is one of ingifts, laughter and tears, creasing com i t y among and altogether of more significance t han words the Boards. It was thrill- ing to come into a work can tell. In response to the gra- which was closing a Five- Year Period of Survey cious and witty expression of appreciations at the Luncheon and Adjustment (and adfollowing the last Administrative j ustments had actually Committee meeting, your Editor gave briefly an explanation of taken place); and now to her personal satisfaction in the have participated in a secresponsibilities that had been ond period of five-year hers since January, 1932. planning known as Strat- In introducing Miss Edith Lowry to you, the brief explana- egy and Planning for adtion is again given on request: vance on the whole task "The work of the Executive of the church. Then, too, the beginnings of coordi- Secretary of the Council of Women for Home Missions has nation in pro g ram of been one of teaching, preaching, w r i tin g and administrative four interdenominational work, both on the field, as we bodies as shown in the acsay, and at h e a d qua r t e r s. tive Inter-Council Fie I d Through this work, many new friendships have been made, and Committee indicates, at the very least, the will to good spiritual health of Protestant church forces. And this took place when national life was characterized by what we call 'the depres- sion.' " You will find the Editor at home, The Westchester, 4000 Cathedral Avenue, Washington, D. C. ANNE SEESHOLTZ.

*** The Annual Meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, including the National Conference on the City Church will be held at the Berkeley Carteret Hotel, Asbury Park, New Jersey, January 11-14, 1937.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO NORTH AMERICA single persons; and single lower Scripture Hunger in Virginia Cutting Suicide Rate than' widowed or divorced per- A group of Christian workers last year opened a Sunday school Some one in the United States sons. -Literary Digest. in an abandoned church near commits suicide every half-hour. Beldor, Virginia, in the Blue Annually, for thirty years; 20,- Boys' Gospel Team Ridge mountains. Last May, ac- 000 persons have taken their companied by a minister, they lives; 40,000 more have tried The Asheville Farm School for held a service at the mountain and failed. But The Spectator, Boys has a Gospel Team. Five home of a cripple, when 66 were insurance agents' magazine, es- active, and eleven associate present. This cripple promised, timates that suicides had ebbed members have divided into three if he knew when the minister to 17,000 in 1935, lowest number groups for the work for the fol- would return, to have 100 presin ten years. Next to economic lowing month. One group is ent. Two weeks later, 104 came. upturn, the chief factor in this working on the morning devo- The next visit, a week later, was decrease is the National Save-a- tions program, the second group rewarded with an attendance of Life League. Ministering to 400 on the program for the young over 150. People came from would-be suicides. a month, Doc- people at Marshall, and the third various directions, while only tor Harry W. Warren, the presi- on the program for the mission- one house is visible from the dent, has saved 30,000 persons ary society at Farm School. The place where the meeting is held. since he founded his organiza- boys have set a definite goal to tion thirty years ago. work toward, and are trying for One family living more than vast improvement over last year. four miles away has not missed Some cases require medical or a service since the work began. psychiatric treatment; others -Owl and Spade. The parents and two of the chillegal or financial aid. Last year, dren walk, while the three staff workers called on 1,387 Helping the "Share Croppers" smaller ones are placed on an old Greater New York homes where mule, which the father leads. suicide had been committed, Moved by the suffering of the 1,991 homes where it had been "share croppers" in the South, The best pew is a flat board attempted. Sherwood Eddy, from funds about six inches wide, and many raised by appeal, purchased over in the audience are seated on Dr. F. L. Hoffman, statistician 2,000 acres of rich delta land in round poles about six or seven attached to the University of the State of Mississippi, and has inches in diameter. The work- Pennsylvania, has clipped sui- invited dispossessed families· to ers say they have never seen cide items for 25 years and come and settle, in cooperative such a hunger for Scripture makes the following deductions: communities. These poor peo- truth. the west coast had a rate nearly ple, largely Negroes, who have double that of the New England cultivated small sections of land -Moody Institute Monthly. states. of large owners under a share system, have been so systemati- Increased Gifts Suicides, depressed by winter cally ground by the owners that discouragements, tend to pick they have joined hands in self- For the first time since 1929, summer and late spring for their defence, and have as a result one year's contributions of the acts. been evicted from their tenan- local churches of the Presby- cies. The whole South seems to terian Church in the U. S. A. Men make up three-quarters be suffering from the evils of showed an increase of more of the deaths. Main cause: busi- this sharecropping system, and than $1,000,000 during the year ness failure. But girls, more this effort to help them on a ending March 31, 1936. The often than boys up to the age of large scale on a cooperative plan 8,975 local churches contributed nineteen, take their lives. Main is described by one expert as $36,801,474. This is a gain of cause: unrequited love. Up to "on the verge of the biggest $1,082,943 over the preceding thirty-nine, only one-half to one- thing in human welfare in this year, which had registered an third as many women commit country. The possibilities of increase of $421,304 over the suicide as do men; beyond forty, this constructive program are year ended March 31, 1934. only one-sixth. Married people staggering." From 1929 to 1934 an annual show a lower suicide rate than decrease had been reported. -United Church Review.

[607 ]

More communicant members bution of higher education un- paths to that highway and the were added during the year, der Christian auspices to such outside world. There are almost both on profession of faith and conservation; the responsibility no doctors, only a few schools, on certificates of transfer from of the Presbyterian Church in and only six churches, three other churches, than in the pre- the U. S. A. to play its part in Baptist and three Catholic. Lack ceding year. Additions on pro- making this indispensable confession totaled 78,207 and on tribution to the conservation of of Christian education have left certificate 43,940. these spiritual values." these people debased and degen- erate in the extreme. Of the $36,801,474 contributed -Presbyterian Banner. by the local churches, $25,539,- -So S. Times. 999 was used for local congregational expenses. Gifts to benevo- A "Million Unit Fellowship" Moody Still Speaks lence causes made by living givers amounted to $4,852,481. The Methodist Episcopal About forty-two years ago Per capita the church gave for Church, comprising 4,000,000 Dwight L. Moody founded the all purposes $19.18, which is 62 communicants in the U. S. and Bible Institute Colportage Assocents more than during the pre- I,UOO,OOO in 40 mission fields, ciation of Chicago. The extent ceding year. is launching a new movement to which this service of the to be known as the "Million Unit printed page has grown is shown -Presbyterian Tribune. in the latest annual report of the Fellowship." Plans for Presbyterian association. During the past fis- Centennial The purposes are: (1) the in- cal year, the association has pub- spiration and renewal of per- lished and distributed no less On June 24th the Presbyterian sonal devotion to the ideals, life than 4,184,357 copies of its own General Council, meeting in pUblications, (a gain of nearly Philadelphia, adopted several and social standards of Christ; basic principles to be followed (2) to mobilize the resources of 450,000 copies over 1935), bein the raising of $1,000,000 or sides the sale of thousands upon less for the world-wide work of the church for study of, and ac- thousands of Bibles, books and the church and $10,000,000 or tion· upon, the social and eco- magazines printed by other less for Christian higher educa- nomic problems of the day; (3) evangelical publishers. All this tion; among them the following: the stabilizing of Methodist literature was dis t rib ute d opinion in support of the "Chris- throughout the United States (1) That the centennial cele- tian Way" and (4) the renewal and several foreign countries as bration of the Board of Foreign of personal devotion among a missionary effort. Those re- Missions is primarily inspira- ceiving free literature include tional and educational, and that Methodists to the world mission prisoners, patients in federal, the financial aspects of the cen- of the church. state and city hospitals and santennial will be subordinated to atoriums, children in mountain these primary purposes. (2) Bishop Frederick T. Keeney, and pioneer schools, seamen on That during the calendar year . ocean vessels, young men in CCC 1937 the Board of Foreign Mis- who is Director of the new Fel- camps, and the neglected peoples sions in presenting its financial lowship, says: of Alaska, Africa, India, Latin program will make reference to America, the Philippines, Spain the "Capital Purposes Fund" of "So far as the 4,000,000 comthe Boards of Christian Educa- municants of the Methodist and French Louisiana. Teachers tion and National Missions Episcopal Church are concerned in 115 mountain counties rewhich is to be raised in the three ceived during the year 210,696 following calendar years, 1938- and three to four million other copies of the Gospel of John 40. (3) During the calendar persons who are the natural conyears 1936 and 1937 a publicity stituency of our church, we are approach to the church will be going to try for the spontaneous, made by the Boards of Christian creative and internal type of or- Education and National Mis- dered living." sions in reference to the "Capital Purposes Fund" which is to The Sabine Field (with helps) for their scholars, be sought in the three years fol- together with 82,881 colportage lowing. This approach will be against a background of "con- An area known as the "deep books and 72,858 Evangel book7 servation of the spiritual values woods of the Sabine River bot- lets, and to those scholars who which are necessary to the pres- tom," lying between Louisiana read the Gospel of John and ervation of American democ- and Texas, has a population al- memorized selected passages, racy; the free church in the free most as needy as the dwarfs of 47,561 New Testaments and state; the indispensable contri- darkest Africa. On the Texas Pocket Treasurys were given as side of the Sabine River the rewards. These teachers re- Spanish language is spoken; on port about 250 conversions, and the Louisiana side there are some many others have been estab- 6,000 people speaking English. lished in their faith.

They are a people apart. The Gospel car "Evangel" has There are settlements in the visited sixty-seven cities and "deep woods" that are only fif- towns of Florida, Georgia and teen miles from the highways, the Carolinas during the year, but in which are men and women traveled over 5,000 miles, and who have rarely, if ever, ridden participated in 238 services.

or walked through the wood -The Presbyterian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '609

Carville Leper Hospital Weare not faced with illiteracy- and asked for prayer that they nearly all can read. TJley seem to Dr. H. E. Hasseltine, Director have learned to read in some extraor- may find Christ. of the Leper Hospital at Car- dinary way – how, I do not know. -So S. Times. ville, La., says that a leper can Weare working among a people who come anonymously, change his cover an area greater than that of Seven Year Campaign name while at the Hospital, and, the British Isles, where there is only if cured, leave the place to re- one Mission Station working among The Latin American Prayer sumehis real identity, his ex- two or three thousand people, the maperience never to be known out- jority of whom are inaccessible. Yet Fellowship is undertaking to side of the hospital's secret a large proportion of them come to records. When patients wish to the Mission Station at least once a place a Gospel and a tract in conceal their identity, the hos- year when in the city to obtain suppital authorities cooperate. plies. Then we bring to them the every home in Mexico, in a syste- Word of God. We do not yet have the Since. the founding of the in- whole Bible in Eskimo. . matic house-to-house visitation. stitution, 1,130 lepers have been sent (or gone voluntarily) to They expect to complete this Carville. The inmates are :from 37 states. Four states have each task within seven years. The furnished more than 100. These are: Louisiana, 507; California, work began with three weeks of 158; Texas, 121, and New York, LATIN AMERICA prayer and preparation. One 10l. SJnce 1921, 196 lepers have leader tested the plan in the been paroled, apparently well. Conversion of a Merchant fanatical town of Patzcuaro. Thirty others, also apparently cured, remained voluntarily. Of Don Feliciano is a general In two days over two hundred these.;sent out apparently well, Dr. Hasseltine said, 23 have re- merchant in the Indian village homes were visited, and men and turned with active leprosy. women gladly accepted the Since 1921, 235 have run away. of Cacahuatepec, in an isolated Eighty-five of these are recorded Word. -So S. Times. as still "out," Dr. Hasseltine section of Oaxaca, Mexico. To said, although it is known that some of them have died. get needed medical treatment he Ingathering in Guatemala traveled by airplane and bus to Marked advance is reported in the work among the Quiche Puebla, and during his stay Indians of Guatemala. Las t February there were twenty- started reading a book that eight professions of faith. Two weeks later, at Huehuetanango, gripped him. After returning more than fifty Indians joined the church. During the week home he wrote to Dr. F. L. preceding Easter nineteen more Meadows (medical missionary, became active Christians. In May there were thirteen at in Puebla), asking for a copy Barillas, twenty-one at Retal- hulen, and seven at the dedica- of this book. It was a transla- tion of a new chapel. In three tion of Paul Kanamori's "Three months Rev. Paul Burgess saw 167 publicly dedicate themselves Hour Sermon," which covers to Christ. His own congrega- tion, at Quezaltenango, became the whole scheme of salvation. so large that a new church edi- fice had to be built. Other books followed this one. -The Presbyterian. Czechoslovak Center-Chfcag9 He wrote that he had been a slave to his own ignorance, but At the annual Czechoslovak that now he was free and could Baptist Con v e n t ion of the talk to others on religion. A United States and Canada, held year later Don Feliciano re- in a Czechoslovak church in Chi- turned to Puebla, and on a Sun- cago, several thousand dollars day night in the Baptist church were collected for missionary publicly accepted Christ as his work which the Convention is Saviour. He has now asked an un~ertaking in America, Can- evangelist to come to his little town. -Missions. ada, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Evangelical Work in Paraguay This meeting commemorated 40 Hopeful Signs years of Czechoslovak Baptist It is hoped that the end of the Senor Gonzalez, the secretary Chaco war will allow Christian work in America. to President Cardenas, in an enterprises to go forward un- open letter to Mexican Catholics, hamperea, but the chan,ge to Chicago is a great Czecho- insists that the Catholic clergy military government may cause are inconsistent in demanding some embarrassment to evanslovak center, as 300,000 Czecho- liberties that they cannot, ac- gelical missions, and there is a cording to their dogmas, grant possibility that the religious slovaks live there, and there are to others. He says: "The gov- question will be handled after ernment guarantees to every- the Mexican model. On the seven Czechoslovak B apt i s t body the free exercise of his re- whole, 'however, Evangelicals are ligious beliefs." satisfied with the favorable aschurches, with eleven meeting surances that have been given -Missions. Christian work is now permit- them. Evangelical work in places. ted among "the 5,000 prisoners Paraguay is limited in extent, of the penitentiary in Mexico. but that among the Indians in In Baffin Land One visitor has a list of 120 who the Chaco has acquired :awide have 'accepted 'Gospel potitions, Baffin Land, probably the northernmost of all missionstations, is one of 128 countries to which tl1eScriptureGift Missitm has sent the Bible. Speaking of Scripture distribution there, Mr. Duncan says:

reputation. Evangelistic effort, eign territories, notably in Sene- mit. In these there are more social activity and a mission gal, New Caledonia, Tahiti, than 1,500 scholars, and over among lepers are all represented, and the Loyalty Islands in the 150 teachers.-The Christian. and the International College in South Seas, where, as in Madathe capital is one of the best of gascar, it took over the missions Protestants in Bulgaria such institutions in South Amer- founded by English, American ica. and Norwegian Societies. After Protestantism is stronger and the War, it shared with Amer- more progressive in Bulgaria Vital Work of Bible Societies ican missions the German mis- than in any other Balkan state. sionary work in the mandated The Bible School grew out of a The British and Foreign Bible Cameroun territory. Some of Bib 1e Conference supported Society has been at work in its missionaries labor in Togo- annually for twenty-five years Chile for almost a century; the land and on the Ivory Coast. by the Bible Lands Missions' Aid American Bible Society joined Society. It has two sectionsthem later. Their remarkable -The Life of Faith. one for the training of Biblecirculation of the Bible has led women (some of whom are pasa zealous priest, the Rev. Cosme The Bible in Germany tors' wives); and a three-year Julien, to urge the Archbishop Biblical Theological Seminary of Chile toward a nation-wide The German Bible Societies course for pastors. In the five campaign of preaching based on had a remarkable year in 1934. years of its history, fifty-five stuthe Bible. A Chilean correspond- Persecution has driven the peo- dents have enrolled, and many ent for the Presbyterian Banner ple to the Scriptures. In face of are now working effectually for says: "I have just received a repressive measures of the Hit- Christ as ordained pastors, itin- Roman Catholic edition of the ler regime on churches and the erant evangelists, or lay workfour Gospels which bears the ministry, the Bavarian Society ers. imprimatur of the Bishop of issued 15,269 Bibles as against Argentina. In the introduction 11,970 the preceding year; the There is an annual summer to this attractive little Biblical Saxony Society, 46,994 against school, to which over 100 pasmanual the Bishop writes: 'To 31,062; the Prussian, 169,762 tors and Christian workers make the reading of the word of 'againist 138,990, and the Wurt- gather for a season of Bible God easy is to prepare the way temberg, 844,383 against 715,- study and Christian fellowship. of the Lord. Heaven grant that 542. -Christianity Today. it may reach the hands of the -The Christian. people and great numbers of The Church in Poland them. There is no other way of Polish Jews' Demands reconquering the w 0 rid for The annual conference of mis- Christ.' " sionaries and delegates from the The Jews of Poland have re- indigenous churches in Poland, cently made ten demands of the EUROPE connected with the Russian Mis- government. Among these de- sionary Society, was held this mands are (1) That the name Paris Evangelical Society year at Lutsk. "Christian" shall not be used in any inscription where Jews and For the first time in thirty The conference, which is held Gentiles live side by side; (2) years, with the exception of as much for the teaching and in- that the Jewish Sabbath shall be 1915-16, the Paris Evangelical spiration of the workers, and for officially recognized and that the Foreign Missionary Society has the preaching of the Gospel, as Jews shall have the right to conclosed a year without a deficit. for the conduct of business, cov- duct their businesses on Sunday Pastor Andre Monod writes: "It ered a full week. as if it were a workday; (3) is no longer a question of ampu- that schoolbooks objectionable tating our work; we are able on The record showed that over to the Jews shall be prohibited the contrary to send out all our thirty mission stations had been from the schools; (4) that the missionaries on leave and to send opened during the year, and that title "Christian" as applied to out the indispensable reinforce- there were thirty-four new land, nationality, or church shall ments." workers. The total membership be totally prohibited. is now over 9,000, and the num- This Mission has a long his- ber of evangelists, preachers -World Outlook. tory behind it. At a time when and workers is about 250, most Protestant missions were for- of whom are supported by in- AFRICA bidden in French Colonies the digenous churches. During the Society, founded in 1822, was year these raised a large sum of Cooperation in Egypt given an opening in British money for the support of the South Aft;ica, where it estab- workers, and the maintenance of Rev. E. G. Parry, of Cairo, lished stations in Basutoland, the girls' orphanage at Constan- writes in the C. M. S. Outlook and later in Southern Rhodesia; cin. Sixty-nine Sunday schools that churches in Egypt are beand when the way was open, are now established, but there is coming more and more unity started missions in French for- need for many more, which can conscious, and that so fal:! as pos- be opened as soon as funds per- sible the two great missionary societies in Egypt, the American

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Presbyterian Mission and the Literacy-Test of Progress further training before being C. M. S. have so arranged their in Egypt placed in little churches in the work that there shall be no over- Illiteracy in Egypt is slowly district." -C. M. S. Outlook. lapping. decreasing. In 1917 the census The E gyp tInter – Mission showed that less than 10 per cent New Church at Nshinga Council, formed in 1920, has of men and only 5 per cent of done most valuable work and, women could read. Ten years Christians of Nshinga, Portuthrough its Committee on "Mis- later (1927) the census showed guese Congo, now have their sions and Government," has that 17.5 per cent of men and 2 own substantial house of worbeen able to present a united per cent of women were literate. ship. In 1932 there was but one front on many questions. Today Egypt has a national Christian there; today there are eighty-eight loyal followers Under the inspiration of the An- school system largely through of Christ. At the first service in glican Native Church, effective work the new building four hundred is being undertaken with members of the generosity and interest of the late King Fuad. Thirty-nine and fifty people were' present to the Coptic Church among both Moslems, and Copts. This is chiefly a lay dailies and 257 journals are pub- share in the dedication of this movement, led by the Secretary of the new church. Several incidents C. M. S., an Egyptian priest and an lished. A new book comes off gave the occasion special signifievangelist from Old Cairo Hospital. the press every day. Illiteracy is A group of Anglican and Coptic lay- not an unsurmountable bar to in- cance. A boy of about twe!ve men are being trained to preach and struction, for, as in seventeenth- recited the whole of the Scripto conduct services in village homes ture lesson faultlessly in excelin districts where there is no church century Eng 1and, the fluent lent Portuguese, and a woman within close distance. The work is shared with four men in the extending, and there is a children's reader reads aloud to illiterate singing of a special hymn. meeting run by English and Egyp- groups in coffee houses, shops, private houses, or even in the tians from the Old Cairo Hospital. street. The desire for general The service was not without literacy is growing, and Egyp- its touches of African humor. Fellowship of Unity tian women are demanding The paramount chief was pres- It is some seventeen years schools, equal educational privi- ent, and expressed in a speech leges for girls and marriage re- the joy of himself and his people since the Fellowship of Unity forms. The Egyptian Univer- at possessing at last a prayer- sity has 2,500 students; Govern- house of their own. "But our was inaugurated in Egypt as a ment secondary schools, 16,000 bell is cracked and won't ring. students; high schools, 4,100 What about a new one?" he means of cooperation for the students, and Al Azhar Univer- asked. Quite determined to members of all the Christian sity, 2,600 students. strike while the iron was hot, a communities. It has regularly little later he preferred another -World Survey. request. "What about a docheld services where all the Chris- tor?" He seemed to' think that tian churches, with the exception A New Opening one could produce a church bell of the Roman Catholic, have and a medical man at will. worshiped together. Three years New work has been opened up in Kibondo, an isolated place -C. M. S. Outlook. ago the united service was cele- about 150 miles from Kigoma. brated in the Armenian Church The people are primitive, but Quick Results in Nigeria in Cairo, in 1934, in the Greek ready to listen to the Gospel. Orthodox Cathedral and in No- The ruler of the district is a A native evangelist has revember, 1935, in the Coptic Or- woman, very intelligent, and cently started work among the Eggon people in the district thodox Cathedral of St. Mark. No less than eight Archbishops and Bishops were present on this last occasion, and clergy from French, Lutheran, Anglican, friendly towards the mission- around Lafiya, connected with American, Greek and Scottish aries. She and her husband are the Sudan United Mission. One Protestant churches. The Cop- Moslems; but she is a "hearer," of the first results appeared tic Choir opened with a hymn, although her husband at present when a great man among the which together with the thanks- shows no interest in the Chris- fetish worshipers cam e, and giving prayer that followed, de- tian message. One of the work- with his wife asked the evanlivered in Arabic by the Coptic ers writes: gelist to help him to burn his Bishop of Beni Suef, are from "We have many out-schools idols. After this open profession the ancient Coptic Liturgy. All with African teachers in charge, of faith in Christ, the convert joined in the Lord's Prayer, and we are hoping to train asked that his son-in-law, who made unusually impressive by young evangelists each year. lived two days' journey away, the unique appeal of French, Only this week eight young men might be visited and told. As a English, Armenian, G r e e k, have been placed with good result he, too, asked that his Egyptian and German spoken teachers for twelve months' ex- fetishes should be destroyed, simultaneously. The address perience, after having had three while yet a third idolater folwas given by the Wakeel of the months' training. When they lowed suit. In this district a Patriarch on the subject of the have gained this practical ex- number of raw pagans who are reunion of Christendom. perience they will come in for being trained by the Government

as schoolmasters, are attending the spiritual life inth~ . whole enable the Protestant churches the missionary meetings. sec t ion has been. g rea t I y strengthened and· enriched ; to present a united front in their -The Life of Faith. many have been restored and many: others have been encour- governmental and other public Appreciation of Missions aged· to desire to return to the relations, and to unify the treat- Lord. -Congo Mission News. ment of legal matters. In eccle- The Governor General of the siastical and doctrinal matters Belgian Congo has expressed his WESTERN ASIA the different units composing the sincere appreciation of the excel- synod will retain independence. lent work performed by Prot- Christian School Contacts estant missions, and emphasized Social Changes in Iran the importance of their medical Two of the six members of the work done in cooperation with graduating class at Aleppo, Mrs. Cady Allen, Presbyterian the Government. He thanked Syria, Presbyterian High School missionary in Kermanshah. tells missions for the service they are girls. This may not seem how radically social life has were rendering to the colony, worthy of mention, but probably changed in Iran. and commented on the fine no, other high school in Syria Christian character of many of can make the same boast. Also, Men and their wives call and rethe Congo converts. He further two are Moslem boys; both will ceive callers to gether. At first it all assured the Council that no con- be speakers on the commence- seemed delightfully new and interestfessional discrimination would ment program, one in Arabic and ing, out I soon began to realize that be exercised in the choice of can- the other in French. Th~ father the men made most of the conversadidates for the medical schools of one of· them was a prisoner tion, the hostess was always too busy at Leopoldville or elsewhere, and during the recent nationalist serving the guests to sit down and Protestant boys attending these demonstrations in Syria. The really visit with us. Lately I have schools would be able to follow other is a nephew of one of the been to several parties where just their own religious instruction. high officials in the Department ladies were present, and they have all of Education. One of the great- seemed to enjoy the greater freedom The Governor does not con- est. ~periences these two Mos- and informality, for as yet they are sider the Evangelical Church in lemboys have ever had is their not at ease in mixed crowds. I am the; Congo strong enough to being in a class with two very glad for the removal of the veil be– $tand on its own feet. If, for nice Christian girls. cause I have felt quite a change in aIiy reason, the missionaries some of my friends-it seems as were recalled at this time to Moslem Morality League though they feel closer to us, more their own countries, leaving open and ready to take us into their their converts to struggle alone, A Morality Lea g u e, with lives, more ready to share with us native Christians would not long branches in the towns and vil- their problems. When I visited one withstand the backward pull of lages of Palestine, has been of my veiled friends, or walked with paganism. formed by Moslems under the her on the street, however near and name of "Do and Don't," to dear we might be to each other, there Church Discipline in the Congo maintain the purity of public was a difference. But now we visit morals and insure proper be- each other, or walk together on the Perhaps if the church at home havior in public. The league has street – the difference has disapwere as strict in discipline as the asked the Palestine Government peared. Congo .Church there would be to ban immoral theatrical perfew left on the roll. Native pas- formances. Doctors Go to Church tq1".S and elders are even more s~yere in such measures than ·:",Toward a United Front Here is a church with 10% of are the missionaries. its membership in the medical A plan of organization has profession. In Hamadan, Iran, Because of these very strict been agreed upon by the is a Protestant church with 150 rules about Christian life and churches at work in Syria. members, including Iranians behavior there are necessarily Churches affiliated with the who were former Moslems, Asmany backsliders. At Luebo, a British Reformed Presbyterian syrians, Armenians, Americans personal workers' class has been and the American Reformed and Jewish converts. Fifteen of organized, and each week every Presbyteri3n . miss ion s, the the members of this church are worker is given a list of five or Frie.nds' Yearly Meeting, the doctors and three of the four ten people to hunt up, talk with, Damascus Church of the Irish elders are doctors. This is partly pray with and endeavor to bring Presbyterian mission, the Lu- explained by the fact that in the back to the Lord. Responsibility theran churches connected with earlier years of medical mission for a neighbor's spiritual life is the Danish Mission to the Orient work,; before there was a gova new idea in the Congo, but it and the Evangelical Synod, are ernment. medical school, ambiis growing, and young men, represented in this move toward tious. young men were taken into working with pastors and .evan- unity. The chief purpose is to the mission hospital, and trained gelists, have Peen literally comb- as physicians by the medical ing Luebowith the ,result that missionaries. Most of· these young men, through their Chris- tian contacts and training, be- came earnest Christians them- selves, joined the church, and take an active part in the vari- ous departments.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA tian children, making it possible lems of Christian literature in Oonverts Among the Bhils for rural children to attend India is that of distribution, and school. Opposition has arisen to do this more effectively vari- The Bhils of Central India of- to the use of this grant and the ous experiments have bee n fer special opportunities for Legislative Council has voted to tried; among them is a motor evangelization. Their homogene- suspend all payment under the caravan provided by friends in ity and, comparative isolation present terms of the resolution. England. Throughout 1935 the make less difficult the spread of the Gospel; their concepts seem The fear has been expressed that caravan was touring India. It to have no subtleties that re- it would operate as an induce- started in the Madras Presidenquire explaining away before ment to members of the De- cy in January and during its they can accept the truth in pressed Classes to become Chris- two-and-a-half months there it Christ, and they respond eager- tians in order that their children sold 10,369 Scriptures. It spent ly to the Gospel. Furthermore, might receive a grant. Under April in the Mysore State, with the acceptance of Christ means the present agitated state of af- a circulation of 2,694 portions. no very great change in their fairs in India regarding the con- Then during May, June and general life. Simplicity is the v e r s ion of the Depressed July it was in the area of the order of their being. A change Classes, it is easy to understand Bombay Auxiliary, finishing in of religion is mostly a change that both Hindus and Moham- the Central Provinces. It was of loyalty; there is no social up- medans would oppose such a hampered by monsoon condi- grant. tions both in actual traveling heaval. and in its selling work, but 7,529 It is characteristic of the At present Hindus and Mo- portions were sold. It then hammedans are receiving over spent August and September in Bhils that so many new converts a hundred thousand 'l"Upees a the area of the North India Auxare eager to carry the message year in the United Provinces for iliary, with sales of 9,155 porto other members of their fam- the support of their communal tions. During the last quarter ily scattered over the villages of schools. -Indian Witness. of the year it was in the Punjab. the area. The need for arousing interest no longer exists; but Triplets in India One Ohamar's Witness teaching is required. The arrival of quintuplets The C. M. S. Outlook has an Where the question of a school would not have been welcomed account of a Chamar, who, two building has been raised, the at this Chamar home where a years ago had been led to Christ people themselves have come Bible woman reports that when through a Christian sweeper, triplets came the caste relatives and started a movement among forward with an offer to erect said: "No woman should have his own class. Through this it, and plans are being made to triplets. The mother must be man's testimony, C ham a r s secure a group of promising punished." The babies all died from neighboring villages be- Bhils who will be fitted to give in a few days, yet the punish- cause inquirers. A group of ment was given. The mother about fQrty";men and women elementary education. S u c h was ordered to bathe in the from two, villages expressed teachers will serve a group of sacred Narbudda River in order their desire to become Chris- to help atone for the sin she tians. Later, fierce persecution villages. must have committed in a past from the caste people partially At a conference, arranged by incarnation. The Panchayat stamped out the movement; but (council) of five demanded during the past year it has rethe Mid-India Christian Coun- twenty rupees, which the family vived and has spread from vilcil, it was decided to make an was too poor to pay. Then they lage to village. ' put the mother on a donkey and effort to secure the cooperation made it run to the home of its Many new Christians are of all Missions working among owner, a washerman. The par- learning to pray; the few who ents were informed that the bai can read are not only feeding on Bhils, with a view to coordinating methods of work, pooling experiences, and establishing common centers for training along special lines, wherever this may prove possible.

-National Christian Coun- could be rescued by the payment the Word of God themselves, but cil Review. ' of any amount which the wash- are teaching others; they are erman demanded. That, too, learning to give t,o God's work Rural Education Problem would be difficult. In vain the out of their, ,qeep poverty, to Bible woman tried to make them The Christians of India are stand persecution, and to win, greatly concerned because of the see the Christian ideal. difficulty in providing primary -World Call. others for Christ. None of them has yet been baptized, except education for the rural Chris- Literature Oaravan' the original Chamar. tian community. In the United Provinces the Government set The year 1935 brought a new Lucknow Ashram aside a sum of ten thousand venture in the work of the Brit- The latest development of the rupees (about $3,300) to be ish and Foreign Bible Society work, which Dr. E. Stanley used as scholarships for Chris- in India. One of the great prob- J ones has been doing among ed'-

ucated Indians for 22 years, has asked to be supplied with equip- Ohefoo School for Deaf been the founding of an Ashram ment for home treatment. This at Lucknow, from which medi- gave the missionaries the idea Those who contributed to the cal, educational and social work of establishing clinics in various Chefoo School for the Deaf have of various kinds is carried on. districts. Twenty of these have made it possible to keep in lt grew out of the Ashram which been opened, all under the super- school fourteen children from he had founded in the Himalayas vision of former leper patients, destitute homes, ten 0 the r s where some 200 people live to- treating more than 500 patients. whose relatives cannot pay more gether in Indian fashion. They The only cost involved is that of than five or ten dollars towards include, he said, Europeans and medicines, but no medicine is food, and fifteen who cannot pay Indians, Government officials given any group which fails to more than one-half the cost of and ardent nationalists, funda- report monthly on the number food. Fifteen of the children mentalists and modernists, con- of injections given. Practically come from homes where one or servatives and radicals, high all clinics show increased at- both parents have died. Fiftycaste and low. "Leave behind tendance, in some instances over five deaf children, eleven girls all race and class distinctions, 100%. and forty-four boys between the all ye who enter here," is one of ages of seven and seventeen, the mottoes on the wall. "Chris- One of the most important have made satisfactory progress tianity has many critics," says and encouraging features of the in learning the language neces- Dr. Jones, "but no rivals in the work is the evangelistic oppor- sary to communicate with their work of human redemption." tunity offered by these estab- home people. lished clinic groups. All the pa- Under the supervision of Dr. tients come from non-Christian An hOUl; and a half is spent on E. Stanley Jones and those as- homes, but the majority, upon Saturday mornings in preparing sociated with him in the Ash- leaving, have accepted Christ. for the Bible lessons which they ram, a series of pamphlets and Christian centers have thus been have on Sunday. One little boy tracts on the Christian message established and two churches from a very poor home in the is being prepared for mailing, have been built. country asked for a Bible when month by month, to the leaders leaving for vacation. As he had of the Depressed Classes and the -Siam Outlook. been in school only two years, aboriginal tribes of I n d i a, his ability to read it was quesgroups numbering perhaps 70,- OHINA tioned, but when by the use of 000,000 people. speech, writing and pantomime, Successful Preaching he made it plain that he would Among the first materials not knock his head to idols and printed and mailed are: the Rev. R. W. Porteous, of the he wanted to learn how to pray Gospel of St. Luke, with helpful C. I. M. Bible Training Institute to the true God in Heaven, he comments and the story of Ditt, at Nanchang, reports that a new was given a copy of the Gospels, a humble Chuhra convert, who Gospel Hall has been opened and and his delight was unbounded. refused to be segregated in the a chapel seating 200. The Gosmission compound, and led, un- pel message has been delivered -Chefoo School Report. der God, a mighty movement of there to attentive crowds almost his former caste fellows into the every night for four months and OhTist Speaks Through the Christian Church. hundreds have indicated their East desire to accept Christ as their -Christian Advocate. Saviour. This provides oppor- An American woman who has tunity for students to do per- lived fifteen years in China, Leper Olinics in Siam sonal work. Two student bands Miss Helen W. Dutton, testifies were assigned to evangelize two to the contributions which that Various estimates of the num- neighboring markets and as a country has made to her life; ber of lepers in Siam have been result several families destroyed best of all, she says, her discovmade from time to time, but their idols. ery of the Christ of the East, none of these is accurate. Fear the Jesus who bade men go the of discovery, leading to ostra- Mr. Porteous writes: second mile; who bade men forcism, persecution, and much give their brother unto seventy suffering, causes large numbers God has been doing a great work times seven; who told men to to go into hiding or to cover all among the wounded soldiers in the love God and their neighbor as signs of their affliction as long military hospitals in the city. Many themselves, who told the rich as possible. However, an esti- have responded to the Gospel appeal, man to sell all his goods and feed mate of 20,000 is approximately though quite a number who, we be- the poor if he would gain the correct. lieve, were saved, did not have an Kin g do m of Heaven'; who opportunity to De baptized before sou g h t the lost sheep and The number of patients being they were called to rejoin their regi- brought it to the fold again; who treated at present in leprosy ments, be discharged. or return to bade men lose their lives for hospitals in Siam is less than their homes; we had, however, the others that they might save 1,000, or only 5% of the esti- joy of seeing 114 baptized in the them – this Jesus the East unmated leper population. For C. 1. M. Church. These have all left derstands and will accept. "The the past three or four years for other provinces or different parts most of the patients on leaving of Kiangsi, and some to their homes, but each with aNew Testament or Bible in his kit.

-The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oriental is truly a literalist," Christian training to the chil- Chinese democracy, which is so real as to be unconscious, all meet together says Miss Dutton. "He expects dren and youth of China. Their not only for service but enjoy meetto see in an individual who calls pupils represent 950,000 Protes- ing afterwards, and do so with great himself Christian those qualities tant Christian families. savoir taire. The group is often which Jesus called 'blessed.' Let Sir Frederick Leith-Ross, in joined by lamas, some of whom come him exemplify those traits in his his report on financial conditions from very distant lamaseries in Tibet.

daily living-he will have no in China, fully corroborates the Students' Problems substitute. . . . I see more of report of the American Econom- the gentle, patient Jesus in these ic Mission that "a vast change Prof. D. L. Phelps was recent- Eastern friends of mine. I am is coming over China, a modern- ly asked to address a mid-week glad for my years in China, ization that as compared with assembly at West China Union where I have come to under- ten or even five years ago marks University, Chengtu. He asked stand bet t e r the Oriental many centuries." This opinion the students to send in questions -Advance. is confirmed by those familiar about religion in advance, and Christ."

