The Missionary Review of the World — January 1929

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The Best and Surest Way to ANNUITIES Spread the Gospel in ARE SAFE, POPULAR, PROFITABLE THEIR VALUE IS NOT INfLUENCED BY IS THltOUGH THE Crop Failure Bank Failure All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union Shift in Real Estate Value Stock Market Fluctuation (RE'', l. S PROJ;:HANOFP. President) Rise or Fall in Commercial Values American Offi('es THERE IS NO 156 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY Alwyn Ball, Jr., Ameril'an Treasurer Norman J. Smith. American Secretary John Johnson, Rusl'!lian Secretary PItAY and LABOR with us for MORE BIBLE PRINTING Need for Reinvestment Changing of Tenants 35,000 already printed at Leningrad. Necessity for Repairs Need for Improvements MORE MISSIONARY SUPPORT For further in/ormation addrus: Many of the Gospel workers in RUSSIA and SIBERIA are entirely unsupported. w. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board of Home Missions MORE GOSPEL HALLS and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church. )70) Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.• or Many groups have no place to worship. Morri. W. Ehne•• Treasurer. Board 01 Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 MORE BIBLE SCHOOLS Fifth Avenue. New York City.

n young men graduated this year ill the Leningrad Bible School. ' —- Send all communications and gifts, and make all checks payable to THE ALL·RUSSIAN EVANGEUCAL CHRISTIAN UNION Room 411M 156 Fikh Avenue. NEW YORK CITY Please mention THE MIRRJOXARY REVIEW OF THE ",YORLD in writing to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS January, 1929 Page A CENTURY OF MISSIONS IN SIAM ••.•..••..•……………….. LucY STAItLINQ 5 '1'1I:e romantic hi8tory 01 achiet'Bment 01 Ch1'istian mi8sions since 19~8 in thia kingdom 1chere the Presbyterian ohurch conducts praetiaally the only ProteJJtatlt missions.

THE CHALLENGE OF THE WEST …………..•………. MIDDLETON S. BARNWELL 11 at A striking picture oj the nature of pioneer missionary work in Idaho and the neighbor· ing states as seen by a Missionary Bishop the Protestant Episcopal Church.

JESUS' WORLD·WIDE PROGRAM ……………………………… S. L. MORRIS 17 A thDughtful and stirring presentation Of the responsibility of the Ohristian Ohurch to carry out the commission oj Jesus Oh'tist to evangelize the 1vorld.

THE MYSTERY.OF MARSHAL FENG •…………•……•…… JONATHAN GOFORTH 20 The testimony of a personal friend oj the much discussed and often misrepresented Vice-president of Ohina.. the 8o·callcd "Christian General/' and an estimate oj hi8 character.

NEW TESTAMENT MISSIONARY METHODS ..•…••..•……….. ROLAND J. ALLEN 21 A. thoughtjul study of modern missionary methods as compared tvith those of ApoBtolio aa·YB.. advooating the return to the former sintpler but more effective methods.

FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF AFRICA ………………•…••• W. REGINALD WHEELER 25 A. secretary who has recen.tly returned from a viBit to 'West Africa ae80rtbea the field ana the impression made upon him by the people and the mission work.

AFTER SLAVERY IN AFRICA-WHAT? ……………………•. THEOJ)OR" BURTT 31 Some re8ult8 Of the 8latle trade a.nd the ejJorts to elevate men and women who were lormerly bought and Bold.

CONFESSIONS OF A MISSIONAHY ……•……••……….••••.••.••.•••.•••…• 37 SPIRITUAL REMEDIES FOR PHYSICAL ILLS .•..••.•••.•.••••••••.•••• W. T. REm 39 A physician desoribes methods Of diaonosing and presoribing lor moral a~1l ~piritual and physical ills by thp, usc of Biblical remedies. – A MOTHER IN INDIA ……………………………………….• ,'J. J. LUCAS 43 A. sketch and appreciation Of the late .Urs. M. J. lFyckoJJ.

BLAZING AN ARABIAN 'l'RAIL …………………•…………. JOHN TURNBULL 44 TOPICS OF 'l'HE 'l'I~fES ………. . .••••••.••….••.. ~ • ~ • ~ _EDITORIALS 45 METHODS FOR WORKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY ~IRS. F. 1. JOHNSON 47 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN •..••……… EDITEO BY FLOREXCE E. QUINLAN 55 WOMAN'S FOHEIGN MISSION BULLETIN ••..•…..•. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 59 WORLD:WIDE OUTLOOK .••.•………………. EDITED BY Plto… HARLAN P. BEACH 62 BOOKS WORTH READING .••…………..••••••••••..••.•••••.••.•••••.•••••••. 78 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO~IPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. l. CHAMBERLAIN, Vioe·President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Beeretartl WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sta., Harrisburg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of Uarch 3, 1879. (Concluded from 2nd cover.) , In his public lectures, his one subject LET YOUR GIFT was Jesus Christ, and hundreds of the to Foreign Missions faculty, students and many from outside PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME listened eagerly to his words. The Sermon on the Mount was another powerful You can make agenerous giRto foreign mis- sions and have a needed income for yourself address that he often gave. If he ac- and others from the money you give by the cepts the secretaryship, Dr. Mackay will Annuity Gift Plan still retain a special relationship to This plan relieves yOU of uncertainty and worry caused by changing-values of invested South America with freedom for direct funds and assures you a fixed income of work on the field. * * 4t% to 9% per year .. for the rest of your life THE REV. DWIGHT W. LEARNED, D.D., A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees for fifty-three years a missionary of the the prompt payment of annuities to yOU.

American Board in Japan, upon retiring Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time from service recently was decorated by help send the gospel to all the world.

the Emperor with the Third Order of For full t'n/ormation write the Sacred Treasure, the highest honor yet paid to a foreign educator. When Erne.t F. HCt.ll~ S.cr8tar~~ Dept. of Annuitiea Dr. and Mrs. Learned took their last BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS walk through the Doshisha campus, of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 5,000 students were in line to greet them, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York and more than 600 friends were at the tary of the Chinese delegation at the Kyoto railroad s*tat.i.on..to see them off. League of Nations in Geneva, Chinese Consul-General at London, and a mem- MRS. CHARLES A. LINDBERGH, mother ber of many diplomatic missions of China to this country, he has a worldof the world·famed aviator, and MISS view as well as a perfect acquaintance with the affairs of his own country. ALICE MORROW, sister of the American Ambassador to Mexico, arrived in Con- Such men suggest the gain to be ex- stantinople during the closing week of pected from China's regulation that the September, and have begun their work presidents of missionary colleges must be Chinese. at the Constantinople Woman's College. *** Mrs. Lindbergh carries on classes in chemistry. Miss Morrow, who has spent MISS MARTHA BERRY, founder of the Berry Schools in Georgia twenty-six most of these later years in educational years ago, has received a $5,000 award from the Pictorial Review in recognition work in Pittsburgh, also makes her con- of her remarkable educational work for the poor white children of the South. tribution to the College life by assisting She plans to invest the award in further the President in receiving and entertain- help for Southern youth.

ing the many travelers and tourists who *** visit the College. Both these women will OBITUARY greatly aid the Near East College Asso- PROFESSOR JOHN T. SWIFT, who died ciation in furthering their policy, "to recently in Tokyo, was the first General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan. He share in a friendly way with the youth belonged to the first generation of the of the Near East the best we have in Student Volunteer Movement, going to Japan as a teacher of English. Luther American educational ideals." D. Wishard, who went to the Far East to study the advisability of establishing * .. .. the Association there, invited Mr. Swift to become the General Secretary of the REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., the super- Tokyo Association. When Professor intendent of the Mount Carmel Bible Swift inherited $25,000 he immediately School, Haifa, Palestine, recently was (Concluded on 3rd cover.) honored with a dinner in commemoration of his thirty years of service as a Christian minister to his Hebrew brethren. Over thirty Christian Jews from Europe, America and Asia were gathered to pay tribute to this servant of Christ, who has labored in Great Britain, Canada, the United States and the Holy Land.

of * * * Soochow PRESIDENT Y. C. YANG Un'iversity, one of the Sout,hern Meth- odists' best institutions, is 'a graduate of at that University, and is,to be one of the foremost speakers the International Missionary Conference in Memphis in 19~!I. President Yang is ranked among the ablest leaders'in China. Educated in the Orient and later in America, secretary to Dr. Wellington Koo, Chinese Minister to Washington, an attache of the Chinese Legation in London, secre-

DRAGON PREPARED FOR A RELIGIOGS P

THill ELEPHANT ARCH PREPA&ED FORA 'VELCO~UI: TO ');HE KING OF SIAM CELEBRATIONS IN THE LAND OF THE WHITE ELEPHANT

LII, No.1 January

~E MISSIONARY MEW7te —– A CENTURY OF MISSIONS IN SIAM BY LUCY STARLING, Lampang, Siam Prinoipal of the Presbyterian Boarding School jor Girls at Lampang T HE little-known country of to Siam. He was followed, a little ten million inhabitants, in the later, by seventeen other mission- south-eastern corner of Asia, aries, including wives. Notable well deserves the study of the among these early workers was statesman and social philosopher. Rev. Dan. Beach Bradley, M.D., Siam is best known as "The Land who brought the first printing of the White Elephant," and the press to Siam and introduced vachome of those freaks, the Siamese cination. Thus foreign mission twins. Her boast might be that work was begun in Siam. from a primitive land with a tribal form of government, each chief~ The American Baptists also sent tain with the power of life and missionaries to Siam in the early death . over his subjects, and days, but its work was mainly scarcely recognizing a central au- among the Chinese, and subsethority, she has emerged into a quently both these Boards withprogressive country, an absolute drew their workers to China. The monarchy, developing along sane Presbyterian Church in the United states of America sent out its first and modern lines. All this has missionaries to Siam in 1838 but been accomplished without a revo- its permanent work was not establution, and without ever being lished until 1847, and it is now the featured on the front pages of only Protestant mission at work American newspapers. there though the Christian and Missionary Alliance has recently This year Siam is celebrating a been invited to inaugurate work in full hundred years of Christian Eastern Siam, in territory which missionary work in her land. Karl the Presbyterian Church has been Giitzlaff, of the Netherlands Mis- unable to cover. sionary Society, and Jacob Tomlin arrived in Bangkok in December, The development of the mission 1828, and at once sent back a work of a century may be roughly strong appeal to the home church divided into four parts, each with for more workers. The American special characteristics. Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, in Boston, first I. A Period of Seed Sowing heeded. the call and in 1831 sent the Rev. David Abeel from Canton Long the seed lay in the cold, dry ground of Buddhism. It was 6

thirty-one years before the hearts Christ. Some of the strongest of the laborers were cheered by the members of the church today are first Siamese convert, and thirty- second and third generation Christhree years before the first Siamese tians, whose forbears found their woman accepted Christ as her Saviour in this way. Saviour. Meh (mother) Esther, who was baptized in 1880, became A glimpse of missionary life in the first teacher in the first school those early days is found in Dr. for girls, and last May celebrated Feltus' account of one of the first in Bangkok her eighty-fourth missionaries, Dr. Samuel R. House. birthday. Christian and Buddhist On one occasion, when Dr. House alike came to pay tribute to this had been summoned to Chiengmai saintly woman, and greetings were to attend the wives of two of the sent to her from the General As- missionaries, he traveled through sembly of the Presbyterian Church the jungle riding an elephant. in America. One morning, while walking by the side of his elephant, the beast II. The Period of Growth turned without warning, and thrust him through the abdomen When Daniel McGilvary came in with its tusk. The wound was too contact with tribes that had mi- low for him to see, so he called for grated from the north and settled a mirror, and there, lying on his around Petchaburi, his heart went back, sewed himself up. For two out to them, and in 1863 he started weeks he lay, as he said, "with a in his little boat to visit the Laos bit of skin not thicker than a sheet people of the north. Three months of paper between me and certain later he arrived in Chiengmai, the death." But God spared his life northern capital- a journey that and he was carried into Chiengmai, can now be made by modern ex- in time to minister to the lady press train in twenty-seven hours. missi onaries.

Thus began a great evangelistic III. The Period of Organization work among these animistic people whose lives were bound by a fear During this stage of developof spirits. Evidence of this was ment the two missions of North found in every unusual occurrence and South Siam were separated by and in all natural phenomena. Not months in time, each mission with many years ago, on a river trip, its own peculiar problems to solve. the writer met a whole village In the south, the Buddhist heart traveling along the river bank, was difficult to reach with the Goshaving abandoned their homes to pel. Many who had gone to the "the spirits," on account of an epi- field on fire with a longing to demic. They had fled in dismay preach the Gospel to those who to establish a home elsewhere. In knew not Christ, found little or no those early days many who were response to the message. But a thought to be possessed of demons, desire for education was manifestcame to the missionary as the only ing itself; so the missionary refuge from the ill-treatment of found himself in the schoolroom, their neighbors. They were not teaching the rudiments of Siamese sure, poor souls, whether the ac- or English, "if, by any means, he cusations were true but many of might save some." So there grew them found peace and salvation in up schools in the south, far sur-

A CENTURY OF MISSIONS IN SIAM

passing the Buddhist temple Christian has scores of these gosschools. Preeminent among these pel hymns stored away in his mind mISSIon schools were the two in and heart. Bangkok, the one for boys, now known as Bangkok Christian Col- IV. The Period of Consolidation lege, and Wattena Wittiya Academy for girls. This latter school This period we may consider owes its high place in the esteem under two heads, the consolidation of the nation chiefly to the genius of the country, and the mission.

of one woman, Edna Cole, who for forty years presided over its fortunes and made it the best-known school in Siam.

In the south there was one man who was preeminently successful as an evangelist, Eugene P. Dunlap. With his wife, he traveled up and down the country, by boat, by pony, by chair, on foot; and wherever he went, groups of Christians sprang up. He was called "the friend of kings," and when he died and was borne to his last restingplace, the road was lined with thousands, high and low, weeping for a dear friend.

In the north, among the Laos, the evangelistic touring begun by Dr. Daniel McGilvary became a model for practically every mis- sionary who came into that territory. As a result groups of Chris- tians sprang up all over the Chiengmai plain, and new stations were opened. A year after Dr. GOOD ISOII. FOR GOOD SEED McGilvary went to Chiengmai, (A Big Sister Among the Laos) there followed an old friend, J onathan Wilson, who opened Lampang (1) In 1910 the benevolent and station and there accomplished his wise sovereign, Chulalongkorn, life work. At the age of sixty-five died after a reign of forty-two he began to translate Christian years. His son, Rama VI, who ashymns into Siamese and at his death he left, as a priceless legacy to the church, a Lao hymnal, one cended the throne, had been eduof the best in any land. A success- cated at Oxford, England, and ful evangelist said, "Dr. Wilson's upon his graduation had submitted hymns have saved more souls than a thesis on "The Christian Reall my preaching." The Siamese, ligion." He entered upon his reign especially "the northern Lao," are of fifteen years with high ideals. very musical, and even the simplest The railroads, projected in the

time of his royal father, were com- reached the limit of her capacity pleted; motor roads were con- to borrow. His Majesty set a structed; the country was opened wholesome example to the rest of up, and contacts with the outside the nation, by voluntarily relin- world were multiplied. quishing a large part of his own Rama VI died in November, allowance. This was followed by a 1925, and was succeeded by his drastic retrenchment in all lines of brother, Prachatipok, who is service. The official heads of both Siamese and Europeans fell into the basket, until we began to wonder if Siam would cripple her- self irretrievably; but, the budget was balanced. Today the country has a favorable trade balance, a stable currency, and the tical is maintaining a high rate. Siam is developing peacefully and sanely along modern lines. During the visit of His Majesty to the north, two years ago, he said to the Prin- cipal of Prince Royal College: "You know, I have no objection whatever to these boys becoming Christians."

Is there another country like this in Asia – an absolute monarchy, progressing along modern lines without a revolution, where princely, even royal gifts are made to Christian work, and where no restriction is placed on the teach- ing of the Bible in mission schools?

Recently, His Majesty announced a competition for a prize to be given for the best textbook on the Budd- hist religion. The royal edict con- cluded with these words: THE YOUNG KING OF SIAM The subject-matter should be moral known to the Western world as teaching based upon the principles of Rama VII. With his accession there were immediate and im- Buddhism, as found in the canons of the 't'ripitaka, and should not extol Buddhism at the expense of other religions.

portant reversals of policy. One Surely, no more inspiring oppor- of his first acts was to appoint a tunity could. come to anyone than Supreme Council of five members, to have a part in the training of all of them the older statesmen, the youth-the hope of Siam's which denoted a return to a more future.

conservative regime. This Council (2) The missionary consolida- first attempted to balance the tion. The union of the Northern budget. For years Siam had been and Southern missions in 1922 re- borrowing, until she had about sulted in a Siam Mission of ten

THE CHRISTIAN HIGH SCHOOL FOR BOYS IN BANGKOK stations, with a church of over May in his "Asian Arcady" calls nine thousand members. T.he edu- "human work at its highest and cational development of the South best." In this asylum, founded by Siam Mission had resulted in two the Presbyterian Mission, and now strong high schools in Bangkok, largely sustained by the American ready to carryon teacher training Mission to Lepers, three hundred and other advanced work for the lepers have found alleviation of whole mission. The evangelistic their sufferings, enjoy the comforts success of the North Siam Mission of home as long as life lasts and, had been marked by the establish- best of all, they have found their ment of a Theological Seminary in Saviour. Chiengmai. The important and timely visit of Dr. Cleland McAfee The Maternity Home in Bangin 1924, and his insistence on a kok, under Miss Christensen, has higher grade of students for the recently received a gift of $6,500, ministry, resulted in the formation which will enlarge the scope of its of the first class of young men, usefulness. from the whole mission, with the best education our schools could The immigration of the Chinese provide. into Siam has been going on steadily through the years; but In Chiengmai, Dr. McKean con- since the civil war in their own ducts a Leper Asylum, which Le land they have been pouring into the country in unprecedented num-

bers. Work is being conducted of the aid rendered by the missionamong them, and an institutional ary to the administration; and church in Bangkok is projected. that is the best appreciation they The various dialects, the frequent can receive." change of residence, and the few missionaries available for the work Siam's material future seems are among the many difficulties. bright, her people are kindly and lovable, that is one side of the pic- SIAMESE CHRIRTIAN MISSIONARIES READY TO CARRY THE GOSPEL TO THE LAOS To quote Le May once more: ture; but there is lack of a sense "That the great and manifest im- of sin, an indifference to spiritual provement in the life of the peo- things, a living for today. But the ple generally is mainly due to the missionaries of Christ strive, and work of the missionaries them- pray that, as they accept the minselves, does not, to my mind, ad- istry of healing and teaching, they mit of any discussion…. His may also come to accept, as their Majesty, a Buddhist, knows the own, our Lord who said, "Without value of the work being done, and me ye can do nothing" – nothing!

1:.ife, in its deartst anb finest analpsis is a J!,tduarbsbip. Wo recogni?e tbiS platts one in tbe range to get tbe rigbt angle of bision for tbe interpretation of life in all its proportions anb in all its perspedibe. W. Remfrp J)unt.

PIONEERING-STARTING ON A FOUR HUNDRED MILE MISSION RIDE IN

THE CHALLENGE OF THE WEST BY THE RT. REV. MEDDLETON S. BARNWELL, D.D., Boise, Idaho Bishop Of the Protestant Episcopal Chllrch District oj Ida·ho J ~~I'M GOING West this sum- It may be a summer trip or it mer," remarks the traveler may be a winter one, but in any as he packs his bag and case the climate becomes mild, the tang of salt air strikes one in the boards the Overland Limited for face, flowers of a thousand varie- San Francisco. The Coast is his ties are breaking forth in beauty. objective. He passes through Palaces glisten in the sunlight. Omaha and lapses into a state of Great flashing cars roll by. Great coma as one by one the little towns ocean steamships come and go with of Nebraska fly by. They grow their happy, prosperous thousmaller and smaller as he travels sands. westward. There is a break in the journey at the thriving little city "So this is the West," exclaims of Cheyenne. The traveler dozes the traveler. He passes up and again until he makes Ogden. He down the coast; visits Seattle and looks with curious interest out of Portland. Goes down to Monterey the window as the great train and the Seventeen Mile Drive. crosses the Lucin cut-off, at times Sees Pebble Beach. Drops down almost out of sight of land with to Santa Barbara and marvels at the salt sea stretching away on the wealth and the wonders of either side. Then there comes a Montecito. On down to Los Andreary stretch with desert and geles with its far-flung horizons of sage-brush alternating, with here splendor; San Diego, Coronado, and there a straggling little town. Pasadena, and a hundred more. Next comes Reno and the high Sierras, and then a dizzy drop "So this is the West," he exdown into an earthly paradise! claims, "the West to which my mis- sionary gifts have gone. This is 11

the West of which we have heard of staggering beauty. He thinks so long and so pitifully. Where is that he knows the West. But does the frontier? Where are the hard- he1 ships? Where is the need for the church which these people of their On that very journey, for a thouwealth cannot supply?" sand miles, he has passed within a few miles of conditions as hard as So he boards the "Sunset any pioneer ever knew. Back from Limited and journeys back home, the railroad, across fifty or a hunsurrounded, even through the dred or two hundred miles of desert deserts, with barbers and valets, a trail are ranches and mining disillusioned Christian! Perhaps camps where men and women live there is yet a need for mission in and work. Off in the hills are the sheep herders wandering for China, he thinks, but he is through months, cut off from all of their with helping to support the western kind. What has this traveler seen mission work. Those people out of lumber camps, of pack trains, of there have more money than he. little villages deep in the mountain Let them finance their own work! gorges, threatened in the summer Those of us who are working in the with flood and in the winter with West hear a lot of this, and we grow somewhat impatient. snow-slides? The West of mis- sionary parlance is not the Coast For the simple truth is that this at all. It is that vast inland emtraveler has not seen the West at pire which stretches from the all. Perhaps he has passed through Rockies to the Sierras, from Mexthe worst of it at night. Perhaps ico to Canada, a section comprising he has gazed languidly out of the nearly one third of the United States in area, almost a million window at some little place, des- square miles, and with a populaperately hot in the summer sun or desperately cold in the grasp of a tion about equal to that of the winter blizzard and has murmured state of Arkansas! In this vast devoutly, "Thank God I don't have western land the people for the most part are poor and scattered. to live there!" Perhaps he has It is due to this condition that for many years to come religious work seen a little home established must be supported by the churches in the midst of the sagebrush of more prosperous sections desert, with some precious little through their Mission Boards. well of water, which is here today, but which may be dried up to- Consider a few things taken from my own experience. Idaho is morrow, where a man and a wom- a state with eighty-four thousand an and a few little children are all square miles and a population working hard to hold back the about equal to that of the city of sand and the sagebrush and the Cincinnati. Last winter I traveled desolation; perhaps he has thought thirteen hundred miles to confirm vaguely of the hardships of such one young woman. I am leaving pioneer life, but that is all. He tomorrow for a little trip of four goes back home, remembering only hundred miles to confirm one deaf the few prosperous little cities and dumb child. Next week I through which he passed. He re- leave for a week's trip into the members the wealth and the beauty mountains to visit a chain of mis- of the Pacific Coast. He takes back the memories of soft music and luxurious hotels and scenery

THE CHALLENGE OF THE WEST

sions which are almost inaccessible ing in the town and starting a fire in the winter months. The first in the church stove, starts out into day I drive across two hundred the sagebrush with a Ford touring miles of desert to the little mining car to bring in his congregation. I town of Hailey, where in the eve- have known him to bring as many ning I shall confirm a class of per- as ten persons into town on one haps fifteen. The next day I drive across one hundred and fifty miles A WOR't'H WHILE PRODUCT of desert and lava beds to the little mining town of Mackay with serv- trip, having picked them up along ice again at night. The next day the scattered ranches which stretch up along the Continental Divide, out into the sagebrush. Having and down through a long and gathered his outlying members he winding canyon, perhaps another rings his church bell, for the local hundred and fifty miles will bring people. He plays the organ and me to Salmon City. This last place leads in the singing. After the is very difficult of access. It can be reached with difficulty by rail, but from B.oise, where I live, to Salmon and return by rail would take me about as long as the trip from Boise to New York and back. These conditions are not exceptional. They are similar to those that every missionary faces who strives to carry the Gospel to people in these far-flung reaches of desert and mountain.

I wish that I could picture the Bruneau valley. It is a little farming. settlement about forty miles south of the Union Pacific Railroad where it passes through the deserts of southern Idaho. The little white church backs up against a group of trees which have been planted for a wind-break and shelter. In the summer the dust-storms sweep, and in the winter the blizzards. We .have had to cross-brace the church building recently to keep it from blowing down. The missionary in charge of Bruneau lives a hundred miles away. He is an elderly man-perhaps sixty-three or four-and works up and down a parish two hundred miles long, by railroad and Ford. He drives into Bruneau, reaching there during the afternoon and, after visit-

church service he takes his or blocked with snow it is always ranchers back into the desert possible to travel by pack horse or through the starlight, or the snow, dog team. This sort of work is and stays over night with the last expensive from the point of view one delivered. of the Mission Board, but there are Last Spring I went down there five hundred souls there, and what to hold a confirmation class that are they worth to God?

consisted of an old man and his And so it goes. I could describe wife, they being past seventy, their much of the mission work of Idaho granddaughter, and a young man very much as I have described the who has been dying for two years places mentioned. And what is with tuberculosis. This young true of Idaho is likewise true of man was so weak he could not Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, stand nor kneel. The missionary New Mexico, Eastern Oregon and had gone into the country after Eastern Washington, Montana, him, bathed him, shaved him and Western Colorado, parts of Kan- dressed him and brought him in. sas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas.

I wish you could go with me This is the sort of territory and into the Boise Basin country. This this the sort of work which con- is a valley of abandoned gold stitute the chaUenge of the West.

mines, peopled largely by old Here and there is a prosperous timers, left there as a sort of de- little city. But for the most part posit by the tides of frenzied gold- these are self-supporting points.

seekers who came and went forty The little cities have their Cham- years ago. It lies in the mountains bers of Commerce and you read of fifty miles back of Boise. We have the prosperity of towns like Twin a young, unmarried clergyman who Falls, and Idaho Falls, Reno, is the only minister of the Gospel Phcenix, Prescott, and many in that country. The Roman priest others, and are apt to think they goes in occasionally for Mass. constitute the mission field of the This is one of the districts allocated West. Nothing could be further to the Episcopal Church by the from the truth. These little towns, Idaho Home Missions Council. It which in many cases are pros- will never be self-supporting unless perous, are oases in the desert.

there is another great gold strike, They may be one hundred, or five and the possibility of that becomes hundred, or a thousand miles increasingly remote. There are a apart. But there are men and few little mining camps where women and children living in all men are at work, and a few scat- the country that lies between.

tered children. In a country, the They are lonely and scattered, and size of the state of Rhode Island, often desperately poor, but they there are perhaps five hundred peo- are God's children, and for them pIe; a handful here, and another the Church has a message so long handful across fifteen miles of as she is true to her Master.

mountain. There are trails which Sometimes we are asked, "Why for the most part a car can navi- spend the Church's money and men gate if the driver does not mind a on these scattered folk, when there one-way road with a thousand feet is so much to be done where peo- above him and three thousand feet ple may be more easily reached- below. When the trails are ended and in greater numbers?" So

speaks the practical business man In two or three more generations, from the pew, or in the councils of we will have in the West stable the Church. communities which in size and number will compare with older The first thing I wish to say is farming towns farther east. What that there is a new West coming of the Kingdom of God when that into existence. In the old days the day comes? Will these cities of West was a land of roving herds, the future be built with God hav~ roving prospectors, roving lumber~ ing been left out? That is the quesmen; no community and no Church tion we are answering today. could be built on such a migratory Since the West was first opened up population. To a large extent the missionary work has been done migratory character of the people HOLDING A COMMMUNION SERVICE IN THE WILDERNESS OF IDAHO still persists, for there are years there, but then it was largely a when the snow is light, and the question of preaching the Gospel reservoirs stand empty, and crops to those who passed through on fail and farms are lost and the their way to a quick and easy forbankrupt farmer moves on. But tune. Today we are laying founda- tions of a more permanent charon the whole the farmer is a stable acter for the life of tomorrow. factor in the life of a country, and With proper methods of timber in the West is becoming more so as conservation and the mining of irrigation projects are developed, low-grade ores, lumbering and reservoirs enlarged, and new mining tend to become permanent sources of water tapped. industries rather than the easy road to wealth for a "fly-by-night" This is a process which has been going on for one generation only.

population. Agriculture is today they are thinking and talking in the largest money producer in a terms of Church Extension, when vast territory which formerly as a matter of fact we ought to be raised almost nothing. There is thinking in terms of human need going to be an empire here in an- and unsaved souls. We are not out other generation or two, and it in the West chiefly for the purpose will be God's empire if we are of building up self-supporting faithful now in the day of new be- churches with the resources of our ginnings. scattered people, but to build up the Kingdom of God among the So I believe that the maintenance scattered people with the resources of the Church in these weak places of our great national churches. is sound strategy. But it is more Until we get this point of view, we than that. It is good religion. If are mistaking the means for the the practical business man still end. doubts the strategy of the situation, I would remind him of a little In the long run, this ideal of unstory I once read about a lost selfish service is the surest way to sheep. There was a Shepherd who self-support, for when the West did not stay in the sheep-fold with comes into its own it will give its the ninety and nine, but who went loyalty and its love to those into the wilderness after that which was lost-and alone. May- Churches who in the name of be that seemed a foolish thing to Christ ministered to it in its weakdo, and yet the strategy was sound ness. It is a new interpretation of the old message – "if you would -for today that Shepherd is the save your life you must lose it." King of Life. Or of this – "seek ye first the Kingdom of God …. and all these The difficulty with most of our things shall be added unto you." "practical business men" is that THE SPOKEN WORD 1 Corinthians 14: 10 By MARY E. HOUGH The Spoken word, the runic legends say, No sooner heard, springs into sudden being.

Unsaid, it is a sheJl, A tight-bound seed, a cell; But said, behold unloosed, a soul is fleeing; Ego full-fledged and terrible in might, With weapon edged for wrong-or right.

Kind thought-so priceless! Yet if left unheard, A Parsifal, who at a sick king's portal Is mute and hesitates To work the cure that waits A question. Our prayers expressed may bloom immortal; The Talmud says an angel listening stands To gather up their petals in his hands.

-The Congregationalist.

JESUS' WORLD-WIDE

BY REV. S. L. MORRIS, D.D., Atlanta, Georgia Emeoutlve Becretary oJ tlte Oommittee of Home M"8im18 oj tn. Presbyt.rian Churen (U. S.) T HOUGH an oriental, a native to His Church is the basis of all of one of the smallest coun- missionary operations. He said to tries of the world, a member His disciples when on earth: (1) of the narrowest of races, Jesus The limited commission, "Go to the rose far above his people, his lost sheep of the house of Israel"; times, his training, traditions and (2) the enlarged commission, "Go environments, and was the first ye into all the world"; (3) the allwhose sympathies and purposes inclusive commission, "And ye embraced the whole world of man- shall be witnesses unto me both in kind. His love and mission of Jerusalem and in all Judea, and in service were irrespective of race- Samaria,· and unto the uttermost prejudices and national ambitions. part of the earth." They embraced the whole wide The unfortunate and unwar- world. ranted distinction between "Home" A man's conception of the and "Foreign" Missions has greatly retarded the progress of the King- "world" reveals his conception of dom. the mission of Christ and the task of the Church. Indirectly it in- 1. One pernicious error that has dicates his attitude as to his re- resulted comes from undue emsponsibility for promoting Christ's phasis on "beginning at Jeru- ideals and carrying out His pro- salem." It has crystallized into the gram: half-truth, "Charity begins at home," with its attendant, inex- 1. The "world" is one of the cusable excuse–"enough work to eight planets revolving around the be done at home." If the Church sun, and not even a tirst-class should remain at "Jerusalem" until planet. Jupiter is twelve hundred every individual is converted, it times the size of the earth. would never advance beyond "Jeru- salem" while the world stands. 2. The "world" comprises the vast populations of the globe, 2. An equally mischievous error "composed of all nations and kin- dred and peoples and tongues," is to limit the commission to the ever increasing, and estimated at heathen world. This also reduces this time as over 1,750,000,000. the task of the Church to a part This is only a fraction of the peo- rather than the whole. pIes, past and future, whom we are told that "God so loved." In look- Jesus never said, "Go ye into all ing at the two hemispheres that the civilized world or into all the "heathen world," but into all the make a world we cannot eliminate world. Is not the time propitious either hemisphere in our program for discarding all narrow concepof Christian service without dis- tions of the task of the Church, crediting the larger conception of and for so enlarging the thought Christ's ideal as to the scope of the of men that they will take into cal- Church's paramount task. culation a real world-program, and into their sympathies every phase The Great Commission of Christ 17 2

of missionary effort essential to ituallife of the Church which was the fulfilment of the Great Com- overcome only by the rise of mission? Puritanism, the Methodist Revival Christ, in his parables, forecasts and the missionary awakening the two opposite resultant develop- under Carey, Morrison and others. ments, the one material and outward, the other spiritual and un- Church history has impressed seen: the fact that it is easier to evan- gelize a nation than to maintain 1. The grain of mustard seed the Christian standard. It is easier may represent Christendom, the to conquer a country for Christ human resultant of the Gospel, than to hold it for Christ. Where nominal Christianity, promoted by is Jerusalem, the Mother Church? false methods, emphasis on num- Where is Antioch that sent out bers, and worldly consideration. Paul and Barnabas, the first dis- tinctive for e i g n missionaries? 2. The leaven may represent the Where are the Churches of Asia divine purpose, spiritual Chris- Minor? Where are the North tianity, the kingdom that "cometh African churches of Alexandria, not with observation." The two Hippo, and others that in the early parables illustrate the vast differ- days of ,Christianity counted a ence between Christendom and thousand bishops? Mohammedan- Christianity. ism has uprooted Christianity in these scenes of the early Christian These two objectives may be ex- triumphs, and from hundreds of pressed as evangelizing the world, minarets and towers 200,000,000 and Christianizing Christendom.

The evangelist who casts the gos- followers of the "false Prophet" pel "net unto the sea" of humanity hear the call: "God is God and "gathers of every kind"; the pastor who applies the principles there is no God but God, and Moof the Kingdom, "gathers the hammed is His prophet." good" for useful service. Missions are first an evangelizing program Will this history repeat itself in and second a Christianizing proc- the United States? In our "Chrisess. Each is equally important tian country," with its splendid civilization, material development and great religious organizations, and the one is the complement of is there no danger of degeneration? the other. Neither objective When machinery is substituted for should overshadow or overbalance spirituality; when the Church is the other. They go hand in hand. overorganized and cumbered with The effect of the Emperor Con- machinery, it is in danger of break- stantine's program for indiscrim- ing beneath its own weight. To- inate world-conquest – converting day culture is often more in evi- the chief of a tribe and then pro- dence than piety. The Church is claiming the nation Christian and becoming "rich and increased with baptizing them en masse -led to goods" and is in danger of becom- nominal Christianity and resulted ing self-satisfied. Commercialism in the Dark Ages. On the other and worldliness. in many places, hand, the neglect of Foreign Mis- sap the life of the Church.

sions in the early centuries after The two greatest enterprises the Protestant Reformation re- confronting the American Church sulted in the stagnation of the spir- of the Twentieth Century are stilI

JESUS' WORLD-WIDE PROGRAM

the Evangelization of the World today is financing the vast worldand the Christianization of Amer- program. No haphazard, sentiica. The first is the aim of the de- mental, emotional, one-sided appartment of Church operations peal for an individual cause will suffice. We must recognize the known as Foreign Missions; the wholeness and oneness of the task; second is the task of the coordinate we must adopt a well-balanced department designated Home Mis- budget; uniting all the forces of sions. To enlarge the circum- the Church in faithful teamwork ference is to increase the area in- to support the whole work of the cluded in the circle. The successes Church at home and abroad. of Foreign Missions necessarily enlarge the sphere of Home Mis- The need of the great non-Chrissions. They are as mutually de- tian world is so appalling that it pendent for the advance of the taxes the sympathy and resources Kingdom of Christ as the two oars of the Church beyond all calculaof a boat, or the two departments tion. At the same time, paganism of an army-the forces advancing at home is challenging America to on the firing line and the forces at a trial of strength. If the Church the base of supplies. The one ad- should lose the battle in America, vances into new territory, estab- the spiritual conquest of the world lishing outposts; the other as- would be postponed for generasimilates it and makes the new land and peoples an integral part tions. Win America for Christ and of the Kingdom. His Kingdom now and the triumph of the Cross will spread its spir- A great practical problem that itual influence "to the uttermost confronts the Church in America part of the earth."

TO WIN THE WORLD Would you win all the world for Christ? One way there is and only one; You must live Christ from day to day, And see His will he done.

But who lives Christ must tread His way, Leave self and all the world behind, Press ever up and on, and serve His kind with single mind.

No easy way,-rough-strewn with stones, And wearisome, the path He trod.

But His way is the only way That leads man hack to God.

And lonesome oft, and often dark With shame, and outcastry, and scorn, And, at the end, perchance a cross, And many a crown of thorn.

But His lone cross and crown of thorn Endure when crowns and empires fall.

The milfht of His undying love In dymg conquered all.

Only by treading in His steps The all-compelling ways of Love, Shall earth be won, and man made one With that Great Love above. -John Oxenham. THE MYSTERY OF MARSHAL FENG BY REV. JONATHAN GOFORTH, D.D., Szepingkai, Manchuria Pm'ty l'ca.rs u- .lli.ssiolluJ'Y of the Preshytrri(lJU Church of Canuda T HIS friend and associate of I have given up Christianity be- General Fen g Yu-ksiang, cause I do not have religious work writes as follows to The Life carried on in the Army as in of Faith: former days. Then our Army was "Last September I went to Nan- small, and we could do as we king hoping to find Marshal Feng wished, but now our Army is very there, but he had gone a thousand . large. There are two Moham- miles away into the northwest. medan Generals in my Army, and "General Chang Chih-chiang another General is a noted Bud- was there acting for Marshal Feng, dhist. It would not be right to cur- and on a table in his large recep- tail their religious privileges, for tion-room gift Bibles were piled up we stand for freedom in religion.

ready for distribution. He pre- We know that man "does not live sented me wfth one, and wrote with by bread alone," and our Christian his own hand on the fly leaf, 'May reliance is upon the Word of God.'

grace and peace from God the Fa- "An earnest Christian doctor ther and from the Lord Jesus who has been in close association Christ be bestowed upon Pastor with Marshal Feng for months re- Goforth and family even unto ever- cently, seemed to be surprised that more.' He signed himself Chang the reality of his Christianity could Chih-chiang, the servant of the be questioned. On several occa- Lord Jesus Christ, and affixed his sions the Marshal asked him to seal. dine with him, and each time he " 'General,' I said, 'Marshal Feng gave thanks before eating. The is about the most spoken-against doctor also told me that Marshal man in the world. Many say he is Feng had said that his hope for not a Christian. What do you say?' the regeneration of China was on "'I believe him to be a real the Bible, and not on the principles Christian,' he replied. of Dr. Sun.

"General Chiang, a man of about "The testimony of two mission- forty-three years of age, is chair- aries living in Nanking was that man of the commission for the dis- while Marshal Feng sojourned in bandment of superfluous soldiers, the city he was the most outstand- and also chairman of the commis- ing Christian there.

sion for the suppression of opium. "When I first came to know Mar- Marshal Feng is a member of the shal Feng intimately, he was a same commission. He it was who brigade commander, I saw proof led General Chiang to Christ. sufficient to convince me that he "Among other things he told was a man really born again of the how the Marshal had invited all Spirit of God. I have not changed the Chinese pastors of Nanking to my opinion since then, and no day dine with him. To them the Mar- has passed without praying for shal said something to the follow- him. My trust is in our almighty ing effect: 'Do not imagine that Saviour."

20

TESTAMENT MISSIONARY

BY ROLAND ALLEN, Amenbury, Beaconsfield, Bucks, England Author of uMis8ifrnm"y ..lle-thods: St. Pa'lll's or Ours/) Ntf'..

The word "ideals" is one which is ever on our lips in these days, and sometimes seems to lead us astray. We too often appear to think that we have done our duty by them when we have talked about ideals. In the New Testament we do not hear so much about ideals as about springs of activity, controlling principles, prophetic visions of the glory to be. There is a great gulf between these and our "ideals." Contrast for instance, "the ideal missionary is a man of strong Christian personality, of winning Christ-like character," the talk which we hear at missionary conferences about the ideal minister, with the direction: "Look ye out men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom" (Acts 6: 3), or "The Bishop must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober" (1 Tim. 3: 2, seq.). The one may be remote from the facts, the other is an earnest, vigorous, demand which keeps close to the facts. Contrast the Christian "ideals" by which some missionary educationalists hope to permeate heathen society with Christ's words, "Ye are the salt of the earth." Too often when the word "ideals" is the subject of our missionary speech, the strong, salutary, sober, force of "the obedience of Christ" seems to disappear, and a weak and nebulous "Christianity" takes its place. In place of "ideals" let us consider sonie of the principles and directions of the New Testament in relation to: (1) The missionary and his work, and (2) The society and its rites.-R. A.

The Missionary and His Work to Gentiles or Samaritans was ob- T HE first sending out of mis- viously only for that time; the sionaries by Christ Himself, direction to heal was not to use the as told in the Gospels, reveals art of a physician but the faith of an exorcist; the direction to go some important facts. without provision was only for that (1) Christ prepared His first time, because it was later definitely withdrawn (Luke 22: 35); the Apostles by taking them about direction to accept hospitality is with Him and showing them by connected closely with the acword and example what they were ceptance of their peace, as the to do. He did not train evangelists direction to turn away from those theoretically in a school apart who refused hospitality is confrom the work. He trained them nected with the refusal to hear in the work, not outside it; in the them. Where the message of world, not in a hothouse. Christ is refused a moral hearing, there it is a moral duty to refuse (2) He sent them forth with to continue to repeat it. We see the charge: "Go not into the way this in the practice of St. Paul of the Gentiles and into any city (Acts 18: 6). of the Samaritans enter ye not: but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." And He told them (Matthew 10: 5-15; Mark (3) Christ sent out the Seventy 6: 7-11; and Luke 9: 1-5): (a) to in like manner as His personal preach, (b) to heal (including rais- forerunners (Luke 10: 1-12) with ing the dead and casting out very nearly the same directions.

devils), (c) to go without pro- In this passage the saying ocurs, vision, (d) to accept hospitality, "The laborer' is worthy of his (e) to turn away openly from hire." That applies to wandering those who refused to receive them messengers, bidding them accept and to hear them. We mustob- hospitality, and is quite different serve that the direction not to go from a direction that missionaries 21

should be paid a salary-a thing 4. The judgment will come suddenly abhorrent in the eyes of early and unexpectedly (5: 2, 3). Christians (cf. the denunciation of a salary by Apollonius quoted in 5. Jesus the Son of God (1: 10), given Eusebius H. E. V. 18.2). over to death (5: 10), raised from the dead (4: 14), is the Saviour from the The first immediate consequence wrath of God (1: 10). of the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost was a preaching of 6. The Kingdom of God is now set up Christ to Jews gathered from all and all men are invited to enter it (2: parts of the world. The learned 12). dispute so much about the meaning of speaking with tongues that we 7. Those who believe and turn to God are apt to overlook the significance are now expecting the coming of the of the fact that the preaching of Saviour who will returnrrom heaven to the Gospel to men from all parts of receive them (1: 10; 4: 15-17).

8. Meanwhile their lives must be pure (4: 1-8), useful (4: 11,12), and watch- ful (5: 4-8).

9. To that end God has given them His Holy Spirit (4: 8; 5: 19).

The Society and Its Rites the world was the first work of the That Christ did not contemplate Holy Spirit. He first revealed His only the conversion of a number of power in the Apostles by impelling men and women who believed in them to preach Christ to men from Him, but also their establishment every nation under heaven. as a society upon earth, is seen both St. Paul followed Christ. He in his references to the Church in went forth as a preacher of the His speech, and even more clearly Gospel rather than as a social re- in His ordinance of baptism, a rite former. Like Christ he went about of admission to a society, and of doing good and healed the sick with the Lord's Supper, a rite of com- the word of power; as Christ munion in the osociety.

directed, when men refused to give The Apostles followed Christ in him moral attention, he shook his this; they established a society, a raiment and went to those who spiritual society on earth. The es- would hear. He preached Christ; tablishment of this society is most the improvement of agriculture; clearly seen in the work and writ- the establishment of schools and ing of the Apostle Paul. He recog- colleges; the eradication of social nized a Church; he established evils, such as slavery; the im- churches. The churches were local provement of government, were organized groups of Christians not his direct work. These things with officers called presbyters, or followed in due course, but he did bishops; the Church was the uni- not aim at them directly as his im- versal of which these were the par- mediate work. The subject of his ticulars. The churches were estab- early preaching is set out for us lished by the Apostle in this way: in the Acts,but most clearly in his he did not establish a mission sta- first letter to the Thessalonians. tion where missionaries might live There we find this Gospel: and take care' of new-born Chris- 1. There is one living and true God tians; when he had gathered a few converts he ordained elders from (1: 9).

2. Idolatry is sinful and must be for- among them (Acts 14: 23, etc.). saken (1: 9). It is hard to discover from the 3. The wrath of God is ready to be words of the New Testament prerevealed against the heathen for their cisely what their duties were. impurity (4: 6), and against the Jews That is natural. The society, the for their rejection of Christ and their opposition to the Gospel (2: 15, 16). Church, was constituted with its tellectual with which is attached proper officers and everyone knew power to exhort. The Apostle does at the time what was expected of not expect men to be ordained who them, and their duties were not are inexperienced and not yet set- formally defined. St. Paul told the tled, just fresh from college, but elders of Ephesus that it was their married men with experience of duty "to feed the Church of God" life and an established reputation and that is all. in the place; free from the com- By what means the elders, whom mon prevalent vices of their age the Apostle ordained, were selected and country. This is extremely we have no certain knowledge. It practical. We do not follow his is not clear that there was any in- directions today.

variable method. Matthias was The elders ordained did not re- chosen to be an Apostle by lot after ceive any salary for their work.

two had been selected as suitable They received offerings (1 Tim- men (Acts 1: 23-26); the seven in othy 5: 17-18); but St. Paul, in Jerusalem were chosen apparently addressing the elders of Ephesus, by the Christian community either urges them by his own example to by acclamation, or formal vote earn their living by the labor of (Acts 6: 5); the elders in Galatia their hands that they may have were "appointed," and the word money with which to help the poor suggests election (Acts 14:23). (Acts 20: 35), and it is certain Titus was directed "to appoint" that for centuries after this many elders in every city (Titus 1: 5). of the clergy did so. It certainly The word does not suggest any was not the rule that ministers popular election, but rather the should receive stipends, still less contrary. The laying on of hands that a congregation of Christian with prayer was the constant prac- men should have no ministers be- tice in ordination and appointment cause it could not support them.

to any spiritual work. Every church had more than one.

The type of man to be ordained The appointment of officers was is set forth plainly in the Pastoral essentially for the local church.

epistles (1 Timothy 3: 2-13, Titus The congregation must be properly 1: 5-9). There is in the New organized, but the individual was Testament no ideal picture of an not ordained to the ministry apart ideal minister, such as we delight from any particular congregation in; there is instead a very definite and then sent to minister anywhere and clear statement of the quali- where a minister was needed. In fications which are necessary for the New Testament we never hear a minister, a statement which is of a minister being sent, or called, meant to be a very practical rule to serve a church of which he was for action. In the first of these not a resident member before his passages there are five personal ordination. There is no trace of virtues, six social virtues, one our modern practice of a man be- moral-intellectual, two concerned ing ordained and then finding, or with reputation. In the second being given, a sphere of work. It passage there are eight personal was far more true in those days virtues, four social virtues, one that a church had the minister. than concerning the home, one concern- that a minister had a church. That ing reputation and one moral-in- is a vital and important distinction. The Apostle always addresses ordained ministers for the church the Church as a whole, that is the in Laodicea or in Hierapolis, or in laity with their officers, never the those many cities in Asia Minor officers alone as representing the the existence of which we only Church. Whether he is giving know many years later when the praise or blame, it is the whole name of their bishop occurs in a body to which the praise or blame list of bishops attending a Council? is addressed. The whole body was The Apostle did not constitute exhorted to deal with cases of dis- himself the sale arbiter of the excipline. The whole body was re- pansion of the Church. He exsponsible both for the admission pressly says that he was not sent and exclusion of members and for to baptize (1 Cor. 1: 17) but he their conduct as members. They never suggests that Christians all observed the Lord's Supper and were not baptized. When once the were all responsible for its right church was constituted with its observance. own officers, the admission of new Such churches could multiply converts rested with the church, themselves and they did. Who first not alone with the Apostles.

LET US PRAY'

1. For a Missionary Spirit.-That the Church may see the whole world's need of Christ, and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

II. For a Spirit of Prayer.-That Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught His disciples to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

III. For a Spirit of Sacrifice.-That the Church may be will- ing, at whatever cost, to follow and to bear witness to the way of Christ.

IV. For a Spirit of Unity.-That the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

V. For the Gift of Interpretation.-That the Church may learn to preach the eternal Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

VI. For Courageous Witness in Moral Questions.-That the witness of the Church in the moral questions of our day may truly , reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

VII. For a Spirit of Service.-That a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work at home and abroad in our generation.

VIII. For the Completion of our own Conversion.-For the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifestation of God's redeeming love and power.

• CopiE'S can hp obtainl:"d from thlP Intprnaiiol1al lIis~iol1""t'y f'onn("H. 2 Eiltnn GlltP-. London. S.W.l, or 41D ~'ourth Ave" New York. Price 10 cents per dozen, 50 eents per hundred, PQst ,pald.

IMPRESSIONS OF AFRICA *

W. REGINALD WHEELER, New York "I Secretary oj the Board 01 Foreign .. fissions of the Presbyterian Church BEG to direct your attention ica and approximately 100,000 to Africa." So spoke David copies of specially prepared books Livingstone at Cambridge on Africa will be read and dis- University, in 1857. The past cussed by American friends of seventy years have witnessed a Africa.

world-wide response to his appeal. Concerning any hitherto un- The explorer has heard the call. visited land or country, certain In 1857, little was known of the elemental questions arise. Where interior of the "Dark Continent"; is it? How large is it? How many in 1927, practically the whole con- people live there, and what are they tinent had been explored and like? To whom does the country mapped. belong? What does it produce, Foreign governments have lis- and what things that we use every tened and acted. In 1857, over day come from Africa? Is this nine-tenths of the continent was country and its people in need of self-governing; in 1927, the frac- help? Of my help? What of the tion was reversed in favor of the missionary work of the Church European powers. there?

The trader has heard. In 1857, Where is Africa? The great the entire commerce of Africa was bulk of the continent lies between worth less than $200,000,000; in the Tropics of Capricorn and of 1927, it exceeded three billions. Cancer. Only a comparatively The missionary was in Africa small northern section, which is early in the nineteenth century, partly desert, and includes Mo- but his activities received a mighty rocco, Algeria, Libya, and Egypt, impetus after the death of Living- lies in the North Temperate zone.

stone in 1873. In 1927, the roll of Only the Cape Province, the Protestant missionaries in Africa Orange Free State, and the Trans- was over 6,000, with a native staff vaal lie wholly in the South Tem- of workers exceeding 40,000. The perate zone.

figures for the Roman Catholic Africa and South America might mIssIonary force record 2,600 at one time have been united. The foreign priests, and 8,000 "broth- northern and eastern shores of ers" and "sisters." A conference in South America, if moved eastward, the Congo has recently celebrated would fit almost exactly into the fifty years of Protestant work in concave contour of the Western that area, and at Accra the centen- African shores. South' America is nial of missions on the Gold Coast only 1,800 miles from Africa but has been observed. In 1928-1929, extends much further south. In Africa is to be the subject of spe- Africa a sun helmet is the indis- cial study in the churches in Amer- pensable and ever-present posses- • Mr. Wheeler has recently returned from a sion of the white man. Direful visit to 'Vest Africa. His fresh first iDlpres~ tales are told of those who discard SiOllS show vbat a remarkable limd and people their helmets for even a few minpromise in future development.-EDIToR.

25

utes. This is not the case in South Africa is farther from America America. Altitude affects tem- than from Europe. In a direct perature and climate as well as line, Douala, Cameroun, is 5,500 latitude, and there are tablelands miles from New York. It is less and plateaus, particularly in East than that from Buenos Aires in Africa, that are more healthful Argentina. It is possible to go than the coastal sections, but it is from New York to Buenos Aires also true that the continent as a in 18 days, while to reach Camer- whole lies in the tropics and its oun by passenger steamer from climate and the environment of its New York, one must go first to inhabitants are subject to the England or France, and must effects of such a tropical location. travel nearly 8,000 miles. Thirty How large i8 Africa? Eleven days is the record time for travel and a half million square miles; between Douala and New York.

four times as large as continental How many people live in Africa?

United States; as large as Europe, About one hundred and thirty mil- the United States, India and China lion, a slightly larger population combined. The vastness of Africa than that of the United States, is impressiye as compared with which is one-fourth the size of China and South America. But Africa; and one-third the popula- Africa's great size seems greater tion of Europe, which has one- because of the lack of modern sys- third the area. The average den- tems of transportation. There are sity of the African population is only 35,000 miles of railroad in the eleven to the square mile and in entire continent, less than one- some areas, less than one to the tenth of the mileage in the United square mile. In the United States States which has one-fourth of the population is 35.5 to the square Africa's area. In China, and in mile; in Japan and England, 650; South America, inland transporta- in Belgium, 1,200. The Belgian tion is facilitated by great rivers, Congo with its area of 910,000 the Yangtze and the Amazon. square miles has a population of Their counterparts in Africa are seven million. Belgium itself, with the Nile and the Congo and on an area of one-eightieth the size of these rivers and on the Niger and the Congo has approximately the the Zambesi, river steamers are an same population. Dr. J. H. Old- aid to transportation. Steadily ham points out that the area of the more railroads are being built; five territories in East Africa motor roads are being laid out; a under British administration is car has been driven from the At- more than. half the size of India, lantic to the East Coast and from and while the population of India Cairo to the Cape; aeroplanes fly is 318,000,000, British East Africa from Dakar in Senegal to Morocco has only 12,000,000. The economic on the Mediterranean, and 1,000 urge of the congested areas in miles up the Congo, and an air Europe and elsewhere toward these route has been planned from the unpopulated areas in Africa is Cape to Europe. But taken as a logical.

whole, transportation in Africa is There is in Africa practically still in the Victorian Era; and in none of the congestion, with its certain interior areas would seem odoriferousness and the sense of to be in the Pleistocene Age. discomfort that characterize life in

FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF AFRICA

China and in the Far East. In this are a primitive people. They have sense, Africa resembles South few written records and, aside America more than the Orient. from Egypt, have built practically There is a resulting atmosphere of no lasting cities and have left no freedom and of opportunity for monuments. We look in vain for growth and self-expression. Under some such relics of the past as the these conditions, the tropics seem walled cities and the temples and the more livable and attractive. pagodas of China; or the temples What kind of people live in and stone relics of the Mayas and Africa? Whether they are of the Toltecs and Aztecs in Mexico; or Semitic and Hamitic peoples of of the Incas in South America. M.

North Africa or the Negro of the Louis Franck, a former Governor Black Belt of Central and West in the Belgian Congo, writes: Africa or the Bantu south of this If you travel from the Sudan to the line, they are "Black People." In Zambesi, you will everywhere love the numbers the white population, ex- African native for his many and great cept in British South Africa and qualities, both moral and intellectual, in a narrow strip along the Medi- but you will observe that there is not terranean, is almost negligible. to be found one monument, one building, In Algeria, Tunis, and Morocco, one souvenir of the past. The long space of time has gone without any real and fundamental approach to civilization.

there are a million whites, and To whom does Africa belong?

twelve million blacks; in South Not to the African apparently, but Africa, there are a million and a to the European. Nine-tenths of half whites and about seven mil- the continent has been appro- lion blacks. Except in Liberia and priated and controlled by European Abyssinia, the government is in powers. Liberia alone is nominally the hands of the whites, but their a free power, with Abyssinia and number is small. Egypt having limited powers of For the most part, the black self-government. In Liberia, the people are in the primitive stage United States, through loans and of racial development. They have in advisory capacities, has large come late upon the world's stage measures of influence. The experi- of modern life, but they are not ment of the Mandated Territories, lacking in energy or ability when put into effect since the war, will rightly taught and led. The skill be watched with hopeful interest.

and strength of the natives on the What does Africa produce?