Child Slavery Today with conditions in widely sepa- in the hour allotted, attempted rated provinces; beyond ques- to answer them. So many ques- It is thirteen years since Mr. tion, China's youth is in the fore- tions were handed in that Prof. Winston Churchill told the front of the struggle for prog- Phelps was given the following House of Commons that he in- ress. week's assembly hour.

tended to abolish child slavery The determined attack upon Dr. H. Bruce Collier of the in the British possession of the opium scourge is part of this faculty analyzed these questions Hongkong within one year-and effort for national salvation. and found that they could be distill the evil continues. A spe- Mr. Hoo, the Chinese delegate vided into five groups: funda- at Geneva, stated last May that mental questions of God, prayer, cial commission has now been nearly 1,000 drug addicts, and meaning of religion, 29 per cent; sent out from England to look drug traffickers were shot in doctrines, miracles and superinto the whole problem. It is China last year. The life of the stitions, 23 per cent; personal doubtful whether there is any- Chinese nation, he added, de- relations to religion, and personthing within the realm of slave pended upon victory in this fight systems so revolting as child again opium. -World Survey. al benefits, 20 per cent; necesslavery-the sale of thousands sity of religion, and uniqueness of little girls say of five years of "Central Asia Trio" of Christianity, 14 per cent; poage, at half-a-crown apiece- litical problems, 14 per cent.

bought for "appreciation" – The British Weekly publishes The largest percentage related bought for sale again at eight to to the nature of God and prayer. ten years of age, for drudgery- a letter from Miss Mildred Ca- Typical questions were: ble, written July 1 from Kansu or worse, without the glimmer province, where she and her col- "Why do you believe in God 1" of an understanding of what leagues, the Misses Francesca "What is the real meaning of awaits them. The cruelties im- and Evangeline French, have prayer?" "Can religion really posed upon them are of such na- arrived after their journey ture that pUblication of them through the Gobi desert. She discover the 'way out' that is the would be prohibited in the Brit- goal of all life?" There were ish press. writes: several very searching ques- tions: A wealthy Chinese gentleman, We have left the "great and terrible "Jesus said that 'whosoever desert" behind us for the fifth time. shall smite thee on the right who has decided to devote his As Christ's ambassadors we have been life and means to the abolition able to tell the Good News in every cheek, turn to him the other alof this gigantic evil, declares oasis on the main trade route. We so.' Now Japan has occupied by that there are more than 4,000,- have had a most touching welcome force our three eastern prov- 000 pitiable little slaves within everywhere. The people last saw us inces ; should we not take the China proper; probably there hurrying away from the "Thunder- five northern provinces and give bolt" and his troops, and many saw are about 10,000 in British me on that same journey with my them to Japan, too?" And "The head bandaged, after the bad kick Powers of Europe and America Hongkong and Malaya. It is which a donkey belonging to a Moslem the job of this new commission gave me. The fact that we have re- are nations that worship God. turned after all this has made many Why, then, are they guilty of to discover their numbers and whereabouts, and to propose to realize. the urgency of our commission. acts of aggression toward the Weare now once again in Tunh- weaker nations?" the government means for put- wang, the City of Sands, and have ting down the unholy traffic go- been able to revisit the beautiful Lake The experiment revealed the ing on between Chinese in China of the Crescent Moon and the Cave of type of religious problem wmch and Chinese inhabitants in Brit- the Thousand Buddhas. occupies the student thought.

ish territories. Every afternoon we hold a service -United Church Record. -The Chronicle. in the large room of our rented house Difficult Mongolia -we call it the Blue Palace. You Changes Show Progress would be interested in the crowd which Seventy-nine missionary soci- gathers there. It always includes a Work among Mongols was strange variety of listeners, from beg- started about a century ago, and gar maids to the wives of the prineties are engaged in giving cipal military officials. Thanks to taken up afresh by James Gil-

mour in 1885. A little over a prohibition was continued for blow to the propagation of civic year ago the new capital of In- another five years, which came idealism; but many older, exner Mongolia was opened at to an end on March 31, 1936. perienced missionaries hold that Pailingmiao formerly a caravan During that period it is esti- "preaching, teaching and philancenter, but nothing more. Mis- mated that the village has saved thropy" sum up the missionary's sionary work had never been 173,000 yen, although most other whole duty, and they disapprove carried on there, but Prince Teh villages have "gone into the all activities capable of arousing Wang granted permission on red." Of this sum, 45,000 yen political suspicions. this occasion. The opposition was spent on the new school, from the lamas caused the lib- 50,000 yen on new homes, 74,000 -New York Times. erty previously granted to be re- yen was invested in cooperative stricted, but good s e r vic e s associations, and 4,000 yen in Rural Newspaper Evangelism among the Mongols, and much the postal savings bank. In adinterest in the Gospel are re- dition, the mayor proudly re- Dr. Daniel C. Buchanan of ported. For several months a ports that the children of the vil- Kyoto finds a wide field for rural Bible Class was carried on lage are better fed and clothed, new spa per evangelism. He among government secretaries, that the children's death rate as writes: and medical treatment has been well as the general death rate given. Today, Pailingmiao is has decreased, that the number The personal interview is the methdeveloping rapidly and boasts a of persons seeking medical at- od par excellence in our work of newstemple, with more than 1,000 tention has decreased 40ro, that paper evangelism in rural districts. lamas. lawsuits, illegitimacy, crime, If a member lives in another part of gambling, police court cases and the Empire, too far away for us to JAPAN election offenses have been done call on him when the time seems away with. propitious, we send his name and ad- "Year of the Monkey" dress to the nearest missionary or -Japan Christian Quarterly. Japanese pastor with the request that Once every twelve years comes he call on the inquirer and try to get the "Year of the Monkey," when American Missionary him linked up with some church. young people ask "whom shall I Excluded Those members who live in our field copy this year?" with a some- we try to call on as often as possible. what sincere belief that thus The refusal of the police to We also encourage them to come to they may improve. The seventy- readmit into Japan Rev. Dr. J. our office whenever they visit the city, five children in the Morning Spencer Kennard, American Thus we have found that the best Star Kindergarten at Yamagu- Baptist missionary, is in the na- way to win a man for Christ is to chi do not wait for the twelfth ture of a bombshell. It is have heart to heart talks with him, year. When they "play kinder- thought there may be a blacklist pray frequently with and for him, garten" there is the piano teach- of other American missionaries and love him into the Kingdom. er, the teacher who leads the cir- suspected of anti-war or labor cle hour and the one who con- sympathies. These missionaries Newspaper evangelism is es- 'ducts the prayer period. The do not expect to be deported, but tablishing groups which willlatlittle mimics do not forget to be fear their next furlough may er develop into churches. The gentle and smiling; the three terminate their careers in J a- work is carried on through ad- 'real teachers looking on are pan. They are social workers of vertising in newspapers and struck by the skill in mimicry, Kagawa's type, but the police mag a z i n e s, correspondence, smiling as they see themselves draw a distinction between a na- monthly magazines sent free of so perfectly portrayed with all tive, like Dr. Kagawa, and for- charge to all members of the their little mannerisms. It is eigners who come on what many church and for three months to not to be wondered at when they Japanese consider the superflu- all inquirers who have not joined say to one another. "Well, if ous mission of bringing Japan a the church, by tract distribution, they copy even us as closely as new religion. and through a loan library, as that, we'll have to see to it that well as through the use of sterewe lead them to copy in all seri- There is no fear that any mis- opticon and moving pictures, ousness the One who is Best." sionaries will run personal risk and personal interviews. or find their freedom of preach- A Model Village ing interferred with, but in the Christian Literature future they will have to' avoid . .A notable experiment in tem- quasi-political activities, such as A group of far sighted misperance was made by the village the propagation of peace or in- sionaries and Japanese Christian of Kawaidani. In 1925, the ternational idealism of the type leaders began in January, 1935, mayor proposed that the village represented by the Fellowship of as one of the activities of the "go dry" for a period of five Reconciliation and kindred or- Christian Literature Society, a years in order to rebuild the vil- ganizations. They may preach Central Christian Library to lage school, which had been de- their faith and teach English, house a collection of Christian stroyed in a fire. So successful but nothing more. A number of books, especially those published was the plan that the term of younger missionaries regard the in Japan since the beginning of police action as a shattering Protestant work. About 4,000 columes have been purchased or received as gifts to date and cat- alogued, the expenses being met largely by Japanese Christians.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Some of the books assembled are voted to intensive. teaching of safe now," but really because of records of martyrdoms, others what the Christian life means. their deep-rooted pagan fear tell of methods of expressing the that if they move away, the spir- Gospel. A reading room well – Watchman-Examiner. supplied with reference books in its of the 73 who were killed will English for the use of clergy, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC pursue and punish them. Bible students and evangelists; commentaries, dictionaries, etc., Samoan Schools Due to the perseVerance of and a loan library by mail for the Rev. Clifford Nobes, the prodistant workers is part of the For nearly a century the peo- vincial government has taken a ultimate plan. ple of Samoa have been able to hand and by the latest report read and write their own lan- has given the people thirty days Another timely piece of work guage, through the untiring ef- to move away, promising help in Christian literature is the ag- forts of their own Samoan vilgressive program of the five- lage pastors, who have acted al- in moving expenses and in getyear-old Brotherhood of St. An- so as village schoolmasters. In ting new land. The situation is drew in Japan. More than 22,- addition to ordinary school sub- really perilous for there are big 000 copies of the Forward Move- jects the boys are given practiment booklets, adapted and cal training in agriculture, car- new cracks in the mountainside, translated from the American pentry, music and craft work. waiting for a typhoon to start series, have been printed and It is the secret desire, however, more slides. distributed throughout the 271 of nearly every schoolboy to beparishes and missions of the come some day an ordained pas- Protestant Strength in Episcopal Church. tor. Philippines -The Living Church. There are two schools for The National Christian Coun- girls; the one at Papauta ac- cil of the Philippines gives the Result of Teacher's Testimony commodates 150, who enter only on recommendation of village following numerical strength of Mr. Sakata, Principal of the pastors. The school itself is a Protestantism in the Islands: Mary L. Colby School for Girls village where all food supplies in Yokohama, arranged a series are grown on the hillside planta- United Evangelical Church 42,910. of evangelistic meetings with tions and the girls take their (including all members in 82,910. Mr. Kimura. Thirty-five years part in caring for the gardens. regions w her e Presbybefore, Mr. Sakata, a young sol- All practical training can be car- terian, Congregational and 18,0.0.0. dier about to be called into serv- ried out by the girls in their own United Brethren mission- 15,0.0.0., ice, was converted by Mr. Ki- homes when they leave school, 10.,0.0.0. mura and made up his mind that after four or five years' resi- aries are serving) …… . 8,0.0.0. instead of spending his life kill- dence. Methodist Episcopal …… . ing people he would spend it 2,50.0. showing them how to live. Al- Atauloma school has the three- Iglesia Evangelica Metodista most immediately he was called fold aim of helping the students, en las Islas Filipinas …. 250. to Manchuria and was there for finding ways for them to help the ten years. When he came back school and of keeping in touch Iglesia Evangelica de Cristo he trained himself to become a after they leave. Graduates Christian teacher. work to give financial aid. By Baptist ..•……….•….. bazaars or direct giving from Mr. Kimura told of going to their funds they have raised Disciples of Christ ……. . see the young man off when he enough to give four Aladdin was about to leave for Man- lamps for the main hall, £14 to- Association of Baptists for churia. He clasped his hand, ward other improvements. Evangelism in the Orient never expecting to see him again, but God had work for him -L. M. S. Chronicle. Philippine-Borneo Faith Misand brought him back. sion …………..•….. Typhoon Damage The effect of this story was Total …………….. 179,570. direct and fruitful. Almost the With the return of typhoon whole school stood to indicate season in the Philippines, it will "God Hath Spoken" that they too wanted to follow be recalled that last year a great Christ. Mr. Sakata had them landslide buried 73 people in the In a letter received recently go to their class rooms and town of Balogang, near Sagada. from a worker in the Philippine there, if they so desired, they At the time and ever since then Islands, the following story is were to write out their decision, the missionaries at Sagada have told: signing their names. When they been trying to get the remaining were counted there were 307. people of the town to move to a "Soon after our arrival here Committees set to work imme- new site, but the old men, domi- we came across a young man diately and the result is that nating the situation, have re- who had no other book except there is one period a week de- fused, ostensibly because "it is the booklet 'God Hath Spoken.' In all his conversations with his friends he always tried to find God's guidance in this little book, so much so that his friends gave him the nickname An Dios Nag- yakan. Needless to say he soon became an Evangelical Chris- tian, and the proud possessor of aNew Testament." This booklet is issued by the Scripture.Gift Mission in many languages.

-Life of Faith.

MISCELLANEOUS pointing out that the Bible is not those in Japan, Canada, Aus- Faith Missions· merely a Protestant book, as so tralia, South Africa and other often alleged. The remarkable countries. A large proportion A recently published pamphlet thing is that her work is com- of the South African police are summarizes the service of pop- mended by the Cardinal Arch- members of the Association, and ularly called Faith Missions. bishop of Paris. The movement about 1,000 joined last year, The Interdenominational For- had its origin in Italy, where a while more than that number of eign Mission Association of Waldensian pastor describes it New Testaments were circulated North America was formed in as a real Reformation within the among the men, besides thou- 1917 by a group of foreign mis- Catholic Church. Roman Cath- sands of tracts and leaflets. In sionary societies that were not olic writers have also been draw- Japan the work has gradually denominationally related, but ing attention to archreological been becoming more difficult, which held identical doctrinal discovery and its bearing upon chiefly because the police are convictions and adhered to sim- the truth of the Bible. under the military authorities. -The Christian. Each week Captain Gerrard ilar missionary principles and visits the Tokyo Police Training practices. Prayer fellowship, Jews of the World School, where he distributes conferences concerning mission- tracts and Testaments among ary policy, and united appeal for Jews throughout the world to- 200 men. When the men leave world evangelization are aims day number 16,291,000 as com- they are often drafted to remote of the organization. pared with an estimated 4,200,- country villages, and may be the 000 in 1850, according to a sum- only possessors of God's .Word Listed in the order of their in the place. inception, the sixteen societies mary of the work of the noted Jewish statistician, Dr. Erwin There is also a work for wives that are now members of the Rawicz, appearing in the C.-V. of policemen.-The Christian. Association are: The Woman's Zeitung, of Berlin. The rapid Union Missionary Society of America, the China Inland Mis- increase coincides with the A Century's Achievements sion, the India Christian Mis- emancipation of the Jews in sion, the South African General most European countries and the The American Baptist For- Mission, the Central American growth of industrialization, it is eign Mission Society sums up Mission, the Sudan Interior declared, following a heavy de- its achievements of the past cen- Mission, the Ceylon and India crease in the Jewish population tury in a comparison of figures General Mission, the Africa In- in the previous twenty or which include the work of both land Mission, the Bible House of twenty-five centuries. Since the General and the Women's Los Angeles, the Inland South 1800 the general population of Societies: America Missionary Union, the Europe rose from just below Number of missionaries 1836 1935 Bolivian Indian· Mission, the 190 millions to some 500 millions on the foreign fields. 46 590 today. The summary shows Number of organized 3,226 North East India General Mis- 352,413 sion, the Evangelical Union of that there were about three Jews churches ……….. 9 South America, the American per thousand in 1800, about Members of churches abroad …………. 888 European Fellowship, the Ori- seven in 1900, and about eight Number of schools of all 4,372 in 1935. grades ….•…….. 11 noco River Mission and the 10,529 The Jewish population of Number of native work- 32 Latin America Evangelization Great Britain, according to the Campaign. ers ………..•..•. Number of hospitals .. , '" The pamphlet contains a list survey, is 340,000. The Jewish NumiJer of dispensaries … 55 of the officiary of each Mission, population of Germany is given Patients treated …… '" 344,560 and a brief statement concern- as 400,000, compared with an The number of baptisms by ing each society's origin, aim estimated 550,000 at the time of decades indicates the steady and ministry. Copies of the Hitler's advent to power. Jews growth on the mission fields: pamphlet may be secured with- in Palestine numbered 395,000 in 1935-1844 ………•……. 6,653 out cost from the headquarters 1855-1864 …•………•… 12,617 1935. By continents, there were 1875-1884 …………….. 42.,762 of the various mission agencies 1895-1904 …………….. 68,375 listed, or from the Secretary of 9,736,000 Jew in Europe, includ- 1915-1924 …………….. 125,743 the Association, George H. Dow- ing Turkey in Asia and Russia; 1925-1934 …………….. 187,536 knott, 113 Fulton Street, New 560,000 in Africa; 936,000 in York, N. Y. Asia; 5,031,000 in North and Many churches have developed -The King's Business. South America; and 27,000 in their own leadership; among Australia and New Zealand. these are the Chekiang Shang- Bible Reading for Catholics hai Baptist Convention, East A "back-to-the-Bible" tend- -The Jewish Chronicle. Japan Baptist Convention, the Convention of Philippine Bap- International Christian Police ency is noted among Catholics. Founded 53 years ago the In- tist Churches, Inc., the All- A noted archreologist's wife- a ternational Christian Police As- Burma Baptist Convention and Roman Catholic-has published sociation is now world-wide in the Bengal-Orissa B apt i s t some booklets, commending the its activities, and binds the Yearly Meeting. -Watchman-Examiner. reading of the Word of God, and Christian police in England with Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Indian Thought and Its Development. its world- and life-negation in If we must look for another, By Albert Schweitzer. Translated its later development. The book by Mrs. Charles E. B. Russell. pp. is thought-provoking, and is what about the thought of Jesus 272. Price, $2.50. Henry Holt and Company. New York. 1936. packed with accurate informa- Christ? Paul's philosophy was tion regarding the philosophy Dr. Schweitzer has distin- and history of Indian thought. based on it and is still valid and guished himself as philosopher, musician, and doctor in the equa- We believe, however, that the potent. S. M. ZWEMER. torial primeval forests of Africa. author does not place due em- He tells us that Indian thought phasis on the debt of Western Levucka Days. By C. W. Whonsbon attracted him from his youth, es- thought to Christianity. The er- Aston. pp. 95, Paper, 40 cents. pecially through the writings of ror of Hinduism and Buddhism Society for Promoting Christian Schopenhauer and his conviction is not world- and life-negation Knowledge. London. that Indian ethics were con- only, but the denial of worldcerned with the behavior of man and life-reality. In Jesus Christ This small book recounts the in relation to all living beings we have both the affirmation and experiences of a clergyman of and not mer~ly to his fellow negation. His disciples are not the Church of England who man. to be taken out of the world, but spent three years in the Fiji to be kept from the evil that is Islands. The Bishop of Polyne- He speaks of in the world. The Son of Man sia writes a commendatory in- came eating and drinking. The troduction. The narrative illus- "the difficulty of describing defi- world and life in the New Testa- trates the various interests and nite lines i)f development in a ment are not maya, illusion, but problems which face a missionphilosophy which possesses in so re- a great reality. We are not to ary in a field which includes numarkable a degree the will and the leave the world, but to overcome merous islands separated by ability not to perceive contrasts as the world. Weare not to sup- broad ocean spaces in which such, and allows ideas of heteroge- press life, but to seek its fullest navigation is rendered dangerneous character to subsist side by side development. The things that ous by currents and coral reefs. and even brings them into connection are seen are real, but they are with each other. But I believe that also temporal. The things that A. J. BROWN. we, the people of the West, shall only are not seen are real and eternal. rightly comprehend what Indian There is only one reference to Korean Young Folks. By Frederick thought really is and what is its sig- Paul's philosophy and ethics, and S. Miller. pP. 189. $2.00. Fleming nificance for the thought of all man- the author always uses the word H. Revell. New York. 1936. kind, if we succeed in gaining an in- Jesus, not Christ, when referring sight into its processes." to our Lord. These glimpses of life in Ko- rea are not dry descriptions but Beginning with a comparison At the close of the preface the are a series of interesting of Western and Indian thought, sketches of real young people. Dr. Schweitzer sketches the rise reader is told that neither in With such quaint names as of world- and life-negation in Western nor in Indian thought White Dragon, Great Mountain, the Vedas, the teaching of the Seven Stars, Jewel and the like, Upanishads, the rise of Jainism, do we find the ideal or the final- these young folks figure largely Buddhism and its later develop- ity. in the stories of country and vilment outside of India. There are lage life. The reader learns also chapters on present-day "For there must indeed arise a about rice farming and fuel cut- Hinduism, the Bhagavad Gita, philosophy profounder and more liv- ting, paper-making and house and modern Indian thought. ing than our own and endowed with building, how candy and puffed greater spiritual and ethical force. In rice are made and how kites are The basic distinction between this terrible period through which flown; about weddings and fu- Western thought and that of In- mankind is passing, from the East nerals and ancestor worship. dia is that the former makes th~ and from the West we must all keep affirmation of the world and life, a lookout for the coming of this more We read about Seven Stars while the latter makes its nega- perfect and more powerful form of who butted the goat; about Pigtion. This negation, he holds, is thought which will conquer the hearts gie who rolled off the bridge in void of ethical value, and there- of individuals and compel whole peo- his sleep; about Skylark the donfore Hinduism itself, and more ples to acknowledge its sway. It is for this that we must strive." key who could bray noiselessly especially Buddhism, modified and helped distribute tracts by holding them in his lips; about Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RllvIllW publishers on receipt of price.

[619 ] Kim the gambler and how he ficial relationships brought him ger. It is a true picture of that knew he was a Christian; the into contact. ARTHUR J. BROWN. heroic type of work which has narrow escape of Pak who wouldn't hit back, and a score of Christian Giving. By Clarence Ed- been done in Brazil for more than ward Macartney, D.D. 15 cents. other stories of humor and Zondervan Publishing House, Grand half a century. The author, Wilpathos, rascality and heroism Rapids. 1936. liam Anglin, himself a legiti- mate descendant in the long line and victorious Christian living. Children and adults alike will This is a sermori-;nd – the of missionary pioneers, has writ- ten these simple stories of conread with profit and pleasure preacher being Dr. Macartney- version to give a fresh sense of how a missionary works, how the saving grace of our Lord and Gospels and tracts are distrib- it is in approved sermonic style, the wonderful power of His Gosuted, how Christ changes lives, pel. It will inform, and inspire how Christians testify to non- Scriptural, clear, cogent. It is the reader and stimulate a great- Christians and how and why the er missionary passion. Gospel spreads in a foreign well that it has been published, land. J. E. MORELAND. so as to reach a wider audience. Those who have been enter- Ethiopia. By John H. Shaw, Consul tained and instructed by reading Giving is, of course, only a seg- General of Ethiopia. HOur Korean Friends," by the same author, a veteran mission- ment of the circle of Christian This paper-covered booklet on ary in Korea, will need no urg- Ethiopia, comprising ninety-five ing to secure his new book. Stewardship which Jesus pre- pages, is, as the author states ir his Introduction, an attempt "to WALTER C. ERDMAN. sented whole in his teaching, but portray an honest, truthful pic- ture of this comparatively un- Across the Years. By Charles Sted- giving is the trait Hlikest God known Christian empire, with a man Macfarland. An Autobiog- short outline of the historic raphy. pp. 367. $2.75. The Mac- within the Soul," and it deserves background, the natural re- millan Company. New York. 1936. sources, the people, the govern- to be stressed in "at least a ser- ment, and some of the undercur- Dr. Macfarland was for sev- rents that have led to the preseral years secretary of the Fed- mon every year," as Dr~ Mac- ent difficulties." The aim is too eral Council of the Churches of broad to be carried out success- Christ in America, a post to artney plans, making this the fully in so short a volume and which he was called from a Con- the book as a result is very gregational pastorate in 1911, first of the series. D. McC. sketchy. when forty-five years of age. The Federal Council was then a new A Story of Child Life in Old Peking. The author is very open in his venture, small, weak and with By Margaret Rossiter White. pp. pro-Ethiopian sympathies and no dependable revenue. It was 91. $1.0Q, cloth. Fleming H. Revell makes many statements highly strenuously opposed by some de- Ci. New York. 1936. commending the Emperor Haile nominations and by many min- Selassie The First. Had it been Every child who likes a good story will find this one of the best. In picturing the home life of a well-to-do Chinese family the author gives the pattern of Chinese culture and civilization in a way that the grown-up, as well as the child, will find inter- esting; and the result cannot but develop a bond of under- standing between the races.

H.B. F.

isters and I a y men in the Stories From Brazil. By William possible for the author to place churches which gave it scanty Anglin. With eleven illustrations. this book on the market before support. But its secretary 96 pages. $1. Pickering and Inglis. proved to be a born promoter, London, Glasgow, Edinburgh. the cataclysmic downfall of the: Ethiopian Empire the book and was strongly reenforced by In Brazil there are two dis- would have filled a greater need the growing demand for unity tinct types of missionary work. than at present. Events moved and cooperation in Christian The first is carried on in the so rapidly that even this booklet, work. By his energy and execu- great centers of population and published in 1936, is out of date. tive ability Dr. Macfarland de- at certain points along the At- The predictions made, such as veloped the Council into a large lantic coast where civilization "this nation of warriors would and influential organization. and customs are only slightly fight to the bitter end. The After twenty years, he retired dissimilar to those of North Ethiopian Empire can only be in 1931 as Secretary Emeritus. America. The second is being subdued by killing every man Now, at the age of seventy, he carried on, for the most part, and woman in it" ,have proven reviews his life's work, describ- among the more backward sec- false and the author is no doubt ing his early career and varied tions of the population. as keenly disappointed in the personal experiences, and the These "Stories from Brazil" unexpected collapse of the mocontroversies in which he and relate distinctly to the second rale of the Ethiopian army and the Federal Council were often type. They bear the authentic the flight of Emperor, and as involved. Of special interest is stamp of pioneer missionary ex- disillusioned in the outcome of his account of the various inter- perience, including travel after the struggle and the altruism of denominational and internation- the most primitive fashion and protector nations, as is the al movements of recent decades preaching the Gospel to under- writer of this review, who has and the eminent men in America privileged people, despite 'Perse- himself spent five years in and Europe with whom his of- cution and ever imminent dan- Ethiopia. STUART BERGSMA, M.D.

Booles Popular Commentary on the Interna- An Unusual New

tional Sunday School Lessons. As I Saw Africa. Eva Alice Springer. 1937. 90 cents. 224 pp. Revell. MY BELOVED ARMENIA 243 pp. }>owell & White. Cincin- New York. By MARIE S. BANKER nati, Ohio. . The King's Palace. Pen Pictures A thrilling testimony of her jrirlhood days Almanacs-Daily Light, 13hd.; Our from Ephesians. H. E. Anderson. in the caves of Armenia hiding from the Home, 1d.; Bible Almanac, 2d. 125 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Turks, the suffering of her people in the Pickering & Inglis. London. London. deserts, her remarkable escapes from death, her perilous trip to Smyrna at the time of China Year Book. Edited by H. G. With Christ Into Tomorrow. Hunter the World War, the loyalty of her parents Woodhead. 510 pp. North China B. Blakely. 1GO pp. GO cents. Pres- to Christ, and the persecutions whIch the Daily News and Herald Co., Uni- byterian Committee of Publication. Armenians endured even unto death. Cusversity of Chicago Press, Chicago. Richmond, Va. toms of the Turks described and their hatred of Armenians revealed. Remarkable an- Christians in Other Lands. Compiled China Calling. Frank Houghton. 200 swers to prayer recordet!. How Got! supby Dorothy M. Horne. lB. 6d. pp. $1.00 cloth; 50 cents paper. plied her needs folt!. S. P. G. in F. P. London. China Inland Mission. Philadelphia and Toronto. Intensely Interestln,. and unusually Informing. True to life but reads Calendars-Daily Meditation~ lB. 6d.; The China Inland Mission. like fiction. Stimulatinl to faitb and Golden Grain, lB. 3d.; Golaen Text, By Love Compelled. The Call of the Christian fortitude. lB. 3d.; Daily Manna, lB.; Grace & Trust, lB.; Young Folks Calendar, China Inland Mission. Marshall Beautifully bound in blue cloth ,gold letter- lB.; Pickering & Inglis. London. Broomhall. 12G pp. 85 cents. China i1B, tinted edges; attractive two-color jacket; Inland Mission. Toronto and Phila- illustrated; photo of author; 208 pages; The Church and the Churches. Karl delphia. $1.25. Barth. 92 pp. 75 cents. Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., Grand Rapids, Obituary Not.. YOU WILL APPRECIATE THIS Mich. OUTSTANDING BOOK!

THE BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N 848 N. Wells St. Chicago, Ill. David and Jonathan. Lucy Laing. (C01UJluded from sd cO'IJer.) 9G pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. and director of Indian missions. He Dr. William S. Bovard, Secretary London. was the author of "Mormonism, the of the Methodist Board of Education from 1924-1932, and since then the Golden Grain Almanac. Small-type • • • Islam of America" and other books. head of the Board's promotion work edition, 2d. and Gd.; large-type Bishop Wilbur Patterson Thir- until his retirement last June, died at edition, ~d. and lB. Pickering & kield, retired, of the Methodist Epis- Sierra Madre, California, on Septem- Inglis. LI. ~don. copal Church, leader in Negro educa· ber 16. tion in the United States, died on ••• Golden Grah'. Diary. Vest-pocket November 9th, after several months' edition. lB. to G8. Gd.; Standard Hon. Hampei Nagao and Rev. M. Edition, lB. t<. GB. Gd. Pickering & • • illness at 82 years of age. Inglis. Londoh. Akazawa, two Japanese Christian • High Lights in the Near East. leaders, died recently. The former Reminiscences of nearly 40 years' Col. George Wingate, the founder used his political influence to further service. Abdul-Fady (A. T. Up- of the Central Asian Mission, and a the temperanee cause; and the latter son) • 128 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, highly honored Christian and promot- was Bishop of the Methodist Church. Morgan & Scott. London. er of Christian work, died recently in England at the age of 84. He was Mexico Today. Col. Irving Speed a member of the board of the Regions Wallace. 364 pp. $2.00. Meador Beyond Missionary Union. Pub. Co. Boston. JUST OFF THE PRESS! My Robber-Captain. C. G. Kilpper. 166 pp. $1.00. Wm. B. Eerdmans The Presbyterian .!,mn~ Pub. Co. Grand Rapids.

New Testament Principles and Mod- A weekly religious newspaper in of tbt ern Missions. By a Missionary its lo6th year of continuous pub- Secretary. Gd. 22 pp. World Do- (!Cbri~tian minion Press. London.

New Testament Commentary. Edited lication under the same name. 1Lift by Herbert C. Allerman. United Lutheran Pub. House. Philadel- It is conservative and evangel- ell BOOK of worship in song, com- phia,l'a. ical, gets its news by telegraph bining a hymnal for general and keeps abreast of the times. church use, and a song book for evan- Portuguese East Africa-A Study of gelistic purposes. Owy songs sound Its Religious Needs. Eduardo Mor- It goes into every state of the in the faith and inspirational-in char- eira. 104 pp. 28. Gd. World Do- Union, the District of Columbia, acter included•••emphasizing Evangel- minion Press. London. and U. S. possessions. ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Many of the new._.the best of the old. Reftections of a Pioneer. W. R. S. It goes to Asia and Africa, South Miller. 58. 22G pp. C. M. S. Lon- America, Canada and New Zealand don.

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What Maurice Found. Laura A. and into twelve countries of Eu- Barter-Snow. 189 pp. lB. Gd. rope. Pickering & Inglis. London. 504 Songs Responsive Readings Why Quit Our Own. Geo. N. Peek, Subscription Price, • • .' $2.50 Samuel Crowther. D. Van Nos- Ministerial Rate, • • • $2.00 Topical Index Gold Embossed trand Co., New York. Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Christmas in Other Lands. Compiled 50e. extra..·Canadian postage by Dorothy M. Horne. Illus. 63 $1.00 extra•••foreign postage edition only at $65.00 per lOQ….·an especially pp. lB. Gd. S. P. G. in F. P. Lon- low price. Single copy, SSe. postpaid. don. THE PRESBYTERIAN Write todal/ fOT .etumable sample cop, 11'11 Through the Eye to the Heart. 1217 Market: St:reet, Philadelphia, Pa. j Edited br Hy Pickerin~. 28. 1G4 CHRISTIAN PUBUCATIONS. pp. PIckering & Ingbs. London. INCORPORATED Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1920

XLIII· NUMBER

OCTOBER, 1920 AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN JENNY DE MAYER A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE H. E. PHILIPS TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD GEORGE E. WHITE SOME THINGS MISSIONARIES NEED WALTER C. ERDMAN AND OTHERS PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS MRS. E. C. CRONK PROGRAMS ON THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS MRS. W. H. FARMER $2~50 A. YEAR . 25 CEl'-(T$ A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COlllPINY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK {56 FIFTH AVE., tmw YORK

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YORK ~ Please m.endon THZ MJUIOXOY REVIEW O. 'lB. WOaLD ia writin& to adyertiaen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mD.mumu~~ .~~~MM~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

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A noted statistician says that the sect:rity of your bonds lies not in the value of the property involved, nor in the strength of the vaults that contain the magic documents, but in the honesty of the society-an honesty which has been developed and sustained through the ministry of the churches.

This ministry is founded on the Bible. The character that makes a bond of any value whatever is the product of Bible teaching and influence.

Now bonds may work in behalf of the Bible. Annuity Bonds of the Ameri- can Bible ~ociety promote the Society's great work of Bible pUblication and distribution throughout the world. And they give you an income as long as you live. '

~afety, convenience, permanence, high rate of income, freedom from anxiety, taxes, and care of property-these are some of the strong advantages of annuity bonds.

AS HIGH AS 8% Write lor "Bibles and Bonds" -Booklet N AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Bible House Astor Place New York City PI• …, m.ntloa THII M,SS,ONARY Rlwn;w of rail WORLD in writinlr to adv.rtisel'l THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON. EiifM.

CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER. 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE-MISSIONARY EQUIPMICNT EDITORIAL COMMEKT …………………………………………… . 855 A MISSIONARY CONFICRlCNCE IN SWI'rZICRI,AND POLITICS AND RELIGION IN KOREA A FICI.WWSHIP OF FAITH . Nllw Hopll FOR MIlXICO RELIGIOUS RIlVIVAI,S IN CHINA AMERICA IN SANTO DOMINGO AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JIlNNY DE MAYER 864 A slory of mission-ary adventure in an effort to reach with the Gospel the people of the forbidden land of Afghanistan.

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE …………………. REV. H. E. PHII.IPS 875 A sample of the questions and objections of a M aslem inquirer into the truth of Christianity, and the replies of a missionary. May be adapted for a missionary meeting at home. .

TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD ……………. PRESIDENT GEORGE E. WHI'rE, D. D. 885 What the Mohammedans of Turkey conceive to be the character and COn- duct of God as revealed in the Koran, and pictured in their traditions.

SOME THINGS MISSIONARIES NEED ………………………………. 891 Letters from missionaries telling of the equipment needed from America in order that they may accomplish their best work in mission IStations, thousands of miles from the base of supplies.

WALTER C. ERDMAN, KORICA PAUL W. HARRISON, ARABIA MRS. C. F. BERNHeISEL, KORICA MRS. JOHN VAN Ess, ARABIA MRS. A. K. REISCHAUER, JAPAN MRS. GUY W. HAMILTON, CEINA PAUL BURGIlSS, GUATEMALA MARY W. RIGGS, TURKEY EDITH C. DICKIIC, CHINA AI.DA B. ATCHISON, EGyPT RODERICK McLEOD, TmlC'1' JACOB A. RICIS, WIlST AFRICA MAUDIC NICWICI.I. WILLIAMS, SOUTH AMERICA BEST PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS …… MRS. E. C. CRONK 911 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITIlD BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER 919 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 923 NEW BOOKS 942 MISSIONARY PERSONALS 943 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent!'. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missienary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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!i ltobert ~. Speer, Pr..ident. Frank 1,. Brown, Vice-President. De1.yl.Il PieRon. Secretall' Walter McDou~, Trcuurcr 3J~U~li=;D 0 ee, Cooperatown, $2'!O y~ year ~ E;ditorial and BU~::.'Yor~cCi~56 Pilth Avenue, Ilar•a£n3,te1r8e7d9. .1 aecond-cl… matter at the POltoftice Cooperstown, New York, under the Ac;t of COP1rilrhted, 1920 As Barnum did it: a white elephant from trunk to tail The White Elephant of Siam ONE of the biggest fakes ever con- The real sacred white elephant;_ cocted-as laughable a story as ever from a sketch made on the spot has been told! P. T. Barnum perpetrated it, and an unsuspecting public, loving to A mo"g other good features, 0/ the October Isolle: be fooled, fell for it. You know the white elephant of the East-sacred keeper of the spirits of royalty- himself a dweller in regal palaces-with retinues of priests and servant~! There was Barnum's offer- $250,000 for the loan of the elephant for a year-priests, attendants, etc'! What happened, how a ruse was invented, its success, are told in the remembrances of Charles Mayer's circus days, in AS'IA The Story of Willard Straight The American MAGAZINE on the Orient The tale of a young American of vision and action in More Tho" 60 IlIlIstratio"s- the fascinating life of the East. laving the foundation Art I"sert of 8 pages I" Color for today's great International Consortium for loans to China which may solve the Far Eastern Problem. This "ts the first of a series of adventure stories of the business of catching wild Louis Graves. animals alive-the tale of the great python, for instance, for show purposes. ASIA en- The Way of the Farmer in Japan tertains-;-but does much more. It widens one's visions in a sweeping view of a conti- And how Japan's victorious army and navy. and the smoking chitnneysofOsaka,reston the bent back of the nent rich in new endeavor and beau tv and farmer and his wife. standing up to their knees in their in vital interest to the every-day American; paddy fields, raising no less than 4,000 diiferent kinds of rice. Robertson Scott.

On the Trail of the Lord Tiger l:iuntingthe big animal in IndoMChina. H.C.Flowe'T h.

Hero Hunting in Persia Meeting the Khans of Centr~llran. HaToldWeston.

– – 1~I:-p:L~I~ ~:;A~ -;JI:O-~ I 1 627 Lexington Avenue, New York City I Send the next five issues of ASIA, the American Maga· r I zine on the Orjent, beginning with October, 1920. ] enM close $1.00. – SPECIAL OFFER-FIVE MONTHS for $1 : Name I OPEN TO NEW READERS ONLY ( Address I Fill our the coupon and take a trip to Asia I Bwsiness 01' PTofession I ASIA PUBLISHING COMPANY 627 Lexington Avenue New York City Canadian $1.20, foreign $1.40 Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~VI~W OF t'KE WORLD in writing to advertisers CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE We urg-ently need a larger "livinl>~dowment" of men I. Carrying American Ideal. to China and women who from their "interest" in the College Manual TrainingilWork will contribute each year so the work may go on. We China, for two thousand years, has produced scholars with do not seek contributions marvelous memories and subtle thinking power. Canton thru the much overworked Christian College to thoro Chinese training adds history, process of the "drive". economies, sciences, hand-work and athletics. VlTe earnestly hope that Tmined leaders with Christian ideals will make a new China.. knowledge of what has already been accomplished, our purpose and needs will lead those who discern the immense value of this work for China and America to . give freely and gladly.

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Pleue mention THlC MIS.tO.AIlY RJCvntw o:r 'l"H. W02LD in 1I"'ritinl' to advertisers Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss Two Book. by H V1altora n Now Stlrrina America Firat President of the Syrian l'I'aI:.atant CoDele. Syria Sadhu Sundar Singh Miuionuy and Educator Edited and Supplemented by His Elded Son By Mr•• Arlhur r.,.lcer ~e~:ogeO~:i~~~ l~~.~ ~~t!b:;;:e;e'hia: ~o~s.:~:; Miuionary Society. Trivandram.lndia sixty years of association with t.he famous Belrut institution, etc. Illustrated, net $2.%5 The lite of ~he oonverted Sikh -<>ne of the most remarkable The Dawn of a New Era in Syria 'jj::"J~~t:" .fJ':~:t ':;~~~. "This By MargfJJ'st McGilvary n&ttve Christian from India A deeply interesting account of what happened in Byrla. during h … been so mercifully blessed the past five years. Not a maHoi' of hearsal evidence. but au- in Christian work. tt ~~t~ta~~:~:t18~:ic~r ~:t~~ar;n anrle~~WSc:1t!i:~~~ IIh..trated. net $1.25 cance of more than ordinary value. Illustrated, net $2.50 The Three-Hour Sermon A Moslem Seeker After God Cod-Sin-Salvation By Samuel M. Zwemer9 F. R. G. S. By Pard M. KanoJJlori A volume of intensely interesting data. concerning the life, in- The wonderful Bermon by the fiuence and teaching of the great Persian mystic AI GhazaJI, "Moody 01 J ..pan" undor one of th~ very greatest figures in the Mohammedan world. which nearly 50,000 Japanese A notable addition to literature on this subject. have been converted. Robert E. Speer Bays: "Many Illustrated, net $2.25 will be able now to see how an able Japanese, with such lin Chinese Heart Throbs By Jennie Y. Hushe. experience, could put the Christi&Ii message." With Introduction by Mary Stone. (SHIH lIEI yij) M. D. Cloth Blndlna-. $1.25 Miss Hughes displays a rare insight into and sympa.hy with the people of the Land of Binim. Her work is Instinct R~S with the true missionary spirit, rendered ..mlnently. readable by many touches 01 literary grace, 1l1.ustratedt 12010, net $1.50 BOOKS Fleming H. Revell Company, 158 Fifth Ave., New York, 17 N. Wabash Ave., Chicago Are You Awake To What Is Going On Ie n the Near East?

Do You Know the Facts? . ~; If Not, If So, You can secure first hand ittformation in Your help is wanted to make known to others the present needs of the Nt'ar East. 'You can THE MOSLEM WORLD render a real service by introducing through the writings of eminent men and women THE MOSLEM WORLD who thoroughly know the situation in the Near East. : The October number contains many Will you help to make known the facts. interesting articles. including By getting n~w subscribers, By taking up this subiect in your THE ARMENIAN QUF.'lTION, Johanne, Lepoiu•. THE OPEN DOOR IN PERSIA, Mnry.a. Fleming. mission study classes. THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN, G. A, Sowash. By learning more about it your.self?

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MISSIONARY

MEW'

VOL. OCTOBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII TEN.

A MISSIONARY CONFERENCE IN SWITZERLAND A NUMBER of American and British foreign missionary leaders met from June 22 to 29 inclusive, in Crans, Switzerland (near Geneva), to confer on the present missionary situation, and the ways of increasing cooperation among Protestant missionary for,ces. It was an aftermath of the Edinburgh Conference. This year was set for !1nother decennial gathering, and the meeting was to have been held in Germany. The war prevented the carrying out of the program, and only a small number of leaders gathered in Switzerland for an informal conference. Dr. Charles R. Watson, one of the delegates, reports that the conference gave careful consideration to the future of interna.tional missionary organization and agreed upon proposals to be submitted to the national missionary organizations, and through them to the missionary societies and boards in the dif- ferent countries for their consideration. The conference also gave long and careful consideI'ation to the present position of German missions. Having no authority as an international body to take ac- tion, the conference decided to submit to the national missiopary organizations in the different countries a report of the chief points brought out in its deliberations with a view to their taking such ac- tion as may seem to them right.

Thirty-seven missionary leaders came together from fourteen different countries and representing practically every national area maintaining Protestant missionary work. The members of the con- ference were not sent as delegates or representatives of societies or . churches. Each represented rather the totality of missionary interests within the country and nation from which he came. The British delegation included, among others, Dr. J. H. Ritson, secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, who is chairman of the standing committee of the conference of British missionary socie- ties; also Kenneth Maclennan, the executive secretary of the same 855

body. Rev. C. C. Bardsley, honorary secretary of the Church Missionary Society, Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, until recently secretary of the Friends Association, and J. H. Oldham, secretary of theF..dinburgh Continuation Oommittee. There were also present Bishop Westcott, Metropolitan of India and Ceylon, whose tireless labors for. the shepherding Df destitute German missionaries during the war must never be forgotten; Bishop King, recently of Madagascar and now secreta1'!Y of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; and Rev. W. Goudie, secretary of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, who gave two sons to be offered up on the altar of the great conflict. The pres.ence of M. Allegret and M. Couve, the French representatives, meant more to the conference than either of them ever can realize, because of their clear thinking, their practical wisdom and their manifestation without false sentiment of the spirit of Christian service. There were also Dr. Karl ]'ries of Sweden, Dr. Gunning of Holland, Mr. F. Wurz Df Switzerland, Dr. Anet of Belgium, Dr. Torm of Denmark, Dr. Tarkanen of Finland and Dr. Julius Richter, Dr. Haussleiter and Bishop Henning from Germany. The North American representatives included Dr. S. J. Corey of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, Dr. James Endicott of the Board of Foreign Mis,sions of the Methodist Church in Canada, Galen M. Fisher of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan, Dor. Alfred Gandier, principal of Knox College, Canada, Canon Gould of the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada, Dr. John R. Mott, Bishop Roots of China, Dr. W. E. Strong of the American Board, F. P. Turner of the Committee of Reference and Counsel, Dr. Arthur J. Brown of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. L. B. Wolf Df the United Lutheran Church and Dr. Charles R. Watson, for merlysecretary of the United Presbyterian Board. The chairman was Bishop L. H. R00ts of Hankow, China, and Rev. J. H. Oldham acted as secretary.

Dr. Watson reports as follows: "The meeting at Crans marked, first of all, the restoration of world missionary contacts. The war has driven American thinking out into a world horizon, and we are quite ready to admit the suggesfive and corrective values of national viewpoints other than our own. But restored international contacts carry more than enrichment of thought. There was a spiritual power and richness in the conference that must be ascribed in part to the international character of the meeting. When disciple'S of Christ, endeavoring to represent the noblest and most generous instincts of the Christian communities they represent, come together with the deliberate intention of finding their unity in a common Lord, their divine Master in turn graciously honors their efforts and pours out upon such a gathering His Spirit in a rich consciousness of His presence and power. ",l1. second striking feature of the prog.ram was the considera-

EDITORIAL COMMENT 85'

tion of the present and future of German Missions. This is a delicate subject but it was faced with frankness and ea~estne'Ss. The conference, having no power to act officially, prepared a report with recommendations which will be submitted to the missionary organizations of the different cQuntries interested with a view to their taking such action as may seem right.

"A third item of interest related to the formulating of a mi'Bsionary educational policy in the light of the steadily increasing tendency of governments to assume responsibility for education and in the light of further problems emerging out of the rising nationalistic spirit in many mission fields. The importance of the 'Subject to Anierican missionary agencies, with their great universities and colleges, is altogether obvious: When missions and governments touch each other as closely as they do in these educational activities, surely the time has come for the missionary leadership of America to seek to understand sympathetically the educational ideals of other countries, and to discover points of personal contact with the educational leaders of these governments.

" A fourth feature of the program was the discussion of a future international missionary organization, since the conference at Crans was in no sense itself a permanent or official organization. A new world situation, created by the six years of war needs to be provided for, so that the conference gave considerable time to the question of the future of international missionary organization. Their proposals are being submitted to the national missionary organizations and through them to the missionary societies and boards in the different countries. "

On the whole we believe that the experiences of the conference mark in a signal way the spirit of Christ triumphant over many problem'S and moving forward powerfully in the constructive processes which are to be used by the Holy Spirit to spread the Gospel of Christ and to establish the Kingdom of God.

A FELLOWSHIP OF FAITH* T HERE is a force in the world which brings us into touch with God and which makes all things possible. This force is faith. Weare apt to regard faith as an intangible thing, but it is scarcely less tangible than electricity. As we understand the laws that govern the ~lectric current, as we learn the .lines . upon which it will work, so do we see certain proofs of its power and we are able to harness it to fulfil our behests. Faith too has its laws, faith too is an active, working force and it is possible to apply it to the crying needs of our own day and generation and to have ocular demonstration of what it can do.

·Prepared for "A Fellowship of Faith for Moslems" by Miss Jennie B. Logan of .London.

The Bible magnifies the value of the individual in God's sight and shows that the faith of one man can accomplish miracles, but .it also shows that it is in a fellowship of faith that faith can be most productive, and it is to a fellowship of faith that many of the :most exalted promises are made. "If ye (plural) have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Re- move hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be j,mP<lssible unto you." (Matt. 17 :20). This is a promise to faith, united,- active and aggressive. It is in a living fellowship that mountain-removing faith is to be found.

Again the Master says: "Verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye (plural) shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Again I say unto you, that if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven." (Matt. 18:18, 19). Unless prayer is the voice of faith it is but a meaningless repetition of words or a form of moral, spiritual or intellectual gymnastics, but prayer that arises from a living fellowship of faith, even when that fellowship consista of only two members, is, our Lord teaches us, a power in heaven and on earth. God the Father graciously undertakes to do.

for such a fellowship anything that they shall ask. .

Th~ Bible teems with illustrations of the actual working value of faith and fellpwship combined. Was it not a fellowship of faith that overthrew Jericho T What was Gideon's little band of three hundred but a fellowship of faith? What was Jehosaphat 's army as it went out against Ammon,' Moab and Seir but a fellow- ship of faith, with the words "Believe in the Lord your God" ring- ing in their ears and the song of praise upon their lips T In the New Testament see that little group of intercessors pleading with God for the Apostle Peter. Prison, chains, four quaternions of soldiers, the wrath of Herod, certain death confronting him,- "but prayer" (Acts 12:5)! A fellowship, of faith, humble be- lievers whose faith was indeed but as a grain of mustard seed, pleading with God in the background and where now are the soldiers, the chains, the keepers, the prison doors! Heavenly forces have been put in motion, God has moved, and the miracle is an accomplished fact.

It has been the writer's glad privilege to witness spiritual movement in more than one place in answer to the united, per- sistent pleading with God of a company of His believing people.

Nothing seems impossible to such a fellowship. They know- that faith does but pave the way for the Almighty God to work, they rely uP<ln His promises, they plead them before His throne, and they are confident that the answer to their petitions, though it tarry, will surely come. They abound in hOlle by the power of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the Holy Spirit, and there is no situation too dark and difficult for tJiem to face because there is nothing too hard for their God.

Each member of a fellowship of faith may rest assured that every effort to enlighten the darkness of the world, every prayer offered, every sacrifice made is counting towards a glorious consummation. Hidden he may be, fe~ble he may seem, but his labor is not in vain in the Lord. Divers go down to lay mines beneath a dangerous rock, toil day after day in loneliness and discomfort and see no result for their labors. The great rock seems as stedfast as ever, as menacing to life and property, but the day comes when the last diver has done his work, the last connecting link is made and by the slightest touch an infant can blow the mighty structure to pieces. So let us not despise the day of small things when no results are visible. The tiny prayer-meeting, two or three gathering to pray, the young missionary struggling to express imperfectly in a foreign tongue something of our Heavenly Father's love to a group of indifferent or opposing people, all such efforts are in the plan, all are vital and important. As we pray, as we give, as we go, we may be conscious that this is our divinely appointed task and that we may claim and receive divine equipment for it, and that it is leading up to the final overthrow of this false religion, and that in it all "we are laborers together with God."

RELIGIOUS REVIVALB IN CHINA M ANY signs of renewed religious activity in China are reported by the Chinese Recorder of Shanghai. These are not by any means confined to Christianity but include Confucianism and Buddhism. Dr. Chen Huan Cheng 'Started a Confucian Society several years ago, and while this organization is not very active, Confucian ethics are being linked up to modern ideas, and societies are being formed all over the land to promote this teaching. Governor Yen of Shansi has been especially active in the promotion of Confucian Humanism.

Buddhism is also -showing new signs of life, or at least of renewed activity. Two new BuddhIst magazines have appeared, one of them having contributions from ex-president Li Yuan Hung, and from the Governor of Yunnan. Both magazines contain articles by students educated in America. Plans are also announced for a new Buddhist center, with an institutional temple on a large scale. The Governor of Yunnan has "Sent Bu,ddhist missionaries to Eastern Chekiang to promote Buddhism, and other priests are active in various parts of China. One monastery in Kansuh ordained one thousand Buddhist monks in one year, and in the Yangtse Valley many temples' are being rebuilt and repaired. Buddhist literature is also being produced and distributed.

The Christian forces in China are awake to the situation, and are respOnding in some degree to the new religious interest: The China Continuation Conunittee has appointed a special Committee' on work among Buddhists, and plans have been drawn for a Christian Institute to be devoted to work among Buddhist monks and lay workers. Rev. K. L. Reichelt, the author of these plans, has been led to devote his whole ti~e to work among Buddhists. An ex-monk who has become a Christian is preparing to engage in this work if the funds can be secured to found the Institute. This is only one of the many signs that the missionaries and Chinese leaders are awake to the situation, and are endeavoring to marshal their material – and spiritual forces to extend the Gospel of Christ.

POLITICS .AND RELIGION IN KORE.A T HE Rev. Frank Herron Smith, for many years a Methodist mis- sionary stationed at Seoul, Korea, writes that in the nine m<?nths sinC€ Baron Saito made his entry into Seoul, a sufficient period has elapsed to make reasonably clear the general trend of his policy and administration. Two needed reforms in the government of Korea were made before Baron Saito left Tokyo. Until last sununer it was required that the Governor-General of Korea be a general or an admiral, and as such the ruler of Korea was under the Minister of War or the Navy, and not directly responsible to the Prime Minister or to the people of Japan. This plan was discarded last .August and Korea was given a civil administration under the con~ trol of the Premier.

The second reform ordered in Tokyo was the abolishment of the gendarme or military police 'System. It was in some respects like martial law, where the civil rulers had nothing to do with the policing ;)f the country. The control of the press and of sanitary and medical matters was also lodged in this department and in many cases the policy pursued was repressive, not to say oppressive. Bef.ort) Barop Saito left Tokyo it was decided to abolish this system and to establish a Department of Police .Affairs under a separate head. This was a great reform and the spirit .of the police force is being gradually transformed.

The next reform that attracted attention was the .order for the abolition of flogging, which was issued last October and took effect April 1st. Certain reactionaries left in minor posItions in Korea said that flogging could not be abolished, as it would ruin discipline and there would not be room enough in the jails to accommodate all the offenders, many of whom were too poor to pay fines. There has been difficulty in preventing cruel treatment of prisoners by the poliC€ and gendarmes. They have been accustomed to using torture in the examination of prisoners regardless of their guilt or innocence.

1920]· EDITORIAL COMMENT

Under date of March 20, this year, Mr. Akaike, the new police head, issued instructions condemning the use of torture.

Baron Saito ha:s been doing away with discrimination between the Japanese and Koreans. He has placed the Korean and Japanese teachers and officials on an equal salary basis. He has begun prAparations for a university for Seoul. There are already four higher institutions, a law college, a medical college, a technical college and an agricultural college. He has speeded up the proposed educational program considerably and is establishing new common schools at the rate of one hundred a year. Baron Saito has provided a kind of recognition that will allow missionaries to conduct schools that are not fully up to the government standard in aTI respects and with considerable freedom in fixing the course'S of study and also with the privilege of introducing compulsory Bible study and chapel exercise'S. They will also have much freedom in the use of the Korean language in teaching. Under the old regime it was required in the common schools that Japanese be taught ten hours a week.

Church and mission property, of which there is a ·large amount in Korea, has hitherto been held largely in the name of some indi~ vidual, but now a corporation may be formed to hold the property of any mission, and, what is of more importance, for the corporation law is not a new one, the property may be transferred to this corporation at a nominal fee.

The gendarmes were the censors in the old regime and were too strict, not only with regard to particular articles, but they would allow only a very limited number of papers to be established. Under the new regime three new Korean dailies have already been started at Seoul and at least one paper may be founded in each province. Many new magazine'S are also being founded.

It is Baron Saito'S purpose to introduce autonomy as rapidly as possible and local and national assemblies are now in process of f.ormation. Even during the uprising last year first of the thirteen Governors were Korean'S. Forty-four judges and procurators and 204 county magistrates, not to mention many other officials, are Koreans. The Koreans, as a whole, are not satisfied. They say frankly that they want not reforms, but independence.

With the modified policy of the Japanese Government there is a brighter outlook for peace and progress. While the Koreans are not in the least reconciled to Japanese domination, they recognize the . futility of any attempt to gain their independence by force. The Japanese Government-General is also endeavoring to conciliate the Koreans, and to win the cooperation of the Chri'Stian missionaries. With the rem.oval of the prohibition against teaching religion in private educational institutions, most of the mission schools that have' been closed are to be reopened this autumn. Reports from Korea indicate a great turning of the people toward Christianity. Schools,

hospital's and churches are crowded, and missionaries write that the opportunity for spreading the Gospel is greater than ever before.

Rev. J. A. S. Toms, of the Southern Presbyterian Mission reports that in South Korea there are evidences of a Christward movement similar to that which took place in the North some twelve years ago. Among the more intelligent people, especially the young men, there ha'S been a decided movement toward the Church. In Fusan and Tongnai even the unbelieving shop keepers have agreed to observe Sunday as a day of rest. Last April the Pyeng Yang college students' evangelistic band went to Fusan and Chengju and held crowded meetings at which many decided to become Christians. Meetings were held in' some churches from five to six A. M. every morning, and churches 'Seating 4()0 were crowded to the doors. All day meetings were also held and were well attended by adults who spent the evenings in personal work for unbelievers. On one evening 1250 were admitted to one of the, meetings by ticket. Churches have united to organize large evangelistic campaigns this autumn, covering the whole district. Helpers' meetings are held to train workers and there is an unu'Sual zeal on the part of Christians for preaching the Gospel to unbelievers. Groups of new converts are already being gathered in various villages as a result of the work of these lay workers, and are asking for admission to the Church.

An increasing interest in education is also reported from Korea. Rich and poor, coolie'S and officials, are sending their sons and daughters to mission schools. Some of these schools are so crowded, says Dr. D. J. Cumming of the Southern Presbyterian Church, that an enlargement of dormitory and teaching space is necessary. Many 'Smaller pupils are obliged to sit on the floor because there are not sufficient benches, and some can only attend school in relays.

In this forward movement there lies both opportunity and danger. Superficial work will mean weakness for Church and State, and education that is not thoroughly Christian will only strengthen the forces that are opposed to Christ and the best interests of the Koreans. On the other hand, a thorough training of future Christian leaders among the men and women of all classes in Korea will mean the protection and improvement of morals, of intellect, of industry and of social life in the homes, in politics, in business and in the spiritual life of the people.

NEW HOPE FOR MEXICO P EACE seems finally to be dawning in Mexico. The murder of Carranza, although without justification or excuse, has removed one of the factors that made the reconciliation of rivals impossible; the surrender of Villa has disposed of another disturbing element, and the selection of Adolpho de la Huerta as a non-military President gives some hope for an end of the martial law that has pre-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

vailed in Mexico-wherever any law has been recognized-during the past decade. The religious attitude of the new government is not yet made clear, or the effect on Roman Catholic and Protestant activi- ties but the latest change in governmental cont'l"ol seems to meet with popular approvaL While Mexico is not yet quieted down, and it will be many months before normal conditions are re'Stored, the Mexicans are weary of war and long for peace and for freedom from military dictation. The masses are not yet educated, or fitted for enlightened self-government, so that their great need is for moral and intellectual training to fit them for free, yet not unbridled, self-expression. The new President, General Obregon, was elected in September and he will take office December 1st. In the meantime, the Mexican Congress of the present Government is 'Seeking to remedy abuses, to stabilize the monetary system and to restore normal conditions generally in domestic and foreign relations.

Missionaries in Mexico report unusually large congregations at Protestant services, many inquirers into evangelical truth and ex- pectations of a large enrolment in mis'SiQn schools. The outlook is brighter than at any time in the past fifteen years, and an unusual opportunity is offered for the carrying out of the cooperativtl mis- sionary program for the benefit of the Mexicans. < AMERICA IN SANTO DOMINGO SOME time ago when the newspapers carried large heaqlines stating that Spain had requested the United States to get out of Santo Domingo, it was the first intimation to the aVfrage reader that the United States was "in." As a matter of faQt she is in, and has a large sized program ahead in establishing an orderly government on this second largest island of the West Indies. < Hygiene, sanitation and morality are at a low ebb in Santo Domingo. There is no color line, for Spanish, Indians and blacks intermarry. The high cost of marriage, the priests being notorious profiteers, is the reason for the large percentage of children born out of wedlock. Gambling is everywhere prevalent. Two of the four or five hospitals on the island are chiefly supported by lotteries operated for their benefit. < The African Methodist Episcopal Church has the oldest Prot- estant mission in Santo Domingo, established in 1830. Moravians, Wesleyan Methodists, Free Methodists, the Episcopal Church, and possibly others, are now at work. A united program for the next five years will be worked out by evangelical denominations. In- stitutional churches will be established in the capital and other centers. • Missio1Q1] Stations …… MiJsostlrdneelMfSa1oJfet' – Rail,.oads .— Boundaries Dr~…. for "Th_ Mi…o,,1W3' Rev;.w of th. W""ld" from a .ketch by Mis. de Mayer THE FORBIDDEN LAND OF AFGHANISTAN Showing the Journeys of Miss Jenny de Mayer and the principal Protestant Mis sion Stations near the borders_

the Gate of Afghanistan·

An Attempt to Take the Gospel Into the Closed Fortress BY JENNY DE MAYER, SAMARKAND, CENTRAL ASIA Miss de Mayer, who is a Russian by birth, has had a very remarkable and interesting career. She is highly educated, speaks several languages, and has been actively engaged in missionary work in her own country and in other parts of Asia. She worked for some time as a missionary evangelist in the Ukrane and other parts of Russia, and among the Sarts in the Caucasus. A few years ago she went to Jidda, the seaport of Mecca, and there endevored to establish a dispensary and Bible shop, but it was closed by the authorities. She has traveled extensively in Central Asia, always witnessing as a Christian missionary and distributing tracts in the language of the people. A few years ago she visited Meshed on the Persian border of Afghanistan and looked across into tl:].e closed mountain land where no Christian missionary is allowed to enter. She tells in this article of her efforts in behalf of the Afghans and of her desire to go into that country, even though it may cost her her life. Miss de Mayer is a self-supporting missionary and has devoted much of her time and money to the translation and distribution of the Gospel and other Christian literature in various languages. We hope that friends who read this article will join in earnest prayer for Miss de Mayer and the work she is doing.-THI~ EDITOR.

MAiNYmissionaries to Mohammedans 'Seemed to hear the crack in the "Walls of Jericho" in the brief newspaper report that the Ameer of Afghanistan had taken Merw, the chief town and ancient Capital of Tllrcomania, now a part of Turkistan. If the Turooman:s should become incorporated into Afghanistan, if Koushka and Karky-formterly Afghan towns, but for the last decades Russian border fortresses should also return to their former principality, this must mean that the isolation of Afghanistan is nearing its end. This would be the "crack" in the northern walls of the Afghan Jericho.

The Turcomans have always been knoWn for their independent spirit, being rather indifferent Mohammedans, very prone to appropriate European ways and Russian education. Can we then expect them to agree to isolation from Chri"stian–.or Western civilization, such as is encumbent on the subjects of the AmeerT Will the Afghans around Koushka and especially Karky,. who have for years freely mixed with infidel merchantmen, soldiers and officials, submit to the exclusion of any relation with the "Kafir," which was their status before Russia took by peaceable force these Afghan

border townsfI do not think so. I would call the Ameer's invasion of Turcomania a "victory of Pyrrhus"-one which, though outwardly a success, means a sapping of the victor's vital forces.

Some of us have for years been going .around .Afghani-stan as the Israelites march around Jericho-silently, seemingly foolishly, accomplishing nothing apparently, but sticking to the God-given commission to encompass and ultimately enter the walled stronghold. We believe that we may soon see the whole state of things over there change, and-if the Lord tarrie'S-the young generation may find an open door into the land itself. ~he hopes, failures, sufferings and sacrifices of the older generations for Afghanistan may bear fruit. As soon as the Lord's commission for work amongst the Mo- hammedans of Russian Central Asia or Turkestan had come to me and had been fully accepted, the call of Afghanistan sOlUlded my heart. I do not know from whence the voice came-I did not know more about the land and people than did any other educated Russian:"""I had never read a book about it· and therefore from the first '1 took that call to be God-given. I began to work as an itinerant Bible-woman in Turkestan and all my strength, means and time were given to that new and needy field. But there was a distinct undercurrent in my soul which drew me towards Afghanistan. I decided to enter, not knowing at all what it involved.

In Russian territory it is necessary to have the Government's approval of all we undertake so that I always had my "papers" in g.ood order and acted as a loyal subject. But when the call of God overstepped the boundaries of political, or police regulations, I quietly overstepped them also. I sought an audience of the Government-General of Turkestan, General Samsonoff, and asked him whether the Russian Government had any objection to my entering Afghanistan with the Holy Scriptures. The General looked at me "Some time silently .and then said in a sneering tone: " Not the least! but you will find yourself dangling from the first tree over there!"

"Why ISO?" I asked, very much astonished. "Do you not know that no Christian, especially no Russian, is allowed to enter .A.fghani-stan 7" . "No, I did not know that." "Maybe you speak Persian so weU that you can disguise yourself under the purdah and pa'Ss yourself off for a Mohammedan WQllIl.all 7' , "Oh no!" said I, "even if I did speak well enough to pass for a native Mohammedan, I would not do so. That is not the right way for a Christian missionary to enter a Mohammedan country, No lie for mel"

AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN

"Well," he said, "it means death for you-good-bye." I was much puzzled but not in the least discouraged. I left the general and somehow felt that I had better not speak to anyone . else about my plan, but that I would set to its. accomplishment in the most quiet way. I had been, from my first appearance in Turkestan, an object of wonder and suspicion to the Russian officials and police. They could not understand why a lady who might lead an. easy life should take upon her the life of a "pedler for Christ's sake" amongst the despised Mohammedans, with all that such a life involved.' There was the continual fear in the official mind that some treachery was intended, since we were so near to India and the sphere of British influence. . ,About the same time I received a letter from a prominent missionary to Mohammedans, who had invited me to come to the Lucknow Conference in 1911. I had written to him that I would try to ,come through Afghanistan and in his reply he said: "If indeed you should come to Lucknow through Afghanistan-you would be the heroine of the Conference." This puzzled me more than the General's words and I decided not to mention Afghanistan any more to anyone. The thought of being made a "heroine" seemed worse' to me than dangling from a tree. With a consciousness of the Lord's approval in my heart, I set quietly to work to prepare for the task. I had to learn the Persian langua~ge, with which I could manage fairly well in Afghanistan. After the summer's itinerating was over, the late fall rains made traveling through the country nearly impracticable, and I resorted to Bokhara where I lived for some months in the Ajmeer'~ dispensary for women. Bokhara's reigning family was of Persian origin and although a bloody revolt against the prevailing influence of Persian officials had recently swept through the Khanat the Persian language is the accepted one and its derivatum-the "tadjick"-is used by the population. With great difficulty I found a teacher who really knew how to teach Persian, whil'St I acquired some knowledge of "tadjiek" by attending the dispensary. But the mollahs of Bokhara found out that I was a . missionary, although I was not able to do any work or even talk much a,t that tim,e, and insisted that I leave the town. They threatened to forbid the Mohammedan women to come to the dispensary if I stayed there. ~ went away and lived alternately at Samarkand and Tashkent, taking private lessons from a Persian Mirza who some years later became my collaborator in the tran'Slation of parts of the Scriptures and of religious tracts into the Sart language. At Tashkent I entered the officer's college of Oriental languages and made good progress. While there, by God's good providence, one of the teachers, an officer of Armenian descent, who some years before had traveled incognito throuJgh Northwestern India

and knew English fairly well, had been asked by the 'Chief of the General Staff to translate a Book on Mghanistan from English into Rus.sian. He asked me to go over his translation "With him and I was thus enabled to read the book and to gather much knowledge of the geography and history of Mghanistan. The minute map of the Russian General Staff also helped me to prepare to make myself at home in ,.A;fghanistan. I came to know the roads to Kabul as well as if I had trodden them already. I knew tha.t I would have to go for miles through barren :sand, slowly ascending toward the high mountain passes,by the wonderful mysterious human figures and faces cut into the rocks by unknown hands (some think by the army of Alexander the Great on his way to India). I would be burned by day by the fierce sun, chilled by the frost at night, in peril of robbers; traveling on and on till Bamian was reached and with it the more fertile river-fed plains. Then the road swerves to the East and brings one to Kabul, that forbidden town, a hot-bed of diseases, but surrounded by luxuriant vegetation. Then through the southeastern gate the road leads down to Djallalabad and through the mountains to the ridge of the tableland, and down the Khaibar-Pass into India! I knew at that time every large station from the Amou-Darya down to the Indian frontier, for I knew that I would not be allowed to carry a map with me-except I had it imprinted on my memory.

When summer came and the regular itinerant work through the villages of Turkestan began, the Lord sent me on a special errand to Patta-Hissar. I did not understand the meaning then, but it came out clear and gladdening after awhile, when I :Q.ad gone by faith down the dark path.

Patta-Hissar, or as the Russians call it-Termaze, is the southernm'Ost town of the Khanat of Bokhara, situated on the right bank of the river .Amou-Darya, which alone separates it from Mghanistan. The same barren sandy desert with low hills 'Stretches on both sides of the river. My heart was strangely moved· when, after six days of lonely travel through the Khanat, I reached the river and looked across to the land of my deep desire and purpose. With God's help I would open through it a trail for the messengers of Christ. By faith I took possession of that dreary looking land-'barren and clesed, but included in 'our Lord's commission to his disciples and in his plan of Salvation for the world.

I went around the bazaar in that part of the fortress Patta- Hissar which was outside the big gates and where the "crethi and plethi, " alike in every oriental town, led their drowsy life; my Scripture parts for Mohammedans, Jews, Grousinians, Armenians, and Russians, were eagerly accepted. I visited also the caravanserai for Afghans and distributed Scripture parts in Pashtou, their 'native language.

I had met with the Afghans before in nearly every town of the West and in Middle Turkestan: I had tried to come in contact with them in order to find out how to approach them best. They were very different from the Mohart:m1edans of Turkestan: not clean shaven, but with long unkempt hair, protruding from under an unorderly wound turban, mostly unwashed; with white baggy trousers and tight jacket.s adorned with bra-ss buttons. They do not have their wives with them-I have never seen an Afghan woman. Their features are sharp cut with big, mostly hooked, noses, in sharp contrast to the large fiat Mongolian face of the Sart and also with the more delicate features and remarkably fine noses of those who claim Persiau or even Arabic blood. The .A)fghan nearly always will meet you with the -suspicious and con- temptuous glance of one who is looking at a possible foe and at an unmistakable "Kafir." I was thus acquainted with the defiant glance with which the Afghans at the caravan-serai at Patta- Bissar met me, but I knew also that I had turned some of them into friendliness.

On the steamer which took me from Patta-Hissar down the Amou-Darya to the old town of T-shardjouy, I met a miserable group of pilgrims from Mecca. They had returned by way of India and Afghanistan and complained bitterly of the cruelty and greed of their co-religionnaires, whom they cursed as if they were infidels. From this "accidental" meeting bprang forth the work amongst pilgrims and my journey to Jidda (Djeddah) on a pilgrim ship.

This jQurney to the seaport of Mecca was a most interesting experien~. We carried between the ports of the Black Sea and Jidda 5;000 Hohammedans from Kashgar, T'urke-stan, Afghanistan, Persia and t1tc Caucasus. ,Each party was assigned its place in the bowels of the big ship-and the .Afghans, who seem to be looked upon by our Turkestan people as the pariahs amongst the Mohammedans of that part of the world, had their place in the lowest and worst part of the' steamer. I was on board as "Sister of Mercy" for the pilgrims. There were also some Russian men appointed to care for the sick pilgrim;s and when these refused point blank to have anythitig to do with the Afghans, I gladly took them over, one and all, as my special charge. I wa-s at first greeted by the scowl showing' snspicion and aversion to the Ohristian woman but they came quickly to understand that I was their friend and allowed me to care for their sick ones. .

I remember especially two of them, an old Mullah, whom I had treated for his rheumatisniand who came to like me as if I was his daughter, and a young man whose "SOre foot had been cared for by the surgeon. When we reached Jidda, and the party of about 40 men em~

harked on the picturesque Arab sailing boat that was to carry them to the desired port, they gave me such a hearty fa.rewell, with so many "Salaam!" "barakallah" and ".Allah rasy boulsoun!" that my heart was ctheered through and through at this" earnest of good things to come!"

Eiarly 'Spring found me again in Turkestan at Bible work. Being independent of any Mission Board, I could go wherever "the Spirit blew me to." So I went up to Koushka to reach the inhabitants of that fortress, but ~specially the ,Afghans, who might live there. Koushka was the farthest Russian outpost in the direction of Herat and is practically on Afghan soil. Mter a night's journey from Merw up the river Pe~d, at dawn we had clj,mbed a defile whose upper end was shu,t up by mountains and in front of them was the fortress. A gem], 'armes entered the car and asked for my passport, just as at any frontier to a foreign country. When we approached the fortress, which was closed in by high whitewashed walls, a big brass gate swung open and closed again behind us.

It was an ill-famed place-feared by the Russian officers and officials for its deadly malaria and bad boils; a dreary, ba.rren mountain pass. I obtained a permit for itinerating through the fortress with the Scriptures, after that the Mohammedan interpreter of the Chief of Police had testified to my books being indeed "shareef"- sacred ones. I was told that no Mghan was allowed to live inside the fortress walls and I obtained an extra permit to visit a small settlement outside the fortress where two kinds .of "pariahs" were located-the Afghans and the public women of the place-each group living by itself in several miserable looking sheds! .All of them gave me a kind greeting and a hearing, and I left with them-in Russian for the women and in Pushtu for the men-" The Words of Life and Hope."

While traveling thousands of miles up and down the vast country of Central Asiar-from the Caspian Sea to near the Western· border of Chinese Turkestan and spreading thousands of Scriptures and tracts in twenty-two languages; coming in touCh with thousands of souls, I was always on the lookout for .,Afghans and tried to talk with them as often as they would allow me. Thus I obtained much information concerning their country, its habits and customs, and about their .Aimeer of whom they seemed proud.

Once a fine looking Afghan introduced himself to me as, "a. Prince from the tribe of Benjamin' '-a remark not void of interest especially in these days, when some believe in the identity of the Mghans with the so-called "ten lost tribes of IsraeL" How natural it seems to look for them-or part of them-in Mghanistan,' whereto they may have wandered from north Persia and Kurdistan, their primary 'place of exile! The semitic type of their fea-

AT TIlE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN

tures, their longhair, the custom of stoning for adultery, the 'Sprinkling of lamb's blood-all seem to corroborate that statement, and most certainly that" Prince" did not know that he was bordering on a'much disputed theme!

My experience in 1912 among pilgrim'S on board the steamer and at Jidda proved useful to me. The report of kindness shown there found its way to the far-away villages of Turkestan, as by more than one party I was recognized and hailed as "the Christian woman who ministered to our women and men during the Pilgrimage. " Again several times I wa:s asked to protect and help such and such a one if I shl'lUld meet' him during next year's "Hadjj" at Jidda. I concluded that the Afghans with whom I came into friendly touch, as for instance the Afghan pa.rty on the pilgrim ship, might also prepare a kindly feeling for the Christian woman should she venture to enter· their forbidden country. "Bread thrown on the water" will, be found SO'lll.e time at some place in an hour of need.

An Afghan whom I met at Karky on the Afghan frontier might well be a good herald of the Christian worker. I saw him sitting on the street, miserable and sick looking, his throat wrapped in dirty rags. To my friendly greeting he replied only by the usual scowl and suspicious glance. As I passed by him day after day, he came to look on me in a softer way and allowed me to Know what was the matter with his throat. Behold! a week later the astonished neighbors-all of them Mohammedans also-saw the once 'Spiteful Afghan climb into a cab with the Christian woman and be driven to the Russian Hospital. As I left him in the doc~ tor's hands a.nd wished him good-bye-the farewell look he gave me was greaHy' difiierent from the one with which he greeted me at our first meeting! As the Afghans that I had met in Bokhara and in Central Turkestan naturally came from the northern part of Afghanistan, through which I hoped to make my entrance into that country, I reckoned that they might serve me in their turn by witnessing to their fellow villagers to the kindnes'S of the "kafir" woman.