West Coast, the cleanliness and What of the things that are of order of the coast towns and the everyday use in America come lack of conspicuous poverty, are from Africa? Miss Mackenzie, in tributes to the genius of the British "Friends of Africa," quotes an Colonial Government. Among the African school book, written for Blacks are men of conspicuous African children, in which dia- ability and talents such as the late monds are described as "Valuable Dr. James Emman Kwegyir Ag- because European and Indian grey, Vice-principal of the Prince ladies will pay large sums for them of Wales College at Achimoto on as they like to wear them as orna- the Gold Coast, and Bishop T. ments." The Kimberley Mines in Momolu Gardiner of Liberia, who South Africa produce four-fifths of are the peers of any white man. the diamonds of the world. Miss But, taken as a whole, the natives Mackenzie also quotes the state-

ment of John Harris that in the ploiting power, but with the geninitial process of the production of eral welfare of the people in view. soap, natives on the West Coast The mandate system, under the climb a million miles a year in the League of Nations, is being given palm oil trees of that region. The its chief test in Africa today. Ar- Gold Coast produces one-half of the ticle 22 of the Covenant, referring world's supply of cocoa. The fa- to such mandated areas reads: miliar British unit of value, the "That the well-being and developguinea, derives its name from the ment of such peoples form a sacred Gulf of Guinea off the African trust of civilization." Dr. E. AlIe- West Coast where in early days gold was found. The J ohannes- gret, in a recent article, has drawn burg mines produce one-third of attention to the statement of the the gold output of the world today. Colonial Minister in France, made Rubber and cotton production are on February 2, 1926, in inauguratjust beginning. The Firestone ing the Academy of Colonial Company of America has recently Science whose motto–To Know, to secured in Liberia a concession Understand, to Respect, to Lovesaid to be nearly a million acres in embodies the whole political proextent, for the production of rub- gram, when he said: "It has never ber there. Thus for the things of been held by France, nor will everyday use-soap and cocoa and it ever be by the Republic, that rubber – and for the things of men are so many instruments for value, gold and diamonds, we have labor and production. In every Africa to thank. In this day of human being, whatever his color, importance of raw materials and there is that sacred element-huof foreign markets, African pro- manity. To protect and defend duction and consumption are in- this human spark, to lead these creasingly important and neces- men, wisely and perseveringly, to sary, first to Europe and also to that civilization where brother- America. Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones hood and labor, justice and peace, asserts: "Africa is more and more will reign-that is our aim and our heralded as the one remaining con- ideal." These ideals are in line tinent of raw material, to which with the best traditions of Amerall the over-populated continents ican policy. The work of respon- sible colonial officers, such as Sir must turn." Frederic Lugard in Nigeria, and Sir Gordon Guggisberg in the Gold Interest in Africa. All these Coast, have been in accord with aspects of Africa – tropical loca- ideals implied in these statements. tion, vast size, sparse population, Cameroun, where the American foreign control, and indigenous Presbyterian Church is at work, products and consumption-are of is a mandate, and the missionaries general interest. But there are are in direct contact with the four special reasons why Africa working out of this type of govappeals to Americans today. ernment by the French.

Experiments in Government Messianic Service First, because of the experiment In the second place, there is the now being undertaken there in opportunity in Africa for a mesgovernment, not solely for the in- sianic service by the descendants terest of the governing and ex-

of the Africans in America. The Mr. J. H. Oldham quotes a negro churches in America are writer on French Colonial affairs awakening to their opportunities who states that the population in and responsibilities in the evan- French Equatorial Africa in 1911 gelization of Africa. Out of the was at least 4,900,000, and may curse of slavery, that, it has been have been as high as 6,000,000.

estimated, has cost Africa nearly In 1921, the estimate of the pop- a hundred million lives, may come ulation was 2,848,956. In certain the blessing of a new sharing of sections in the middle Congo it is Christ by the black people of Amer- reported that sleeping sickness has ica with their brothers overseas. destroyed four-fifths of the total In former years when the Presby- population. In Cameroon, with a terian Mission was in Liberia, population of two million, there three-fourths of its force of mis- are about 100,000 cases and in one sionaries were black. Since the district 67% are infected. Heroic mission was moved to Cameroun, service is being rendered in the at- for various reasons, such appoint- tempt to heal "this open sore of the ments have not been made, but in world." The French and British 1928 two Negro missionaries were Governments are putting forth sent to Africa and it is expected strenuous and skillful efforts to that others will follow them later. combat sleeping sickness. Ameri- The colored church in America cans have had a share in this serv- should be quickened and stirred to ice. Dr. Louise Pearce, of the new achievements by this oppor- Rockefeller Institute, has devel- tunity of sharing in the preaching oped a remedy-Tryparsamide-by of Christ in Africa. which it is hoped that sleeping sick- ness may eventually be eradicated.

Tragic, Human Need Three doctors in the employ of the In the third place, there is the Rockefeller Foundation have withappeal of a wide-spread and tragic in the past two months given their human need. This need presses lives in the effort to discover the upon the heart of anyone who remedy for yellow fever. knows Africa. The African is beset by the foes of malaria, yellow But the deepest needs are being fever, dysentery, hook-worm, vene- met by the foreign missionaries scattered over the whole land. The real disease, and more recently, total foreign staff of the Protestant sleeping sickness. Accurate sta- missionary societies in Africa is 6,289*; the total native staff, 43,- tistics are not generally available, 181, including 2,021 ordained men, but it is evident that in many areas 38,126 unordained and 2,656 womthe infant mortality, instead of be- en. The Christian community is ing 70 to 80 per thousand as in approximately 2,600,000; the total Europe or America, runs as high as 300 and 400 per thousand; 'number of schools, 17,000 with three or four out of every ten chil- nearly a million students. There dren will die before they are one are 116 hospitals, 366 dispensaries, year of age. It has been estimated 139 physicians, and 235 nurses. that in some areas seventy per The "Little Atlas of Catholic Mis- cent of the people have sleeping sickness. '" See H125 e(lition of 'l'hc 1Vo"ld Missionary Atlus.

sions" reports 2,624 foreign dispensaries and hospitals dot the priests, 145 native priests, 1,598 continent. They have brought in Brothers, 6,503 Sisters, approxi- the printing press and have formately 800,000 students, and a mulated written languages in many total Christian community of areas where none existed before, about 3,000,000, of whom 375,000 translating the Bible into 244 difwere born outside the continent. ferent dialects. They have estab- lished agricultural and industrial The appeal of Christ to the centers. And through all this ac- African heart dates from long ago. tivity, and with untiring devotion, Tradition says that one of the they have preached Christ, as the three wise men who worshipped at Light of the World, with the prom- Bethlehem came from Africa; ise and hope that all who follow Africa was a place of refuge for Him may not walk in darkness but Jesus and Joseph and Mary, and have the light of life. Miss Jean there the boy Jesus doubtless Kenyon Mackenzie, a former memlearned to walk; according to tra- ber of the West Africa Mission of dition, it was an African who bore the Presbyterian Church, quotes a the cross to Calvary. The Chris- Bulu who said to her: tian missionaries and their associates have been powers in educa- "Before I knew the things of tion and today a large proportion Jesus, I was like a young child cryof the education of the people is in ing in the dark for fear; but when their hands. They have blazed the I knew Jesus, it was as if my way for medical service and their mother put her hand on me."

A SIGNIFICANT CONGO SCENE By H. D. BROWN, Ntondo, Belgian Congo T HE lake was peaceful, and the setting sun sent its red ~lant.ing rays across it, making a pathway of wondrous beauty. Stand- ing some distance from the shore, and viewing the scene through the framework of two sentinel palms it made a striking pictUre. Suddenly we heard the strains of a hymn, "Count Your Many Blessings," rising from somewhere, becoming ever more clear and distinct. Hurrying to the edge of the cliff which girt the lake, we saw a sight that filled us with more joy than anything we had seen. A strange dark looking mass was drawing nearer, and we could now see three canoes lashed together, crowded with peo- ple. It was a party of African pilgrims, coming to our "ikoka," or meeting. On the outside edges stood the paddlers, bodies grace- fully dipping and rising with the paddles, keeping time and rhythm to the measured beat of a pole on the stern of one of the boats. From the crowded canoes rose the strains of the hymn we had heard. With full hearts we thought of the time when, only a few years ago, no such strains were to be heard when bloodshed, cruelty, and the orgies of cannibal feasts were the only things that filled the thoughts and lives of these dark skinned folk. We, as they, do well, to "Count our many blessings, and name them one by one."

SLAVES WHO CAME TO PEMBA FOR FREEDOM AND

AFTER SLAVERY IN AFRICA-WHAT?

BY THEODORE BURTT, PEMBA, ZANZIBAR 11lembet· oj the Friends' Industrial MiNsion "0 Almighty God, leave not this wretched_ For many generations until some people to the Slave raider and Satan." forty years ago, under the guise of David Livingstone. legitimate trade, the Arab cara- M y EXPERIENCE, covering vans set out from Zanzibar and the more than thirty years, of coast towns opposite, supplied with slavery, its abolition and its goods for barter and plenty of aftermath, is confined to East Af- arms and ammunition. They rica, almost entirely to the island journeyed southwest and west, of Pemba off the East Coast. sometimes covering thousands of miles and spending many months If we look back to the days of on the way; they traded for ivory slave-raiding, slave-trading, slave and other goods but always ob- owning and slave working, we may tained slaves. Peaceable means, if understand more clearly something likely to be successful, were usually of what manner of men and women preferred.. One man for whom we with whom we have to deal. From obtained freedom some years ago whence came those countless thou- told me that he was a lad at home sands of Africans of many tribes in what is now Tanganyika Terri- and dialects to supply the markets tory, when a travelling caravan and plantations of Zanzibar and passed the village. He was invited Pemba, and to be transhipped to to join it as a free guest, to see the Arabian and other ports for country and return later with the domestic slavery? Who were they caravan to his own village just a and how were they obtained? "joy trip," so he went. They 31

marched along westwards and about, and with the other captives, northwards to lake Victoria Ny- was marched to the coast, shipped anza; then a porter fell sick so in 'a crowded 'dhow' or native Faraji carried the man's load. sailing vessel, to Zanzibar market When they reached Uganda he had and on to Pemba. Eventually she become a regular caravan porter, also found her way to the Mission and the caravan had greatly in- and freedom. creased in numbers. They never returned to Faraji's country, but The men and women who comarrived at a coast town, where he posed the slave caravans were found to his horror that he was a fastened together by the neck, the slave like the others. He was children running alongside or beshipped to the great slave market ing carried by their mothers. The in Zanzibar and sold to a Pemba penalty of any insubordination plantation. Years afterwards he was instant death, that of illness, found his way to the Friends' Mis- inability or lack of sufficient value sion, was freed, learned to read and was to be cast aside for the wild write, saved money and became animals. The caravan continued owner of his own plot of land and its way to the coast, some slaves house. Today he is an elder in the might be sold locally, but most were church. shipped to the great market in Zanzibar and from there to other Sometimes the method adopted places. The whole business was was that of sacking the villages conducted with revolting brutality, and carrying off the human many dying or being killed on the plunder. Here is the story of an- way to the coast and on the sea other freed slave. She, with her voyages. husband and children, lived in the Taita country, now part of Kenya The mortality on the plantations Colony. One day when they were was so great that thousands of new in their hut they heard a great slaves were required annually to noise of shooting and shouting, so keep up the supply. Children of went outside to see what was going slaves were very few and most of on. The village was ablaze and the those born died in infancy. Many terror stricken people were being different tribes and dialects were seized or shot down. Mkongwe's represented in this mass of husband was a strong man and at- wretched humanity. Thirty-four tempted to defend his wife and men registered on this Mission stachildren, but a blow on the back of tion in 1918, after the outbreak of his head from an axe wielded by the war, belonged to fifteen difan Arab laid him dead at his wife's ferent tribes; from Arabia in the feet. Meanwhile the chUdren had north to Nyasaland in the south disappeared. Mkongwe managed and the Congo in the west. to escape into the bush surrounding the village, where she hid for The worst horrors of slavery three days. Then being very were not the lash, the chains, the hungry she started to return to the fetters or the hard work; but the village, or where it had stood, hop- breaking up of family life, the ing to find some food in the gar- restraint, loss of tribal associations dens: but as she stepped onto the and customs. Native land, home, pathway she was seized by the friends and freedom were all gone. raiders who were still lurking In short, they were slaves, just chattels. The man robbed of his manhood and the woman of her

AFTER SLAVERY IN AFRICA-WHAT?

womanhood. Marriage, so called, for clothing at the end of the an- was of the loosest possible char- nual clove harvest, and two yards acter. of thin calico to bury them in when Most of the slaves had been they died.

brought from the higher and com- In 1896 the British Government, paratively healthy regions of the urged on by the anti-slavery party, interior to the humid, fever in- brought pressure to bear on the fested plantations of the tropical Sultan of Zanzibar and his advis- islands. Sickness and contagious diseases spread rapidly. Under Mohammedan masters they had outwardly to accept the faith of Islam, but it brought them no hope, no relief, only something that bound together more firmly their evil superstitions, the thraldom of witchcraft, and fostered the loose- ness of family life.

About 1890 when Zanzibar be- came a recognized Protectorate of Great Britain and constitutional Government was established with Sir Lloyd W. Mathews as First Minister the importation, and the open sale of slaves was greatly re- stricted owing to treaties between the Sultan and England, and the population began to decline.

The prisons, as I saw them thirty years ago, were awful, filthy, dark places, where sanitation was of the crudest or non-existent. The au- thorities provided no regular sup- ply of food, sometimes not even water. The prisons were crowded with criminal or runaway slaves.

The nest behaved and those able to do anything were chained together by the neck or their ankles shackled, and taken out to work A FREE GIRL IN 'tHE FRIEND'S in the chain gangs. Happy were MISSION they in comparison with those who ors to abolish the legal status of remained in close confinement. slavery. This was accomplished The amount of work done by the on paper in the following year; but plantation slaves was not great, it did not mean that slavery there- they received no wages and had to by came to an end. It did make it subsist as best they could by grow- possible for slaves to apply to the ingfood on unused parts of their courts which had power to grant masters' plantations in their spare them freedom and to award com- time, though it was customary for pensation to the owners. The him to give them some cotton cloths method employed worked slowly 3

and badly. To obtain freedom the out to do what they could to bring slave had to run away from his, or this distressed mass of humanity her master, and find his way to the to the condition of industrious, court to make the necessary appli- self-respecting, self-supporting citcation for freedom. The legal pro- izens, and to lead them to the cedure of the court was slow, only knowledge of Jesus Christ as their a very limited number of slaves Saviour and Friend. could be freed each day, as much trouble was taken to register all Mohammedanism had been firm- ly established in the islands for marks and wounds on the body and many generations. The Arabs head, height, age etc., for purposes were still the principal land owners of identification. Many were and had great influence over the turned away and at night not a few Africans, telling them that the found themselves in jail as va- English would soon be gone again grants with no visible means of and slavery reestablished and it support. Many of those who did would then go hard with those who had deserted their masters who obtain their freedom became home- were in reality their true friends. less wanderers as they could not Christianity and Western civilizareturn to' their former master's tion were at first ignored, then plantations where their friends and strongly, though silently opposed all they possessed had been left be- by the Arabs and their mixed hind, lest they should unsettle the blooded descendants. This has other slaves. Lawlessness, theft been very manifest in their perand other forms of crime became sistent opposition to the coming of alarmingly prevalent. Labor con- children, especially the girls, to Christian missions for teaching. ditions were upset, resulting in suffering and poverty in every Exceptions crop up, but speakclass. Work was looked down upon as the stamp of slavery. "Free- ing in general, there was a total dom" was taken to mean freedom from all restraint and obligation. lack of leadership among the Many thousands were freed by freed slaves; they were all on the the courts, thousands more ran away and took shelter in out of the same dead level of servitude and apathy. Not only were leaders way parts of the islands and subsisted as best they could; their lacking, but there was no readiness former owners kn<1,wing that they to follow if one of outstanding abilhad no legal power to 'hold them. Yet, through it all, the African's ity did try to lead; everyone was characteristic happy-go~lucky nature supported him in his trials. as good, or as bad, as his neighbor.

He does not realize what he has It must be remembered that the lost and has no idea what life might have for him under happier children of Arab slave owners by conditions. He lives a day at a slave women were always freeborn time and takes no thought for the and they sided with the owners. They often made the hardest of morrow. masters. There was no color bar It was a most difficult problem between master and slave-one great point of difference between that faced the local Government East African and American slavand the missionaries who had gone ery. There was no hunger for education nor yet for religion. They desired deliverance from op-

pression and then wished to be left liberated from slavery there has alone. naturally been a reaction, and as we have seen, freedom was' often The problem of 1897, when free- misunderstood to mean opportudom was first granted, and for nity for license; the payment of years afterwards, was as to the wages meant money to spend, and best immediate means to take to help the people in their needs. But there was a tendency for the eXe few could be reached directly, slaves, in the dullness of their lives, though the influence of what could be done would spread in spite of to run into excesses, to turn to inertia and conservatism. strong drink and opium. Many It was necessary to arouse the years of persistent and unpopular sense of the need for a higher form work were needed before the of life, to cultivate a conscience of Government was willing to adopt right and wrong, to develop char- prohibition of all native-made inacter and an appreciation of re- toxicants, and to stop the sale of ligious and moral obligation. The opium. The result now gained has conditions of life made morality, been most beneficial. To a very honesty and truth almost impossible. Among the earliest prob- large extent the islands are now lems were, housing conditions and sober and the amount of crime is sanitation; the production of food in larger quantities and greater small. variety; the willingness to do a de- The curse of slavery had fallen cent days work for reasonable remuneration. Beyond certain more heavily upon the women than on the men and it was not unroutine work on the plantation many had little knowledge of agri- natural that the reaction on women culture or gardening. A few had should be greater in many cases. some skill in native crafts, but it Tribal custom and the man's aureceived poor encouragement, and thority no longer held them in would-be buyers. had no money. check as formerly. The rising generation found industry uncon- In 1909 slavery, such as was left genial and has shown a distinct of it, was finally abolished by law. preference for idleness and for be- This was a relief to all concerned, ing supported by the men. They evince little desire for education or but did not materially alter the religion. Early marriage is the problem. Five years later the Pro- custom of the country; often chiltectorate came under the control of dren are not desired, and though the British Colonial, instead of the the work of the home is light, the Foreign Office. Since then the vegetable gardens are neglected. The problem of women's uplift is local Government has been carried greater than that of the men. on by men who have shown much Medical and hygienic work is sympathy for the African and his very important. The death rate, needs, and much has been done to especially among children, is appalestablish justice, law and order, ling. Something is being done by and education. Missions and Gov- missionary dispensaries, maternity ernment have worked sympathet- work and teaching as well as by ically and where possible in co- qualified doctors and nurses and in operation. Government hospitals, but a great deal more is needed in this line. Wherever a people has been One great aim in the uplift of

the people is to produce really good own cattle. Wages in payment for Africans, not bad imitations of work on plantations has been es- Europeans, and if possible to train tablished. Trade has increased responsible leaders. greatly. Food and clothing are more abundant and of better qual- The chief educational objectives ity than formerly. Some of the should be: more revolting forms of disease are less in evidence. The cultivation of a sense of need, physical, mental and spirtual; both The ports are open, travel is unfor the individual and the community. restricted and free-born labor from the mainland comes and goes ac- The development of character cording to supply and demand. through moral and religious instruc- The Arab plantations are now tion and influence. better cultivated by free labor than they were under the regime of Personal responsibility in regard to slavery. Confidence, hope and industry as a means of self and family cheerfulness have taken the place support, and as a help to others. of the hopeless despondency.

Some clear though simple ideas of Thirty years ago Christianity health, hygiene and decent living. was practically unheard of in Pemba. Now it is established. The ordinary school subjects of in- Slowly but surely men and women struction, such as, reading, writing, are coming out of the bondage of simple arithmetic and general knowl- spiritual darkness and sin into the edge, should be imparted to all capable light and liberty of Christ. The of receiving them. surrounding evil influences are ter- ribly strong; and the battIe is a All elementary instruction should hard one. Yet not only are the be conducted in the vernacular; for- Africans acknowledging allegiance eign languages may follow later. to Christ, but they are gradually working in the direction of a self- Some practical knowledge of handi- governing, self-supporting and crafts, the essentials of home man- self-propagating church. agement and family life should be given wherever possible. Nevertheless, it will take many years, perhaps generations, to Every department of education eradicate the evil effects of slavery should be permeated with the spirit and to overcome the present oband ideal of Christ; without this suc- stacles. Much persistent persevercess is impossible. ing labor, in teaching, preaching and living Christ among them is To these ends the Christian mis- still needed. The people had sunk sions, and to a large extent the and been thrust and held down to a Government also, are striving, and terribly low level. The responsiwith no little success, though the bility for their redemption rests obstacles are still great. The four upon us. chief obstacles might be put down briefly as,-Mohammedanism, su- "Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? perstition, loose morality and inertia. They are all closely connec- Behold, and see if there be any sorrow ted. like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me." Since freedom was granted, Lamentations 1: 12. many former slaves have purchased land and built houses with their savings. Such land is usually well cultivated, and the present houses are of a much better type than the old ones. Nat a few now

OF A MISSIONARY·

Experiences of Failure and Success I CAME to China with a prep- thought could change the human aration which included ma- heart, the influence of a Christian terialistic science, sociology, life, the preaching of saving Truth, and modern Biblical criticism. and much prayer. Of those the Seminary courses and close asso- foundation was the first. This we ciation with Chinese friends gave attempted to show. But an audi- me respect and admiration for the ence unprepared by Christian Chinese people. I not only did not teaching did not appreciate Chris- desire the benefits of extra-terri- tian lives. Humility was mistaken toriality, but even hoped to become for weakness, courtesy for fear, a Chinese citizen. I had worked frugality for stinginess, helpful- with my hands, which gave me a ness was taken as an attempt to sympathy with the working classes. prepare the way for foreign im- University and seminary theories perialism.

were balanced somewhat by the Sacrifice was not enough. We godly influence of home and found that the German mission- friends, by several years in the aries, the French Catholics, and ministry, and by enough experience the China Inland missionaries, all with death in the war to make me of whom had lived among the peo- value the promises of eternal life. pIe for years, had no greater suc- My first reaction to China was cess, got no nearer to the hearts of that things were not as I had ex- the people than did our mission- pected; in fact, everything was aries ;Vho lived in comfortable more difficult than I thought, and homes III a large centre. Helpful- increasingly so. Chinese did not ness was not enough. Wounded flock to my message as I thought Chinese soldiers did not reason they would, or coming, were not from me ~o God, as Americans had, changed in heart. My entire first and gratItude to the missionary term yielded fewer converts than did not result in reformation of my poorest year in America. Chi- life. God honored our efforts, how- nese poverty wrung our hearts; ever, and Jesus stood near in very their sickness made me almost truth when we washed the feet of wish that I had studied medicine. wounded Chinese soldiers; but Their need was beyond all our so- where appreciation was given, our cial theories, and missionary effort lives had glorified ourselves. No, was insufficient to meet it; Chris- we must preach as well as live our tian sympathy drove us to help, message.

though all the time we knew that But preaching as we had thought white men's efforts could not solve of it in America, was not enough.

the problem until the Chinese heart We had come out armed with all itself was changed and took up the latest excuses for the Bible, humanity's burden. every doubt of Chinese mind and There were three means we life found a sympathetic response in our hearts, because we too had • From The Indian Witness. walked this futile desert way, but 87

got beyond it to an oasis of confi- eth life, preaching, and prayer, but dence. More than modernism was the most essential of these is needed. People were interested in prayer, as it will make the others the problem of evil, public meet- effective. ings brought questions of heaven, Christians asked for Bible classes, *** pastors revelled in expositions of Ephesians (by another mission- Prayer, to be effectual, must be ary). intensified, and "prayer is only real prayer when inspired by him More than preaching was needed. and his Spirit." Dr. Payne's book Preaching has points, some one has is "the outcome of years of obsaid, but prophesying has hooks, servation of the marked difference and we seemed to lack the hooks. in spiritual impressions made A Taoist priest likened our teach- under the preaching of the Word, ing to temple bells, a Chinese jailor and other Gospel ministries, in spoke of looking with wistful eyes churches and districts where there at the Forbidden City, an ex-post- is the fellowship of Christians who master came time after time to are skilled in the art of prayer, so talk of religion, but the priest as to pray with a spirit of inwanted help in a business venture, tensity." He says, "If all who read the jailor wanted a position, the these lines would just lay hold ex-postmaster wanted to be rein- upon God with a holy violence and stated. Even saving truth will not unconquerable persistence of faithsave when not made effective by filled prayer, a good many things saving faith in the hearer. would give way, against which we That left prayer, and we must have been beating with our puny acknowledge that we do little wisdom and power in vain." enough of that. Administration, teaching, committee meetings, Undoubtedly this is our way out. preaching, famine relief and Red But prayer in this sense is entirely Cross work leaves little time for different from prayer as we have prayer. Once we read of mission- known it in the past. This kind is aries who made prayer their pri- spirit-inspired and can spring only mary work and everything else from a holy heart, entirely given supplementary to it, but they are over to God. This kind of prayer few. Perhaps this is why our lives will change our preaching points count for so little, and why our to hooks, and "melt the heart of preaching falls flat. Once we stone." spent half a night in prayer before reaching an out-point, and held our If I have learned anything from most successful series of meetings. these years in China, it is that I Sometimes an agony of discourage- must preach, or woe is me; I will ment has driven us to our knees in live it, God helping me; but prayer for some tempted worker or some mission problem, and these neither of these will lift the veil prayers have been answered, but from Chinese hearts or the load constant daily prayer and answer, from Chinese backs unless I pray, as a business, is a rare thing. Yet with as much zeal as I have given prayer is the only solution, and the to other things, intensely, and in greatest force on earth; now abid- the Spirit. "When He is come," our preaching will change hearts; our lives, spotless in holiness, will exalt Christ, and our prayers will be ahswered.

REMEDIES FOR PHYSICAL ILLS"

BY W. T. REID, M.D., Songdo, Korea ~[i••ionary of the Methodist Episvopal Church, SQuth T HE old-time family doctor, presses itself in the body. Shame, with a life history of his pa- for instance, in the blush, dilates tients in his memory, often the tiny capillaries in the skin of effected cures by giving small the face and neck, and suffuses a doses of sugar pills and large doses pink color plainly visible to the beof advice about love and financial holder. Fear, on the contrary, and political troubles. In this he contracts those same capillaries, had a great advantage over the driving the blood to the centers, modern specialist who deals almost and leaves the face pale as death, entirely with a procession of utter while mouth and tongue are sudstrangers. denly dry, the muscles of the voice enter into spasm and the utterance Medical missionaries come to the is altered. If still more excessive, field not only to give to their pa- the muscles of the extremities may tients the medicines needed for also be thrown into spasm and the their physical ailments, but espe- knees smite one another and the cially to impart a message of elbows jerk against the sides, as truth to the mind and heart, that witness the fear of King Belshazunder the blessing of God should zar when God's hand wrote his desbring healing to the invisible man tiny on the wall of his palace. Anby bringing about an adjustment ger seems to let loose into the blood of body, mind and spirit, so making a poison that streams through the every whit whole the triune hu- whole of the physical man, dries manity. And yet so prone are we, up the secretions of the stomach, while cumbered with this mortal and is felt in utter weariness. Anxcoil, to be preoccupied with the iety and worry rob a man of material, rather than the spiritual, sleep, whiten the hair and seam that no doubt we often do overlook the face, and sorrow is like a band splendid opportunities for speak- of steel about the chest, that oping the "word in season" which presses the breath till the sufferer "like apples of gold in pictures of gives long sighs for relief, and it is silver" would make all the differ- like a heavy load that stoops the ence between disease and suffering back. on the one hand, and health and happiness on the other, to our pa- What a difference an attitude of tients. mind towards a condition of the The body we can see and handle, body can make in the manifesta- tions and reactions of the man! so that we tend to be content with As someone has said, "It is not the part that is manifest to our the experiences that come to us physical senses, and think of that that determine our destiny, but the as the man; whereas really it is way we take those experiences"- only the veil that hides the true it is not so much the pain that man from our perceptions. counts, as what a man thinks of Consider how an emotion ex- • Condensed from 7'he Korea Mission Field. that pain. For instance, one per- 39

son will faint and fall unconscious night and day. A few assuring at the mere sight of a few drops of words, admission to the hospital blood from a cut finger, while ~n~ and some indifferent treatment, other will bear mortal anguish and eyesight returned as normal with a smile. One person, exer- as ever. A case of hysterical cised with self-pity over small blindness, the result of some un- aches, will be a burden and dis- happiness of soul-and yet so often tress to a small community, while we doctors fail to take into the another, with far greater reason picture the important part played for pity, but accepting the situa- by the mind and soul experience in tion with calmness and spiritual bringing about the physical woes philosophy, becomes so ascendent of which patients complain.

over his pain, that he is victor in Symptoms of heart disease can himself and, in addition, becomes be produced by the suffering of also an inspiration and uplift to all jealousy; a woman can be struck who touch his life. absolutely dumb for three days by Every physician of experience a domestic crisis; gastric and other digestive disorders are often knows what it is to feel despair in produced by emotional upsets; dealing with a patient, who, being perhaps one-third of all cases of very ill, makes no mental resist- stomach trouble are based on menance to the disease, but regarding tal distress of some kind; sugar death as inevitable in spite of as- excretion in a diabetic patient can surances to the contrary, seems to suddenly be increased from about want to die and mentally antici- neutral to 40-60 grams in a day pates death, when in the physi- simply by bad news received in a cian's eyes, death is by no means a letter; blood pressure can be necessary outcome. Such a patient raised 20-30 degrees by the embarmust be roused to fight for life in rassment of a first visit to a doctor, his inner thought and spirit, or so that the doctor has to keep this every effort of his doctor will be fact in mind when he takes a readin vain. ing; pure mental fag can cause a Knowing these things, how im- sharp pain under the shoulder portant a part of the treatment of blade Or in the roof of the mouth, disease is the determining of the and unhappiness can cause a stiff relation of the mind and spirit to elbow or facial spasm. the physical problem presented by Is it not then a wonder that docthe patient! A purely moral con- tors are not more generally interflict, by the mental distress and strain it causes, may express itself ested in that interior man, whose in physical symptoms that seem to soul experiences so variously and demand instant and drastic opera- so frequently express themselves tion. in physical ailments? It is all the more strange when it is remem- A woman brought her daughter- bered that not only does the mind in-law to me, a girl about twenty produce physical disorder at times, years old, suffering from total but it has to bear the added burden blindness of ten days' duration, a of that physical disorder when it is blindness that came on suddenly produced; hence it is all the more and was so dense that she could in need of help, that it might be not even differentiate between enabled to escape from the vicious

1929J SPIRITUAL REMEDIES FOR PHYSICAL ILLS

circle that binds the soul in a real learned how to be a fellow-worker prison-house of clay. with God.

What is the reason then for this It is in this high requirement of strange indifference? Is not the fellowship with God, before a man answer found in the" marvellous can deal understandingly and effec- complexity of the organism of tively with the problems of dis- man. He is the most complex of harmony in the individual, where all the problems of the earth, and so many doctors fail. For lack of who attempts to deal with this that serenity of spirit, that harmo- problem of the whole man has un- ny and poise of his own soul, that dertaken a work that taxes even such fellowship gives, and for lack the mind and the strength of God, of the understanding that comes and no man can accomplish much from those experiences of the soul in this sphere except he have God found only in fellowship with God, with him in the work. The body he is conscious of embarrassment alone is complex enough, so that in in the presence of the human need spite of the boasts of medical sci- that he is unable adequately to ence and the real wonder of its meet and, wherever possible, he discoveries, "doctors h a v e only side-tracks the issue.

touched the outer circle of its An honest medical missionary, mysteries. It is little wonder that cannot do this, so, if conscious of they tend to feel lost when they at- impotence in this line where he is tempt to probe the mysteries of supposed to be" a specialist, he must the mind, and stand appalled at the have recourse to that great text- problem of the spirit. When you hook, the Word of God, where he speak of reducing disorder to can always find the instruction harmony in the threefold man, we needed to supply his lack and make are overwhelmed with a sense of him like the shadow of a great impotence in the face of these rock in a weary land to many a dis- things and are forced to turn for ordered soul, imprisoned within a help to God, who alone is able to suffering body. We are ambassa- meet adequately the whole need of dors of God in this as well as in every man. o the r respects. As Proverbs Disease is disorder, sometimes 13: 17 has it, HA faithful ambas- of the body alone, sometimes of sador is HEALTH."

mind and body combined and some- Let us note some of the prescrip- times of spirit, mind and body, all tions that we can find in God's three together. Disorder has for great text-book of healing and its ultimate source, SIN. Psalm harmony, for application in cases 38: 3, has it-HThere is no sound- of human disorder of body, mind ness in my flesh because of thine or spirit, or of all three combined.

anger, neither is there any rest in We read in a medical journal of my hones because of my sin." Sin a man, whose problem of con- is disorder of the spirit, hence no science caused him to feel that he man, who is not fully prepared to ought to resign from his firm deal effectively with the problem of rather than continue with them in sin, can deal effectively with the a policy that seemed to him evil, problem of disorder in the three- though resignation meant appar- fold man. This preparation can ent economic ruin for himself and come only to a man who has family. His deep distress in the

midst of his conflict brought about consideration that she feels it dea spasm of the bowel that nearly serves, and to gain her confidence put him under the surgeon's knife. that the doctor really knows what I would suggest prescribing Prov- he is talking about, then tell her the cause of' her symptoms kindly erbs 3: 5-8: and sympathetically. Prescribe, for example, Psalm 31: 12, 14, 19, Trust in the Lord with all thine 20 and 24. heart; and lean not to thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowl- Take a case like the young edge him, and he shall direct thy daughter-in-law, suffering from paths. Be not wise in thine own eyes; ten days of hysterical blindness. fear the Lord and depart from evil. Is there a prescription for her case? Try Isaiah 50: 10. IT SHALL BE HEALTH TO THY NAVEL, Who is among you that feareth the and marrow to thy bones. Lord, that obeyeth the voice of his servant, that walketh in darkness and Trust would relax the mind. hath no light? Let him trust in the Relaxation of mind would relax the name of the Lord, and stay upon his bowel spasm, and harmony of the God. whole man with health and peace would result. Also trY Isaiah 42: 16, And I will bring the blind by a way that they Take the young man whose knew not, I will lead them by paths stomach distress is evidently due that they have not known, I WILL to late hours at night and dissipated habits, with a nervous dread MAKE DARKNESS LIGHT BEFORE THEM of future consequences. Prescription-Proverbs 4: 19-22. and crooked things straight. These things will I do unto them and not The way of the wicked is as dark- forsake them. ness; they know not at what they stumble. My son attend to my words; Would not such words strike incline thine ear unto my sayings. straight at the unhappy domestic Let them not depart from thine eyes; circumstances t hat caused the keep them in the midst of thine heart. hysterical spasm of the blood-ves- For they are life to those who find sels, nourishing the optic nerves, so them, AND HEALTH TO ALL THEIR shutting off circulation and so the light, and in relaxing the tension FLESH. of mind, at once relax the blood vessel spasm and flood again the Here is a woman, coming to nerves with blood and so with middle age, who has been seized light and seeing? with jealousy and broods over it until her distress of mind has so The medical missionary ought affected her physically that she has to be an adept at applying such come to the doctor, quite convinced prescriptions as these and, if apthat she has serious heart disease plied with faith, wisdom and childand is likely to die at any minute. like trust, surely the Lord will de- Careful examination by the doctor light to make good His Word (prereveals nothing organically wrong scriptions) when presented by the with the heart, but sympathetic physician and taken by the sufferconversation brings out the exist- ing patient, in prayer and faith, ing distress of mind. from the pharmacy of His Divine Grace. Very often, when there is How will you treat this case? no way out, a way UP will open. First, careful examination to convince the patient that her complaint has had the very serious

A MOTHER IN

BY REV. J. J. LUCAS, Landour, India M RS. M. J. WYCKOFF, who by voice, pen and prayer, to win died September 23, 1928, others to Christ. came to India with her husband, Rev. B. D. Wyckoff, in At a gathering of friends in the 1860. She spent most of her life home of one of her daughters in in the United Provinces as mis- North Carolina, to celebrate her sionary of the American Presby- 89th birthday, only a few weeks terian Mission. When I lived in before her passing out of sight, Mainpuri, over fifty years ago, I she prepared and read what she heard of the founding by her of herself may have felt would be her the schools for girls and widows last message to many friends: in that city. She had won the First of all I wish to raise a note of confidence of the people and estab- praise to God for His great goodness to lished six schools for girls and also me as manifested through the ministries a school for training teachers, of my dear children and grandchildren, God's own precious gifts to me. Their most of them Brahmin widows, loving thoughtful care, and unfailing and the Government gave her a devotion are beautiful…. As for mygrant-in-aid. Pandit Baldeo Par- self, it is difficult for me to realize that I have lived to see my 89th birthday for shad, the Brahmin teacher of one bI uwt awshnenotI vwerays sbtorronngagaasina, ilnittmley cehairldly; days, new life came into me from Him of her sch00Is, t 0ld me that the first Who is the Way, the Truth, and the conscious touch of the Holy Spirit Life, and I became a new creature in h' heart day at the Christ Jesus; old things passed away, on was one and behold all things became new …. IS The natural and the spiritual life became close of her visit, when she knelt one, as it were, and can never die. This on the rough floor of the little earthly casket in which I sojourn may be laid away in mother earth ….but school room and prayed. A few the person who hath this life will go to years later the Pandit was baptized in Mainpuri, one of the first con- God who gave the life…. For my verts in that city. It cost him the own part, r am not looking for death, · ' fe an d onIy wh0 Ioss 0f h son but for Christ as He may come at any IS WI time for His Church, when those who have been born again will be caught up refused to live with him. Fourteen to meet the Lord in the air …. God grant years later that son became a that there may soon be a gracious out- pouring of the Holy Spirit upon the Christian and was baptized in Church in every land, throughout the Mainpuri, and today his daughter, world-Churchwide revival. This great in-gathering of precious souls, hoth from a graduate of the University of among Jews and Gentiles, will surely Calcutta, is at the head of a large hasten the coming of the Bridegroom for school for Hindu girls in Lucknow, His Bride, the Church. Even so come, and her brother, a graduate of the University of Allahabad, is exert- HLoimrd Joensuosu. r Mwaaytcwh etoalwl ekreewp atirtyinsgt wainthd watching for His appearing. For yet a ing a unique influence for Christ. little while and He that shall come, will come and will not tarry.

To the last she was on the watch The Holy Spirit used Mrs. Wy- tower, built up by Old and New ckoff to open the heart of the Testaments, waiting and watching, teacher to hear the voice of the with Prophets and Apostles for Good Shepherd. She was unceas- the coming of the Lord Jesus in ing and unwearied in her efforts, glory and power.

43

BLAZING AN ARABIAN TRAIL Dr. John Turnbull, formerly a missionary to India, Arabia and Palestine, tells of his experiences in a lecture from which we quote a few paragraphs telling the difficulties of the journey and describing his narrow escape.

A SERIOUS difficulty was the sand-dunes, great drifts of soft sand from fifty to one hundred feet high. We could not go over them, so we had to dodge around and between them. A wild camel sprang up and raced off as we approached the zone of the dunes. Back and forth we zigzagged at the direction of our marvelous guides and at noon the second day, reached Arfaja, the last water-hole, forty miles from our goal. Ten miles in four hours was not fast time in a motor car, but fighting sand-dunes seemed to please the Studebaker and slowly it pulled through apparently impossible stretches of sheer sand.

The end of the second day found us still twenty miles from destination. We were eager to travel after dark and finish the trip, but the guides protested, saying that only enemies traveled after sundown and that we would be killed. . .. Our goal was J owf, an oasis where two of the world's oldest caravan routes con- verge, one from Damascus in the north and the other from Egypt in the east. This is believed to be the land of Uz, where Job lived.

At Jowf the gateway guards swung open the big wooden doors and we entered through a lane of Arabs who could not hide their curiosity. In the first of three court-yards the Amir was seated on a stone throne covered with costly rugs-a tall, powerful man of about 50, with black beard and kindly brown eyes. He is the official representative of the King of Arabia and the active official of J owf. Taking a few steps towards us he briefly welcomed us and grasping my right hand in his left, led us through a doorway, up steps cut in the native rock, along a corridor and into the long reception room of the castle.

Advancing to the extreme corner he took his accustomed place and seated us on either side. Then with admirable frankness he began his apologies for the show of hostility upon our first ap- pearance by explaining that we had been mistaken for camel raiders. He thought we were thieves. In fact, he had sent thirty mounted men to shoot us on sight. They had gone out one side of a low ridge while we were complacently nearing the town on the other side! A shepherd whose flocks we had seen unattended was the man who might have been the cause of our death. He had noticed our car and becoming alarmed had rushed to the castle with the news that enemies had come to drive off the flocks. We learned that 2,000 camds had been stolen in recent months from the vicinity.

Of THE

TWENTY YEARS OF COOPERATION of the Council is accomplished through committees and commissions most of T HE Federal Council of Churches which employ executive secretaries. of Christ in America was organ- Thus the Churches of these cooperatized twenty years ago to link together ing denominations have been enlisted the Evangelical Churches in order to in a united program for Evangelism make their united voice heard more and Life Service, Social Service, powerfully and their united ~c~ion Christian Education, Race Relations, more effective on moral and relIgIous International Justice and Goodwill, problems. Other plans for interde- and Fraternal Relations with Euronominational cooperation had been pean Churches. There are also some tried and bad failed, so that in the fifty local councils or federations, with early days of the Council many doubts employed executives, in various cities were expressed as to its value. Twenty in twenty-four states, besides thirtyyears of practical experience has four councils in other cities with shown it to be increasingly effective. volunteer leadership. Church organizations like the Home and Foreign Mission Boards had met Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, the retiring for some years in annual conference President of the Council, expresses and there were many effective inter- the need for Christian unity and codenominational activities, but the operation as a witness to the world Federal Council first established a and to achieve definite results. Much national inter-church federation with has been achieved in developing the a permanent staff of officers to pro- spirit of unity among denominations mote the cooperation of the Protestant and in promoting practical service to Churches of America as Churches. mankind. More visible results have It has been clearly demonstrated that Ilerhalls aIlIleared in temporal things much more may be accomplished by than in spiritual; it is easier to cocooperation than by separate action operate in the former than in the and that more definite results are se- latter. The Commission on Evangelcured by the employment of executive ism has urged churches to push work secretaries than by depending on the along this line, but it has been in inextra time of over-crowded men and dustrial and social betterment, in international justice and goodwill, in women. improvement in race relations, in work for the army and navy and in develop- The Federal Council was formed in ing religious drama, in holding con- Philadelphia in 1908 for the purpose ferences and observing anniversaries, of expressing the unity and fellowship that the public generally recognizes of Christians and to enable the Evan- the largest functioning of the Federal gelical Churches of America to accom- Council. plish unitedly what they could not do separately. The Council now includes The Quadrennial Meeting has rein its membership twenty-eight de- cently been held in Rochester (Denominational bodies with a total mem- cember 5th-8th) and the Federal bership of some twenty-three million Council enters a new era of service under the Presidency of Bishop Francommunicants and total contributions cis J. McConnell, of the Methodist in one year of nearly four hundred Episcopal Church. and fifty million dollars. The work 45

BEST METHODS AND THE NEWS to Mrs. Johnson at 150 Fifth Avenue, New York. .". * * EDITORS Since our friend and co-worker, We count ourselves fortunate to have secured the cooperation of Pro- Mrs. E. C. Cronk was called to lay fessor Harlan P. Beach as editor of down her pen, a number of able the World-Wide Outlook department of the REVIEW. Professor Beach was writers have contributed to our Best for some years a missionary in China Methods Department, giving helpful and on his return to America was for suggestions from their wide experi- eleven years educational secretary of ence in promoting missionary inter- the Student Volunteer Movement for est in the home church. Beginning with this issue Mrs. F. 1. Johnson of Foreign Missions. New York will supply material for During this period he prepared or this department. We welcome her co- edited from other writers, more than operation and ask the readers of the thirty mission study textbooks. In REVIEW to correspond with her in re- 1906 he was called to fill the Chair of gard to the methods suggested and to Professor of the Theory and Practice give her the benefit of their experi- of Missions at Yale Divinity School, ence that these in turn may be passed on to others through the REVIEW. a position that he held for fifteen Mrs. Cronk often expressed the con- years, when the Carnegie Pension viction that her work in this depart- rules caused his retirement. As furment was perhaps the most fruitful ther aids to him in this position, he had spent three and a half years in of all her labors. The methods given visiting the principal mission fields in the REVIEW are used in many of Asia and Africa, studying methods churches and societies throughout the of environment and native religions. world. In this way thousands are During his Yale professorship he benefited by them and the Kingdom lectured for two half years at Union of God is advanced. Theological Seminary, and five half Mrs. Johnson is the wife of one of years at Boston University School of the officers of the Methodist Episcopal Theology. Since retiring from Yale, Church in the Cultivation Department he has been professor of Missions for of the Foreign Board. She has been seven years at Drew Theological Sem- for several years a member of the inary, Madison, N. J., where he now General Executive Committee of the resides.

Woman's Foreign Missionary Society For some time Prof. Beach also pre- of the Methodist Episcopal Church. pared the Missionary News Depart- Her work has been chiefly in connec- ment for the Sunday School Times.

tion with the Forward Movement For many years Professor Beach has Committee which plans the lines of been a student of missions and a well- advance for each year. For the past known speaker and teacher at summer four years she has been a representa- conferences and schools of missions.

tive of this society on the Foreign He was editor of the first Missionary Missions Conference and has been Geography and Atlas of Foreign Mis- very active in summer conferences and sions, published by the Student Volun- Schools of Missions. For eight years teer Movement, and has been one of she was the Dean of the Summer the editors of susequent missionary School at Lakeside, Ohio, has been a atlases published by the Foreign Mis- teacher of mission study books and sions Conference. He is the author has conducted conferences on methods of a' number of missionary books on at Northfield, Mountain Lake Park India, China, South America and and St. Petersburg. Last year she other fields so that a wide and thor- was chairman of the program of the ough knowledge of missions will make Institute of Foreign Missions at him a valuable interpreter of mission- Chautauqua. Letters may be addressed ary progress at home and abroad. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York A MISSIONARY ATMOSPHERE The discerningly selected books and Atmosphere is one of the most effec- pictures placed intriguingly at psytive assets or liabilities of a nation, a chological moments and in strategic state, a home or a church. It is that places; the Bible stories that were something that cannot be touched, told so naturally and interpreted in pictured or described. It can be terms of present required behavior; sensed. It is that illusive thing with- the nature stories revealing God's in four walls; which you cannot pin mastery of form and love of beauty; down, but which influences everyone the horizon-lifting history stories who enters. , It adheres to folks; to which impressed upon the seven fasthings. It is that which made the cinated young listeners that History blind perceive that Christ was passing is not a Topsy, that it is the result of by. persons in action; the buckwheat- It is that element in the real-estate crock with its sweet, sleepy music as business which decreases or enhances the wooden spoon struck its glazed home-property values; the atmos- sides, after we had all been "tucked phere of an entire neighborhood may in"-O, Home, that is what it all be changed over night by the sudden spells! This is the possession to which injection into it of one family whose every child born into the world has a atmosphere is not of the correct type right. Ninety-nine percent of the for that location. Prices will tumble. world's childhood knows nothing of this nurturing care. How about our Atmosphere is a most sensitive thing; it seems to refuse to be tam- own children? pered with. As the home should have its tact- There are people and things whose fully creative atmosp'here, so should very presence is a benediction to youth the public schools, colleges and univerand to childhood; there are people sities. Especially should this be true and things whose mere presence is a of all educational institutions supmalediction. We must expose our chiI- ported by the Church of the Living dren to the former; we must shield Christ. them from the latter. The force we Our plans and methods for developare talking about is as real as electricity and as inexplicable; it is also as ing strong Christian youth should be powerful in producing results. It the result of more exacting study than must be given more intensive study is put on the building chart of a great by parents and professional Christian highway or into the blueprints of a stately building.

Workers. The cultivation of corn, potatoes, The greatest profession on earth, cabbage, wheat; of trees, flowers, shrubs, has more scientific thought that of parenthood is often practiced given to it, than has the spiritual the least scientifically. nurturing of childhood and youth. The millions of Christian men and What stands Oljt most vividly to- women throughout the world are to day in your memory of home? Can- blame for this neglect. didly, with me it is the "Thou shalt nots" of my capable, sensible mother.

47 Atmosp.here and Church Rooms telephone system of a great part of that continent. Your picture will belp "The human eye together with its to create the atmosphere for your pronerve system is not merely a physical gram. Try it. For at least six organ of sight; it is also a railroad months use it as your center decorasystem carrying building material to tion on missionary day. the self just back of it." 'Jhe Last summer on a half cleaned off blackboard in a large church class- prum Call room, with littered corners and withal a sluggardly atmosphere, were J AM the' Cdl-Dr~m.­ written the words, "Instinctive Be- O'erhillandforen haviorism." These were a part of the C.rJkdltlrrWlftriorr, outline of a lesson in Social Ethics. "COIIlcqllid:1y10 hanle! The instinctive behaviorism of that Come,OYenjokl Y,lr;olllbocornc teacher should have been first to atmosphere that room by clearing it out quidlyl and cleaning it up. Every room used Soon lhall ye CODcJIU~I; for furthering Christ's Kingdom should be immaculate and attractive. T.kl:uplO11"~ponl!" The most unsightly room can be made beautiful if heart is put into the prob- I AM the CaD-Drum.- lem. The Church at large is slowly Ch&nged.tho,mlRJe!1uge,_ improving in this respect, but the big C:lllinS,"OWonhippc:1'!, task is ahead. The church should be CVIIIC'YC'10 mee1inS! so kept and beautified that there would Come, 0 Mcbc! Vaoundo!. (QWC be no embarrassment should the Master in person step into it at any time. quickly'…… SouoIT.ollcoRqucted.

o Galilean!

Atmosphere and The Program "The Drum Call" is a little twenty- eight page Presbyterian magazine Thought should be given by pro- printed by Africans in West Africa. gram committees to creating the cor- It is full of alluring, tellable stories rect atmosphere in which to present a and facts.' missionary program. For blackboard use buy "Everyland Appropriate pictures drawn on Children, Just Like You," "Kembo" blackboards, bristols, upson-board, and "David and Susi.'" The picture missionary trophies or curios, to- of "David and Susi" (page 57) can gether with carefully selected music, be reproduced beautifully in colors. give a setting which will help make Have your group learn its accompanythe program live. ing words to the tune, "Suwanee River." For example: with Africa as the interdenominational foreign study for "Way down upon the Congo River 1928-1929, buy an upson-board (7 x 4) Far, far away, give it one coat of flat white paint. There's where they need our Christmas Have an artist from among your own presents, members reproduce this attractive That's where they'll go Borne day." "Drum Call" in black and white. Use charcoal for the motif and outline the What will be the result? Hundreds letters with jet black paint so that of gifts for the children in your they can be read at a distance. Hang schools in Africa ready to send by the upson-board over the center of the platform. The words should be learned lIt comes quarterly and coste only fifty cents by the Sunday-school, missionary a year. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missociety or whatever group is using it. sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. Explain that the African drum is the 2Available at your own headquarters or at the Missionary Education Movement 150 Fifth Ave., New York City, twenty-five cents each.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

June of 1929. It is none too early to the picture on the board for an early begin. morning class. Make the challenge big and big people 111ill respond The following will be found effective "bigly." if done in colors with the initial letter of each line in a boxed letter. A joy de-luxe birthday gift for little folks-3-6 years old. (Dainty and illus- "The souls of black and white are made trated in color.) Friendship Press, 150 By the self-same God, of self-same Fifth Ave., New York City.

shade, THE NURSERY SERIES, 25c each. God made both pure and he left one No.1. Ah Fu-a Chinese River Boy. white; No.2. Kembo-a Little Girl of Africa. God laughed o'er the other and wrapped No.3. The Three Camels-A Story of it in night; India. Oh the wonderful souls of both black No.4. Esa, a Little Boy vf Nazareth.

and white By suggestion, encourage the chil- Were made by one God, of one sod on dren to copy the pictures, then let the father and mother take turns in tell- one night."-Written by a Negro. ing them these essentially educative stories. They make fine bed-time A man who saw "Orange Tree stories. The children probably will Baby" in "Everyland Children, Just of themselves pray for the little Like You" (page 19) used as method, strangers who are beginning to be a said that he had never before had the part of their world. What would even missionary enterprise appeal to him a small part of one generation so inas it had through this little song. He structed produce for World Friendis a successful business man and re- ship? Try it. fused to run for governor of one of our largest states. If, as missionary A good slogan in this connection: workers, we could but realize the power of the heart appeal we would The parenthood of every nation revive instead of throttle it. For the childhood of the world.

Sing "Orange Tree Baby" to the Learn it and practice it. tune "Good Morning to You" as sung A slogan for Sunday School use: in the primary department of the Sunday school. The boyhood of every nation For the boyhood of the world. You cannot find artists? That is The girlhood of every nation what they told us in a certain church For the girlhood of the world. where within one hour after this statement, the owner and manager of Usable Sidelight Africa Material, a large hotel was found to be a suf- interpretive of the Negro's race sufficiently fine and willing crayon artist fering. "Caroling Dusk" an anthroto have the work which he did for his pology of verse by Negro poets; edited own church displayed in the North- by Countee Cullen. field and Chautauqua Institutes of Missions. All of us are walking over We Wear the Mask.-Dunbar. acres of art talent every day. Let us Sympathy.-Dunbar. capture it for Christ. Servants.-Dunbar.