During these years there came also a preparation of a more intimate nature. I had to be made willing in my deepest soul to undergo the sufferings, abuses aud privations, which the entering of Afghanistan would bring to me. I had by this time heard and read of the filthy dungeons, the cruel tortures practiced on prisoners and as the crowning end-lithe dangling from a tree." I set myself with much prayer to face these horrors and to accept them if called upon to do so. It was easier for the soul and will, than for the quaking flesh, but with God's help I came to a. point where I had overcome the fear of what might befall me in Afghani~tan. . , At last, in the spring of 1914, the time to go forth seemed to

have CQIne. In 1913 I had been a second time in Jidda, and my faith had been mightily strengthened by the open door the Lord had given at that place, which had seemed closed. I decided unller God to go to. Jidda to work at the time of the pilgrimage by way of Afghanistan. I did not take my friends or family into my plans for it seemed wisest to act quietly. In order to know exactly what might happen at Patta-Hissar, the last point this side of Afghanistan where I would have to cross the river Amon-Darya for the Afghanshore, I took another trip, with Scriptures, through the, Khanat of Bokhara and interviewed the official at Patta-Hissar who had to "vise" the passport of the pilgrims crossing over to Afghanistan. I did not tell him of my intention, but while talking to him I obtained the needed information. When I asked him in a casual way whether he would refuse his "vise" to a Christian who wanted to go to Afghanistan, he laughed and said he would "vise" a Christian's passport just as well as that of a Mohammedan, but of course the whole responsibility of what might happen over there would lie on the Christian who was fool enough to risk his life by such a step. This was enough for me. I knew now that the one difficu'ty which I had f.oreseen on this side of the Afghan shore-a refusal of the Russian authorities to allow me to cross-did not exist.

I returned to Turkestan and prepared to join a party of pilgrims on their way through Bokhara to the crossing of the Amon- Darya at Patta-Hissar. I chose a party of Kashgarys, as their women go about unveiled, and I liad decided not to veil my face, although I would wear the dress of Mohamunedan woOmen. I hoped to be less noticed at least on landing on the Afghan shore, if I mixed with the women from Kashgar. From the beginning I would frankly tell the party I joined that I was a Christian "tabib" going with them to Jidda in order to help their fellow pilgrims. In Afghanistan also I would start medical treatment of whosoever might need such assistance. I hoped with the Lord's help eventnally to reach Kabul. In order to establish my identity before the officials at the villages through which I would pass, and before the Ameer himself-who was kept informed of everything, and < especially would know at once ().f the appearance on Afghan soil of a Christian woman. I had a paper written in Persian composed by my esteemed friend old Mullah Fazil Begh of Osh, the town from which starts the narrow caravan road up to Kashgar and the Pamirs. My friend shook his head at my request but being a spiritually-minded man, and understanding people with a "vision" h~ finally consented to compose an elaborate letter addressing the Ameer in the proper way and stating my purpose; to cross Afghanistan with a party of pilgriUlS and to go on with them to Jidda. I was described in true oriental style as "noble and learned" yet

AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN 873-

"poor and humble." But the quintessence of the letter was in the short frank statement-" Noussrany-am"-" I am a Christian." No fraud, no compromise; and my heart was thrilled by the hope that I might be favored to stand before the Ameer with a testimony to my blessed Lord.

This precious introductory letter secured, I looked up my friend the Persian Mirzah at Sarrnarkand and asked him to' find, in the Persian colony nearby, a young boy to accompany me and to take care of my horse. None could be found willing to venture on that hazardous undertaking-and it was well after all. At Bokhara I made my last preparations. A Sart woman's gray overgarment was provided, two camel bags, one filled with medicines and some canned goods, the other for my few personal belongings appropriate to intense heat in the day and frost at night. Some money had been sent by me to the Church Mission Society Hospital at Peshawar; so tha,t I might be able to go on when the Lord should have brought me safely through the "Lion's Den."

I had knowledge of a party of Kashga,r Pilgrims on their way to Patta-Hissar and I ordered a two-wheeled native cart to take me to a town in Mid-Bokhara where I intended joining this party. I hoped to ingratiate myself with them before we should reach Patta-Hissar and the critical moment of crossing the river together should come. Once on the ferry-boat, which was to bring me to the shore of Afghanistan, I had no thought nor plans for what would follow. The Lord had given me the peaceful heart which was stayed on Him and I trusted Him to bring about His will in this journey. Except my two Mullah-friends, and two Russian ladies at the Ameer of Bokhara's Hospital, no one knew of my undertaking. I thought it best to enter, cross and emerge at Peshawar, or to rest quietly in the prayed-for land till the Day of Resurrection.

But the Lord (<€cided. otherwise! A disease which I had acquired during my travels in most trying and unhygienic conditions, which I had first ignored, and then fought during the preparation for my journey, suddenly developed to 'Such a degree that after I had done all that human skill could do, the Lord met me one night and gently took the whole campaign out of my reach-for a time only, the Lord willing! The fact that I could give over to Him, with tears but with peace in my heart, this passionately beloved and long prayed-for purpose, proved to me that it was the Master's hand who put it aside.

Was that all that came out of a purpose of years7 Did all come to nothingT Was this a waste of spiritual and bodily 'Strength? Abraham the friend of God, also girded his loins bodily and spiritually to obey his God by sacrificing Isaac, the Son of Promise. But when he ha~ proved to Him who searcheth hearts

the willingness to go to the very limit of sacrifice, GDd unexpectedly stepped in and gently gave the son back to his father. What had come out ·of this underta,king~ Let everybody who is seeking to walk in the footsteps of Abraham te'Stify to the blessing that his faith and obedience have meant to his spiritual life!

For the first time I have told about these happenings j they are part of my inner walk with God. But I tell them now, hoping that some soul, to whom God may have given a vision and a call to a like task, may be strengthened to hold on and to push forward.

To the missionaries around .Afghanistan, for whom I have been praying for years., as for my much 'Superior fellow workers to whom I am unknown, I send my greetings in the hope that the Lord will yet bring me back to the point where He stopped me and that, together with Peshawar and Meshed, Patta-Hissar may be flung open to the messengers of the Lord Jesus Christ.

PRAYER AND POWER HLDawv'1 "H <UIL'1VM. dOHSIIl All Has the Church its pristine power in prayer? If not, why not? -On the foreign field the missionary Church seems to have the power, bilt at home they seem to have lost the art and power of prayer. What weakens prayer life and saps power? 1. Haste, that leads to neglect of prayer life. 2. Preoccupation. iVe are often too busy with the work of God to seek the power of God. 3. Adherence to the letter of the law and loss oi the dynamic of love. 4. Decay of faith. There must be a daring faith if we would command the resources of God. We should earnestly pray: l. That God may be made more real to us. 2. That our sensibilities may not be blunted by sin and tragedy on the one hand, or by abounding grace on the other. 3. That the Church may be aroused to measure up to the extraordinary demands upon her. "Pray ye the Lord of the harvest." 4. That faith may be given us to explore the regions of grace and to discover the fulness of Christ.

A PRAYER OF THE APOSTLE PAUL "I bow my knees unto the Father. . ',' that He would grant unto you, according to the riches of His glory, that ye may be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inward man; that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; to the end that ye, being rooted and grounded in love, may be strong to apprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length ,and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ which passeth knowledge, that ye may be filled with all the fulness of God." . Letter to the Ephesians. 3; 14 to 19.

A GROUP OF MISSIONARY WORKE;RS WHO TOOK PARTIN 'I'HE MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN

DEBATE AND PAGEAN'l' IN COLUMBUS A Moslem-Christian Debate The Discussion of Religious Proble,ntS by a Christian Missionary and a Moslem Sheikh BY REV. H. E. PHILLIPS, 'fANTA, EGYPT Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church At the Methodist Centenary Exposition in Columbus last year one of the most interesting features was the daily debate between a Mohammedan and a Christian missionary. Audiences gathered an hour or more before the tilpe for the debate in order not to miss this interesting and stimulating dialogue. The questions asked by the Mohammedan and the objectioll3 made to the Christian -teachi ng were very true to life and the answers by the missionary were skilful, if not always wholly convincing to his opponent. So much interest was aroused that we have asked the leader of these debates, who usually represented the Mohammedan, Rev. H. E. Phillips of the American Mission in Tanta, Egypt, to write out the substance of a typical debate between a Mohammedan and a missionary. It is, of course, impossible to make this as full as it could be made in the successive mornings at Columbus, and there is lacking the interpretation given by the inflection of the voice and the expression of the face. It is. however, well worth reading. Some churches may find it useful in preparing a similar debate for a missionary meeting, asking two individuals to take the parts of the Mohammedan and the Christian respectively. For -this purpose we have had a page of suggestions added as to the problems raised by the Mohammedan. Answers to these problems can be found in such books as those by Dr. Zwemer and others on missions among these followers of the Prophet of Arabia.-THE EDITOR.

875

T HE missionary is busily engaged in his study when a Muslim sheikh who has been to visit him onC6 before enters. Repeated salutations follow: "May your day be happy."

"May your day be happy and blessed."

"How is your health?"- "May God keep you."

When other greetings have been exchanged the sheikh seats himself, and after a cup of Turkish coffee the conversation turns to things religious. '

Missionary.-When you visited me last week you promised me that you would read the gospel which I gave you some time ago.

Have you been reading the book? How did you enjoy it'

Muslim.-Yes I have been reading the book, but excuse me for saying it to you' directly, I have found it most unconvincing.

Missionary-Indeed: Did you not find it true to life and full of human interest? Did it not seem like a true record of what must have taken place when Jesus was on earth'

Muslim.–O yes, interesting enough. I found many things that interested me. I was particularly interested in the contradictions which I found.

Missionary.-Contradictions! Why, I assure you, my dear friend, there are no contradictions in the gospel. There are some things difficult to understand without much study, it is true. But tell me all about it.

Muslim.-Excuse me for saying it to you, but I find many con- tradictions. Not only does your gospel contradict the honorable Koran which came directly from heaven to be a guide for men, sent down upon the Prophet Mohammed (The prayers of God and his peace be upon him), but it contradicts itself. Moreover it COD- tradicts many of the statements you have made about the prophet Jesus and the Christian religion.

Missionary.-In order to understand your viewpoint, I must ask you to be explicit. Just where did you find what seemed to you to be contradictions T "

Muslim.-When you gave me the book some time ago you asked me to read it. I did not tell you at the time, but could have told you, that I have had a copy of the New Testament for a long time and have read a large portion of it and I think I can prove to you from your own book that your whole religious system is on a flllse basis and is wrong throughout.

Missionary.-At least I am glad you have been reading the book,-but continue. I want to learn your difficulties. Muslim.-Very well. I heard you say in one of your sermons recently-when I happened to drop in to hear your address-I heard-you· say that there is one God, and almost immediately you

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE 87'1

referred to the prophet Jesus as "Our Lord." I was the only Muslim pre'Sent and did not want to disturb your meeting so did not reply at the time, but when I reached my house I tookuP'Yonr gospel to see if I could determine just what you do teach. I found the book quite as misleading as the various statements of the Christians about God and especially a,bout Jesus. For example, I found the statement that he knew all things, but I found in another place that he said himself he did not know the time of his return to the earth. Whoever wrote the book reports Jesus as saying that he and the Father are one while in another•place I found the explicit 'Statement from Jesus himself that the Father is greater. I find that Jesus said that no man had ever seen ,Aillah and yet the . writer, whoever he was, says that God spoke dire,ctly out of heaven to Jesus and called him his son. God forbid! Could Allah have a wife' It is most abhorrent to us ¥oslems to think that God could have a son. "Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds. He begetteth not, neither is begotten, and there is not any like unto him." (Koran). Of course I can excuse you somewhat, for we all know and admit that the gospel has been corrupted and changed to suit Christian doctrines, and naturally those who do not know that fact have confused ideas on all the subjects of religion. We know that you do not have the original gospel that came down on the prophet Jesus. It is really laughable to hear you talking about one God and then immediately you talk about three Gods. Really now, where is the consistency in saying that one is three and three are one? That neither agrees with the laws of arithmetic nor of reason. Then you try to make God be a god and a man at the same time. Any reasonable man knows that it is impossible. Moreover the honorable Koran which came down upon the prophet Mohammed (The prayers of God and his peace be upon him) teaches us that "there is no God but God and Mohammed is the prophet of God." (The Moslem creed).

Missionary.-Let us take one thing at a time, Sheikh Abdullah. You see- Muslim.-You say you worship the one God and yet you call Jesus, sometimes God, sometimes Son of God, -sometimes Son .of man, until one wonders not how many Gods but how many Jesuses you have.

Missionary.-I am sure there need be no confusion as to there being more than one Christ in the gospel record and if you will give me opportunity I -shaU endeavor to tell you what we mean when we speak of our Lord Jesus Christ as the Son of God. You know and admit that there are many things in- Muslim.-That is just what I cannot admit. No Muslim will ever admit that the prophet Jesus is Lord. What right has any man to give God an associate ¥ It is absurd to call a man Lord.

Of course we Muslims honor the prophet Jesus (The, prayers of God and his peace be upon him) and we know that he was the greatest of the prophets except Mohammed. We know that the gospel came down upon him. Yes, yes, we honor him more highly than do you. But he was never crucified as you say. God would never permit a prophet to die such a shameful death. But to call him "God" or "Lord"! God forbid that I should ever blaspheme the name of God by associating anyone with him.

Missionary.-Patience, patience, Sheikh Abdullah. Is this going to be a discus,sion .or an oration ~ You are rushing ahead at a terrible rate and when you finish I fear you will conclude that the arguments are all on your side and you will leave without my having expressed my views on these matters at aU. Let me say that you have introduced enough subjects to keep us discu:ssing a week, not one evening.

Muslim.-Well, everyone of these things which I have mentioned is denied in the honorable Koran and that settles all questions of dispute. Your scriptures are corrupted. You have all sorts of Bibles and they do not agree with one another. One of my friends, Sheikh Ahmed, who di'Scusses with you sometimes, says that you even admitted to him that there are differences between your Bible and the one used by Roman Catholics. My son who is graduating this year from medical college in America,-and he knows English very well-tells me that there are many kinds of Bibles in English and all us,ed by you Protestants. How is this 1 He said that a few years ago a number of Elnglish and American scholars rewrote the whole Bible and changed many, many words in it and even left out whole s·entences.· God forbid that any such· fate should ever befall the honorable Koran which is God's Word sent down for the guidance of men. Now tell me. Is it true that those profes'SOrs really did change the Bible, and if they did would you use one of these mutilated books 7 Missionary.-I fear we shall never arrive anywhere in our discussion if you do not allow me either to affirm or deny some of your statements. You know, Sheikh Abdullah, that a discussion is a conversation on one subject between two or more persons. If we are going to get the most good out of this discussion we must exchange views.

Muslim.-O certainly, certainly. Excuse me. May it please you to proceed.

·Missionary.-Yiou have introduced so many subjects I scarcely know where to begin. Just where do you find your greatest difficulty?

Muslim.-The Trinity. I a'Sked you about that first of all and you did not answer me. Moreover are there not Christians who deny that there are three gods T Until you can agree, why do you

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

try to get us to believe in your particular sect 1 How can one be three and three be one?

Missionary.-Your questions at least have the merit this time of all being on the same general subject. Now, Sheikh Abdullah, I want you to be fair with me. You gave me no opportunity to answer you. First of all let me say that no Christian denies the full deity of Jesus Christ. True some who deny that truth call themselves Christians, but would you call a man a Mohammedan who denied that Mohammed was a prophet' You certainly would not. -,Christianity is a life, not a profession and ~e teach and believe that entrance into this life is accomplished through a miraculous experience called the "new birth." Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God, and anyone who denies the full deity of Jesus Christ is not a Ohristian in any way, whatever he may profess. – There is no disagreement among the great body of Christians on this point, however we may disagree on minor things.

Muslim.-The only thing I know about this life of which you 8peak is what I see in these wicked Ohristian traders who are trying to debauch our country with their vile liquors and so destroy the teachings of the honorable Koran. A curse be upon them. But go on, tell me how three can be one and one three. May it please you to proceed.

Missionary-I am averse to discu:ssing this subject with one who has not read the whole gospel, and who has not given the Spirit of God an opportunity to show him this <great truth.

Muslim.-I have read most of the gospel. May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-May I ask you to continue to read the gospel and with a mind open to the guidance of the Holy Spirit of God.

Muslim.-The Holy Spirit is the angel Gabriel. Do you uot believe that1 Missionary.-No, Sheikh Abdullah, we disagree on that point too, but let us not be carried off on a tangent. Will you kindly allow me ·to lead the conversation for a while f Muslim.-May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-I think we agree that there is much in religion that is mysterious and beyond our understanding. You believe many things aoout God and about nature that you do not understand. We accept much on faith or are given proofs so overwhelming that we are compelled to believe much that is beyond our (lQlIl1prehension.

Muslim.-I cannot believe what I do not understand unless it has been sent down by God by one of his Prophets. Since the Koran abrogates all that preceded it I must believe only what is revealed or denied therein. It denies that Jesus is Son of God and

forbids us to associate any with God. I refuse· to believe what carulOt be demonstrated. You ask me to a.ccept- .

Missionary.-By your clemency, Skeikh Abdullah. Do be patient. I have not asked you to accept anything thus far. But listen. D!o you understand the processes of life1 Do you under- 8tand how a man eats bread· and it becomes a part of his bodyT Can you explain why an egg placed under the breast of the mother hen after twenty-one days become a chick, with a perfect organism of flesh and bones' .

Muslim.-I must admit that there are many things in nature . I do not understand. .

MissiofUl.r'y.-Not only so, but when we combine the natural with the spiritual, the mystery deepens and every believer in a higher power, however careful he may be as a thinker, is compelled to staud in worshipful wonder before the mighty works of God.

It behooves us to be very careful how we state that we will not believe what we cannot comprehend. Is it not true honorable Sheikh"

Muslim.-May it plea'Se you to proceed.

Missionary.-,Almost all things known to our experience exist in composite form. Man himself is a trinity of body, soul and spirit. I do not understand it but I b€lieve it, partly because of my own consciousness and my own thinking, but principally be- cause it is stated in the Word of God. Now when a man dies, does the whole man die, or only the bodyT We agree as to that, but neither of us understan~s the mystery of death or of resurrection, although we both believe that we are to have resurrection bomes.

It is all a matter of faith, not of understanding.

Muslim.-Yes, yes, I quite believe all that, but you must re- member that God cannot be compared with man.

MissiofUl.ry.-Most assuredly; Sheikh Abdullah, but I am using man only as an illustration of two points in my argument. First we believe much that we cannot understand, and second a trinity may exist in something known to us as a single object. N.ow let us take another step. You say your son is almost through medical college. Ask him and he will tell you that water is composed of two gases called oxygen and hydrogen. He will tell you that salt which is good for food is composed of two most destructive ma- terials known as sodium and chlorine. You read, did you not, of the use of poisonous chlorine gas in the late war1 It can be made from salt.

Muslim.-Strange, strange, all this. But are you sureT Missiona1'y.-Indeed I am sure. Go down with me some day to the secondary schools here in the city and we .will ask the pro- fessor to demonstrate some of these things for us. It is true of everything we see and touch. It all eJtists in composition.

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

Muslim.-Yes but if that is all true, when you separate them you get something .else not the original 'Substance.

Missionary.-I am glad you make that statement. It oilly gives my illustration added force. I spoke of the destructive power of chlorine and of sodium which are found in our common table salt. Sodium would burn your flesh like fire and chlorine gas would strangle you to death in a few minutes. In like manner if you attempt to separate the Godhead, denying either to the Son or to the Holy Spirit his rightful place and glory you get a conception of God that is not God at all. YlOu will excuse me if I say plainly to you as a friend that the Moslem conception of God is different from the Christian conception altogether, and it is so because Mohammed refused Jesus Christ his rightful place in the Godhead.

Muslim.-What do you mean sid Do you mean to insinuate that we Moslems do not worship the one true God 7 Missionary.-Again I must ask your patience, Honorable Sheikh. You are responsible for that interpretation of my remark, not I. You agree that our concepts are different do you. not 7 Muslim.-WE worship the one true God. The God of Abraham and Ishmael and of Mohammed is our God. To us it is blasphemy to associate anyone with God.

Missionary.-Quite so, Honorable Sheikh. But when you think of God you think of him as a great being who is not much concerned with the affairs of men. He created some for fire and some for the joys of Paradise and your book quotes him saying "I care not." You thus make him a great monarch who is not concerned about the salvation of sinful men. Now we know God as a great and mighty ruler, but because He ha-s revealed himself through Jesus Christ we also know Him as a loving Father. You have ninety-nine beautiful names for God yet I do not find among them all either "Love" or "Father." Our word gospel means "good news" and the good news contained in it is that although we have all sinned and come short of the glory of God, nevertheless we are reconciled to God through the dealh of His Son.

Muslim.-Bla'Sphemy! Even ~f I could admit that Jesus was the Son of God as you say, I never could believe that God would allow him to be slain. The honorable Koran says that Jesus did not die. We honor him more than you do. How could God allow the prophet Jesus to be slain 1 Could he kill a holy prophet because another man sinnedT God forbid!

Missionary-That is the very thing I want most to tell you, Sheikh Abdullah.

M~lim.-I think I must be going. I have an engagement. Missionary.-It is still early. Perhaps you can wait long enough to listen to one illustration of the Trinity. That is the thing for which you seem most anxious. This illustration has helped me,

and I believe others, to understand something of this great mystery.

Will you wait 1 .

Muslim.-May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-Here we are in a large city. We have electricity.

It is a great blessing. I think you light your mosque with electric lights on special occasions, do you not~ Now electricity is a very mysteriol1"s power. Even the best electricians do not understand it. Here is a wire which runs through all my house. It is charged with a current from the power house. What do you call that cur- rent?

Muslim.-We call it electricity.

Missionary.-Very well. I turn this key on the wall and the room is filled with light. What do you call that light as dis- tinguished from the light of a candle or an oil lamp.

Muslim.-We call it electricity.

Missionary.-Notice this quality in the light. It does not change while the connection is on. It is a visible expression of the something we call electricity. You say it is electricity and you are quite right in oalling it by that name. But hold a moment. Here is an electric iron which some one gave us as a present. Inside this ir.on ,are some wires coiled about on the bottom covering the whole surface. I remove one of the lamps and insert. the connec- tion attached to the iron. Will you kindly hold the iron in your hand while I do it ~ Now what do you think will happen 1 Will we get a light in the iron? Just touch the bottom of the iron and see if you notice any change.

Muslim.-By the beard of the prophet! It is quite warm. How is this? Strange! Strange indeed!

Missionary.-I cannot explain it all to you, Sheikh Abdullah.

It is one of those mysteries that you said you would not believe without understanding. But I want you to see my point. Is it just as legitimate to call that heat electricity as it was to call the light electricity?

Muslim.-I presume we must call it by the. same name. I know of no other.

Missionary.-Very well you call the heat and light by one name and yet Sheikh Abdullah, are you not able to distinguish between light and heat?

Muslim.-O certainly, I can distinguish between thpm but- Missionary-But what? You call the heat electricity just as a moment ago you called the light electricity. ,And you were right.

They are both an expression of what travels along that wire. Now go one step farther and the illustration is complete. You have seen the heavy cars on the street railway as they come and go in the city.. What moves them 1 Again you ans.wer electricity. You can light the car till it is almost as light as day without getting any

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

motion. You can heat it till the iron is red and the wood is consumed and it will not move one inch. So you cannot say that either heat or light moves the car. Yet out of the same cable that produces the light and the hea,t comes also the power that carrie'S it across the city. Now Sheikh Abdullah I want you to see in all this a picture of Nature's God and I want you to know Him in His fullness as far as He has revealed Himself to men. I want you to see that God is power, as you now believe; that He is the creator and preserver of this universe, which is much larger than we can know; and I want you to worship Him and give Him all the glory due to His holy name. But I want you to understand also that God is light and in Him is no darkness at all and that Jesus Chri'st is the manifestation of that light and that in manifesting the Father as light, He proved Himself to be one of that mysterious trinity that we call God. I want you to hold your life open to that Holy Spirit of God who is burning into your religious consciousness these great truths which we have so imperfectly brought to you today. I invite you to believe in the One God who has revealed himself as the God of power and of light and heat, if you please, in the persons of Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Muslim.-It is all very strange and wonderful. I shall see what the Koran has to sav about it.

Missionary.-Now pl~ase, Sheikh Abdullah, promise me you' will read the Gospel through.

Musli,m. Yes, yes. I shall look into it some more. Now I must be going.

SOME MOSLEM DIFFICULTIES The following are some of the statements about the Christian religion such as a Moslem is likely to make; also some of the 'questions a Moslem is likely to ask during a discussion. _ Your trinity is God (Allah), Mary and Jesus (Esa).

Things which distinguish Christianity from Judaism and Islam are all borrowed from heathen.

The idea of a trinity is found in Babylon and Assyria e. g. Merodach, his wife Zarpanitu and their son Nebo. (It would be a rare Moslem that could give any detail beyond first statement of heathen trinities.) An- cient Egyptians had trinity. Ammon, Mut, Khuns. Indian Trident- Shiva, Vishnu and Brahm. Persian mysteries had their baptism and a form of sacrament similar to Christian Lord's supper.

Aeneas in Virgil was son of a man and a goddess.

You call Mary mother of God. God was uncreated and could not have a mother. Could Almigbty God be confined in the body of a man?

"The Lord said unto my Lord." What God spoke and to whom did he speak? Cannot have a conversation between God and himself. You must have two gods.

"My God My God etc." 'What God was talking and to whom? How could God on the cross address God in heaven. Must conclude there are two gods.

You say Jesus is God. Who ran the universe when he was dead?

If Jesus died can you say a part of God died? Or did all of God die? 'Can you di vide God?

Who raised Jesus, himself or Allah?

How could God permit his son to die? If he was his son he would love him too much for that.

You say Christ became a curse for man. Would common criminal la.w permit a just man to die in the place of one who deserved the punish- ment? Unthinkable!

Was body and spirit and soul of Jesus, God? Did both body and spirit suffer or only body?

Then is God capable of injury and suffering?

You say God is a Spirit. How can a spirit become flesh?

Jesus disclaimed omniscience-liNa man knoweth the hour not even the Son."

Jesus disclaimed holiness more than that of a prophet.-"Why callest thou Me good."

Jesus disclaimed equality with Allah.-"My Father is greater than I."

Weare all sons of God. Jesus was Son of God only in that sense.

He claimed no other.

Can we say that God ate, slept, was tired, rode a donkey? You de- grade deity. .

When he died, did he really die? Where was his spirit? Koran says he did not die.

Contradictions.-"God is not a man that he should repent" so says your scripture, yet it says that He did repent 'WWny times.

Romans 4. Abraham "justified by faith etc." James 2. Abraham "justified by "works." Which are we to believe?

You have changed your scriptures. You cannot produce the orig- inal gospel.

Your own people no longer believe your Bible is Word of God. Ger- man scholarship denies it and French infidelity denies it, etc:, etc.

POWER OF GOD'S WORD IN MOROCCO . "A Moor, saw the text on the door of the Bible depot in Tangier: "Call upon Me in the day of trouble; I will deliver thee and thou shalt glorify Me." He came in to the place and asked: "Who spake those words, and where are they to be found?" Being told that God spake them through His servant David he asked to buy a copy of the book. Mr. Robert Stevens gave him a copy of the Psalms, which had the Gospel of Matthew bound with it, and drew his attention to Psalm 50: 15, and to Matthew 11: 28, "Come unto Me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.". .

"Ah, rest!" he said, "that is what the heart wants; no words like these are found in the Koran."

A.nother Moor, of the better class, came into the depot and said, "While everyone must admit that there is much good advice in the Koran, it cannot be compared to the Old and New T~staments; for while you read the Injil, you seem to feel that a living Person is in it, drawing you to Him."

Ideas of

BY PRESIDENT GEORGE E. WHITE, D. D.

Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turkey A MAN'S idea of God fixes his viewpoint for his theology and his theory as to his own place in this world and in the world to come. The Turks suppose that they are good Mohammedans and believe in the Allah of the Koran without addition to or subtraction from any of his attributes. Yet the conception of the Divine Ruler prevalent among any people may differ considerably from that which is presented in their orthodox scriptures.

Twentieth century Turks have drawn upon· at least two historical sources outside their sacred literature for their religious . conceptions. While· their standar~ theology has come with the literature of Mohammedanism from a foreign-that is an Arabian -origin, they retain some lingering remnants of the religious heritage brought by their forefathers out of the depths of central .Asia twenty generations ago. They have also been much influenced by their environment for six or seven centuries in Asia Minor, from whose earlier inhabitants, still an important section of society, the conquering Turks have absorbed so much blood and so much of their present character.

A 'TIurk thinks of God as very much like a magnified human sovereign. He believes that all good earthly government is monarchical and that all law has its ultimate authority in the person of the supreme ruler. Of the two leading forms of human government, the monarchical or military and the republican or parliamentary, the Turks have consistently maintained the former. Under this theory of administration every individual goes as high as he can, takes orders from the aothority next above, and passes them on to the ranks below. The YKlung. Turks in 1908 made an effort to establish representative institutions and to do things in the parliamentary way, but it was foreign to Turkish psychology and it failed. The old Turks represent the really characteristic ideas. They feel that the king or the caliph should be the real and unhampered monarch, that he may at any time reverse or revise his statutes, make exceptions in favor of individuals, or suspend the operation of any article of his code. A sovereign is expected to be arbitrary, sometimes capricious, if possible wise, but always powerful. He 'Should be keen in discerning the motives and .885

intents o£ men, and discriminating in awarding judgments and favors. He is expected to maintain a stately court, and yet to be accessible, at least at times, to the humblest of his people. His crowning virtues are mercy, clemency, compassion, and it matters little what claims of justice go unrequited if a cry for mercy is kindly met. The rulers of the "Arabian Nights" represented the ideal of monarchs of this character.

According to the Turk the ideal human ruler is surrounded by a company of courtiers and officers who contribute to his state, administer his affairs, and, if po"Ssible, anticipate his wants. The"Se functionaries have great influence with the monarch on the one hand, and each has his own feudal retainers on the other. Petitions are presented to the sovereign by means of some courtly satellite, and a wise suppliant endeavors to enlist in his behalf the good offices of some courtier whose influence is so 'great that the monarch cannot reject his request. If one can secure such a mediator, his suit is won in advance.

By natural analogy, then, the Turk"S think of God as the omnipotent Creator, Ruler, and Judge of all, a Being seated upon a high throne, far removed from the affairs of men, yet approachable to his favorites, and even to the humblest of his faithful subje<lts-these last being, of course, true Moslem believers. The Divine will, infinite and absolute, so embraces each infinitesimal human will that there is really no room to allow free sCl?pe to the latter at all. Turks are fatalists, and really hold that every event is determined for a man beforehand. Is he destined to fall in battle1-his body is proof against disease; has one the cholera1-to refrain from ea,ting green cucumbers for fear .of the consequences is lack of faith. It is not only unnecessary but impious to i"Solate a patient sick with some contagious disease for the will of God must be done. Does the true believer find himself in an unexpected place ~-he has water to drink there, and "the wa.ter draws him"; is he offered some delicacy to eaB-it was "appointed" to him. Is the Moslem irritated at alleged infidelity toward God above, or toward his theocratic representatives on earth1-he will indulge his passions by striking down men, women, and children in indiscriminate m,assacre, and comfort his soul with the assurance of some a"Strologer that he read all thes,e things in the stars five years before they happened; ask the astrologer if he could not have read some way to prevent such misery, and he will answer, "Oh, no, for it was all written in the immutable decrees of God."

After the massacre of 1895, in which thousands of Armenian lives went out in blood amid scenes that may not be described, the governor of a considerable city that had been given over to mob rule for four hours wa"S asked whether punish-

TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD

ment would be meted out to the perpetrators of such deeds. " Undoubtedly, undoubtedly," he replied, "every guilty man will meet with his misfortune. One will have a favorite cow die; another will lose an aunt by sickness; another will have a bowlegged son born; every man' will meet with misfortune suitable to his misdeeds." His respon'Sibility as the absolute governor never came to his mind.

Such fatalism, shared more or less by the Turks with all the people of the East, induces laziness, carelessness, and stagnation in both personal and public affairs. If everything is determined by fate, there is no room for human choi~; if there is no choice, there is no responsibility; and, without responsibility, there can be neither virtue nor vice, ground for neither praise nor blame, reward nor punishment.

Turks cannot, of course, carry out their creed with logical consistency. They feel the monitions of conscience, as all men must, and recognize themselves as in reality morally accountable; but the tendency of their faith is in the direction indicated. The outcome appears in the remark of a white-turbaned army chaplain: "Y'ou know God Almighty never requires anything of man the doing of which is hard." Think whither such doctrine would carry one in conduct! If the path of virtue appears hard, you cannot expect one to follow it. If anything seem'S easy and inviting, do it. If you have a point to gain by a lie, and do not take advantage of this means, you are hardly bright.

Sin and righteousness consist in obedience or disobedience to the Divine statutes,and, as these prescribe ritual ceremonies quite as much as ethical principles, one may be as guilty for not following correctly the prescribed rules for the washing of his hands before prayer, as, for lining his pockets with stolen gold, or for perverting justice under the influence of a bribe. Neither love to God or man, nor moral character, but ritual status, is taken as the ground of acceptance at the court of heaven. Confession is made with the mouth, and it matters little whether mind and heart agree thereto. Utterance of the formula, ' , There is no god but· Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet," gives the speaker all the rights of "the faithful," though the confession may have been forced and may be repudiated with all the heart. It is doubtful whether sin would be reckoned sin if the perpetrator were not caught. If one could bribe the gate-keeper, or gain back door entrance to heaven without the right of being there, God's leniency would be expected to triumph over his justice, and the man would be allowed to remain. • The Supreme Being, like an earthly monarch, is thought

of as surrounded by ministers of various ranks, who do his pleasure and have direct access to His presence. .AJngels of different sorts and names, among whom four are reckoned as preeminent, are reinforced'by the patriarchs and prophets of the Old Testament, and by' countless "saints" from among the devout of all lands and ages, or even by living men of outstanding reputation for sanctity. A great part of the religion of an average Turk, as is the case with many other Orientals, consists .in the endeavor so to enlist the favor of <me or more of these favorites at the throne of heaven in his behalf that he may be kept from harm, may ofl comfortable in life, and at death may be carried direct to Paradise. In the crises of life a Turk turns to God with prayer and sacrifice, but he presents his plea through the medium of some supposedly influential saint. Whether or not it has a mosque, almost every village has a shrine made sacred by the presence of a holy grave. The people of any given village repair to their shrine, and with individual or COll1lllunal worship endeavor to rouse their mediator to act in their behalf. Or, one may go a long journey to seek a famous sanctuary, or to present his petition through an intercessor who has the name of helping those in his particular plight. If a Turk suffers misfortune, and fears it may be due to his maltreatment of a Christian, he will resort to a Christian shrine, and pay the priest a fee to intercede in his behalf. Or if a Turkish woman learns that her Christian neighbor's child was healed from a disease after a pilgrimage to some church or monastery, she will take her child to the same place in hope of securing effectual intercession for the Moslem baby where God has already given proof of His acceptance of the worship. The idea in all such cases is that a given saint has such influence with the Supreme Ruler that his intercession must certainly 'Secure what is asked. If the exPected is withheld-God knows best.

. Turkish theology has nothing corresponding to the atonement of Christ, as manifesting God's abhorrence of sin and his winning love for the sinner, reconciling God and guilty man. Their prescription'S for a convicted sinner are three: he must repent of his misdeed, (at least repent of the conl'!equences), vow not to repeat the offense, (though he may yield to temptation later), and cast himself on the mercy of God. Vicarious substitution is recognized, but hardly in the Christian sense. One person may. receive a blow intended for another. If a percentage of men are destined to be unfortunate, when the quota' is made up the rest are exempt.

If real atonement be absent frOID Turkish theology, the supreme importance attached to mediation, interces'Sion, personal favor, has been perhaps sufficiently emphasized. Each little

man endeavors so to attach himself to the skirts of another greater and better than himself that he may be swept without successful challenge past every judgment bar. It is a selfish view, and begets selfish character. Soldiers in one division of an army are known to have been hungry, while in another division of the same army they were selling, and even burning provisions, because they had more than could be used. They lack the constraining love of Christ, that most powerfuJ. Christian motive, as they lack the reconciling work of Christ between man and God. And in spite of all their efforts, they seem to have no real confidence or satisfaction in any.

Turks speak with respect· of Jesus, and call him the '( Spirit of God," by which they mean that he was born without human father. They relate that the angel Gabriel appeared to the Virgin Mary, breathed upOn her, and announced that she should become the mother of the prophet Jesus. Thus conception took pI.ace, and thus Jesus is the "Spirit of God." . They place him in the series with Abraham and Moses, "of blessed memory," and hold that all were superseded by Mohammed.

But Christ is everything or nothing, and such respect for Him as is implied in the co~arison of his miracles with those of the semi-fabulous Arabian healer, Lokman, is hardly worth the -name. The term "Son of God" is a stumbling-block and an offense to them, partly because. of the habit of their' minds to fix on a physical relation, instead of a 'Sonship of character. Mohammedans deny the Son, and hence, as John says, (I John 2:23) they "have not the Father." They have "Ninety-nine Beautiful Names" for God, such as the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate, and the like, but they have no title meaning the Father, nor any signifying God is Love. They have no "Saviour" in the Christian sense of that term. Convicted by conscience of "Sin, dreading the awards of the future life, they strive to keep up enough of the form of piety to escape being caught in an unpardonable sin, and seek some mediator whose "influence" may be enough to get them safely through. They lack the impulses arising from personal loyalty to a worthy Master; they lack the relation arising from filial love to God the Father.

The following incident from a mosque gives a characteristic 'Turkish view of the obligation and relation of man toward God in the life of this world. The great mosque was full of men, and, the hoja eloquently depicted the majesty and the mercy of God, the frailties and the foibles of men. Men sin because they forget God~ he went on, and they forget God because they love the world too much. It is illustrated by a man walking over a plain, who finds himself pursued by a lion. Casting about for a place of safety, he finds a well with a platform about half

way down, on which he takes refuge. The lion comes to the mouth of the well above, and stands there roaring and waiting for his prey. There is also at the bottom of the well a great dragon with yawning mouth, ready to catch the man if he should fall. And as he looks he sees that two mice, one black and the other white,. creep out from the side of the well and begin to gnaw away the supports of the platform on which man finds his little brief irn;rnunity from destruction. But the man, by -some chance having with him food and drink, begins to eat and carouse, and make merry, with no thought of the horrors of his dangerous position.

This man, said the preacher, represents our human race. The plain is the world, through which we journey. The lion stands for the temptations that pursue us all with such fierceness. The dragon mean-s eternity, yawning beneath our feet. The black mouse and the white mouse signify day and night, or the flight of time, which will soon destroy the respite now granted 1;() us. But we, in our folly, ingtead of meditating on the solemn facts of existence devote ourselves to eating and drinking, to amusement and merry-making, enjoying life and forgetting God. And' then he said,-in e£fect,-May God Most High have mercy upon us, and deliver us from the world, the flesh, and the devil, while the crowded mosque rang with the cry of "Amin, amin, ,, and a thousand men rocked to and fro on their knees, and touched their foreheads to the floor in humble supplication.

,Mter the service was over a Mohammedan friend who had accompanied me to the mosque and myself were walki;'g away absorbeq in the worship that we had seen and heard.

"'J'hat was a good story," I remarked, "that the hoja told." "Yes," he said, "It was· a very good story."

"It -seems to me that there was one thing left out."

"What was that1" he asked. "There is no doubt that mankind in the life of this world is pursued. by vari.ous temptations, that eternity is yawning beneath our feet, that we have but a little respite before the flight of time will carry us away. But the question is, how we are to escape from these dangers. I did not observe that the preacher said anything about that, did you 7" ~'Why no," he replied. "Well," I said, "You are a. Mohammedan. Now what would you say, what idea have you about the way of escape from sin and its consequences ~" "I declare," he said "I do not know." Mohammedanism does not. know. It has no effective offer to make to a sinner who seeks salvation. Mohammedanism has no Redeemer.

Things OUf Missionaries

Communications from the Frontiers, telling of the kind of equip- ment that increases Missionary Efficiency.

FAR FROM THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY I N THE days when war news filled the papers, when sons and daughters were enduring the discomforts, the hardships and dangers of the training camps and the trenches, the parents, brothers and sisters at home counted it a privilege and a joy to spend hours knitting and sewing for the soldiers and sailors; or to spend dollars lavishly to supply every possible need of those who had responded to the call of God and humanity. Lives were saved by warm clothing that the government did not supply, and life was made more endurable by the contents of packets sent to the front. If there were sugges,tions that the efficiency of our representatives in the army was impaired by the lack of equipment, every effort was immediately made to supply the need.

Similar motives would lead Christians at home in the midst of the great world carrnpaign for the establishment of Christian truth and the spread of the Gospel of Life. to wish to share with the missipnaries on the frontiers the life of sacrifice, and to supply every pos'Sible material aid to make their work effective.

The following communications from missionaries give some, idea of the kind of things these heroic workers need to enable them to maintain their health and do effective service. Many of these things are so commonplace in our American and British home,s, offices" churches and schools that they are taken for granted, but they are almo'St unattainable in frontier stations. Who could realize, for instance, the importance of a piece of cord or a pin when none is to be had; but the most insistent and easily supplied need is for good literature. "Send us good books and magazines," is the almost unanimous request.

A very useful department of the World's Sunday School Association is the "Surplu'S Material Department," hut it is selfisn and often foolhardy to give only from our surplus, and many would prefer to give new material to their workers and use the old themselves. Birthdays and Christmas also call for gifts that will make our missionaries happy, and suggestions as to whlft to send are welcome. One of the largest houses supplying general merchandise through their mail order department writes as follows in reply to our inquiry as to what the missionaries most frequently call for in their distant fields of labor: 891

"The things that missionaries order <;lepend upon the make up of the families, the particUlar part of the vineyard where they are serving, and the amount of money they have to spend. Human needs are not so much different, 'So far as everyday living is concerned, in the northern part of the United States and the northern part of China. One of the strongest bids for influence in a new oommunity is to set up an American home, equipped with just the kind'S of articles that are in use here in the States.

"I hope that you will strongly urge friends not to select articles without consulting the missionaries themselves. Do not pay freight upon second-hand "articles, or things that are not needed here, or can be purchased cheap there. 'In these days of enormous freight charges, it is nonsense to be transporting about the world a lot of old junk that nobody really wants. The freight on second hand stuff is just as heavy as it would be on new stuff. Money can be expended to better advantage through selections from the ,catalogue of a reliable house and the matter of preparing, packing and shipping the goods to' the foreign lands will be entirely taken care of by people who have made it their business.

"If Ladies' Aids, Missionary Circles, Daughters of Rebecca, etc., want to make a real hit with missionaries, let them hold bazaars or other local functions and sell their home-made jams, jellies, coworts, socks, etc., and ,send the real money to the misBionaries. Then Mrs. Missionary can select what she needs instead of what somebody who never saw her, thinks she ought to have. Exporting houses will forward anything that is sent to them for shipment, if it will hold together long enough and the freight is paid.

"It h3s often seemed to me little short of Ii tragedy for good money to be paid out in starting stuff for some far-away mission field by some person who has absolutely no idea of conditions on the route or at destination. Furniture, sometimes new, comes wrapped in paper, and with little other protection than shipping tags. The man who contributed the furniture would just as willingly have contributed the money that the furniture cost him if the matter had been put up to him right. Missionary work is coming into its own, and it is high time that we all recognize that each new family as it sets up its family altar is entitled to start out with new things, inexpen'Sive and few perhaps, but new, and selected by the future user. ,A; practical way to bring this about is to have the mi'Ssionaries make their selections from the pages of a catalogue of a reliable house.

""Y1ou would smile over some orders the missionaries send in-and then, when you thought it over, you wouldn't feel so

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

much like smiling. For you, when you want a box of puffed corn, or a bottle of pepper sauce, or a paper of screw-eyes, can get them just 'round the corner. "But here is a missionary who must needs send to Chi- cago from China an order for shredded cocoanut, a fly trap, three mopsticks, and a football! " Another puts in his list one child's crib, a high chair, a bottle of hydrogen peroxide, and a bottle of castor oil. There is an American farrnily in that mission compound. And another orders a dozen nursing flasks. Of course he will distribute them. No one family could possibly use a dozen!

"These folks must have infinite patience. One wrote in and said: 'The goods I ordered last September arrived promptly in March!' And they take vastly more care in stating what they want, knowing that asking for explanations may mean a delay of four or six months.

"The missionary's purchase cannot go to him in a paper sack. They face the haps and mishaps of every known form of transit. They will be dropped on to wharves, and dropped into ships' holds, and tumbled off wheelbarrows., and swayed drunkenly on the backs of coolies. For these adventures, safe packing becomes a fine, as well as necessary art. Besides, 'Since ocean freights are charged by measurement rather than by weight, close packing is also highly important.

"Their needs will change with the changing years, but always they will maintain for themselves, in the midst of strange and alien airs, a little corner which bre~thes the atmosphere of home. Here will be the truly 'homely' things, sewing machine, and soap dish, and books, and the other tools of everyday living, which are just what are used at home, and so hold them to the simple domestic rituals which are of the essence of civilization."

FROM A MISSIONARY IN KOREA Most missionaries find it convenient to eat food from time to time, even when on the field, in spite of the fact that one on furlough is ,sometimes asked questions that suggest the thought that we lay aside such frivolity for the more serious business of missionarying. Again, most missionaries find it inconvenient to eat native food in any quantity when out itinerating. Some have survived the experience once Or twice, and minimizing the risk, continue to revel in pickled turnips, dried fi'Sh and fresh fish, and fish that neither' fresh nor dried, unknowable broths and red pepper sauce; but most of us take along our food boxes. Arises next therefore the question of fire. We cannot use the Korean fireplace to prepare our food.

It is under an immovable rice kettle, and though "the crackling of thorns under a pot" has a Korean as well as a Scriptural sound, it implies a form of fire not convenient for our cookery. There is always charcoal to be had, and charcoal has its advantages~out of doors. But there are other things out of door~dirt, for one thing. A little breeze strikes the courtyard, which is also the stable yard and contains the refuse heap of the Korean house, and, puff! your frying pan is peppered with a little shower of mingled dust and germs, principally germs.

For this and other rea1soml many of us like to take a "khotal," or oil stove to the country. It is a small brass affair that burns vaporized kerosene with a blue flame under air pressure, supplied by a small hand plunger in the oil tank. It can be had at any camping outfitter's. Some missionaries are addicted to the use of alcohol-in solidified formbut unless your fuel fund is heavily endowed it is beyond the reach Df the itinerant.

The missionary housewife likes a fireless cooker. The Koreans call it a fireless stove, and it is especially desirable for the use of ladies who return at twelve and go out again for Sunday-school at two. We. use ours as refrigerator in summer to keep milk cool.

One does iwt need to be a missionary to know the value of a gold medal folding camp cot. Ask Unele Sam. Of course, there are missionaries who despise this as somewhat too luxuriou,s for a 'Serious minded itinerant, but no other than a native could really enjoy sleeping on a heated Korean floor, which is the Korean bed. And then sometimes, if not always, there are certain other reasons not wholly dissipated by the Persian powder argument which make a folding camp cot seem a perfe.ct haven of rest and refuge. For this may be said of the camp cot, that when all etse fails you can set its leg'S in pans of water. This makes one safe from attacks of all ex- cept flying squirrels, and they are said w be harmless.

Some of us had to come all the way to the Orient to learn that the japanese lanterns we have always associated with lawn fetes and the Fourth of July, really are Japanese lanterns.

A good coal oil lantern is indispensable w all missionaries who live where kerosene is available, and there are few places in the world today where it is not. A lantern lights, one to church when there IS no moun, ~nd very frequently it afford'S the most brilliant, if not the only light in church for the evening service. One goes over church records or studies by its light when out itinerating. A little group will follow a "foreign" lantern along the highway at night, making comments on its construe-

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

tion; and sometimes they follow it into church out of curiosity and accidentally hear the Gospel!

I do not know of any missionary, among the men, that is, except perhaps the very old ones, and some wh{)se early education was too classical, who would not rejoice to receive some good tools, saw, plane and square, chisels, ratchet brace, pliers, etc. All of us meet occasions where a few tools are indispensable. The Korean saw is set with teeth that point backwaJ'd, like those in a shark's jaw, and a handle like tha,t of a bucksaw. One is supposed to sit ()n the ground and hold the wood with his toe,s while sawing. This is interesting, but inconvenient. We once saw a Korean using an American saw.

He hel4 the blade upright between the soles of his feet as he sat on the ground and rubbed the wood back and forth on the saw.'

The missionary housewife says that oolored sewing 'Silks, espe.cially machine thread, are most desirable things to have on hand. It may seem like "coals to Newcastle" to 'Send silk to the Orient, but it must be remembered that the thread is manufactured in America and England from imported raw silk.

So a supply of sewing silks wouJd make a far more aeceptable gift than a taffeta pin cushion, or a gold braided vanity box.

Button hole twist and basting thread are the only varieties that can be bought in our city of fifty thousand.

:B'inally, when you want to send your missionaTY friend a gift, why not send him a book, a good one, a new one, 'S{)me- thing that will help him in his Bible teaching); or will keep him in touch with the things people at home are thinking about, and stimulate his thought?

Pyeng Yang, Korea. C. WALTER ERDMAN, MORE NEEDS IN KOREA The needs are so numerous that I hardly know where to begin. We needed a bell for our church, and· also an organ. I wrote to a friend for both and they were duly received, and have been of great service. A church bell does excellent service in getting people to church on time, and in calling the attention of unbelievers to the fact that there is a church in their oommunity, and that the Christians are having service.

A church clock would help to regulate the length of the services, and help make the leader more orderly. For 'Several years my young women's societies have supplied me with enough gifts for all our Sabbath school children at Christmas. I have asked for soap, wash cloths, towels, material for bags, pencil boxes, writing tablets, paint boxe'S and small toy;s, for the very tiny children. Books in English, any kind of wearing apparel,

I a'Sked not to have sent as these are' useless. The large pic- tures illustrating Bible scenes, and left over Sunday-school cards can be used to good advantage. Picture postal card'S are more acceptable if a clean 'Sheet of paper is pasted over the side with writ- ing on it. Then the cards are ready to have a verse of Scripture written on them in the native language before the yare dis- . tributed. Scrap books are acceptable, provided they have the _ right kind of pictures.

Kindergarten supplies of almost any kind are acceptable. A victrola came to our home, and it has been a constant joy, not only to us but to the many Koreans who visit our home. When it is known that a home ha'S a victrola new records would be very gratefully received. iThe furniture and furnishings in a. mission- ary hfmle wear out as in .America, and the heart of Mrs. Mission- ary would bound with joy if some day a check came with the mes- sage "Buy something for your own home." Fresh wall paper i'S a joy, and when ten dollars a year is all that is allowed by the Board for hoU/se repairs, new wall paper cannot be afforded very often. Table and bed linen also wear out. Our small boy is longing for a bicycle, but the missionary pocket book cannot manage it.

If Mrs. Missionary's size is known, a dress pattern now and then helps her to keep her old clothes fairly modern. A gift of money to put in a screened porch w.ould add much com- fort to the mis'Sionary home, and help keep the family in health.

Just now I am longing for a bath room equipment for our home in Pyeng Yang. The longer I am here the more I believe that anything that adds to the missionary's comfort makes a better missionary.

Pyeng Yang, Korea. MRS. C. F. BERNHEISEL.

THAT MISSIONARY FORD It is getting to be the habit of Inissionaries in Chosen when they go home on their first furlough to return to their field bring~ iug with them some new degree with which they may proudly decorate the posterior end of their names. These vary in size and in cost and amount of dignity. One of the lesser stars of missionaries went home. a few years ago, realizing his deficiencies and the 'Plainness of his name, and fostering secret hope'S of some little exterior improvement, before he should return to his doctored associates in Chosen. But during the short stay in America he found that a D.D. was not for him. Entirely unbeknown to him there came in one day the degree of F. O. R. D. conferred by the University of the Church of Unionville. We accepted it as a gift from the Lord for our use in His work, and we are desirous that it shall be used well in this cause.

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

GIVING OUT TRACTS FROM A FORD IN KOREA It is a Pullman car of luxury and a giant of usefulness alongside of the various other sputtering, nervous, little demorul that we have tried to ride over the roads of Chosen. My father visited Chosen a few years ago and often traveled with us to the country. He went back home to America saying, "Nothing in the way of good equipment is too good for the missionary." And from him came our motorcycle. Certainly if we consider the work of the busy missionary worth while at all, anything that will help iSave time, conserve strength, and make more work possible for him is certainly a most practicable and reasonable gift to provide him.

The Ford has not been here long enough for us to tell you all about its varied uses and advantages-and expenses. But we have already used it for over three months and we have driven it about 2,000 miles, including a trip to Kangkei and Wonsan. We are still keeping our seven-dollar-and-a-half share of that sturdy donkey up in Tukchyun county. He will always be used, we expect, as a sort of "tender" for the Ford, altho when we think of the disposition of that little donkey there is a mistake in the choice of words somewhere in the above phrase.

We expect to make some long trips in the machine when the roads and the seasons will allow, but the base will have to be at home. Our idea of the machine is not to use it in continuous itineration but out on trips of shorter duration, to visit points in the country where we have special and urgent business. We can often go out for over .Sunday. Sometimes on trips close by we can save expenses and time and baggage by going out

early Sunday morning, holding two Or three services and re- turning in the evening. One advantage is that we can take either our wife, or another' missionary, or several Korean brethren of the city, or may be all of them, ·to help us' in our work and make the trip count for more. Ways are multiplied in which the Ford connects the country with the advantages of the city, and brings more people of the better developed city churches into contad with the more needy rural churches.

One ·of the most appreciative passengers that we have ever taken with us is our old friend Mrs. Yi, (Pu Mu Kol Yi Si as she is known around here.) She is the grandmother of D'r. Graham Lee, she says, and was one of the Lees' staunchest friends while they were here. She js. 89 years old. Soon after we had started and were bowling along at a good rate we turned around and asked her how she liked the Ford. "Don't bother me" she answered with apparent difficulty. "I can't talk. My mouth is full of wind!" We took her up the mountain to the lookout near Peony Point, a place she had not been able to climb since she was a young woman. She saw her city spread out before her, the playground of her girlhood, and the beautiful river and the green pine trees and the verdant fields far below; and as we rested there the dear old grandma pathetically exclaimed, "I have ridden in an automobile! I have, ,seen this wonde.rful sight again! Now I am ready to die!" When later in the moonlight we put our aged friend down at the door of her thatched cottage she turned around to us and said, "I am not going to thank you. This isn't your automobile anyway. I'll give thanks when I say my prayers tonight." However, the next day an anonymous chicken was brought around to our house and tied to our kitchen door.

HELPFUL IN JAPAN .

Japan is not an easy country to which to send equipment.

We have no hospital work, kindergarten material is all made here much cheaper than at home and the Sunday-school sup- plies, with the exception of the large picture rolls, are prepared in this country. Picture rolls for the Sunday-school and Christ- mas boxes for our girls' schools are always helpful and greatly apprecia,ted. How a Japanese: girl, large or small, appreciates and prizes a pretty, well dreElsed American doll! Dainty white aprons, hair ribbons, lace edging and fancy bags, you in Amer- ica can scarcely realize what a joy a box of these things brings to both teachers and girls at Christmas time. It is an intimate, personal remembrance from the MothQr Church in America.

Tokyo, Jap(JJyt. HELEN O. REISCHAUER.

SOME Tl-IINGS OUR MISSrONAR1BS NBBD

A MESSAGE FROM CHINA Of the larger gifts, I would put a victrola first. It is an inestimable inspiration to the missionary, especially in interior China, where he hears nothing nearer music, ten months in the year, than the joyful noise a well-meaning oongregation can make.

It is a great delight also to the natives, and we have enter- tained hundreds with our $25 machine. An occasional new record is a great treat. Father sent some in a round tin box with corrugated pasteboard between, and none were broken.

Of little things, an occasional pattern of a skirt or dress, if the size is known. So often I have labored in vain for something wherewithal to clothe myself because my patterns were out of date.

I've made a chu,rn out of a malted milk bottle, a chair rung and a door knob; I can beat eggs with a fork, but I've never found a substitute for the rubber rings that mlljst g.o on fruit jars if the fruit is to keep. These are especially useful, as so many improvident ones are inclined to borrow. Shoe strings often cause distress by their absence. I had' a man ask me once for my last shoe string. Darning cotton and, elastic if one lives in the interior are often a crying need, but of course a thrifty person won't often be caught without them. .A good sweater is a necessity that is alwayslshrinking away from us.

Then if it is to delight the feminine heart, little treasures like a sweet grass basket or dainty handkerchiefs keep a woman from becoming as gray and dull as her barren surroundings. Books are alwaYls gladly received and keep us in touch with the .out- side world and its interests.

Shuntefu, China. MRS. GUY W. HAMILTON.

LAOKING IN CHINA AND TIBET Perhaps the following will be useful in helping others to make a selection which will be of invaluable help to any missionary.

1. Baby Orrgans. Through gifts of money I have been able to purchase four of these here in China, three of which are in lise in each of three country and city chapels, and one is uf'Rd in my woman's school. These are among the most useful and appreciated helps in the work. They are better bought here in China, as they stand the climate better than those from home.

2. Kindergarten materials. When I wa'S home on furlough, someone presented me with a case of used materials, which I have used ever since, and with the greatest plea'Sure, both to the children and myself, and to the pa.rents and friends.

3. Victrola a;nd records. When I was at home friends gave me a small one, size 11 x 8, using the regular Victrola Record'S, small enough to take itinerating in a houseboat, and of great

use and giving much pleasure both in the. home and in the school, to Ohinese as well 8iS foreigner.

4. The Lesson Picture Rolls. These are of invaluable help, in evangelistic meetings for women and children, in the school, m Sunday-schoQls, for itinerating in city and country, for gifts to pastors and evangelists and helpers. I have them mounted on thin wood roOds, ISO that they hang on the wall, and can be rolled and carried at will. And those printed now are so artistic and beautiful, that I have given them as gifts, at "Opening House" feasts, for wedding gifts, and otherwise. The walls of my school are adorned with these, and every guest on entermg, exclaims at their beauty, giving us an opportunity to Jell the story to the Chinese. And they are in constant use for teaching the Bible. Of the last lot sent to me, one roll I kept uncut, as it was the Life .of Christ, and in the Special Week of Evangelism at the China New Year, when we were holding meetings for non-Christian women and children, I used this roll to tell this wonderful story, and the picture of Christ on the Cro'Ss brought instant silence in the room, and moOre than one exclaimed, "Ka kw'u" "how bitter." Nearly all our chapels have these pictures hanging on the walls, the Chinese mounting them very neatly for about ten cents each. This year I' have had many tens of these done in this way.

5. Used Postcards, with. the writing covered neatly with white paper, s,o that a verse from the Bible can be written on. We use many thousands of these in city and country, and thus scatter a bit of Scripture which may bear much fruit. The children, and even men and women, eagerly ask for these.

6. The beautiful Pictures used to illustrate the Beginners' Lessons. These are most useful in teaching the Bible lessons, both in the Kindergarten and children's Sunday-schools; and also in Bible Classes they can be framed for gifts to the Chinese, to hang on their walls, where now often the only pictures are the advertisements of British and American Tobacco Companies.

7. Christmas Boxes. Most beautiful dolls have been sent me by friends and societies f.or the children here ever since I came out, but now that these are unprocurable, I will send you a list of what came to me la;st year and the year before, which made my heart rejoice and my feet almost dance, with the thought of the pleasure they were going to give the children. .A great many of these things came from the Five and Ten Oent Store, and a shower from that 'Store will do any missionary's heart good! Cakes of toilet soap, of which we cannot receive enough, facecloths, small towels, small bags with a few little things inside, crayons, tops, pocket knives, dolls, game'S, horse reins with bells, small col.ored books, handkerchiefs by the score, balls, a teddy

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

bear, a woolly dog, stamped squares with the colored cotton to work them, small stamped dres'Ses, children's hose, boxes of pencils and writing pads, paper dolls, a small flat iron, boxes of'

colored beads which the children love to string etc., etc. These boxes ought to be started long in advance to reach the mission- aries in time, but the amount of joy they give is well worth the cost of time and effort and money. – A small globe of the world would be of the greatest use in teaching the Chinese that the world is not fiat, this to be mounted on a standard.

8. Scraps of silk, velvet, [satin, cloth, print, percale, almost anything, left overs from dresses, secured from the tailor, or small shops, or from home, are of the greatest U:M. Always women are wanting these for making their shoes and shoes for the 'children, and small pieces four or five inches square or oblong are not too small, bright colors or dull or black, all will be used. Last year I bought a bundle of odds and ends from Montgomery Ward and Company, for ninety-eight cents, every piece of which made a garment, 'Small Or larger, for the Chinese children. Mission Bands at home, and Endeavor Societies could collect these pieces and have them sent out by mail or otherwise.

There, I think that will do for this time, and will give you a starter I A camera, v~st-pocket flash-light, indeed, almost any- thing under the sun that is of use at home can be put to greater use here. Soap, and more soap. Handkerchiefs, and more hand- kerchiefs.

Ningpo, China. :EDITH C. DICKIE.

Roderick MacLeod, of, Batang, Tibet, writes with much intere'St concerning the helpfulness of a phonograph which they have at that station. Dr. Loftis left this instrument behind. He says: "Some of the records are the charming songs of the Southland, songs that are full of human feeling and all hearts take to them. Grand marches pulsing with force and triumphs, songs of love that breathe forth the tenderes,t pas'Sion of human hearts and the hymns of praise that waft to heaven the emotions of the Christian spirit. This instrument brings much gladness to our lives. Last night as I sat and listened, I thought of that good man, Dr. Loftis, who had brought such delightful mu'Sic to this far off land."

LITERATURE NEEDED INMABIA A missionary in Arabia writes that the gifts from home that he has appreciated most, and that have contributed most to the efficiency of his service, have been those which have made

possible the continual purchase of books and the sUbscription to magazines. He continues: "The missionary is faced with the necessity of providing him- self with magazines and books along three lines all the time.· First his technical works, medical or theological or educational magazines, books, etc. There are no libraries in Arabia and it is a safe statement that no doctor at least should take less than half a dozen of the leading medical maga.zines, and buy at least two or three books a year. They cost lots of money. Secondly books and magazines dealing with missionary news, policy, and progress. They do not cost as much as those listed under the first heading, but you can not get them for nothing. Finally no missionary c'an afford to deprive himself entirely of some light reading for recreation both of the magazine type and lighter books, any more than can a man at home. If people at home appreciated just how short rnissionaries frequently are along these lines, there would be fewer missionaries who grow stale for the lack of means for keeping in touch with things as they are at home."

Bahrein, Persian Gulf. P. W. HARRISON.

Another missionary from the same field endorses this re- 'quest, ,saying: "Books and magazines make most acceptable gifts. No mis'Sionary is ever able to afford as many as he would like, and nothing else is so necessary to keep us in touch with the life and thought of the world. Subscriptions to any of the standard weeklies, monthlies or quarterlies, either general, missionary, popular, 'scientific, educational, travel or children's (the latter especially for those of us who are in school work or who have children of our own), make a gift to a missionary which is un- equalled. Most missionaries are far from libraries and reading rooms, and the best of the new books are doubly appreciated by people living in the .outposts of civilization.

"Victrolas and records are always a much used and prized adjunct to the work of those who are fortunate to possess them.

.B'or the marching and gymnastics of the school girls, to entertain a group of Mohammedan lady callers, to give a treat to' the boarding school boys in the evening, to play in a hospital ward, as well as for the pleasure of the missionary family and their guests, they 'earn their passage' many times over."

Busrah, Arabia. DOROTHY VANEss.

FOR SOU'l'H ,AMERICAN WORKERS In sending thing's into a country like Colombia, South Amprica, one must remember the exorbitant tariff duties. Some dear

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

903 people in the States once sent us a parcel of little garments for the children, bed-linen, etc. They marked the value of the parcel as $11.00, and paid all the postage which they thought would be due on it. When the parcel arrived we had to pay $17.00 to get it out of the post office. Then, as these friends had forgotten the ages of the children, few of the things fitted. Although they refunded us the money we paid for the parcel, the value of the contents did not equal the price paid. Things sent by freight are much worse. A 'Pair of silk socks sent in a box .of toys for the children, made us 'Pay duty on the whole box as though all the contents were silk-equal to duty on six hundred 'Pairs" of silk socks. There have been many times when I would have been most grateful for a 'Paper of good pins, or a wonderful package of needles, such as department stores at home sell for five or ten cents. Pins here are five for a cent, and are so ineffective that they will pas'S through nothing without bending or breaking. Needles come in tiny pill boxe,s, two f.or a cent, and always rusty. They are not more than two-thirds the length of a re- spectable needle. An egg-beater would be an undreamed-of lux- ury to us in the depths of Colombia. We take with us from the States everything that we think we shall need for three or four years. Perhaps you can imagine how successful you would be at that-if you felt that you could do no shopping for three years, and had to buy ahead.

We are alone in our station and can never enjoy anything that could be called recreation-no lectures, no music, no play time of any sort. So we depend absolutely upon the little reading that we can do to keep us from the insane asylum. Friends have sent us a few magazines after they had read them and we were most grateful. If there were those who would send us some of the high class magazines we would be happy. In "Bogota I once saw a young woman, a missionaTY, cry because the book her friend had promised her for Christmas, proved to be a discussion of Paul's ~eology. She said, "Doesn't she know that I have not seen a new book of good fiction for four years. I must get away from religious reading now and then." I would not dare say how many good missionaries feel the same way. Not necessarily " best sellers" or new novels are desired. Most of us have outgrown a desire for these, but a new book of travel or biography or science or humor, something that is not of a, religious nature sometimes is desired above all else. Books written about the country where we are working-by those who have visited our land, books of travel anywhere, or any good di.scussion of current affairs-these are the books for. which our souls long. When we find that we must forget the misery about us, and must forget our own problems for a little while, we are often driven to read~

904 ing-for perhaps the fourth or fifth time-sonre book of Dickens, or Van Dyke-yet the desire is often strong for something more connected with affairs of today. There is never a library and there is nowhere one may borrow. .

Books and magazines are entered in our country free of duties, unless they come by registered mail. We do not sit down to read every day, but there are moments; sometimes at table, often when the children a,re -sick and need watching, or we ourselves are ill, and unable to leave our beds-then we gather togther all the material at hand and feast. We have to have something to help us keep our balance and not become fanatical or intolerant.

Bucaramanga, Colombia, So. Am. MAUDE NEWELL WILLIAMS.

FROM CENTRAL AMERICA Many things that would be most useful in one country wouM be only a burden in another and many things which oould be obtained only from the United States in certain sections can easily be obtained on the field in other parts. Here in Guatemala for instance clothing and shoes may be obtained much cheaper than in the United States. I always remember a nice overooat 'Sent to my wife on which we had to pay $12, duty. The same coat could have been purchased here for $7.50. In some other fields that coat Inight have been a godsend.

For the home in Guatemala we need to buy from the United States or Europe: Crockery, Glass, Silverware, rugs, pictures and above all books, and magazines. We have so many calls for every cent of salary on the field that we feel we must let these things go. Then too we get out of touch with the life in the home land. On a sleepless night there is nothing like a book. The long waits which occasionally occur, the long rides on horseback or on the train, the moments between visitors, all can be utilized by the Inissionary with his book. It even occurs sometime that a missionary is put in prison. It happened to me once but the weary hours passed swiftly away as I read Chapter after Chapter of George Barrows "The Bible in Spain" which a kindly aunt had sent me and which I had carried along in my pocket when I left on that tour.

For the Churah and Sunday School: Our people are easily appealed to through· the eye. All .sorts of picture cards, picture rolls, charts and maps, are useful.

Towrs: On a tour one always travels as light as possible, but two things must always accompany the missionary, his toothbrush and his fountain pen. Both come from the U. S. A., both tend to wear out or get 'lost. I have never met a missionary who was over supplied with either of these commodities. The

SOME TlUNCS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

fountain. pen is a source of never ceasing wonder to the native'S who can never contain their surprise that it writes ink without being dipped in an inkstand. The tooth brush is a little better known but if the missionary does not have his own he is likely to be invited to use the family toothbrush of his host, which they tell me is considered unhygienic in the United States today.

Quezaltenango, Guatemala. PAUL BURGESS.

A BOOK SHOWER FOR FILIPINO SCHOOL-Boys Miss Suman of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society writes from the Philippines to ask if any friends can supply supplementary reading matter f.or her High ~chool pupils. The required list of supplementary reading includes the following books: The Young Pitcher, Grey; Hawthorne's Biographical Stories; Blue Fairy Book; .<Esop's Fables, Ed. by Jacob; Little Journeys, Flanagan; The Dog of Flanders, Louise de la Ramee; Red True Story Book, Andrew Lang; Pluck on the Long Trail, Sabin; Character the Grandest Thing in the World, Marden; For the Honor of the School, Barbour; Pollyanna, Porter; Tales from Shakespeare, La;mb; Abraham Lincoln, Baldwin; The Long Trail, Gardner; Stories of Useful Invention, Forman; Mother, Norris; Success, Marden; The Alhambra, Irving.

Money can be sent for books by post office order or books can be sent anywhere– "t regular second cla.ss postage rates. .

IN THE CENTER OF AsIA MINOR In my school work I have found very useful a model of the Tabernacle with the camp of Israel 'Surrounding it. This has been exhibited to my own Bible classes in the 'College Department, to the Grammar School classes as they have come to the subject in their work, to the Primary classes in Sunday-school,and even to' groups of students in the Boys' High School. In working with young women I have been glad to· own certain books written in simple English, but with good wholesome tone, which I can either read aloud to girls or lend to them for their own perusal. Many a time have I read Miss Alcott's "Little Women" and Mrs. Prentiss' "Flower of the Family" to girls who have almost no access to books, but who are eager to hear how other girls live. . To myself personally, and to some of my mis'Sionary associates a dressmaker's form is most desirable. Mine is a pneumo-form, to be inflated to fit any waist lining, and with a standard adjustable to any height. It folds up into .a box fifteen inches square and three deep. With this help, dressmaking becomes a pleasure, and in a land where neither dressmakers nOr ready nmde clotl;ling are obtainable, this is truly a valuable part of my equipment. For social gatherings, it is helpful to have some games for the youngsters, such as ring tos'S, crokinole or parchesi, and for

the older ones authors or lagomachy. Friends have sent post cards by the hundreds which I have used in a multitude of ways. One batch had wall paper pasted on the back-a most satisfactory way to prepare them for use.

Harput, Asia Minor. MARY W. RIGGS.

IN THE LAND OF THE PHARAOHS With regard to things most useful in our work shall I name those for personal use first ~ Books and magazines are at the head of the list, from the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and those of devotional character to those of practical hints for housekeeping, dressmaking, etc. Christmas time usually pro- vides handkerchiefs and towels, but never too many. Every missionary should have a typewriter, but many still find them listed among the impossible luxuries, when they are, in fact, life savers and time conservers.

Books again head the list as gifts for pupils in the day schools, from the simplest illustrated story books to the whole- some stories suitable for older pupils. O!ne could keep in close tORch with the graduates by having a little circulating library of one's own. The missionary can suggest readings to fill up the lonely hours of those who return from the positive, Chris- tian atmosphere of the mis.sion school to non-Christian homes.

A Moslem graduate wrote me in appreciation: "Thank you again for all those lovely books. I have finished 'George Mliller' only today. How I admire such a man, and hope to make my life like his. Yes, it is wonderful the way he prayed for some of his fri'ends."

Gotton blankets form part of the equipment in the Girls'

College. They are not to be had in the market in Egypt and must be supplied from America.

Cairo, Egypt. ALDA B. ATCHISON.

MOTOR CYCLE AND A STEREOPTICON IN AFRICA Not long ago I took a trip down on the Eaawo'o Road to visit village schools and do some itinerating. I took the lantern along and gave several evening talks on the life of Ghrist with the help of the slides. The people enjoy these meetings very much, a.s there is so little to be read and 'So few who can read, but pictures they can all enjoy. One of my recent j,ourneys was made easier by the loan of Mr. Neal's Indian motorcycle. I made the trip to Kribi, 66 miles, in three hours, and came back with ease and comfort. It would otherwise have taken me two days each way at least. It is a great help in getting around the field and attending to churches and schools. The machine has a rear car also, which

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES'NEED

will enable me to take Mrs. Reis and the children along with me on some of my trips.

West Africa. JACOB A. REIS.

·Qne of the most primitive fields is in Central Africa where almo"St anything from a civilized land is a boon. A bicycle is almost a necessity. Mr. George Schwab of Metet, West Africa, writes: "We jump on a wheel, or a motor .cycle, and off we are. ~'here are so many miles to cover or points to visit in so many hours or days. There is no other way, unless more men can come. The school ooys come by hundreds. We can scarcely do more than call the roll in "School, when we must off to some other task. Is it any wonder we are becoming amazed a,t the product of our effort 7 There are many calls for teachers and evangelists from so many' headmen beyond our outposts. There came boys recently from a school which is six days walk from here, with a request from a chief a day· beyond them, that I send "Someone with 'the Life.' "

FORDS IN SIAM AND PERSIA A Gospel Ford sent to Dr. and Mrs. Campbell of Chieng Mai for missionary work receiVEd a cordial reception, more than twenty native carpenters giving their labor to build a garage. In several of the districts the Christians have volunteered to repair the roads leading to their village. GIn one Sunday the car carried two missionaries and three native pastors to the waiting congregations. Th~ man who stood guard over the car during the services improved the time by placing two hundred po:r:tions of the Scriptures in the hands of non-Christians. Three cottage prayer meetings were also conducted by the party, two of them in houses that had never witnessed a Christian service before.

From Persia Rev. Dwight M. Donaldson writes: "We have got the first news of the things that are "coming by freight. A telegram has come saying that forty-nine boxes have arrived in Karachi, India, and asking how they should be "Sent on to Persia. Possibly I shall have to go by motor transport for 800 miles to the terminus of the railroad and organize a caravan there to bring the first freight ever to come from America to Meshed. Coming back I will probably ride in the Ford car sent by the Men 's Bib~e Class of the New Castle Church."