In another place the artist was His "Theology", will relieve the found making coffee in a hotel. Later, tension of the others. It is said that she received twenty-five dollars for a Dunbar wrote this on his knee during cover design for one of the finest chil- his final illness. dren's magazines in the United States. There's a heaven Another artist was teaching the new This I know; wax art in a department store and The upward longing of my heart was said to be too busy to think of Has told me so. giving time to missionary drawing. There's a hell She was "delighted" to do the work I'm quite as sure; even though one morning she had to For pray, get up at four-thirty in order to put If there were not Where would my neighbors go? 4

Finally interpretive of the Negro Indian Cook.-Turkish towel wound heart: round head in shape of turban. Man's Jis blue, God, shirt and white trousers, a tiny bit small, and shirt worn on outside of trousers. jis blue. Shoes but no stockings. Cook's wife Ain't prayin' exactly jis' now;- dressed in Indian Sari-5 yards of cloth wound around for skirt and over tear blind, I guess; shoulder and lightly thrown over head. cain't see my way through. You know those things Burrnese Child.-A small boy's skirt, I ast for so many times,- open at neck, and. a yard and a half of Maybe I hadn't orter repeated like the gingham or similar material for skirt. This is sewed into a skirt and wrapped Pharisees do, around waist, and tucked into front. but I ain't stood in no marketplace, Shirt inside skirt. it's jis' 'tween me and you. And you said, "Ast," … Miriam.-Attractive American dress, somehow I ain't astin' now, college girl type. and I hardly know what to do. Hope jis' sorter left, but Faith's still CHARACTERS: The missionaries represented are Dr. Anna Barbara here. Grey of Ellen Mitchell Memorial Hos- Faith ain't gone, too- pital in Moulmein, Burma; Miss Lill know how 'tis,-a thousand years is a lian Salisman, recently appointed to single day with you. the same hospital.* And I ain't meanin' to tempt you with, Dr. White-a woman physician. "If you be-" Miss Adams-a nurse recently arrived and I ain't doubting you, from America. But I ain't prayin' tonight, God,- Ma Po Byu-a Burmese nurse. jis' blue. . Patients-Small Burmese boy with his mother and grandmother. Other Negro authors include: Wil- Patients-Indian cook with his wife. liam Samuel Johnson, whose "Prayer for Peace" is magnificent; William -Anglo-Indian college girl. Braithwaite; Helene Johnson, who at nineteen years of age had had more Scene.-A Mission Doctor's Dispenpoems in leading magazines than any sary. At center a table with two other American girl. chairs for doctor and patient. Left, a table with two basins, scrub A fine selection of Negro Spirituals brush, soap and towels. At right a is sold by Rodeheaver Company, Chi- small table and chair for nurse. cago, Illinois. (Price, lOc.) (As the scene opens the Burmese nurse is seated at table at extreme Give an award for the finest map of right, looking over dispensary Africa, showing the mission stations cards. Enter Dr. White (L) carryand naming the missionaries of your ing stethoscope.) denomination. If this is worked by the missionary department in men's Dr. White.-"All right, Ma Po Byu, I classes as well as in others, the result am here. Bring in the first pawill be surprising and the educational tient." (While the doctor is speakdeposit will be valuable. ing, Ma Po Byu takes dispensary cards to doctor's table and quickly Have a David Livingstone Day in the exits (R). Dr. White sits down Sunday school, when all maps are to left of center table, picks up disbe brought in and placed on exhibit. pensary cards and examines the Have someone who will devote time to first one. Re-enter Ma Po Byu, folpreparation, review the growth of lowed by Burmese mother, grandyour missionary investment in Africa. mother and small boy.) "INASMUCH" A MEDICAL PLAYLET * Tbe enl1l'Hcters jn the play wben given at By DR. ANNA B. GREY, of Burma :Korthfield were: The Doctor-Dr. Anna BarM hara Grey; American NUrse-June Heath; COSTUMES: Burmese woman.-A regular Burmese i't:t~~::~G~~~~~-;-~~r~~~)~ :S~~~~e8eBG~:d~ mather-Helene :Moore; BU,rmes6 Boy-Billy costume, if obtainable. If not, pretty scarf and two yard piece of silk that ~~f~~ira!;dia~e~~:~Ll~~lo~tnnd~:~; ft~~~ goes well with the costume would do. Margaret llorse. . Short white jacket, lapping over skirt and bare feet with slippers.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Dr. White.-(To Burmese mother) (Turns to boy) Will you stay here Good morning. Come in and sit at the hospital?" down." (Burmese woman sits down gin- (Boy shakes his heads and draws gerly on chair of table with small closer to his mother, frightened.) boy resting against her knee. Grand- mother squats down near them.) Mother.-"He says he won't stay. Perhaps if I stay with him, he will Dr. White.-"What is troubling you ?" stay." Burmese Woman (showing child's leg Dr. White (to nurse).-"You see how badly bandaged with dirty rags)- they do it. The mother had to ask "See, my child fell down from roof the child if he would stay and of on to broken water chatty and cut course he doesn't want to. But she his leg. We took him to pongyi and says perhaps he will stay if she can he filled it with gravel to stop bleed- too." ing, but it does not get better. Leg very bad!" (She speaks excitedly Nurse.-"But if you often have to do and with gesticulations.) that I should think you would fill (Enter American nurse(L).) the hospital with people who aren't American NursB.-"Good morning, sick." Dr. White, I am very glad to have you. They ·have been keeping you D1'. White.~"Oh, of course we can't so busy at the hospital since you keep them if there is riothing the came that you haven't had a chance matter with them, but you know to see any of this side of the work. about 100% of these people have This woman says her little boy cut round worms and 60% have hook his leg. Let's get this bandage off worms. I will just question this and have a look at it." (The nurse mother to see if she has symptoms and doctor take off the bandage and of either. (Turning to Burmese show the cut leg. Nurse looks hor- woman.) Is your appetite good?" rified.) American Nurse.-"What on earth Mother.-"No, not good. I don't eat have they done to it?" much rice." Dr. White.-"The mother says the pongyi-that's the priest-filled it Dr. White.-"Do you have gas 1" with gravel to stop the bleeding. Naturally it didn't get well so they Mother.-"Oh, yes, the wind comes up brought the child to us." very much, very much." (Lifts Nurse.-"You'll have to keep him at hand with illustrative motions as the hospital, won't you ?" she speaks.) Dr. White.-"That's what we ought to do, of course, but the trouble is Dr. White (To nurse) .-"She prob- these people don't want to stay. ably has worms. I'll let her go to (Turns to mother.) The leg is very the hospital with the boy." (Turns bad. We'll have to keep him in the to Burmese woman.) "Do you hospital." think you have worms?" (Woman Mother.-"Oh, no, I can't leave him. nods head.) "You and the boy may Give me some medicine to take both stay at the hospital." (Burmese home." woman whispers to grandmother who nods her head.) Dr. White.-But the cut will have to have medicine put on it four times Mother.-"Yes, we will stay." a day and be treated carefully. You really ought to let him stay." Dr. White.-"Ma Po Byu, take these patients to the hospital and bring Mother.-"WeU, I will ask my Gaung the next one." (Ma Po Byu and Gal* (little animal) if he will stay. patients go out.) • Pronounced Gowng Go-lay. American Nurse.-"Why on earth didn't they bring this child here in the first place instead of taking him to the priest for such frightful treatment?"

Dr. White.-"That's just the trouble. They come to us after they have

tried everything else and then they your hospital, but I am afraid you usually expect us to cure them in a can't. I have tried, but didn't suc- couple of hours. But I am glad to ceed. Whatever expense there is have them go to the hospital, be- for medicine please charge to my cause we have so much better op- account. Thanking you very much, portunity to help them reUgiously Mrs. Harcourt-Coos." while they are there." Dr. White.-"There is no doubt but (Enter Ma Po Byu with an Indian what this is an active case of tuber- culosis. (Looks at dispensary card Cook followed by his wife.) on table.) She has a temperature Gook.-"Salaam, Memsahib!" of 102 this morning." Dr. White.-"Salaam! Is this your American Nurse..—uOh, isn't that ter- rible. She looks as if she had one wife?" foot in the grave." Gook.-"Yes, Memsahib." Dr. White (Turns to cook).-"Your Dr. White.-"Doesn't she speak Bur- wife is very sick. She should stay mese or English?" in the hospital. Gook.-"My wife not know anything. Gook.-uOh, no, Memsahib! Got plenty She not speaking English; not children. How can stay?" speaking Burmese. Only speaking Dr. White.-"Haven't you got any Tamil." Dr. White.-"Tell her to sit down. relatives who could take care of the (She sits gingerly on edge of children ?" Gook.-"Plenty relatives, but all got chair.) What is wrong with her?" children. And Memsahib, my wife Gook.-"She coughing very much." not wanting to stay in hospital. She Dr. White.-"Does she ever cough up afraid." blood?" Dr. White.-"Well, we'll make a bar- Gook.-"She did once Memsahib." Dr. White.-"How much ?" gain. You do what I tell you at Gook.-"About a rice spoonful." home for a month and if your wife Dr. White.-"Has your wife always isn't any better she will come and stay at the hospital." been as thin as this 7" Gook.-"Ut-cha Memsahib." (All Gook.-"No, Memsahib. She used to right.) Dr. White.-"How many windows be very fat. Now she has all gone have you in your house?" thin." Gook.~"Got two windows." Dr. White.-"!s your wife eating Dr. White.-"What do you do with much?" them at night 1" Gook.-"No, she is not liking her rice. Gook.-"Shutting all down tight." Eating a little bit only. (Indicates Dr. White.-"Yes, I thought so. Now, a small amount with hands). Oh, I want you to leave them both wide Memsahib, I got chit for you." open and I want your wife to sleep American Nurse.~"What is chit?" near one of them." Dr. White.-uOh, it is just a letter. Gook (protestingly).-"But night air It's our Burmese telephone system. not good for people, Memsahib." We are always writing notes to Dr. White.-"You have been taking care of her a good many years and each other. Read it while I listen to look what she has come to. Now these lungs." (Hands nurse the you try my way for a while." Gook.-"Ut-cha." chit and applies stethoscope to wom- Dr. White.-"Can you get milk for an's lungs, tapping chest once in a While.) her?" American Nurse (reads following let- Cook.-"Goat's milk all right 1" ter).-"Dear Dr. White, I am send- Dr. White.-"Yes, that is all right." ing you my cook and his wife. She Gook.-"Then t get goat, Memsahib."

has been quite sick and I have tried to get them to go to the Government Hospital, but she refuses. I wish you could persuade her to stay in

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Dr. White.-"I want your wife to She hasn't been very well this year, drink five big glasses of milk every and I have just heard that one of day." the Burmese girls at the college told the Dean that she thought that Mir- Cook (in astonishment). – "Five iam had leprosy." glasses, Memsahib 1Then I get three American Nurse.-"Leprosy I" goats." Dr. White.-"Yes, it does happen sometimes even among people like Dr. White.-"All right, you get your that who have always lived in per- goats. And I want your wife to fectly clean surroundings, although have an egg every day. Can you of course it is very unusual. Her get eggs?" brother had it, but they were living in different schools, and we didn't Cook.-"Yes, can get." think she'd get it. If she has it, it Dr. White.-"I am going to give you is going to be pretty hard to tell her. Perhaps it would be easier for some yellow medicine, and I want her if you weren't here." her to take two big spoonfuls three American Nurse.-"I'm sure it would. times a day. And I am going to 1'I1 go." give her some little pills that will (Exit Nurse R) make her want to eat more. She Dr. White.-"Ma Po Byu, will you go must take one before every meal." and send Miriam in?" (Exit Ma Cook.-"What Doctor Memsahib tell- Po Byu R) (Enter Miriam hesi- ing me I do?" tatingly.) Dr. White.-"I want her to rest every Miriam.-"Did you send for me, Dr. day from 12 o'clock until 5, and go White?" to bed every night at 7 o'clock and Dr. White.-"Yes, Miriam. Have you not get up until 7 in the morning." had a good year?" Cook (protestingly). – "But Mem- Miriam.-"Yes, pretty good." sahib, she got plenty work." Dr. White.-"Have you been feeling Dr. White.-"You don't want your all right?" wife to die, do you? If you don't Miriam.-"Yes" (doubtfuIly). take good care of her she will surely Dr. White.~"But Miriam, the Dean die. You will have to help her with wrote me that you weren't feeling the work." very weIl. I want to give you a Cook.-"Vt-cha, Memsahib. I do little examination. I am going to everything you say." take a nasal smear." Dr. White.~"I want you to come back (Dr. takes swab and inserts it in once a week. (Calls Ma Po Byu.) each nostril and then wipes it across Ma Po Byu, will you get the medi- glass slide.) cine for this patient and get her Dr. White.-Now I am going to touch weighed and recorded on the you with a piece of paper, and I chart?" want you to say "Yes" whenever Cook.-"Salaam, Memsahib! (Exits you feel it." (Puts left hand over R followed by his wife.) Miriam's eyes and touches her Dr. White.-"Salaam! (Turns to gently with a piece of paper on American Nurse) . So many of hands, arms, neck, face and legs. these people have T. B. and they Miriam says, "Yes" only when she don't take care of themselves. He is touched on upper arm, neck and says he will do everything I tell face, apparently not knowing when him to, but he probably won't. her hands, forearms and legs are (Looks at next dispensary card.) touched.) Oh, I dread this next appointment. Dr. White.-"Miriam, have you any It's a young Anglo-Indian college idea what you have 1" girl, Miriam Watson. She is about Miriam.-"Is it leprosy?" three-fourths English and one- fourth Burmese. Her parents are dead and she was brought up in a Mission School here at Moulmein.

Dr. Wkite.-"Yes, it is." posed that people like that ever had (Miriam drops head on Dr. White's it. Oh, it seems terrible! Is there knees and sobs.) any hope for her at all?" Dr. White.-"Oh, yes, there is lots of Dr. Wkite.-"Miriam, how long have hope. Weare doing wonderful you suspected this?" things with leprosy now. Why, when I first came out here I was Miriam (her voice trembling).- awfully discouraged with the work "About six months." (Her head at the Leper Asylum, but lately 1 still buried in Dr. White's lap.) am very enthusiastic about it. We have had some wonderful results Dr. Wkite.-"Why didn't you come to among the children out there." me before?" (As she smoothes Mir- American Nur8e.~"How wonderful! 1 iam's head and tries to soothe her.) am so glad that 1 came down here today. There is such a lot for us to Miriam (rises) .-"1 did come over at do! And just before I left home Christmas, but I couldn't bring my- people were saying that they do not self to say anything. 1 knew it was need us out here as they used to." wrong. 1 knew 1 ought not stay at D1'. White.-"Oh, they need us all college with the other girls, but 1 right, and there is a tremendous just couldn't make myself tell you. amount to be done. We must work (Draws back with start.) Oh, 1 till all of these people have a chance mustn't touch you." to know about Jesus." (Starts scrubbing her hands with soap and Dr. White (Drawing Miriam back to water and later soaks her hands in her).-"It''s all right, Miriam. 1 antiseptic solution at table. (L.) am not afraid. You mustn't feel dis- American Nur8e.~"Oh, did you touch couraged? We have had some won- her? Weren't you afraid to?" derful cures lately, and it isn't a Dr. Whit e.-No, although it isn't the hopeless thing now. We had a wisest thing to do. But one can't Burmese girl come in just two years always be wise. I'll scrub up care- ago who has been living in our iso- fully and have this uniform disin- lation building and is practically fected. It will be all right. I sup- cured now." pose it is time to be thinking about breakfast." Miriam.-"Yes, but I won't be cured. American Nurse.-"Oh, I don't feel My brother has it too, you know." much like eating breakfast this morning." Dr. White.-"You have a very good D1·. White.~"Oh, come, you mustn't chance because you came to me so take it that way. Why I just love soon. If we can get a patient who this work. Just think we can really has had symptoms less than five help these people. If we weren't years, we feel that we have every here, probably they wouldn't be chance to cure them. You may have helped. 1 wouldn't change places to stay here one year. You may with anybody else in the world. have to stay three or even four. Come on! Cheer up!" (Puts her There is a nice room you can have arm about nurse as they exit (L).) and you can take long walks and your friends can come and see you. Will our readers kindly send us It won't be so bad." their reactions on' and criticisms of this department; also methods Miriam.~"Oh, 1 don't feel that there which you have proven to have is any hope for me." real educational and inspirational value. Dr. White.-"Ma Po Eyu, will you please take Miriam over to the end room in the isolation ward." (Exit Miriam R.) American Nurse enters immediately.

American NurNP.-"Oh, Dr. White, I saw that ~irl come out. Has she-?" Dr. White.1-"Yes, she has leprosy." American Nurse.-"But I never sup-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK IMPRESSIONS OF THE FEDERAL and design of the buildings were made INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTION FOR by Dr. Harris; this is of double in- terest in that she is also administer- WOMEN Not altogether thrilled was I when ing the thing she planned. The buildasked to stop off at Alderson, West ings are brick and concrete, early Virginia, to visit the first Federal American in design. Instead of bells women's prison called "Federal In- on doors, eagle knockers are in use. dustrial Institution for Women." I The furnishings are simple and in am not a student of penology but good taste. Much has been purchased I have visited Sing Sing, Atlanta cheaply from a government hotel in Penitentiary and St. Quentin and was Washington, painted and reuphol- not eager to see another prison. A stered by the girls. The touch of letter from the Superintendent, Dr. color transforms the cottages, and to Mary Harris, invited me most cordial- add to their charm, the living room ly to take breakfast at her home rath- in each cottage has a fire place and er than on the train. She met the a piano. The dining rooms have small 7: 54 train Sunday morning, April r.(lUnd tables with attractive colored 29, and whizzed me up through the runners, immaculate and well taken town over roads built by prisoners care of. Said a new girl whom I from Atlanta and Leavenworth, past talked with who just came in, "I nevthe prison camp of the men, through er thought I'd be in such a lovely big stone gates and on through place"; then said another looking out grounds that reminded me of a col- across the hills, "If we cannot learn lege campus. As a result of the ear- to be good here, there is something nest efforts of the General Federation wrong." of Women's Clubs, the W. C. T. U. Dr. Harris believes in the sacredand some twenty other national organizations, Congress passed a bill in ness of personality. She is well sup- June, 1924, establishing the Federal ported by her s t a f f. She i s Industrial Institution for Women. endeavoring to build up these women This was the result. again in self respect and in an at- tempt for them to face anew the bat- A delicious breakfast awaited me tIe of life. She believes in the power at the brown cottage on the hill, a of spiritual values. For this reason delightfully attractive home reflecting she is eager that a chapel which will the personality of the hostess. The represent the loving and intelligent beautiful hills of West Virginia sur- thought of those who care, may be rounded us, the songs of birds and erected which will really be the heart fragrance of flowers were in the air, of the institution, and so a group of and a close friend and companion to women's organizations-of which the us all was Gellert, the graceful Rus- Council of Women for Home Missions sian wolfhound. is one-is now trying to get all wom- After breakfast we went over the en of various religious bodies interground seeing many of the cottages. ested in raising $200,000 for a chapel. The cottages on the upper level are If one could see, as 1 did, 130 women built around an oval with play ground -soon to number 500–crowded into and recreation field in the center. On a small classroom for a chapel service, the lower road are other cottages, one could see the need. In spite of work rooms, assembly hall. The plan the handicaps, a real spirit of wor- 55

ship pervaded the place. It was a sent by the Department of Agricul- very real spiritual experience for me; ture to survey this site and reported I shall never forget it. that there is excellent soil and ade- Only one year old the thirtieth of quate acreage to grow the vegetables April, 1928, great material achieve- for the large institutional population ment has come to pass in building and fine grazing land for the neces- and equipment; but far greater is sary herds. The aim of the institu- the growth and development of the tion will be to find out the defects women in the institution-growth in every individual prisoner and to along physical, mental and spiritual give her the treatment and training lines. The total personality classifi- which will help her to overcome those cation is held every three months. defects and fit her to earn an honest There is a resident physician and a living when released.

certain isolated section in the medi- "The industrial training of the cal wing where those who, for any women will be emphasized, but no reason, may be held in solitary con- goods produced in this institution will finement. be sold on the public market in un- A very interesting experiment is fair competition with goods produced being developed, called "Cooperation by the labor of free working men or Clubs" which seems to be working women."

most effectively. Sunday night there was a Christian We, the undersigned inmates of the Endeavor service in cottage 16. Dr. Federal Industrial Institution for Wom.- Harris told the girls some stories of en, in oTder to take the utmost advan- the beginnings, just one year ago. tage of the opportunities afforded us I taught them "Follow the Gleam," here to become better citizens of the and at the end we made a friendship communities to which we shall in time circle, sang it, and said "Good Night" return, .do hereby pledge our coopera- and "Goodbye." tion in the efforts being made for our improvement, physically, mentally and I left in a very different mood than spiritually. when I arrived. I had been on the grounds only fifteen hours but had Realizing that we must have a me- caught the spirit of the place-a condium through which our spirit of co- crete example of salvaging folk acoperation may find expression, we wish cording to modern methods of to avail ourselves of the permission penology instead of scrapping them, granted by the management of the in- as is truly the order of the old. stitution to form clubs in each cottage group, called Cooperation Clubs. LAURA H. PARKER.

The purpose of these clubs is to FOURTH CONFERENCE ON THE afford a channel through which our determination to lead an upright life, here CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR and now, may flow out to improve the life of our cottages, thence to the whole January 14-17, 1929, the Fourth institution, and finally to the families Conference on the Cause and Cure of and communities to which we hope to War will be held at the Hotel Washreturn. We recognize Rnd appreciate ington, Washington, D. C., previous this opportunity to live lives of dignity Conferences having been in January, and usefulness, and we wish to demon- 1925, December, 1926, and January, strate that we value such opportunity 1928. These Conferences are among by showing ourselves capable of taking responsibility and by being loyal to the trust reposed in us.

A statement made by Miss Julia the most important and outstanding K. Jaffray, member, Board of Advis- events in the annual programs of the ors, gives a little of the history of women's large national organizations.

the Institution: "A site of 500 acres It may not be amiss to quote the rea- was selected by a joint commission sons stated for calling the first con- consisting of the Attorney General, ference and the aims.

the Secretary of Labor and the Sec- The futility of war as a means of setretary of the Interior. Experts were tling difficulties between nations becomes

1929J WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

increasingly apparent as science is to new ways of life in international demonstrating the danger of destroying relations. Even after practical measour civilization by the character of mod- ures are agreed upon for organizing ern warfare. the life of the world, this machinery will break down unless men and wom- The women's organizations of this en are trained to meet changing circountry which have been working, cumstances with poise of spirit and through their respective programs, for ability to act intelligently. To this an ordered human society, feel deeply end the Conference believes that we their responsibility in this realm of war must (1) create certain attitudes of and peace. mind, (2) develop intelligent under- standing between racial and national They believe it is time for their or- groups, and (3) discover ways of ganizations to unite in taking steps to education by which individuals can be study the causes and cures of war. trained to take an effective part in the new world. The Conference aims to given an unbiased presentation of accurate data "Every child should be equipped to which will insure more effective pro- perform his part in a social structure grams of work. It also hopes to find which has a world basis. The home, common points of interest which may the library, the school and the church serve as a basis for a more concerted should be effective means to this end. effort on the part of the participating Communities and organizations should set up programs of adult education organi~ations. which should be based upon accurate facts about world situations and lead At that first Conference the com- to adequate education for political ponent members were urged "to under- citizenship in world affairs." take unprejudiced and continuous study of the psychological, political, The effective and far-reaching work economic and social causes of war, and of the National Committee which was to stimulate in every practical man- then formed is well known. In the Recommended Program adopted in ner the development of scientific re- February, 1926, for organizations cosearch in this field in our higher in- operating in the National Committee stitutions of learning and the popular we find the following: "We firmly be- lieve that the abolition of war and the teaching as to the causes of war based substitution of peaceful methods for upon ascertained facts." That Con- settling international disputes is an ference called upon "the people of the obligation upon this generation." United States to unite to break down national and racial prejudices and One is tempted to quote from subfears, and to build up a spirit of sequent Conferences, but instead let friendship and trust among the peo- us jump down to the present, nearly ples of the world." three years later. Before this is printed, the Senate may have ratified The vision of the delegates and the the Pact of Paris which has as object, wide scope of the discussions is evi- as some one has stated it, "the educadenced by resolutions favoring "work tion of the world to think in terms of for the outlawry of war," the "pro- peace rather than war." Ever since gressive codification of international the Briand-Kellogg negotiations looklaw," the "multiplying of such arbitra- ing to the elimination of war began, tion treaties as contribute to interna- the women have been hard at work tional conciliation," the "sharing by expressing approval through resoluthe United States in movements look- tions at all sorts of meetings, resoluing toward reduction of armaments," tions which have had to be progres- "International Conferences on world sively revised in the light of the steps taken in international relations. The resources, the distribution of materials, and the establishment of commercial and industrial codes, and the utilization of existing agencies for international cooperation in the economic field."

The Conference stated: "If we are to have a world in which war between nations will be outlawed, we mus~ have a program of education, adapted

August issue of the BULLETIN was, as and Mrs. International Public Opinion you doubtless recollect, largely devoted and Great Britain, France, Germany, to this movement. By the time this Italy, Japan, and the United States as issue goes to press State Conferences participants. designed to make articulate the cumulative sentiment of organized women Women who can attend and who on Senate ratification of the Paris have not yet been appointed as dele- Past will have been held in at least gates, are urged to send word imforty-one states. mediately to their denominational headquarters which will in turn com- And now you want to know the pro- municate with the Council. gram for the National Conference to be held in January. Monday after- FLORENCE E. QUINLAN. noon, January 14th, there will be a conference especially for those who WORLD DAY OF PRAYER have been following the reading prescribed, the Conference proper open- February 15, 1929 ing that evening with a banquet, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt presiding, ad- Have the plans been made for the dressed by a representative of the observance of the World Day of State Department and Dr. Harry Prayer in your community? If not, Emerson Fosdick on the Interpreta- would it not be well to call the women tion of the Briand-Kellogg Treaty by leaders together immediately and Governments and by the peoples of make all arrangements? You surely the Nations. The sessions will con- do not want to miss the inspiration of tinue through Thursday evening. joining in intercession on the same There will be addresses and discus- day with women all around the globe. sions on such topics as "What are the Real Obstacles to International Re- Have you secured supply and begun duction of Armaments?" "What are using the "Call to Prayer" card the Obstacles to be Removed before (free), seals (25 cents per 100) and the Nations can feel Secure against poster (10 cents)? And how about the War?" "Is Perpetual World Peace program, "That They All May Be Possible? If so, How May It Be One," ($1.75 per 100) and the Re- Achieved?" "How far do Foreign In- treat, "Toward Power in Service," (10 vestments and their Collection become cents)-have you gotten these, too? Sources of International Irritation?" All materials may be obtained from "Freedom of the Seas," "Is there a any of the women's denominational Menace to World Peace in Big Navies, mission board headquarters. It is adin the present Airplane activity, in visable to order early. War Chemistry, in War Publicity?" "Bases of Rapprochement Between A PRAYER FOR UNITY the War Establishment and Peace Advocates," "Does the Monroe Doctrine o God, who hast made of one blood Operate to Secure Friendly Confidence of Neighbor Nations or to Arouse all the nations of mankind, so that all Suspicion and Talk of War?" "The are children and members one of an- Changed Attitude of Peace vs. War." other, how is it that we are so slow to trace the family likeness, so reluc- One afternoon there is to be "An tant to claim our common kinship? International Conversation" on this We pray Thee, 0 God, to make the topic, "Despite the Paris Treaty Re- peoples one …. nouncing War among the Signatories, Why do the Nations still Maintain We pray that since man's need is their War Establishments – Army, one, we all may find the one way to Navy, Submarines, Airplanes, Big Thee, the one God. Forbid that in Guns, Tanks, Poison Gas?"-with Mr. our highest things we should find fel- lowship impossible. May the spirit of Christ break down all barriers and answer the desire of all nations. Amen!-W. E. ORCHARD, in "The Temple: A Book of Prayer."

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK PURPOSES AND POSSIBILITIES It would be profitable to examine a FOR YOUTH IN THE FOR- few of the purposes that have led rep- EIGN MISSION MOVEMENT resentatives from Europe and Amer- To undertake to criticize the pur- ica to establish themselves in the Far poses involved in the missionary East, in Africa and in South America. project of the present day is not an The motive of the first adventurers easy task, and, having completed such was in part exploitation. The pages a criticism, to estimate the possibili- of history of Western countries durties of such a project is still more pre- ing the past century are full of tales sumptuous for one who has been a of men who have gone into these lands part of the missionary movement for for personal or national gain. Nor so short a time. The subject for this can the West point with pride to the two-fold study we should state as fol- history of their military relations with lows: until we examine the purpose these countries, whose land has been which must motivate mission work wrested from them, whose native we cannot esti'mate the possibilities of products have been seized without adethat work. It is with a sense of quate compensation. We hold no brief greatest inadequacy, and with poign- for or against Western business, but ant memories of our many failures we do not have to investigate very far through four years of service, that we into the history of the last hundred years before we discover that business approach this task. Teachers and writers on ethics are enterprises established by the West in divided on the question of what con- the Far East and in Africa have not stitutes moral conduct. One school been unmitigated blessings. One of holds that moral conduct is to be meas- the arguments attributed by some for ured by its results; that that is good supporting foreign missions was that which makes for the greatest happi- where the church goes, business folness of the greatest number. Another lows. school of which Kant is the great A second motive that may have leader, declares that no conduct is to pI;ompted some to enter these countries be judged as moral except that which lies in the wish to impress Western is prompted by a moral motive; that culture, Western civilization, Western the good will is to be the only criterion standards upon them. Putting aside of moral action. It is significant that the question of the presumptuousness the people in so-called non-Christian of such a policy, we find it never meets lands, like the people of every race with success, it has often ended in and every country, are saying that tragedy, and it has always resulted in they care not at all for what is done dissatisfaction and unhappiness for all for them by our church and our state concerned.

unless these acts spring from proper A third motive, more common to the motives. As one lives among the peo- missionary body itself, is that of min- ple of China, for instance, speaking a istering to an "inferior, heathen"

strange tongue, the product of a dif- people. Altruistic efforts often result ferent kind of civilization, he is in something of the sort! Is it not struck by the fact that there is no de- natural when a man finds himself ceiving these people, that' they are prompted by a kindly motive to help alert in detecting unworthy, ulterior some one, that he should feel himself motives, although these motives be superior to the one he helps? It is camouflaged by "good works." easy to forget that we receive from 59

those we help often quite as much as finest and best of their native culture. we give to them. There is no richer opportunity in our American college life than this oppor- The only purpose that should mo- tunity of knowing the student who tivate anyone to help another under comes from another land, yet it is true any circumstances is sheer respect and that hundreds of these students are love for those whom we would help lonely, homesick and discouraged for and this is the only purpose acceptable lack of friends. Here is a crucial test, to the people to whom the missionary' for if we cannot enjoy these students goes. The motives of exploitation, of in our own land, it is safe to say that extending our civilization and culture, it will be far more difficult to appreor of pity for an "inferior" people are ciate their people in another country, unworthy motives. Only as we make under less advantageous conditions. foreign missions, like all life, an opportunity for sharing, can we be of The question of purpose leads, then, any use in the days to' come. A splen- inevitably to the question of preparadid young Chinese woman spoke be- tion. That preparation is to be obfore the Northern Baptist Convention jective as well as subjective-objective in 1928 and sounded there the note in that there must be a thorough that seems to be the true one. She knowledge of the people to whom one said, "These native churches of China, is to go: their customs, traditions, Japan and, other countries are no religions, and culture-subjective, in longer content to follow the older, that the preparation must include mother church of the West. They rigorous physical, mental and spiritual want to walk abreast of her, not be- training of the missionary candidate hind her!" If the young missionary himself. Mission work requires a going out to the Orient and to other sound body, a strong and well-develcountries will be content not to lead, oped mind, and a disciplined spirit. but to walk abreast of his fellows It requires mental and spiritual poise there, and often to follow after them, through twenty-four hours of every he will have the truest sort of happi- day. First class work can be done only ness, and be the only sort of mission- by first class people. There is no hope ary who has a right to go in this for the mission enterprise unless such present day. Jesus called his dis- people as these are sent out. If we are ciples not "servants" but "friends." satisfied to send out less than our best, We must take that same attitude today we may be assured that China, Japan, and carry it into the practice of our Africa will not be so satisfied. lives. After four years of attempting, with many failures, to do this, we And even the best prepared find found that the greatest honor that themselves woefully inadequate. We could come to us was the honor of be- understand more and more why Jesus ing called, sometimes, a friend. was in preparation for His work for thirty years. The reason is not only "But," you say, "how can I love and that the task is so great; it is also respect a people whom I do not yet that we find so many characteristics know?" And the answer, obviously, that are fine and true and Christ-like is that we must study them, their lit- among the people themselves, that we erature, their religions, their phi- are ashamed. Noone can spend four losophy, their customs, their history. years in China, for instance, without More important still, is the study we feeling that he has been given pricemust make of the representatives of less gifts by those people, that he has those peoples who come to our own been given far more than he ever gave; country. There is scarcely a college not because the gospel of Jesus Christ or university of any note today which is a small thing, but because it is too does not have its foreign students. big for him and he has failed so These students are a selected group, often to represent it. One is impressed as a rule, and they embody what is with the courtesy of the Chinese, with

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

their courage, their patience, their mission field; there is no more diffideep capacity for spiritual experience, cult work, nor work which brings so their self-sacrificing lives. One is very many overwhelming compensations. humble in the face of all this, realizing more and more that the church of You ask, "What are my possibilities the future is to be not the church of as a foreign missionary?" The answer America or England, with their is, "They are only as great and as "branches" in other lands, but a good as you yourself are great and Church Universal, in which all people good-no more, no less." The mission and all races will have equal shares, boards ask, "What are the possibilities to which each people, each race will for our work in foreign lands?" The make its characteristic contribution. answer is, "There are none if we send Such a Church will have no masters out men and women, poorly trained, and no servants, but only friends. with inadequate knowledge and appre- ciation of the people to whom they go, What are the possibilities for youth with only the motive of pity to prompt in the missionary movement? They them, or a desire to inflict our civilizaare as many and as great as there are tion on an intelligent but resentful young men and young women trained people. But there are as many possifor their task, setting out with and bilities of assisting in the immortal preserving the only purpose which task of building the true Church of can enter into any Christian enter- Christ which shall be the Church Uniprise-love for a common God; love versal, as there are men and women and respect for a great people. with the training and purpose and the attitude which make such an enter- It is important to stress the "preser- prise possible." The foreign mission vation" of the original motive, for in enterprise can be small and mean and the stress of years of work, under the unworthy of Jesus Christ-an enterpressure of others who do not share prise confined to committee actions, the same view, motives sometimes erection of buildings, institutionalism change, and once bright purposes grow -or it can be made as vital, real and dull. No rules can be laid down for lasting as the work of the First Mismissionary practices, for every day sionary. and every situation is different from the last; but theory and practice can- Our purpose as Christians is the esnot be separated; love demands that tablishing of the Kingdom of God on it be made praticaI. One finds him- earth. For those who have the vision self equal to his task only as he has a and the courage and the strength, deep humility, an abiding purpose. there is no more stirring adventure, no greater opportunity. It is impossible to speak of the work of "the mission." Nothing is MILDRED WELCH. accomplished unless by the individuals who compose "the mission." Institu- Chengtu, China. tions are hollow shells, and organizations have no meaning except as they Of far greater service than any are vitalized and made real by indi- array of learning or gifts of eloviduals. One finds he cannot hide be- quence, more to be desired than hind the skirts of his mission, because, gold and fine gold, more to be after all, there are no skirts, and the sought than a great name, or aporganization is a skeleton that crum- parent opportunities for large usebles when one touches it. As a mis- fulness, of deeper significance than sion body we are no other than the high intellectual attainment, or individual! who compose it; "boards," power of popular influence, is this "missions," "denominations," count gift-may God give it to each one for little; we are known by our own of us I-the secret and sweetness of lives alone. There is no more severe unceasing, prevailing ti-iumphant test of character than serving on the prayer for the coming of the King- dom of the Lord Jesus Christ.

ROBERT E. SPEER.

BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, D.D., Madison, N. J

GENERAL day, January 10, 1929, as a day of prayer for the missionary enterprise Foreign Missions Conference at abroad. It is urged that each Board plan to hold a prayer meeting on that Detroit day either at its own Board rooms or in conjunction with any other 1'HE next meeting of the Foreign Boards that have headquarters in the Missions Conference, will be held same city. The Service of Prayer January 15th to 18th, at Detroit, which was prepared last year by Dr. Michigan. This represents a distinct Patton is available for use and can be departure from former years. This supplied by the Committee of Referarrangement is made partly to provide ence and Council, 419 Fourth Avenue, for mission board representatives in New York City. western parts of the country and partly "to provide a place of meeting New Reasons for Prayer in which entertainment can be secured for all delegates without discrimina- I N DR. JOHN R. MOTT'S last offition on account of race." cial call to the Young Men's Chris- tian Associations for United Prayer, The Committee on Arrangements (Nov. 11th to 17th), he says: for the conference are endeavoring to arrange so that those who attend will The present year has opened new derive the largest possible benefit doors before the Associations and the from the meeting of the International churches and set old ones further Missionary Council in Jerusalem. At ajar. The swift change in China fav- Detroit, plans will be made for a dis- orable to the Christian forces, the cussion of some of the major topics Jerusalem Missionary Conference of by the whole conference, and for the the leaders of both the sending and other subjects sectional groups will the receiving churches of the world, be formed so that those who have the ripeness spiritually of Latin studied these problems can bring the America's spiritual leadership, the benefit of their experience and sug- full mutual understandings enjoyed in gestions. It is hoped that the group working relations with the Eastern may come to share something of the Orthodox Churches-to mention only same vision and unanimity of expres- a few great features of progresssion that resulted at the Jerusalem have greatly increased the Associameeting. With the light of the find- tion's opportunity for service. Here ings of the Jerusalem meeting point- at the base, confronted with increasing the way for a larger recognition ing opportunities and responsibilities of responsibility in the missionary both at home and abroad, as a moveenterprise this step should prove of ment we seem at times beset by a kind real advantage to every Board which of helplessness and confusion that utilizes it. holds us back. Difficulties thou~h great in themselves seem magnified out of Day of Prayer for Missions their true proportion, and we are prone to let them become stumbling T HE Committee of Reference and blocks rather than stepping stones Counsel at its meeting September 27th, voted to invite the Boards and Churches to especially observe Thurs- 62

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

leading to higher attainment and ever units in Europe and in India. To greater achievement. Shall we not North America was assigned coopera- run afresh to Jesus with the desire tion with all the other units of the that will not be denied, to learn from Association throughout the world. A Him how to pray so that we may rise total budget of approximately $100,- out of blindness and weakness into 000 was approved, $70,000 to be clarity of vision and to renewed pur- raised and expended by the North pose and power to do the will of God. American section, and $30,000.00 by Missionary Hymn Prize the British section. Not less than 90 per cent of income from trust funds T HE Hymn Society, a national or- is to be used in carrying forward the ganization of hymn writers, com- work on the missioary fields. posers and hymn book editors, announces through Dr. Milton S. It was voted at Los Angeles to Littlefield, President, a prize of $100 change the name of the organization for the best hymn written voicing the to World Sunday School Council of spirit and purpose of the missionary Christian Education. All the differenterprise of today. The manuscript ent units will come together at the must be submitted to the Society on next great World Convention to be or before Feb. 1, 1929. When the win- held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1932.

ning hymn wprds have been selected, NORTH AMERICA a similar prize will be offered for the best musical setting. All manuscripts National Home Missions Congress are to be submitted to Dr. Franklin A. Gaylord, 47 Englewood Avenue, I N DECEMBER, 1930, a National Englewood, N. J. Home Missions Congress is to be called by the Home Missions Council, the Federal Council of the Churches Sunday School Progress of Christ in America and the Council of Women for Home Missions. T'HE SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES of November 3rd, reports total Its purpose will be to make a critstatistics of Sunday schools of the ical and constructive study of the world, given at the Los Angeles con- home missionary need, the responsivention, as follows: Schools, 356,146; bilities and methods of approach to officers and teachers, 3,603,517; pupils, the task in the new day into which we 29,411,435; total enrollment, 33,014,- have come, and to work out more up- 952. This is an increase over the to-date and statesmanlike policies, figures of the previous Glasgow Con- programs and plans of organization vention of 9,145 schools and in enroll- for winning America to Jesus Christ.

ment of 337,341. In connection with the coming An- At the World's Convention held in nual Conference of Home Mission Glasgow, Scotland, in 1924, the Asso- Boards at Atlantic City (January 8th ciation became a federation of na- to lOth) the four commissions prepar- tional and international units on a ing for the congress will hold a pre- world basis, governed by an execu- paratory meeting.

tive committee elected by these units. The recent government census of Of the thirty-five nations federated 1926 reports 131,673 Protestant in the World's Association, the North churches connected with the Boards American unit and the British units included in the Home Missions Coun- contribute to the work in other fields. cil. Of these 33,540 are city churches At a meeting of the Executive Com- and 98,133 are in rural communities.

mittee held in Heystsur-Mere, Bel- Their total expenditures for one year gium, in June, 1927, the missionary were $427,556,885 of which $90,199,- fields were divided between these two 501 were for missions and benevolence.

sections. To the British section was These figures do not include the assigned cooperation with the national churches of the Southern Baptist Con-

vention and a few smaller denomina- Christian Federation will convene. tional bodies. The largest total gifts After ten or twelve weeks spent in to benevolences and missions are re- India in the study of present-day mis- ported from the Methodist Episcopal sionary work, Malaysia and the Phil- ($20,462,262) and the Presbyterian ippine Islands will be visited en route Church, U. S. A. ($15,299,496). The to the Far East, where the National largest membership is shown by the Christian Councils meet in the spring Methodist Episcopal Church (4,080,- of 1929. Dr. Mott ~.xpects to retum 777), the Methodist Episcopal Church, to New York in June to complete the South (2,487,694), the Presbyterian preparations for the meeting of the Church, U. S. A. (1,894,030), the Committee of the Council in Williams- Protestant Episcopal (1,859,086) and town, Massachusetts, in July. The the Disciples (1,377,595). The United counsel and the continued intercession Lutheran Church reports 1,213,944 of all who are interested in the world- members. wide expansion of Christianity are earnestly desired that this journey of In ten years the number of churches the Chairman of the International in this Evangelical group has de- Missionary Council· may be greatly creased 80/0, from 142,818 to 135,736, blessed of God to the strengthening but the membership has grown nearly of all missionary work. 20'/0, from 18,738,225 to 22,037,024. The total Evangelical Church member- Buffalo Mi.osionary Conference ship in the United States is over twenty-eight million. A MISSIONARY CONFERENCE met in Buffalo, (November 8th Dr. John R. Mott, Around the World to 11th) to discuss and further the objectives of "Missions – Peace- AT THE Jerusalem Meeting of the Brotherhood." The Buffalo ministers . .t. International Missionary Council invited the cooperation of fourteen for- eign mission boards through the For- Dr. John R. Mott was unanimously eign Missions Conference of North reelected as Chairman of the Council, America and it is estimated that a and the request was renewed that he total of 150,000 attended the twelve devote his chief attention to the re- interdenomina.tional meetings at sponsibilities of that office, in order which Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India, that he might give all his powers to Dr. F. W. Norwood of London, Bishop the execution of the far-reaching and Thomas of Brazil, Dr. Robert E. urgent plans adopted by the Council. Speer, Kirby Page and Dr. Charles Dr. Mott has accepted this call, and, Gilkey, spoke most effectively. De- in order to do justice to these new nominational gatherings also met in requiremnets, has laid down his re- ten groups. An audience of about 1,- sponsibilities with the National Coun- 200 was addressed by Dr. Jones upon cil of the Young Men's Christian Asso- "What youth Can Offer to the World," ciations of the United States of and Dr. Gilkey on "What Christ Of- America and with the World's Student fers to American Youth." To insure Christian Federation. permanent results, the local committee has planned for special teacher train- Dr. Mott left in October upon an- ing instruction in missionary educa- other journey to the mission fields in tion. Asia. As Chairman of the Inter- national Missionary Council, he will Protestant Episcopal Convention attend the next meetings of the Na- tional Christian Councils of India, ONE of the spectacular features of Burma and Ceylon, of China, and of the recent Episcopal General Con- Japan. He has gone first to India, vention occurred at the large Wash- where an enlarged meeting of that ington Auditorium, when after a Council was held in Madras in the last colorful procession of woman mission- week of December. Just preceeding that meeting, the World's Student

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

aries from various fields, their pres- en. The spiritual note struck in entation by Secretary Wood, and ad- prayer and program was as earnest dresses of Bishop Freeman and Dr. of what has come to the Board by Sturgis, a united thank-offering of these joint meetings. The unusual $1,101,450.40 for the triennium was manifestation of the prayer spirit and announced by the women of the habit, probably owes most, however, church. In addition to this munificent to Dr. Stanley Jones of India, loaned gift, other gifts for missions by vari- by the Methodists, who said early in ous groups in the church amounted the meeting that he regretted to find to almost $800,000. Even more strik- in America a "ministry unwilling to ing was the Lenten offerings of the pray.:' children during the Triennium of $1,600,000. Growth of Negro HarleDl Commission on Christian Morality T HE New York Urban League re- ports in World Wide News, that AT THE recent Protestant Episcopal the Negro population of New York is now 259,800, of whom 170,000 live in .t. Convention at Washington unity Harlem and 40,000 in Brooklyn. The rest are scattered in various sections was often mentioned and was empha- of the city. Intensive studies of sized in the pastoral letter of .the sample blocks in Harlem show that the House of Bishops, as the crowning act weekly income of the heads of famof the convention. The only thing the ilies is $19.75, and that the average convention did was to appoint a com- monthly rental is $41.14. "The plight mission of three bishops, three pres- of the Negro laborer," the report says, byters and three laymen to confer "is still one of the tragedies of our with representatives of the Methodist social economic system. He is forced and Presbyterian churches eNorth to work at unskilled jobs, irrespective and South) on "Christian Morality." of his training, often at a lower wage, The resolution was introduced by and usually paying more for a place Bishop Brent of the diocese of West- in which to live and rear his children ern New York, the great advocate of than white laborers." The value of unity. The original term used was making these figures known is demon- "Moral Theology," but as no one strated by the fact that these findings seemed to know that particular brand have already been used as a basis of of theology, it was changed to "Chris- wage readjustments for Negro worktian Morality." Bishop Brent's idea ers in two large institutions. seems to be that we must first talk about things which we all desire, and The Indians in America then action will follow. H OW great a number of Red Men Women in an Annual Board Meeting American churches should care for is suggested in an item in The AT THE ANNUAL MEETING of Christian Observer of the Southern Presbyterian Church, which says: .t. the American Board in October, "There are over 300,000 Indians in the United States, the majority of the most unique feature was the pres- them being located in the Western ence and importance of the women States, although some thousands are delegates. The Woman's Board and to be found in North Carolina and the parent Board having united forces, hundreds in Maine, New York, Misthis was the first gathering that they sissippi and Florida. Oklahoma has have participated in to any extent. more Indians than any other state– The program was planned and devised over 100,000, while Arizona ranks by them jointly with the men; the second with 42,000. In all there are addresses of the women were as im- 217 tribes and bands, the distinction portant as those of the men; and the atmosphere charged with that beauty of worship and power of devotion, was the peculiar contribution of the wom- S

between a tribe and a band of Indians evangelicals of the Protestant faith. being often loosely drawn." An even The Protestant Church surely cannot greater responsibility is seen in a say that one per cent of such a mass statement of the Commissioner of In- is its sole responsibility, and withdian Affairs, which gives 354,940 as draw missionaries or feebly support the total in 1927. Missions there.

Chinese Baptisms in Berkeley Leprosy in Porto Rico AFTER years of Chinese exclusion, ASTRONG appeal has come from the Evangelical Seminary, Rio 1' it is not often that the baptism Piedras, Porto Rico, for help in min- istering to sufferers from two dreaded of as many Chinese can be recorded scourges that are attacking the is- as in the First Baptist Church in landers. Out of a population of 1,400,- Berkeley, California. There were 000 there are 60,000 active cases of twenty-one boys from the Chung Mei tuberculosis and many lepers. The Home, a remarkable Christian institu- government maintains a sanitorium tion for Orientals, where, amid sur- for tubercular patients and an isolaroundings that are morally clean and tion camp for lepers, but it is left to uplifting, they are trained for higher the Evangelical Churches to care for manhood and Christian living. Though their spiritual needs. An interdenomin that school all the normal instincts inational committee of the Evangelical of boy life, such as baseball and other Union has been formed to employ a games, are ministered to, they are pastor and supervise the work. Now also taught to relate themselves to a pastor has been secured, but the American life in the public day schools committee needs at least $1,800 a of Berkeley, and the first Baptist Sun- year to finance the enterprise. The day-school. They told of their Chris- recent hurricane disaster so crippled tian experience in unqualified terms, the churches that they will be unable and expect when they have come to to give as much as usual this year. maturity, to return to Chinese colonies Your contributions may be sent to C. and give a good account of themselves. Manly Morton, Treas., Evangelical Seminary, Rio Piedras, Porto Rico. LATIN AMERICA Endeavorers in Gnatemala Mexico's Beliefs I N THIS Central American Republic ONE of the prominent Evangelical Christian Endeavorers are doing leaders at an Institute recently varied work, one of which was to clean held in Mexico City, analyzed the Re- the church building of the Presbypublic's popUlation as to their dom- terian mission. Here is the way they inant beliefs. The percentages, but did it, says Eleanor Morrison: not his actual numbers, are here given. Ten per cent of the entire population "A year ago ten or twelve met to of the more than thirteen millions are do this task, but this time there were pagans; fifty per cent are nominal twenty-six gathered. Brooms, cloths, Catholics; five per cent are intelligent soap and a ladder were brought in and Roman Catholics; ten per cent are such a jolly time as all had! To see workmen who seek to find a satisfying those young men climb up and down, truth; four per cent are intellectuals dusting the ceiling and high parts of who are seeking peace and guidance the doors and windows, and the girls for their lives; seven per cent are washing windows and the benches, indifferent, having no faith in Ca- was a sight to cheer all. The church tholicism and caring for no religion; was left all clean and shining, too nine per cent are unclassified as hav- much so as far as the benches were ing not yet been reached; four per concerned; for some had had paint cent are intellectuals of the upper and lost it, while others had not had classes, free thinkers who refuse any religious faith; and one per cent are

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

any finish. We gathered together a men, on their backs. The bulk of the pile of old newspapers and sold them population are Peruvians. They have to start a fund to get some paint. At Inca Indian and Spanish blood in their noon all assembled in the reading room veins, but call themselves white folk. to enjoy a simple tamale dinner, de- We are welcomed to their homes, and claring the day a happy one and one my delight is to sit on their bed of well spent. Christian Endeavorers in boards or stocks, or on a time-honored other small mission churches may well store box in their doorways, and exfollow this good example from Central plain the Bible at their request. America." "Sin makes the living conditions Evangelism in Chile very sad here. There are so few homes where the parents are married THE Latin American Evangelistic and the father supports the family. Campaign was working in October The children are mostly cared for in Chile. Its chief speaker was Rev. from the earnings of the mother. The Harry Strachan, who has done such women earn forty cents a day at the successful work in twenty-two Latin most. There are slaves at Iquitos. American countries. The Latin Amer- Up to this time, river traders bring ican Evangelist tells of his meetings in Indian slave children here to be Talca, and elsewhere in cooperation bought and reared as servants in with Evangelical churches, the Y. M. homes." C. A. and Salvation Army. In Talca the ample theater was filled, and dur- EUROPE ing the nights of revival, thousands of people listened with attention and A Modern Counter Reformation joy. The power of God was manifest in the message and in the reception HENRY STRONG HUNTINGTON, by the audience. While the addresses in a recent issue of The Christian of Dr. Stanley Jones have appealed to Century, surveys the present condition Latin American intellectuals, this in the Roman Catholic countries of more popular and evangelistic preach- Europe. He shows that on the whole ing is needed and Mr. Strachan ex- the Church of Rome is waging an acpects to continue his work in Chile for tive battle, winning here and there but some months. on the whole internally, if not ex- ternally, is apparently losing more At Iquitos, Peru than she wins. He also tells us of new Catholic activities that are inter- THE Inland South American Union esting. Thus the success of the Y. labors far away from the coast. M. C. A. has called into the field the Miss O. E. Roberts says of her work: Knights of Columbus; and from the "Services in Iquito consist of Sunday- same inspiration a noble Polish Jesuit, school and Friday night service for twenty years ago, started in Cracow our children, of whom we have more a local work which has aided more than 100 regularly. Then Wednesday than five thousand boys and young and Sunday evenings there is service men. For young people farther up the for the big folk. We are working not social scale, the church has organized only among Indians; we are in a various student clubs. In Germany thriving modern city with every class and elsewhere a special lay order of of folk, from the Jewish business men and women of high social standmen, Chinese keepers of dry goods ing concerns itself with the welfare of and grocery stores, Japanese barbers, young people in the universities. and German importers, to the raw In- Members of the order invite Protesdian tribesmen who is here as a slave tant students into their homes and in houses, or roams the streets in converse with them with an engaging rags with a permit to be a carrier of tolerance, thus winning a few to the trunks, firewood and beds and sick church.

As previously noted in the REVIEW, is developing. Near the workers'

European Catholics are giving new colony of the Moscow-Narwski district recognition to the Scriptures. Thus in Leningrad, a large hospital has Father Jerome, head of the great been erected. The anti-religious prop- Franciscan Church in Florence, has aganda has many failures to recora said: "The Catholic Church owes a for in the workers' clubs and canteens debt of gratitude to Protestantism for there is scarcely any indication of suc- the interest now being shown in the cessful anti-religious activity. In Bible. The Protestant Bible societies spite of this manifest public feeling, pointed the way where the Catholic the rulers leave nothing undone in Church is now reaping a harvest." carrying on this fight.