FROM A MEDICAL MISSIONARY IN INDIA "0 for a motorcycle to take me around on my distant calls! Sakina (my helper) and I are out on a "case," 20 miles from home and no train u,ntil 10 p. m. It is now 7 p. m. and I am sitting on my feet trying to keep them warm. We have driven from

a village five miles away, bump, bump, bump, in a native cart (a "tum tUm") over a bad road hoping to catch the 4:15 p. m. train, but we missed it by ten minutes. A baby's life has been saved so that it ha'S been a good day's work even if it has' taken us from 12 p. m. to 12 a. m. to do it. A motor cycle would have cut the time down to three hours away from the hospital and a side-car would have taken my helper with me. Do you remember how I simply "bellowed" for a motorcyiCle, and that motorcycle is the joy pf my existence. I have sent a long list of what we need in the hospital,-sheets, clothing, etc.; and in another list I have cried aloud for a high power microscope and bed pans. The books that I really need most are Bible literature. It is perhaps strange, but I have been buried in medical literature for a good many years, and need some help in Bible Study.

Ambata City, India. ELIZBETH LEWIS.

A MISSIONARY'S SUMMARY A sy;stematized list of' things that a missionary in most lands needs, but which Callnot readily be procured on the field, is found in the following fairly coinplete summary from China.

FOR GENERAL MISSIONARY WORK.

A folding camera is almost a necessity, whether for regular work or for special things, as it adds to reports and letters to have pictures.

Typewriter. A light, small typewriter is mO'st convenient, and makes letters and reports less of a burden to those who write, and those who read them. .

Bicycle. Whether itinerating or in a large city like Peking, the bicycle saves an enormous amount of time. A' friend sent eight for the use of our Chinese helpers, and they increased the number of villages they could visit in a month in a marvel- ous way. With a wheel the country paths in China are pass- able, even when cart roads are not."

F01Jhl,tain Pen. This is practically indispensable for all mis- sionaries, men and women alike. , A Compact Toilet Case and Compact Writing Pad are a great comfort in the frequent long journeys.

A Wrist Walch with reliable time-keeping qualities is a great convenience. In winter one wears so much clothing and in summer so little, a safe place for a watch i'S always a problem. .

A Traveler's Medicine Case. On long journeys, away from doctors, one must carry along certain standard remedies. A clinical thermometer is needed also. A Mimeograph. There is constant need for programs, ex- amination papers, notices to helpers, etc. Printing is expen'Sive and Chinese copyists very slow.

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

FOR ITINERATING WORK A Folding Rubber or CanvalS Bath Tub, and folding wash basin. On a month long trip, the bath tub is a necessity in China, and a wash basin has always to be taken. The danger from eye infection is so great that we never use any other than our own basins.

A CanvalS Tent large enough to hold a cot or two insures one against the danger of tubercular infection at inns, and the vermin that infest these places.

A Folding Army Cot secm:es one a comfortable bed when sleep on a hard brick floor might prove impossible.

A Baby Organ may be taken from one place to another. in the country and assist much in teaching the tunes, a'S well as in attracting a crowd to services.

A Small Alcohol Lamp may make a quick, palatable meal possible when traveling where inns are poor or do not exist at all.

·CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR LETTERS BY REV. J. C. KOENIG, LEPER ASYLUM, CHANDKURI, INDIA As to Christmas gifts, money is certainly more acceptable than the average merchandi3e. Nearly everything sent can be bought cheaper locally, especially if the shipping 'expense is counted. A few toys, pictures, cholies, mufflers and socks are acceptable, but even they can be had just as well here and the shipping expense saved. I would like to have for Christmas, first of all $50.00 for a Christmas dinner. We have always given meat, potatoes, cocoanuts and sweets on this day.

For presents I would like tops for the children, cholies for the women, and cholies, mufflers aT socks faT the men. I can buy toys at a small cost and have cholies made locally for 20 cents apiece. .We need about 300 cholies per year. Of the knitted wool mufflers or socks for the men about 200 would be needed. The knitted wool mufflers are certainly very acceptable but must be very expensive. I can have muffiers made here of flannel, at the cost of 20 cents each.

Blankets costing 89 cents, coats costing 24 cents, and saris costing 36 cents are always needed by the Asylum Inmates. Gifts that would be very much appreciated but that I have never been able to supply are sandals, spoons. plates, and tumblers. Sandals as worn here come to about 25 cents each and would be a great boon to the Lepers to protect their sore feet and their band- ages and to help them to get about. Plates and tumblers of enamel ware come to about 10 cents each and would be very acceptable gifts, and spoons would be doubly acceptable as our Lepers have such difficulty to eat in the native fashion with their fingers. Metal ones for bowls can be had for 5 cents apiece.

For my office I greatly need a new typewriter. Myoid machine is almost useless. All is well in the Asylum. We now have 435 Lepers, 18 Leper children, and 60 untainted children. Last month 60 Lepet men and women were baptized. Our new boys' home is finished and is a splendid building. Two new women's wards will be finished by the end of the year.

TRAVEL WHERE THERE ARE NO AUTOS OR

The bicycle or motorcycl e often do ubl es a missionary's us efuln ess by increasing his territory an d facilitating travel TO TEACH THROUGH EYE-GATE BIBLE PICTURE ROLLS SOME THINGS YOU CAN SEND TO MISSIONARIES Equipment that makes work more fruitful at home and abroad 910

® @ ~……….B..:.E..S._ T M~ ETH……O….._D"S•._ .,,~O

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK NINE BEST MEETINGS A missionary meeting does not have to be dull and insipid in order to be orthodox.

Some leaders never have to urge the attendance of their mem- bers from the standpoint of duty. Instead they devote all their time to the preparation of programs no one will want to miss.

An old farmer who was attending a church convention chuckled to himself as he read over the subjects on the program.

"See here, parson," he said to his pastor, "there's one thing always amuses me about the way you church people go at the busi- ness. You've had papers and discussions all day on how to get people to attend your meetings. I've never heard a single address at a farmer's convention on how to get the cattle to come up to the rack. We put all our time on the best kinds of feed. I sort of have a notion that if you put more time on discussing what to put in the rack you wouldn't have to spend all that time discussing how to get your folks to attend."

Twenty-five leaders who have been especially successful were asked: "What was your best meeting?"

Their answers will help to furnish material and suggestions for many other good meetings.

i' II : iI I I A RECOGNITION MEETING .ers, King's Heralds, and Little Light Bearers, all combined. When a church having a total membership of 1100 members, with By a ten days' Drive, 435 new members were added to our mis- 490 members in its various mis- sionary family.

sionary organizations adds 435 new Celebrating this wonderful achieve- ment, a Recognition Meeting was members to the missionary societies, planned,-a great get-together occa- sion. Four committees were appointmost likely some one has been at ed to plan the four features of the program: work. Grace Methodist Church, First, Auxiliary Hour, from 4 to 5 Zanesville, Ohio, did this very thing. o'clock.

All of the missionary organizations Second, Children's Hour, from 5 to 6 o'clock. pulled together. Then they had a Third, Social Hour, to which all old four hour recognition meeting in and new members were invited, many men having become extension members. which all the societies took part. Fourth, Young People's program, 7 :30 Mrs. O. N. Townsend who led the to 9 o'clock.

hosts to victorv describes this best For the afternoon meeting beauti- meeting: . ful and appropriate decorations were Members of our foreign missionary organizations. numbered 4~O-Auxiliary, Regular, ~nd Extension Mem- bers, Young 'Women, Standard Bear- 911

placed in the Sunday-school room, with satisfactory provisions for everyalso in the Lecture Hall for all e:}{er- body's comfort. cises after five o'clock. Supper over and the dining-room Long tables were conveniently closed off, all were comfortably seated. placed. A substantial, self-served supper was paid for as members Young PeoPle's Hour. passed the cashier's desk. Through The District President presiding. organization leaders, a fair estimate A short greeting extended to new memwas obtained of the number to be provided for. This plan worked ad- bers. mirably. Nothing was solicited and Response by one of the men. thirty-five dollars .remained after The Standard Bearers contribution was paying all expenses, including decorations. a playlet, "The Saturday Basket Club," a stunt in which Six or eight girls took The Social Committee called to its part. help a goodly number of women and girls, secured a caterer and this part The Young Women followed with an of the celebration was without con- original demonstration called "The Secrefusion or uncertainty and more than tary's Dream." conformed to the standard of never serving any church supper, the ex- America, in costume, received reprepenses of which shall exceed 30% of sentatives of various nations, heard their the gross proceeds. The balance was· story of despair and pleading. divided among the five organizations and added to our fund for Medical The Secretary, asleep under the even- – Equipment. iug lamp-awakened to receive four little fairies in costume, with telegrams from PROGRAM the Membership Marshal saying, "We will answer our share of the World's Auxiliary Hour. Devotional· period of heart-_cry." rare beauty. The Auxiliary,· the Young People, An appropriate solo. the King's Heralds, and the Little Medical Missions, stressed by demon- Light Bearers, have enlisted 435 stration, in costume: "Who bids for my more to help work for the extension Sign." of the Kingdom of our Lord and His Impressive word picture of the home Christ. base, by a member. Clever Sketch, by two members, (in MARY TowNs]i:ND. lighter vein). Zanesville, Ohio Recognition of new members. Greeting by the President. THE BEST MEETING Roll Call by groups (standing to respond). It was not the meeting when the Contingent offering. Missionary creed. most tears were shed, nor was there Hymn. evidence of great emotion. It was in Adjournment, to Lecture Hall. a little Upper Room when fifty or more radiant young women-some of Children's Hour. them calling themselves "The Rain- March of King's Heralds and Little bow Division"-had been dining to- gether, and now were talking of the Light Bearers, singing. missionary service to which many Two or three short r~citations and one had pledged themselves. One blessed girl said, referring to some recently musical ·number. gained knowledge and insight: P;)ntomime, "March of the Mites," illus- "Oh, I didn't know before that trating use of the mite box. missionary work was like this." Grouping all the children about her, a Just what opened her eyes ami young mother with a child in her arms, heart I am not certain, but in that told the story of "Other Children." moment something stirred in ·the hearts of those who listened, and Another mother sang soft1y-a tiny hoy made even the most indifferent won-· repeated, "The Flaymate of Nazareth," as der what it really was like anyway a closing prayer. to be enlisted in this service.

Social Hour. So many among us do not know A great big splendid fiamity gathering what is the real reason why there are those in our churcl!es who do not

192O} BEST METHODS

care about missi{)ns, and I verily be- On the day of the meeting she lieve that if we carried some of the joy and enthusiasm of this beautiful blocked off sections of the seats, girl into our service we would draw more people, young and old, into tying signs on the ends of canes, these missionary ranks. fastening the canes to the backs of That meeting was such a happy one. Once in a while when tempted certa-in chairs tQ designate these to grow a bit discouraged I recall the radiant face and the ringing words divisions: "Mothers," "Grandmothof this "Rainbow girl"-"I didn't know it was like this"-and then I ers," "Aunts," "S. S. Teachers,' and just take a deep breath and say to myself: "It is like this, and I am "Junior Leaders," "Sisters," "Neighglad to be enlisted." Washington, D. C. bors" (this last to include all the CLOTILDA LYON McDOWELL. left-over ladies!) There was a cer- MISSIONARY PLAY-TIMES DEMON· tain degree ~f amusement in finding STRATE)) proper seats;-:-Boy Scouts were ush- The Wide-Awake-Friend wrote me that someone had sent her a certain ers. Ten boys and girls of assorted little book about missionary playtimes and story hours, and she knew ages sat spellbound on the side rows it would revolutionize the ladies in her church if somebody could only (so the- audience could see the spell work up a program on it, and proved why that somebody should be-my- working, you know!) None of the self! So the program was made and sent, and even though I live to demonstrations had been rehearsed, be a hundred, never again will a program of mine create such a stir, as it seemed safe to count on the for she added frills and furbelows of her own, and wrote me that her proper reactions from anyone under "ladies" reacted exactly as she wanted, "and then some!" twelve! -.

For invitations she secured long 1. They opened with "I Think strips of colored paper from her church printer, gratis, and pasted at When I Read,"-mothers and grandthe top adorable little boys and girls from magazine advertisements, being mothers sang one verse; teachers and laundered with Luxor powdered with talcum, or dining on jellies and leaders another; aunts and neighbors cakes! Underneath she typed. the third; the children themselves the "Of course you know one! Somehow, everybody's bound to be fourth.

either aunt or S. S. teacher, 2. With this spirit in the air a mother or neighbor, sister or Junior leader to some delightful young woman came and sat in a little child,-and bigger ones, too! So we know you will enjoy our chair on the platform with children absolutely novel program on (date) on squatting around her on the floor, as "*The School of Mother's Knee" she recited the verses of "Alma (There will be solos, exercises, demonstrations by children and Mater" found on page 10 of the grown-ups•• You will love it) book to be reviewed that day-"The School of Mother's Knee :-"

"The oldest university Was not on India's' strand, Nor in the valley of the Nile Nor on Arabia's sand; From time's beginning it has taught And still it teaches free Its learning mild to every child- The School of Mother's Knee.

The Bible Reading followed,-II Timothy 1 :3-6; with a talk to moth- ers and all others, gleaned from pages 11-16 of the book referred.to, show- ing the divine place that play has in forming habits of sympathy, fair play, cooperation and friendliness, and how missionary playtimes are doubly fascinating to clinch the need ~f the world with the fun of "being someone else."

4, Sentence prayers followed.

5-. Then an un~unced solo.

while all heads were still bowed: 8. Then followed a never-to-be- "A Mother's Hymn," (page 210 for forgotten scene when another wee words and'music source). child in an irresistible "nightie" knelt 6; After which the fun began, at her feet and repeated after her when my Wide-Awake-Friend her- "So Many" (page 49) naming the self started the play demonstrations. ten fingers one at a time for the First came "Copy-Cats and Chatter- Christ-less countries. While still Boxes" (Chapter I.); she sat at a kneeling, som.eone stood beside them low table on the platform jingling a and recited "My Altar" (page 38) Box, and summoned a shy little and gave a one-minute review of the Four-Year-Old to come up and join chapter on bed-time prayers and her. The jingling won him! He stories; after which the pretend~ wanted the thing in that Box! And mother gathered up the little kneel- everyone heard him ·chuckle as he ing child into her arms and told .drew out a little bullock cart, made about the "Little girl who never used from two spools, a tiny box, a curve a button." (page 45.) of white paper and a piece of string. 9. Having thus briefly proved that She told him to drive it around the missionary play-times are feasible table, which he promptly did, while for small children, another speaker she explained that a Chatter-Box in took the Junior age, and proved "The home or school has a new missionary Mysterious Charm of Bundles"

plaything added every day (or Sun- (Chapter III.) by calling a nine- day) thus forming a continued story: year-old girl to the platform, hand- a nurse from a magazine advertise- .ing her a note and reading aloud ment might come, after the bullock directions for her to look behind the cart; then a little hut, made from a piano for a package, which she did box plus a cone-shaped roof; a sick with much excitement, unwrapping Hindu doll; a bed .for a hospital. a Chinese doll with a scrolly letter Before everyone's eyes Four-Years- attached containing further direc- Old dragged the dear nurse in the tions to find a Chinese house, etc.

cart to the hut, collected the patient (Pages 53-66.) At this point every and dragged him gently, oh so gent- child in the room was on tip-toe ly, to the little bed (made from a around the little girl. "You see!" said box with the lid fixed just so; my the demonstrator significantly. And "Wide-Awake-Friend" showed them the audience saw!

how, from page 137 of the book.) 10. "Dressing-Ups" to be Hindus, After the Chatter-Box came a Jack- Chinese, Immigrants, and Alaskans in-the-Box for another F our-Year- came next ( Chapter VI.), and Old, and a Copy-Cat for another, so showed how mere left-overs were that missionary pictures could be quite sufficient for "missionary"

traced through thin paper. She clothes, and how "S. A. T." (Society moved this table to a corner of the for Adopting Twins) gave a splendid room where those three youngsters outlet for teen-age activities.

played contentedly for over half an 11. Meanwhile the Boy Scouts had hour, obviously captivated. And the "fidgets,"· so Chapter XI. had their mothers were seeing it, too, of its inning, and the boys and girls course! played "Looping the World," trying 7. This was in March, so she to loop missionary heroes, whpse used one of the missionary flower names were written on rubber jar playthings suggested on page 34. circles, on hooks, labelled as coun- Holding a daffodil in her. hand she tries, ("Carey" must. go on India, had another Four-Yeal'-Old repeat "Livingstone~' on Africa, etc.) Other after her, into God's :Little Yellow games were. menti0rt~ 'then to .create Telephone -the .lovely ve~se ·:of "The quiet once more ; ., Whis~r Song." It)Vas be~uti£ull • 12. Missionary· scrap-books were ~-~.=..-="",~-.-"-=-~.'" -~–

BEST METHODS

begun, as suggested in Chapter VIII. ing. The Bible study was the ,Story on "Successful Rainy Day…" There of a Shipwrecked Missionary (Paul). was the Hungry Scrap-Book (pict- Then followed most interesting and ures of food, rice from China, tea informing talks which the girls had from Japan, sugar from Cuba) and prepared on "Ships. that Have the travel book (Gorikishas, sedan Sailed." The first one was on the chairs, bullock carts) etc. Sophia-Hedwig, the first missionary 13. While the pasting was in ship which carried Bartholomew progress, a third Demonstrator dis.- Ziegenbalg and Henry Pleutschau to played a shelf of missionary books India. Then followed stories of every family should own, and plead- 1;Ians Egede's "Hope" and various ed for a "Once A Week Story Night" other ships that have fascinating (as in Chapter X.) stories but are little known. Six girls had six minutes each to tell of By this time everyone was seeing the ship assigned to them. They had the possibilities of such play-times: made so much advance preparation their fun, their simplicity, their sig- their talks were sparkling with innificance. My "Wide-Awa~e-Friend" terest. wrote it was rich to see the audience nodding its hats and craning Ten minutes was given to a stirring its necks and wiping its eyes! talk on "Cargoes that Shame Us," "Something good will come of this," dealing with the intoxicants and idols she wrote. sent from. Christian America to non- They closed by having everyone Christian lands, and to the tourist stand to read in unison from the parties and business men who have blackboard "My Crown" (Page 170.) been so thoughtless and Godless in their influence. "The only crown I ask, dear Lord, to wear The special offering was gathered in baskets made in the s.hape of Is this-that I may help a little child. ships. I do not ask that I should ever stand New Y o r k E ; . M;.B. Among the wise, the worthy, or the great; I only ask that softly hand in hand GIVING A ~IISSIONARY MESSAGE TO A child and I may enter at Thy gate."

They sang "Saviour. Like A Shep- THOUSANDS herd Lead Us" as a benediction; and the children scampered up to their Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is one of the cities that makes city-wide misrespective mothers and aunts and sionary plans. Recently several teachers crying: "Couldn't I please thousand of its people gathered on the beautiful west slope of Buchanan have a little doll like this to play Park to witness *The Striking of with." America's Hour, a pageant of. Chris- tian liberty. More than three hun- MARGARJ<:T T. ApPL!<:GARTH.

A SHIP AHOY MEETING dred people took part in the presenta- Our best meeting last year was our tion of the pageant. Silhouetted Missionary Ship Meeting which was against the sky-line just over the held by the young women. The invi- ridge were the towers of Franklin tations were tiny ships cut out of and Marshall College and the magthin card board' with invitations writ- nificent trees of the campus. A ten on the back. A 'large poster chorus of two hundred voices . sang with ship announcing day and hour "How Lovely are the Messengers" of sailing hung in the vestibule for from Mendelssohn's St. Paul. A two weeks before the date of meet- sextette of contralto voices rendered .* The School of Mother's Knee-A Book .qf Bach's "Strike, Strike, Thou Long World Wide Playt'mes by MarUM'et T. Apple- . Look~d for Hour." . ,Then· the garth p"bluhed. hill. Women's Americs1l Bopti.rl 1J.:uqJpeters ,summoned' the Spirit '<if ~:~k:gj,ri~.r1i1o':.Y Socid::;, ,27~: Fi't~. Avtt_#_.N~w Brotherhood with Li~ty. and. Jus-

ike bdore whom the nations of the hie invitations in the shape-of card9"'"

earth passed. for judgment. N-ever- with a flashing solitaire cut from a to-be-forgotten was the impression jewelry catalogue pasted thereon.

made by the great empires of the Underneath the ring was printed, past as they slowly ascended the "Your engagement is announced for sloping hill-side – Egypt, Greece, June meeting of Missionary Society, Babylonia and Rome-all summoned Friday at three thirty." At the bot- to judgment and condemned because tom was printed "Brides from Many they did not set their own people Lands will Attend."

free and did not send out the true The program was made up of im- light to lighten the world. personations. A girl dressed in There was great enthusiasm at the Chinese costume told how she had entrance of America preceded by: been betrothed, a little widow from ten handmaidens. India' gave a touching impersonation.

The Striking of America's Hour An African, a Japanese, a Korean, was made impressively evident by the and a Mohammedan bride followed.

pleas of those who look to her for The girls had studied their pa,rts light. well and while no words had been The pastor of a Lancaster colored assigned them they had made such a Baptist church made the plea for the thorough study of the customs it was negro in America. A large group of easy for them to impersonate' a girl immigrants followed by groups from of the land they represented. Very Japan, China, Korea, and other non- simple refreshments were served by Christian lands made impressiv~ the brides. Every one enjoyed the pleas. A negro girl who was an meeting and all of us had a deeper honor high school student led the insight into the customs of other group of more than twenty colored lands. The girls who had taken part people who sounded Africa's call. in the program were especially im- Not one among the thousands pres- pressed.

ent failed to catch the significance of New York. S. C.

America's closing words with the cross lifted high above her head, A NEW WAY OF STATING SOME OLD TRUTHS and a missionary message was given to many who are not reached in the The most unique and for that rea- son one of the best missionary meetusual circles. Nine denominations and thirty ings I have ever attended was given churches cooperated in the presenta- in the form of a little play entitled tion of the pageant which was direct- "Sara Speaks Out." Two of our ed by Mrs. C. N. McHose, chair- gifted members wrote the play, and man of the Missionary Committee its primary object was to enlist a of the Lancaster Y. W. C. A. and large number of participants not Miss Lebzetter, chairman of the usually heard from. The scene of the play was Sara's Religious Work Committee. Many of the societies that plan home; A group of women fresh only in a small way Illight use this from the afternoon's missionary suggestion for a community service. meeting stopped in to tell her about the program in the hope of enlisting JUNE ROSES AND MISSIONARY her interest. Instead Sarah gave BRIDES them a piece of her mind. She Our June meeting was best of all. assailed the society and the way The hostesses had sent out irresisti- meetings were conducted aqd the sort of programs they arranged.

Her criticism reflected. CUrrent -thought and gave opportunity for much information to be given on

BEST METHODS 91:7

both sides.. The various mIssIOnary Another plan successfully tried out magazines were all discussed and a for the same purpose was to conduct stimulating atmosphere aroused. the meeting as a school session with An amusing part of this play was members assigned to various classes, the' frequent confession ~ :terwards as history, geography, reading, s~el1made by those who too" ~….t that ing and music. The teacher may call they found themselves answering ~•. rlasst"s ill an order that will vary titudes and objections which the;' the program and ask questions which had securely held for years. she alone has seen. Mnsic and read- a The two necessary rehearsals pro- ing may bt given by individuals.

moted most friendly spirit and Columbus, O. MRS. C. B. RAYMOND. under the guise of a "play" many PLATES FOR NEARLY A THOUSAND valuable suggestions were given. BUSINESS WOMEN MRS. D. J. FLEMING. Chicago.

To step off of busy rushing Fifth A MISSION STUDY BEE Ave., New York, into an earnest How to Make the Chapter Study Gospel Service with nearly a thou- Interesting sand business women present is an experience not easily forgotten. They Several weeks before the meeting were not all present at the same send to each member a copy of fifty moment but came in about four in· or more carefully prepared ques- stallments.

tions on the chapter of the text The wonder of wonders about it book to be studied that day. Also is that it is not a "drive" nor a appoint two leaders who divide the "new broom" meeting. For three membership equally, each being re- years, week in and week out, sponsible for the presence of her through winter's cold and through, group. summer's heat, every Tuesday this At the time of the meeting, let noon-day meeting for business the room be as appropriately arid women has been held, first in Madi- attractively decorated as possible and son Square Presbyterian Church and the _table for presiding officer mid- then in Ma.rble.j, Collegiate.. Church… way between the sides of the room at At eleven o'Clock 'one 9rmore wome~ one end, with chairs for the oppos- of the committee are standing in the ing groups on either side. As the hall to welcome the girls who come ladies come in let the leader of each in to luncheon. Some of the most· group seat her members. prominent women of N~w York have When ready for the program let served 6n these commi~tees in the the chairman take. the chair of the, past three years. A, .business girl.

president and ask the questions of met a member of the .. committee on alternate sides mold-fashioned· the street some time ago and ex- spelling bee style. pressed her .. appreciation of the.· If the lesson is well prepared so luncheons. She said, "At first I, the questions do not fill the time, thought the ladies who were doing let the· chairman ask also general it had just taken it up as another missionary questions or questions. fad.. and they wQ!.ddsoon tire of it – concerning the organization and· anq· drop it. I havll been so sur~.

officers of the denomination to-which prised and delighted to have it kept, this auxiliary belongs. up in this way."

Let the losing side be responsible From eleven to two a good for an unusual presentation of the luncheon is served for twenty cents, next chapter. This has been succeSs- so that the business girls and women fully tried in smaller groups where in that vicinity may have the oppor- the text-book is being used for tunity of attending the noon-day gospel meeting.· The. ~aker for study.

each day makes four talks as the though· we have a walk of eight blocks.' girls come and go, according to their No. it is not only the food that calls lunch hour. us ! We find the speakers chosen by you very inspiring and interesting, and Mrs. J. E. L. Davis, the chair- it is not uncommon to hear little groups of girls discussing what was said by lhe man, who has led the work so won- speaker after their return to the office. derfully since its beginning, takes a Tuesday afternoons always seem so much few minutes with each group in happier and shorter just because we have memorizing and repeating Bible pas- heard some helpful message at mid-day. sages. Then there are ringing Gospel Nor is it uncommon to hear the girls in hymns with a song leader, and the the office humming hymns which were talk of ten or fifteen minutes. sung during the noon service."

The audience changes four times "I just want to say that I am very from twelve to two, while girls are happy in spirit and the answer is beconstantly slipping in and out quiet- cause i made my decision on April 10th. ly in order to meet their lunch and took MY LORD .AND MASTER INTO MY schedule. HEART AND I MEAN TO KEEP HIM THERE FOR Some of the letters and messages 1'HE REMAINDER OF MY l"nIE." that have come from business girls to the committee show how they "I look forward to my luncheon beappreciate this somewhat unusual cause it is always so dainty and clean, meeting. and everything you serve is delicious and so different from restaurant food. Al- "I want you to know how much the though I have mentioned the luncheon first, it does not hold the more imyoung ladies of the Ingersoll Watch Co., portant place in my mind. What really draws me, rain or shine, is the Iittie have appreciated the Business Women's chapel upstairs and our wonderful times there. If only I could make you under- Luncheon. Our girls were the first to stand what the sermons and singing have attend the luncheons when they were meant to me! Always it seems that the started in the Madison Avenue Center. ;peaker has some soecial message for me, They fairly lived from Tuesday to and I come out with a brighter view of Tuesday, and were more anxious to life, and a resolution to be kinder and hear the speaker than to eat their lunch, more thoughtful of those with whom I and, oh, the sad and disappointed hearts come in contact. There is just one more when we moved our New York office to point I wish to mention. Up until I 30 I rving Place. The first remark uttered attended your meetings, I had never read was 'We won't be able ·to attend th the Bible. I believed in it and con- Business Women's Meetings any more. sidered it rather "uninteresting" reading Don't you suppose it would be possible and preferred to have some one else read for them to hold the luncheons .some it and tell me about it. A few weeks ago place nearer our office? May I say I received a Testament from you, and thank you for myself. How my heart each evening I read a portion of it. I rejoices to know that Jesus Christ is really enjoy it now because I find the being lifted up before the business women people and places so rea1." of this city I' "

."Tuesday is always looked forward to by the girls of my office which employs from thirty to forty. On the average ahout twenty-five attend regularly, al-

Woman's Foreign Mission

J. , EDITED BY MRS, WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N.

PROGRAM OUTLINES FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS ON THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE Benediction. God be merciful unto us and bless us, Although no official reports of And cause His face to shine upon us, summer conferences have reached That Thy way may be known upon the editor it is evident that the at- earth. tendance was excellent and the in- Thy saving health among all nations. terest strong. Large quantities of lit- Psalms 67 :1, 2.

erature were sold, especially the' text PROGRAM TWO book by Mrs. Montgomery, "The Bible and Missions." From TwiHght to Dawn of Day'

Northfield regist'ered 1190 for the Introduction. week of July 9 to 16. In response Let leader call attention to ten figures to the request of many workers who prepare programs for auxiliary meet- of speech on pages 54, 55, 56, such as, ings we print here an outline for each "walking beside a deep river after folchapter, that will be equally well lowing a rill," "as a tree is rooted in suited to small and to large societies. They have been developed from the the ground," etc., and show value and lectures given at Northfield by Mrs. beauty of such metaphors. This makes Farmer who took the place of the author of the book. a connection with the preceding chapter. (S minutes) Program outlines for Missionary Meetings: Hymn. "0 Word of GOD Incarnate."

The Lord's Prayer. (Note the missionary spirit.) Define New Testament, consulting Dough- ty's "Efficiency Points." '

Let all read "Aim" (page 52).

(10 minutes) Four Blackboard Outlines.

PROGRAM ONE (4() minutes) Gr.P:AMS 01' MISSIONARY TRUTH Each topic to be developed in ten min- utes and followed by a prayer.

Devotional Service (15 minutes) Eight women. Lacking a board use Hymn. "Faith. of. our Fathers," large sheet 0 f paper on wall.

Reading. Psalm 119, Verses 105, 129, 1. Study of the Father-God as taught by 130, 132, IJ4, 135. John 15, Verses Jesus. (Pp. 56 to 60.) 7 to 16. a. Transcendent and immanent.

Prayer for increased study of God's b. Righteous and loving. word among Christians and not-yet c. Just and forgiving. Christians. d. Fatherly to all. Hymn. "Lead On, 0 King Eternal." Z. Study of the Kingdom. Topics~ (Pp. 60 to 71.) 1. General Plan of the Book. a. An old idea, spiritualized-Good Author, Aim (page 5), Definition of News.

Bible etc. (5 minutes) .h. A silent force. not a revolution. , 2. God's Plan in Law and in History. c. A universal hope. not a Jewish (Pp. 17 to 26.) 8 points with religion.

illustrations. (15 minutes) d. A delayed triumph.

3. Poetical Revelation. (Pp. 26 10 32.) 3. Study of Jesus as a missionary.

Ruth, Job. Psalms. (10 minutes) (Pp. 71 to 83.) A Bible Reading with Comments. a. ,Activities.

4. Twelve Messengers with Scrolls. (Pp. h. Commands.

32 to SO) (15 minutes) 4. Study of the Apostles as missionaries. (Pp. 83 to 89.) A Thought and a Quotation from each of 12 women. a. Antioch and the First Commission See Sargent's picture referred to on Service. page 43. b. Missionary Tours.

S. Discussion-Which book of the Old c. Stewardship of money and life.

Testament has the clearest mis- d. Strategy and Spirit of Apostolic sionary message? Closing Devotions- program.

The Apocalypse as a Missionary Message.

Hymn. "0 Zion, Haste." (Pp. 89 to 93.) (5 minutes) 919

Closing Devotions: 154 to 159.) (20 minutes) Let all read We:ymouths translation of Given by several women. • the Great CommissIon on page 78. 3. The Bible in the War. (Pp. 160 to Benediction as in Program 1. 163.) (5 minutes) 4. What one girl started. (Page 164.) PROGRAM THREE An International Agent of Evangelism (5 minutes) Pocket Testament League. (The Bible Translated.) . 5. How can we prove our interest?

(10 minutes) 1. Blackboard Exercue Open Forum. Discussion based on p. 165. Write on blackboard :!uotation from PROGRAM FIVE Dr. Mott. List of The Basis of Christian Civilization Ust of Versions. Church Fathers Sentence on hoard. (Page 169.) Septuagint Clement . "Imperfectly obeyed and only par- Syriac Polycarp bally known as the Bible teachings Armenian Tatian have been, they have laid the founda- Coptic Justin Martyr tions of all that is glorious in modern Latin Irenaeus civilization."

Ethiopic Eusebius 1. TOPics Gothic Cyprian . (1) A Message for the Nations. (Pp.

Explain the above and 'quote a few 167, 169) (5 minutes) choice sentences. (Pp. 96 to 100.) Human society-one great family.

(5 minutes) Nations are responsible to God. 2. Family Worship among early Chris- tians. (Pp. 97, 98.) Quotations from the Bible and other literature. Devotional service. (IS minutes) (2) Influence on the Arts. (Pp. 170, Hymn. "I love to tell the story." Reading. Isaiah 55:1 to en'd. 175) (5 minutes) Prayers for missionaries now doing "The mediaeval civilization was Bibli- translating work. cal at its base."

Prayers for Chinese learning the new (3) Influence on Law. (Pp. 171, 172) phonetic alphabet. '– (5 minutes) 2. Devotional Service. (15 minutes) Prayers for children in mission Hymn-"Open my eyes." schools. Story of Dr. Hamlin. Pages 168. '169. Hymn. "Let there be light." Read Isaiah 13 :19-22.

3. Work of Three Pioneer Translators. Matt. 25 :31-46: Judgment on Nations.

(Pp. 102, 101, 104.) Prayers for Near East for con- Uffilas. Jerome. Wyclif. (5 minutes) verts from Mohammedanism. for 4. Monologue of Iwdson's servant. churches in, the United States.

Dramatize page 112., (5 minutes) Hymn-"Saviour, Thy dying love." 5. Picture Gal/cry of Famous Trans- lators. (Pages 113 to 118) 3. Roll Call. Testimony as to Bible's , (10 minutes) influence.

6. Story of Book fished out of the water. 10 quotations from pages 173. 174.

(Page 118.) (5 minutes) , (5 minutes) 7. In Korea. (Pp. 121 to 125.) . Representatives of 7 countries. 176- 194. (5 minutes) (10 minutes) One statement each for India, Africa, 8. Difficulties and Successes. (Pp. 106, New Zealand, Islands, Korea, Japan, China. 107, 108, 111) (10 minutes) 4. Progress of National Ideals.

PROGRAM FOUR The Travels of the Book (15 minutes) A clear, forceful summary' of pages Put quotation from Joseph H .. Choate 176,195 withOut repeating statements on the blackboard, or let leader read given., above. This should be a strong it impressively at the opening of the meeting. . argument, proving the, uplifting influence Devotional Exercise of the Bible on human life., 3. '

Roll Call. Quotations from this chap- PROGRAM SIX ter especially page 162, 163.

Hymn. "We've a Story to tell to the The Leaves or the Tree Nations." , Introduction. (10 minutes) Prayers for colporteurs and Bible Literary· Influence of the Bible. Quote societies offered briefly by many. Goethe, McAfee. Topics ' Perennial interest of the Bible. (Pp.

1. High Cost of Bibles. (Pages 141 199, 200, 204) to 145.) (10 minutes) Public Libraries Mary Jones and her work. Literature 2. Snappy Stories of Colporteurs. (Pp. Readers-in Orient and Occident.

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

TOPics It caUs us to missionary work. 1. Literary Tools. (10 minutes) Proof of the Bible's missionary character is found in the poetical Mission Press. books.

Tract Societies. Speak of the gift of imagimdion. The value of poetry. Dr. Richard's Achievement. (Pp. lOS, 206, 208.) "David and the poets, out of the struggling earthly kingdoms, under 2. Literary Activities in China. . the tutelage of God's Spirit, were able from afar off to rejoice in (5 minutes) Messiah's reign and in the uni- versal worship of Jehovah." Periodicals. 1. Ruth and Job.

Newspapers. "While the lawgivers were becom- ing constantly narrower and more "Happy Childhood." bitterly nationalistic in their outlook, the men of imagination were writing (Pp. 209, 210, 220, 221.) the exquisite .$tory of Ruth, the Moabitess, a woman outside the 3. Dr. Pieter's Experiment. covenant, who chose God to be her GDd and His people her people, and Newspaper Evangelism in Japan. became an ancestress of· Israel's (Pp. 213, 214, 223) (5 minutes) Messiah King. Another great think- 4. The Singing Leaves. (Pp. 215 to 218) er was goipg to the Land of Uz to find an example of a true servant (10 minutes) of Jehovah in the person of Job." Solo: "In the Secret of His Pres- (Give a few quotations from the books.) ence." 2. The Universal Hymn book.- Statement as to author of words. Psalms. Read Psalm 98. Note missionary 5. A Modern Miracle. (10 minutes) thought. "No limitation short of hu- manity as a whole." Horton. China's Phonetic Alphabet. "Whoever were the human au- thors of .the Psalms, the real author (Pp. 224 to 228) was the Spirit of God. No human Dev&tional Service. poet or series of poets could have (10 minutes) produced a collection capable of ac- complishing such results as this has Thanksgiving for the Bible and its accomplished." influence. 3. Psalms.

Petition for its study and application. Quote following verses noting mis- Hymn. "0 .Word of GOD Incarnate." sionary application. 2 :8 ; . 22 :27,28 ; Benediction. . 67:1,2; 72:8 to 1l. 4. Psalms linked with Jesus, the THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS Messiah. A series of ten lessons based on Let one read the passages froln the Psalms and another the New Mrs. Montgomery's text book to be Testament passage printed opposite.

used by Westminster Guilds, Sun- Psalm 22: 1 Matthew 27 :46 Luke 23 :46 day School classes and other groups Psalm 31: 5 Matthew 21 :42 Psalm 118 :22, 23 Mark 14:29 has just been published and can Psalm 41: 9 be ordered from denominational boards or from the Board of Edu- catron, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The author believes that these studies will be of service to pro- gram-makers this fall, and therefore we print here the list of topics, as well as one of the lessons.