In Spain the Church has set apart twenty priests to become experts in Catholic Congress in Wurburg T the study and presentation of the HE Fifth Academic Missions Con· Bible. Even in Catholicism's London gress was held at Wiirzburg in Cathedral, they sell copies of the Gos- September. While international in pels and the Acts. These are examples scope, it is interesting to note that of the way in which this modern the non-German missions were only Counter Reformation is being carried slightly represented.· Among the sub- jects presented, the lecture by a Jesuit on. Father upon "The Nature of Protes- Russia's Religious Wave tant Missions" was especially inter- REPORTS come from Russia about esting from the ecumenical point of new attempts to suppress reli- view. The speaker pointed out the gion. A new law has been published, importance of the Jerusalem Mission- by which it is intended to limit by ary Conference and called attention to force even private worship. It forbids the alertness of Protestant mission every gathering or meeting of a re- work "according to the most modern ligious nature of women, children or English business way. Protestant young men. Religious libraries or mission work has a lay character; reading rooms are no longer to be therefore it lacks theological training.

maintained. All objects to be used in The result of this missionary work is religious worship are declared nation- a Christianity without dogma, and a al property, and may only remain in conscious worldly missionary dispo- the hands of religious communities in sition which will dig the grave of Prot- the form of a loan. All public worship estant missions.

in public squares-likewise all fes- "A survey of the 'World Apostolate tivals in hospitals and prisons-are of the Present Day' stated that the forbidden. In the latter they may only total Catholic missionary activity to- be practiced for those who are seri- day extends to 624 separate mission ously ill and who expressly ask for fields, with 13,000,000 of baptized ad- them. herents-of whom 10,000,000 are new The causes of these spasmodic ef- Christians, and 1,500,000 are cate- forts in the fight against religion are chumens."

well known. The Bolshevistic periodical, Investia, complains of the notable Athens College After Three Years T gr()wth of the religious communities HIS institution was established in and societies in large towns. Accord- 1925 by a Committee of Greeks and ing to this paper, the number of so- Americans residing in Athens. Soon cieties has grown to forty, and is daily after its opening the Government extending. Contact is made with the recognized and legalized its existence former lecturers and hearers of theo- and also granted it privileges never logical courses,and the reestablish- before enjoyed by a foreign or a pri· – thent of churches is making progress. vate school. In 1926 the regents of the The welfare work of the churches also State of New York granted it a char-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tel'. Dr. Dewing, a professor of Greek college. The student body is Egyp- at Bowdoin College and later Dean of tian, including Moslems, Jews, Copts, Robert College, Constantinople, is its Syrians, Armenians and Greeks. president. He is assisted by nine There are foreigners from neighbor- other Americans and twenty-four ing Levantine lands, 'They,' says Mr. Greeks. The enrolment last year was Crabites of the pupils, 'are not Amer- 120, with over 200 day students in ad- icans. But they learn to love the dition. While at the present infant United States. Children are remark- stage its work is like that of our ably astute. They recognize virtue; grammar and high schools, it will soon they detect sham. They know that no become the most prominent work of sordid, no ulterior, no hidden motive Americans and Greeks in the entire has inspired those who are looking country. Its support comes from the after their education. It has thus land in which it is located, but some come to pass that, while their un- 3,300 Americans have also contrib- formed vocal cords are being attuned uted. The religious side of education to the nasal twang, their receptive has not been neglected, and some of minds become impressed with an abidthe American professors are as in- ing confidence in the idealism of fluential as missionaries in strictly America." missionary colleges. Congo Jubilee Conference AFRICA T HIS fiftieth anniversary of the Ethiopia's Outstretched Hands beginning of Protestant Missions in the Congo (at Leopoldville, Sep- T HE psalmist's prophecy, "Ethiopia tember 16th to 24th) marks an epoch shall haste to stretch out her hands in the history of African Missions. unto God," is at last being fulfilled. Protestant Missionaries from Li- Already a number of references have beria, the Kameruns, and from been made to Dr. Lambie's pioneer ef- twenty-eight different missions workforts; but in addition, the secretary ing in the Congo itself were presof the Abyssinian Frontiers Mission ent, as well as delegates from sends the following facts: A year ago home societies in Sweden, Belgium, the pioneer party of nine missionaries France, Great Britain and the United sailed for Abyssinia, opening head- States. The Belgian colonial Governquarters at Addis Ababa. Two other ment was cordial and aided in several stations in Southern Abyssinia have ways, especially in transporting the been established recently; and in Oc- delegates. The rapid development of tober another company of seven rein- the Congo, due to discovery of probforcements sailed for the field, making ably the greatest copper deposits in sixteen missionaries who have gone the world, as well as of diamonds, out within a year. It is hoped that makes this part of Africa a critical at least two stations will be opened one for the coming years. The govsoon among other tribes. ernor of the district where the confer- ence assembled in a personal interview American Schools in Egypt said that they needed more mission- aries there and that help must come I N THE Nineteenth Century and at once. Aftej', Pierre Crabites writes of American schools in Egypt in order In the conference, plans were anto stimulate Britain to move in the nounced for cooperation of the missame beneficent direction: "The in- sions and the government in educafluence of the American schools is all- tion and medicine. The intense pervading. They dot the land from activity of the Congo Catholics, who one end to the other with an average are said to have on the field a force daily enrollment of some 20,000 pupils. of 3,000 missionaries, makes a Prot- Their curriculum begins with the estant advance all the more desirable, primary department and ends with the

as they have already used pressure bwe, Chibiliti, that is to say, 'a match.' against Protestant converts through They gave him this name because his beating and otherwise. The new na- teaching was so good, just like a good tive church, self-supporting and self- match. He had a little match within propagating, is already visible and him which burned up any bad thing. needs a better trained leadership. It When matches are in the box, they are is believed that this great conference, very cool; but if a man takes one out so able in its personnel and so un- and strikes it on the box, at once the afraid before its various problems fire comes out, and can burn up all will, through its findings and in- bad things; so the teaching of Mr. fluence, mark a new day for Christian Draper coming from a heart of meekmissions in Africa. The representa- ness, ruins the wicked thought among tives from Mission Boards in Amer- the people he teaches. He had no ica included Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, pride at all. Many Europeans are too Secretary of the American Baptist proud among the black people. With Foreign Mission Society; Mrs. H. E. his great love for us, he laid down Goodman and Dr. C. D. Bonsack, his life for us, even as Christ in this members of the Committee of Refer- world." ence and Counsel, representing the Women's Baptist Board and the Mission Schools in Cape Colony Church of the Brethren, respectively, and Dr. T. S. Donohugh of the Meth- THE SOUTH AFRICAN OUTLOOK odist Episcopal Board and Miss Esther quotes from official organs of the Case of the Methodist Episcopal Department of Education in Cape Church, South. Province, the following statements: Demoralized Diamond Diggers "All the native training schools in the Province were established and are THE Church Army evangelists, maintained by mission churches, and working among the diamond mines the Department has all along recogof South Africa, are subjected to nized their denominational character. great handicaps, especially in the In spite of this connection with Lichtenburg diggings. There are no Churches, it is gratifying to find that roads, no houses, the people live in tin students of the different denominashacks, no drainage, no sanitation, and tions go freely to schools controlled by all the water had to be brought by other Churches, without prejudice to motor transport and cost fourpence a their connection with their own …. gallon. The temptations of the whites, Further, all managers of mission as well as of the natives, are so great schools have the right to nominate that the area is one of the most de- teachers to their schools, and in exermoralized in the world. The Church cising this right, managers naturally Army works among the people, using prefer to nominate teachers able to five languages in song, and the give religious instruction according speaker preaching with two interpre- to the tenets of their respective ters for different languages, standing churches. In view of the importance one on each side. Recreation is a attached to religious instruction, the prominent part of their program, and Department freely recognizes this, there is great encouragement to go provided that the teachers nominated forward in their work. are otherwise qualified for their posts."

A "Match" Missionary in Africa THE NEAR EAST T HIS nickname given Mr. Draper, The Influence of One Bible is explained by The Chronicle of the London Missionary Society in a letter FORTY-FIVE years ago a Jew from a Negro of Kawimbe. stepped into a Bible house in Con- stantinople to purchase a Bible be- "They gave him a name in Kimam- cause he could secure both the Old

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and New Testament a dollar cheaper ence," have been abolished. All forms than the Old Testament alone could of complimentary address are likewise be obtained for from the Jewish Pub- discarded, so that even the King and lication Society. Queen will be addressed simply as "My dear-." The Assembly refused He became interested in the New to raise the age of marriage for girls Testament and was led to accept to eighteen and for boys to twenty. Christ. His wife also became a Chris- The powers of the Mullahs, or relitian and they added to their line of gious leaders, has been reduced greatmerchandise a Volunteer Bible agency, ly. Natives must have preaching handling the Scriptures in thirty-three certificates, and foreigners will not be languages. allowed to serve."

Twenty-five years ago they move:l In a later Alliance Weekly, we read to the Far West and opened their bus- of the adoption of a national flag. iness as importers in San Fran- "The old flag which was black, has cisco. His ruling passion was to given place to one with three vertical preach Christ and distribute Bibles stripes, black, red and green. The among the Jews. King has explained that the black stands for the past when they were Two yean, ago he died, leaving hiB dependent and under foreign oppresentire proper.ty, except a life income sian; the red for the blood shed for for his wife, to the San Francisco independence; the green as a symbol Agency of the Bible Society, to be of their wealth and hopes for the spent in the distribution of the Bible future." among the Jews throughout the world. Eternity alone will reveal the extent INDIA of his work as a soul-winner.-Canadian Baptist. Revival Month Afghanistan Rapidly Advancing T HE Rev. S. W. Clemens, of the American Methodist Episcopal T HE November Current History re- Church (North), writes from Delhi of ports further progress in this the revival season which usually comes hermit kingdom. early in the year. "At noonday in the heat of the sun-in the morning A Turkish educational commission just after six and before our people recently visited Kabul with the object go to work to cut the grain or sweep of revising the curricula of primary the streets-at nighttime when the and high schools according to Turkish dogs howl and the jackals give their models. On October 6th, Bombay wit- human screams-and far into the nessed the departure from her harbor night-these are the times of our reof III Afghan students, including vival meetings in India. At these fifteen girls. They are going to Con- hours the harmonium and the flying stantinople first, but they will be in fingers of the drum-men keep the the West for a period of eleven years. great crowds still, and asking for The boys will receive military train- more. ing and the girls education in medicine and nursing. King Amanullah "Revival month in India comes in has continued to modernize Afghan- February and March, which is India's istan with great rapidity through his ideal weather. The revival has no own decrees and the resolutions of outstanding leader, but it is a call to the National Convention. Universal the thousands of humble preachers manhood suffrage has been introduced, and laymen to move forward in inand a National Assembly of 150 mem- tense effort to carry the Gospel to the bers is to be elected. Compulsory hearing of Hindus and Mohammedans. military service has been extended Statistics are usually called Jor telling from two years to three. All titles the number of meetings held, number ahd all ceremonial uniforms, with the of persons present, number of persons exception of the "Badge of Independ-

baptized, number of Scripture por- onlookers realize that they worship no tions sold, number of tracts d"istrib- idol, but the living God of glory, and uted, number of lay helpers assisting the Saviour of the world. Mr. Seaand amount received in offerings." mands in reporting it, says: "The More important than mere statistics Lord of all blessing so blessed me that is the fact that thousands in India the spring of my soul bubbles up with during that month, are abroad in the the memory of those days." Indian harvest field, and many souls are won. Revolt Against Child Marriage Indigenous Christian Method~ THE editor of the Dnyanodaya of Bombay writes of the growing in- T HE method here described is car- dignation of Indian womanhood ried on by Methodist "bhaktaru," against child marriage. He says: "One the Hindu name for "humble, hilari- of the most moving spectacles since ous devotees," and their sacred we came to India twenty years ago "jathra," "the place and occasion of has been to watch in recent months the meeting of crowds of those dev- the indignation of Indian womanhood otees for the purpose of worship," in as it has swept over India regarding Bidar, the station headquarters of the the crying wrong against Indian girls mission. The religious reason for this having to marry so early' in life. Reso- "jathra" is .that it affords an annual lutions almost numberless have been gathering of Christians from all parts sent to the Legislative Assembly by of the District "to worship their Sav- Indian women of all grades of society, iour, to fellowship in the Spirit, one ranging from Indian queens to the with another, to get into touch with humblest peasant women in the land, the workings of the Kingdom in its urging that Mr. Sarda's Bill be various sections, to receive added passed, legislating that marriage of Christian instruction in Christian Indian girls be prevented below the lines, and then to return w1th enthusi- age of fourteen and of boys below the asm to their villages and diffuse the age of eighteen. And one of the most new life among their neighbors." nauseating sights we have ever wit- nessed has been that provided by the There do not appear to be any re- resolutions proceeding from Orthodox maining elements of the old idolatry Brahmin priests objecting to this proin the festivities. The Christians are posed legislation." Quoting the Cenmainly from the "outcastes" whom sus figures in 1921, we read: "In 1921 Christ has set free, and why should there were in India 612 widows who they not be hilarious as they mingle were babes not over twelve months with so many delegates from a still old; 498 between one and two years; larger group of persons who have be- 1,285 between two and three, with come free, giving vent to their feel- 2,863 between three and four, and ings with music and dancing-reli- 6,758 between four and five, making a gious music and "dancing before the total of 12,016 widows under five Lord"? The Christians of each of the years of age. The number of widows large circuits form a procession led between five and ten years of age was by men who carry large banners to 85,580, and those between ten and fifwhich are attached ropes which are teen number 233,533. The total numheld at the lower end by men in May- ber of widows under ten was 97,596 pole fashion. Each circuit also has an and under fifteen was 331,793." orchestra of flute-like instruments and broad drums, and crowds of enthusi- Renunciation of Untouchability asts who sing in antiphonal harmony while they move in rhythmic fashion T HE Hindu Maha Sabha passed around their leader in the center, as seven resolutions in their eleventh their shouts of victory rise to heaven. session, in which they called for the It gives them great joy, and Hindu removal of untouchability by caste

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

holders. It is said that they were showing the practical ways in which passed by a unanimous vote of that each of these three religions could be body. It will be recalled that a large lived out in daily life and conduct. majority of Indians won by Protestant The leaders urged upon the students missions are from this class, and that closer fellowship with one another in despite their social disabilities, many the spirit of brotherhood, believing of them have been educated and pre- that under heaven they were all one pared for positions of influence in family. Questions such as these, state and church. Two of the reso- "What do you think contributes most lutions are quoted below. to character in the life of your school?" and "What are the moral 1. The Hindu Maha Sabha declares problems which you think the boys of that the so-called untouchables have your school find to be most difficult?" equal rights with other Hindus to study were discussed with much profit. At in public schools, to take water from the closing session Moslems, Hindus public wells and other sources of drink- and Christians came to the platform ing water, to sit with others in public and testified to the values of the conmeetings and to walk on public roads. ference. The Maha Sabha calls upon all Hindus to remove such restrictions as may be Burmese Gospel Teams existing anywhere at present in the way of the so-called untouchable Hindus ex- T HE Student Gospel Teams of Burercising these rights … ma are doing a splendid piece of evangelistic work. Rev. V. W. Dyer, 4. This Hindu Maha Sabha is of the under whose direction they go out, opinion that every Hindu to whatever reports that the year's totals are 300 caste he may belong, has equal social and baptisms, and the public confessions political rights. of 2,400 more, who earnestly desire to know more of the Christian way of The editor of The Indian Witness life.-Missions. adds this comment: "This is a notable declaration. It represents an ad- CHINA vance in thinking regarding the rights of the much-despised and oppressed "Acts" of a Chinese Christian untouchables that few people would have thought possible a few years T HIS Christian is Dr. C. T. Wang, ago. The resolutions will not all be of whom Thomas F. Millard, said made effective this year or next nor in a recent issue of the New York for many years to come.. .. But the Herald Tribune: fact remains that the most powerful organization in Hinduism has put on If one looks up his biography and record a unanimous vote in favor of condenses it. he is Wang Chi'mg-t'ing, according to the untouchables many age forty-siic, B.A., Ph.D., LL.D., Phi of the rights that Hinduism has de- Betta Kappa, etc.; educated in China, nied to them through the centuries." Japan, and at Yale and Michigan Uni- versities; sometime secretary of the "Inter-Religious Camp for Boys" Chinese Y. M. C. A. at Shanghai and later National Secretary; ardent re- SO READS the title of an article publican and early adherent of the in The Christian Patriot of India, revolution; member of China's first which describes a recent camp con- parliament and Vice President of the vened in Mandapam. It was held for Senate; member of the Kuoming three days and was attended by 123 Tang from that party's beginning; delegates. Nine were Mohammedan member of China's delegation at the boys, 36 were Hindus, 68 were Chris- Paris Peace Conference; negotiated tians, and there were other non-stu- for China the agreement whereby dent leaders making up the total. Japan evacuated Shantung Province; The morning sessions were devoted to at times Minister of Foreign Affairs Religious Study Groups upon topics at Peking and Acting Premier; Chief that were intimate discussions of Hindu, Moslem and Christian interest,

Chinese member of the international to religious instruction, the following China tariff conference; conducted decision of the Episcopal Church at negotiations with Soviet Russia and its recent Council in Washington, is signed preliminary treaty; Minister of Justice; Minister of Foreign Af- interesting. Part of it reads as folfairs in the National Government of China. lows: One hesitates to say how long "C. The National Council considers that T." will hold his present job. He the following are essential conditions f?r took office at a moment of crisis in the registration of schools supported m China's foreign relations, and es- whole or in part by the aid of the Church pecially with Japan. Conditions and in the United States, namely; circumstances may force him to retire before this article reaches New York. 4. That nothing in the regulations or Already the barrage to drive him from other requirements under which regisoffice, led by Japan's propaganda tration is to be effected shall: organs in China, is in full cry. If I know the man, he will retire rather (a) Forbid an open declaration of the than give up his ideals. Christian character and purpose of the school. Chinese Want Missionaries (b) Involve the surrender of the title T HE Chinese National Christian to or of the control of property. Council, at its recent meeting, held in October, expressed deep con- (c) Impair the authority of the Nacern over the uncertainty expressed tional Council, as trustees, through its in some minds as to the need for representatives in China, to appoint and foreign missionaries in China. The remove directors of the school, to deter- Council voiced the conviction that, mine its conduct, and to select its prinfor a long time to come, the help of cipal and faculty. missionaries will be required, in one part of China or another, for prac- (d) Impair the right of the school to tically every type of work. They teach the Christian religion and to proexpect the administrative responsi- vide Christian services as a regular part bilities to be increasingly carried by of the school life. Chinese, but desire the help of missionaries to meet the ever enlarging 5. Whenever the Bishop, as the repreneed for specially trained men and sentative in China of the trustees, finds women of deep consecration as the that all the foregoing conditions can be Church seeks to enter into new and fulfilled. the National Council of Advice, wider fields of service. There is a would be justified in registering the call today for a large offering of the school. finest young men and women of America to come in as fellow workers of Twelve Million Chinese Starving Chinese Christians in the common service of Christ in that land. In this T HE International Famine Relief new day for China, may the opportuni- Commission at its fourth annual ty be seen and accepted by many in meeting made a moving appeal to our the spirit of Christ who said, "I am among you as one that serveth." Red Cross organization, to the China Famine Relief Committee in New School Registration in China York and to other charitable societies asking for $12,000,000, and they also I N VIEW of the fact that on Janu- asked the Chinese public for an addi- ary 1st, all schools in China must register and declare their position as tional $8,000,000. This enormous demand was due to reports from pro- vincial governments, city and district magistrates, Marshals Fimg and Yen, which show that at least 5,000,000 are already starving, with practical cer- tainty that before spring comes the starving millions will reach twenty at least. The Moslem uprising in Kansu has made the situation still more alarming. In addition to the eating of grass, bark and roots, the frenzied poor are selling wives, girls and even boy babies. A missionary reports that in Southern Chihli, in one village and in one day twenty women and girls

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

were sold, the prices ranging from one Engineer Bennett Versus Dr. Lennox small sack of grain to $10. Honan, Shensi and Shantung are the provinces A RECENT issue of The Atlantic that are suffering the most at present, Monthly contained an article atthough nine others are in great need. tacking Protestant Missions in China. Already in the North snow has come, Its misstatements were so palpably and cold winds add to the cup of woe. untrue and unfair, that the periodical is said to have received some 200 pro- Persecution in Hunan tests. Of these the Monthly published one in October by Dr. Lennox of the T HE October issue of the Chinese Rockefeller Foundation's Medical Recorder contains a harrowing ac- School. We quote a few items from count of persecutions inflicted upon this letter as it appeared in The Con- Christians in this reddest of China's gregationalist; provinces. These are Presybterian losses almost wholly. "I am not willing to sit silent while All the Presbyterian property in Mr. Bennett damns the Protestant Chenchow was ruined, most of it being burned. Eight chapels in outlying missionaries who conceive it their stations were burned and a number of function to assist the thinking })ortion others looted.' Leiyang, a city of 30,- of the Chinese people in their troubled 000 inhabitants, was burned, not a transfer from the medieval to the roof being left on a single house. All modern world. One of Mr. Bennett's the twenty-seven families in the criticisms, that of luxurious living of church lost their property. Miss Tseng the Protestant missionaries, deserves Chen-lien, principal of Locke Academy comment. The principal reason why in Ch€mchow, was speared to death missionaries should not live as the by the Communists because she re- Chinese do, is that, if they did, they fused to join them. A few daring would not, many of them, live. If neighbors under cloak of darkness these persons would not share the gave her a decent burial. Mr. Tuan high morbidity and mortality rates Pi-an, a former evangelist, was in prevalent among the Chinese, they the employ of the Nationalist Army at must live in houses that can be kept Kueiyangchow. Because he refused to fairly clean and cool, which have join the Reds, he and his son were means for the proper disposal of sewkilled by them. At Hsiaoshuipu the age, and are screened. White })ersons Communists, failing to find Mr. Hu must, in addition, have vacations and a church member, killed his wife and means of relaxation. If a missionary son. They threatened also to kill every wishes to keep intellectually fit, he Christian who would not renounce the must have furlough periods for study. church. At Leiyang, the wife of an If economy be Mr. Bennett's plea, he elder, killed a year ago, was captured should know that preventable sickness and allowed to drown accidentally. and death among missionaries have Elder La of Chenchow died as the re- constituted a much greater waste of sult of the strains of constant threats. money than has the building of mod- The eighteen-year-old daughter of ern-style houses and of cottages at Elder Chen of Chenchow, was held in summer resorts." The force of Dr. captivity for two months. Teachers Lennox's reply is strengthened when and graduates of Locke Academy for we recall the excellent monograph girls, Chencnow, were "forced to which he published a few years ago marry" army officers. The sister of upon the health of missionaries, based an evangelist was executed on the U }) <) n prolonged investigations charge of being a Communist. A throughout the mISSiOnary body. preacher, a member of an evangelistic Other points in his reply prove as conband, was kiIled by the Communists. clusively as this that Mr. Bennett had no adequate knowledge as to the charges he made, and as little about

the Catholic missionaries whom he ing that after the soldiers retired lauds. again to private life, the habit would persist to the benefit of society. The JAPAN results were so surprising that other sections of the army followed his ex- New Emperor Crowned ample and it is believed that this object-lesson will set Japan on the As THE climax of more than a year prohibition highway. Already the of ceremonies His Majesty Hi- city of Sendai has taken up the move- rohito announced his accession to the ment, while another step forward is throne of Japan on November 10. seen in the rapid growth of the J ap- The coronation took place within the anese Intercollegiate Prohibition ancient Imperial palace at Kyoto. So League. perfect was the organization that the thrones of emperor and empress were Praying to the Gods and Finding God unveiled, the imperial rescript read, the premier's response made, and all WORKERS in a Japanese mission the ceremonies timed so that when hall came into contact with a the moment came at which the pre- case of feminine devotion to a dis- mier led the coronation guests in three solute husband. All that was base and shouts of Banzai. ("Ten Thousand immoral contributed to his wicked- Years" !) the same three shouts were ness. Sometimes as much as one hun- raised at the same moment by J ap- dred yen ($50) was squandered in anese all over the empire; and all riotous living in a single evening. The without the aid of radio! Newspaper wife finding this burden insufferable, comment has made much of the fact decided upon making a round of cer- that the Empress Nagako was en- tain temples in the hope of relief throned at the same time as her hus- from their deities. When this was un- band-an event not duplicated in the availing, she thought that some per- modern era of Japan's history. But sonal sacrifice might aid her prayers this was not the only sign of change. and worship; so she cut off her hair Hirohito came to the throne as the and offered it before the gods. Later one hundred and twenty-fourth em- she went to a temple, resolved to risk peror in the line of the reigning her own life. It was midwinter, but house. No other royal family can be- she stood in icy water for certain gin to compare its regal lineage with periods and poured the cold water this. Yet the new emperor differed over her head in the hope that she from all his one hundred and twenty- might atone for her husband. three imperial ancestors in this-that his training has included personal ob- When all these attempts to gain servation in many other parts of the favor of the gods were unavailing, world. Japan now has an emperor she resolved that she would wait until who has watched at first hand the a certain date, and then, if there were conduct of democratic monarchs of no sign of response, she would end Europe.-The Christian Century. the struggle by suicide. Up to this time she had only realized that her Japan's Army Going Dry husband was the sinner who needed divine help. But the night before the PTJSSYFOOT" Johnson informs us date when suicide was contemplated, that a temperance movement has she dropped into a mission hall. As gained an entrance to the Japanese she listened to the Gospel, she realized Army under the leadership of Lieu- for the first time that her own soul tenant General Ichiji Inouye. In needed salvation, and after furtheI' order to diminish many' petty crimes instruction she received Christ as her , and wrongs of camp life, he intro- Saviour. Going home she told her duced prohibition in his division, hop- husband her great discovery. In curi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

osity he followed her later to the hall, mountain pass to the government and contact with the living Christ, school. The teacher's salary and all who very evidently had changed his the other expenses are paid by the wife into a new woman, caused him farmer. During the early spring a also to see the light and he became class in sericulture for women from a Christian. near-by villages was held here.- Korean Broodcasts. KOREA ISLANDS OF THE SEA A Korean Seminary Revival North Queensland Aborigines APRESBYTERlAN source tells of a revival of the most helpful kind THE Aboriginal Mission is now in begun in ine Theological Seminary. the care of the Presbyterian work- The students became greatly burdened ers. Rev. N. Hey, of the Moravians, because of previous lack df earnestness formerly working for these aborigin preaching the Gospel. For two days ines, tells of the decay of these all classes were dropped and students tribes, and the attempt to check this and faculty gave themselves to earnest decay by bringing in half-castes and prayer, with the result that the stu- South Sea Islanders, with the result dents were filled with new consecra- that this decay has been lessened. Betion and zeal to testify to others. lieving that the Gospel is an even Following the revival, special meet- better remedy, Mr. Hey argues for the ings were conducted by the seminary training of a larger native force, saystudents in three of the city churches ing that "we Europeans are too exwhich resulted in many conversions pensive and can never hope to fully and in blessing the whole church in understand the native mind, and of Pyengyang. course they will never be able to fol- low our way of reasoning." A Korean Farlller's Christian Deeds Yet there are results of previous I NA tiny village tucked away in the work that can be mentioned. Socially mountains lived a well-to-do farmer the people thirty-seven years ago lived whose daughter had become insane. in camps like cattle. Now many live The father had heard that a revivalist in seperate little homesteads of their in a village not far away was able to own. Commercially the 'young men of cure the insane. He did not know any- twenty-five years ago were working thing about Christianity, but he took as fishers or manual laborers for ten his daughter over the mountains to shillings a month. Today train,ed the meeting. She was not cured, but Christian men earn as much as £7 a the father became so interested in the month. Twenty·five years ago no pro- Gospel that he stayed through the duce was for sale; now one station meetings and was converted. He re- produces over £500 worth in one year, turned to his home full of zeal for while one native farmer made £150 spreading the Good News. His family over and above what was consumed were all brought to Christ, and he was by his family. tireless in preaching to his neighbors and in persuading them to go to the Spiritual results are also mentioned nearest church. He decided that the by Mr. Hey. New light has been shed village must have a church, and there upon Bible teachings. The Mission being no other way, he built it with has shown afresh that the Gospel is his own money. It was a neat little still the power of God unto salvation. frame building, clean and bright, used A large number of baptisms have every day of the week for the en- taken place at all four of their stalightenment of the villagers. A pri- tions, and the influence of the Mission mary school was organized for the is also seen in the changed lives of children, too young to walk over the whites who have come into contact with the Mission.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Awaking WOrld-Christianity among He has come back convinced that if non-white races. Stanley High. 60 anyone has misgivings and reserva- cents paper, $1 cloth. New York. tions on these questions, it issues out 1928. of ignorance or wilful blindness. Mr. High has seen enough of redeemed One of the younger students of for- life not to question in the slightest eign missions offers first-hand ob- degree the power of Christ to meet servation and appraisal of the prog- the world's need today. He does not ress of Christianity in non-Christian excuse western churches for the lands in terms of the present-day con- weaknesses inherent in the missionary cerns of young people. The author program. To him, however, they are has recently returned from a world only transitory. He has faith to betrip which profoundly influenced his lieve that any present mal-adjustjudgment as to the unique place and ments and inadequacies in policy and contribution of Christianity to the program can and will be overcome. world's life. When Mr. High started out on his journeys he knew better The book offers one of the finest than most Church leaders what ques- apologetics of modern missions pubtions and misgivings regarding mis- lished in recent years. The author sions were current among young has looked at missions through the people today. He has returned with eyes and with the mind of a young first-hand answers to many of these layman and has reported back to our criticisms. Church laity his findings in a language which they can understand and with The first two chapters deal with the a winning directness and candor. changes and adjustments in missionary methods and objectives which M. T. STAUFFER. every progressive interpreter of the modern missionary enterprise is de- Missions in a Changing World. W. W. lighted to stress. Following this fresh Pinson. 212 pp. $1. Nashville, Tenn. apologetic and corrective, to more tra- 1928. ditional concepts of missions, the author proceeds to give a most vivid This interesting and arresting book account of his observations and im- is based upon the thinking, observapressions in different countries. True tion and experience of one who is both to his journalistic training, he gives well informed and sympathetic. The to all his accounts a delightful touch author is frank, fearless and original. of realism, and the reader feels that His style is vivid and his chapters are the author is writing not only about supported by a wide reading in the what he has got hold of with his own general as well as the special field. eyes and ears but also about what has His attitude is indicated by the stateseized him. He went forth to study ment in the Preface that he constantly the professed value of the missionary found it necessary to change his program, the uniqueness and uni- tenses; also to be "shy of the prophversality of the Christian faith, and et's role." A static world, he declares, its ability to meet the world's need. would be comfortable but dull.

The treatment of the subject is in- 78

BOOKS WORTH READING

dicated by the titles of the chapters, merly the head of its Department of as for example, "Facing aNew World," "Wisdom Is Justified of Her Chil- Missionary Education. He is one of dren," "Overtaking Our Ideals," "A New Era for Loyalty," "The Great the outstanding leaders in the Mis- Adventure." Much is being written in these days to keep us mindful of sionary Education Movement, the Rethe fact that the world is undergoing an unusual change. The present ligious Education Association, and author's treatment is suggestive rather than particularistic. The writ- the International Council of Religious ing is after the style of the essay, discursive, with running comment on a Education. He has had several years multitude of things in the vein of a calm and tolerant, yet thoroughly of experience as Director of Religious Christian, philosophy of events. The modern movements in the world and Education in a successful and wellin the Church, so perplexing to many, are presented as working out the organized church, which have given beneficent purposes of God. The author's style ·and point of view are him the background for the preparaillustrated by the following quotation: "We are in transition. It is a tion of a book upon this important creative hour. It is in such hours that the nation is born or wrecked in a day. subject. The time is plastic. It is stored with measureless possibilities. It is an un- Dr. Gates with real statesmanship finished process. The world has not arrived. It will not turn back. It has surveyed the field with broad will stop where it is." vision, practical utility, and sound There is a curious error in the book where, on page 38, the name of a great educational technique. His book will philosopher is confused with that of a great missionary. The author of be valuable, not only as a textbook for "Missions from the Modern View" was Robert A. Hume and not David Hume. the course referred to above, but also w. I. C. as suggesting an effective program Missionary Education in the Church. Her- by which missionary education may bert Wright Gates. 227 pp. $1. be conducted in any church. Pastors, Boston. 1928. Sunday-school superintendents, direc- This is one of the approved text- books in the standard leadership tors of Religious Education and others training curriculum sponsored by the International Council of Religious will find this of real value in the de- Education, as the textbook on "Meth- ods and Materials of Missionary Edu- velopment of an adequate and in- cation." It covers the ground admirably not only as a textbook but clusive program of religious educa- from the standpoint of the setting forth a church-wide program of mis- tion. J. B. K. sionary education. In Spite of Handicaps. Ralph W. Bullock. The author is the General Secre- 140 pp. $2. New York. 1928. tary of the Educational Society of the Congregational Church and for- Here are eighteen brief biograph- ical sketches with discussion outlines of outstanding Negroes now living and achieving distinction in various lines ot" endeavor. The purpose is two-fold: First, to inspire the colored youth and give them a deeper sense of self-respect and pride in the achieve- ments of their race, and second, to ac- quaint the youth of the white race with outstanding leaders of the colored race who merit recognition and re- spect, thus promoting better inter- racial understanding and good will.

Among the individuals treated are: Roland Hayes, the popular soloist; Robert Moton, Tuskegee educator; George Washington Carver, the scien- tist; Wm. Edward DuBois, the author and editor; Henry Tanner, the painter, and Max Yergen, the Chris- tian leader among youth in South Africa.

In these inspiring sketches one

glimpses in each individual described Catholics; but priests oppose the As- the possession of a real sense of mis- sociation because it tolerates Prot- sion. These men seem to be driven estants. In the General Hospital of by a great and increasing purpose to Manila priests urge all to "become realize the highest in self-development good Catholics and to stop reading the and self-expression. The book should Bible."

be used widely among young people 3. Morality. During the Spanish interested in interracial problems. regime when only Roman Catholicism M. T. S. was tolerated in the Philippines tem- perate and moral priests were a rarity. Mexico Before the World. Plutarco Elias The Moral Theology of Ligouri (an Calles. 244 pp. $1. New York. 1927. authority) condones the lapses of a This collection of quotations from priest into immoral relations with official public documents and addresses women parishioners. The Protestants by the President of Mexico, interpret in the Philippines have led the cam- the ideals and purposes of the Mex- paigns against cockfighting, alcohol- ican Government. In view of the ism and immoral cabarets.

general' ignorance of things Mexican 4. Honesty. Ligouri says that men prevailing North of the Rio Grande, may lie if they give some sign, like and partizan treatment of the Mex- a wink, even though the hearer did ican situation in the newspapers, it is not see the sign. He upholds stealing well to allow the representative of the from the rich. Roman Catholic Mexican people to make his own state- casuistry has a blighting effect on the ment concerning the ideals and aspira- people. Protestant Christians have launched a campaign against cheating tions of Mexico.

Why Frotestants Are Needed in the Fhilip- and all forms of dishonesty. pines. Frank C. Laubach, Ph.D. 5. Personal Liberty. To the people Methodist Publishing House, Manila. Rome denies the right of private in- 1927. terpretation of the Scriptures. The "The Philippine Islands contain Protestant Church encourages the several million liberal Roman Cath- study of the Bible and teaches the olics. Many belong to the Masonic personal guidance of the Holy Spirit orders. Others are members of the through the Scriptures.

Y. M. C. A." Dr. Laubach presents It seems to us that Dr. Laubach is to these liberal Roman Catholics some too ready to urge 6,000,000 "liberal" contrasting facts in regard to the in- Roman Catholics to become Protesfluence of unrestrained Roman Cathol- tants and, "if they have good morals" icism on education, personal free- to unite with the Protestant Church. dom and morality in comparison to He apparently places no emphasis on the influence where Evangelical Chris- . the need for regeneration. He says tianity prevails. that such moral Catholics and Protes- 1. In Education-Protestant coun- tants agree in essentials, which he tries show 98% as literate while in names as "universal education, high Roman Catholic countries only 60% moral standards, strict honesty, free- are literate. Evangelical Christians dom of conscience and perfect tolera- insist on the need of an enlightened tion." A man might be a good pagan conscience and education for all. and believe in these things. The per- 2. Tolerance. Pope Pius IX, in his sonal acceptance of Jesus Christ as Syllabus of Errors denies that ·Prot- the Divine Saviour in His atonement estants residing in Roman Catholic for sin, full commitment to Him as countries should be permitted to en- Lord, and obedience to His teachings joy the public exercise of their own as recorded in the New Testament, worship. The Y. M. C. A. in Roman are the prime requisites for which Catholic countries admits Roman Evangelical Christians stand.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1928

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OF Read This, and Save Money niE MISSIONARY OUR Missionary Bureau has been supplying Food, Clothing, House- ~RID hold Articles and Mission Equipment Volumes 1 to 10, 1878-1887 to Missionaries for more than half a century. also New Missionaries may equip with 1890-1894; 1896; our guaranteed merchandise at sub- 1899-1905; 1916 stantial savings. All personal effects forwarded in one shipment. also Special Discounts to Foreign Mission Reports of Missionary Confer- Stations, Schools and Hospitals. Field ences and Conventions Secretaries, Purchasing Agents and Mission Boards are invited to request ADDRESS our lowest wholesale prices. Safe de- livery of every order guaranteed. If REV. $., M. TENNEY, D.D. you haven't a catalogue write today for a FREE copy. Historical Foundation of·the ?r..hylerian and Reformed Church.. MONTGOMERY WARD & CO.

MONTREAT, N. C. Mi3s;onary Bureau Chicago, Dliaoia Please mention THE MISSIONARY REvmw OF THB WOBLD In writing to .lLdvertlsers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor APRIL TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE-PRODUCTS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN I"DIA Page FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J". J". LUCAS 261 A mi8Bionary oj nearly 60 years' e~perienGe describes the progre.ss of Ohristianity in India during the laat hall oentury.

AT THE HOLIEST HINDU FESTIVAL ••………………… HOWARD E. A"DERSON 269 The unholy parade 01 the holie8t lakir8 on the holie8t day 01 the "Feat/val 01 the Pot oj Necta;r7' at Hardwar, India, is vivdZll described as viewed: by a Ohristian.

A MISSIONARY'S MOTIVES TODAy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT A. HUME 275 An American missionary of over fifty years' service gives his view oj what are the compelling motives that draw volu.nteers to missiQnary BeT'pice.

UNCLAIMED AREAS FOR CHRIST-II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT E. SPEER 279 The Moderator oj the Presbyterian General .Assembly concludes his stirring a-ddres8 ah01D1ng QtW Uunevangelized desires" Ulnd the "areas in Christ still unclaimed'} by OhrlBtiano.

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS ………….. JAY S. STOWELL 284 An impre8Bive picture of the altuation that lace. the country chltro/> itt the clwny.a that ha.ve come in- recent years.

EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA ………… WEBSTU E. BROWNING 294 A contrast., 8howing evangelica' Ohristia.nity in South America jifty yea,rs ago and today.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES……………………………………………….. 301 CONFERRING AT JERUSALEM THIl CHURCH AND THE JEW METHODS FOR WORKERS: USING THE PUBLIC LIBRARy ..••………………………….. SALLIE E. COY 305 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY Ef,f,A D. MACLAURIN 311 THIRD CONFIlRENcm ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLOUNcm E. QUINLA.N 314 THill ANNUAL MEETING-AND AFTER WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK……………………………………………….. . 317 BOOKS WORTH READING………………………………………………. 333 TERMS: $2.60 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 26 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBmRT E. SPERa, Pre8ident WHo I. CHAHBBRLAIN, Vloe-PreBident DELAVAN L. PIERSON I Seoreta7"1l WALTJIIR MCDOUGALL. TreaBurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts.. Harrisburg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, Ui6 Fifth .Avenue, Ne~' York City Entered as second-class lDlltter at the Post OIDce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS REV. JAMES I. VANCE, D.D., of the Provide for Your Wife Presbyterian Church in the United States is the newly-elected President of Is she accustomed to business matters? the Foreign Mis*sion..s C..onference. If Dot, the care of property, ioyed- MRS. RICHARD HURST, a Methodist, has meDts of iDsuraDce aDd CODSe"atioD been elected by the Federation of Wom- of your estate may be a real burdeD. en's Boards of Foreign Missions to succeed the late Mrs. E. C. Cronk in the Crooked promoters take advantage of Department of Children's Work. inexperienced widows. Your life sav- ings may be lost and your family come III' lie fie to want. This is ioIpossible if you secure CHARLES K. EDMUNDS, for twenty years President of Lingnan University Life Annuity Agreements of the Mission (formerly Canton Christian College) and more recently Provost of Johns Hopkins Boards of the Methodist Episcopal University, has been elected President of Pomona College, California. Church.

JAMES HARDY*DIL*LA*RD, President of For Further inlormation writ.: Morria W. Ehnea, Treasurer. Board of Foraill" the Jeanes and the John F. Slater Funds, and Julius Rosenwald of Chicago have Mission. 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 been honored with the 1928 awards for Filth Avenue. New York, N. Y., or . .. .. improving race relations granted by the W. J. Elliott, T ",.surer. Board of Home Mwions aud Chwch ExtenRoB 01 th. Methodiot Episcopal Harmon Foundation. Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philaclelphia, Pa.

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR., has given HARTFORD $250,000 to the Northern Baptist Convention to be applied on its current year's budget for hOme and foreign missions, and in addition he has offered another $250,000 conditionally, to equal, dollar for dollar, any increase over last year in the unified budget receipts.

* * ..

REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D. D., author of "The Christ of the Indian Road," has been elected a delegate to the Methodist General Conference at Kansas City by . .. .. the North India Conference. YANG YUNG CHING, a third gen~ra­ tion Christian, who has held varIOUS SEMINARY FOUNDATION posts in the diplomatic service and was in 1926 Chinese Consul-General in Lon- Theological Seminary don, has been elected President of Soo- School of Religious Education Kennedy School of Missions chow University.* .. .. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Pre,ident MISS YI FANG Wu, a member of the first class graduated from Ginling Col- A UNIVltRS!lY of religion. Three schools of lege (1919) and who has been stUdying Christian training on one campus. The Theologi· iv. the United States since 1922, has been cal Seminary trains for the ministry; the School ~lected President of her Alma Mater, to of Missions for the {orelgn field; the School of Religious Education for the lay worker and teacher .. . .. Bucceed Mrs. Lawrence Thurston. and for soc.al service. Courses in any of t4e three schools are opeli to all students. Thus opportunity The following Committee was ap- is offered for a' full rounded professional training pointed at Atlantic City to represent the for religious ,leadd'ship. Foreign Missions Conference on the Editorial Council of the REVIEW: Rev. Wm. Hartford' S'eminary Foundation is located in the P. Schell, Secretary of the Presbyterian centel' of the 'iritellectuat~ and cultural life of New Foreign Missions Board (chairman); England, haH wily between Boston and ,New YO,Tk. Mrs. William E. Geil, President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of For- A series -Of hatldsomQ and well-appointed buddeign Missions; Dr.. William Bancroft ings makes its campUs,01le of the most b~aut!ful i!1 Hill, Committee of Reference and Coun- its section of. the country. The ~ase Memorial Lt· sel of the Foreign Missions Conference; brary contaihing 200,000 volumes and, J?3mphlets Rev. James H. Franklin, D.D., Secretary is for the use of the three schools. ThIS 15 one of of the American Baptist Foreign Mission the richest theologica1 libraries in the country. The Society; Rev. Henry Smith Leiper, Sec- faculty is composed of thirty scholarly ttlen and women who have attained distinction in their reretary of the American Board of Com- spective fields. missioners of the Foreign Missions. Year Book and further information sent on application to the Deans, 55 Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Conn.

Please mention THE MIsSIONARY REVIEW 01' TBlI WORLD In wrltlnr to advertise… THE SOli.W KAREN HIGH SCHOOl. OF 1.'HE AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION 11.'£ BASSEIN, BURMA PRODUCTS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA

LI, No.4 April,1928

FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA BY REV. J. J. LUCAS, D.D., Landour, Mussoorie, U. P., India For Fifty-seven Years a Missionary at the Presbyterian Church (U. S_ A.) in India T HERE is a great contrast in this they had no reason to exist as the extent and scope of Chris- mission schools. tian missionary work in India Well do I remember the debate fifty years ago and now. Then the on this subject oy missionaries missions in Bengal, Bombay, the from all parts of India at the Mis- United Provinces, Central Prov- sionary Conference held in Al- inces, Rajputana and Punjab had lahabad, December 1872, when Dr.

established no industrial and agri- S. H. Kellogg of the North India cultural institutions and colonies Presbyterian Mission contended as part of their activities. "that the primary object of Chris- There were a few mission presses tian missions was to save souls."

here and there, most of them hun- The Baptist missionaries from AI- dreds of miles apart. These were lahabad, Agra and Delhi agreed begun and carried on by mission- with him, saying that "secular aries primarily for the purpose of education is not the work of the printing the Scriptures and books missionary." They urged with and tracts in the vernacular. The great earnestness that none of the printers in those early days were Apostles or founders of the Church the boys and men who had been in its early centuries had founded gathered as children into orphan- schools and colleges for the con- ages during times of famine. version of non-Christians; that It was not then the policy to the Roman Empire was a difficult carry on schools for teaching field and yet it was won by preach- trades to Christian boys. Such ing; that the fewness of converts schools, so common now, were con- from schools and colleges, not in sidered outside the purpose for one mission but in every mission, which missionaries came to India. demonstrated that schools for Indeed, in those days, the only Hindus and Moslems, without fruit justification for any m iss ion in conversion, had not the sign of schools was to turn their students the approval of the Lord of the to Christ and lead them to an open Harvest.

confession of Him as their Lord An answer to these objections and Saviour. If schools failed in was voiced by William Miller, then 261

a young missionary, principal of that the defenders of schools and the Madras Christian College, to colleges are forced to rely largely the effect that in our mission plans even now on the arguments urged there should be a place for the in 1872. Principal Miller, in that plough and harrow, for diggers of long-ago address in the Allahabad canals as well as for great evan- Conference, did not fail to utter a gelists; that India is not the word of warning that whenever Roman Empire with its syna- the time to reap came, as it was gogues and its colonies of Jews, sure to come, it would be disastrous saturated with the teachings of the to attempt reaping with the plough Old Testament, men speaking and harrow. Missionaries in India Greek as well as Hebrew; that our today are echoing that word of schools and colleges are not be warning. After all these years the judged by their immediate effects; time of plowing and harrowing that it is a mistake to attempt to among the educated classes has reap when it is the time to plough passed or is rapidly passing, and and sow, that the plough is to be we need now to hear the Holy judged by its fitness to break up Spirit interpret and apply the mes- the ground and not by whether it sage spoken so long ago: "Say not can do the work of a mower or ye–there are yet four months and reaper; that the aim of Christian then cometh the harvest? Behold I missions is to bring India, the say unto you-Lift up your eyes whole nation, to Christ, so that and look on the fields, for they are Christian thought and influences white already to harvest."

will enter into the lives and Dr. Stanley Jones has gone again character of the people of India, and again from one end of India to as they do in Europe and America ; the other speaking to thousands that God works slowly and by and thousands of the educated means adapted to the end, and so as classes, many of them old students fellow workers with Him we must of mission schools and colleges, and adapt our means, whether plough he prophesies a mass movement of or reaper, to the ground we find this class, turning to Christ as in India. their Lord and Saviour. Some five Principal Miller won the day in or six years ago I heard Dr. Jones that Missionary Conference in Al- speaking under an awning to a lahabad. Since that memorable gathering of Hindus, Moslems and debate fifty-five years ago, the mis- Christians. He spoke of the death sions in India have more and more of Christ on the Cross as the founded and defended their schools supreme unveiling of the love of and colleges on the grounds stated God. It seemed to me that as he by Principal Miller and illustrated spoke he himself was suffering in the college of which he was though imperfectly, yet suffering principal for many years. The old~ because of his fellowship with the time controversy on this subject sufferings of Christ. At the close, is now heard rarely in missionary when the meeting was thrown conferences in India. While most open, a Hindu Vakil of the High missionaries make it their aim Court arose and said that he had to win their students to an open been a student for years in a mis- confession of the Lord Jesus, yet sion college and had often heard such confessi()ns ar.e So very few of the death of Christ but, speak-

FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA

ing out of a heart deeply moved, is it because the leaders in the he said: "It has come to me now Church in India have failed to as a new message." And yet, after speak the very message which Dr. all these years, that old student, Stanley Jones spoke that night beloved by his missionary teachers, with such travail of soul. One of has not taken up the Cross and fol- them, Dr. Kali Charan Chatterji, lowed Christ. He is still honored has put on record that it was this and known only as a Hindu. He very message which broke down his stands for a great multitude of the pride of heart as a Kulin Brahmin educated classes in India who are and constrained him to glory only outside the Church of Christ. And in the name of Christ. why? Not because they have not There was no lack of love in the heard the message of Christ dying heart and life of the Apostle Paul on the Cross for our sins. That and the evangelists of the early l~rom an old copy of 'l'he }i'oreign .M Mtfirntwry THE CITY OF LAHORE. FIFTY YEARS AGO message has been spoken in mis- Church for the Jew and Greek, sion schools and colleges all over whether learned or lowly, and yet India for fifty years and many the apostles and evangelists of that more, spoken not only by teachers day had to face with sorrow the but by evangelists of the spirit of fact, as we have to face it today in India, that very very few of the John Forman and of his father, learned and leaders of the people are turning to the Cross of Christ founder of the first mission school as the one place of refuge for the and college in the Punjab, an un- sin-stricken and sorrow-stricken wearied bazaar preacher as well as heart. Mr. Gandhi says that he teacher; preached by saints and tUrns for consolation to the scholars, Indian and foreign, wit- "Bhagavad Gita." In an address nessing by word and life to the to the Calcutta Missionary Conmessage of the Cross, not only in ference in July 1925 he said: schools and colleges but in hospitals and asylums for the blind and lepers, as well as in times of "Not many of you, perhaps, know that famine, plague and pestilence. Nor my association with Christians–not Christians so-called, but real Christians

-dates from 1889, when as a lad I Hindu Attitude Toward Christ found myself in London, and that association has grown riper as years have The attitude of Hinduism fifty years ago was quite different from rolled on. In South Africa, where r that of Mr. Gandhi and of this learned Hindu. Then on the streets found myself in the midst of inhospitable of many cities in North India the surroundings, I was able to make hun- Christian preacher was opposed, dreds of Christian friends. I came in some times with violence, by pantouch with the late Mr. Spencer Walton, dits and people. That day has Director of South Africa General Mis- largely gone by. The pandits and sion, and later with the great divine, learned Hindus today are search- Rev. Andrew Murray, and several others ing their Vedas, Upanishads, and . . . In an answer to promises made to Bhagavad Gita to find in them the one of these Christian friends of mine, teachings of the gospels. They are ready to give Christ a place-a r thought it my duty to see one of the biggest of Indian Christians, as I was told he was-the late Kali Charan Banerjee. . . . His simplicity, his humility, his courage, his truthfulness, all these things I have all along admired. . . . Well, I am not going to engage you in giving a description of the little dis- cussion that we had between us. It was large place-among their many very good, very noble. I came away, not deities and incarnations, like Rama, sorry, not dejected, not disappointed, but Krishna and Buddha. Often, in the Chauk of Allahabad in 1871 and I,felt sad that even Mr. Banerjee could 1872, I saw great crowds of Hindus not convince me. This was my final de- and Moslems filled with anger as liberate striving to realize Christianity they heard the name of Christ put above every name. Their wrath so as it was presented to me. Today my threatened mob violence that the position is that, though I admire much magistrate passed an order, not forbidding bazaar preaching, but imnysCehlfriswtiaitnhityo,rtIhoadmoxunCabhlreisttioaniidteyn. tifyr fixing places wide apart where the must tell you in all humility, that Hindu- Hindu, Moslem and Christian ism, as I know it, entirely satisfies my preacher would be allowed to preach, each restricted to the place soul, fills my whole being, and I find a assigned to him. solace in the Bhagavad Gita and Upani- That day when it was necessary shads that I miss even in the Sermon on to have police protection for the the Mount. Not that I do not prize the Christian preacher has largely passed, and one reason is the ideal presented therein, not that some of changed attitude toward the Gospel the precious teachings in the Sermon on of the leaders of Hindu and Moslem thought. There is not now the the Mount have not left a deep impression upon me, but I must confess to you that when doubts haunt me, when disappointments stare me in the face, and when I see not one ray of light on the horizon, I turn to the Bhagavad aGnditar, and find a verse to comfort me; immediately begin to smile in the midst of overwhelming sorrow. My life has been full of external tragedies, and if they have not left any visible and indelible effect On me, lowe it to the teaching of the Bhagavad Gita."

What is to be said to this? The open, angry assault on the Gospel, answer was spoken by a young because it is thought to be full of convert from Hinduism who told deadly terror. Today the leaders me that a very learned Hindu had of Moslem and Hindu thought once asked him this question: claim that there is nothing new in "Why did you become a Christian? it; that its teachings are found in Could you not find in our religious the Vedas, Bhagavad Gita and the books all the teachings of the Koran. They do not now contend Gospels?" The young convert re- that Christ is unworthy of praise plied: "I may find in them some of but that Rama, Krishna and Bud- the teaching of the Gospel but I dha are equally worthy, or more cannot find Christ in these books." so.

FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA

During a Parliament of Re- But this is partly because he is ligions, held some years ago in the really ignorant of the teaching of Mayo Hall, Allahabad, one day a the Koran concerning Jesus-that large painting was placed on the He was born of the virgin Mary; platform, picturing the founders of the great religions-Buddha, Con- that He is called the sinless fucius, Krishna, Mohammed and prophet, the only one so called in Christ. The Hindu painter had put the Koran; that He is called the a halo over the head of Krishna. Spirit of God; the Word of God; That picture with Christ not filling the first place showed Krishna as that He ascended to heaven withthe one who had led captive the out dying and is coming again in great power and glory. This teach- ing of the Koran concerning,J.esus, THE SCIENCE BUILDING OF THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE, MADRAS. INDIA heart of the pandits and Hindu the Moslem in North India fifty leaders. It is Krishna who, in the years ago ignored or had forgotten. Bhagavad Gita from beginning to Learned Moslem converts (and end, is pictured as the supreme there were a goodly number in deity. This is the book to which those early days) men like Maulvi Mr. Gandhi flees for consolation. Imaduddin and Maulvi Safdar Ali, as well as missionaries, by voice The attitude of Indian Moslems and pen, have opened the eyes of to Christ has also largely changed the educated Moslems to the teachin these fifty years and more. Then ing of the Koran itself concerning the maulvi would spit on the Christ; and thus those days of ground when the deity of Christ angry controversy in North India was preached, and even now the are passing away. uneducated maulvi of the village mosque thus shows his abhorrence Many years ago the Arya Samaj of what he thinks to be blasphemy. then a small Hindu sect, issued a

tract [sa Pariksha (Jesus Ex- sect within the Hindu religion, and amined) putting on its cover a are still the most aggressive op- caricature of Christ on the Cross ponents of Christ and his Church and within the cover a worse in India, yet today they would caricature of His life. The mission- not reprint that tract, certainly aries and Christian community not with the approval of their were tempted to appeal to the educated leaders.

magistrate to suppress this de- Inlluence of Christian Literature famatory caricature, and went to Many Christian tracts and books have been published and sent out all over India by missionary and tract societies. In recent years there has been not a little criticism of some of these tracts and books, be- cause they have shown a lack of sympathy and appreciation of the Hindu incarnations and of the good things in the religious books of the Hindus. While some of the old controversial tracts have been revised by Dr. Yohan Masih, Moderator of the United Church of India (North), yet most of them are reprinted today, with a few changes, just as they came from the hands of their writers, fifty, sixty, and seventy years ago. One of them, the "Dharm Tula,"

written seventy years ago, is still sold by the thousands, and is called by Rai Bahadur N. K. Mukerjee, Secretary of the North India INDIAN GIRLS o~' THE UNITED PRESBY· Christian Tract and Book Society, TERIAN MISSION BOARDING SCHOOL one of the best sellers. This tract AT SIALKo'r , PANJAB , RETURN- of about forty pages has won more ING FROM PRAYER MEETING Mr. Knox, (afterwards Sir George Hindus to Christ than perhaps any Knox of the High Court) for ad- book or tract in the Hindu vice. He said: "Let them alone, a language. prosecution will only give a free advertisement to the tract." What There came a time in the preachhappened? The Mohammedans of ing of the Apostle Paul when he the city Chauk took the law into turned from the wise men of their own hands, perhaps lathis Greece, "wise after the flesh," to also, and drove from the bazaar the those who were "weak and dehawkers of this tract, saying that spised"; nor did he tUrn in vain the Hindus had defamed their sin- for those churches in Europe less prophet, Hazrat Isa. Al- founded by him were made up of though the Arya Samajists have "not many wise men after the flesh, now grown to be a large and strong not many mighty, not many noble." Fifty years ago and more the

FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA

churches in North India were Christians in 1881 was, 887,694; made up largely of a few converts and in 1921 was 3,580,019, of from the higher castes, and of whom 1,697,344 were males; and children of the orphanages of the 1,882,675 were females.

great famines. The places of wor- The government census table ship and the houses of the Chris- tells a sadder tale, if that were postians were largely in the mission sible, concerning the illiteracy of compounds. At the annual meet- Hindus and Moslems. The number ings of missionaries in those early of illiterate Hindus in 1881 was, days they gave thanks for the 158,841,634; and in 1921, 202,288,- baptism of a few Brahmins here 837; and the number of illiterate and there. There are fewer Mohammedans in 1881 was 46,- baptisms of. Brahmins today, cer- 889,098; and in 1921, 65,508,172.

tainly fewer in proportion to the The number of illiterate females in number of missionaries and evan- India in 1881 was 111,332,927; gelists than in those days. In these and in 1921, 150,807,889.

later years baptisms by the hun- At a conference in Lahore thirty dreds and thousands have been al- years ago a missionary was relucmost entirely from among "the tant to speak on the subject given weak an.d despised." Not one in a him-the message from statistics hundred of those baptized is able -saying that statistics did not apto read at the time of baptism and peal to him. That night he rememnot one in a hundred earns more bered how his Lord looked upon than ten dollars a month, most of the multitude "because the y them not even five. fainted and were scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd," and The government census of India, his heart was smitten, that facing 1921, reported there were 4,464,395 the tens of millions in India having Christians in India.

Roman Catholics, 1,733,487. no shepherd, he had not been Syrian Christians, 791,298. touched deeply enough to get a Anglicans, 387,180. message for the Christians and Baptists, 438,565. students gathering the next morn- Presbyterians, 243,535. ing in the hall of a Christian col- Congregationalists, 122,252. lege. That night he got a message Methodists, 199,037. for himself, and the next day for Quakers, 1,016. the Christian students of the col- Salvation Army, 88,668. lege. South India United Church, 65,457. Protestant denominations and "sects not returned," 153,644.

In 1871 there were 488 Protes- The people of India, Hindu and tant foreign missionaries in all Mohammedan, are more divided India, while in 1921 there were and distracted, more like sheep (according to the Missionary without a shepherd today than they Directory of 1926) 4,029 foreign were fifty years ago. The unity missionaries. Under the head of which has been sought in recent "Indigenous Christian Workers" years by non-cooperation with the the Missionary Directory of 1926 t h i n g s which are considered gives 13,543 men and 5,346 women foreign has thus far failed; the as engaged in work that is pastoral doors of service of Christ among and evangelistic. all classes, high and low, are still According to the government wide open. To the Church of Christ census the number of illiterate is committed the Word of God

which can bring healing to the passion to win this people for mind and a newness of heart. Dr. Christ. Oh that today here in India H. C. Velte, forty-five years a mis- we might enter upon a new age of sionary, spoke recently to the mem- preaching. Let me say to the bers of a large mission which has young men and to the young women wrought in India more than ninety who have recently come out: Of years, founding his message on the all the gifts you covet, the gift of words of Paul the aged to a young love only excepted, covet most the missionary-"Be urgent: in sea- gift of prophecy – "the gift of son and out of season." preaching"-the gift, is it not, of interpreting, applying and con- There must be urgency in our veying whether by voice or pen or preaching. We must learn to plead life, in communion with the Holy with men. Preaching the Gospel Spirit, to the hearts of our fellow must become a great passion; we men, whether in Asia, Europe or must agonize in prayer with God America, the Word of God which if souls are to be won. . . . . . . We liveth and abideth forever. must become possessed of a great A MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR MISSIONARY ITINERATION IN INDIA

A PARADE OF "HOLY;' FAKIRS AT THE HOLY HINDU

AT THE HOLIEST HINDU FESTIVAL BY REV, HOWARD E, ANDERSON, Saharanpur, India Mis8ionary 0/ the American PreRbytcria.n Ohurch C ROUCHED in the dust with a swarmed over the pontoon bridges sea of humanity behind, be- improvised for the occasion, they side and before us, we streamed up the hillside behind, watched the parade of holiest everywhere people, people, and fakirs on the holiest day of the more people. Good-natured, gentle Kumbh Mela, the "Festival of the folk, they were, jostling each other Pot of Nectar." * It was hot; the and tumbling over one another.

leather blinders bordering bur sun There were wrinkled, decrepit old glasses were moist and binding, women, alert lads from the schools, One three-hundredth of all the peo- stalwart farmers, curious devotees pIe of densely-populated India were with painted foreheads-a kaleido- gathered together on the banks of scopic cross-section of that most Mother Ganges, where she emerges intangible and inexplicable system from the Himalayas at Hardwar. of society, Hinduism.

They came to bathe in her sacred It is !laid that in the early days, waters, and multitudes did bathe the demons fell to quarrelling with at all times of day and night. They the gods for possession of the nec- surged along the shore, they tar of immortality. The struggle • Kumbh MeZa, Hardwar, Illdia, March 15 became so intense that, in order to ~~c!Pf,!ll;el;~2;;'ar,!"hIB $athllrlllg occurs only preserve the precious liquid, the 269

gods hid it for twelve days in four the crowds showered copper coins widely separated spots, three days upon their heads; but the fakirs at each place, Hardwar, Prayag, did not so much as look up. Aim- Ujjain and Nasak. Thus it comes lessly they filed past, hundreds and to pass that every twelve years the hundreds of them, but with no Kumbh Mela is held in each of light, no zeal, no interest; the per- these sacred spots. But in Hard- fect embodiment of the ideal of re- war today there is little or no nunciation. They were completely memory of the sacred vessel with unclothed.

its efficacious oil; all eyes are on Early that morning there had the waters of the blessed river, been a rush to be the first to enter which is believed to be equally the sacred pool, and thirty-six were efficacious and is more adored. crushed to death in the jam. The The parade seemed endless. The corpses were taken a little ways rays of the tropical sun directly down stream and cast into· the grew hotter and more oppressive. river, but the ceremonial bathing I tried to shift my cramped posi- continued unabated. These three tion, only to encounter an angry dozen fortunate ones had attained thrust from a stick, for I was ob- by an opportune accident the goal structing the vision of some one of every true Hindu's heart. They behind, and that some one was had died on the very banks of the fiercely intent upon seeing. At Ganges.

regular intervals one of the fakirs We mingled with the crowd would raise the familiar chant, freely, occasionally making way "Victory to Mother Ganges," and for an ambling elephant with its others would catch the strain and tinkling bells and brilliant trap- carry it on, until we could hear it pings, and less frequently for a echo and re-echo through the squawking motor, so strangely out crowd like ever-widening ripples of place in these surroundings.

upon the surface of the water. It Near the water's edge the streets was no battle cry like the call of narrowed into lanes, which curved the warrior-minded Sikhs of the between forbidding stone walls, Punjab, no ringing challenge such and then poured forth their flow as the publicly repeated creed of of human beings onto the broad the Moslems; rather it sounded steps leading to the river. Only forth the plaintiveness of endless those who had put the shoes from multitudes of people through end- off their feet could descend those less centuries of time, singing in steps.

spiritless, traditional tones, the How intent they were, this mul- praises of the river they revere. titude of the sick, blind, halt and We looked for hope in the faces withered – how oblivous to their of these mendicants, and saw only surroundings, how bent upon one dullness, and for life we found only thing! Eyes had they, but they languor. They had renounced all, saw not; ears had they, but they had given up land, home, family, heard not, for them but one thing even clothing, and wandered over mattered, and that one thing at the face of the earth with no pos- last lay before them.

session, no desire, no ambition. Our thoughts went back to the People honored them, but they pool outside the Sheep Gate at cared naught for this adoration: Jerusalem, when we saw the emac-

AT THE HOLIEST HINDU FESTIVAL

iated form of a hopeless cripple some one say to his companion, borne upon the shoulders of his "There goes a man with the book son. The crowd made way in about Jesus Christ." gentleness and understanding. The invalid's back was bent double, his And how they did like to argue! head hung limp in front; no one Not with the fierceness of the folknew how long a time he had been lower of the Prophet Mohammed, "in that case." Perhaps he had but rather with shy subtlety, as been often to these waters. one who would entangle you in your talk. Time and time again The crowd understood, but there some one would raise a question as was Another who mingles amongst we paused to show our wares- INlJlAN PILGRIMS WAITING FOR A SACRED DIP IN "MOTHER GANGES"

the maimed who frequent the Matthew in green, Mark in red, Bethesdas of this world. He under- Luke in blue, and John in golden. stands far better, and upon his lips The questions were always suave are the words of e n t rea t y : and polite, with their sting hidden "Wouldst thou be made whole?" beneath a soft surface. Usually a followed by the words of enabling, champion of our cause would re- "Arise and walk." Ears have they, tort from the other side of the but they hear not, or heeded not crowd for the sake of an enjoyable conflict of wits. Perhaps he was that Voice. acting entirely in pretence, or it We carried gospels in our knap- may be that he had a timid twi- light faith like Nicodemus. One sacks and sold hundreds. All never knew. Of one thing we seemed to know what they were could be sure, he had had some before we spoke. More than once as we passed along we overheard

chance contact with the Lord of soon there was a lively discussion Life, either in the school of his under way, giving us the opporchildhood when his parents saw tunity to withdraw quietly before that the best education was to be the police came to disperse the had in the Christian school, or he gathering because of its congesthad heard the Word in the open or ing effect upon traffic. How wise was that premier pioneer mission- A BOY AT THE FES'l'IVAL ary when he said: "Of these things put them in remembrance, chargin a wayside chapel, had read a ing them in the sight of the Lord, pamphlet picked up in passing, or that they strive not about words, a Scripture portion received from to no profit, to the subverting of a colporteur upon the railway plat- them that hear." When there is form. Somehow in India's color- real work to be done and time is ful mixture he had caught a con- precious, it is well to "shun protact that provided him with infor- fane babblings"and "foolish and mation for the noisy guns of street ignorant questionings." debate. Others would join in, and Occasionally they would not let us go. One such took my arm and led me off to a side street, keen of eye, quick and nervous of gesture. His head was closely shaven and he wore a distinct castemark on his brow. He could speculate by the hour on any question you chose. When I remonstrated that it was lunch time, he pressed me to eat with him. I knew he did not mean it; he would rather have cut off his right hand than eat with a Christian, but I humored him and consented to exchange a question with him. Just one. His was first, and to my delight it was the same as that question of old, "How can Christ, being the son of David, be also the Son of God?" My an- swer did not satisfy him, as I an- ticipated it would not. Then I pro- pounded my question for him: "How, sir, do you gain salvation from your sin?"

He smiled upon me benignly, and proceeded to analyze my ques- tion for the benefit of the standing audience. "You wish to know how does mankind gain salvation," he said.

"No, indeed," I replied. "How do you gain it?"

"Oh," he said, "you mean, how light. Rather do they experience does one get salvation." a certain exhilaration in publicity. It was merely that he had been uNot at all," I answered. "~ut nursed and reared in a philosophy how do you personally attain that of abstraction, and knew not the goal ?" meaning of the concrete, least of all of the personally concrete. I But it was hopeless. He would have heard a child of eight or nine not accept the individual implica- repeat platitudes about the proclivtion of my question. His mind ities of mankind in the abstract. dwelt entirely on generalities. He could not comprehend particular A HINDU FAKIR OBTAINING "MERIT" BY SWINGING HEAD DOWN OVER A FIRE instances, except perchance as hy- I left him still trying to define pothetical illustrations bearing on my question, but crestfallen bea prinCiple to be presented or de- cause, though hopelessly blunt, I fended. Last of all could he (or had somehow pricked his bubble of would he) grasp the question as argumentation. As I waved him being a simple inquiry into the a good-natured goodbye and started realm of his own experience that off, he was jangling with a byshould be answered by a testimony stander as to the existence of sin, of actuality. Nor was it because and if it is universal. The light of a reluctance to lay bare his was beginning to return to his inner life in the marketplace; men dazed countenance as he again of his social sphere know no such launched out upon the familiar sea thing as privacy, and feel no back- of theoretical speCUlation. My wardness about being in the lime- question had not been answered; 2

had not even been faced, but was young man standing behind him. abandoned as the foolishness of a It was his big brother about to give foreigner who could not under- the little fellow still another cue. stand the mysterious working of the Oriental mind. Here was a vivid example of the very thing Christ meant. "I came I paused at a brass shop to look to cast fire upon the earth." Withat some of the vessels used for in the breasts of these ardent carrying the precious Ganges youths, poring over the pages of water home, where it is sprinkled at weddings, funerals and other God's word in order to wrest thereauspicious occasions. A snappy- from some verse. of accusation, eyed boy of twelve approached me within their breasts the fire of restand asked me to open to John 10: lessness has been kindled, and it simply will not be quenched.

NEW HOLY MEN OF INDIA-THIRTY CHRISTIAN PREACHERS IN CONFERENCE 8 and read it out loud. The chal- Another man followed us for miles and every time we offered a lenge in his high-pitched voice was gospel to the people he pleaded with undisguised. "All that came be- them not to buy. He could not fore me are thieves and robbers." leave us alone. There is the poten- What did I think of such summary tiality of a Paul wrapt up in some treatment of many of India's great of these enflamed lads. Still a and good sages? Before I could third, a strapping, square-shoulcompose my smile and answer he dered fellow in scout uniform, was at me again with another ref- thundered at a villager who had erence, Luke 12: 49. "I came to taken a complete New Testament, cast fire upon the earth." Is that magnanimously reimbursed him the mission of a Prince of Peace? the cost of the book, and then car- ried it away in triumph. Christ I began to marvel at his famil- came to cast fire upon the earth iarity with the New Testament, and not to administer an opiate. when I overheard a whisper and caught sight of a nudge from a

A MISSIONARY'S MOTIVES

BY REV. R. A. HUME, D.D., Auburndale, Massachusetts For Fifty Years a Missionary of the Ame.rican Board i!l' India A CENTURY ago the American who do not know and so do not ex- Church knew only the dark- perience life with Christ. est side of the religions of If a river is broad without being non-Christian peoples. In a broth- deep, its flow has little driving erly spirit they rightly began to power. A river that is narrow but send them Christian missionaries. deep, has a driving power that is Today scholars, searching the non- great. Similarly men may be broad Christian sacred literature, writ- in their religious ideas and symten five thousand years ago, ex- pathy; yet such breadth usually hume from them a few fine supplies little intensity of convic- spiritual words about which not tion, little self-sacrifice and not one Hindu in a thousand knows much activity for the good of anything. .Those rare words are others. The main thing which quoted in the West as specimens of men need is power gladly to serve modern Hinduism, and some among other men.

the astonished and admiring West We read in the opening words of exclaim, "What wonderful spirit- the Epistle to the Hebrews (Mof- ual truths these Hindus possess!" fatt's edition), "Many were the The inference is drawn that the forms and the fashions in which commands of the Lord Jesus Christ God spoke of old to the fathers by are not applicable today and the the prophets, but in these days He missionary spirit is weakened. The has spoken to us by a Son." These assumption is that, not a mission- words plainly imply that while it ary spirit, but a broader estimate was God who gave the fathers their is to be desired today toward non- earlier limited religious teachings, Christian religions. those needed to be supplemented What are and what should be by His revelation in and through missionary motives for Christians His unique Son, the Lord Jesus.

today? One motive should be a Christ Himself thus described the sympathetic desire and readiness relation between earlier spiritual to share with all men the best that revelations and His own· revela- we ourselves have-not only our tions: "Think not that I came to material, educational and economic destroy the law or the prophets; I advantages, but also our spiritual came not to destroy, but to fulfil"

advantages. The Lord Jesus made (i. e., to fill fuller). In other sharing spiritual knowledge and words, God's revelations are pro- privileges His great aim and said gressive. Earlier teachings are that this should be a chief char- preparatory to the fuller teaching acteristic of His disciples. The of Jesus Himself. He taught that Christian's greatest spiritual pos- this progressive character of His session is personal fellowship with teaching would go on. For He said the Lord Jesus Himself. Mani- to His disciples, "I have yet many festly that is impossible for people things to say unto you, but ye can- 275

not bear them now. Howbeit when Knowledge we ask not, knowledge Thou the Spirit of Truth is come, he hast lent, shall guide you into all the truth. . . . He shall glorify me: for he But, Lord, the willr–there lies our shall take of mine and shall de- bitter need, Give us to build above the deep intent, The deed, the deed."

clare it unto you." Christ's chief service to men In these words Christ plainly im- everywhere is Ilis gift of spiritual plied that His influence would be- power. Men's sad and universal come more plain and more power- experience of spiritual weakness, ful. He did not teach that He inability to be and to do what could ever be equaled or eclipsed. theoretically they desire to be and On the contrary, His last command to do, is echoed by some of India's to His disciples was, "Go and make religious leaders. One earnest disciples of all nations, . . . teach- Hindu scholar, after his return ing them to observe all things from a tour in Britain and Amer- whatsoever I have commanded ica, wrote: "India is suffering not you: and 10 I am with you always from lack of light, but from lack even unto the end of the world." of power." Yet some who pride At another time He said: "Heaven themselves on their mental breadth and earth shall pass away but my imagine that because multitudes in word shall not pass away." India have a vague desire for spir- Yet the chief characteristic of itual life, they have all they need.

the Christian faith, is not merely In India, as in America, what all that the teachings of the Lord men need is an experience of the Jesus are supreme, but that His supreme blessing which Christ can personal power is supreme. The give. They need the consciousness sad thing about men is not that of being brought and kept by they do not know enough but that, Christ in loyal devotion to God, unaided by Christ, they have not the Father of all. Yet without the power to do what they know both intellectual and spiritual they ought to do. This is the uni- knowledge of Christ how can one versal experience of men, even of in India gain such a consciousness!

those who really desire to do right. It is the frank conviction of de- I cannot be good as I want to be. vout Hindus that Hinduism has "Who will rescue me from the body declined by four descents from its of this death?" said the Apostle pristine estate and is now in a Paul. . . . "I thank God through fourth and debased condition Jesus Christ our Lord." called the kaliyug. The most This expresses the experience of earnest among those Hindus, who multitudes of men. A modern poet know something of Christ, frankly puts the common experience thus: say that they believe that Jesus is "We know the path our feet should pass, the most advanced spiritual leader Across our hearts are written Thy of mankind, not only in His teach- decrees. ings, but in His spiritual power to strengthen men to be and to do Yet now, 0 Lord, be merciful to bless with more than these. Grant us the will to fashion as we feel; what they know to be desirable and right. Grant us the strength to labor as we know; This is true everywhere. There- fore as the motive for an earnest Grant us the purpose, ribbed and edge Christian man in America should with steel To strike the blow. be to devote himself to effort for Christian disciple to please his the spiritual development of his Lord is immensely strengthened native land through Christ, so we by the assurance that such effort is should try to help men in all lands what will most gratify our Lord. to enjoy the help of the supreme The Lord did not reprove repentreligious Leader of: mankind. ant Peter by the sea of Galilee, but only asked, "Peter, honestly, hon- Unless Hindus come to know the estly do you love me?" The dis- Lord Jesus Christ how can they re- ciple answered, "Lord, thou knowceive His help! They cannot come est all things, thou knowest that I to know Him without brotherly aid truly love thee." The Lord replied from those who know and follow in effect: "The proof will be not in your words, but in your life. If Him. you truly love me, feed my sheep In religion, as in every other and my lambs."

sphere, the proverb is true, "the Christ's sheep are all over the good is the enemy of the best." No world; some are in His acknowl- edged flock, but many are not. business man or teacher acts on About these other sheep Jesus still the principle that the old way is says: "Them also I must bring; good enough for him and for the and there shall be one flock and one world. The best, the very best, is shepherd." Let not those who take rightly deemed essential for every the Christian name and those who one. Every advertiser tries to profess to be loyal to Him, disallow make everyone believe that a His wish and say, "Non-Christians newer garment, some newer ar- really do not need Christ. Their ticle, some new arrangement is for own religions are good enough for his good. The imperfect, though them." once the only available good, is the enemy of the best. Beyond ques- The strongest missionary motion the Lord Jesus Christ is the tive is developed, not solely by very best spiritual helper of the obedience to His last command, but soul. Therefore you and I should by devotion to Christ's own mistry to help every one to know and sionary motives. In deep love there is necessarily a reciprocal acaccept Him as Teacher, Saviour tion between souls. But the deepand Lord. est reciprocal action is most felt by the one who has the highest nature. Aside from this unquestioned In the reciprocal relation of mothprinciple that good men should and er and child, which one gets the do desire and try to share all their greater satisfaction? Of course it privileges, we have Christ's plainly is the mother. She suffers for her expressed wish that those who child. The child suffers nothing know what His wishes are should for its mother. Day and night, place before those who do not know awake or asleep, fresh or tired, Him a sympthetic teaching of His meeting other duties or watching desire. her child, it is love for her off- spring that controls that mother's He said, "Other sheep I have thoughts, feelings and entire life. which are not of this fold, them It is not so much the child's love also I must bring, and they shall for its parent as the mother's love hear my voice, and there shall be one flock and one Shepherd." And again He said: "Go and make disciples of all nations."

The desire and purpose .of the

for her child which is the most hath most to give." The Cross is blessed feature of the relation. the peculiar, the unique chara.cier- istic of the Christian faith, that Yet when the child is so devel- which develops the matchless oped that its chief motive is the power of spiritual gratitude. The unselfish effort to do something for heroes of the non-Christian faiths, "dear mother," what language can like Gautama, Buddha and Con- fucius, taught some noble truths, express that mother's bliss! but they did not suffer death for Like that is the relation between their followers. So they develop and receive little or no power of our Father God and our Lord gratitude from their disciples. Jesus Christ and all His human Every other motive for the mischildren. "Can a woman forget sionary spirit and for missionary her sucking child ? Yea, these may effort is immensely strengthened forget, yet will I not forget thee," by the deep, deep dynamic of lov~ say our Father and our Lord. ing gratitude to the Lord Jesus for When Christ said, "He that hath what He suffered for us. seen me hath seen the Father," He expressed the unspeakably When I survey the wondrous cross blessed truth that our Father God On which the Prince of glory died, is like our Lord Jesus Christ. My richest gain I count but loss, Therefore, since our Father and And pour contempt on all my pride. our Saviollr love every human being with an infinite love, whenever Were the Whole realm of nature mine, anyone tries to carry out his Fa- That were an offering far too small, ther's and his Lord's wish by helping some one to appreciate and to Love so amazing so divine, reciprocate that Father's and that Demands my soul, my life, my all. Saviour's love, he thereby adds to the joy of his Lord. No higher OVER HERE-OVER THERE privilege can come to any Christian than to hear in his heart his We have sent some men and women Father saying: "In thee I am well Over there. pleased." No higher motive can come to any Christian than an in- Sent them with our prayers and tears, tense desire to make his Lord glad With the promise that the years and there is no higher privilege Would not find you in arrears, for a Christian than to prove love to that Lord by feeding the Lord's Over here. sheep and lambs. Christian brother and sister, let us add to the joy Now we have some men and women Over here, of our Lord. It was necessary for the Lord Who are languidly depending On the other fellow sending Jesus to endure the Cross and its What those folks should now be spending unutterable shame.· Yet it is that Cross which has immeasurably Over there. glorified Him. It is still Ii Cross which exalts and attracts men to Are you numbered with these slackers Christ, who is the power of God. Over here? It is a psychological principle that "love's strength standeth in love's Will you let it be your fault sacrifice, and he who suffers most That our splendid work should halt While your money lines a vault Over here?

Every missionary toiling Over there, Is a substitute for you- Don't withhold his honest due, Get a little broader view, Over here.

-Mrs. Clara Alden Pettengill.

UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST*-II

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York City Moderator oJ the Presbyterian Church In the U. S. A.

The World's Unevangelized Desires But whatever one's judgment of T ET us remind ourselves, in the the answers of the non-Christian L fourth place, of those great religions may be, these answers are slowly dying out of the minds and longings and desires in the the hearts of men. It is best exheart of the world where Jesus pressed in a letter from Dean Wilmust be made known. In Frazer's liam Hung of the Yenching Uni- "The Golden Bough," there are versity in Northern China, where many indications of human longing he says: across the ages, so many of which have expressed themselves in forms "It seems to me that we have arrived similar to some that we hold most at the stage in the history of missions dear in our Christian faith. In when it is no longer worth while for all these expressions of longing missionary leaders to study the Chrisand desire in human hearts, we tian approaches to Buddhism, Confuciansee the groping after that which ism, etc. The scientific study of these only Christ can bring, the hunger non-Christian religions will have hisfor the Bread that came down out torical and academic interest but it has of heaven from God. As Trench ceased to have the same practical imwould have said, these are out- portance in missionary work it used to reachings toward "the Desire of have up to twenty or even ten years ago. all Nations," their unconscious desire. What are the non-Christian "We must realize that the frontier of religions but the attempt to put our missionary enterprise has changed into language these great longings and with it we must also change the old of the hearts of men? They are tactics. Too much praise cannot be questionings. The answers that given to the growth and study of comthe non-Christian religions have parative religions in the missionary given have turned those longings training centers of the West. Thus preback upon themselves or have pared, the missionary movement has trampled upon them or deadened been enabled to deal with the non-Christhe spiritual natures of the men of tian more effectively. Asia. As Dr. William Newton Clarke said, they have been an in- "It is partly due to the educational cumbrance on the highest nature activities of the Christian movement of man, so that thousands of men that the other religions are losing the in Asia today are better than their grip they had in non-Christian lands. religion. On the other hand where While Christianity is making inroads Christianity has gone men are in- into these religions from one side, these evitably inferior to their faith. religions are suffering a great deal more Mr. Gandhi is morally superior to in the rear, from a group of new ene- Krishna. But what man is su- mies who have advanced so far into their perior to Christ? territory, that for all practical purposes Christianity must ignore the incapaci- St~d~~~CI{J~~~~t~!r a2o~~~~ifgn.d~t;;;~~1~. at the tated older religions and think of its frontier work in forms of what it will have to do with these same new forces, scientific agnosticism, material deter- mination, political fascism, and moral iconoclasm."

Mr. Hung refers to the edu- cated group. The great mass is less affected, but even in the mass a change is coming, and perhaps too fast. Weare facing a world where our modern secularistic in- terpretation of nature is standing 279

over against the hungry heart of mission field. Whoever has spoken the whole non-Christian world, and in this way had no commission is saying to it, "I came not to fulfil, but to destroy." Our call is from any of these churches. We from One who is standing before know the hearts of these fellow that same hungry heart, and say- Christians, and they know our ing, "I am come that ye may have hearts, and they know as well as Life, Bread of Life, Water of Life. I am come not to destroy but to we that the task is too great both fulfil." for them and for us combined. So Churches in Non-Christian Lands far from feeling adequate to carry Again think of those great areas out that task themselves, never of need which call to us out of the was there a day when more auheart of our sister Christian churches in the non-Christian thentic and appealing calls were world on whom the burden of the coming to Christians of the West unreached world primarily rests. God has many agencies through to pass across the seas to the help which He works. He uses many of our fellow Christians and our movements and organizations of men and nations and all the forces fellowmen around the world. What of life. The State is one of His St. Paul saw at night, in his vision instruments as truly as the Church. Much of the work of building a of the man of Macedonia asking righteous and happy world is to be done by Christians in other ac- his aid, is nothing to what you and tivities than those of the Church. I can hear by d3¥light from every While the Church must inspire, it land today. is not meant to constitute the economic or political body of or- I have here, for example, an exganic action. But we must recog- pression of what the Congreganize that the fundamental task, which is moral and spiritual, the tional churches in Japan said to task of destroying moral and spiritual evil, of grappling with sin, is the American Board when several the task of the Church. The years ago it was proposed that the churches abroad covet and claim our larger and not our lesser help. American Board should reduce its Many times these last few years number of foreign missionaries in we have been told that we are not wanted any more in the mission- Japan. This was the authoritative ary enterprise in the non-Chris- reply of those churches themselves, tian lands, and that the Christian churches themselves desire no asking that foreign missionaries more cooperation from us. I venture to say, deliberately, that you stay: cannot cite one responsible or authoritative utterance of that kind "(a) Because of the great task ahead from. any of the Churches in the of us. The task of the evangelization of Japan is one far beyond our power of accomplishment at present, in view of the shortage of our forces. This shortage is emphasj,zed by the duty that devolves upon us of taking the Gospel to great numbers of Koreans, Formosans and Manchurians, who are without our borders.

"(b) For the sake of world progress that will come through the opening of the civilization of the Orient. The im- portance of this may not be disregarded in considering the establishment of the Kingdom of God in the world. There- fore, the urgent duty of the present lies in the direction of a thorough-going Christianization of Japanese culture, which is central to the culture of the Orient.

" (c) Because of the need of a medium for continuing friendly relations be- tween Japan and America. We believe

AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST

that the work of bringing about peace British Empire with regard to the on earth, no less than that of saving continued need and desire of the individuals, is one of the great tasks Indian Church for all the help and imposed upon Christianity, and that the cooperation they can give: missionary's opportunity in this direction at the present time is especially "Let there be no illusion. India is not great." crying out for baptism, but what has happened is a frank, manly recognition, A little over a year ago, at a by India, of Christ and willingness to know more about Him. It is the psyconference with the Church of chological condition for which many Christ in Japan, the largest Chris- heroic missionaries and Indian Chris- tians prayed and have laid down their tian body in Japan, this was the lives, in the daily humdrum of unnolast of the resolutions put in our ticed service. It is a clarion call to the flower of the British churches to come hands to bring back to the Church forth and to serve as He served. and the students of America: "The mass movements," he goes on, "In view of the great unoccupied areas which the Churches of the West estabin both city and country, especially the lished demand still in their care "the absolutely unevangelized condition of lives of some of the best young men and many millions in the smaller towns and women in the British colleges. It is a the teaming countryside in every part of nation-building task, needing not only Japan, we state our fervent desire for infinite grace and patience but also high the fullest reinforcements of the right and liberal wisdom such as will tax the spirit and qualifications for direct evan- best intellectual disciplirl"e of the British gelism that the American Church can universities." contribute. He proceeds to call for Western "And there is need, as well, for ex- educators and says that because tensive strengthening of our school staffs missionaries are devolving on the by the addition of trained, qualified Indian Church their responsibiliteachers. The foreign mission era in ties it does not follow that there- Japan is not yet drawing to a close and fore the missionaries will no longer any misconceptions in that regard should be needed. He says: be dissipated and the sympathy and the prayers and the active participation of American Christians encouraged to the fullest extent possible."

For South America there is no "Their life and their service are still more representative Christian man needed. Missionary responsibility can on the continent than Erasmo be discharged only through the human Braga of Brazil. Last January he personalities sent out to the field. I do said to the Foreign Missions Con- not know of any church in India which ference of North America: "We can entirely dispense with such a witare asking the foreign missionary ness . . . We need you. We are not societies to increase the number of ashamed to own that we need you. Permissionaries in Latin America, not haps before the day is done you will see for help for our churches only, but that you needed us too. for the religious needs of the whole Spanish and Portuguese world." "While we need you, we are not idle. We are thinking and working, too. We One other word, one of the most have nothing to offer but gratitude and persuasive, comes from our friend friendship, still, come .with your best Dr. K. T. Paul, a brave and inde- and your choicest. We have gigantic pendent spirit in India. There is tasks and desperately perplexing prob- lems in our great and hoary land. Come and help us with your lives. Come for the love of Jesus Christ."

Unoccupied Areas in Christ no man more possessed with a right Last of all, let us remind our- and true national spirit for his selves of great areas that are wait- people, nor any man more compe- ing for you and for me today in tent to go his own way in represent- Jesus Christ our Lord. The unoc- ing Christ in India. Here is his cupied fields are not all in Asia statement to the students of the and Africa and Latin America:

there are great unoccupied fields the thought of God and of the mind in Jesus Christ. A friend has of Christ.

said, in a penetrating analysis of There is need for a deeper and a the religious problem that we are richer experience of what Chris- facing in our colleges and univer- tianity is. It has become too per- sities today, that there are two en- functory and conventional with us, tirely different religions offering too respectable, with too many themselves to us under the name compromises in contacts with a of Christianity. .The one is the re- world forever alien and hostile to ligion of a good, dead man, and the Christ. Mr. Kagawa said in Japan other is the religion of a good, liv- a year ago: ing God. As for himself, he said "What we need is a Christianity he had lived and he intended to die which will go to the poor and touch the in what the first religion regarded leper. At present immorality is gaining as the superstition of the Deity of in Japan faster than Christianity is gaining. The Christian Church both in Christ. If our Christianity is Japan and America is spoiled by wealth simply the religion of a good, dead and comfort and lacks courage and sacri- fice. And you must lead. Japanese reman, we have all there is of it now ligion and morals and social and political and as the years go on it will prob- ideals are all dominated by America. ably shrivel 'and contract. It will We need a great wave of international love and good will and religion as at the become less and less of worth to us. outset of Christianity. But where are There are no new areas still await- the leaders? Many who ought to be the ing exploration and experience. leaders are renegades. See the multi- But, if our religion, our Chris- tude of them in both lands, men who tianity, is a faith in a living, Di- were in the Church and are now out of vine Saviour then by the very na- it or, if still in it, are afraid of reform ture of it there is room after room, and change, of warfare against drink range after range of knowledge and prostitution and all evil, of the struggle for righteousness and justice. The religious and moral forces are too respectable and tame, the Christian Church among them, and it ought to and experience opening out before take up its cross and follow Christ. us today and forever. For something must happen. The vice of prostitution will kill us. Economic There is need of richer and burdens are growing too heavy to be deeper and ampler conviction. borne. The farmer problem is greater than labor. They are one-half of the Some say that all that is necessary population and 60% of them are on the is "the spirit of Jesus" or "His way edge, with the cost of living exceeding of life." Those are mere verbal all that they can earn. Christianity phrases; they do not mean any- could save us if only Christianity could thing, unless there is a content to be saved."

them. What is that content and The Christianity of the New how great is it? Who is this Jesus Testament needs to be brought of whose Spirit we are speaking? back today into our lives, with the What is the content and what are old elemental simplicity of Him the sanctions of this Way of Life? who actually touched lepers with What is the power by which it can His hand and who lived with the be anything else than a dead meta- poor and told His disciples that phor and a hopeless mockery? The they must take up their cross and moment we ask ourselves the in- come after Him.

evitable questions we are driven There is a call to a new and a back on a great summons of belief, richer adventure in consecration.

of rational and reasoned belief, on Last week a tablet was unveiled in an endless quest into the riches of New York to the memory of Dr.

John Williams, who was killed in of a new world is not far away. Nanking last March by the lawless It is not the frontier of a new year elements in the Southern army. He died without arms or defense, of time alone, but the frontier of a with a smile on his face and the new life of love and fidelity and same love in his heart that had made him one of the dearest of all sacrifice, a life that shall set forth, of China's friends. On the tablet from this day, to fill up the sufferthere is his name and the date of his martyr's death, and beneath ings of Christ, that in the days of are the words: this new world of opportunity and "Servant of Christ and of China. It is need shall give itself, all there is of enough for the disciple that he be as his itself, all that Christ can put into Master." it, to the attempt now to complete Is that enough for us today? what Jesus Christ by His life and How unlike our Master we are, how unlike Him in His beauty and His death and His resurrection His tenderness, His purity and His obedience; how unlike Him in that began. great love that led Him to lay down His life on the cross for the world. Speak, Lord, for Thy servants are listening. Here in the hush and the The days of the possibility of quiet of this moment we wait for Thee. adventurous exploration in far Make us aware how near Thou art to us. regions are not gone. The frontier Help us to hear Thy voice speaking to us. Help us now. Give us grace and strength to take these lives of ours and lay them in Thy hands that Thou mayest make them pure, that Thou mayest make them strong, that Thou mayest use them to finish the work which Thou didst begin and to bring in at last the new heaven and the new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness.

THE OHURCH IN THE WORLD By BISHOP WILLIAM F. McDOWELL, of the Methodist Episcopal Church I SUPPOSE we always need to make special effort to keep our best pur- poses to the front and our noblest spirit in control. The Church of Jesus Christ constantly tends to enlarge the number of its interests and activities; to add new rooms to the house in which it lives. It constantly tends to iilcrease the number of altogether useful things to which it is devoted. All the more reason why it should give special care to the preservation of its supreme purpose and to make sure that it never allows its dominant note to become secondary or feeble. The Church of Jesus Christ is the primary organization for carrying forward in the world the saving purpose and passion of Jesus Christ for the world, and its largest duty is constantly to give Him a saved and saving Church. We may do a thousand useful things, but unless we are doing that, we are not at the true center of our lives. It is doubtful whether just now Jesus Christ has a saving Church in any full, large measure anywhere.

Moreover, the Church of Christ needs to be constantly making the modern world spiritual and moral. Mr. Gladstone was probably right in his apprehension that the seen world is gaining upon the unseen. We are in real danger of being overcome by the perfection and extent of our material development. The spiritualizing and moralizing of the modern world is our plain task. For the achievement of this we must "light fires in cold and unlit places" where men and women dwell. We are not set to save old phrases or new, old forms or new, but in a real, modern, large and living way to save a living world for the EternaJ Christ and His purpose. What we are doing is not good enough for Him. Our fathers did not do it well enough before us, and we are not doing it well enough now. We must come anew into creative fellowship with the living Christ that we may render to Him a kind of service that He deserves in this day of grace.

'.

CROSSROADS CHURCH AT

CROSSROADS BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Director oj Publicity, Board of Hom. MiB.ion. and Church E",tension, Methodl.t Episcopal Church I NA sense probably never be- tunately, in seeking a solution, we fore true, the 100,000 Prot- have, as a result of surveys begun estant rural churches of Amer- by the Interchurch World Move- ica are at the turning of the ways. ment, and later carried on by the They are being tested as never be- Institute of Religious and Social fore by rural conditions unique in Research, and of many other inde- our history. All of the difficulties pendent studies made in recent which affect rural life in general years, more comprehensive data are theirs, and they have a few upon the status of the rural church peculiar problems of their own than have before been available.

thrown in for good measure. Upon some matters we are no The American rural church is a longer obliged to guess, but even unique institution. It is a product this mass of data must be used of the frontier, and as such it has with caution, as most of it has played a most important part in been assembled under categories our national history_ If it is to handed down from the past, and continue to do so it must adapt it- one thing is becoming increasingly self to radically new conditions. clear, namely, that the old cate- For the first time in our national gories are inadequate. Unless we life we face frankly the question as can interpret the present situation to whether the open country in new terms made necessary by church is to continue to exist at all, new conditions in rural life, we'

and if so, under what conditions. shall still be baffled, regardless of The question at issue is not the amount of data we assemble.

whether religion will remain in or The open country church of the disappear from our rural areas. past was at times a rather crude Rural dwellers are still going to affair. Its buildings were often believe in some kind of a God, and cheap and unsightly, its equipment they are going to adopt some sort meager, and its leadership poorly of a religious interpretation of life. trained, but with all its limitations Rural people everywhere and in all it dominated the religious, social, ages have done that. The question and, to a large extent, the intellec- relates rather to the future of or- tual life of its time. Its theology ganized religion in rural America. and its interpretation of life were Is the church at the crossroads accepted even by the sinners of the doomed, like the little red school- community who transgressed its house, and, if so, have we anything moral precepts.

to put in its place to do, in terms The actual influence of the rural adequate to the needs of the pres- church today is an unknown quan- ent generation, the thing which it tity. We still lack sufficient facts did in the past? for measuring it. There are in- The answer to this riddle has dications, however, that it is wan- not yet been. lJl~dEl _clear.. FOt"- ing. We have sometimes talked.

284 about our godless cities, but all our rural church. Including in rural studies indicate that interest in the America all communities of less church as revealed by church sta- than 5,000 population, which is the tistics is declining faster in rural custom in dealing with rural areas than in cities. The actual church matters, there are 73,230 percentage of church members to town and country communities in population is considerably larger the United States with a total popin our cities than in rural regions, ulation of 55,999,970. Of this numand the more distinctly rural the ber 35,793,333 persons are listed church is the smaller is the pro- as living in the open country outportion of church membership to side of towns and villages. popUlation. This town and country area is Even this, however, is not an in- served by more than 100,000 Protfallible test of the influence of the estant churches, of which 65,000 A RURAL PASTOR WOR K IN G ~ro MAKE GOOD ROADS-AN E SSENTIAL IN RUHAL DISTRICTS church. An intensive study of one are located in hamlets or in the rural New England county showed open country, and the balance in that, while the ratio of church towns or villages. These 100,000 membership to population had re- churches have a total membership mained constant for about thirty- of about 9,000,000. In other words, five years, actual church attendance while there are 27,000 more town had fallen off fifty per cent in that and country churches than there time. In general, attendance is a are town and country communities, better gauge of genuine interest there are six persons in our rural in the church than is church mem- areas outside of the membership bership, but no adequate figures of Protestant churches for every are available in the matter of member. To complete the picture, church attendance as it relates to a still further deduction should be our rural populations. made, for of the 9,000,000 mem- bers, more than 2,300,000 are We do have some rather in- classed as nonresident or inactive. teresting general facts about the

RECREATION SUPERVISED BY A CHURCH IN A RURAL COMMUNITY A further analysis shows that able, for the study reveals that the ratio of membership to popu- there are more than 20,000 rural lation does not remain uniform churches which have no Sunday throughout the town and country school, and 10,000 town and coun- area. In towns (from 2,500 to 5,000 try communities in the United population) 24.3 per cent of the States entirely without Protestant population is included in church churches of any sort. There are membership. In villages (from 33,000 other communities that have 250 to 2,500 population) the ratio churches, but no resident pastors, is 22.8; but in hamlets and open and 16,000 more that h a v e country places (representing one churches and pastors, but no pas- third of our total national popula- tor giving full time to a church.

tion) the percentage of church In terms of people, we have more membership to population, (in than 39,000,000 persons living in spite of 65,000 open country town and country communities in churches), is but 13.1 per cent. no one of which is there a resident To put it the other way around, 87 pastor giving full time to a par- per cent of our population in the ticular church.

open country, or in small hamlets, The matter of fractional pas- or a total of 31,000,000 persons, is tors is one of the most difficult not connected by membership with problems with which the church any Protestant church, although a must deal. Taking the complete very large percentage of that total totals there are 60,000 rural pas- represents a normally Protestant tors to minister to 100,000 rural constituency. churches, and to 10,000 other com- We hardly need further proof munities in which there are no that the churches of the open coun- churches at all. Less than 40,000 try and rural hamlets are failing of these preachers, however, give to minister effectively to our rural their full time to the work of the dwellers; yet other proof is avail- church. The other 20,000 are

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS

farmers, laborers, or teachers, or matter of fact, conditions are not are engaged in some other occupa- uniform in different sections of the tion which takes most of their time country. In the South, for exam- and energy. ple, nearly three quarters of all Of the 60,000 rural pastors 15,- the people living in town and coun- 000 serve two churches each; 9,000 try areas are to be found in open have three churches each; and 9,- country communities. In fact, 70 000 more serve four or more per cent of all the open country churches. The pastor's time is communities of the United States thus divided, first by other occu- are in the South. The type of agri- pations, and second among several culture predominant there seems churches. Seven out of every ten to favor the development of that town and country churches share sort of rural life. Naturally, as their pastors with other churches, a result, the South is the home of and half of the remaining number the open country church, and also share them with other occupations. of what is commonly known as the Were we to press the matter fur- "circuit system."

ther we would discover that many That system makes it possible of these already much-divided pas- for a man to care for four or five, tors are further limited by the fact or even a larger number of that they have had little or no for- churches, visit~ng them once or mal training for their work. twice each month. Preaching is We have been speaking of na- thus emphasized, and the social tional totals and averages. As a and educational ministry of the THE "MANSE" OF THE PASTOR OF A RURAL NEGRO CHURCH

church is often neglected. As a less effectively than any other large matter of fact, only four churches group in our population. Some in a thousand in the rural South reasons for this deplorable fact have a full-time resident pastor. are more or less obvious. Curiously enough, also, the men who have other work besides the Of great importance is the fact ministry serve just as many that in the regrouping of rural churches as those who give their populations the church has been full time to the ministry. less systematic and less effective In the Middle West, as con- in adjusting itself to changed contrasted with the South, open coun- ditions than have some other rural try communities are reduced to a institutions. When the public mlmmum. This section is domi- school at the crossroads was disnated by village and town life, less continued a bus picked up the chilthan two per cent of the people dren and carried them to the residing in open country commu- consolidated school somewhat furnities. The village church is dom- ther away. When the open country inant in this section, which is also store died a natural death the best suppli~d with churches, only farmer got into his flivver and six per cent of its rural communities being without churches. drove to town for his groceries without complaint. But, when the In New England three fourths farmer's church went out of busiof the total population live in cities, ness, no welcoming hand of inviand one half of the remainder lives tation was extended from the town in towns of from 2,500 to 5,000 or village church, no provision was people. made to carry the farmer's children to the town Sunday-school, and no Judged by communities, the substitute was provided close at range states of the West are the hand. In a day when good roads most inadequately churched sec- and six-cylinder autos have entions of the country. In this group larged the possible reach of all our of states extending from Montana institutions the town and village to Arizona one half of all the com- churches have, except in isolated munities involved are entirely cases, failed to measure up to their without Protestant churches. A op{lortunities or to accept the chalrather large Roman Catholic and lenge of this new situation. Some Mormon population is one factor of the more prosperous farmers in this situation. The Pacific and Northwest regions are also poorly have found their way to the town churched. However, they have a and village churches, but in genlarger proportion of churches with eral the town church has not full-time pastors than other sec- reached out to serve the farming tions. populations effectively.

The Churoh and the Farmer Here we must pause to empha- size this new factor of distance an- While conditions thus vary from nihilation, since to disregard it section to section, and even from would be fatal. The country church community to community, yet, tak- came into existence at a time when ing the country as a whole, the the radius of a rural community church is reaching the farmers was measured by the length and strength of a man's legs. Later that radius was extended to fit the

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS

stride of a horse, which in turn grievously from an over-exagwas limited by the depth of sand gerated preacher hypnosis. It afor the roughness of the road-bed. fects all our thinking, and we tend Today two new factors must be to study our problem and seek a reckoned with, namely good roads' solution for it on the tacit assump- tion that it is really a job of seand the automobile. curing and adequately distributing Over extended rural areas the a preaching ministry. That, like other half truths, is a most dangeroutstanding problem of religious ous error. Possibly some lessons organization so far as it affects learned from our experience with the farmer is one of extending par- city churches should be considered ish borders and regrouping popu- here. lation units. This involves two important elements, the breaking The Country Church Program down of psychological barriers, so that the farmer will feel as free Several years ago we waked to the fact that on a program of to go to the town church as he preaching twice each Sunday and now feels free to attend the town a mid-week grayer meeting our motion picture theater, and the re- downtown city churches were dythinking and re-arrangement of lo- ing in many communities where cal church programs. The "larger the populations were steadily inparish" idea, already an accom- creasing. The situation was so plished fact in many individual desperate that we studied it with communities, must be more widely care, and arrived at several condisseminated and put into practi- clusions. Among others we decided cal operation. that the running of a city church was a task too large for anyone Once more, however, we must man, no matter how competent he might be, and that few men were move with caution, lest we be mis- trained to direct effectively thedifunderstood. The "larger parish" ferent aspects of a well-rounded church program. Having once esplan, with a town or village church tablished this idea we began to hire as the center of operation, is not church secretaries, parish visitors, a return to a sort of glorified cir- directors of religious education, cuit system. It does involve a push- boys' club workers, girls' club ing out of parish borders to include workers, social case workers, and often as many as four or five, or the like. As a result the retreat even six or seven rural communi- of our churches from down-town ties, but, to be effective, it must city areas was checked, and the also provide for a diversified staff effectiveness of their ministry to do the work, so that all the com- greatly enhanced. munities involved shall have per- Some such idea must be carried sonal contact with the different over into our religious program specialists on the staff. for rural fields, namely, the im- portance of a diversified ministry. This point of the necessity of a In the past we have often felt that diversified staff for rural work is the rural church was too poor to so important that to overlook it is to overlook the very key to the solution of our problem. Here we come amazingly close to the heart of the rural church matter, or the rock upon which it may founder. The rural church today is suffering 3

afford the diversified program and boys and girls into daily vacation leadership which the needs of the church schools each morning, and situation demanded, but the larger return with them at the close of parish plan increases the support- the session. ing clientele of the parish at the same time that it extends its re- The bus, however, is not the comsponsibility. It insures a united plete answer to the situation, even program for a larger area; it di- in those places where it can and verts some of the money now used should be used, for the extending to provide several preachers to- of the limits of the parish. There ward the support of religious edu- must be other contacts than those cation workers and other workers which can be made by a bus driver, with young people; and, not least and the pastor alone is rarely adein the scale of benefits, it brings quate to the task, although under the larger resources of the town the inspiration of a great new idea and village to the help of the re- many pastors have discovered that ligious program for the more they could crowd more work into sparsely settled farming areas what they already had considered roundabout. In general, the future a full schedule. The very enlargeof rural America, so far as organ- ment of the parish brings to the ized religious expression is con- fore the necessity of a more carecerned, would seem to be rather fully worked out program. Thus largely in the hands of the town the East Bridgewater church found and village churches. If they fail that it was necessary to enlarge its the farmer now the failure will be corps of religious education work- ers and expand its program in ora serious one. der to care for the people whom There are two main ways by the bus brought. There was no point in providing a bus unless which the town and village there was something worth while churches can measure up to their at the church when the boys and new responsibility. One is to bring girls arrived. the people into the centers, or to induce them to come, and the other The Need for Trained Workers is to carry a religious ministry into the countryside. Both of these The conviction is growing upon methods will have to be followed, religious workers everywhere that one of the chief tasks of the church for different situations demand dif- is to provide religioUS nurture for ferent treatment. Fortunately, the youth of the community. Likemany experiments are now being wise it is increasingly clear that made. this work must be directed by trained workers. In the past rural At East Bridgewater, Massachu- fields have been largely deprived setts, a church bus makes regular of such trained leadership because trips, bringing both children and of the expense involved. Under the new plan of grouping several adults into the church and Sunday communities and treating them as school. Many other church buses a unit in matters of program it are now in operation in the East, becomes feasible to provide trained and on westward to California. workers who can at least assist Not only are buses provided on communities in organizing their 10- Sunday, but also on special occasions, and, during the summer, these buses bring thousands of

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS

cal work for children and young of their time without salary, often people, and in training and giving at considerable personal inconvenicontinuous advice and help to the ence to themselves, to this work. local leaders who carry it on. Not These individuals were not picked only is this plan feasible, but it is up at random. Instead they were already being carried out in many carefully selected persons chosen communities in widely separated because of their fitness for the states where trained workers are task. In addition they were given giving continuous supervision to the benefit of extended special the religious education program in coaching for the work, and the profrom five or six up to fifteen or gram of the twelve schools was twenty different communities. carried out under the personal sup- IH<lNGLNG THE COMMUNITY INTO CON'rAC'l' WITH 'l'HE CHURCII-A SUNDAY SCHOOL AUTO-BUS In one small section of rural Il- ervision of the one who had origi- linois during a recent summer, as nally planned them.

a result of the efforts of one such Seventeen of these volunteer paid worker, twelve daily vacation workers were public school teach- church schools were conducted with ers with normal school training, a total enrollment of 574 pupils. and .seventeen others had college These schools were all carefully training, nine being high school planned in advance, and that they teachers with college degrees.

were helpful and popular with Four high school graduates were those who attended was demon- used, and fifteen pupils from junior strated not only by the personal and senior high school classes were testimony of students and parents, used as assistants.

but by an amazingly high percent- This program is accomplishing age of attendance as compared more than the brief recital just with enrollment. given might suggest. This work In these schools fifty-two volun- is not only bringing nearly 600 teer teachers and assistants gave rural boys and girls under expert

religious training and teaching for works in terms of preaching will a few weeks each summer, but it ever be able to do the sort of thing is by that very process setting a for rural boys and girls that a new standard for the religious trained worker in the field of re- training of youth which lifts the ligious nurture can do. Such a Sunday-school work and the week- worker m u s t be thoroughly day religious training work of the grounded in educational methods, entire year to a new level. Workers and be familiar with educational are trained as the work progresses, materials and skilled in curriculum and there is left behind a growing building, and in handling actual army of young men and women work with boys and girls.

who have caught a new vision of The Church and the Youth the meaning of the church in a rural community, and who have Because human nature is what some pretty clear idea of how to it is, the greatest opportunity of go about the task involved. In the Christian Church is with youth, other near-by communities vacation and there is the outstanding rural schools and other advance move- challenge of today. This amazing ments looking toward better re- need will never be satisfied by mul- ligious nurture for youth spring tiplying churches, nor by hiring up through the contagion which more preachers. It can only be the work generates. This area is met by extending the parish bound- located close to the University of aries of churches already in ex- Illinois, and throughout the year istence, by organizing the work in students are brought singly and in larger units, and by employing groups out into the rural commu- teachers of religion who will think nities to help with the religious of their task in terms of religious and social programs. nurture rather than of preaching.

One might cite this achievement These workers must be trained, as an illustration of what volunteer and they must be paid. Many of labor can accomplish, but that them will be women.

would be but half of the story, for One of the most hopeful experi- it is volunteer labor, plus a trained ments along this line is in Tomp- and capable leader who has a plan, kins County, New York, where the knows how it should be worked, churches of Ithaca, the county seat, and is capable of inspiring others have become interested in the rural with something of her own vision. areas of the county, and are sup- Could we multiply such programs plying five or six full-time workers of work over the country we would for the extension of the church's be able to secure the cooperation influence in rural areas. These of many who are waiting only for workers visit in the homes, organ- someone who will show them a ize and conduct Sunday-schools, di- worth-while task, and then make rect daily vacation church schools, them really see and believe in its and do club work with boys and girls. importance.

Preachers must have a large and The development of this plan is permanent place in any program unique. It was due largely to the of rural religion, but no one who initiative of Professor Ralph Fel- has been trained primarily as a ton of Cornell University. The preacher and who thinks and work was preceded by a survey of

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS

Tompkins County. That survey nent religious ministry for rural revealed the surprising fact that America?

seventy-seven per cent of the chil- Some Conclusions dren in the rural communities studied were not attending any Several things, then, seem to church or Sunday-school. In one stand out rather clearly.

entire school district but one child First, rural America as a whole was connected with any Sunday- is so badly served religiously as school. to cause us serious national con- The significance of this work in cern. Ithaca lies largely in the fact that it is a clear-cut case of the recogni- Second, the church at the crosstion on the part of town churches roads, except under unusual conof their responsibility for extend- ditions, cannot maintain itself as ing the ministry of the church to an effective, independent commuthe outlying rural areas which have nity agent, but must either cease so frequently been overlooked by to exist or be maintained as a part of a larger parish unit. the churches at the center. The experience at Ithaca has Third, the solution of the prob- lem will never be found by multialso taught anew lesson about in- plying the church buildings or terdenominational cooperation. All preachers, but in supplementing of the workers in Tompkins Coun- the work of the preachers with a ty are hired and paid by individual new type of worker specially denominational churches in Ithaca, trained in the religious nurture of yet they go out as part of a united youth. plan for the county, and with the backing of all the churches. De- Fourth, whichever way we look nominationalism is rarely men- for deliverance, the solution of our tioned and never stressed, and the present problems depends upon the work moves forward with enthusi- cooperation and help of the town asm and with the common purpose and village churches which must of building Christian character in devote cold cash either to assist the lives of the boys and girls of in the support of rural religious the county. The natural way in workers, or to the bringing in of which denominationalism has sunk people from the outlying sections into the background here serves to to the church.

raise the question as to whether If the town and village churches the facing of a large worth-while accept this responsibility, and task is not exactly the incentive if the work can be organized needed, and in the long run the in large units, so that a superior most powerful one toward inter- type of leadership may be made denominational comity and coop- available, we shall have little cause eration. Certainly rural America to worry, even though many of the will never be saved religiously by churches now at the crossroads denominational competition. Pos- disappear altogether. The word sibly the path toward unity can to ponder is if, for some of us best be paved by facing a great have it in our power to change task together, and what greater that if into an established fact so task does the Church face than to far as our own neighborhoods are provide an adequate and perma- concerned.