Study 1. Proofs of Missionary Char- acter in Law and History.

Study 2. Proofs of Missionary Char- acter in. the Poetical Books.

Study 3. The Missionary Message of the Prophets.

Study 4. Fundamental Revelations of Jesus.

Study 5. Life and Commands of Jesus the Missionary.

Study 6. Missionary Strategy of the Act. and Epistles.

Study 7. The Bible Translated. Study 8. The Bible Transported. Study 9. The Bible Transmitted. Study 10. The Bible Tr.ansfigured.

Stody Two S. Psalms linked with Peter and Patti. The Bible is GOD'S Mission Study Text-book.

In the same responsive way as Orient. This Christmas is going to bt: above read the following- an unusually empty one~ for the exile leper people, some of whom are -little Psalm 16: 8 to 10 Acts 2 :25 to Z1 children with little children's wistful hearts. Those orave miSSionary Psalm 69: 9 Romans 15: 3 workers are going to wonder if the Psalm 68:18 Acts 2:33 home folks really care. They are ,go- ing to feel more than ever before, any Psalm 2: 7 Acts 13:33 lack of Christmas gifts and the con- Psalm 45: 6, 7 Hebrews 1: 8, 9 stant lack of supplies and means suf- Psalm 22:22 Hebrews 2:12 ficient for the growing demands' upon 6. Topics for Discussion the stations. After brief sentence prayers Why not overwhelm this band of couched in the language of the workers with a Christmas shower of Psalms, let the following questions blessings for their lepers, that will be discussed- thrill them with new joy and new strength for their tasks. The most (1 ) Was Ruth an exception to the needed articles at practically all the law of Deut. 23:3? How does this fact bring a strong missionary sug- Leper Stations are: Soap, blankets gestion to the book of Ruth? and sandals. (Bandages, medical sup- plies, food and clothing of course are . (2) Are many Psalms equally appropriate in a Jewish synagogue and always in demand.) The articles in a Christian church? themselves should not be· sent if it is possible to send the money instead. (3) Do Messianic passages in the American dollars will buy more and Psalms help to prove the unity of the with more understanding,· right on the Bible? ground, than here; transportation charges are a loss to the cause. Spe- (4 )What three poetical books pre- cial arrangements are being made to sent elemental and universal human secure quantities of soap. The price problems? of a box of soap is not a large item and even a child may send a cake of (5) Which Psalm helps you most soap if not a box. Sandals cost about in offering a missionary prayer? thirty to fifty cents a pair, and are needed to keep the poor mutilated CHRISTMAS FOR LEPERS feet from contact with the bare ground. Blankets bought in the na- "Dirt, disease and the devil," writes tive markets cost from two to four Dr. W. McKean, Superintendent of dollars. A bianket will warm the the Leper Hospital at Chiengmai, body as well as the heart of one leper Siam, "Are the three great enemies all winter. of mankind." And out of the fulness of his heart for his patients he adds: The society, American Mission to "No gift offered a leper is more highly Lepers (156 Fifth Avenue, New appreciated than a cake of soap." One York,) makes an appeal for these may smile at the idea of a cake of Christmas gifts so that every worker soap being prized as a Christmas gift, but as we recall it, part of the original among the lepers and every leper uncommand of the founder of the der Christian care of the Mission shall Christian Church was: to cleanse the know they were remembered in love Lepers. by friends in America at Christmas Many lonely but courageous men time. and women are working as missionaries in leper stations of the Mission to Lepers, almost one hundred centers in all, most~ of them in the

NEWS· FROM MANY LANDS·

:Jj, MOSLEM LANDS closely huddled together. Two were Reconstruction Delayed in Tnrkey Turks and one an Armenian. They AMERICAN missionaries have treated each other as brothers. I been able to resume their activi- noticed that one of them had on two ties in some of the stations in Asia jackets, while the One next to him Minor, but the religious and educa- had only a shirt,-though of course tional work have been almost entirely all their clothes were rags. I said to neglected because of the pressing need him: 'Why don't you give one of for physical relief. At the same time, your jackets to your friend, who· is as Rev. Charles T. Riggs writes, they cold ?' But the other chap spoke up are feeling increasingly the need for and said: 'No, lady, he musn't take it purely evangelistic work. The evan- off; I gave him my jacket last night gelical church life needs to be re- because he was shivering and had a established and strengthened, schools fever.' "

for the children must be reopened Here was a lesson in the gift of and Christian literature must be dis- charity.

tributed. While the missionaries are united in their desire for America to Armenia's Call for Help T accept the mandate for Armenia, as HE reports of the Near East Relief Committee furnish abunda means of solving many of the present difficulties, we must look to a ant evidence that America is not in- Higher Power for the solution of the different to the fate of Armenia. problems. Last year the people of America con- tributed over $15,000,000 for Ar- menian Relief. In addition to money Saving the Children A BENEVOLENT Jewish lady, there have been large contributions Mme. Nahar, is trying to rescue of clothing and of other necessary from the streets of Constantinople things. Better than either has been some of the little waifs that grow up the personal service given by. a large into beggary, with nobody to teach number of American men and women.

them a better way. She has picked During the month of March, 1920, them up out of gutters and 20,779 children were h04sed, clothed, back alleys, and sa~ed them from fed, giyen medical treatment and the professional mendicancy to taullht in 81 orphanages under the ad- which they were being trained ministration of the Near East Relief, by unscrupulous human sharks; and 43 hospitals and 58 clinics and and has placed quite a large num- ambulatories cared for a daily average ber in orphanages of the various of 6,589 cases and 3,037 clinical cases.

races to which they were found to be- The 60 soup kitchens scattered long: For the Jewish children, of throughout Armenia fed 55,039 little whom she has picked up more than children; and '561,970 homeless· ref- Rixty, she has herself established a ugees were saved from starvation. If home. In this matter she heartily America will not take a mandate for acknowledges the help of the Prefect Armenia politically, Americans can at of the city, Dr. Djemil Pasha, and least buttress that bruised and battered also of the Armenian Patriarch, of nation, and give the Armenians a Mlle. Zoeros Pasha, and of others. She chance for existence. Christians must says in The Boshphore: stir up the nation to do its full duty "One winter day I saw on the toward its sister ·republic in Asia Karakeuy Bridge three little children, Minor in this hour of peril.

923

~JlIU'7 .CoaIereDeeIo Doinat vising them to be prepared to move their personnel at short notice;, and THE United Missionary Confer- that every station should keep ·tJ1otor … ence of Syria and Palestine held transportation in readiness for this its- second meeting May 5 to 7 in purpose. Beirut, with Bishop MacInnes of Jerusalem presiding. The Conference Moslem (Jondemnation of Bolshevism has advisory pOwer only, but the harmonious interchange 1)f -views pro- THE Central Committee of Mos- motes efficiency and prevents over- lem Theological Academies has lapping of effort. The twelve societies a statement to make in reference to represented passed resolutions con- the report that Russian Bolshevik – cerning unoccupied fields urging the leaders are training propagandists to Christian and. Misiionary Alliance to incite uprisings among· Asiatic Mos- move into the district east of the lems, which is significant in its bear- Jordan, and. the. Danish Mission to ing upon condittons in India and the Orient to take up work among Persia. The Peking Daily News Moslem men ,and boys in Damascus. summarizes the statement as follows: The Conference also approved the "Whatever its principles may be, proposal of the British Syrian Mis- whether good or bad, the practical sion to open a training school for application of Bolshevism is harmful Bible women in Damascus, and a to humanity, to the social life of the Union missionary training school was individual, and to the rights of prop- preposed for some convenient center. erty, and is therefore at variance with the principles of Islam, which re- Languap ScIrooJ I~ Scut,ari quire happiness, tranquillity, and gen- eral progress, and therefqre forbid the A LANGUAGE School in connec- taking of the life and property of tion with the American Mission others and_ most emphatically insure in. Turkey has been opened as a school the .rights of individuals and com- .of missionary preparation. In addi- munities. Finally, it is in the interests tion to the courses in Turkish, Ar- of the Moslem religion and the sacred menian and Greek, 1t will furnish in- duty of the Califate which embodies struction in the history of the people its strength and influence, to oppose of the Near East, their religion, de- Bolshevism as a danger to civilization, velopment, customs and contributions justice and right." .to civilization,-topics most helpful to the new missionary. The school Mission to Kurds is located for the present in Scutari, and it is planned that the new mis- THE Inter-Synodical Evangelical sionaries under instruction shall live Lutheran Orient-Mission So- in the building as one family, absorb- ciety was organized in 1910 by L. O. ing the atmosphere of the Orient Fossum, a youn~ American pastor, to while acquiring a knowledge of the evangelize the Kurds; and in the fall languages. Rev. Fred F. Goodsell is of 1911 Mr. Fossum, accompanied by to have the directorship of the school. a physician, opened a station at Souj- bulak, western Persia. Since the Bolsbevi!llll In Asia Minor Kurds possessed absolutely no litera- ture, the initial efforts were bent to- MISS Cushman, the heroic nurse ward translating and writing neces- in charge of the orphanage at sary books. As a result. there are Konia. in Iconium, writes of the imminent danger of Bolshevism on top now the four Gospels in Kurdish; in of all the existing woes of Asia Minor. While she can endure livin~ with the addition, a catechism, hymnal and a Turks she cannot face Bolshevism. Kurdish Grammar. all highly appre- Near East Relief officials have sent ciated by the Kurds. a letter to all Directors .of work ad- For four years the miSSIOnaries built up the confidence of the Kurds,

NEWS FROM MANY. LANPS

until in, 19l6, the Russians took pos- Liquor' Traffic Discredited session of Soujbulak and ordered the missionaries home. The U. S. gov- ON JULY g there was a mass ernment has recently resumed the me~ting in the Bombay Towll granting of passports to the Orient, Hall which brought encouragem~nt' and it is the intention to send out mis- to the champions of prohibition in . sionaries in the fall of 1920 to make India. This was a protest against the a report upon this field. proposal to assign all income tax revenue to the Government of India, Industrial Work in Tabriz leaving to the Government of Bombay excise and land revenue only. A I N CONNECTION with relief memorial sent by this meeting to the " work, organized by the Presby- Secretary of State for India had in terian Mission in Tabriz. a cloth fac- it the following paragrapJ.: tory was opened to provide work for the women. This has now branched "Your memorialists invite your attenout into a garment and carpet factory tion to the important fact that there is with a shop adjoining from which the general agreement amongst all sections sales furnish a large proportion of of Indian opinion in favou.r of drastic the factory expenses. During the year measures to reduce consumption, which, about 42,000 workers have found em- supported as it is by the religious inployment, and as these include many junctions of the two great Indian com- , heads of families it is conservatively munities has received considerable stim- . estimated that 100.000 persons benefit ulusln the field of practical politics from the enterprise. Twenty-six car- from the adoption of the policy of total pet looms are in operation. Religious prohibition by the United States and services are held by the factory and the strong support given. to it in busi- . sales departments. ness circles on account of its proved efficiency in augmenting the productive INDIA power of the community. Your memo- rialists cannot accept, without protest, Christian Banks for Farmers an arrangement which makes the means of maintaining the administration of REV. W. E. Wilkie Brown, a the Presidency so greatly dependent on Scotch Presbyterian missionary the continuance and development of a at Jalna, Hyderabad, was the far- discredited policy." sighted founder of cooperative credit societies for Indian agriculturists. a European, Parsi, Hindu and Moscheme which the Y. M. C. A. has hammedan business magnates of been developing with much success Bombay were the leaders in this proin South India. The farmers about test. Talna were being fleeced by money lenders, so that it was impossible to Dnyanodaya. build up flourishing churches until economic help had been extended. Mr. Christian 'lbimkfnlness BrowR'S first step was to organize a Christian village on a government TWO hundred boys from the I;rant of a thousand acres of land. A bank was started with a capital of Naga Hill tribes of Assam wntt £32 from Mr. Brown's own pocket. to the trenches in France. Forty of By 1917 twenty-five Christian village them were Christians. The other 160 banks were being operated and now confessed Christ and were baptized seventy-five more banks. are in. opera- wl:i1e in the army. On their return, tion among the non-Christian com- everyone gave a month's wages to munities. Some of the results have mission work as a thank-offering for been to unite the Christians, build their preservation. solid character and make them realize tll.eir reSponsibility to the Church.. Presbyterian Witness.

Sadhu Jacob In Northeru India REV. G. S. Jacob, known in North India as Sadhu Jacob, has taken up work for the National Missionary Society in the Nukka. and Mimt~QlDery fields. Sadhl1 Jacob has had a university education and

up to twelve years ago held a respons- Telugu's Version of Lord's Prayer ible government position. Since then he bas, like Sadhu Sundar Singh, A TELUGU convert tried for two supported himself by any work that months in vain to learn the came his way and has devoted his Lord's Prayer, but one night his time to teaching and preaching the Gospel. He is a man of deep learn- teacher heard him make the following ing and is respected by all who know petition: of his humble' service. For the next "Oh Father, who art in Heaven, You few months he will visit the churches are our Father, we are Your children. of northern India in the interests of Keep us all well. Heal my rheumatism the National Missionary Society. . and my child's boil. Keep us from wild animals, the bear and the tiger. Christian Patriot. Forgive us our sins, our quarrels, angry words, all that we have done since morning. Make us good. Bring every- one to kneel down and call you Father."

Women's Missionary Meeting A Brabman Commends tbe Bible THE Women's General Mission- A MISSIONARY in India re- , ary meeting of the United Pres- ceived a petition from a district byterian Church in the Punjab met in Sialkot, March 23-25. Sixty dele- where there were no Christians and gates from the twenty-seven societies of the Punjab field attended, in addi- signed by leading men, not one of tion to the American missionaries. Bible readings, addresses, reports and whom was a Christian, asking that he business sessions occupied the time. The talks were spiritual but practical take charge of a school established the as well. Two of the Indian delegates who led a devotional service chose the year before in this district, and to insame topic-the parable of "The Vine and the Branches." troduce the Bible as a text book in Prayer of India's Women every class every day. He was so THIS is what an Indian author, much surprised at the request that he an Indian college graduate and an Indian child widow have to say as summoned a meeting of the petitionto the importance of Christian emancipation for the women of India. ers to tell them that if he assumed The only way India can become charge of the school it would be his great is through the emancipation of its womanhood. endeavor to present Christianity to (Saint Nihal Singh) every pupil, and then asked if it was If vou want Indian women to be still their wish to have him direct the what °you (women of the West) are, and what Christ intends us to be, give school. The head master, a Brahman, us the education that you have had: and in time with God's help <;Ind spoke first, and Said that while not a grace, we will not disappoint you. Christian he was anxious to have his (Lilavati Singh) pupils put under the teaching of the o God of mercy, our prayer to Bible. Then a judge. high caste and Thee is this that the curse may be removed fr~ the women of India. well educated, testified to the effect on Think upon Thy mercy-which is a vast sea-and remember us. daily living he had noticed in those (Prayer of an Indian Child-Widn'W) who studied the Bible daily. "If you Dnyanodaya. wish your sons to become noble, up- rig-ht men," said he, "have them taught the Bible, for nothing in the Vedas can compare with it." > Medical Work at Gateway to Tibet A PROPOSAL has been made by Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has worked and suffered in Tibet, that the National Missionary Society of EnRland should open a medical station at some place in the Himalayas on the' direct road to Tibet. This will not only open the way for carrying the Gospel intQ that closed .land, but wil.1 minister to several villages In that re~'

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

gion where Christian medical work is three years ago for the purpose of unknown. Should such a work be combating social vice. The ideals and undertaken, the Sadhu himself would objectives of the Society are so es- spend a few months there each year. sentiallyChristian that they deserve Salvation Army in Ceylon the interest and support of the Chris- tian Church. THE Salvation Army has ac- quired a large tract of land in /The third annual report states that Ceylon, and plans to produce food eleven leading Japanese in Singapore expressed hearty endorsement of on a large scale for the benefit ot the resolutions passed by the Society to abol'ish all brothels within the area of native population. General Bram- Government jurisdiction.- The acting well Booth has appealed for mission- Counsul-General for Japan at Singary farmers and has received offers apore. has undertaken to close all Japfrom over two hundred workers. anese brothels in the city during the The plan is an outgrowth of General current year. Booth's recent trip to the antipodes, where he was impressed by the vast In outlining the hopes of the Soquantities of fertile land available, ciety for the future the following proand the cheapness with which labor gram was suggested: can be obtained. "The promotion of marriage among MALAYSIA both Europeans and Asiatics (that is, The Melting Pot of Asia where moral necessity demands it), THE mingling of many races in and the encouragement of married America has given the conti- immigrants to the Colonies to bring their wives and families with them; nent the title "The Melting Pot of the promotion of physical exercise, Europe." Almost identical condi-' tions in Malaysia are making it a the provision of open spaces for the same; and the provision of suitable melting pot for Asiatic races. The and adequate means of transport." opportunity for independence an.d Malaysia Message. self-support exist there for the ASI- CIDNA atic, as it does in America for the Luropean. They are draw~ by the Conference Plans tor 1921 richness of the land and the Impwlied A NATIONAL Christian Conferliving conditions. ence has been called to meet in Java is the only island of the 11a- Shanghai in April or May, 1921, to study the progress of the Christian laysia group having a dense popula- Movement in China, and to plan for tion. Sumatra. Borneo, Celebes and advance among all the Christian forces in the country. and New Guinea could contain 600,- Under the leadership of the China 0gr0e0~t0e0r0 inhabitants and not have a density than now exists in Continuation COPlmittee a th6rot:gh survey of missionary work in Chtna Java. The overcrowded conditions in has been in progress during the _past India and China, and their desperate three years. This has been brougJ:Jt to completion. and a very thorouf]hpoverty are sufficient reason why going report is being published WhlCh will form the basis for the Confermillions of them may be expected to enter Malaysia during the next few decades. To the missionary, this fore- casts great seH-suPDortinl; and self- ence. It is probably true that this is the first time in the history of the propagating churches, and prese~t~ a problem for study! that the nsmg Christian Church that a national Christian Conference is held with a civilization shall bear the stamp of complete and accurate statement of Christian ideals.

Fighting Social Evilll)n Singapore the Christian occupation of the field in – THE . Singapore Social .Service the' hands -of those who aremeinben . Society was organized about of the Conference.

It is expected that the delegates to been self-supporting; except for the this Conference will number about salaries of the foreign staff.

one thousand, of whom the co-opted One hundred and fifty-two hos- members shall not exceed twenty per pitals scattered throughout China cent. The Chinese churches will represent the contribution of Chris- elect about four hundred delegates, tian missions to medical science in distributed in the ratio of one delegate China from 1860 to 1920.

to each thousand communicants. Th{ forejgn missions will elect about an Fish Dealer Becomes Pastor T equal number, distributed in the ratk HE following instance proves how far reaching may be the exof one delegate to every twenty forefgn missionaries. ample of Christian conduct. Four- ~ Sew1ng Machine Classes teen years ago a Chinese fish-seller in Hong Kong sold some fish to a woman THE Singer Sewing Machine missionary. On counting her change Company maintains schools in she found he had given her too much.

Chinese cities, where women may go and she handed him back several coins everv day for two months to learn the of very small value. The fish-seller. sewing trade. A Canadian Methodist who had never had money returned to missionary tells of one such school him before, was much impressed wit!- where evangelistic services are held the honesty of the foreigner, and once a week, the directress being a made inquiries about the religion Christian. Nearlv forty women of which she taught. He came under the middle class attend this sewing Christian instruction, accepted Christ school. as his Saviour, and was baptized. Jr All Opportunity at Hand the course of time he was ordained. Now he has thirteen churches in his THE Han Yeh Colliery Company charge. He travels round his gl'{~at at Nganyuen in South China district and holds a communion serv devotes a proportion of its profits to ice each Sunday in one of the the education of miners' children. churches, so that the Christians have Suitable buildings have been provideo the opportunity of attending a com- for boys' and girls' schools, and an munion service once in three months.

offer is now made to have all this Some of the chu.rches were formerly w~rk placed under the supervision 0" ancestral halls, where the spirits of the Church Missionary Society. the ancestors were worshipped; but the mining company to be responsible for halls have now been turned into place~ aU expenses not covered by tuition for Christian worship.

fees.-in short, the Chinese will sup- ply the funds if the C. M. S. will sup- New Ideals In Canton nhr the workers. THE Cantonese have a saying N_ Soocbow Hospital that "Everything new beg-ins in Canton." In support of that claim is THE cornerstone of the new and the fact that Canton has a daily oaper, .. modern Soochow Hospital was edited and controlled by Chinese laid Mav 29. with appropriate cere- VOltng women. There is also an Eng- 11l()IIy. The Board of Missions of the lish newspaper, edited by a Chinese Methodist Church. South, will supply $80,000 of the $200,000 required to Another innovation is the comcomplete the hospital; the China Med- pletely eQuitmed department store, ical Board will SUPply $50,CXXJ and one of which includes a nightly movthe remaining $70,000 will be raised in ing picture entertainment among- its China, most of this being already as- features, and two others, each ha,,-iol!' sllred. The hospital, which was estab- four or five hundred employees. in lisfted in 1882, has for twenty years which Christian services are held or Sunday mornitlgs. The missionaries

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

are invited to speak, and often have Many mission schools report a record an audience' of 350, although attend- attendance and hundreds vainly seek- ance is not compulsory. ing admission.

The Doshisha, the Congregatienal For Weary (Jbi»ese Pastors university, at Kyoto and the largest AN INSTITUTION which is Christian school in Japan, had 1,542 probably the first of its kind on applications for admission, but though the mission field was formally opened almost all were properly qualified, on West Lake, Hangchow, June 16. only 565 new students could be ad- This is a home where Chinese paston mitted. The total enrolment of this in need of rest may come and bring institution is 2,684.

their wives, staying as long as two The largest Methodist school is weeks whenever desired, and free of Kwansei Gakuin, at Kobe, with an encharge. The house has two living rolment of 1,675.

rooms, three large and two smaller Aoyama Gakuin is third, with a tobed rooms, bath rooms and kitchen, all tal of 1,173.

completely furnished and equippec' Saint Paul's, the Episcopal college, with electricity and boiler for hot has 1,104 in all departments.

water. A cook is employed to pre- Meiji Gakuin, the largest Presbypare the food, either Chinese or terian institution, has an enrolment foreign. This refuge for tired cit,· of 826. There are many other school~ pastors is the gift of Dr. and Mrs. D that are all crowded.

Duncan Main, who have been. for forty years in charge of the hospital of Newspaper Evangelism the Church Missionary Society in NEWSPAPER evangelistic work Hangchow. in Oita for 1919 shows 1213 new applicants for Christian literature.

Christian Tribesmen in Yunnan The Loan Library reported One thou- UNLIKE man y Occidentals, sand volumes taken out during the Christian aborigines register no year, This is the more encouraginr complaint against lengthy church because the members pay a fee for c services. In fact, the longer the serv- privilege of reading Chnstian books ices continue, the better pleased they and in addition pay the return postag( are. A Sunday morning service if on them. More than 2000 copies or Sapushan, Yunnan Province, has been the Bible and other Christian book: known to comprise eleven hymns were sold. Twenty-one inquirers eight prayers. three sermons and the were baptized .in 1919. This news- Sacrament of the Lord's Supper! paper campaign has been carried on Self-support is strong-Iyemphasized in Oita for over seven years, so that among these tribes. They build their it is no longer a novelty to the reader: own chapels and provide the resident of the papers.

evangelist with' a two room mud house, food and fuel. At Ta-ku, trees Changing SeRtlment Among Japanese once sacred to the worship of demons THE Japan Advertiser for April were .:ut down to f.urnish timber for 2, 1920, .gives the .substance aLa the Christian Chapel. lecture given in Tokyo by Prof. Y0- China',t Millions. shino of Tokyo Imperial University, in which he admits the mistake in the ,JAPAN Japanese government's policy, both E'Ohrlstlan Schools Crowde.J China and Korea.

T. IGLEHART, a Methodist In the same issue of the Advertiser missionary in Japan, says 'that the editor says there is evidence that never in the history- of that Empire Japanese admiration for militarism is have there been so many young peo· weakening-. This is noticeable first pIe receiving Christian instruction. of all Ilmong students, who are study

ing labor problems at first. hand, and verts now gather for worship in this forming their own opinions. Ninety village each week. per cent of the students if asked whether Japan should withdraw from The collection in the lepers' church Shantung, would, according to Prof. must always be taken up in a clothes Yoshino, answer "Yes." basket, as it consists of bags, each with the owners' name upon it· and Japanese Aborigines filled with rice that has been. saved from their regular allowance. HE Ainus of Hokushu are the T remnant of a primitive people Sunday School Plans in Korea who at one time occupied the whole of Japan, but were gradually driven out THE Korean Sunday School Asby the advancing Mongolians. They sociation has requested each of are ethnologically related to the Russian peasants, whom they resemble, the four principal missions at work and some are of the real Tolstoi type. in Korea to allow one of their best equipped missionaries to give special Dr. John Batchelor of the Church attention to preparation for "Sunday Missionary Society has been a mis- School Year," 1921-1922. When it i~ sionary among them for forty-two remembered that the whole church years, and has baptized in that time membership in Korea is ·in the Sunsome 2,000 Ainus. They have· the day-school the possibilities of this New Testament, prayer book, hymn Sunday-school year will be underbook, grammar and dictionary in their stood. A committee has been apown language, for which they are in- pointed to. prepare teacher training debted to Dr. Batchelor. and inspirational literature, of which copies will be circulated by the thou- Dynamics in Korea sand. Every part of Korea will be visited during the year of preparation, HE General Assembly of the and five post-conventions following .T Presbyterian Church of Korea at the Tokyo Convention have been anits last meeting organized a "Forward nounced, at Taiku, Seoul, Pyeng- Movement" with a three years' pro- Yang, Kwangju and Wonsan. gram and definite line of advance determined and 'percentages agreed ISLANDS OF .TIlE SEA upon. "White Cross Band" In the Philippines This program includes in the first LAST year there was organized year nine definite lines of advance. at Silliman Institute, P. I., a Among these are family prayers, in- Students' Society called "The White crease in church attendance, larger Cross Band." "Christ First" is the subscription lists for the church news- motto of this Band, and it is proving a paper, increased attendance at Bible factor in leading boys into definite institutes and gifts for foreiqn mis- Christian service. There were eightsions and pastors' salaries. The sec- een charter members, of whom ten did ond year program includes revival not return to the Institute the presmeetings and special Bible Confer- ent year. One has entered Massachuences, while in the third year the re- setts Institute of Technology, others sults are to be gathered and crystal- are studying at different schools, but ized in young peoples' organizations with all of them the "White Cross and Sunday-school work. Band" keeps in touch by correspond- ence. Lepers Support a Missionary A Literary Polynesian THE members of the leprosarium SOME of the native teachers in the. church at Taiku, Korea, have for New Hebrides develop literary· a year' supported an evangelist in a ability, as well as upright character: neighboring .non-Christian village, Soppi, an old man from Vila who with the result that some twenty con-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

spent some years on Malekula as a The Sudan Interior Mission is at native teacher has composed some work among them, and much effort very beautiful hymns. He was asked has been spent upon a translation of by a missionary at Vila to pray in the Scriptures in their dialect. While English and in his prayer he said: the work of publishing the four Gos- "Our Heavenly Father, put us upon pels is in progress the number of top of the Rock of Ages. We cannot climb up ourselves, and we cannot hold Tangales .asking for instruction con- stantly increases. fast; but You can put us and You can hold us fast to Jesus Christ. . . • Let us stand all the time beside You, Mustard As a M:!ssionary Helper because then Satan will see You and ONE of Chief Senga Koleanda's will run away from us." thirty wives owes her life to The Christian.

some mustard ointment and a mis- AFRICA sionary's common sense. ·Rev. Roger A Great Missionary Family Guptill of Kambove was gathering up .

MR. Crawford Tilsley of Eng- pupils for school in Chief Senga's land, who recently went out as hamlet when he came upon the chief, a missionary to India, is the fourth groaning and with his head twisted to generation of missionaries in Goda- one side. About him was a noisy vari, the first of this loyal line being crowd, elders of the village. The William Bowden, who led the way in missionary recognized the situation as 1836. Mr. Tilsley expects to succeed a case of stiff neck, and offered to his grandfather, Mr. E. S. Bowden apply some mustard ointment. The in the work at Chitepetta, and his' average African places no value upon brother, Dr. Edwin Tilsley hopes to medicine unless it be very bitter or enter into missionary work at Luanza. very hot, and soon Chief Senga be~an Central Africa. An' uncle, died in and to smile over the efficacy of the lIni- for China, and an aunt, Mrs. Green, ment. In three days the case was returned from Strait's Settlements to cured. A week later, a native teacher be with her hushand in the director- informed the missionary that the ship of the work of the late George crowd of counselors gathered about Muller of Bristol. Another aunt, the chief when the missionary ar- Mrs. Dan Crawford, is working with rived had pronounced one of the her husband in Central Africa. thirty wives guilty of bewitching her lord's neck, and Senga had decreed The Gospel in Tangale that she ,be shot that night. The ar- THE Tangale tribe of northern rival of Mr. Guptill with his curative Nigeria are a people outside of ointment saved the woman's life.

historical record, although they number about fifty thousaud. They oc- Why the Christian Endeavor Society cupy a district approximately a thou- Disbanded A ~and miles inland north-east from the CHRISTIAN Endeavor Society in South Africa had to go out port of Lagos. The march of human progress left them far behind, and of existence because everyone of its their bows and arrows have been more members became a foreign mission- in use than hoe or plow; cannibal ary. This was reported by one speak- feasts have taken the place of harvest er at the nineteenth annual convention festivals. of the C. E. Union of South Africa, Their religion is animistic; their held in Wellington, Cape Colony. In world is filled with innumerable addition to this Union. of English- deified beings, and their God is in the speaking Endeavorers there is a feminine gender. Their dead are ac- Union _of Dutch-speaking young .peo- credited with power to help or hin- pIe, strong and energetic, in the Boer der their welfare. churches.

Training Center at Capetown to boil the rice, and after the meal THE Chtirch of England in South was over paid two dollars for their Africa has arranged to establish god and went home content.

in Capetown a center where women Not long afterward a Christian can have opportunity for study, and for practical and spiritual preparation worker caIled at their home and was as missionaries. A suitable house has been found available from April, led to read to the wife the forty- 1921. Miss Miles, who has had practical training in England and is fa- fourth chapter of Isaiah describiag miliar with South Africa, will be the head of this Training Home. . the making of an idol: "He heweth down cedars. . with part he roasteth roast, with part he warmeth himself, and the residue thereof he maketh a god." The woman was so School 01 African Life aDd Lauguages astounded at the exact description .f SOUTH Africa is to hav.e a school what she had witnessed that she felt of African Life and Languages. this must indeed be a true book, and Provision will be made for training in time became a believer in the true those students who contemplate taking God.

up the white man's task in relation to EUROPE nati.Y£ problems, too often dealt with by amateurs, or those who do not un- M_iallor WftldeR8l_ PatriMs derstand the native temperament. A chair of philology and one of social NEAR the College and Normal anthropology are prooosed, the whole School in Torre Pellice, the scheme to include lectures on law and Waldensian center at Piedmont, Italy, government, native lore and history. a hostel is nearing completion for or- phaned sons of men who fought and The advantage which Cape Town died in the war. Preference will be offers for such a school as .compared given Waldensian young men who inwith other centers is in its museum tend to enter the pastorate, and eighty for Native Anthropology, the Public or. ninety students can find comfort- Library of Philology and the fact able accommodation. A resident pasthat a large number of administrators tor will act as warden of the hostel, and missionaries reside there, creating an atmosphere suitable for the dis- Education is prized in these Walcussion of these ·subjects. The only densian valleys, and the students, well surviving person speaking the bush- trained and industrIOus as they are, man's language resides in Capetown. are eagerly sought for .important posts. Christian Express. Methodist Conege in Rome The Idol Maker Discredited THE Methodist Church of Italy has bought forty-eight acres of I N MADAGASCAR no home is land at Rome on which they are build- complete without a household ing a college for Italian students. This institution is the olltgrowth of god. Some years ago a young marrieli a smaller one which has been housed couple were setting up their home and in very cramped quarters in the cenasked a maker of idols to supply ter of Rome. their god. When they called to receive it, it was not yet made, and the No religion will be forced upon the idol maker asked them to wait. Go- students, but for those who are willing to the forest he seiected a piece of ing to listen there will be ample opw{)()d and set to work, while the portunity for learrung the truths of young couple chatted and made suggestions. In the evening he asked his an the Gospel. Dr. B. M. Tipple is customers to remain and take supper with him. They watched him light a President of the College, and the fire with the chips left from the .idol teachers., except the professor of English and physical director will be

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Protestant Italians. One thous'and Revivals have takenplaa:in 'Rus- students can be admitted. sia at many centers to which these prisoners of war have returned, and Reform Movement in Sicily thousands are reported to have been converted. T HE priests in Sicily have formed a society called the Federation NORTH ..MERIe." for the Redemption of the Clergy, and issue a paper caned "Rinnovamento;" LutJreran'CIrurr;h Growth which has adopted as its motto a saying from Gregory the Great:, "See THE United Lutheran Church in bow fall the world is of priests, but America has a present member- 110W rare are the laborers in the Lord's ship of over tliree and a half million, Vineyard." The editor charges that and an increase last year of 2Il,OOO. ministers in general are not prepared Foreign mission work is carried on by for their mission, and that they have 494 missionaf'ies, with 2U48 native lost touch with society. He cites the helpers, and the native church memgrowing discredit of the clergy, gen- bership on foreign fields is 123,927. eral ignorance of religious truths, the ~early seven hundred thousand dolsteady decline' in attendance at the lars was contributed toward mission seminaries, and the alien,ation of the work in 1919. masses from the Church, for all of which he lays the blame upon the Bibles for Blind Soldiers clergy. THE American Bible Society will Czecho-Slovak Preachers Wanted close its war work by present- ing to every American soldier blinded R s. EV. J. Porter of the Amer- during his service- ;r' copy of John's ican Board writes from Prague gospel in raised letters. The Society under date of June. 14: distributed, nearlv 7;()(x),()(X) Testa- ments, Bibles or portions of the Bible "There is a call for fifty new Prot- during the war, About 5,000,000 estant preachers. We do not know went to American soldiers and the where such a number of men would remainder to other fighting forces. live and where halls would be forthcoming for them to do their work in. A Christian Dally for Chicago Vtle need new buildings for the grow· ing work. The Prague church has A GROUP of Christian business still a debt, but the income of the flats men are planning to publish a -covers largely the interest, etc. Mr. Christian Daily Newspaper in Chicago. Zdychynec, the associate pastor of the An exchange s!lYs of this projec~' Prague church, is to be ordained and is probably the first fully educated "More than ever before in our hispreacher from Bohemia since the days tory such Christian voices are needed. of Huss." Politically, this Christian nation is dominated by un-Christian parties and For Russian War Prisoners directed to un-Christian ends. So- cially, there is warfare acute between THE transport of Russian prison- capital and labor, with the Christian ers from Germany to their own re1i1;ion left out of the calculations land began in May. At the end of and the actions. It is high time for August there were still about 160.000 the law of the Ruler to be expressed Russians in Germany. The Religious in the daily contemplation of events. Tract Society of Kassel, Germany, re- The political parties have their newsports twenty-two prison camp church- papers. So have the trusts and the es, with a Protestant Christian mem- labor interests. These special organs bership aggregating over 1000. Since are 'newspapers' using all~ their influ- Janlla~r r,ore than 500 war prisoners ence to, pr.omote_ the .palticular ..cause have :.. ,. baptized. '0 which they are openly or secretly {. 2dicated. Christianity is entitled to

one daily paper at least. And it can work in Kieft and the labors of Mr. Goroditch have been wonderfully serve its cause with open truth and blessed. The cost of the work is about $5,000 a year. without fear." .

The Presbyterian Witness.

An Armenia-America Society Successful Vacation Bible School THIS society has been founded A VACATION Bible School in "To unite in cooperation the Pasadena, Cal., during July many friends of Armenia for the pur- reached an enrolment of nearly 1000. pose of ascertaining the needs of Twenty-five unpaid teachers did the Armenia, of bringing those needs be- work and four denominations, Bapfore the American people and of se- tist, Presbyterian, Methodist andcuring the satisfaction of those needs Congregational cooperated. Enthusthrough American assistance." iasm of the pupils was so keen that probably double the. number of teach- While the Near East Relief is ers will be required next year. The meeting the physical needs in Ar- work was a mixture of sloyd, manual menia, this new Society will concern training, domestic arts, story telling itself with' the political needs of the and Bible study. The children, ascountry, aiding them to secure a fair sembled from many grades of society, adjustment of their boundary ques- and, taught during the morning hours tion, and to reestablish themselves in only, memorized as much Scripture as their homeland. most Sunday-school pupils can repeat after a year's study. The Society proposes to educate the public on the opportunity before The Continent. America and to urge the Department of State in Washington to act along Home MissioQS Council to Carry Forward the lines named. Interchurch Surveys Anyone desirous to join this effort may become a voting member by con- 'THROUGH agreement with the tributing five dollars or over. Rev. , officials of the Interchurch Ernest W. Riggs, 287 Fourth Ave., New York, is Secretary-Treasurer. World Movement the Home Missions Council is undertaking special pieces The Hebrew Christian Alliance MIssion of work in the unfinished tasks in the Survey Department of the Movement. AT THE RECENT meeting of Under the direction of Dr. E. DeS. the Hebrew Christian Alliance Brunner the Rural Survey Departbetween fifty and sixty young Hebrew ment is putting its valuable material into shape for use by the Home Mis- Christians were present, who were all sion Boards. Associate Secretary Roundy is appraising the values of preparing for missionary work. They the Negro Suney. Further work on the Migrant Groups, Lumber Camps are ready to take up a special course and Foreign Language Groups and Literature is being done. Work in of study from the service as the way city groups has been kept in hand and reference will early be made to the is open. J oint Committee on Community and Industrial Relations of the Home Mis- The Alliance has now definitely de- sions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. These cided to undertake work for the Jews two Councils have just published the report of Mr. Jay S. Stowell on "Mexin Russia and has not only sent $500 ican and Spanish Americans in the to aid the Hebrew Christians at Kieft United States." but these American Hebrew Chris- (Continued on page 936) tians are now supporting an American Hebrew Christian worker there, Mr.