CONQUESTS IN LATIN

A CONTRAST-AFTER FIFTY YEARS'"

BY REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, Ph.D., Buenos Aires, Argentina liJducationaZ secretary of the Oommittee Oft. Oaoperat1on in Latin America T HERE are not a few indica- might be legal. Today, more than tions that the last half cen- half a dozen of these twenty na- tury of Evangelical Missions tions have demanded and secured in Latin America has witnessed constitutional separation of the notable conquests. Some of these Church and State, and even in may now be noted: those that have not gone so far, in 1. The battle for civil rights has practice, if not before the law, all been fought and won in practically faiths have equal rights.

everyone of the twenty republics, 2. The Roman Catholic Church and the inspiration and encourage- itself has benefited by this con- ment back of the movement have tact with evangelical Christianity.

very largely originated with evan- Although obscurantism and big- gelical leaders, though the fight otry still exist, especially in the itself has been waged by liberal smaller and more belated countries, statesmen. Fifty years ago, not the spirit of opposition has been one of these republics had written somewhat tempered. Better and liberty of worship into its consti- more frequent sermons are being tution, the cemeteries were open preached from Roman Catholic only to those who had died in the pulpits, evil practices have been faith of the Roman Catholic Apos- curbed by the authorities of that tolic Church, and the marriage rite Church itself, and much inherent could be performed only by a priest good has been revealed and de- of that communion. Even evan- veloped. Accretions of past cen- gelical workers, marrying on the turies, in some cases due to con- field, were obliged to have their tact and fusion with autochthonous union blessed by some friendly religions, have been brushed away, priest in order that their marriage and the Church stands out purer ~ Is difficult to present a comprehensive and better because of this cleansing f~U~f~llJ,~I:i::~v.:'iln~ g:~:J~c~i:o:~~r~~ process. Schools, hospitals and dispensaries have been opened and dwaittahinaretheunlaivmaiitlsabolfe,asibnrcieef naortihcilset.oryCoomf ptlheatet ewxotreknt hoafs teyrerittobryeenalswo rcitotmenp.licaTtehse thIemmsietnusae- strengthened by both Church and tion and the missionary meets problems Which do not emerge in other lands. Here be does State. Public and flag r aanntdidboIl0a0trdynot deal with ancient nations of the Orient, of hideously scarred ~f{ra~n~ ~~h~t'rl~il~g~ft~S a";;hfge.~~~m~~s na.;: stained images has diminished. ~~~ ;;'1:i;Ir~:ft'~~e~~J~o~i~ge~Ood,!~f~i~~SVIr<fi~ Versions of the Bible, or portions nationalities of the Occident, whose special of it, have been prepared in the ~~~fil~f·wrt~b~~~·b~~~':.~te f~F'fh:':,a~r~ri~lg:~~~ vernacular, with the authority of of, the hierarchy of a branch of the Christian the Church, and made available to Churcb itself, whose religion has become static at least a limited circle of readers. t':.~lnd'1~e~!:'~ ~tei'.tu:Ji s~ ,:;~~~t t~:I~~;'bli':: ~i ~~~ftr~:I~I~gi:o~t~O~:sJ~,:'t r,;;~gocJ!~~~~~f. The morality of the priesthood, until recently almost entirely com- Tpahsist mlifutsyt ybeearksepot f Inevmaningdeliacsal weeft'roervt ieInw tthhee posed of foreigners-in the ma- ~:ti~~~ f~f~~~i:a1 ~:!!n~r~to'r'e~~~I~P: 294 jority from the convents of Spain, presence and work of evangelical Portugal and Italy-has improved, Christians. and a greater number of' nativeborn young men of a higher social 3. The numerical increase of the class are now offering themselves various evangelical groups, while for holy orders. not all that many would desire, has nevertheless, been sufficient to A missionary in Guatemala, re- prove that Protestantism is not an ferring to this impact of Protestantism on Roman Catholicism has exotic plant, as many would have recently written as follows: us believe-a product of colder nordic climes transplanted to the "We have seen Roman churches that more tropical Latin atmosphere, had been without church seats and piano where it is doomed to wither and for generations adopt them because we die-but that, on the contrary, it did so. Forty years ago there was but A MODERN PROTESTANT MISSIONARY BUILDING IN LATIN AMEHICA The Crandon Institute, a college for women built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Montevideo, Uruguay one little monthly religious paper in has taken deep root and become Guatemala: now there are many, and thoroughly acclimatized during that means reading, thinking, opinions, this half century. reform, Protestantism. Before our hospital started there were no trained Fifty years ago there were but nurses and no one knew what they were the mere beginnings of evangelical for. Since then they have founded three work in a few of the leading counnurse schools, but all three have failed tries. Chile was first entered by because they eliminated the moral and an evangelical missionary in 1845, spiritual element. . . . The prospectus under the "American Foreign for an industrial college was scarcely in Christian Mission," and the Meththe hands of the then authorities till a odists began work in Chile and large governmental industrial school was Peru in 1877, under Bishop Taylor. projected and is now well under way, Permanent work in Spanish in though it, too, has the defect of the Argentina and Uruguay was esnurses' school." tablished by the Methodists about sixty years ago. The Presbyter- These changes have come about gradually and almost impercepti- bly but they are none the less real, and in large part are due to the

ians began work in Mexico in 1872, Sunday schools, working with a and were followed by the Method- force of more than 1,700 foreign ists in 1873 and the Baptists in missionaries. If we add to this 1881. Chile and Guatemala were estimate the evangelical population also entered by the Presbyterians of the countries of the Caribbean in 1873, and two missionaries of Central America and Mexico, it is this same communion left Colom- probable that the number of combia, which had been entered in municants would be dOUbled. The 1856, and began work in Venezuela membership of these churches inin 1897. Ecuador was not entered cludes representatives of all classes until 1900, and then by Methodist of society-bare-footed workmen missionaries who went from Chile on the great estates of the inteto open schools in the capital of rior; humble, illiterate artisans of that republic. In Brazil, which the cities; the merchant and his was entered by the first Presbyte- fellows of the rapidly emerging rian missionary in 1859, there were middle class, and prominent probut a few foreign workers half a fessional and political leaders. century ago, just setting about the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which has organization of small and scattered come to be one of the principal groups that. have since developed evangelical centers of the Latin into a nation-wide movement that world – exceeded, possibly, by now numbers about a million mem- Paris, alone, in the extent of its bers, adherents and friends. Christian work-has more than 100 preaching points, one of its While no definite statistic of the churches reports a thousand memnumber of professed evangelical bers, and there is a Pastors' Asso- Christians of fifty years ago has ciation of sixty members. Chile, ever been made, it would be safe which fifty years ago could not to say that there was not over one thousand in all Latin America- have had more than a dozen mis- excepting of course, those of for- sionaries in the entire republic, eign blood who may have been residing in these countries at that now reports some sixty in the capitime. Even modern exact statistics are difficult to secure. The tal alone. The contrast has been movement is so many-sided, oper- well summed up by a missionary ates under so many different conditions, in the various countries, in Guatemala, who wrote as foland over such a vast territory, that lows, in 1922: the results are often unseen and pervasive, rather than concrete "In 1882, as a measure of safety and visible. Nevertheless, certain against fanaticism, the president had an studies have been made, and from armed guard walk on either side of the them we may deduce the present one missionary, and that in the streets approximate number of evangeli- of the national capital. Today, it is difcals. ficult to provoke even a remote villager to throw a brick at one for religious rea- According to the report made to sons. In those early days, a tract was the Montevideo Congress in 1925, likely to be crumpled up and thrown there was then in South America, back at the distributor. Now, in streets a total communicant membership or train, hands are stretched out and all of 125,000. with over 100,000 in the Protestant literature is eagerly received. Liberals welcomed us then, but frankly told us that they were not fools enough to believe our religion. Now, many of these men are being baptized and most of them are sending their daughters to our Girls' School to get our religion. Then, it was almost impossible to secure a congrega- tion. Today, there are more than five

NOTABLE CONQUESTS IN LATIN AMERICA

hundred and as many more potential accept Protestant religious instrucones, and one may travel on foot across tion; but other objectives have the inhabited part of the land and stop, emerged as the years have gone morning, noon and night, with a Protes- by. Some introduced new educatant congregation. Then, we were every- tional ideals and methods, which where considered as destructive elements, have served as models for an entire –anti-Roman, if not anti-theistical. country. The results have pro- They have now awakened to the fact that duced what might be called a mass Protestantism is splendidly constructive tolerance for Protestantism. Othon the side of all that is best. We were ers have specialized in providing outcasts, and only outcasts who had noth- education for the children and ing to lose would come to us. Now the young people of the evangelical intellectuals are being baptized, the best community, where such children people have us conduct their funerals suffered persecution because of the and weddings, and in advertisements, at religious convictions of their partimes, the very significant note appears, ents, and still others have excelled in the giving of commercial in- 'Protestants preferred.''' * struction and have thus had un- usual influence in business circles. 4. The educational work of evangelical missions in Latin America These schools have struggled to is almost in its entirety an out- give a Christian education worthy growth of the past fifty years. of the ideals of their founders, and, Very few of the schools now in amid untold difficulties which can existence were founded before the never be sufficiently appreciated by beginning of the last quarter of the their supporters in the homeland, nineteenth century. Protestant hundreds of consecrated Christian effort at first was purely along teachers have written their lives evangelistic lines, and schools indelibly into the hearts and charcame later. acters of thousands of attractive, lovable young people. The final Mackenzie College, in Brazil, end of their teaching has been eduwhich now enrolls about fifteen cation rather than instruction; the hundred students, grew out of a training of the heart rather than primary school founded in 1871, the mere imparting of knowledge, and the college itself was not and because of their influence planned until twenty years later. there has come to many communi- The "Instituto Ingles" in Chile, ties, a broader and deeper underwith primary and secondary standing and appreciation of the courses, was founded in 1876, and its sister institution in the same content of true religion. city, "Santiago College," in 1879, 5. The evangelical churches of while the "American College" in Buenos Aires was founded as late Latin America have been slow to as 1913, and the Lutheran College recognize and stress the social imof the same city even more re- plications of Christianity. How- ever, the content of the message cently. has greatly broadened in more re- So far as history records there cent years, and there is now an· increasing tendency to emphasize was no school exclusively for girls, the social part of the general proin all Latin America, before the gram. Fifty years ago no form of beginning of the last quarter of the medical missions had been estabpast century.

The founders of the first schools no doubt had in mind the giving of literary training to all who would • Edward M. Haymaker, In The Pre8byterian Magazine, May, 1922.

lished. Now there are forty-eight ing oligarchies have seen their medical missionary centers in power broken, and, in some counforty-four cities, in eleven of the twenty countries in Latin America. tries, men of the middle class have These centers work through eight- won their way even to the presieen hospitals, thirty dispensaries dency. Students too, have organand clinics, and four visiting-nurse ized within the past few years, in centers, operated by twenty-three some cases have combined forces doctors and thirty-six nurses. The with the proletariat, and are makevangelical hospital in Rio de ing their united strength felt in Janeiro, organized, controlled, and matters of Church and State, as in financed by Brazilians, is one of the all social movements. best equipped and most preferred Practically all that has been done toward the suppression of the WHERE MACKENZIE COLLEGE, OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BEGAN institutions of its kind in that drink evil, has been due to the great city. initiative of representatives of evangelical Christianity, and a What is known as the feminist movement is a development of the number of strong enthusiastic orlast twenty-five years. Equal ganizations, in strategic centers, rights are now demanded for both now carry forward this work. sexes, and the Red Cross and similarorganizations have greatly Interest has more recently been benefited from the awakened activ- aroused on behalf of the many ities of the women. Organized thousand lepers who wander un- 'labor, with its demands for the checked through city streets or formerly suppressed working-man, along country trails, and the Rockwas unknown thirty years ago, but efeller Institute-while not an its successes have brought immense evangelical institution, yet cerhelp to all those who toil, the rul- tainly one that does Christian work-has virtually stamped out

yellow-fever, and its present ef- -are training others, and the forforts give promise of finally over- eign worker is confidently looking coming hook-worm and similar forward to the time when he may diseases peculiar to the tropics. be able to turn over to national forces entire responsibility for the 6. In the circulation of clean, work. helpful, as well as directly Chris- 8. Help for the submerged Intian literature, it may be said that all that has been accomplished dian masses did not enter into the during the past half century is plans of evangelical forces fifty years ago. Even that which is bevery largely due to the efforts of ing done today is tragically inadeevangelical mIssIOnaries. More quate to the needs of these millions than one hundred religious periodi- of fellow Americans-as pagan as cals are now published under evangelical auspices, some of them were their forefathers when Co- MACKENZIE COLLEGE, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL, AS IT IS TODAY union enterprises, and a number of lumbus first looked on the shores of union evangelical book-stores, lo- America. Yet, considerable inter- cated in strategic centers, give est has now been aroused in the themselves to the production and problem, a number of missions dissemination of books and other. have been organized-in one coun- literature that build up rather than try there are now fourteen where destroy character. three years ago there was but one 7. Fifty years ago trained na- -and it is hoped that steps may tional workers were almost to- soon be taken to organize and co- tally lacking. Today, there are ordinate these various bodies, and more than 2,000 in South America carry forward a continent-wide alone, and Institutes, Bib I e work which shall bring to the hun- schools, training schools for dea- dreds of widely-scattered tribes the conesses and nurses, and theologi- benefits of Christianity.

cal seminaries-if not in each 9. The outstanding characteris- country, at least in each great area tic of evangelical work in Latin

America, as developed in recent ing it possible to establish in a years, is the fact of wholehearted certain region or country one cooperation between the different strong school, which honors evan- missions and boards. Cooperation gelical Christianity, rather than.a in Christian work has come to be number of weak, raquitic organiza- the rule in most mission fields, but tions which would do it no credit.

it may be said that Latin America Denominational names on church leads all others in this respect. A buildings tend to disappear, giving half century ago such cooperation way to the general name of was altogether unknown. Then it "Evangelical Church," with the was rather a marathon race be- distinctive name below and in tween representatives of the differ- parenthesis. In the Dominican ent boards in an effort to preempt Republic, four Boards have united what were considered choice loca- in a work which embraces all the tions for their future work. To- usual forms of missionary activi- day, many of these same locations ties, and the workers for this mis- have been voluntarily abandoned sion are chosen because of fitness in the wider interests of coopera- rather than denominational con- tion. Primary responsibility for nection. All this cooperative work evangelization and other forms of in Latin America heads up in a Christian work has been accepted central committee with headquar- by individual boards in a number ters in New York City, which in of regions and countries-as in turn has close and vital connection Mexico–although this has some- with strong, self-determining local times meant a new allocation of committes in the various important forces and the turning over to areas.

other communions the churches The leaders of evangelical work and schools which had cost years have no doubt made many mistakes of labor and many lives. during the past half century. They In all the principal regions, have sometimes followed false students for the ministry are now trails and occasionally found them- being educated in union semi- selves in a cul-de-sac. But, ott the naries, and narrow sectarianism whole, the movement has been in the future ministry is thus made steadily forward and evangelical impossible. Some of the outstand- missions today stand out as the ing educational institutions, both one great gift to Latin America primary and secondary, are carried from Great Britain and the United on under union auspices, thus mak- States.

A BIBLE JUBILEE IN BRAZIL T AST year the Jubilee of the secutive daily reading of portions L American Bib 1e Society of the Scripture, united daily Agency in Brazil was cele- prayer, and efforts to place in the brated. The three months, from hands of the largest number of September 7th, Brazil's National persons possible copies of the Independence Day, to December Scriptures. The publicity given to 4th, Universal Bible Sunday, of- this plan awakened widespread infered the opportunity and favored terest. A total of 285,000 copies of the suggestion that the Jubilee the Scriptures selected were used, celebration take the form of a con- chiefly in Portuguese.

Of THE

Conferring at .1 erusalem were given as to the achievements W ORLD missionary confer- of modern missions and as a result ences have been milestones the home churches were aroused to to mark missionary prog- a sense of their responsibility and ress. Some have been more; they the great victories of the mission- have been great dynamos giving ary enterprise.

new impetus to missionary ideals A still more important internaand methods; they have rejuve- tional and interdenominational nated, if not revolutionized, mis- conference was that held in New sionary work. York in April, 1900. This was at- The first interdenominational tended by representatives of more conference was held in New York than 200 societies and by delegates (May, 1854) and the second in from all parts of the world. It was London (in October of the same a demonstration of the essentially year) to consider the united task missionary character of Christian- and the common problems. These ity and the unity of the undertak- small gatherings initiated the ing. This conference convinced movement for closer fellowship in the world that the missionary the task. enterprise is not to be ignored but Next came the larger Liverpool is worthy of more adequate sup- Conference in March, 1860. Here port. The importance of women's the whole world field was studied, work was also more fully recog- with reports as to the needs and nized. the methods that had proved most Ten years later, in June, 1910, successful. The resuIt was a the World Missionary Conference clearer conception of the magni- in Edinburgh brought together the tude of the whole enterprise. largest number of mIssIOnary Third came the Mildmay Park, specialists ever gathered in one London, Conference in October, place. Here the science of missions 1878, with larger representation was emphasized and native Chrisfrom Britain, America and Europe. tians from the churches on the field This conference studied the fields were given a larger place on the more particularly and reported the program. The result was a great progress made in their evangeliza- impetus to cooperative work and tion. The result was a deepening to the development of the Church of interest, a keener appreciation on the field.

of the need for wise statemanship The war interfered with plans and generalship in order that there for the next general conference but might be a united advance. an American Convention was held In June, 1888, the first truly rep- in Washington in January, 1925. resentative and adequate confer- This was less important as a mile- ence was held in London. Reports stone and for the power it gener- 301

ated, but served to give impetus to lated to the older churches that estab- lished them? What is the relation of the study of world-wide missions finances to administration? Shall forand regained some of the ground eign missionaries retire from control of lost through the war and by the work established and supported by mis- sion funds? mistakes of the Interchurch WorId (4) What is the relation of race to Movement. It was a convention fellowship and control? Should race make any difference in the position that rather than a conference. ~ man or woman ~hould ~old in industry, The present year is marked by In government, In socIety or in the another important world mission- church? (5) How can international and interary gathering. Its personnel is church cooperation be developed so as more limited in numbers but the best to fulfil the task of world evan- delegates are carefully chosen and gelization and to build up a truly Chrisinclude a larger number of Chris- tian Church? tian leaders from churches in non- On each of these general topics Christian lands. This conference specialists have prepared papers is now meeting on the Mount of which have been printed in pamph- Olives, Jerusalem, March 24th to let form and distributed to the April 8th. Two thirds of the dele- delegates. gates from the mission fields are The growth of the non-Christian members of native churches. Here nations in self-consciousness, and the enterprise is viewed less as a the development of the churches in missionary undertaking and more these lands in a sense of personal as indigenous – a task for the responsibility and self-government, Church that has been established make this meeting in Jerusalem of great significance. Christians in in each country. The Christian Church was all lands may well unite in earnest founded over nineteen hundred prayer for God's guidance in these years ago. Today native churches deliberations and conclusions and are found in all parts of th.e world. for His blessing on the delegates The question is now not so much as they return home to face old "How will European and Amer- problems and new difficulties with ican Christians evangelize these greater faith and courage and in a non-Christian lands" as "How will more adequate way. European and American churches Dr. Robert E. Speer is to write cooperate with national churches for the REVIEW the story of this in other fields to help them grow Conference and Milton T. Stauffer, strong and to strengthen and en- and a number of Christians from large the Church of Christ in their the various mission fields, will give their views of the problems disown lands." With this purpose in view the cussed and their relation to the conference will carefully consider great task of winning people of all nations to allegiance to Jesus the following questions: (1) What is the essential character of Christ. t~e Chr.istian message and the Christian hfe as It should be found in Africa and The Church and)he·Jews Asia as well as in America and Europe? (2) What are the true aims and most I s THE Church neglecting its responsibility for giving the effective methods in Christian education Gospel to the Jews? At the that will develop an intelligent church membership and trained leaders in each country? meeting of the Home Missions (3) How byarme istshieonyaoryunwgoerrk,cthoubrcehrees~ Council at Cleveland in January, a established

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

resolution was presented request- the apostolic program was to give ing the Administrative Committee the Gospel "to the Jew first." to cooperate with the International Missionary Council in calling a From this position the Church conference of representatives of through nineteen centuries has the Christian Churches of the never wavered. Her mission to United States and Canada to con- Israel, it is true, has often halted, sider their responsibility for the or its execution has been halfreligious welfare of the Jews. The hearted, or what is vastly worse, only opponent to this resolution is has been prosecuted by barbarous reported to have said: and unchristian means. But through all there has been a con- "When it comes to going to the viction that Christ and His Gospel Jewish people and trying to get are for the Jews, and that without Him their destiny cannot be comthem to give up their faith, the plete. background of our own religion, I would have no faith in such a pro- Have we come to the time when gram. Their modern church is in- the Jew no longer needs Christ fluenced by ours; they sing the and what He offers to all other same old religious songs and wor- races? Has the Gospel which was ship the same God. I would say to proclaimed to the Jews in apostolic a young Jew who has left his syna- days no significance for the Jews gogue: 'Go back to your rabbi and of today? Has salvation at last your synagogue, and the God you come out of Zion? and I hold in common.' " No one acquainted with modern This declaration is heralded by Jewish conditions, or with current the Jewish press with unqualified Jewish literature is under any approval. The Jewish Tribune, in illusions as to the real situation. commenting on the utterance, re- The late Rabbi Blau, a few years gards it is an example of "real" ago, in deploring the tragic degood will, and says: "The first parture of his people from the step to good will is the realization ancient faith, said: of and emphasis on those vital "What greater tragedy than the points upon which Christianity life of a people that has lost its God! And there is no new Sinai and Judaism agree, and not upon from whose thundering top the inconsequential dogmatic differ- God of our fathers may speak to His backsliding children." ences." Has the Christian Church a min- And Dr. S. M. Melamed, the brilliant editor of the Reflex, says istry to the Jews or are they to be in the January issue: excluded from her universal mission? If the New Testament is ac- "At least half of the Jews today cepted as an authority, the answer no longer observe the rabbinic is unequivocal. Christ Himself de- law . . . One must be blind not voted His entire ministry to His to see that Judaism is being deown race. His "marching orders" rabbinized daily. Of the four milspecifically enjoined His disciples lions of Jews in America, not more to "begin at Jerusalem." Many than ten per cent observe rabbinic thousands of Jews became fol- law, and their number is diminishlowers of Christ before the mes- ing daily . .. It is obvious that sengers were scattered to other lands by persecution. Even there

throughout the world the days of supremely as to what we regard as rabbinic Judaism are numbered." essential to the Jew as to the Chris- Would any representative of a Christian missionary organization tian. J. & ~ have the wandering Jews of the world turn back to this? They Missionary Promises themselves know better. Judaism has been tried and found wanting. T HE missionary meditates No message from the synagogue more than others over the missionary promises. These today can satisfy the Jews' hungry are the most astonishing and inheart. When earnest Jews every- spiring utterances in the whole where are searching eagerly for world. Use has blunted the edge spiritual satisfaction, shall the of our wonder, and only by an Church founded by the Jews' Mes- effort can we dismiss dull associasiah pass by Messiah's people? tions and grasp the unfailing op- timism of the Bible. It is not a question of trying to get Jews to give up their faith. The greatest literary miracle in Most of them have none. Neither the world is the unity of the Bible, is it a question of making Baptists and its hope for the conversion of or Methodists, or Presbyterians of all nations. Its writers belonged Jews. That does not greatly con- to one of the smallest and most excern those who know the Jewish clusive races in the world; its books were written at different situation in America today. The times, by very different men, and supreme problem is to bring Jews amid various tendencies, and yet face to face with Jesus Christ. He they all introduce us to a King who alone can vitalize their faith. He is to establish a world-wide and alone can enable them to fulfil their age-long Kingdom. The hope of mission. He alone can recover for the conversion of the whole world them their lost glory. lives in the heart of the whole Bible. The strongest utterances If we are to hold with the Jewish came from the prophets when their editor that all this is "inconsequen- land was in ruins. tial," then the Christ who is inconsequential to the Jew must be The same spirit pervades the equally inconsequential to the New Testament. Its great, oft- Christian. Then missionary effort recurring words are outgoingon behalf of any people is a blunder teach, call, heal, say, go, etc. The Beloved Disciple, even when a and even an affront. We should prisoner in Patmos, and in a day not merely send the Jew back to his when heathenism was triumphant rabbi and his synagogue, but the everywhere, wrote as if he already Moslem to his mullah and his mos- heard the tread of the coming milque and the Hindu to his idols and lions of Gentile converts hurrying his temple. on to the mystic Zion, the seat of Him who is "the Desire of all na- In a very real sense the presence tions." He saw his divine Master of the Jew in our midst presents a going forth conquering and to contest to the Christian Church more quer and crowned with victory. searching than can be found in any The missionary lives in the spirother part of our work. The test itual ozone of such truths. is primarily as to our attitude to Christ and His Gospel, and then HOW TO UTILIZE THE PUBLIC 3. As a factor for Americanization.

LIBRARY IN OUR MISSIONARY Let us consider each of these in WORK turn.

By SALLIE E. COY, Westerly, R. I. As a Circulation Medium.-We are interested in getting the missionary We have heard of the farmer who, ideal across both to the members of after having driven an old-time Ford our churches and to our communities; for some years, bought a Buick. He the library may assist in circulating drove forty miles in low gear, heat- books of missionary interest. Some ing his engine and getting no speed, may say that they have tried it and trying every scheme he could think of the library will not cooperate. While by using his feet to get into high gear a library cannot do all that the various but without success. At last he met groups of its patrons request, there a man who showed him how to shift are certain things that the public may gears, telling him to use his hands as reasonably expect of its library, and well as his feet. which most librarians will do if re- Our missionary organizations are quested. built for both speed and power, but Book Lists.-Most librarians will be often fail of achievement because we glad to compile lists of material availdo not make use of the facilities at able on certain SUbjects. For instance, hand. if this year you wish to know what Fifty-six per cent of the total popu- your library can furnish on China or lation of the United States and Canada India, on modern industry, child lalive in public library service areas, according to a recent survey made by the breolr~tiroancsehiprselaotironaslhiiepnss; international in America, American Library Association, yet give your librarian several days' noonly two volumes per capita are issued tice, and good lists will undoubtedly from public libraries during a year. be forthcoming. "There can be but one reason for this Special Shelves.-If your group is to situation and that is that public opin- make a thorough study of a special ion is still uninformed of the value and topic, ask that books covering your comprehensive service of a good pub- subject be collected and placed on spelic library." cial shelves marked for your group, How may these libraries be more and held for a limited time. widely used to promote better methods Collections of Missionary Books.- for missionary societies? From obser- Some libraries maintain regular colvation it appears that many mission- lections of missionary books. If you ary organizations are making com- can show sufficient use of these books paratively little use of the tremendous your librarian will be glad to arrange asset which is theirs for the asking for one. The great advantage of havin the public libraries. ing such a collection in your public There are three ways in which library is that it attracts many readers our missionary organizations may who would not dream of borrowing more fully utilize the public library: books from a church library. This has 1. As a medium for the circulation been proved again and again.

of missionary books. When you know the books that you 2. As a laboratory or workshop. especially wish to have ill. a mission- 4 305 ary collection submit the list to your rhe Library lUI Laboratory librarian and some will be purchased As a workshop, where all of the lat- -probably not all. In making up the est tools and instruments are availlist consider the books your library able, the public library is an invaluable already has along this line that may asset to the missionary society. In form the nucleus of your collection. preparing programs, pageants or posters, one cannot afford to ignore Many of the following fairly recent the help which the library offers. books will be found in the average There are many ways and many books public library and may be used on which would prove useful, but only your list: those are here listed which have been tried again and again and have proved Christianity and the Race Problem- themselves of value. Oldham. Many times, in developing a pro- The Church and Missions–Speer. gram, we find that we lack the infor- From Immigrant to Inventor-Pupin. mation necessary to complete your Shepherds-Oemler. cycle of facts. Or we may have seen The Glass Window-Furman. The Christ of the Indian Road- an article in a recent magazine but Jones. cannot recall the date of issue. THE A Daughter of the Samurai-Sugimoto. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD The Soul of an Immigrant-Panunzio. We Must March-Morrow. is the only strictly missionary maga- African Clearings–Mackenzie. Autobiography (Labrador)-Grenfell. The Cost of a New World-Maclennan. zine indexed in one of the greatest of No collection of missionary books all library reference tools, "The will be altogether complete that does Readers' Guide to Periodical Literanot include some of an inspirational ture." This index will be found in nature, for the love of Christ is the every library of any size. compelling force of the entire missionary motive. This year, when we are especially considering the Church's attitude to- Marks of a World Christian-Fleming. wards social problems such as modern Jesus and Our Generation-Gilkey. industrialism, racial problems, and The Manhood of the Master-Fosdick. our international attitudes, it is well The Meaning of Service-Fosdick. What Peace Means–Van Dyke. to strengthen our position by a What Christ Means to Me-Grenfell. thorough understanding of the back- The Christian Basis of World Democ- ground of these present-day questions.

racy-Latourette. To that end many missionary societies The Jesus of History-Glover. are organizing discussion groups or Many other books of this sort will be forums. "The Reference Shelf" and found in the average public library the "Handbook Series," both pub- and are worthy of a place in your col- lished by the H. W. Wilson Co., will lection. furnish excellent material on current You may secure a missionary read- problems. They contain reprints and ing list from your denominational bibliographies from many sources, to- headquarters, check it with your li- gether with briefs, and debate and brary catalogue, and then present it to study outlines. A perfectly impartial your librarian. In requesting books, attitude is maintained towards both have full information if possible- sides of the question, and since as title, author, publisher, price. members of missionary organizations Dep()sit Statians. – Many rural it is our aim to advance the Christian churches and those not easily accessi- viewpoint, these studies will help ma- ble to a public library can arrange to terially in seeing the subject from act as a deposit station for the near- every angle. Some of the questions est library. A number of missionary dealt with in these -series are-War, books may be borrowed for an ex- Its Cause and Cure; Immigration, tended time-someone in the church Prohibition, Child Labor, Japanese acting as librarian. Exclusion, etc.

1928J METHODS FOR WORKERS

If there is one part of our mission- after the Civil War. It also has an ary programs that we neglect more excellent chapter on color and light- than another it is the devotional pe- ing, giving the effect of lights on dif- riod. Sometimes the wrong song is ferent colors, and the psychological used, or an unfortunate poem is read eflects of various colors on the audi- that jars the spirit of the entire pro- ence. Haire's "Folk Costume Book"

gram. By making use of some of the is especially good in its description of excellent collections of folk-songs and the costumes of many of the less sacred songs available in public li- known countries of Southern Europe.

braries we may have music that will Other helpful books on costume are add to the impressiveness of our pro- Hubbard and Peck's "National Cos- grams, instead of detracting from tumes of the Slavic Peoples," Jasspon them. and Becker's "Ritual and Dramatized Botsford's "Folk Songs of Many Folkways" and Mackay's "Costume Peoples" (2 vols., published by the Woman's Press, 1922, which has the music and words, both in the original, and also translations by American poets) contains many songs from the homelands of our new Americans.

Burton's "American Primitive Mu- sic," or Fletcher's "Indian Story and Song from North America," will help greatly in creating the right atmos- phere for a program on work among the American Indians.

It is possible to secure excellent col- lections of Negro spirituals from de- nominational literature bureaus, but since this type of American folk !Dore interesting music has so largely come into its own, the library can help here. Johnson's "Book of American Negro Spirituals"

and Krehbiel's "Afro-American Folk tban Cl novel Songs" contain many well-known and some of the less familiar spirituals.

There is no question as to the value of using folk music in our programs; and Scenery for Amateurs," an older when we have learned to sing the but still useful book. songs of other peoples we are on the road to a better understanding. The right music is a necessity for the best work in dramatic presenta- HelpB for Missionary Dramatics tions. Holt's "List of Music for Plays Dramatic presentations, as part of and Pageants" will help greatly in our missionary program, have come to knowing what to use; Sears' "Song stay, for we have all learned that some Index" tells where to find much of the of our finest lessons are taught in this music that Holt suggests.

way. But a poorly staged, poorly cos- Most libraries do not have a large tumed or poorly lighted presentation assortment of missionary plays and loses much of its effectiveness. pageants so that you will do better to Here are some books that will help write to your denominational head- in the proper setting of plays and pag- quarters for these. There are several eants. Grimball and Wells' "Costum- excellent collections usually available: ing a Play" describes costumes from "Short Missionary Plays" and "More Assyrian times to the period shortly Short Missionary Plays," by Margaret

T. Applegarth, contain plays some of Pictures.-The current magazines which will be useful in women's so- furnish plenty of pictures. Asia, cieties, young people's organizations National Geographic and Travel conor in Sunday-schools. "Religious tain especially good material for mis- Dramas," a collection brought out each sionary posters. year by the Federal Council of Churches, while not distinctly mission- Most libraries maintain picture col- lections, and these pictures may be ary, is high grade and worth knowing. borrowed for use in program meetings, Poster HelplI or can be copied for posters if a real artist happens to be among your mem- We have come to believe in the use bership. Borrow the idea of a picture of posters for publicity but not all are collection from the library, and have familiar with the technicalities of one of your own. These pictures may then be used in your poster making.

Each member should be on the watch for pictures which she will contribute ~!U Jinps..gng. S-oWO~ from month to month. They are then JO ~.mslln -Oll~ classified, placed in folders and prop- ;S-O'H -Oll:)' ~nSl erly marked. The folders can be made of heavy manila card. Those for pic- ~1l qa,IlQ£' As~ tures of foreign missionary interest SI -OLPP!1l S!lI:)' ~slln on.

4r should be marked with name of coun- try; i. e., China, Japan, etc.; for home missionary material, mark folders o with names of people; i. e., Negro, • t Indian, etc. The same plan may be followed with clippings from newspapers, magazines, etc., for an up-to-date information file.

In placing pictures on poster, study carefully the best position before past- ing them. Sometimes the pictures are much more effective if cut out and out- lined with ink. Use a "T square" to be sure that the picture lines up cor- rectly.

Lettering.-Do not spoil a good poster by poor lettering. If the poster maker actually knows her alphabet making them. "The Amateur Poster well, that is, the relative sizes and Maker" by Perkins and "Principles shapes of the letters, she will save and Practice of Show Card Writing" much time by using the lettering pens.

by Blair, give many suggestions. For Good pens of this sort may be obtained the amateur even these non-technical at most stationers, or directly from treatises may seem complicated and the Hunt Pen Company, Camden, N.

the making of posters far from easy. J., makers of the "Speed Ball Pen" or If so, the following simple rules which from the Esterbrook Steel Pen Manu- have been followed by amateurs most facturing Co., Camden, N. J., who successfully may be helpful. make "Lettering and Drawing Speed Poster Material.-Use bristol board Pens." The cost is about ten cents of neutral tone. A soft buff makes each, and three different sizes will till an excellent background for most the average need.

posters. Any light-weight card of dull It will help greatly toward good let- finish is better than the shiny card- tering to remember that all up strokes board of brilliant color. should be light, down strokes heavy,

METHODS FOR WORKERS

vertical strokes heavy, horizontal ing conditions in a sufficiently starstrokes light. tling manner so that even the unin- terested person must read them. For The average amateur poster-maker that reason use as few words as poswill do better to trace the letters. Many sible but make each word count. good books on lettering are available which contain different styles of alpha- A good type of information poster bets. Brown's "Letters and Letter- to create an interest in reading the ing," Day's "Alphabets, Old and New," missionary books is made by having Goudy's "Elements of Lettering," the words "Have you read this?" in Goudy's "The Alphabet," and Stevens' large letters at the top of the poster. "Lettering," will be found in most Beneath these words paste several libraries. Each one has certain types books' jackets that have been careof letters in which it excels. Using fully trimmed. Change them from one of these, take thin tissue or trans- time to time and you will find the fer paper, draw line for letters to rest books will be asked for without furupon, and then trace the letters, being ther effort.

careful as to spacing. Have poster The Library &II a Factor in carefully planned and then trace letters Americanization from transfer paper to poster, using either carbon paper or sharp pencil Outside of the school there is no for making impression. In this way, agency so potent in the Americanizaalmost perfect lettering is secured. tion of the foreigner as the public li- brary. The one aim of the modern Kinds of Posters.-Posters may be library is to give service to the entire generally divided into two classes- community and all that it asks in reinvitation and information. The invi- turn for this service is a wider use tation poster will be either of a gen- of its facilities. eral nature, stating the date and place of meeting with a clever little invita- In the larger towns and cities tion attached, or it will advertise the branch libraries are maintained in nature and subject of the meeting. many of the foreign communities, and The latter is more difficult to do well, here the library becomes indeed a and so it is usually more effectual in community center. The women of our carrying out its purpose. There should missionary organizations who are be a different poster on the church watching for an opportunity to make bulletin board at least once a month. friends with some of the foreign women of their community have here The information poster, or chart, a splendid opportunity. With the love seeks to call attention to facts or exist- -of books asa – common background

some of the finest international friend- hearty cooperation and support of the ships have been formed. church women will mean much to them in their Americanization work. Most libraries maintain a collection of books in foreign languages, cater- An unusually successful effort on ing largely to the more numerous and the part of one library was an Italian more important of the foreign-speak- handicraft exhibit. Various Italian ing groups in their respective commu- women were invited to bring their nities. By means of the inter-library beautiful embroideries and other loan system, however, one library may household treasures from across the borrow books from another, so that all sea to the library, for a display to last foreign groups in a community may about a month. They told their be served, even though the demand for friends about it, with the result that books in a particular language is in- an avalanche of beautiful linens, tapsufficient to warrant purchase. estries, brasses, old jewelry and marbles descended upon the library, all Most immigrants, while they enjoy these the treasures of the so-called reading books in their native tongue peasant class. They were carefully have a great longing to "become marked, the history of each piece was American." So usually close at hand, noted, and the exhibit began. will be found books on Americanization. Since many of our missionary People from all parts of the commuorganizations include as part of their nity flocked to the library to see this Americanization program the teach- display, and many new and interesting ing of English in the foreign home, and since one of the first things the 'contacts were made, as the Italian foreigner himself wants is help to- women proudly explained in their wards attaining citizenship, we men- broken English the history of some tion a few helpful books. piece of fine embroidery to an admir- ing American ancestor worshipper "Americanization Questionnaire" by who had hitherto regarded all foreign- Bradshaw and Hornstein, published in ers as something dirty and hateful. 1926, contains questions and answers Best of all, the Italian girls gained a usually asked of aliens applying for citi- new respect and admiration for their zenship papers. mothers as they heard the work of their hands and the treasures of their "A Course in Citizenship" by Cabot households admired and all but envied and others, gives a practical working by the American women. outline for teachers to aid their efforts in giving children an ideal of human This handicraft exhibit is just one brotherhood. example of the many things the mod- ern library is attempting for the for- The U. S. Bureau of Naturalization eigner. As a non-sectarian instituhas issued a splendid series of pamphlets tion without ulterior motive the liand textbooks on Americanization called brary can reach the foreigner in adif- "Federal Textbooks on Citizenship Train- ferent way than the church can hope ing." to do. But this very lack of handi- cap which makes the library so fine an A recent series which bids fair to out- initial point of contact with the forrival all others in popularity with the eigner must necessarily prevent it foreigner himself, is "Help Yourself Lessons" by Talbot, published in 1926. from going beyond a certain point. They are really picture primers for grown-ups and their children who cannot It is here that the churches must read or write our language readily. pick up the work and go on with it. Some one has said that it is not ideas Handicraft Exhibits but ideals that make a people's civili- zation. The Christ ideal must be the Different libraries have adopted ultimate aim in any lasting work with various methods to help the foreigner the foreigner, and this is the end tofeel himself an integral part of the ward which the churches are aiming. community aside from being an asset to the ward politicians. Here our missionary organizations and libraries can well join forces. Most librarians are open to suggestions, and the

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THIRD CONFERENCE ON THE different views met at this Round CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR Table so that we heard the question presented ably from many points of By AMY G. LEWIS, NEW YORK view. Another group of experts dis- The Third Conference on the Cause cussed in this way, "The Recent For- and Cure of War was held in Wash- eign Policy of the United States to- iinngtaotnt~nJdaanncuea,ryre1p5r-e19se, n1t9i2n8g, with 581 ward certain Caribbean countries, the nine Mexico and China."

national organizations of women that Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, the cooperate. The delegation of cljurch president and moving spirit of the con- women was larger .than before-thir- ference, showed her ability to keep the ty-nine from the Federation of Wom- groups of women together and to an's Boards of Foreign Missions and guide and sometimes answer the ex- thirty-nine from the Council of Wom- perts. Among the speakers were some en for Home Missions. Mrs. William who have addressed the previous con- Edgar Geil, president of the Federa- ferences: Mr. James G. McDonald, tMio~n. presided at one of the sessions. Chairman of Foreign Policy Associa- D. E. Waid of the Council was tion and Dr. James T. Shotwell, Direc- on the program. tor of Division of Economics and Besides the delegates many visitors History, Carnegie Institute for Inter- came, especially to the opening public national Peace. New speakers who meeting when the speakers were: brought vital messages were: Mr. H. Honorable Dwight F. Davis, Secretary N. Brailsford, Editor of The New of War, Rear Admiral Frank H. Scho- Leader, London, Member of the Labor field, U.S.N., representing the Secre- Party in England; Prof. John Holla- tary of the Navy, Honorable W. R. day Latane, Head of Department of Castle, Jr., Assistant Secretary of History, Johns Hopkins University; State. Senor Salvador de Madariaga, former There were two new features of the Chief of Disarmament Section of Sec- Conference. One, the reports of the retariat of League of Nations; Prof.

"readers" who have been studying in- Nicholas Spykman, Associate Profes- ternational relations and the cause and sor Dept. Economics, Sociology and cure of war during the year. It is no Government, Yale University; Dr.

unguided emotionalism that brings to- Anna Garlin Spencer, Educator, Min- gether these women of varied inter- ister, Lecturer; Dr. J. Leighton Stu- ests united in the effiort to find a art, President, Yenching University, way to rid the world of the ancient Peking, China, and Mrs. Henry W. curse of war. Reports of the group Peabody.

meetings in many cities showed that The following resolutions were there are many organizations of men adopted at business sessions of the and women cooperating in institutes Conference: for studying along the lines laid out Re8olved, that the delegates to the by the Conference on the Cause and Third Conference on the Cause and Cure Cure of War. Another new feature of of War, convinced that effective treaties great interest and value was the Round between nations for the l>eaceful settle- Table where men and women of real ment of all international disputes will amnakiensptorussmibelentthoef eploimlicinya, tiaonndobf ewlieavrinags learning discussed in our presence, "Should and Can War be Abolished? that the withholding of arms, munitions, If so, how?" Professors of widely and implements of war from nations 311

which shall have violated such treaties Resolved, that the Conference on the is one of the practical means of ensuing Cause and Cure of War deplores the their enforcement, do hereby endorse the policy of greatly increased naval arma- Burton Resolution (H. J. Res. 1), and ments for the United States, at the same urge upon the Congress and President time that our State Department is ofof the United States its enactment into fering treaties renouncing war as an in law. strument of national policy, and urges that in the adoption of any naval pro- **** gram the President be authorized to suspend construction if circumstances SECTION I warrant it.

WHEREAS, acknowledged substitutes ** ** for war are compacts of agreement between nations not to resort to war over Another resolution was adopted auany dispute or conflict of opinion arising, but instead to settle them by one thorizing a committee to address a letor a succession of peaceful methods now thoroughly established by precedent, and ter to President Coolidge respectfully WHEREAS, the Department of State of requesting information on these points the United States in response to the Briand proposal submitted a proposal concerning the entry of the United for a "multilateral treaty with France, Great Britain, Japan, Germany, Italy, State~ into the Permanent Court: and other like-minded nations for the renunciation of war as an instrument of 1. The meaning of the phrase–"has national policy," therefore, be it or claims an interest"-which appeared ambiguous to the Geneva Conference of Resolved, that this Conference recom- September, 1926, when considering the mend to the national organizations com- reservation of the United States with prising the Committee on the Cause and reference to the advisory opinions of the Cure of War that they give active and Court. concerted support to the efforts of the Department of State for the conclusions 2. If the United States were a memof either a multilateral treaty or bi- ber of the World Court and an advisory lateral treaties with these same nations. opinion were asked, who would decide Be it further whether the United States "has or claims an interest"? Resolved. that in the event of such treaties not being immediately presented 3. Would the authority be found in or concluded, such concerted effort by the the President or the Senate, or in both organizations be employed to create and jointly? educate public opinion for the inclusion in future treaties of the principles of 4. If this point is undecided, who has renunciation of war as an instrument of the authority to determine it? Is the national policy and for the use of exist- question in doubt as to who has the auing and creation of needed machinery thority to decide? for the peaceful settlement of international disputes. **** SECTION II Widely diverse views as to "cures"

of war were expressed, but it is evi- dent that the women realize that it is no easy task that is faced. There must be a long process of education of pub- WHEREAS, we recognize that women lic opinion based on a thorough study of other countries are deeply concerned of very complex situations. War canwith us in the building of world peace, not be abolished by fiat. Conditions must be understood and causes of conbe it flict removed. Intelligence of the Resolved, that the National Committee highest order, determination and hard work must be applied to winning on the Cause and Cure of War commu- peace. General Tasker Bliss says: nicate with the leading women's groups "If there were as much capacity for in other countries, particularly those organization in the whole American peace movement as there is in one enumerated in the proposal of the State regiment of the United States Army, Department, informing them of our pur- the friends of peace could accomplish pose; and further, that we express our anything they agreed to undertake." hope that together we may be a strong influence in the development of interna- The final word on the printed protional public opinion for support of the gram was for the spiritual union of use of peaceful methods as a substitute mankind. for force which may enable all civilized nations to renounce war as an instrument of their national policy; and in addition we ask their continued support of concrete methods for the peaceful settlement of international disputes.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

The printed report of the confer- THE WORLD'S DAY OF PRAYER ence will be ready before these words are read. It may be had from the Prayer Broadcast by Mrs. William office of the Secretary of the Commit- Edgar Geil tee on the Cause and Cure of War- Miss Josephine Schain, Room 1010, We thank Thee, 0 Lord and Mas- Grand Central Terminal Building, ter of us all, that during Thy short New York City. earthly ministry Thou didst send forth small groups of Thy messengers in "OUR ASIATIC CHRIST" the comradeship of service through- out the small country of Thine incar- In this little book of 180 pages Pro- nation to prepare the way for the fessor Buck gives us one of his choice Kingdom of God. descriptions of the new way in which India is laying hold upon the We thank Thee and rejoice that Christ. ever since, in Thine eternal ministry of Heaven, Thou are continually In his first chapter we are shown touching the hearts of men and women how attracted the intelligentsia of everywhere, and art inspiring them to India are by Jesus Christ whom she carry the good news of Thy Kingdom has taken to her heart as one of her to the uttermost parts of the world. own true sons. The story of the return of Christ to Asia is told from We praise Thee afresh that the beginning of Catholic and Protestant effort to the present time. "As o'er each continent and island The dawn leads on another day The four succeeding chapters deal The voice of prayer is never silent. with the fact that Christ in a unique Nor dies the strain of praise away. way does not destroy but fulfills the And hour by hour fresh lips are making great ideals of Hinduism. Thy wondrous doings heard on high."

II. Jesus and Ahimsa: How He Our gratitude flows forth to Thee overcame by gentleness. in unbounded measure that on this day which has just dawned, Christian III. The Yoga of Jesus: How He women throughout the entire world was bound by a love that would not are lifting their hearts to Thee in let Him go. prayer for Missions which means the extension of Thy Kingdom of love IV. Jesus the Jiwanmukta: How everywhere in the hearts of mankind. He realized God in this life. o our Father, help us to realize V. Jesus and Ananda: How He drank of the fountains of joy. what infinite power is released by. this world-wide prayer for Missions, but It is inevitable that India will claim at the same time, dear Father, quicken Christ as one of her own great teach- within us the tremendous responsiers along with the others whom she bility of prayer, and so wilt Thou venerates. We cannot prevent this make us ever ready to be used of Thee even if we would. But the question as channels of this divine power howis: Will Christ remain there as a light ever Thou dost reveal it to us as a or will He inevitably become the light challenge to increase of prayer and of lights by His own shining? service in our own lives.

India will claim Christ as an Asiatic May we together utter the prayer and she will make her own interpreta- of the Kingdom with a fresh realizations. tion of the depth of its meaning: For those who work in India and "Our Father which art in Heaven, for all who love the Orient this book hallowed be Thy name. Thy Kingdom will illumine our task and give us con- come, Thy will be done in earth as it fidence that the Spirit of God is mov- is in Heaven. Give us this day our ing mightily in this hardest of all daily bread. And forgive us our debts mission fields. as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation but deliver us ELIZABETH C. FLEMING. from evil, for Thine is the Kingdom and the power and the glory forever." FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK A WOMAN'S SPHERE one of the best. There was a delegated They talk about a woman's sphere registration of 115, presided over by As if it had a limit; Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, Vice-President-at- Large. The officers of the Councii, There's not a place in earth or heaven, both volunteer and executive, were all There's not a task to mankind given, continued in office. There's not a blessing or a woe, There's not a whisper, yes or no, Splendid advance was reported in many phases and activities, among There's not a life, nor death, nor birth, them the rapidly increasing observ- ance of the World Day of Prayer and That has a feather's weight of worth Without a woman in it.

-Selected.

THE ANNUAL MEETING-AND the almost phenomenal progress dur- AFTER ing the year in getting in touch with local women's interdenominational Because of recognized need that the groups. Between 350 and 400 groups Council of Women for Home Missions were on the list a year ago; now 850 confer closely with the Federation of which carryon varied activities, and Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions 280 additional which annually observe of North America in regard to most only the Day of Prayer. The Chairimportant relationships, policies and man of the Committee on World Day programs, and realization that close of Prayer made the suggestion at the relationships with the Home Missions annual meetings of both Federatior Council necessitated united conference and Council that the sunset hour on and planning, the Council did not until every Sunday be observed as a time of a late date determine whether to meet prayer. If this is generally observed, in Atlantic City with the Federation the earth will be banded with definite or Cleveland with the Home Missions prayer for the advancement of the Council. It was finally decided that Kingdom not only on the World Day members of the Executive Committee of Prayer but once each week.

hold informal joint conference at Atlantic City and that the Annual Meet- WODlen'. Organized InterdenoDlina- ing be at Cleveland. Mrs. John Fer- tiona! Work guson, President, sailed for South One of the most important matters America four days before the Annual considered looked toward the "joint Meeting, and other important members development of an inclusive program of the Executive Committee were pre- for local interdenominational groups vented from attending because of of church women," as had been ear- distant trips. In planning for the nestly requested by the Conference on Cleveland meetings major emphasis Women's Organized Interdenomina- was placed upon the National Church tional Work held in St. Louis, Mis- Comity Conference which immediate- souri, May 31-June 1, 1927. This ly preceded the annual meetings of the conference was the third, the others three bodies calling that conference- having been in Pittsburgh, December, Home Missions Council, Council of 1924, and Cleveland, June, 1926. Re- Women for Home Missions, and Fed- quests in the St. Louis Findings had eral Council of the Churches of Christ led to the formation of a committee in America-and the annual meetings composed of representatives of all of were somewhat minimized. the groups directly related which met Notwithstanding these adverse fac- in December in New York. Recom- tors this Annual Meeting proved to be mendations from this meeting are now 314 being considered by each of the Home Missions moved their national groups. The Annual Meeting spent offices to the same building with the considerable time going over them Federal Council in order to give physmost carefully. The next Conference ical evidence of the new relationship on Women's Organized Interdenomina- between the three bodies. tional Work will be held in Buffalo in June in connection with the meeting Joint Action with Home Mi••io… of the Association of Executive Secretaries of Federations and Councils (louncil of Churches. In joint session with the Home Mis- Relationships, both internal and sions Council the findings of the with other bodies had been studied Comity Conference were approved, induring the year, resulting in some cluding a five-year program of survey changes in titles, as well as adapta- and adjustment in the field of comity. tions of policies and programs. The Fuller mention and later developments Work among Farm and Cannery Mi- regarding comity will be reported in grants has now been renamed Migrant Work. Emphasis is placed upon stim- the REVIEW from time to time. ulation of local and regional groups to realize the problem of migratory labor Dr. King in his report to the Home and to initiate and carry forward Missions Council included the follow- Christian social service in their own ing: districts, the Council continuing to conduct experimental stations for I would like to see this Council endemonstration purposes. large its program so as to provide, either through an existing committee, or a new Most cordial and satisfactory rela- one, for the promotion of the cause of Home Missions in the largest and most tionship is maintained with the Mis- inclusive meaning of the term, among sionary Education Movement in the the youth of our land. preparation, publishing, and distribution of study books for all ages. Un- Not only do our young people need to fortunately no official representative be enlightened and enlisted in Home Misof that body could be present at the sions-the time seems to be ripe for Annual Meeting. Greetings were some supreme effort on the part of Protbrought in person by Mrs. W. E. Geil, estantism to capture the attention of the President, and Mrs. L. J. P. Bishop, entire nation to the Home Mission task representing Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, and to challenge the Church with the programs of the Boards for the making Executive Secretary of the Federation of America a Christian nation. of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America; Rev. Samuel To this end a great national Home McCrea Cavert, General Secretary of Mission Congress two years hence would the Federal Council of the Churches be advisable. This should be preceded of Christ in America; Rev. Ernest M. by and prepared for by some thorough- Halliday and Rev. William R. King going work of several commissions to for the Home Missions Council, the study and report on the various aspects latter having recently become Execu- of the Home Mission task, such as: tive Secretary of that Council. I. The Task of Home Missions. During the year only two joint com- II. The Administration of Home Mismittees with the Home Missions Council dealing with areas of service had sions. functioned – Indian Missions and III. The Church and Home Missions. New Americans. Separate articles on IV. The Young People and Home Misthese will be in the REVIEW at a later sions. date. V. Comity and Cooperation in Home On May 1st the Home Missions Missions. Council and the Council of Women for VI. Home Missions and the World.

Such a congress should enlist the co- operation of the three Councils-the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions, a;nd the Fed- eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America. Such a congress might in- clude the interests of the young people, functioning through the commission of young people, or it might seem wise to have a separate conference for students similar to the Detroit gathering.

I submit these suggestions for your of war as a means of adjusting differconsideration. If they are approved, I ences of opinion between nations. would recommend that the Council o"' Women for Home Missions and the Fed- 3. Expression of approval of the Bureral Council of the Churches of Christ ill. ton resolution looking to an embargo on America be invited to cooperate ill. the the shipment of arms and munitions to movement, and that the whole matter be countries in belligerency in violation of referred to a special committee, which treaty agreements. shall act jointly with a like number from each of the other Councils, as a 4. Assistance in pressure for adherjoint Committee of Arrangements with ence of the United States to the World power to appoint commissions, build pro- Court. grams and make all other arrangements for the Congress. In addition- The holding of such a congress was 1. That the Council stand ready to asheartily approved by the two Councils sist in any further campaign for the in joint session. The Council of ratification of the federal Child Labor Women for Home Missions also placed Amendment, and in other legislative efspecific emphasis upon the importance forts for the improvement of conditions of relating students to missionary in- concerning child labor. terests. 2. Opposition to amendment or repea1 Identical Action with Federation of of the Volstead Law.

WODlan's Boards of Foreign Missions 3. Endorsement of the Borah resolu- tion for the outlawry of war when that That as one of the nine groups form- measure becomes an active issue. ing the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, we make its program States whose legislatures are or a more effective part of our work, includ- will be in session this year and which, ing study and action along the lines of therefore, may consider ratification of security, arbitration and disarmament, the Federal Child Labor Amendment the foreign policy of the United States are Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachuin regard to the Philippines, China, setts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Japan, Latin America and international York, Rhode Island, South Carolina debts. We suggest as a practical step and Virginia. Constituencies in those that the conclusions reached at the con- states have this immediate special opference on January 15 to 19, 1928, at portunity to assist in securing ratifi- Washington be at once taken nationally cation. and 'locally for very careful study and for action. And Af:ter That we cooperate with and encourage It now remains for "the constituthose educational movements that are ency"-for you-to make operative seeking to develop peace and right in- these recommendations. One of the terracial attitudes among our children. great dangers inherent in "resolu- tions" is that after they are passed, That in the face of the bewildering they may go into the oblivion of the and baffling problems connected with the past and not live actively. National above and the need for releasing greater bodies may "pass resolutions" and spiritual forces, the noon hour be used "take action" but real significance is as a time for prayer for peace. manifested only when you and I in our state, in our local community, in Other Legislative Matters our church, in our own lives make them effective. If our racial, interna- Approval was voted of the follow- tional, industrial, denominational attiing recommendations brought by the tudes and relationships are unaffected, Chairman of the Committee on Legis- of what avail will the resolutions be? lative Matters: There has been space here only for For immediate action- the bare recital of actions taken. Clothe these facts and bring them to 1. Pressure on increased appropria- the attention of all groups you touch tions for teachers' salaries in government or influence, meditate upon them, bear schools for the Indians, that the best them in prayer, search your own heart types of men and women may be se- -and behold what great things will cured for those positions. be wrought!

2. Expression of approval of the Kellogg treaties looking to the elimination

AND MALAYSIA sided one evening at a Christian meet-

Indian Christian Patriotism ing where two hundred of the edu- AT AN "All-India" conference of In- cated Mohammedans and Hindus had 1'. dian Christians, held in Allaha- gathered in a large tent, where we were camping, to listen to Christian bad, B. L. Rallia Ram concluded his addresses and Christian music. These address as presiding officer as follows: people sat for two hours listening to "Let us remind ourselves that we have the gospel message and at the close come here as Indians and as Chris- more than a score of them bought gostians. There is a school of thought pel portions to read at their leisure." that always advocates the slogan, 'Let us be Indians first and Hindus, Moslems and Sikhs and Christians after- Over 1,000 Chamars Baptized R wards,' while others maintain, 'We EV. P. D. PHILLIPS, of the Meth- odist Episcopal Mission at Bijnor, should be Christians and Hindus and Moslems first and Indians afterwards.' United Provinces, India, reports the They may be right or wrong. For conversion during the past year of Christians there is no choice. We members of seven different castes. He must be Indians and Christians at the continues: "After years of labor we same time. We cannot be loyal to our have now the satisfaction of witness- Master and be untrue to India. We ing the true beginnings of the mass cannot be true Christians and be un- movement work among the Chamars patriotic. Our patriotism must be in of the district who are 135,000 in consonance with Jesus' teaching, with number. I hardly know of any in- His standards of life and ethics, and stance when only a single Chamar was with His call for unselfish service. baptized or even small groups of them.

The measure of our loyalty to the Lord When they come they come in large Jesus Christ is the measure of our loy- numbers, as we have seen on many alty to our Motherland." occasions. This year the number of their baptisms ran up to 1,059 which India'. Debt to Miwsionarie. surpasses all previous records. I have REV. J. N. WEST, a missionary of expressed my heartfelt sorrow to a the Methodist Episcopal Church number of them as they have described in Shahjahanpur, United Provinces, to me the outrages and insults in- India, quotes the following tribute to flicted on them for embracing the missionary work: "When the history Christian faith by their landlords, unof India shall be really written, a large der the evil influence of the Aryas place will have to be given to the work who are our most powerful enemies of the Christian missionaries. The in the district."

best we have, we got from them. The high thoughts and the moral ideals of Outcastc Though Educated our Gandhi and our Rabinadrath Ta- AN INDIAN preacher in Mysore, gore were taught to them by mission- 1'. South India, writes of the fetters aries." He continues: "These are not with which Indian custom still binds the words of a Christian. They were those of outcaste origin: "The Gov- uttered by a learned Hindu, an official ernment, of course, has made some in government service. And he re- provision to educate the outcastes, but peated this sentiment when he pre- nothing to destroy the barrier. As we 317

entered an outcaste village, a number make a study of the churches of North of young men were :§itting together India and find how in all of them, and we stopped to talk with them. Methodist, Presbyterian, Anglican and One who spoke English fluently Roman Catholic in all parts of the said that he and others of them had North, there are groups that trace been students in the Panchama Board- back to the movement a generation ing School. He said that they were ago. If you would make your study trying to improve their condition, that complete go to other parts of India, they had given up their unclean habits and even to Malaysia, England and and customs and that they had noth- America. And when you are making ing to do with that pernicious evil, your study go not exclusively to the'

drink. 'And now,' said the mission- places where the depressed classes live,'

ary, 'you have come back to your vil- for most of those who have moved out lage, what do you intend to do l' The of the villages where they and their young man's face became pale and ancestors were oppressed and de- serious and he said that he must live pressed have also moved upward so- outside the village because of his caste. cially, culturally and economically as In spite of his education and improved well as spiritually. Go to the railway habits, the caste people despised him shops, to government offices, to the because he is outcaste." courts, to hospitals, to schools and col- leges, to churches and parsonages, and In1luential College Graduates to homes of culture."

MADRAS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE A Brahmin. Christian'. Witness has reason to be proud of its pupils. Throughout the Presidency the 1'HE dramatic way in which a Brah- Christian graduates exert great influ- min village chief proved, by drinkence in many walks of life. When in ing water out of a missionary's glass December. 1926. a new ministry was when he was baptized, that he had formed, everyone of the three minis- thrown away all caste prejudice was ters proved to be an old boy of the described in the August, 1927, RE- College. On the Governor's Executive VIEW. Rev. C. W. Posnett, of the Eng- Council sits a fourth old boy, While in lish Wesleyan Mission at Medak, who the Legislative Council almost thirty baptized him, tells of visiting a cerof the one hundred elected Indian seats tain village while on tour and says of are filled by alumni of the College. this man: "He lived twenty miles One afternoon lately the Principal was away from this village, but he had called to the telephone. The speaker heard of my coming, and he had travwas the Minister for Education, who elled aU through the night in order to stated that he had just passed through be with us and to encourage the new the Legislative Council a supplemen- beginners. I was talking to him, and tary grant of Rs. 20,000 for his Alma found that after he got home last May Mater. It was a kindly act of Sir A. he had invited all the outcaste Chris- Parasuramdas Patro, whose devotion tians to his sacred Brahmin house. to the College has never flagged since Then he had called all the caste Hindus he went through its classes over thirty of his village; and there, before them years ago. 2011, he bad boldly declared himself a Fruits of Early Mass Movement. follower of Jesus, and had actually PEOPLE who appraise the mass been having caste and outcaste in his movements a generation ago on the own big courtyard for a service on basis of present conditions in the vil- Sunday morning. Only those who lages make a great mistake, in the know the pride of birth and the opinion of the editor of the Indian sacredness of a Brahmin home can Witness, who says: "If you are estimate the wonder of this great con- tempted to disparage mass movements fession."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Malaysian Pastors' Institute also be used to estabiish scholarships A TEN-DAY training institute for at the women's colleges in India. Malaysian pastors, held by American missionaries in Singapore of the Jail Preaching in Ceylon I Methodist Episcopal Church, presented T IS the conviction of Rev. G. Dal- some interesting problems. "One of ton Lemphers, missionary of the these," writes H. B. Arnstut, "is our United Presbyterian Church in Cey- language difficulties. We have a most lon, that "no evangelistic work in the cosmopolitan group, each one still re- world is so interesting and blessed as taining and often speaking only his prison work." He says: "I count it a mother tongue. Here we heard a very great privilege to have the op- Batak playing the organ and singing portunity regularly to visit the jails the fine hymns of the Gospel with his in the city of Colombo and conduct rich baritone voice. We marvel when services. As most of the men are able we think that his forefathers but a to speak English, it is not difficult to short fifty years ago were fierce can- have a real live evangelistic service nibals. . One morning we heard a and spend a helpful hour with them.

Straitsborn Chinese speak in Malay, There are a few nominal Christians, on another day a Tamil in English, Buddhists-in the majority-Hindus again a Chinese in Hokien, Cantonese and Mohammedans-the last named or Foochow dialects. We try to stim- but a few. What a world of ideas, ulate to read and study, to show them hopes and thoughts these men repre- how to use the Bible and properly un- sent! …… A good many of those who derstand it, to train them in church have been led to Christ are now out technique. The thing we want to do of jail and leading good and honorable most of all is to encourage them to lives.

develop indigenous forms of worship and not to follow our Western forms." CHINA AND TIBET New Bible HOWIe in Peking T T A Pandita Ramabai Memorial HE ceremony of laying the corner- HE American Ramabai Associa- stone of this building was wit- tion was organized a generation nessed by a large and representative ago, when the late Pandita Ramabai group of Chinese, American, British came to the United States and set and European Christians. Dr. Y. Y.

forth her plans for rescuing the child Tsu, director of religious work in the widows of India. The American As- Peking Union Medical College, offered sociation now proposes to sell the prayer. Mr. Wu Leichuan, vice-pres- Sharada Sadan school in Poona, val- ident of Yenching University and a ued at $30,000, and with the help highly respected Chinese Christian of gifts from friends in America, scholar, laid the stone and delivered England, Australia and New Zealand, an able and scholarly address, which to erect a memorial building at Wil- revealed a deep appreciation of the son College, Bombay, the cost of which Christian Scriptures. He was intro- will be about $100,000. The building duced by the Rev. G. Carleton Lacy, is to be used as a hostel or boarding Agency Secretary of the American Bi- hall for young women students, the ble Society. The building, which is to child widow to be given preference if be erected at a cost of $50,000 gold, is such apply, the high-caste girl given of Chinese architecture. Ample ac- next preference, and they are to be commodations will be provided for allowed the privilege that they had salesroom, offices, and godown, to during Ramabai's life of retaining carry on the distribution of more than their religious beliefs and customs un- a million volumes of Scriptures each less they prefer to accept the Chris- year. In addition, there will be astian faith. Certain vested funds will sembly and committee rooms, a Ii-

brary, and a vault to provide for the the foreign missionaries. These meet- safe-keeping of the valuable manu- ings went on faithfully through the scripts and plates owned by the So- summer months, and on one occasion ciety. of special difficulty for one of the mis- sion girls' schools, they held a three S,peech by General Ohang days' fast. Others were interested in ATESTIMONIAL dinner at which their attitude, and some of the mem- 150 were present has been given bers of the church, who desired to unby certain Christian organizations in dertake a definite piece of missionary Shanghai to General Chang Djih Ki- work, opened a preaching place on a ang, Feng Yu Hsiang's chief of staff, busy road near the railway station.

whose outstanding Christian char- Very successful meetings are being acter was referred to in the March held there, and those who attend reg- REVIEW. Rev. A. R. Kepler, executive ularly are encouraged to become en- secretary of the General Council of the quirers for church membership."

newly-established Church of Christ in China, writes of the occasion: "Gen- Christian Endeavor in China T eral Chang is undoubtedly one of the HROUGH the Boston Ghristian Endeavor headquarters the pupils most earnest Christians that I have met in many moons. He is a great of the Gedik Pasha American School general, but I believe that he is a big- in Constantinople sent sometime ago ger preacher even than a soldier. In a gift of money to be used to help the course of his address, which was Christian Endeavor work in China.

applauded over and over again by the The letter written in reply by the Chi- dinner guests, General Chang re- nese secretary reads in part as fol- marked that Christ told His disciples lows: "We thank you, for remember- that they must expect persecution, just ing Christian Endeavor in China, and as Christ Himself was persecuted, and we pray that God may bless you more that He pronounced a blessing on and more. The total number of Chi- those who were persecuted without nese Junior Christian Endeavor so- cause. It is most important, there- cieties recorded in 1925 was five hun- fore, for Christians so to live the dred. The members were about 2.500.

Christ-like life as to give no cause Nearly all of them could lead in a worthy of persecution. He made a short prayer. We also have issued a passionate appeal for courageous book of Bible reading-lessons. I know Christian living and unflinching wit- that many members are reading the nessing to the winsomeness of the Bible daily. Junior societies in China Christian life." are among the brightest spots in mis- sion work. If there are some grown- Ningpo Ohristian Women Loyal up people in the society to take up the MISS MABEL FORTUNE, an Eng- leadership, then the Juniors can speak lish Methodist missionary, writes a few words. I am also told by sevfrom Ningpo: "We are fortunate in eral leaders that the members under having in our church here a group of thirteen years of age during the evan- staunch, loyal women, whose history gelizing period are able to make testi- dates back to the days of our earliest monies before the audience."

missionaries, and who have an un- broken record of service. When all The Chinese "Reading Public"

R was confusion last year and mission- EV. CARLETON LACY, Secretary of the China Agency of the Ameraries had to leave, these women formed a prayer union. They met ican Bible Society, commenting on the twice a week in the little community sale of 4,000,000 copies of the Scrip- church, and prayed earnestly for the tures in China in a year, says: "The peace of their country, for the triumph majority of Chinese are not personally of Christianity, and for the return of vitally interested in the world-stirring

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

events that have been taking place. in Mongolia before he founded the Millions are not intelligently aware of' Peking Medical College, now conducted these events. A way from the main by the Rockefeller Foundation, said arteries of trade and the large com- that there is an area of 3,000,000 mercial and political centers, the vast square miles with a population of 47,- argicultural and laboring population 000,000 people, practically unevan- is neither anti-Christian nor anti-for- gelized. There is a handful of mis- eign. There is, however, a steadily de- sionaries in Mongolia, a few Swedes veloping interest in larger spheres of in Turkestan and two British men life. There is a steadily growing missionaries at Urumchi. Miss Ra- reading pUblic. And there is an ever- chel Wingate, who is connected with widening Christian sphere of influ- the Swedish Mission, is the only Brit- ence. So, when the paid colporteur or ish woman worker. This is all in the the voluntary lay worker comes into great land bounded by India, Afghan- village or market place with the istan, Russia, Siberia and China.

bright-covered little gospel, he re- Miss Mildred Cable also spoke at the ceives a cordial welcome and his books meeting. She and her two compan- are more than ever in demand." ions were the first white women to make the adventurous journey across Chinese Ways of Worship the desert of Gobi and Turkestan to AN ARTICLE in The Green Year, the Siberian border. They found .f. published by the Y. W. C. A. of there among the Nogai tribe the de- China, tells of a Christian group in scendants of the Hungarian women Shanghai which meets every Sunday taken back to Central Asia by the evening and is experimenting in try- Mongol invaders of the Middle Ages.

ing to find Chinese forms for Chris- tian worship, including a ritual for JAPAN-KOREA taking communion. The article continues: "A student secretary comes Spiritual Hunger in Japan in from Canton telling of the Sunset Service held each week at Lingnan T HIS past year in Japan, reports University, when candles and incense Miss Grace Hereford, of Osaka, interpret Christian communion with has been one of restlessness, of dissat- God in a Chinese pattern. From the isfaction with things as they are, and north come similar tales of new ex- consequently, a year of opportunities periments among sensitive and rever- for work for Christ. Homes are beent young Chinese Christians. One ing opened to those who will enter and of the newest Chinese hymnals in- teach, because parents realize the dancludes several hymns based on Chi- gers of the age for their young peonese music. Now and then we hear ple, and having found all else to fail, of the conducting of the marriage are eager to "try" Christianity. This service in forms more suitable to Chi- new attitude is evidenced by the spenese thought. The Chinese Christian cial evangelistic meetings that have Church, which for years has been try- been held during the year in most of ing to break through the limits of the churches of the city, in many of imported forms of worship, is begin- the Christian schools in that section ning to create its own ways of seek- of the country, and in the Osaka City ing followship with God." Hall. These meetings have drawn crowds and many inquirers and ad- ditions to the church have resulted.

Central Asia Unevangelized Miss Hereford quotes a woman evan- .tT A meeting in London which had gelist as saying: .f. as its subject the challenge which The women of Japan are reaching out Central Asia offers to the Christian more and more for the knowledge of the Church, Dr. Thomas Cochrane, editor love of God: there is a heart-hunger and of World Dominion, and a missionary searching that I have never seen before in the many years I have been working. 5

A Christian Wedding Enough the actual clinical application of medi- cine, especially in connection with mod- T HE bride in a recent wedding in ern hospitalization and nursing, has Japan was a graduate of a Baptist never been developed as in Western mission school, and the groom a countries, and is still far below the best teacher. Both insisted on having a modern standards. Christian wedding. The parents understood their feeling, but fearing the Boys' Brass Band Draws Crowd opposition of the large number of Buddhist relatives, gave their consent PRESBYTERIAN workers in Syenonly on condition that after the Chris- chun, Korea, took advantage of the tian (;eremony they should be married evangelistic opportunity offered by a according to Japanese custom. The large industrial and agricultural ex- hibit recently held there. A small Christian marriage service was held brass band in the boys' academy made a circuit of the business block every in the groom's home with relatives of evening and large crowds of curious people fell in behind them both bethe bride and groom present. At the cause of the attraction of the novelty and to see what they were "advertiscompletion of the Christian wseernvticte~ ing." As they turned into the gate of the members of both families the court yard at the end of their cir- cuit the crowds followed. Workers the bride's home for the Japanese cer- were outside the gate also to encour- age the timid ones to enter. These emony. Everything was ready, the crowds stood every evening for two hours or more listening to the preachgUEsts were waiting, when the head of ing of the Gospel. At the six preach- ing stations about 30,000 tracts and the relatives arose and said "For the penny Gospels were distributed.

nrst time I' have witnessed a Chris- tian wedding. After such a beautiful, solemn ceremony I feel no other is needed." All the relatives agreed, and the family proceeded at once to the wedding feast.

Nurses' Traihing in Japan Korean Leaders in Training T HE first college of nursing in REV. T. STANLEY SOLTAU Japan now is operating at St. writes from Chungju, Korea: Luke's International Hospital, carried "On my first visit to one village four on in Tokyo by the Protestant Epis- years ago (it was the first time that copal Church, as the result of a recent a foreign missionary had been there decision of the Educational Ministry to hold a service) I stood in a dark to raise the status of that school. The ?orner o.f a room with my head bumpdecision of the Government to recog- mg agamst the ceiling, and preached nize St. Luke's institution as the first while peeping over the top of a sheet college of its kind in the Empire prob- which had been stretched across the ably will make that school the basis room to prevent the men from seeing for the education of a modern nursing the women. Small boys squatted on staff throughout Japan. It is the first the floor between my legs and a few time that the Government has recog- interested men stood outside the door. nized the necessity for authorizing a That house is now a very satisfactory nursing school of any kind. The church building, and from that little 'Course of study is for three years, and church have come out three of the one year extra for those taking spe- most promising young men that we cial higher training. No girl is ad- have in the whole province, all of mitted without a high-school diploma. whom eventually hope to go into the Dr. R. B. Tesuler, head of the hospital, ministry. Two of them are now consays: ducting little schools and acting as leaders in other churches at a barely The professional qualifications of the living wage, rather than accept a rephysicians of Japan are on a par with spectable salary and go into governthe most advanced scientific and academic work anywhere in the world, but

1928J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment service where their Christian and compulsory vaccination is strictly influence cannot count for so much." enforced. There is no prohibition question in Davuilevu. It must be Christian Literature in Korea settled outside the town. Every stu- AFTER a careful survey of the books dent who seeks citizenship in this re- .tl. and magazines now available in markable town must certify that, for the Korean language today, Rev. W. him, liquor and tobacco are taboo."

M. Clark, D.D., writes: "The Korean people are largely voiceless so far as Medical Service by Aeroplane important literary contributions in AN INTERESTING extension of the their own language is concerned. Indeed, we are almost tempted to won- .tl. inland mission work in South der whether, without the help of the comparatively large mass of Chris- Australia has been reported; namely, tian books and especially of the trans- the establishment of an aerial medical lation of the Bible into the vernacular, service for the benefit of people in the Korean language would survive "the never-never land." Operations very much longer as a medium of lit- are to begin on April 1st, but already erary expression. Perhaps the Bible the doctor has had the opportunity of in Korean is destined to have the same testing the efficacy of his plane by conserving force for the Korean lan- bringing in a patient with a broken guage that Luther's translation of the back who otherwise could not have Bible into German had for literary been moved. The aeroplane is fitted German-and this in spite of literary up as an ambulance, and in addition defects in the present translation. to the pilot there is accommodation Even non-Christian educated Koreans for doctor, nurse, and one patient. often freely acknowledge the debt that Wireless is to be used where there is Korean language and literature owe no telegraph or telephone. "The virto Christianity." The Christian Lit- tue of the service," comments the erature Society is almost the sole Record of the United Free Church of source of Christian books in Korea. Scotland, "will be to give the lonely settlers a sense of security and elimi- nate that feeling which is so often a terror. 'What will happen if-?'

ISLANDS OF THE SEA This kind of service is the first that Educational Center in Fiji has been undertaken in any country."

AUSTRALIAN Methodists conduct ft missionary work in the Fiji Is- The Future Filipino Church R lands, and in one town, Davuilevu, are EV. E. K. HIGDON, a Manila pastor, now acting president of a teacher-training school, a theological school and other educational insti- the union theological seminary in that tutions. Christopher Sharp writes of city, writes: "In the Philippine Is- the town: "Education was never in lands, the native Christian is given closer alliance with the soil than it is opportunity to bring his religious at Davuilevu. Every student, and genius to bear on the task of estab- dozens of them are married, with lishing the Church of his Lord in the families, must grow his own food. In land he loves. To this undertaking he fact, the maintenance of the food sup- brings many of the Christian virtues ply is the supreme civic problem: No developed to a remarkable degree.

food, no school. All are bound to Reverence, hospitality, liberality, fam- share in such necessary town work as ily solidarity-these are everyday the maintenance of roads and bridges demonstrations of practical Chris- and drains, the care of buildings and tianity which all fair-minded foreign- grounds. A native medical practi- ers recognize in the Filipino. This is tioner and a nurse attend to the health the stuff from which the future of the town. Every year there is a Church is being built. The future of wholesale inoculation against typhoid, the Church in the Philippines will be

determined by Filipino and American which the undergraduates of Drew Christians working together. They Theological Seminary and the Boston supplement and complement each other University School of Theology are also in a serious endeavor to understand to be given an opportunity to sign. It the mind of Jesus and to perfect a reads in part: type of institution that will best enable the heart and will of Christ to Be it Resolved, function in the individual and collec- 1. That the General Conference aptive life." point a commission to consider organic union with other denominations; Industrial Training in Papua 2. That the General Conference ex- tend to the Congregational Church, to I NDUSTRIAL or technical training the Presbyterian Church in the United has long been considered by the States, to the Presbyterian Church in the London Missionary Society an essen- United States of America, to the Methotial part of its work in New Guinea. dist Episcopal Church, South, and to any At Isuleilei, Fife Bay, writes C. F. other denomination desiring seriously to Rich, "the work, however, has always consider organic church union, an invitabeen hampered by want of equipment, tion to choose like commissions respecbuildings, and time, on the part of the tively; and missionary with multifarious duties, 3. That from the commissions thus to give to the teaching. There have chosen a joint commission be formed for been about a hundred boys and girl& the purpose of recommending to the parwaiting for this teaching, all splendid ticipating churches for their constitumaterial for a technical school." The tional action a definite plan of organic Government, which has recently been union. introducing more training of this type into its own schools, sent a technical Bible Reading -in Public Schools school expert to examine the work being done at this mission station, and, T EN states by law require Bible as a result of his report offered £700 reading in the schools. Seven speto build and equip a proper technical cifically permit Bible reading. In school, and offered further to pay the twenty-three states Bible reading is salary of a qualified instructor to take permitted under general terms of the charge of it. Mr. Rich says: law or by reason of failure to refer to it. Bible reading is not permitted A saw-mill was installed first, and under the present interpretation of with it all wood, used in the construction the state constitution or statutes in of the school proper, has been cut. Boat- eight states. This summary of the building and repairing is perhaps the present status of the Bible in the most useful department of the school. schools is based upon data furnished Many Papuans own small boats. To the by the United States Bureau of Edu- Fife Bay School they may bring their cation. The number of states which boats, and have them set in order by require Bible reading in the schools Papuans, at a price well within their is increasing. Four years ago the reach. Shortly after the opening of the bureau published a bulletin outlining school a government schooner was sent the legal status of the Bible in the for repair, and the Director of Works schools. Since that time four states professed himself as more than satisfied Maine, Delaware, Kentucky and Idaho, with the character of the work done. have passed laws requiring Bible reading.

NORTH AMERICA Religious Education Foundation Students Seek Church Union ARECENTLY-inCOrporated bod Y with this name is sponsored by .cDRACTICALLY the entire student the Federal Council of Churches and body of Garrett Biblicai Institute the International Council of Religious at Evanston, Illinois, has signed a me- Education, and its purpose is to act as morial which is to be presented at the a central clearing-house for funds doforthcoming General Conference of nated for the dissemination of rethe Methodist Episcopal Church, and

ligious information. It is intended to the missionary in charge, holds welldo for Protestant religious education attended street meetings and factory what the Federation for the Support meetings, and distributes gospel litof Religious Philanthropic Societies erature from house to house. does for Jewish charity, and what the Congregation for the Propagation of Forty Years at Anvik, Alaska Faith does for Catholicism. The trustees are all business men who have T HE mission of the Protestant Episbeen active in church organizations. copal Church at Anvik, Alaska, has The secretary of the Foundation is completed the fortieth year of service Hugh S. Magill, general secretary of to the people. Rev. John Wight Chapthe International Council of Religious man, D.D., missionary in charge dur- Education. One of the trustees is ing that entire period, writes: "Poquoted as follows: lygamy, which was recognized and had something of a foothold, has disap- The need has been felt for a long time peared, and the institution of Christian for those interested in religion and re- marriage has entirely supplanted the ligious education to make their gifts former system of loose relationships. cover a broad field rather than some This has resulted, in many instances, particular denomination. Because of the in preserving the family life. Very lack of such an organization, many gifts few have been deprived of the Holy have gone elsewhere. Communion for practices unworthy of Christian character. Many whose The Religious Education Foundation, light does not shine brightly have been will, therefore, aid greatly the work of borne with and some who have been the denominational agencies by distrib- deprived have been restored. With uting to them, in due proportion and con- few exceptions, the people among whom sidering the wishes of the donor, these we live have been baptized and have resources which would otherwise have had their children baptized. The been lost. school has been, undoubtedly, a great help to the people. The boys and girls Southern Methodist Jubilee who have been with us in the past are now scattered far and wide and are THE Woman's Missionary Society making good records." of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is celebrating this year its Church Gro",th in Wyoming fiftieth Anniversary. This society has done a notable work for Christ DURING the two years that Rev. and humanity, at home and abroad. A. O. Browne, D.D., has been pas- Cuban Children in Florida tor of the Midwest Parish in Wyom- ing there have been fourteen hundred FOR a number of years there have accessions to the church. The major- lived in one section of West Tampa, ity have come, the records show, on Florida, eight thousand Spanish- confession or reaffirmation of faith. speaking people who are employed in When Dr. Browne entered the field the the cigar factories. They have, as a membership was twenty-seven. Midclass, apparently broken away from west is the center and heart of a disthe Roman Catholic Church and from trict covering six hundred square all other religious influences. As a miles, extending from a great electric rule, both parents work during the power plant on the north to the celeday and the children would be left to brated Teapot Dome on the south. their own devices, if it were not for Scattered throughout the field are the Latin American Institute, a Con- forty or fifty oil camps, villages of gregational mIssIOnary enterprise. from fifty to five hundred persons. There is a day school, which is very About 15,000 people live in this diswell attended, a kindergarten: Sun- trict, Midwest itself having a populaday services are held regularly; there tion of 5,000. The Presbyterian is a good and growing Sunday-school. The people are interested because their children are, and Rev. Carl H. Corwin,

Church, by allocation .of the Home prior to union, were Presbyterian. In Missions Council of Wyoming, is the such churches women were ineligible only church on the field. to election as members of Session.

Christian Japanese Students LATIN AMERICA AMONG the activities carried on by A Porto Rican Woman's Gift ft the Japanese Students' Christian AGIFT of nine dollars, token of gratitude of a poor Porto Rico Association in America are two pub- woman for hospital treatment many lications, New Japan, a bi-monthly years ago, was recently received by magazine edited by students, and the the Presbyterian Hospital; San Juan, Student Bulletin, 3,000 copies of which Porto Rico. It was delivered by the are distributed free to all Japanese woman's husband, the woman herself students and their friends, both Amer- having died seven years ago. She had ican and Japanese, in America and in been a patient in a ward, and when Japan. It is the only English pub- sent home, had gone with a grateful lication which every month reaches heart for the care she had received. every Japanese student in North When some time later she died, she America. The J. S. C. A. both or- exacted of her husband the promise ganizes its own conferences and co- which has just been fulfilled. "With operates with American agencies to a part of the money," says Miss Jeninvite Japanese students to such gath- nie Ordway, superintendent of the erings as the student summer con- hospital, "we purchased Bibles for the ferences and the Detroit Convention. new class of nurses which entered in It also renders many practical serv- September. The rest will go toward ices to Japanese students who need buying Spanish tracts for use in the help and advice along various lines. hospital."

Women in the Canadian Church A Mexican Kindergartener ACOMMITTEE of the Un i ted MRS. W. A. ROSS, of the Southern Church of Canada which has been Presbyterian Church, thus deconsidering the question of the posi- cribes a Mexican young woman whom tion of women in church organization, she found in charge of a government has now recommended "that the dia- kindergarten in the city of Cuernaconate of women be recognized by the vaca, held in what had been formerly United Church as an order of the min- the house of a bishop but which had istry, with authority to perform such been taken over by the Federal Govpastoral duties as may be required, ernment: "This simpatica senorita and in particular to teach, to preach smiled as she told us that she had 114 and, where necessary, to baptize." children on her roll, with an average Also that, "Women, manifestly called attendance of seventy-five, and she the of God and adequately trained, be or- only teacher. She taught, she sang, dained to this office." It is further she played the piano, she was nurse, announced that if this should become she served the lunch, she taught unthe law of the Canadian Church, the til five in the afternoon. (In Mexico name of deaconess will in the future children go to school from early mornbe conferred only upon those who, ac- ing until late in the day.) Then she cording to this plan shall be ordained would go on Sunday to the prison and to the diaconate. The committee fur- teach the poor prisoners to read. She ther recommends that no action be said, 'I do this not for money but for now taken toward the ordination of love of country and God. I am a child women to the "ministry of the Word of the Sierra. I was poor, but I was and Sacraments." One of the un- fortunate to receive this training and solved problems in the United Church now my one desire is to help the unrelates to the place of women in local fortunate ones of my beloved patria.' " church government of churches which,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Teaching Yucatan Indians Ecuador Bans Only Priests R A EV. J. T. MOLLOY, D.D., who NEWS item in the January RE- rep res e n t s the Presbyterian VIEW told of a law in Ecuador Church (U. S. A.) in the peninsular which, according to the Latin Ameri- province of Yucatan, Mexico, writes can Evangelist, forbade the entrance of his work: "The Bible Training into that country of "ministers of any School takes up our best efforts, for denomination." The latter paper has the training of native workers is a now published a letter from Rev. W.

matter of first importance, but we E. Reed of Ecuador, part of which have many other forms of work. reads as follows: Forty-eight points in Yucatan and A law has been on the statute books Campeche were visited last year, some for a quarter of a century prohibiting of them many times. Maya Indians the immigration of foreign relilJiosos. form eighty-five per cent of the popu- The Government has had to strengthen lation of the Peninsula. Weare for- this law from time to time because of tunate that some of our best student- conspiracies involving the Roman Cathpreachers are Mayas and can give the olic Church which are traced to some for- Gospel to their people in their own eign ecclesiastics. The recent restatelanguage. One of these students was ment of the law took place after an aborformerly a very 'bad Indian,' but im- tive revolutionary movement in which mediately on his conversion began this class of foreigners was involved. It preaching to his people in his home is true that the law does not mention town. He and his wife are making the Catholic Church. but it refers inheroic sacrifices to enable him to work variably to men who have taken monashis way through the Bible Training tic vows and wear the garb of a priestly order. The missionary who comes with- out such vows and dress simply to prop- agate ideas is not classified as an ecclesi- astic or religioso. Being a man free to School." marry, rear children and be a good citi- zen in general who obeys the law and Walks Twenty Miles for a Sermon asks no special favors, he is not looked upon with disfavor. ONE of the greatest sources of en- couragement to Dr. Hardie and Protestant Teachers in Chile Rev. J. R. Woodson, Southern Presbyterian missionaries in the state of ONE result of the separation of Minas, Brazil, as they go on their long Church and State in Chile is thus trips visiting the fields is the eager- described by a missionary there: "The ness of the people to hear the Gospel. Government has decided not to pay Sometimes they will preach two or the priests who used to go into all the three times a day for several days in schools to give religious instruction, succession in different houses through but any priest who cares to give such the country. Many of the people will instruction voluntarily may have the follow them around for two or three use of the classrooms to teach those days, walking long distances. One who care to attend. Some of the Protman in the Carmo congregation walks estant leaders went to the President about ten miles to attend church when and asked him if equal privileges there is preaching. After the serv- would be given to the Protestants if a ices, he returns home, walking twenty sufficient number of pupils in a school miles in one day to hear a sermon. should ask them to come and teach Not long ago a man found himself them. The reply was a most emphatic four miles from the house where the affirmative."

midweek prayer meeting is held, half an hour before the hour to begin. EUROPE Knowing that he could not walk and Livingstone Memorial in Scotland R reach there in time, he ran the four EFERENCE was made in the RE- VIEW in November, 1926, to the miles in order not to be late to prayer meeting. plans for a Scottish national memorial

to David Livingstone at his early Evangelical Work in France home in Blantyre, near Glasgow. A TWENTY-THREE years ago Monrecent report describes the purchase sieur and Madame Henri Contesse, of the house in which he was reared, the latter a descendant of an old and the adjoining wooded park and Hugenot family, founded a magazine, river bank where he played as a boy. La Bonne Revue, which is said to be It is proposed to restore the house to the largest and best-known evangeliits original state as of 1813-30, and to cal paper in France, going to all parts make some necessary interior adjust- of the world where the French lanments in it and its neighbor. These guage is spoken. They have been livwhen completed will form a perma- ing for several years in Digne, in nent home for personal relics of Liv- southeastern France, the capital city' ingstone. Many such relics are read- of the department of the Bassesily available now which another gen- Alpes, and a Roman. Catholic strongeration will probably see scattered be- hold. A large number of souls have yond recovery. Another exhibit will been won for Christ; a chapel has show the vast developments in Africa been built, and each year a Bible conwhich followed Livingstone's dramatic ference is held where Christians from discoveries-panoramic scenes, relics, all over France gather for a week's maps, pictures, models. In these instruction in the Word of God. Anplans the missionary and geographical other feature of the work is the dissocieties have undertaken to cooper- tribution of the Scriptures and Scripate. The total sum considered neces- ture portions by a colporteur. An sary, including an endowment for evangelical hospital is now being built, maintenance is £12,000, and interested and an American committee is asking Americans are asked to send 'cheir for contributions to complete it. contributions to J. MacGregor Hart, 142 St. Vincent St., Glasgow, Scot- Czechoslovakian Protestants land. PRESIDENT MASARYK of the re- Gennan. Mission GroU'"th public of Czechoslovakia is quoted T HE work of the German mission by The Lutheran as authority for the societies has grown rapidly ever statement that 724,507 citizens have since their former fields have been re- left the Roman Catholic Church since the establishment of that republic. opened to them; but the strength does More than a half million of these have not seem to keep step with its growth. joined various Protestant churches, There are now less than half the which today total 990,319 members. number of missionaries who were at It is also reported from Czechoslowork before the war, and two-thirds vakia that the seminary course for as many native helpers, but the in- ministerial candidates has been increase of converts amounts to one- creased from four years to five years fourth. The expenses equal four- by the theological faculties at Prague fifths of the amounts expended before and OImuetz. This extension of the the war, while the income is only course has been particularly in order three-fifths of the amounts raised to emphasize sociology and philosophy, then. The total deficit of the GeTman subjects in which it is believed all fumission societies is now about one mil- ture pastors should be proficient. lion gold marks. There are at pres- ent 1,155 German missionaries at work in 535 stations and in 2,717 N eU'" Protestants in Poland A schools of primary grade and 80 N INTERESTING and significant movement is going on among the higher schools there are enrolled 160,- 000 pupils. Twenty-four medical mis- Ruthenian-speaking people in Galicia, sionaries and 100 sisters are at work Southern Poland, who belong to the in 25 hospitals. Un i a t or Greek-Catholic Church.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

From Galicia considerable numbers some emigrant newspapers we have emigrate to Canada and the United printed whole page sermons at re- States, and there they have come un- duced advertising rates. Lack of der Presbyterian influences. Some re- funds and proper helpers has preventturned to their native land, carrying ed us from doing more." with them the fire of the Reformed faith; many have responded to the AFRICA preaching of the Gospel. The result is that Protestant congregations have An Egyptian Convert's Trials been formed in at least seven towns. At one place this year 200 adults, and DR. MORDEN H. WRIGHT writes at another 150 came out for Protes- from Cairo of an engineer emtantism. "Unfortunately," says The ployed in a government survey depart- Record of the United Free Church of ment who wished to become a Chris- Scotland, "differences appeared in re- tian. When his father found it out, gard to Presbyterian and Lutheran he beat him; his eldest brother did forms of worship, but under the ad- the same. He was then reported to vice and influence of others the new the headman in the village, and the converts are drawing together under head of the district. Both beat him the united Protestant Church in Ga- till he dropped. The chief of the policia in order to face the countermin- lice in that district put him in prison, ing efforts of the Roman Catholic and went into the cell every few minclergy. There is much need for the utes and said, "Do you still want to larger churches to rally behind these become a Christian?" His answer Ruthenian Protestants and aid them was "Yes" each time, and each time in their great task." he was beaten, until finally he fell un- conscious. He was rescued from Needs ot Educated Russians prison, as his imprisonment was against the law, and every day one of REV. WM. FETLER asks for help the Christians accompanies him to and in the evangelization of the from his work and stays beside him higher classes of Russians, "that part during office hours. He was expelled of Russia which is scattered all over from his father's house, none of his the world." He says: "If we reach relatives will even speak with him, and them now in their forced exile and all are waiting for an opportunity to their humiliation and need, we have kill him. every reason to believe that we shall have reached a great part of the Colportage hy Autoznohile 'higher' Russia, when these refugees will one day return home to their in- H H. MERCER, of the Egypt Genheritance. And return they surely • eral Mission, writes of a trip will. With the several millions of con- through three Egyptian provinces verts among the lower peasant classes which he took recently, in company of Russia, the need is, and will be, for with two other missionaries, in an leaders, teachers and more experi- automobile: "We took several thouenced brethren. Among the convertfd sand Scripture portionettes, a free Russian refugees, most of whom are grant from the Nile Mission Press. of the educated classes, the so-called In the seventy miles or so of road we 'intelligentsia,' we shall be able to re- covered we rarely struck a hundred cruit our evangelists and teachers. yards devoid of human life, and out of As yet, but very little has been done the thousands of portionettes of God's for the Russian emigrants and ref- Word distributed, I think I can safely ugees. We have had some meetings say not one was lost. Looking back for them in Berlin, Warsaw, Riga, and along the road from the car, one saw Paris. Some literature and Bibles men descending from high up on have been spread amonJl,' them. In camels and getting off donkeys, and even in one case a bus stopped, and a boy was sent to pick up the 'Good

News.' To supply the pedestrians, in How Sudanese Christians Pray many cases our trouble was we couldn't discharge our ammunition REV. P. J. SMITH, missionary of quickly enough as the car sped on its the United Presbyterian Church way, and often there was a perfect in the Sudan, now on furlough, writes: scramble in the middle of the road as "We are often put to shame by hear- to who would become the proud pos- ing the faith of the Nuer Christians . sessors. Egyptians even left their in their prayers, and the simple peti- work in the fields as they saw the tions of some of God's black children portionettes fluttering from the car." have many a time been a source of comfort to us …… Many of them AFRICA pray only for earthly things. Some few have got beyond this. They pray Slavery in North Africa fer their own hearts and the hearts of others, that they may be kept from T HE slave trade and the hunt for evil ways, and that Satan may not slaves are still carried on in the have power over them. Some are Sahara, South Morocco, South Trip- much concerned for their own people, oli, in the Libyan Oases, in Rio de and pray that they may know Christ. Oro, in the territory of the Senussi, Many of thEse Nuer Christians pray in Abyssinia and Liberia and in the for us missionaries, that God will Hedjaz (Arabia). This is in spite of guard us each day, and keep us, and European laws against slavery. There give us wisdom. One of the Chrisis still a great way to go before Africa tians has written to me since I arrived is civilized, and much further to go in America, 'I am praying for you, before the continent is Christian. and for the people of Jesus in your country.' " The Liberian Hinterland Record of Currie Institute REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON, As- sistant Foreign Secretary of the T HIRTY-TWO students were grad- Department of Missions of the Prot- uated last year from Currie Instiestant Episcopal Church, says of a sta- tute, a school of the American Board tion in Liberia which he visited on his at Don d i, west-central A f ric a. recent trip: "At Pandemai one felt Twenty of these students received offithe unspoiled dignity of the African. cial recognition in academic branches Here were the tribes that held some- by having passed the First-Grade exthing within them inexpressibly that amination. Six students who had alis uniquely creative and potential. ready passed the First Grade suc- Standing in their presence one under- ceeded in obtaining a Second-Grade stood why Bishop Payne had as far certificate. "This" says The Congreback as 1857 pressed for the money gationalist, "is a most gratifying and staff to go back into the interior, proof of the efficiency of the teachers and why his successors have ever at Currie Institute and of the steadtalked about the Hinterland and its fast devotion which they have given vast possibilities in human values for to. the pupils in their charge. The the Kingdom of God. At Pandemai phases of instruction particularly one lone clergyman, the Rev. James stressed last year were training in the Dwalu, has instituted and carried on carpenter shop, in masonry, building the mission. The daily program of construction, and tailoring. The stuthe boys' school indicates the vitality dents were highly enthusiastic over an and activity of the pupils. From the these things, reports Dr. William C. rising bell at five o'clock which sum- Bell, and took hold of the work with mons the boys to family prayers, down avidity. The result was that remarkto the signal for 'lights out' at half-' able progress was made. Mr. Bell past nine in the evening, each hour of pays a great tribute to the aid of nathe day is filled with work, worship or recreation."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tive workers. 'The work that has been the native church of these old people accomplished would have been impos- they said, 'Yes, many are beginning sible without the aid of the native to follow the Lord.' At a group meet- force employed,' he declares. 'More ing near the Nzoia River, an old man and more the Institute is relying upon stood and told of serving Jesus and trained native teachers and workmen of the joy and praise in his heart. He -the output of the Institute itself.' has brought other old men to the In Dondi the need of a farm, equip- meeting. At a monthly meeting at ment, livestock, and practical training Malava, an old man gave his heart to in the raising of crops is keenly felt." the Lord and now he and his wife, who was an old witch doctor, have for- Mission Schools in Tanganyika saken all their witchcraft and are get- ting other old people to become Chris- THE spirit of cooperation with edu- tians. Several old women are leaving cational missionaries in Africa re- their heathen customs and habits and cently shown by the British Govern- are following Jesus Christ." ment has, according to an Australian missionary of the C. M. S. in Berega, THE NEAR EAST "created a more friendly attitude on the part .of officials towards mission- Religious Freedom in Palestine ary work. It is being realized that after all the administrator and the REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S. missionary are striving for the same writes from the Holy Land: end-the uplift of the African people "New rules have been issued by the -though from different points of Government for the confession of view. The one cannot do the other's faith by converts from one religion to work, nor can either afford to be in- another. The regUlations under the dependent of the other. The people, former Turkish Government, which seeing that the mission schools are be- were very cumbersome and exacting, ing backed up by the Government, are though perhaps needful in former more ready to take advantage of the days, have been largely modified. An educational facilities offered. The opportunity is given to those who schools, therefore, have now a better have a real change of heart to give chance of taking their place as an up- their testimony without unfair and lifting influence in native life. It is undue restriction, and without the pera tremendous gain to have the Govern- secution that should not characterize ment officially recognizing the need a land where the promise of religious and importance of religious teaching freedom for all was given, when Lord in the schools and according it an AlIenby, having walked through the equal standing with secular subjects. Jaffa Gate, made the public declara- In view of these conditions, the need tion in the name of Britain and the for better trained African teachers Allies concerning the future of the has become intensified." Holy Land in religious, social and political affairs. This change causes African Old People Converted us much gratitude to God. It is worthy of remark that the Vatican is ARTHUR B. CHILSON writes from altering its attitude to Jewry and the American Friends' Mission in seeking to win the friendship of the Kenya Colony that for months he has people, as well as making strenuous been getting reports of old people be- efforts towards their conversion to ginning to attend school and services Rome." and of numbers who were being converted. He describes a meeting which Palestinian Moslem Converts he conducted at one of the out-stations, where several old men and wom- DURING the last fifty years or so a en accepted Christ as their personal little Christian congregation con- Saviour, and continues: "As I told nected with the Church Missionary Society has met Sunday by Sunday at

Shefamer, a village in Palestine. Re- great enterprise, to realize its highly cently a large number of Moslems- multiplied worth. Our first introducmembers of some forty families-has tion to those who had been rescued begun to go to church and to join in and trained by Near East Relief the Christians' worship. One Sunday workers was at a meeting of some thirty of these men waited for the fifty Armenian boys, organized into a clergyman after service, and told him young men's league, assembled in a that they wished to become Chris- modest yet substantial building for an tians. Seldom in the Moslem world, evening of social intercourse after the never in the history of modern mis- day's hard labors were over. They sions in Palestine, has there been such represented various trades and occua movement. A catechist and two pations. They are now self-supportwomen missionaries have gone to help ing, are concerned about the future of to prepare these inquirers for bap- their own race, and each one is eager tism and to teach others who may to make the largest possible contribucome forward. Those on the spot feel tion to his' day and generation. Their that this may be but the beginning of gratitude for what has been done on a great movement. Already there is their behalf, their response to the renews from another village of sixteen ligious appeals that are made and Moslems wishing to become Chris- their expressions of good will toward tians. our own nation were most reassuring and inspiring." New Persian Law Hurts Missions B_hdad Boys' Brotherhood AWIRELESS despatch February 6th from Teheran, Persia, to the T HE Brotherhood of the American New York Times stated that Ameri- School for Boys in Baghdad was can Presbyterian schools in the prov- organized two years ago. The pledge ince of Azerbaijan, at Tabriz and Uru- reads: mia had been closed pending the result of negotiations between Dr. Jor- I …… in joining this Society express dan, head of the mission in Teheran, a desire to cultivate the spirit of brothand the Persian authorities. Diffi- erhood; and promise, through God's culty in reaching a satisfactory agree- help, to live a life pleasing to Christ who ment was forseen, as the missions re- taught the true meaning of brotherhood; fuse to teach Moslem religious law or and agree to take an active part in the abstain from teaching the Bible in various activities of the Society. their schools, which are two of the main points in the new local law. The The first year about fifty signed the report of the closing of the mission pledge and joined the Society. In IiIchools in Urumia, Tabriz and Ram- 1926-1927 the enrollment went up to adan has not been confirmed. There nearly a hundred-all confined to the has been a change in the Persian Min- high school boys. It is significant to ister of Education. know that nearly all the Moslem boys took the pledge as well as a number Armenian "N. E. R. Graduates" of Jews. These non-Christian boys scarcely ever missed a devotional ON HIS way home from the Lau- meeting and some became very active. sanne Conference, Rev. J. Ross All the nawabs, or princes, were mem- Stevenson, D.D., President of Prince- bers and so also was the representaton Theological Seminary, visited va- tive of the Naqib family. The Shiah rious centers of Near East Relief boys from the Holy Cities became work, to which he pays high tribute. much interested, and to them the He says also: "But one needs to see teachings and principles of the Broththe beneficiaries themselves of this erhood meant a new life and a new world.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Spontaneous Expansion of the Church that the parish priests should not re- and the Causes Which Hinder It. Roland Allen. With Introduction by ceive foreign aid and that they should the Rt. Rev. V. S. Azariah, Bishop of Dornakal. London, The World Do- not be as far removed from the people minion Press. 1927. to whom they minister, as are some of Mr. Allen's views have long been the clergy whom we train today. known through his stimulating volume, "Missionary Methods: St. Paul's While Mr. Allen is writing prior Ours?" In this present work he has repeated and enlarged upon some of marily to Anglicans and from an them in a somewhat different form. In general, his thesis is that our pres- Anglican's viewpoint, his views will ent missionary methods fail to produce the spontaneous expansion of the prove stimulating to members of other Church and that by returning to some of the essential features that marked denominations. Whether one agrees the spread of the early Church we could expect much more rapid prog- or disagrees, the book cannot but be ress. He believes that we insist upon too thorough learning of the creeds an incentive to further thinking. The and on too much education as a prerequisite to baptism and the com- conditions which confront the Church munion. He thinks that we must have more confidence in the converts and on mission fields today are rather diftrust the Spirit to guide them into fuller knowledge. He believes, too, ferent from those which St. Paul that we place too much emphasis upon converts living up to our moral codes faced. Present-day methods, imperinstead of permitting them to find in Christ a dynamic which will lead them fect as they are, may not be as faulty progressively to a higher level. He is convinced that we have over-stressed as they seem to be to many critics. missions and mission boards and that we have transferred to the field a type Let us hope that they will help to save of episcopacy and clergy which is ill adapted to the needs there. He con- the church in China and in India and tends that, instead of having bishops over large areas, we should, as in the in other fields, from many of the long early Church, have many bishops, each struggles over heresy and much of the corruption which was the fate of the Church in post-apostolic ages. The T'ai P'ing Rebellion is a most enlight- ening example of what can happen when believers, thoroughly sincere-at least at the beginning-lose contact with the older churches of the West and are given entirely free rein to work out their own beliefs and organ- izations. Not all completely independ- ent churches, of course, will follow in the steps of the T'ai P'ings, but some- thing can be said for the continued presence of the missionary and for the tutelage of the growing Church for a period of two or three genera- tions. K. S. LATOURETTE.

in charge of one or two villages, and An Explorer of Changing Horizons: Wilthat these men and their clergy should not necessarily be highly educated but 1w1eamll WEdilgsaorn.Gei3l7, 2F.pRp.G. .S$. 4. PhNileiwp WYohrikt- 1927. . should grow up out of the community itself. He holds that the bishops It is easy to grow enthusiastic as should not be paid by foreil(n funds. one reads this delightfully refreshing 333

book. It is unusual in many respects foreign fields. The present volume -full of variety and interests and contains articles on the missions of virile faith. The instinct of the Un- the Synod in different parts of the seen burned within him. A man of world, and many instructive articles, strong convictions, who lived largely, several interesting sketches, medita- he saw much that was out of the or- tions and some poems. The whole is dinary. There are two appeals in most beautifully illustrated. Some of this book: that of the popular evan- the articles are of real historical gelist working his way around the value. C. T. B.

world; and the explorer seeing things- as-they-are. The Church in the Changing City. Case William Edgar Geil visited Japan, studies illustrating adaptation. H. Paul Douglass. 453 pp. $4.00. New Korea, and Siberia, going up the York. 1927. Yangste, traversing Burma, India, tramping across Equatorial Africa; These "case studies" are surveys of he spent months in Palestine, Syria, the work in twenty-six large city and on the Isle of Patmos, seeking to churches, sixteen of them intensive get into the atmosphere of New studies, the purpose being to show how they have adapted their building Testament conditions. The book is crowded with facts, in- and program to changed surroundings. cidents, and experiences. Those who These churches, in thirteen cities and like "Trader Horn" will enjoy this seven denominations, were chosen besaner work still more. Everywhere cause they had met their problems Dr. Geil went he saw opportunities for with originality and distinction. They the Gospel. He describes Christian have extensive "plants and equipworship on mission fields as he ob- ment" and staffs of paid workers, and served it, and attempts to portray the are continuing in efficiency amid mind of the native peoples. His life "such changes of fortune as often dewas a "spiritual quest for the under- stroy city churches." The volume conlying Something that, once recognized, tains a large number of survey maps, would hold all people together in the pictures and statistics. consciousness of a common origin, Mr. Douglas, the author also of spiritual life, and destiny." As a sym- "The Springfield Church Survey," pathetic and serious interpreter of the and "The St. Louis Church Survey," varied civilizations of the world he was formerly in Y. M. C. A. work, deserves a hearing from the thought- and was with the Inter-Church World Movement. This book is the fourth ful. JAMES F. RIGGS. of a series on urban religious life, The Missionary Calendar. Edited by the undertaken by the Institute of Social Educational Committee of the Augus- and Religious Research.

tana Foreign Mission Society. 156 pp. The author develops an "hypothesis"

Rock Island. 1927. as to the relation of institutional de- This beautifully gotten-up volume velopment to the pressure of environ- is the year book of the Augustana ment, viz.: that this exceptional pres- Foreign Missionary Society, which sure may be expected to result in "in- was originally a student society at stitutional evolution on the part of the the Seminary of the Augustana Synod Protestant Church." He seems to us at Rock Island. Unlike most other to make the mistake of studying the associations. those who once enrolled Church as though it were simply a retain their membership after leaving human institution, not making allow- the seminary and thus the year book ance for the power of the Holy Spirit serves as a bond between those at the in the body of Christ. He seems not institution and those who have gone to recognize the prime need of preach- out into the work of the church, ing the Gospel of personal salvation many of whom are now serving in or to appreciate the work of churches

BOOKS WORTH READING

that choose not to introduce expensive the prevailing conditions, but the mil- lions more in the outlying districts social work and yet are truly wit- that look to the village for leadership. Of special value is the chapter on the nessing to Christ with the result that Church in the Village. One is shocked to read that the average number of men are saved. In his introduction, churches in these small communities is five or six, and that there are sixty he refers to such churches, saying that of these villages that can boast of from seven to fifteen religious groups. they fix attention upon "subjective ex- Rivalry rather than cooperaation is often the result. The united church perience," and the "end of the world," movement has not progressed very far, but it has made its beginning, and have an "extreme theology." The and it is arousing much interest in many of the communities. It is a disbook has value to these who like to tinctly hopeful feature, which may lead to a solution of many of the presstudy religion scientifically, but pre- ent village church problems.

sents a one-sided view as to what con- R. M. LABAREE.

stitutes the work of the Christian Das Werden der Christlichen Kirche in China. (The Growth of the Christian Church, and has no conclusion other Church in China.) By Prof. Dr. Julius Richter, of the University of than that already stated. F. L. Berlin. 584 pp. E. Bertelsmann in Guetersloh. 1928. Village Communities. Edmund deS. Brun- ner. 12 mo. 244 pp. $2.25. New Prof. Dr. Julius Richter's ambitious York. plan to write a worth-while history of Protestant Missions has led him to This is the fifth and last of a series publish four great books, one on each of studies, made by the Institute of of the main areas of our modern Social and Religious Research, of the foreign missionary enterprise: India, agricultural ,village and its com- the Near East, Africa and China. It munity in the United States. Accord- is a prodigious undertaking which reing to the U. S. census classification quires careful and exhaustive rea town is rather arbitrarily considered search, untiring literary effort and a place of 2,500 inhabitants or over. sound scholarship. There is every This investigation takes as its subject reason to believe that these books will the next smaller group, the village, remain authentic sources of informawhich covers any center from 250 to tion for many years to come. 2,500 inhabitants. There were in 1920 18,381 of these villages, most of This fourth volume, the history of which are agricultural in the sense Protestant Missions in China, is opthat they are located in farming dis- portune because China is at the turntricts and are the "service stations" ing point in her age-long history and, as a consequence, Christian Missions for the farmer. in China must begin a new period of The whole series is an earnest and adjustment and advance. Indeed, the events now transpiring indicate that much needed study of a very impor- Christianity is about to enter upon its tant section of our population. This third great era, the first of which was volume, like its predecessors, is ex- influenced by the culture of the lands ceedingly well done. It tries to sum- which surround the Mediterranean marize the findings of the investiga- Sea, and the second by that of the tions published in the earlier volumes; lands which border on the Atlantic and it gives to us a picture of the general economic, educational, health, religious and social life of the communities together with their influence upon the surrounding country. The summary is followed by a more detailed survey of eight typical villages.

There can be no doubt about the importance of the study. "Rural Protestantism is being more and more organized about the village." Not only are the millions of people living in the villages themselves affected by

Ocean. The third era will witness the its place with those of the Greek, Christianization of the most ancient the Roman, the German and other culture of the Far East on the other churches?

side of the Pacific Ocean. "We who write the history of Mis- Dr. Richter brings his history up to sions are placed in the unfortunate or, the year 1922, but, despite his justi- shall we say, fortunate position of see- fiable omission of detailed references ing current events transpiring, which to more recent events, he has written call for revisions immediately after an up-to-date book. After an inter- we have finished our manuscript; esting opening chapter on ancient but we know that we have described China he describes the beginnings of a growing thing, and it is our joy to Christian Missions in that land. Here see and to show how good and how as elsewhere in his book he gives full rapid the growth is. Therefore we credit to the work of Roman Catholic humbly retire into the background and missionaries. The significance of the reverently observe how, despite human Opium War, the Taiping rebellion, the mistakes, the Spirit of God continues treaties with China, the Boxer upris- to operate and to create what is good ing, the influence of Western civiliza- in the hearts of men and nations.

tion, is clearly shown in relation to "Will it serve any useful purpose to the misllionary movement. There is predict the future of Christianity in a very illuminating chapter on the China? The history of Nestorianism, Republic of China and then the author of the missions of the Franciscans and turns to an extended review of mis- Jesuits on the one hand. and on the sionary work in each of the provinces. other hand, of Buddhism and Islam, This covers one hundred and ninety- lead us to certain conclusions on the two pages and reveals the remarkable basis of which we might attempt to ability of Dr. Richter as an historian. prophesy. But if our major premise The closing chapter seeks to interpret is correct, namely that in China we events since 1922, with special refer- are about to enter upon a new era of ence to Christian Missions. We give exceptional events in the history of a free translation of a part of the Christianity, then all comparisons closing paragraphs of this splendid with past history are useless, as they, study of Chinese Christianity: indeed, have proven to be in proph- "The new day in China, whose dawn ecies of the development of the Church we see, calls for cooperation between in our own land. In the pages of this Mission and Church. Will sending book we have striven to let facts speak Christendom continue to cherish its for themselves. At the close we do loving interest in China and sacrifice not wish to let any Fata Morgana demen and money for the Church in ceive us. To God belongs the Orient, China, even though the supervision of to God belongs the Occident. The work passes into Chinese hands? Will Prince of Peace holds in His hands the young Chinese Church permit the the ends of the earth."

foreign colaborers, their fathers in GEORGE DRACH.