Fagans. one of the missionaries of the "Hebrew Christian Testimony,"

founded by Rev. David Baron of Lon- don. .

The "Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel" has recently taken up this I SUPPOSE- That just as you were about to settle dowu for an old age of comfort and wellcearned rest, one' of your friends should tell you of an opportunity to increase your savings' by an investment that couldn't go wrong. You took the tip, placed your money on thi~ venture which it didn't seem possible could fail-and lost it all!

It Has Happened to Others-Why Not to YOU?

SUPPOSE- That after your death your wife, perhaps inexperienced in the handling of money, should look around for a safe investment for your savings. Alonl!" came the convincing salesman with the abso- lutely safe proposition which would mean a steady income for her for the rest of her life. She trustfully invested her all-and lost every cent of it !

It Has Happened to Others-Why Not to You?

SUPPOSE- That after you had drawn up a will providing for your family and devoting part of your estate to further some great work of the church some dissatisfied heir or relative should contest it. The cafe went to the court, through long legal battles. Your estate was .tied up and finally almost consumed tlirough litigation. Your loved ones and your church were the victims!

It Has Happened to Other Wins-Why Not to Yours?

Why take such chanc~ when you can avoid any such possibility by investing in LIFE ANNUITY BONDS?

Our Life Annuity Bonds are your insurance for ttffgular income for the /!alance of your life.

By investing in them you not only secure an old age of comfort and peace for your- self-but for your loved ones as well.

A nd above all you have the genuine satisfaction of knowing that after you have gone the dollars you worked for will be devoted to the good of mankind through Ihe Church of Jesus Christ.

We want to tell you more about our plan. Won't you write for particulars to– GEORGE M. FOWLES, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist EPiscopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York; or, W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer 01 the Board of Holne Missions and Church Exten- sion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

Please mention THf: MISSIONARY Rsvn:w or -tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers NEWS. FROM. MANT·I.MftJ8 THE (Continued from page 934) Correspondence Courses Conservation and practical use of results obtained wilt be made through OF the Conference for allocation of un- occupied Indian Fields to be held at Union Bible Seminary Wallace Lodge, Yonkers,-New York, September 28 and 29, and through WESTFIELD. INDIANA similar conferences in October at Al- Have·been ·stud;td by .",.,..·t;200 ministers. 'buquerque, New Mexico, the 6th; EI miaaionaries. SUDday School w….lrera and interesttd believer.' ill" 'tile – Pi-emillennial Paso, Texas., the 7th; Tucson, Ari- Second Coming of Christ. zona the 8th, 9th and 10th as covering the needs of the Spanish American SERIES I groups in the Southwest. Joint ar- TWENTY LESSONS IN DIBLE PROPHECY <J:.~gto~I …y Bible Hi8torrand Proph..,y from rangements for work among Orien- tals on the Pacific Coast will be con- SERIES II sidered in group meetings at Los An- geles October 13, and San Francisco TWENTY LESSONS IN REVELATION October 14 and 15. Consideration of methods for work among Mormons An eueedingly plain and r….nable interprelatioD of Ihio diffi· will' occupy representatives of the oull h o o k . ' . Boards at Salt Lake City October 17 Oar MetlJod . -&nd One Dollar for «ther efoourro2e(.}M…Id.u•. and 18. ……… aboot·"iU he oenl Ie> ~_kIy No furtbor <orresponden.. """""""Y. anI_ you desire to ask "Morning' Star Misslon" questions. for which no charge ia made. THE "Morning Star Mission," Jo- .BMlminCltioru are optionalud chat&e 25c. liet, m., was opened November DipIo_ granted for aatiolactory resuJt.o. 18, 1919. by a group of Christian business men. and Peter McCarthy, s….p/e••-Tbe firBl "'eel and proopeetu. of either COUl'110 gambler, prize fighter and alcoholic _t flee on reqnesl. wr~ck whom the grace of God had StlidoAte can.begin alany time and can .tudy·oingly or in cl…… transformed, was placed at the head Paotors find il helpful·to keep young peepI& interested in Bible of it. This year the Mission will cele- Bludy. Addreal brate'its eleventh anniversary. It is located on a street known as "Whis- UNION BIBLE' SEMINARY key Row," in a ward. which contains people of twenty-seven nationalities. WESTFIELD. INDIANA anq the statistics for the past year show how effective has been its serv· Save ice. Conversions in 1919 were 447; Gospels and Testaments gil'en out, $32.00 672; loaves of bread, 1680; railroad fare for 28 wayward boys and girls; We want you to KNOW that we can save you free clothing to 293 persons and free from $25 to $32 by buying our meals to 1122. Bulletin Board Those heJped to a useful life include We also want you to KNOW that our board university men and ie-norant fellows is made of the very bEost material, is DURA- who never had a chance, men em- ployed in the steel mills and those in. BU. HANDSOME, ATTRACTIVE. CON- prison. Even ministers' sons are among the number who have come V E N I E N T. . under the influence of the Mission.

Make Us Prove It A Postal will save you many dollars. Yegroes Call for Black Nation R. W. HOLLINGSWORTH MFG. CO. A THIRTY-DAY convention to take up the problems of the OVERTON, NEB. Negro race was held in New York City last August, under the direction (Continued on page (37) Please mention TH:£ MISSIOHARY bvtltw Olf TH. WORl,D in writinl' to advertisers NEWS FIlGM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 936) of Marcus Garvey, President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and leader in the movement to free Africa for the Negroes. This Association is said t6 have a membership of more than 1,000,000.

President Gan ey urged an organization of the 4OO,OOO,(X)() Negroes of the World to take over the continent of Africa and establish there a Negro democracy.

An African prince, several chiefs and descendants of chiefs, as well af representatives from Central America, the West Indies, Canada and every section of the United States, attended the Convention.

Negro Miniirers Study Problems rt1WO Negro rural ministers' in- .1' stitutes were held during the summer, one at Forsyth, Georgia, and M~~:l:x.r;:m:i.~~J't.:::~.:t:: .:.: the other at Trenton, S. C., under the general direction of Dr. James H. ALL dane. 0/ people? We can tell you Dillard, of Charlottesville,. Va., and In lour word.: assisted by both white and colored men who are actively engaged in 8eeau_ of It• •er•• tintyl pioneer educational work. The Multiplex Hammond doeo Some of the topics studied were tvel'7thing .any oth.." ~J>ewrUer will do.•nd· be..d.., It you ',wat, turn the "How to Prepare a Sermon," "The _ill.. .11 0k1n. otybp"ey.o_u…f..r"o.nmeohn_ee·laffniigri,l,'-o.ne_e_b_Ie Minister and his .correspondence," other. Note the above opecimeo "Church .Records and Finance," "The (1lbthtly reduced) all 'M Church and the Neighborhood, and ….,hristianity and Health."

BAliB macA",.•• Christianity and Health." No Other TypeWl'lter Can Do Thl.

THE new American Leprosari'um ""at No matter ..A. for the exclusive use of lepers ay.oreu. are. you of the United States has at last been 01" "Mr. you located in Louisiana by the purchase ……. the Multlpl8ll of 400 acres by the Fedel;"al Govern- . Hammond·" the ment for this purpose: Lepers living in no less than twenty different states, f..o..r-ttYiDOaU.. ." "M"&. . .l1. . in lonely ~rid tmcomfortable surround- the C:OUIlOll for rr… folder. ings, can now be furnished with all that medical skill can do for them. > Also a PORTABLE Model The American Mission to Lepers Full capacity. Welglat ..bout 11 pnvnde. makes an appeal for the ministry of > Alk for lpecI&I folder. Mailed free. a ~hrist~ greeting for these thotlsand or more lepers. The most ap-' Inquire about .peel.' t.r…. preciated articles are soap, sandals to prof••lIlonal. and blankets, but clothing, food and medical supplies are always in de- … _…___ … __ .. ___~r. . FoId..________ ……. __ mand. Mr. W. M. Danner, American Secretary of the Mission to THE HAIIMOND TY,EWJITEJ.ro. Lepers, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 571 E••t 19th St., New YOI'll CIt,.. (Ctmtimmi on page 939) – P1_ II8IId r_ Folder to: _ N~e, _____________________ _ Ad~. __________________ . OOCUpatloo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ PI"""" mention THE MI!lSlOlWtY Rmllw OF 'flUI Won.. in writing to advem.e..

DO YOU LEAVE

TO OTHERS?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your business affairs?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your domestic affairs?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your social affairs?

THEN WHY LEAVE IT TO _OTHERS TO CARRY ON YOUR LORD'S BUSINESS?

Suppose that the miasionaries all shrugged their shoulders and said. "Oh. I have other things things to do. some one else will go". What would happen to the miasionary program?

They are doing their part abroad. Why do you leave your end of the task at home to others?

I t is your duty to create the missionary interest here at home which will stimulate and support the workers on -the field. – Miasiona~ education-an informed intelligent understanding of the missionary plans. purposes and progress-is the secret of a real rniasionary church. By sowing a crop of MISSIONARY REVIEW subscriptions in yOUr church you can make yours-a real missionary ",ongregation–a. real support to the workers in the 6eId.

REMEMBER Your part of the talk is important! . Your part 'of the 'task must be done! Your part of the task can be done belt by you!

Missionary Review of the World "A MISSIONARY REVIEW_ 156 Fihh Ave.• New York.. representative in every Protestant- church" is our aim. That includes Gentlemen:- your church. As a worker for missions I am ready to do my Your church needs the REVIEW. part to make our church a missionary church. Please Do not leave it to others to supply teU me yourplaris for representing tLe REVIEW. it.

Name ..•……………..~…. .' .•….. : ……….• Send us the attached coupon and do your part today! Address…………………..•………..• City………..•……..State……. . Church ..•.•…………-:….~:.

Please mention THJt 'MISSI'ONARY' R~VIJtW OF THJ: WORLD in writing to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 937) will gladly send circular with full particulars as to what would be most "i'm hungry for something fine just acceptable, and when and where to 10 read on the Sunday schpol lesson send gifts. .each week. I study hard. of c(J)Jrse, ReHgion at State Universities but I· want something that 'carries me along,' I want perspective and inspira- THE Lutheran says that of the tion. I want a summing uo of the big 8,800 students registered at the things in each lesson, cone by a maSter University of Pennsylvania only 3,878 were church members. This of spiritual discernment. and~well. institution has a larger percentage of non-church members than manv you understand-by someone whose others, but the fact remains thit English is as rich and meaningful in writing as Jowett's is in preaching."

there is a steadily decreasing rela- That's the way a business ptan tionship with the Church among Sunday school teacher fran'dy puts it.

young people seeking a higher educa- He has his answerI Britain's great- tion. A vigorous movement is on est devotional writer foot among leading denominations to Dr. Alexander Smellie provide more adequate religious in- struction at state universities. The in Methodists have paid $284,000 for ilJt junbav ~d.J1J1l1_ property on which to build college churches, and have just laid the brings to him every wee", and to foundation of what is to be a $1,- 000,000 institution at the University thousands of others Ii".e him, the Sunday school lesson's ri~hest spiritual of .Illinois. The Disciples are raising a fund of $800,000 for a similar truths in a settin!!' of faultless literary undertaking, and Presbyferian, Bap- finish-just to read.

tists and Congregationalists are mov- "Immense humanity, eluoive humor ing in the same direction. playing overe.verything. hold pictorial language, pithy upre,sion and virile World Outlook Plans energy combine to make up a style native and racy, but sweetened always THE World Outlook, the illus- and even sublimated by a wonderful trated missionary . magazine .pirituality."

which was inaugurated by the Meth- Christians everywhere who know his work odist Board of Foreign Missions in 1916, and was last year taken over are thanking God for Dr. Smellie. You will. by the Interchurch World Movement,. as soon as you have become acquainted with him. The simplest way ia to make uoe at once now makes the following' announce- of our "Get-Acquainted" offer by which ment. many thouoands have come to know The Sunday School Times, with ita dozen or more "The World Outlook well now be trained specialists writing ("r you on the study published by Mr. A. S. Watkins, pub- and teaching of the International Improved lisher of American Business. Mr. Uniform' Lessons.

Willard Price, who has edited the In return for the full name and magazine from the beginning, will continue as editor and the policy will re- address of one .of your fellow main unchanged under the new pub- workers who doe. not yet take ~ the paper. we will send you Jo •~ a little 8-palle biographical lisher. The World Outlook win stand .ketch of Dr. Smellie • ~".'4' 11' not only for the missionary propa- and hi. work. ganda of all denominations, but for ./~ THE SUNDAY every movement of religion, com- ; – SCHOOL TIMES .,. COMP.NY merce and .poIitics which -means sane t:'ffl eD._ P'" . ' / 1131 W…… !t. PIoiIaoI.r,hia Christian progress." ,)~ For tbe 25 eon'" )i'0> ~ ~.y Bellool TImeo LATIN AMERICA .: Bubonic Plague in Vera Crnll ,). ,.c.I' Name..__________________________• THE appearance of bub 0 n i c "Address.____________•__________ .:..______. plague in Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Continued on page 940) Please mention THE MISSIONARY R!VIltW 0" ~H.· WORI.D in writing to advertisers With. the Smaller Ear Piece NEWS FROM MANY LANDS Will Make You Hear Continued from page 939) There is'no lon~ any Deed .for you, to he8l" im… could not properly be called an epiperfectly, for.training to bear or being con9picu- demic, but was regarded as sufficiently serious to require rigid preventive ~~:e=g~~..rIY°.;;'t'i, ~~Of~~ ~~c~~~ measures. The Institute Moreios, a ~~~:~~~na j~~tO: s~r:=~' it is Girls' School under the Presbyterian Board, was closed by the authorities Thousands of ~n1ihusiastic Acousticon users have for three weeks, after which pupils who had been inoculated for the dis- .-..-'to tile wenderfllt >'eSUlts o b _ from ease were allowed to return.

it, and we feol sale in urging every person who is The. enforcement of. sanitary meahard of hearin!r to accept, without a penny of sures immediately doubled the cost of expense. and entirely at our risk. the food, since market men were not al- lowed to enter the city. Eggs went to 1920 Acousticon . 25c apiece, and fresh vegetables were not to be had. For 10 Daya' FREE TRIAL Y. W. O. A. in Brazil lIO"OEPOSIT":'NO EXPENE THE second South American !!!m"1.:t-.: i/d!. want expens~e toiy:ou~~ot~he.":tria~l, branch of the Y. W. C. A. it back. ~o::fi::,e_ i~f opened in Rio de Janeiro in July, with without a cent of a charter membership of eight hun- !:ti%i:~.l::~h!~i:tr:::=:, ~~~8t~h!-;~QOki:db:! dred. For .three weeks preceding, a now have. Write for Your FREE TRIAL today. campaign for five hundred members had been carried on in the city, under Dictograph Product" 6.rperation the direction of a committee of ten 144J~"""".ut"""r. ,', -, N. . .· V. . . . women, most of whom were from tbe United States. The only other branch· Association is at Buenos Aires.

Temperance in Urngnay Montgomery., W~d A LAW just passed in Uruguay & Company .contains a section whick re- quires that in all public schools there Manu'achD'ers and EKporters shall be lectures upon the harmful- neSS of alcoholic drink," so as to bring of Genetal Merchandi.. about a diffusion of knowledge on this subject and create an aversion Have ellferrd W the requirrlRenr. .of for alcohol." MlMi~rie!l.In:,aU parts. of the world; for ovu 2S yean. This law does not make Uruguay "dry," but it does away with drinking in public saloons, near markets or on wharves and ,docks; The sale of liquor is permitted where' food is served. Sale of liquor is forbidden w write for. eopy of our arll! Cataloc ' to women and children; also to sol- ,.. ce-J..u.-mej:diM,4UId.,_ .,aciM",r, diers and non-cotnllUssimled officers, Missionary Circular and' policemen. .

.f .. 'OBITUARY NOTES We guarantee isaledelivery Dr. H. C. Herrblg anywhere Dr; Hubert C. Herring, Secretary MON'FGOME-R-¥-WAID ~-C6MPANY of .the National Council of Congrega- ' tional churches since 1913, was. drowned on August 6, whileswim~', ming off the coast of Martha's Vine~ yard, Mass. Dr. Herring had had (Continued on page f)4I) Please mention: Tn IIIftSStOlOIT'1lI!VYlW tw 'tHIC WonD in writing to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS LA TEST ::~ TItLES (Continued from page 940) n-l~ REAL CHRIST 'd: i R. ,4. TOrrey, D.D.

the chief responsibility for the suc- "'~thor of U Fundamental Doctrines oj the Chri.do,. ,cess of the Tercentenary Celebration, FoiIA.." and in addition had been carrying heavy responsibilities_ in connection With rare spiritual discernment and with a deep Intui- with several interdenominational tive appreciation of the character of the Master, Dr. movements. Torrey has drawn a. series of masterly and unforget- table portraits of the man Christ Je…… After attending McCormick and Princeton Seminaries he was ordained EVERYBODY'S WORLD 12m_ o. _ Ne_ t. .1B.d7tIY5 to the Presbyterian ministry in 1887. Later he was pastor of the First Con- With panoramic sweep and the. Insight of a world gregational Church of Omaha, N e- missionary the author lays on our heartll the burden of braska and in 1907 became General Secretary of ,the Congregational the crying need of the natioDs. ,4mericats duty in the Home Missionary Society. He was a present crisis is defined with convincing clearness. power in the Congregational Church and his loss will be widely and keenly . Net. '1.00 felt. FOUR HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED GOSPELS or Rev. L. D. Heminger Africa Rev. Wm. E. ,BarlOn, D.D Efulen Station in the Kamerun has Author oj HThe Soul of A.brahom Lin.eola" suffered severely in the loss of Rev. L. D. Heminger, who met a tragic While Imaginer.r. theBe new stories of the Christ are death last April. Mr. Heminger had based on the New Testament record and have great set a trap for a leopard which had valUe and interest tor tile student ot the G<lspel•. annoyed the missionaries by stealing . 12mo. Net. '1.50 food, and one evening when examining the gun both barrels went off and STORY WORSHIP PROGRAMS FOR THE shattered his left arm. With great difficulty he made his way to the dis- CHURCH SCHOOL YEAR pensary, where black medical assistants did the best they could, but it Rev. Jay S. S ……ell, M • .4. was almost forty-eight hours before skilled medical attention could be had. A series of ideal devotional programs for boys and Help was too late, and Mr. Heminger girls covering every Sunday In the Church SchOOl year.. passed away April 30. Mrs. Hem- COntain. tile material alld .u~"'hieh JaBi<>r alld inger and her two young sons will Intermediate workers have long wanted. remain on the field until their furlough is due in January. 12mo. Net. .1.50 Dr. Jesse Brooks or Cbicago THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF ST. PAUL Rev. Jesse W. Brooks, D. D., Sec- Rev. Do"id Sm,itla, D.D. retary of the Chicago Tract Society, Author of '''The DaYIJ of Hu FlelJla" died in the Presbyterian Hospital of that city on July 22. Dr. Brooks was This monumental life Qf the great Apostle presents the born in Connecticut in 1858, grad- results of arehaeological find-tn-g'fl aDd scholarly. inftsUuated from Union Theological Semi- gatinns of the past two deca.des. Octavo witll series of nary in 1884, and from that year un- Net. '6.00 til 1898 he heldvastorates in Congre- beautiful new maps in COIOT. gational and Reformed Cburcb~, after which he identified himself with THE MENACE OF IMMORALITY IN CHURCH the work of the Chicago Tra<:t So- AND STATE ciety. Ref) • .Iolu& R. StTlIt8~.lJ..D. r …lGr. Cor…ry Baptiot Chwrd<,. New Y-*.

Is America being destroyed like Ancient Greece 8.11.d Rome by Immorality? is the -startling questren raised IDustrated. Net. '1.75 by Dr. Straton.

THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH Basil Mat""…

'Whh a Foreword by Vucount Bryce, Author 0/ "Lh.1ingston the Pathfinder"

The adventures of the "Mayflower" Pilgrims told for young people. A most complete and fascinating Btory. Net. '1.50 With colored illustrations and maps.

THE FOUNDING OF ANATfON Frank M .. (kent Pictures with fascinating skill one ot the most slgnUl- cant and epochal emigrations III the hlotory ot maD·. Net. '2.25 search for Individual liberty.

TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS Lut""..,4. Wei…. Th.. accomplished author of ·"The Pupil and tile Teaeh- er" ca1'l'ies on in this new volume a emrttnuatlon of his 8klllfuJtreatment of teaching problems. Net. '1.25 THE LORD OF LIFE AND DEATH Rev. J. D. Jo-.

AuthDr 0/ Ulj B Man Die"

Tbe Exposi tory Times says of this El<»08ltk>n err tlte Mira£le of the "l'alaing of I…at:APus, "HePe ill a ",*-me of pure exposition the like of which we have been told we should never agaln.._·· N_ FJdttloD. Net..l.60 BIBLE "TYPES OF MODERN MEN ,4..thor ../ UT""Rm""• .– …. Mackintosh'M.."lraYI B . D.

and R..,…..,. of Sin'

In tIlese Inspiring lectures to young men I;loetor Mackay draws a series of character pOrtraits of tileD of today whose qualities parallel those of the great men of tlte New EdItion. lfee;, '1.75 Blbl..

BIB1..E TYPES OF MODERN WOMEN .4udaor oJ IR"". rWY.JNM_ac"kMino."d,e,"r.MMace!nr"ay. 8. ·D• "'~ sum A serl.. of lectures to young women on Bible women ad tIlel.. modem exemplars. New EcllUen. Net.

GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madt80n Awnue, New Yon: ………… JaAlaMdoa. . HeoIdp• •_ . . NEW ,BOOKS ON MISSIONS Could You Read Shepard of Aintab. By Alice Shepard With Your Hands? Riggs. 12mo. 200 pp. $0.75. Inter- church Press, New York. 19.20.

Thousands 01 blind must! The Dawn of a New Era in Syria. By Margaret McGilvary. Bvo. 302 pp.

$2.50. Fleming H. RevelJ, N ew York and Chicago. 1920.

$10 will pay for a Tes- A Moslem Seeker After God. By Sam- tament and $2 for a uel M. Zwemer. Bvo. 302 pp. $2.25. Gospel'in blind type. Fleming H. Revell, New York and Souvenir verse free. Chicago. 1920. Help us also give the Bible ·to immigrants, Persian Pictures. Poems. By Mary F. seamen and the poor. Labaree. 12mo. 64 pp. $1.00. Flem- ing H Revell, New York and Chi- Write us about Annuity cago. 1920. Bonds Jewels from the Orient. By Lucy Sea- man Bainbridge. 12mo. 125 pp. $1.00. Fleming' H. Revell, New York and Chicago. 1920.

Every kind of Bible for sale: Scofield, China, the Mysterious and Marvellous. Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, By Victor Murdock Bvo. 310 pp. Nelson, at Special Discount•• $2.50. Fleming H. Revell, New York and Chicago. 1920. Universal Bible Sunday, Dec. 5th. Fez and Turban Tales. By Isabel No "han,e in date. Free literature Blake. 12mo. 115 pp. Interchurch Press, New York 1920. NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY China and the Gospel Report of the 675 Madison Ave. (lIlth year) New York China Inland Mission.' 56 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and Lon- don. 1920.

Progress in the Mikado's Empire. By Robert Cornell Armstrong. Metho- dist Church of Canada, Toronto. 1920.

GET THIS ILLUSTRATED Through Santo Domingo and Haiti. By BOOKLET TODAY-ONLY 150 Samuel Guy Inman. 12mo. 96 pp. Committee on Cooperation in Latin Ridding the America, 25 Madison Avenue, New World of Leprosy York.

Missionary Morale. By George A. Miller. 16mo. 156 pp. $1.00. Metho- dist Book Concern, New York and Cincinnati. 1920.

By W. M. DANNER Missionary Survey As an Aid to Co- operation in Foreign Missions. By Every Christian should read this succinct Roland Allen and Thomas Cochrane. account of the great problem which concerns 12mo. 183 pp. $2.40. Longmans, . Greene & Co., New York. 1920. '

the Protestant Clturch especially today. It The Spending of a Thank Offering. Regives in a nutshell, facts that' many' would like to k.1ow: How the Mission to Lepers port. Bvo. 196 pp. The Macmillan Works-Restoring to Helpfulness-Saving Company, New York. 1920. the' Untainted Children-Curing the Jncur- Thirsting After God. By Dan Craw- ford. 12mo. 189 pp. 3s. Pickering & Inglis, London. 1920.

able—-How it can be Done. The Founding of a Nation. By Frank M. Gregg. Bvo. 479 pp. $2.25. George 48 JNl&es, paper covers:-containing H. Doran Company, N ew York. colored map showing distribution of' 1920. Leprosy in the World. The Real Christ. By R. A. Torrey. per Sent poatpaid-15c copy $1.75. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1920. . The Ameriean Mission to 'lepers . The Church and Industrial Reconstruc- 156·Fifth Ave. New York tion. By the Committee on'the War and the Religious Outlook.. 8vo. 296 ,..', .. ~ ~ ,. . , . SltND 2c.. STAMP FOR THE S'I'ORY pp. $2.00 Asso:iation Press, New York. 1920. '., , OF ~ BOY, A JUG AND A LEPER. ,Neighboring<New Americans. By Mary Clark Barnes. 16mo. 68 pp. $0.75.

.,Fleming H. Revell; New York and ·Chicago. 1920.

. ,P,llf;~se m~tiqn. r~lt _~SSIO:'~ltY lllCY'I~'" ,.~•. 1HJt WP@l.t;» in writing _tc.:). adver.tjsers

94.3

MI~IONARYPERSONALS ,R1<:v. S. HAI,I, YOUNG, D., D., veteran FALL Presbyterian missionary to Alaska now in OFFERINGS the Home Board office, is spending four months in Alaska studying unoccupied fields. He represents the Home Missions DREAMS AND VOICES Council' and two Boards of the Presby- terian Church. … … … by Grace Hyde Trine, DR. J. B. GAMBREI,l" President of the An anthology of mother, father and Southern Baptist Convention ahd DR. E. Y. child verse mostly by modern Ameri- MUl,UNS, President of the Southern Bap- can and British poets. There are tist Theological Seminary in Louisville eighty (:oems, some grave, some gay, are making a world tour of inquiry into but each one a treasure in itself. the Southern Baptist mission fields. Mrs. Trine contends th"t the father DR. AND MRS. 'J"OH*N *M. SPRINC"R, pio- has been neglected in anthologies of mother and child verse, and, she has neerS in Methodist mission work in the made up for this negle<-t. Everyone Congo, have returned to Elizabethville, who loves beautiful poetry ..ill want Belgian Congo, after having taken part in this exquisite book. But someho..

the African division of the Centenary one thinks of it especially as a liift Campaign. Dr. Springer first went to book for mothers. Price $2.00 boxed.

Africa in 1901. A CANTICLE OF THE YEAR *** by Elvira J. Slack MAJOR JOlIN T. AXTON, who entered the No girlhood is quite complete without United States Army as chaplain in 1902, a birthday book. It is one of the few possessions "hich is cherished' long has now been made chief of chaplains, with after other treasures have been "hand. ed 'down." And this ie a lovely one, the rank of colonel. His duties will in- a small, plump little volume hound in green and decorated in silver. There clude investigation of the qualifications of is a beautiful bit of prOse or a poem for each day and space to record the candidates for appointment as chaplains, birthdays. , A gift to, give to girls and for girls to give each other. Price and general coordination and supervision $1.25 '" of all religious activities in the army…….

MISS MARGARET SVTTERY is making a seven months' tour around the world. She will speak at the World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo and will probably be a speaker at many of the post-conventions THE YOUNG WOMAN CITIZEN in China and Japan. From the various by Mary AU$tin countries which she visits Miss Slattery Thinking men as well as women will will write a series of letters to young peo- welcome a book which sets forth trust- .. '" .. wort.h!) guideposts for a working philple. osopby of citizenship. It is a brilliant- ly written discussion for all world cit- PROF. C. H. ROBBRTSON has returned to izens of the responsibilities that are assumed with the right to vote, to- Shanghai to continue his work as head gether with comprehensive survey of the development of th~ citizen frorn of the lecture division of the Y. M. C. the age of the sav1ge tribe to the pres- ent era of tumbling autocracies. A. in China. … * .. MR. J. C. RocBRs, of the London City Paper $1.00, Cloth $1. 75.

Mission, has retired from active service ICE BREAKERS with the Mission after nearly fifty years of connection with the work.

* .. * REV. HENRY LooM~S, for thirty years a representative of the American' Bible So- ciety in Japan, died in Tokyo, August by Edna Geister 23d. Dr. Loomis was born in Burlington; The seventh printing pf1'Ice Breakers" N. Y, in 1839. …….. the now famons little volume of games REV. SAMUEl, H. GREENE, D. D., pastor and stunts by "an author whose .. ork is play", is just off the press. No of Calvary Baptist Church in Washington, library is quite complete without this fun-making, play-planning little book D. C.' for forty-one years, died Septem- which holds the key to the suCcess of .. .. .. . every conceivable kind of party! A b~r 7, splendid volume for grown-ups, 'child- ren or the in-between age. Price $1.35 MRS. LOUIS" S"YMOUR HOUGHTON, a director in the American McAIl Mission and charter member of the first religious …… settlement in America, died in August in BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE or her ei.ghty,~th'i- l'd year. _THE WOMAN'S .. PRESS Car,,)! AI,AK", of Abeokuta, West . '600-Lexinl1t:on Ave., ,. New Y~rk City Africa, died last August. Although not a baptize<ij, Christian, Cbie£. Alake') .gave.

".ptheraorutyghosuutpph;o.rtt;::tro~;~~mcii~sTs!ioiEn.aMrJySSJa~c"t,i~vyi"tyR!VIE,W OF;~Y;~~i~W~,,!;"1,~D~~~~;=;'~~~~7==::;::==r=:;::;~ Books of The MGt'k 01 CI 6eaic'I~… Helpfulit~ . ·uwittcn:fo meef'G.,…) __ and NEW TOOLS for Leoders and Individuals America's Stake in the Far East The Gospel of Out of 000….

CHARLES HARVEY FAHS FRANCIS E. CLARK ..4 ~·ProbIe". .Di.eq.8ion." &ri_ boole. MMro.vCemlaerkn,t,fo_u-nodefr of the Christian Endeavor Questions on the Issues Involved In Christian _.joys of "th',,'eed <>at&- ~ America'. relations to the Far East, with val- ~':d'~:=:-:e::~ ~~i~ft~~~=·ft ~ uable reference 'tUotatlons setting forth the Craft bue"'."" $1.;5. priDelpaJ SnggestiODS for solution of the QUe9IIIOOB ~. Paper 9Sc. doth, 1.35. Gotama Buddha Christian Adventure A. HERBERT GRAY KENNETH J. SAUNDERS Shows that Christianity "Embodies the one A stndy of the lite and .peDIODality .of this graal; __. summons to men and women that is adequate Eastern seeker ..fter GOO, which grows out of- t& their humanity. and otl'ersthe ..00 hope of sound achol&rBbip and has much liren.ry_,.. solving th.. problems of e1v1J1zation. aa weUaaaplrJtnaliludght. ~ bo……I.35.:…

Paper board., 1.25. How Jesus Met Life Questions Christian Task HARRISON S. ELLIOTT J. HAROLD DU BOIS A. uProblem. Di.scuuion" Seriea boo&;:. A ~4IVetfI Generation" Series book.

Presents the snpreme need of the age as a big Can be nsed for a systematic study of the constructive, cooperative Christian task. It is lite of Jesus or topicall y for tthheehedlipscoUfMthioenuo.rf ….-• a mingling of the practical &ad the idealistic, present-day qnestions. with in the spirit of the reconstruction period. of Jesua in their solution. Mollatt's tranola- – tiOD of the New Testament is used for the Paper boards, 1.15. Scripture p"""ages. Cloth, .SO.

Church and Industrial Reconstruction In the Prison Camps of Germany— Prepared under the direction 0/ uTh. Com- CONRAD HOFFMAN mitt-ee on. &Ja.e .,.or and dWJ Reli6ioru 0",- look" A !!rlpplng narrative of "Y" service among .

i!gJ!rg~~!n;l:;:~~:;; !~~~ti~~to t':!re1: E~=e:; ~l..w~~~=:.nl~~~~ indllStry; Not a tr~ati.e on pOlitical economy or social re f o mrmtw• eTCakhersisittis" point of de parture 1919. Cloth,lIIuatrated,4,OO. . deftnitely f r o " relildon a nd undertakes to discover what would be demanded Jesus and his Cause by its thoroughgoing application to the industrial problems of today. Cloth, 2.00. A. BRUCE CURRY, Jr.. d "Preblem macuNion." Seriu boolr:..

Communily P'8gram. (…. C..peratiA, Chur<bes The Gospel by Mark from the prohlem view- point. Outstanding. problems are studied ROY B. GUILD. Edit…. through questioIl8 which bring out the Scrip- ture principles and apply them to oreseot-4ay_ The reports of nine Commissions which met in issues. Cloth, .75. Cleveland. Oliio, June 1-3, 1920, ro deliberate upon a working program of co-operative effort among the churches. Cloth, I.SO. Jesus the Master Teach… Every Morning HERMAN HARRELL HORNE ROBERT CLUETT A new and stimulating way to study the ·lile of ~,:~:;1~De::!':,;r!~~J,'i.f":J"::' ~:':…~: Jesus. Arranged in outline question ·ferm to ~~.::;t~ .t"~~w=:'''yl.:'~~·l.st~· aid lead into di8culoIion. on how tQ..c.JoaDoIle &he.__ teaching aspects of Jesus' work. Cloth, 2.00.

Going Afoot Somethi… More BAYARD H. CHRISTY KIRBY PAGE A "'JVfnG Generation" SeM. book. Many will gain from this Ii ttle book a. new There are vast retIOW'CeII that are ~_ =~ ~;~:'Jeor.::~ t~ad;":~t more" in iGchodillI8inb· JDBIJ, hi ~ "BOIIRItblug Jnure. wh ook, wr " Aeeounto 01 iamoWl wari,iftil clubB In Amerlea. Christ. and i_ by_ a member of the new generation, 8UIIllD8M _~, and dI.rections for the organr",tlDn and conduet of such a crub, Cloth,] .35. _ toapproprlatetorourselves. Paper.boanla,I.2S. ., u. At y,mr Book.tore or /rom ASSOCIATION PRESS~ 347 Madison A-.,. NEW YORK Publication Depart.mUlt, International Committee, Y. M. C. A…

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training the children of Israel in the. rules of health. Witness the longevity of the Hebrew race in spite of untoward circumstances.

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of communlon for this very reason. If you have not yet adopt~d the modern,. sani~ communion cup' let this be one of your 1lr8t forward fltePB in 1920.

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COP"rlUGHT. UNDERWOOD &: lJ''''''OOD KUFA OR GRASS BOAT ON· mE TIGRIS RIVER New Lectures Added to Our Rental Service pOLAND AND CZECHD-SLOVAKIA.< It is a lecture of the hour, 64 slides; 22 plain, 3 sepia, 39 colored. One renUit $5.00.

JUGO-SLAVIA, UKRAINE AND LITHUANIA. The three Slav nations struge:ling desperately to restore order and""chieve independence. 48 slides; 12 plain, 6 sepia, 30 colored. One rental $t.II; THE LIFE OF CHRIST IN ART. 'IMS lecture covers the entire life from Murillo's "Immaculate Conception" ~o the "Transfiguration" by Raphael. 66 colored slides. One rental $6.00.

THE PASSION PLAY. This lecture is thoroughly revised and contains many ~, new slides. 50 slides; 8 plain, 10 sepia, 32 colored. One rental$3.00.

THE' BIRTH OF OUR NATION. This is virtually a new lecture. 58 slides; 21 plain, 9 ~epi9. 28. colored. One rental $4.00.

SOUTH AMERICA-THE WEST COAST. 100 slides; 32 plain, 15 sepia, 3 colored. One rental $6.00.

AMERICANIZATION COURSE. Six lantern slide lecture sets with :MOO., vis- u~lizin& United States History, covering six important periods in the Evolution Of Freedom, now ready. Each set comprises 51 to 57 slides, rental charge per set with manuscript $6.00. Selling price complete with manuscript, per set $60.00.

LECTURE SETS FOR SALE. We must make room for the constantly growing number of new sets and are therefore offering a number of fcomplete lecture sets at a discount ranging from 25 to 75 per cent.-at a price less than cost. Send for particulars. Price list in preparation.

SPECIAL OVERSTOCK OFFER. Send for particulars of our special overstock clearance offer. Slides at eight to twenty-five cents each in lots of 10, 25 ~nd 50 on many countries and subjects. Large values while they last.

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35 Y~~QlUtlwiF1~¥:;emacy DEPARTMENT M. R. 417 FIFTII AVENUE NEW YORK Chicago Depoaitory, Geo. W. Bond Slide Co., 14 W. Washington St.