Christ, that freedom of thought and work which alone can help it to solve "Der Islam als Religion" (Islam as Reits problems? What form of organization will be acceptable and satisfy ligion). Professor Dr. Julius Richter. the urgent desire of Chinese Chris- 162 pp. Mark 1.80. Guelle & Meyer Leipzig, Germany. 1927. '

tians for church union? Will the The author is one of the outstand- Chinese Church cease to be an ecclesi- ing missionary authorities of Europe astical colony of the Christian Occi- and to all who read German will find dent and will it have sufficient strength this volume a brief and popular but as a spiritual force to develop a thorough, reliable presentation of the Chinese Christianity which shall take subject. DANIEL BURGH ALTER.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1928

1'19

McCutcheon's R…etnil headquarters for Liberty of London THE FAMOUE:. English firm, Liberty & Co., is constantly sending us new and lovely things. Smart new designs in printed fabrics, more and more distinctive Scarfs and a large collection of Liberty's novelties for gifts await your selection.

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Ple.l. mention Tlu! MIBBIONABY REvmw 011' THIll WORLn In writing to advertise…. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor MARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FRONTISPIECE-A NEW TYPE OF MISSIONARY TO MEXICO-COL. 181 CHAS. A. LINDBERGH. 182 187 MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING-Quotations from March- 194 April REVIEW, 1878 ………………………………….. 195 198 THE STRUGGLE IN MEXICO IN 1927 …………. S. H. CHESTER 204 207 AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST, I. ………. ROBERT E. SPEER 212 213 A NATIONAL EVANGELICAL CHURCH FOR VENEZUELA …. 214 ………………………………….. . JOHN CHRISTIANSEN 219 CREATIVE'SERVICE IN PORTO RICO . . . . . . . . . . . ARTHUR JAMES 228 231 THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS, PAST, PRESENT AND FU- 234 TURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. M. SOMERNDIKE 253 MOTIVES AND MONEY FIFTY YEARS AGO …… HARRY MYERS UNITY AND COOPERATION IN PERSIA . . . . . . . . . . J. H. LINTON A CALL FOR PATIENCE WITH CHINA . . . . . . . . . LOGAN H. ROOTS ARCHDEACON KU CARRIES ON ………… ARTHUR T. POLHILL EDITORIALS ………………………………………….. OUR JURILEE AND ANNUAL MEETING COMPETITION OR COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS THE HOME MISSIONS CONFERENCE THE COMING JERUSALEM MEETING METHODS FOR WORKERS- WOMEN'S GmLDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANNA CANADA SWAIN WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …………………… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QmNLAN WOMEN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………… EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………………..

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TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBJlRT E. SPillER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice~Pre81dent DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer PUblicat~"a~ 0:m~e;. ~~P~. R~~:5gt:.,y!!.~~r!sbUrg, Editorial and B~~~S~t?rrc~ll:U Filth Avenue, Entered as second·class matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONAL W. J. WANLESS, M.D., missionary Provide for Your Wife of the Presbyterian Church in Miraj, Is she accustomed to business Western India since 188~1 received a matters? knighthood in the New .rear Honors conferred by King George. The hos- If not, the care of property, inve.t. pital and medical school of which he ments of in.urance and conservation is the head are famous in India. The of your estate may be a real burden. only other missionary in India to have been knighted was also an American Crooked promo~ers take advantage of EPrweisnbgy,tePrrieasnIzdethnet late Dr. J . C. R. inexperienced widows. Your life sav- Lahore. of Forman College, ings may b~ lost and your family come to want. This is impossible if you secure *** Life Annuity Agreements of the Mission Boards of the Methodist Episcopal REV. H. D. GRISWOLD, PH.D., of La- Church. hore, India, is now assisting Dr. Robert E. Speer in his correspondence, For Further information write: taking the place filled for a few months by Rev. Ralph Nesbitt, of the MorJ'ia W.Ehnea,Tr.asurer,_Bollld of Forei8n Punjab Mission, who has returned to Missions of the Melhodist Episcopal Church, 150 India. Filth AVenue; New_ Yorlt, N. Y., or *** W. J. Elli9tt,.Treasurer,Board 01 Home Missionl ad Church E",.,nsion of tile Merhodilt EpilCopai REV. F. G. DEIS has been elected a Church, 110 I. Aroh $t,reel, Philadelphia, Pa. secretary of the Field Department of the National Council of the Protestant YOUR GIFT Episcopal Church. Mr. Deis was a missionary -in the Hankow district, to Foreign Missions Will central China, from 1911 to 1923. PROTECT *** You Against Loss and PAY YOU REV. JAMES S. GALE, D.D., has AN INCOME FOR LIFE retired from active service after forty years as a Presbyterian (U. S. A.) Gifts amounting to over one million two missionary in Korea, and expects to hundred and fifty thousands of dollars are make his home in England. He is now held by the Board as a reserve fund the author of "Korean Sketches," guaranteeing annuity payments. Those who "The Vanguard" and other books on made these gifts are enjoying the absolute Korea. security of their principal, and receiving a definite income. *** You, too, can enj oy this same privilege, MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, President of receiving income at the rate of from the Council of Women for Home Missions, has gone to South America, as 4~% to 9% per year hostess of a party on a "World for the rest of your life Acquaintance Tour." They expect to return about March 15th.

*** DR. CHEN YU-GWAN has been elected president of the University of Nanking, China, succeeding Dr. Arthur J. Bowen. Dr. Chen obtained his M.A. and Ph.D. from Columbia University. There are 415 students enrolled this term in Nanking, with a full faculty of Chinese instructors.

*** Protect yourself against loss from unwise investment, eliminate worry and at the same MISS ROSE EWALD, fOrnIerly a mem- time do your part' in spreading the gospel of ber of the staff of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and for the Christ in foreign lands. past four years in Near East Relief overseas work, was awarded the Cleve- For further information. write land H. Dodge service medal at the annual meeting of Near East Relief Ernest F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. of Alllluities on January 4th. BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth AveDue, New York Ii Please mention THlI MISSIONARY REvmw OJ' 'l'HB WOBLD In wrltlnK to advertlsera.

"WE" ARRIVING AT THE VALBUENA. AVIATION FIELD, :MEXICO CITY, DECEMBER 14

Oupunyht by lnternationat Newsreel Phot() COL. LINDBERGH GREETED IN THE MEXICO S'l'ADIUlI BY PRESIDENT CALLES AND 50,000 PIJOPLE COL. CHARLES S. LINDBERGH WELCOMED IN MEXICO CITY BY GENIIRAL ALVAREZ. (U. S. AMBAS- SADOR DWIGHT MORROW BETWEEN) A NEW TYPE OF MISSIONARY TO MEXICO-A POSSIBILITY

Vol.LI, No.3 March,1928

THE MISSIONARY %eWO&'-&oI''''' ~u.ezy HISTORY IN THE MAKING-FIFTY YEARS AGO Reported in the March-April REVIEW, 1878 The Bri~ish India Government adopts measures for the suppression .. .. .. of infanticide in India.

A universal syllabic alphabet, invented by Rev. Robert Hunt, for teaching the illiterate of all nations is successfully tried among the Santals of India. * .. ..

A revival reported in Peking with one hundred Chinese confessing their faith in Christ.

* .. * Seven missionary societies at work in Fukien Province, China, re- .. . . port two stations and 273 outstations with 5,247 communicants. Agitation on the Treaty Rights of the Chinese in America. An article by Dr. S. Wells Williams, author of "The Middle Kingdom."

* .. * The Micronesian Mission of the A. B. C. F. M. report 500 converts added to the church in one year.

* * ..

All the slaves in Madagascar (brought into the island since 1865) emancipated by proclamation of the Queen.

.. .. * Sixty American Negroes sail from New York for Liberia to help civilize Africa.

.. * * A church built in Blantyre, Scotland, as a memorial to David Liv- ingstone. .. .. * Among the missionaries who sailed for the field were Rev. Thomas C. Winn (Presbyterian) to Japan and Rev. C. C. Penick, D.D. (Episcopal) to West Africa. The death was reported of Dr. Silas D. Scudder (Reformed), of India.

181

STRUGGLE IN MEXICO IN

BY REV. S. H. CHESTER, D.D.

Secretary Emeritu. of the E",ecutive Oommittee of Foreign M~BBionB, Pre.bytenan Ohurch in U. S.

T HE most spectacular episode the Moors held sway for several in contemporary history is centuries, in which the character the battle royal between the of God was assimilated to that of liberal forces in the Mexican Re- the Mohammedan Allah, who ap- public, at present under the leader- proved of the propagation of the ship of President Elias Plutareo faith and the suppression of "in- Calles, and the hierarchy of the fidels" by fire and sword.

Mexican Catholic Church, acting It was in this Mohammedan under the orders and leadership of fashion that the Spaniards "evanhis Holiness, Pope Pius XI. In gelized" Mexico. Hernando Cororder to understand this struggle tez with his bands of medireval a brief review of its historical freebooters swept over the country background is necessary. pillaging and burning, and giving At the time of the Spanish Con- the natives the option of submisquest the Aztecs were the domi- sion or death. They chose sub- nant Indian tribe, a naturally cout- mission, and as a guarantee of teous, hospitable and kind-hearted their full surrender came by entire people, who had developed along villages announcing their accept- various lines of agriculture, archi- ance of the conquerors' religion tecture and organized govern- and asking to be baptized. The ment quite an advanced form of applicants were so numerous that civilization. They also had a re- the rite had to be administered to ligion, with some savage features, them wholesale. One priest boast- but with elaborate rites conducted ed that his daily tale of baptisms in imposing stone temples by a was from ten to twenty thousand numerous priesthood. souls. Another reported that "he The Spanish Conquisitadores, ac- did not desist until he was so excording to the religious ideas of hausted that he could not hold up the day, were men of intense, and his hands."

even fanatical piety, who regarded In this manner, in the course of their work of conquest as being a a few years, practically the entire distinctly missionary enterprise. adult native population of Mexico Along with them came a large con- was inducted into the Spanish tingent of Spanish priests, some Catholic Church.

of whom were men of real devotion The character of the Church and consecration, who spared thus established was described by themselves no labor or sacrifice in a French priest in the army of giving the natives the Gospel as Maximilian, the Abbe Domenech, they understood it. who had been deputed by Louis But the interpretation of Chris- Napoleon to investigate and report tianity which they brought over on religious conditions in Mexico. and imposed on the natives at the Speaking of the priesthood" he sword's point was the semi-Mo- says, "They make merchandise of hammedan type which had been the Sacraments and of every relideveloped in southern Spain where gious ceremony. By their exorbi- 182 tant fees they compel the poor peo- The immediate results of this ple to live without legal marriage. revolution, however, were disap- If the Pope should excommunicate pointing. The lack of general in- all priests having concubines the telligence and the lack of leaders clergy would be reduced to a very trained in republican ideals made small number." Summing up the the success of the experiment for situation in a sentence another the time being impracticable. In writer remarks: "The Christian- the readjustment which followed ity the Spaniards brought to Mex- the educated class, relatively small ico, instead of enlightening, con- in number and mostly of the Span- verting and sanctifying the people, ish element, soon acquired posses- was itself converted. Paganism sion of all political power and also was baptized and Christianity was gained possession of practically paganized." all the land. The old system of And this is the Church which, communal ownership under which through its priesthood, mostly for- the people had the right of free eign born, was for three hundred tilJage and free pasturage of the years the dominant force in Mex- community land was broken up.

ico, politically, educationally and The country was divided into great economically as well as religiously. haciendas on which the Indian and After conquering the country the half-breed element lived as depend- Conquisitadores were not them- ents and hired laborers and the selves allowed to govern it. A suc- system of enslavement for debt cession of Viceroys, coming direct known as "peonage" was devel- from Spain, brought with them oped. One man in Yucatan owned the same autocratic, paternalistic a ranch of 15,000,000 acres. One and monopolistic methods that family owned nearly half the land characterized the home govern- in the State of Chihuahua. Statis- ment. There is nothing in the rec- tics of 1910 reported 100 men as ords to show that the welfare of owning ranches of a million acres the people, whether Spanish col- each, with multitudes of smaller onists, half-breeds or natives, was ones including tracts of from ten given a thought in the plans and to twenty thousand acres each.

policies of their foreign masters. The peons on these ranches, Their one dominating objective nearly all of them illiterate, lived was to transfer as much of the in filthy adobe hovels shared by vast mineral wealth of the country the family donkey, pig and goat, as possible to the home treasury physically weakened by lack of as speedily as possible, and to pre- nourishing food and therefore pare places where representatives without initiative or energy, and of the ancient and decayed families without hope of bettering their of decadent Spain might go to re- condition.

cuperate their fortunes. This gov- The Church also gradually ac- ernment finally became so intoler- quired lands, its wealth increased, able that in the year 1820 the peo- "its temples became more sump- ple of all classes, whether Spanish tuous, the robes of the priests more colonists, pure-blood Indians or bejeweled, its altars more ostenta- half-breeds, rose up and overthrew tious and glittering." The well- it and declared their independence known sociologist, Prof. Edward of the mother country. A. Ross, is authority for the state-

ment that by 1850 the Catholic stored up for them in the soil and hierarchy controlled two thirds of mines of their country. the public wealth of the country and dominated its economic life. And at last, in President Calles, In its freedom from taxation, its and his predecessor (and probable commercbilization of its seven sac- successor), General Alvaro Obraments and all religious rites and regon, they have found leaders especially its exploitation of purga- with courage to defy all their enetory, the Church had an inex- mies and with ability so far to haustible source of revenue, and hold their own. at the date mentioned above the combined value of its property The protagonist in this contest holdings was estimated at not less on the side of privilege is the Caththan $50,000,000. olic Church, not in Mexico only but also in Rome and in the United The Liberal Reform Movement States. The two most offensive items in the liberal program were It was the great liberal states- the nationalization of church propman, Benito Juarez, a full-blood erty and the provision of the Con- Aztec Indian, who in the year 1857 led his party to temporary victory stitution of 1917 that "only a Mexand established the Constitution ican by birth may be a minister of which disestablished the Catholic any creed in Mexico." The pro- Church, prohibited monastic orders hibition of religious instruction in and nationalized church property. primary schools is also a restric- This was followed by a period of tion very grievous to the Church. civil war, in which the church hierarchy allied itself with the The Archbishop of Mexico another privileged classes, and suc- nounced in a public statement that ceeded in bringing about the the clergy would not obey these French intervention and the en- laws. The Government met the thronement of the Austrian Cath- challenge by expelling him from olic Maximilian as Emperor. The the country and by announcing battle between liberalism and priv- that all priests who refused to ilege was continued, however, with obey them would also be expelled. varying fortunes, on down through the thirty years' regime of Porfirio The Church in the United States, Diaz, who began as a liberal but led by Archbishop Curley of Baltisoon came to be the greatest of all more, then entered the lists, raischampions of privilege, until the ing the cry of religious persecufateful year of 1910. tion, and demanding intervention by our Government to prevent it. Then began the series of revolu- The matter was brought up by tions which have been the blind, resolution in Congress, and a deleand often ill directed, but the un- gation of the Knights of Columbus alterably determined effort of the waited on the President and the unprivileged masses to throw off State Department to ask for dipfor good and all the yoke of their lomatic interference. clerical and political and economic exploiters, and recover for them- Finally, as none of these measselves some reasonable share of ures availed, his Holiness Pope the bounties which nature has Pius 11th entered the lists in per- son by issuing, an encyclical, or- dering the cessation of all religious rites conducted by priests in all the churches (a measure corre-

THE STRUGGLE IN MEXICO IN 1927

sponding to the "Interdict" of schools and the elements of cul- medireval times), which it was con- ture; to teach them to live better; fidently expected would speedily to make a more homogeneous na- bring the Government to terms. tion, closing the abyss that exists Strange to say it has not. For a between a small number of wealthy year and a half the Mexican peo- people surrounded by culture and ple have gone quietly about their refinement and the great majority ways, visiting the churches for exploited by every kind of tyranny their private devotions as they felt and oppression. • inclined, and apparently discover- "I am sure that if instead of . ing that priestly ministrations maintaining these ideals I should after all are not absolutely indis- turn to the easy task of continuing pensable. the work of Porfirio Diaz, patron- The explanation of this strange, izing only the very rich, despising and – to the Pope and the hier- the common people, shooting down archy probably undreamed-of turn the laborers, wasting the resources of events-is the fact that the peo- of our land in foreign countries, ple are beginning also to make maintaining newspapers to sing some other discoveries. They are my praises and ceremoniously en- beginning to find out who are their tertaining foreign nobility and real friends. The opportunity of American capitalists, I would soon emancipation from peonage slavery obtain the false title of pacifier of and of acquiring the ownership of my country and restorer of the na- land on terms of easy purchase is tion. But I prefer to remain with- being offered them. Their children out these titles in order to perform are being taught to read and write. a great task for humanity, al- President Calles was at one time though in exchange my govern- a professional teacher and is prov- ment is slandered with the nick- ing to be an educational enthusiast. name of Bolshevist. I leave time In 1925, the budget for Primary to pass sentence."

and High School education was This declaration seems to have double that for the support of the the unmistakable note of sincerity.

army. Last year, after the gov- And accompanied as it has been by ernment educational funds were tangible and substantial benefits exhausted, about 1,500 persons, such as no previous administration mostly women, responded to the in alliance with the Church has President's tlPpeal for unremuner- brought them, it commands the ated work in teaching rural pri- confidence of the people, and it is mary schools. Numerous agricul- to be hoped will hold their loyalty tural schools and colleges are being to their great leader until his bat- founded to teach the new land tle for their long-withheld rights owners what to do with their land. is finally and completely won.

Let the President tell his own The Protestant missionaries of story of the ideals and aims of his course find themselves inconven- administration. In a recent inter- ienced to some extent by the anti- view in a leading daily of Mexico clerical provisions of the 1917 Con- City he said: "The ideal of my gov- stitution, but they are not com- ernment is to lift the mass of my plaining of them. They recognize people out of their poverty and the peculiar conditions in Mexico ignorance, to provide them with that make them necessary. They

are carrying on their work of high the good work go on. Whether school, college and theological edu- from Protestant or Catholic pul- cation and personal evangelization, pits let this unhappy people that leaving all technically ecclesiastical have so long been fed on the husks functions to the native ministry of a paganized Christianity be that they have trained, thereby taught the truth as revealed in the hastening the development of the Word of God, and the Gospel of a ipdigenous and self-propagating risen and living Saviour (instead church which has always been of a Gospel of the intercession of their objective. dead saints), which alone is the And if the day when Mexico power of God both for their per- shall be fully evangelized after the sonal and national salvation. Then Protestant ideal is long postponed, we may hope to see this country, so Protestant missions will still have richly endowed with scenic beauty justified themselves by their effect and with natural and material re- in rousing the Catholic Church sources, and inhabited by a nat- from its self-complacency and urally amiable and interesting peo- lethargy and stimulating it to in- ple, also become a creditable mem- ternal reform and beneficent ac- ber of the sisterhood of civilized tivity. More preaching is being and Christian nations. Until then done in the churches, Sunday- it will probably continue to be schools are being established, the what it has been ever since it be- Bible is being more distributed and came an independent nation, a read, and social welfare work is chronic disturber of the peace of more generally recognized as a our continent, and the open sore part of the Church's mission. Let of the Western Hemisphere.

RESULTS OF SUCCESS-FIFTY YEARS AGO M ISSIONARY reports from Mexico indicate that the Roman- ists are thoroughly alarmed. Some statements translated from Roman Catholic papers by Dr. William Butler, are as follows: "It is necessary that the Catholics rise resolutely and make a general, rapid and voluntary movement in defense of their beliefs. Today, unfortunately, the Protestants come with a SUbvention, and their teachings are extending throughout the whole country. They circulate their writings at the lowest prices, even give them away, sometimes in tracts, sometimes in papers, which is their favorite method of sowing the bad seed; and, sad to say, in exchange the Catholic weeklies and dailies are dying off for lack of subscribers to sustain them……. Protestantism is becoming truly .alarming among us. The Protestants are circulating their works in abundance…… Meanwhile the Catholic papers are dying off," etc.

Quotation from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, Vol. I, page 105,1878.

UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST*

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, New York City Secretary Of the PresbyteriOJn Board Of Foreign Mis8ion8 /ROUND the walls of the chapel across the flooded farm lands, and .£1.. of the Hill School of Potts- hour after hour we passed over town, Pennsylvania, are rows what had been the field of Max of little bronze tablets, commem- Chaplin's brief missionary career.

orating the lives of boys from the There were cities and villages in- school who have finished their numerable until at last we came to work in the world. The latest of the hillside from which we looked these tablets is a memorial to Max- down on his station in Showchow, well Chaplin, a graduate of the one of the oldest cities of China.

school and of Princetgn University and Hartford Seminary. He went 'ITnevangelized Geographical Areas out to give a brief, but glorious life In all these cities and villages by to China, and died of cholera in which we had come there was not the early months of the year before one Christian, Chinese or foreign, last. He was a rugged personality, trying to make our Saviour known.

a strong hater of wrong, especially As we looked off from the hillside of what he conceived to be the above Showchow, here and there wrong of war, but one of the chief on the dry land and amid the elements in his strength was its flooded waters, we could see the tender gentleness. On the simple little green patches of trees that bronze tablet, under the name and betokened the presence of the un- the dates, these are the words: counted villages where stilI Jesus "Gentle strength and noble heart, a Christ is to be proclaimed.

lover of all mankind. The children of the The nearest other mission sta- Hill have passed this way." tion was hours and hours away.

What was the way that Max Under the old modes of travel it Chaplin passed? It was the way was days and days distant. Later out to the neglected and uncared we stood on the little hillside be- for places of the earth and into side the Taoist temple, behind that those wide areas of human life, neighboring station and tried to where Jesus Christ has not yet count the towns and villages on been adequately made known. A those wide plains in which Christ little over a year ago Mrs. Roys was yet to be made known. The and Dr. Hugh Kerr and I followed haze of the distance buried in- the geographical way that he had numerable villages, and I could not gone to his station far up in the count them all, but, as far as the heart of China. As we made our eye could see, they dotted the land- way in the little launch over the scape. Seven hundred and fifty I flooded country, covered as far as counted on that one plain, looking the eye could see by the overrun- out from that one hill, and in most ning waters of the river Hwai, our of these towns Christ's story is boatman made no attempt to fol- still to be told.

low the channel. He steered as his These are not exceptional condi- soundings indicated he might go, tions that one has to face in our • An address delivered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Detroit.

187

world today, not in an unreal or ern China and you would barely unknown world, but in the actual have one Christian for each city world in which our lives must be and village. Canton would have lived and our duty done. These one Christian and all other cities are representative conditions. No only one Christian, down to the doubt one cannot exaggerate the last village.

extent of the diffusion of Chris- And this condition is true not of tianity all through the world, but China only. Summer before last neither can one exaggerate the I spent part of the summer in the magnitude of those areas in our great northern islimd of Japan, present world, nineteen centuries Hokkaido. It is frontier territory since Christianity began, where that reminds one of the frontier Jesus Christ is still an unknown settlements in Alaska and North- personality and power. ern Canada. There one finds vil- On this trip we attended many lages by the hundred, half a dozen gatherings of Chinese and mission- cities of fifty thousand population ary leaders in different parts of each, in which there was not one China. Everywhere we asked them preacher or teacher of the Gospel honestly to tell us whether the of the Saviour of the world. There work was measurably done or are 12,116 communities in Japan, whether we must go back to the cities, towns and villages with less Church at home and to the oncom- than eight thousand Christian ing student generation and say workers, foreign and Japanese.

that the Christian task still lies Distribute one to every city and ahead, the great mass and volume smaller community in Japan and of it unaccomplished. there would be 3,800 communities In Shantung, one of the most left in which there would be no one populous provinces, we asked how able to make Christ known.

many of the villages are evangel- Turn to the other lands, the ized in that province which is one Moslem lands. A few years ago of the best supplied in a Christian I traveled in bitter winter weather way in all China. Reduce evan- across the whole breadth of gelism to its very lowest expres- Northern Persia. We rode from sion, and say how many villages the Afghan border, six hundred are visited by any Christian Chi- miles from Meshed to the city of nese or foreigner once a year. Teheran, and in all that long reach They could not allege that one we passed city after city along our twentieth of the villages of Shan- road in which there was no one tung have heard the Gospel once a preaching this Gospel of the year from any missionary or world's Saviour.

Chinese Christian. We asked the Turn to the great nations who same question in the Province of are our nearest neighbors. In the Kwangtung, a province half the Montevideo congress, called by the size of France, at the other end evangelical churches of South of China, with a population of America, a large map was before 28,500,000 Chinese and only 36,000 us which showed "a continent with- Christians. You might distribute in a continent." Cut off a great those 36,000 Christians, one by one, littoral strip of one hundred fifty over all the towns and cities and or two hundred miles from the sea- villages of that Province of South- coast around the continent, and we

AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST

have the unevangelized heart of tian folk began to gather a few of South America, twice the size of the sightless under their care. the unreached heart of Asia and a million square miles greater than There are more than a million unthe corresponding heart of Africa. cared-for blind in the world. This heart of South America contains 26,500,000 people. You could Think of the great masses of draw lines four thousand miles north and south and two thousand physical suffering and. disease. east and west and never touch any Here is a paragraph from the re- Christian agency, Protestant or Roman Catholic. After four hun- port that ex-President Eliot, of dred years, we were told, the Ro- Harvard, made to the Carnegie man Catholic Church itself still regards this interior continent as a Foundation several years ago when missionary field. he presented his report called These only illustrate present-day "Highways to Peace," describing conditions. There has been an immense diffusion of the knowledge things that had made the deepest of Christ but we still face a largely unevangelized world and the impression on him in the great "laborers" are few. lands of Asia: Unevangelized Classes of Humanity "Whether we look at disease and pre- mature death as sources of heavy indus- We need to remind ourselves not trial losses, or as preventable causes of alone of these crass numerical and grievous human suffering, we find the geographical facts, but we need to gift of Western medicine and surgery to remember also the great groups the Oriental populations to be one of and classes of human need still the most precious things that Western waiting to feel those impulses from civilization can do for the East. To Christ that have been pictured for spread through the East the knowledge us so vividly. There are the lepers of Western medicine and sanitation by of the world-nobody knows how building and conducting good hospitals, many. There may be two million. dispensaries and laboratories for medical One out of every fifteen hundred diagnosis, establishing boards of health, in Northern India is a leper, and and providing defenses against plague, there are tens of thousands more cholera, smallpox and tuberculosis, is in other lands, for whom not a the surest way to persuade intelligent hand has ever been lifted except a people in the East that they may expect Christian hand. Most of them are much good from the inductive philosophy still uncared for by any heart of of the West acting in combination with love. The program of Christ of the Christian religion in its simplest which we speak so easily contains forms. There is no better subject than a specific item with regard to the medicine in which to teach the universal leper and also with regard to the inductive method. blind. Think of the innumerable blind of the world, 100,000 in the "Any Western organization which de- United Provinces of Northern In- sires to promote friendly intercourse dia alone. For them no religion with an Oriental people can do nothing has ever done anything until Chris- better than contribute to the introduc- tion of Western medicine, surgery, and sanitation into China. The field for such beneficent work is immense, the obstacles to be overcome are serious but not in- superable, and the reward in the future comparative well-being of the Chinese is sure. The Chinese people are too intel- ligent not to trace practical beneficence to its spiritual sources, and to draw all the just inferences."

President Eliot had no question of the right and duty of the West to "invade the culture" of the East and to share with men everywhere the truth which the West knows about the world and human life. What impressed him most deeply

was the great mass of preventable mortality. Statistical studies of human suffering to be found in child mortality indicate that 71 lands where such suffering had per cent of the babies in Persia die never been cared for as it could be before they are five years of age; only where the great ideas about 75 per cent of the babies in Central life come. pouring from the well- Africa, according to Dr. Howard spring of the love and the light Cook, of Uganda, die within the and the life of Christ. first week of their age; 50 per cent There are in China today, at the of the children in Kashmir (rep- largest estimate, not more than resenting a great section of South- 1,500 physicians trained in modern ern Asia), according to Dr. Neve, medicine. Of all those, probably die within the first five years of nine tenths are in a few of the their age. In Chile, which ought large cities. Over great areas of to be a health paradise, one third China we cannot find one compe- die in early infancy.

tent physician to one, two, or three One contrasts all this with con- millions of people. ditions where the influence of The conditions are as bad in Christ has more adequately gone.

Persia. Outside of four or five In Great Britain and America, cities, I doubt whether you could child mortality is only 8 per cent find five qualified physicians in under the age of twelve. Every modern medicine for ten millions little child, born under Christian Of people. influences, has from two to ten Eighty-five per cent of the pop- times the chance of life that a child ulation of India lives in the vil- has that is born in the non-Chris- lages, and eighty-five per cent of tian lands. The slaughter of the the doctors of India are in the innocents at Bethlehem is as noth- cities. The death rate, as is the ing in comparison with the avoid- case in Chile also, is three times able child mortality in the non- that of Great Britain or the United Christian world today.

States. Behind all this one thinks of the In our mod-ern world today, women and girls of the world who there is an instantaneous demand have been shut out from their for not less than 100,000 new doc- equal rights for generations and tors adequately trained, to go into centuries. I will not speak of them neglected areas to deal with human in the whole and I will not quote suffering and disease. They any supposably prejudiced testi- should not all come from the mony with regard to them in part.

Western lands; most of them Here are two words from India, should be raised up in the lands from two men whose voices would where they dwell, but these are be ace e pte d as authoritative real conditions that must be con- through the length and breadth of fronted now by all those of all the India, Mr. GSlndhi and Lala Lajpat lands on whom the responsibility Rai. This was the word of Lala rests to bring the Gospel and the Lajpat Rai at a Hindu Conference, spirit of Christ to bear on all the held two years ago in Bombay: needs of human life. "The condition of our child widows is indescribable. God may bless those Behind all this mass of adult suf- who are opposed to their remarriage but fering lies a more pitiful mass still their position induces so many abuses of child suffering and preventable and brings about so much moral and

AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST

physical misery as to cripple society as Pennsylvania, and Ohio combined, a whole and handicap it in the struggle with a popUlation just a little less for life." than that of the population of the state of New York. In that area And these are Mr. Gandhi's they told us that not one tenth of words in Young India regarding the children would ever have any child marriages and enforced opportunity for education at all. widowhood: "It is sapping the vitality of thou- They went on to speak of the whole sands of our promising boys and girls on whom the whole future of Indian so- Near East, by no means the darkciety entirely rests. It is bringing into est corner of the world, with its existence every year thousands of weak- shadows of human need, of Bullings, both boys and girls, who are born garia with one fifth of its children of immature parents. It is a very fruit- dying before twelve months of age, ful source of the appalling child-mor- of Armenia with one doctor to tality and stillbirths now prevailing in 5,000 and no nurses, while in our society. It is a very important America we have one doctor to 700 cause of the gradual and steady decline and one trained nurse to 340 peoof Hindu society in point of numbers, ple. physical strength, and courage, and morality."

Then look beyond all these great Our friends from China know classes of human need to the mass what it is. One of the progressive of intellectual night. Our Lord young leaders of China was telling spoke literally when He called several years ago of a piece of Himself the "Light of the World," work he had done in traveling to for where He has gone, the light and fro in China trying to arouse has broken and men have sought his people to the realization of the eagerly for all truth and have task confronting them in the modshared what they knew with the ern world. He went from one rest of mankind and of womankind Chamber of Commerce to another too. But every non-Christian re- and he had devised all kinds of ligion has left the mass of its peo- charts and diagrams to make vivid ple illiterate. China's plight to these Chinese Recently I attended one of the leaders. In the Chamber of Com- last meetings of the Near East merce of Tungchow, he told of Survey Committee. This Commit- China's undeveloped resources- tee is made up largely of skilled her poverty in the instrumentali- and experienced men, to conduct a ties of progress and energy and survey of the whole Near East with production-and he came to speak regard to its future problems and of her intellectual handicaps. He necessities and its claims upon the had a chart on which he pressed Western world. They had elim- buttons so that long ribbons came inated religion from their survey out to show the percentage of il- but there have been few more care- literacy in various lands. He ful and scrupulous and capable pressed buttons for Germany, examinations of the economic, in- France, Great Britain, Japan with dustrial, and ethical condition of their almost negligible ratios of any region of the world than they illiteracy. Then he went on have made of the Near East. One through the darker lands until he of their number drew a picture of came to China, and as he was about Persia, Syria and Irak-a land as to put his finger on that button, the large as New England, New York, President of the Chamber of Com-

merce rose, with tears running that we fail to realize how far down his cheeks, and said: "Young Christ has brought us to a more man, don't press that button. We human, a more brotherly, a more have seen all that our hearts can Christlike sense of relationship of bear. Show us no more of our the races in that great family that shame." is of only one blood witn one We are not thinking of these Father over all. But, even yet, things in terms of shame, we are how far we have to go! That men thinking of them in terms of great will read with such zest a book human need, in terms of human ap- like "Trader Horn" today shows peal of the whole world, to those for one thing how much there is who may share what they have yet to be done and how far we with the rest of mankind. As we have passed from the old days of are facing now the areas in which which that book deals.

Jesus Christ is not adequately Enough has been said on race known, we shall not be dealing relationships, but we have not con- justly with our real world if we sidered so adequately those great forget the indisputable facts of realms of economic development the remaining unoccupied fields of that lie ahead of us, where for the the world. whole world there will be suffering and disaster, unless Christ can be Unevangelized Areas of Corporate Life made known and given a lordship In the third place, let us remind that He does not have today. There ourselves again of the great realms is no use thinking that we can turn and areas of corporate life into back the tides of economic and me- which Jesus Christ needs to be chanical progress and reverse the more fully borne. great processes that are making These realms of life concern the men masters of the world and of whole world. Our purpose is not time. We ought to save all we can to segregate these areas of need. of old household industry but Mr.

They call the whole Christian Gandhi's dream of going back to a Church to make Christ known day when man shaII discard ma- across the length and breadth of chinery, except the crude and the whole life of man. There are primitive hand machinery of an great realms where Christ is in- early time, is a hopeless and im- adequately known, or if known, is possible dream. The machine age unacknowledged as Lord; realms is inevitable but thank God we still where the relationships of the na- stand, so far as most of the world tions and the peoples intertwine. is concerned, only on the threshold We have made more progress than of the great problem which it pre- some of us realize. But even so, sents.

how much is there still to be done We have been given, I think, an before Jesus Christ's lordship is exaggerated idea as to how far our recognized as fully in these ranges modern industrialism has eaten its of collective relationships as we way into the life of Asia. Accord- are ready to recognize it in the ing to the latest avaHable statistics sphere of the individual life. In there are 130,000 cotton factory this other field of relationship of operatives in the whole of China, race to race, so close are we to and in the greatest center of Chi- these great acute problems today nese factory manufacture, in

AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST

Shanghai, there were about 180,- to enact or enforce them. Indeed, 000 operators in cotton and silk in the treaty governing these mat- mills and factories of every kind, ters made in Washington a few one eighth of them children under years ago, China herself was ex- twelve. Japan, with one sixth of pressly exempted from the obliga- China's population, has ten times tion to bind herself to observe the its number of factory workers. regulations regarding protection This great influence that is slowly of labor. We do not hear much and inevitably passing across the about that "unequal treaty" in world has barely touched the fringe China; it is one of those inequali- of Chinese life as yet. But, alas, ties within her own power to cor- what will happen if it goes further rect.

before Christ has been made its I have seen with my own eyes, master! things that nobody who has seen Here is an advertisement that will ever erase from the tablets of appeared a few years ago in one his memory. In a match factory, of the papers in Shanghai, issued up in the heart of China, where by one of the great mills for the there were no foreigners, but all purpose of inducing additional in- are Chinese, I saw little boys and vestment in its stock. Miss Bur- girls from six years of age up, ton quoted it at the Washington working for twelve hours a day Missionary Convention: while the supervisors walked up "The profits of the factory and down between the benches surpassed $1,000,000. For the past two with long laths in their hands to years it has been running night and day see that the tiny little ones did not loiter in their work. The eye with scarcely any intermission. The could not follow the speed of move- ment of those little hands. Here number of hands employed is 2,500, and was the great, impersonal unhuthe following is the wage table per day: man energy of our modern ma- chine organization, uncontrolled by "Men-15 to 25 cents; women-10 to human sympathies, eating into the deepest life of the Chinese people. 15 cents; boys above 15 years-10 to 15 It is easier to say that Christ must cents; girls above 15 years-5 to 10 be Lord of industry than to say how it is to be accomplished. But cents; small boys and girls under 10 the need of making Him known years–from 31h to 10 cents. and served in this realm is as real "The working hours are from five- as the need in a man's own per- thirty in the morning until five-thirty in the evening, and from five-thirty in the evening until five-thirty in the morning. No meals are supplied by the factory.

"It will be seen that the company is in an exceptionally favorable condition with an abundant supply of cheap labor to draw from. The annual profits have exceeded the total capital on at least three occasions."

It will not do to throw stones at sonal life.

any particular nationality, for In considering areas of life after all the worst conditions are where Christ must be made Lord, those with which China herself we cannot shut our eyes to those alone can deal. The international great realms of life, near or far, labor regulations have been meas- that are calling today mutely per- urably adopted in the Japanese haps but as vividly and pitifully, mills in China. They are more or for a remedy which Christ and less observed in some of the other Christ alone can supply by His mills in China, but the Chinese spirit and truth.

government has never attempted (To be concluded in April.) 2

A VENEZUELAN EVANGELICAL

BY JOHN CHRISTIANSEN, Rubio, Venezuela ALTHOUGH Protestant mis- zuela, which is fast gaining on the f l sionary work in the Repub- capital. The church in Maracaibo lie of Venezuela is compara- has the largest membership of any tively new, there are already a evangelical church in Venezuela.

number of different missions work- It has the largest attendance at its ing here, and a strong sentiment regular meetings, and the largest is developing toward establishing church building, with the finest a nation-wide evangelical work, and best-equipped 3:uditorium of that will help to unite the Chris- any of the evangelical churches.

tians in mutual cooperation, in- The mission in Maracaibo also has stead of forming separate and the largest evangelical grammar rival denominations. school, the largest and oldest evan- Most of the missions in Vene- gelical paper, and the only evan- zuela are interdenominational, and gelical book store in the country.

practically all the Protestants in At the conference in Maracaibo the Republic call themselves six states in Venezuela and one in "Evangelico8." The churches are Colombia were represented. The usually known as "The Evangelical Venezuelan delegates 'outnumbered Church" of such and such a place. the missionaries, and a splendid This fact naturally favors the de- spirit of union and mutual under- velopment of unity and coopera- standing was manifested.

tion, and it is perhaps difficult to The plans for developing an find any mission field in the world evangelical church in Venezuela where so many missions are work- that would be one in spirit, pur- ing and yet where denominational pose and cooperation, were heartily names are so little known as in endorsed, and it was unanimously Venezuela. decided to hold a similar conference For the present it is proposed the next year, including the same that evangelical Christians plan to territory. It was also resolved gather in sectional conferences, in that efforts be put forth at once the three main topographical di- toward interesting the groups in visions of the country; and when the eastern part of the Republic such sectional conferences are well in meeting together as soon as pos- established, representatives will be sible for a sectional conference of elected for national conferences in that territory, in order that later order to promote unity and cooper- a national conference might be ation among the evangelical Chris- called together.

tians of the whole Republic. During the conference quite a Last year, during the first week revival broke out in the evenings of August, the first of these sec- which were open to the public.

tiona1 conferences met in the city Nearly seventy-five persons pub- of Maracaibo. It was providential licly came forward in the meetings that the first gathering of this kind to accept salvation in Christ. This in the country should be held in was really the crowning point of the second largest city in Vene- the conference.

194

· A RURAL EVANGELICAL CHURCH IN PORTO

CREATIVE SERVICE IN PORTO RICO BY REV. ARTHUR JAMES, San Germain, Porto Rico M ISSIONAR.Y work is likely pIe, anything akin to the spirit of to be misinterpreted by self-sacrifice that is behind all mis- , undue emphasis on the sionary activity. In other words. amount of money spent in a given has the money spent in Porto Rico country through a mIssIonary during the past thirty years and agency. Much. no doubt. might be the missionary work that has gone said in favor of this side of mis- with it. transformed the characters sionary work. It is refreshing for and lives of Porto Ricans and the Porto Rican missionary. for in- created in them a desire to support . stance. when such pointed criticism and perpetuate the churches and is being leveled at the American other institutions established by corporations for taking so much continental enterprise? money out of the country. to know Last year the churches belongthat the organizations interested ing to the Evangelical Union. a in tne evangelization of Porto Rico group which includes all but three are spending annually in the coun- of 'the Protestant denominations try $500.000 and that this half working in Porto Rico. collected a million is a decided help in the total of $80.035. which is about economic development of the thirty-five per cent of the total island. Missionary work. however. amount spent for church work by cannot be justified in the mere the different boards and local spending of money. The test is churches together. On the basis of rather as to whether the spending membership, this sum represents of the money has created anything $6.00 per capita,-a very creditable worth while in the lives of the peo- showing when we consider the 195

poverty in Porto Rico and the fact . Since the beginning of missionthat $6.00 is more than the aver- ary service in Porto Rico, thirty age benevolent offering of the con- years ago, most of the work of the tinental Protestant church mem- Evangelical churches has been in ber. the country, where so many of our Porto Rican people live. In order The greater part of the money to conduct this work better, Protsent down by the sustaining boards estant rural chapels have sprung is for the more frontier type of up all over the island. The most missionary activity. All the larger interesting thing about them is centers of population in Porto Rico that each of these fifty or sixty have now either self-supporting THE NEW PRFlRBYTERIAN CHunCH IN SAN AN'I'ONIO, PUlt'l'U IiH:U churches, or churches that might buildings has been erected by become self-supporting with a little money raised in the community. adjustment of their budgets. If, Not a cent has come from outside instead of spending part of money of the island. "Where your treasthey raise in benevolent enterprise, ure is, there will your heart be they spent it on the church itself also." they would require no help from the board or any other outside The most profound change in agency. There are at least twenty- the policy of the Protestant work five evangelical churches in Porto in Porto Rico during the past ten Rico that are in this category- years is the placing of the control churches whose total income ex- of the local churches in the hands ceeds the pastor's salary and other of the Porto Rican ministry. Usspecific church expenses. ing my own denomination as an illustration, eleven years ago there

CREATIVE SERVICE IN PORTO RICO

were twelve American mission- part of Porto Rican Evangelical aries in the Presbyterian Mission. Christians to share the Gospel with Each of these men ministered to a others. A few years ago the Relocal church and supervised three public of Santo Domingo was pracor four helpers. As the years have tically virgin territory for Protgone by and these American mis- estantism. Realizing this, the sionaries have resigned, their Porto Rican Christians sent one of places have been taken by the their own number to San Pedro de young Porto Rican ministers who Macoris and supported him for have been trained in the public years-until help from the North BlHLE SCHOOL OF THE ISABELLAEVANG~]LICAL CHURCH IN PORTO RICO schools of Porto Rico and in our enabled the Protestant forces to Interdenominational Seminary at work the country more efficiently. Rio Piedras. Today all the Pres- Today by voluntary contributions byterian churches in Porto Rico of the members of the Porto Rican have native pastors. The three Evangelical churches, the great continental missionaries that re- province of Barahona is being main are in school and administra- evangelized. What better evidence tive work. is wanted as to whether the Porto Rican appreciates the evangelical To the mission force itself per- message? What is more conclusive haps the outstanding evidence of than a service that has created the worth-whileness of the evan- service? There are large opportunigelical work in Porto Rico is the ties for such service in Porto Rico. genuine and evident desire on the Never was it more clear than today that Christ is the hope of the nations. For those who realize this truth there can be no higher ambition than to be allowed, like St. Paul, to preach the Gospel where Christ is not already named.

SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS

PRESENT AND FUTURE BY J. M. SOMERNDIKE, New York Dilrector of Church Extension. and Missions} Board of N ationa.l Missions.. presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

T IME has lingered in the Ap- Writ. He never questions the su- palachians. Although many pernatural, but stands in awe of sections of the mountains it. His application of Biblical lore have been forced out of their for- to the smallest details of every day mer isolation by the construction life, and his hair-splitting doctrinal of highways and the inroads of disputations, colored by sectarian industry, the life and habits of the prejudices, which also he has inaverage mountaineer of the pres- herited from his ancestors, make ent differ but little from those of him a difficult pupil. What he his fathers. He farms with the terms "the new ways of the fursame crude implements used by his riners" are anathema. The untu- forefathers and obstinately op- tored mountain preacher of the poses "new-fangled contraptions." present, like those of the past, He lives in the log cabin, typical shouts, sobs and exhorts, unhamof the home of the earliest pio- pered in thought or speech by neers. It consists of one large room "book larnin'." His mind is unenwith a narrow porch, a plank door, cumbered by "man's wisdom" a stone chimney built on the out- which in his judgment serves only side, a single opening for a window to interfere with the free operation which more frequently is without of the mind and spirit under the a sash, and a "lean-to" in the rear influences of an unseen Power up- for a kitchen. A few straight- on which he depends for his mesbacked, rush bottom chairs, with sage. Sectarian prejudice and low seats, often an old spinning- competition are manifested everywheel and hand loom, and a bed, where. On one occasion one of the comprise the furnishings of the native preachers learned that we average home. These too have were going to conduct a Sunday- been handed down "from genera- school and preaching service in the tion to generation." schoolhouse. Being opposed to Like his forefathers, the Appa- Sunday-schools because "they are lachian mountaineer believes in not mentioned in the Bible," he the "pure religion" of the Bible, promptly arranged for an opposiand to him it is the final word of tion service. Three "United Bapauthority. His exegesis is rather tist" preachers were expected, but inadequate, from our point of view, only one came. The people, how- and is quaintly humorous at times, ever, came prepared to remain for but one is impressed by his deep an extended service. Finding two reverence for the Word and by his other preachers, a "Regular Bapinstinctive sense of kinship with tist and a Primitive Baptist," not God and nature. He readily finds being a difficult task, the congre- an interpretation for the most ob- gation demanded that each of them scure and difficult passage in Holy should conduct a service. Under 198 the rules of their respective on a rail fence, on the edge of a churches, they reminded their con- cornfield or under a tree, with a gregation that they would each be squirrel gun in his hand, idling excommunicated for taking part in away the time, alone or with coma service conducted by a preacher panions of similar taste, whose representing another sect. The claim to a place in society is based difficulty was finally resolved by upon having "killed his man." A the agreement of each preacher to still more popular picture portrays Close his service officially with the him as engaged in the surreptitious benediction, the next preacher im- distilling of illicit whisky, and mediately opening a new service. cleverly eluding the vigilance of A TYPICAL FAMILY OF SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS AND 'fHEIR CABIN Needless to say, it was an "all-day the revenue officer, suspicious of meetin'." all strangers lest they prove to be government agents in disguise. So the present is linked to the Far too little has been said and past in Appalachia. What was written about the homely virtues good enough for the generations of the mountaineer, their love of that have passed is considered good home and kinfolk: their unstinted enough today. The average Moun- hospitality; their spirit of neightaineer is contented with his life borliness and willingness to share and meager resources on the prin- their little with others who are in ciple that "enough's a plenty." But more difficult circumstances; their we must be fair. The mountaineer love of nature; their loyalty to has been described too frequently family and friends; their simplicas a tall, gaunt, loose-jointed in- ity and contentment; and their dividual, with looser morals, seated

keen mental perception, which is are so clearly apparent that it can so apparent in the rapidity with be said, without the shadow of unwhich they advance when cultural certainty, that here at least is a advantages are placed within their mission field where one can see the reach. And they do respond in a gospel seed springing into life and remarkable way when we enter in- bearing perennial fruitage. to their lives and helpfully lead them. They cannot be driven, nor Because of these encouragements cajoled, but they recognize and will follow devotedly a wise and helpful men and women with real devotion leader such as most of our mission- and self-sacrifice are giving their aries have proven themselves to lives to the evangelization of this be. Likewise under such leader- region. Who could listen to the ship, the improvement in local con- story of the transformation of dition& is' amazing. For five years Glory Creek and fail to experience we have been conducting a mission a quickening of the missionary Sunday-school at New Bethel spirit? Twenty years ago Glory (Jackson County) in the Tennes- Creek was as lawless and godless see hills. "In five years this Sun- as any part of the southern mounday school has grown into an tains. When the missionary began there, he made the acquaintance of organized church of fifty-two mem- "Devil Bill" Adkins who, in addibers. This community has been without regular preaching for tion to having killed several men, twenty years and without any was leader of the Adkins clan. Christian teaching. It is twenty- "Devil Bill" after some hesitation five miles to the nearest railroad agreed to lend his support to an station and it has meager public all-day meeting to be held at the school facilities. As the result of Glory schoolhouse. He warned the the work of this Sunday school and mlssionary, however, that the the ministry of the missionary the meeting might be a failure. entire community has changed. One young man from this school "Hit'll be alright," he declared, and church was received by the "ef Jeff Kinter don't take a notion Presbytery at its last meeting, as to shoot up the place. The Kinters a candidate for the ministry. His is powerful set aginst church doin's sister and one other girl have com- and everybody knows that the Kinpleted the high school course at ters and the Adkinses aint Alpine and are now teaching in a'courtin'." the public schools of the county. One other girl from this school is The service was well attended by working her way through Alpine the Adkinses and their sympathiz- ers and by neutrals who had no Institute. The young man is now clan affiliation. Scarcely had the director of organized young peo- missionary started to speak, howple's work for the Presbytery." ever, when there was a resounding crash against the side of the school- As a: matter of fact, the trans- house. It did not take long to find out what had happened. The Kinformations that have been wrought ter clan, unarmed, had come down through the work of the Sunday- to look things over at the school- house and one of their number had school missionaries, Bible teachers, not resisted the temptation to missionary pastors and mission throw a rock against the side of schools among the mountaineers the building. Nobody had guns but

SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

there was a creek near by where and strength of by-gone days upon there was an abundance of smooth them. The difference is they are stones. Both the Kinters and the now fighting side by side as soldiers Adkins equipped themselves with of the Cross, for both are officers this ready-made ammunition and, of the church. Their names are for a few minutes, the bombard- Jeff Kinter and "Devil Bill" Adment was severe. The Kinters, kins. outnumbered, were finally put to rout, leaving five bleeding and un- The present plight of the mounconscious men behind them. Sev- taineers is the natural result of eral of the Adkinses were injured isolation and neglect. The tides of also. It is a tribute to mountaineer progress have swept over and beethics that the wounded of both yond them. Instead of being taken sides received careful treatment. up and carried forward with the advance movements in education, THE CHURCH AND RECREA'l'IO~ BUILDING AT A MOUN'l'AIN SE'l"l'LEMEN'l', WEi:lT VIRGINIA Visit Glory Creek today and be- agriculture and social progress, hold the change. The old frame they have been left far in the rear schoolhouse has given way to a to struggle for themselve& and to newer and more modern structure, grope their way without resource a good road has placed the com- to higher levels of social and remunity within four hours of ligious and intellectual attainment. Charleston and, best of all, where But chief of all these reasons for the old schoolhouse stood there is backwardness is the failure to rectoday a beautiful little church. If ognize the strategic importance of you were to go there on any Sun- teaching and training the rising day morning you would see two generation and opening their eyes men sitting together on the front to the true meaning of life. Where row. They are both a little deaf tens of thousands of dollars have and they sometimes have difficulty been expended merely to maintain in hearing everything that is said, preaching services for adult Chrisbut there is still some of the fire tians, an u t t e r I y inadequate

amount has been invested in the are following a program that is Christian nurture of the mountain adapted to the needs, the tempera- children, yet the money invested ment and environment of the peo- in the training of the children and ple. Church buildings are being youth has not only wrought com- erected, not merely as "meetin'

plete transformations of family houses," but equipped to carry for- life and community relationships, ward a full program of service to but has assured continued advance- the local community. The Church ment for the coming generations. is cooperating in an effective way Notwithstanding their lack of with such organizations as the Na- advantages, the boys and girls of tional Red Cross and State Boards the southern mountains are one of of Health and Education, beside the Nation's greatest assets. They a .number of enterprises of a phil- have proven their ability to rise. anthropic character which aim to- Their capacity for development is ward both social and economic limited only by their opportunities. improvement. Better methods of They are quick, alert, physically agriculture are being effectively vigorous and mentally resourceful. demonstrated and the mountaineer They respond readily to every ef- is gradually emerging from his fort to improve their condition and proverbial contentment with pov- they are eager to acquire knowl- erty into an appreciation of the edge. Undoubtedly the hope of possibilities of economic independ- this entire region lies in the win- ence. Good roads are being built ning and training of the great mul- in place of difficult mountain trails.

titudes of children and young Streams are being bridged and people, most of whom are growing communication with the outside into maturity without any knowl- world is now made possible for edge of those things that will in- thQse whose parents have never terpret life to them in the largest traveled more than a mile from and fullest sense. There is no form their own cabin door in the course of missionary or educational effort of a lifetime. Sanitary measures which will contribute in a larger are being introduced, health cen- way toward Kingdom building or ters established with free dispen- toward national welfare than work saries, and children are being in behalf of the children of the persistently taught and trained in southern mountains. the practice of healthful habits, The Outlook for the Future which make for the prevention of the diseases prevalent among The situation is hopeful. The the mountaineers, most of which outlook for the mountaineer is are the result of the unsanitary more promising today than ever conditions under which they have before. The results of wise plan- been living. Infant mortality has ning on the part of mission boards already shown a marked decrease.

are already beginning to be seen Government agents are active in in the improved conditions of introducing modern methods of en- many localities which but a few riching the soil, enabling the peo- years ago were utterly destitute. ple to cultivate larger and better Churches are being developed un- crops; they are demonstrating der the continuing ministry of successful methods of animal hus- well-trained, consecrated men who bandry, and are encouraging the

extension of the dairying industry. the benefit of this portion of their Community clubs, pig clubs, corn citizenship whose progress has clubs and other organizations for been retarded becalise of their lack boys and girls are awakening of such advantages. youthful ambitions, and training the rising generation to visualize These things point toward the the rich values which are readily dawn of a new day for the mounattainable by the wisely directed taineer. While much has been acuse of time and energy. Schools complished, much remains to be are rapidly becoming better and done. Patience, persistence and the school term is being length- the continued investment of conseened. More competent teachers crated lives and money in even are being secured and slowly, but larger measure will be required for many years to come in order 'to lift YOUNG MOUNTAINEERS IN 'J'RAJNING l<'OR CHRIS'l'IAN LEADERSHIP surely, better equipment is being these five millions of people to highprovided. The activities of Prot- er levels. The result of what is estant mission boards have been being done will not be realized fully one of the chief factors in the ad- within the present generation, but vance in education. While they the next generation will be so far have provided the means of obtain- in advance of the present that they ing an education for thousands of will find themselves again united mountain youth who otherwise with the life-currents of the nation would have grown up in illiteracy, to whose birth and preservation they have at the same time demon- they have contributed so largely strated to the civic authorities the in the past. They will also become necessity and the value of extend- a mighty force in the development ing public school facilities into the of a citizenship thoroughly Ameriremotest parts of their domain, for can and truly Christian.

AND MONEY FIFTY YEARS

BY HARRY S. MYERS, New York The BOGrd of M"''''Ol1GrY Cooperation of t"e Nort"ern Bapti8t Convent/o,; O NE of David Livingstone's "geographical exploration," and famous sayings has a very that prepare us better for the mis- pertinent application at this sionary task that yet remains. The time: "The end of the geographical records of the American Baptist feat is the beginning of the mis- Foreign Mission Society for 1900sionary enterprise." Livingstone 1902 contain statements as applicawas doubtless thinking of his ble to conditions in China today geographical explorations – the and to some interpretations of discovery of mountains, lakes, those conditions as though they had rivers, villages, and the making of been written during the last few correct maps and charts. Our mis- months. We are always exploring. sion work for the last half century has largely been a geographical The Student Volunteer Movesurvey and study. We have added ment* held its first convention in to simple descriptive and physical Cleveland in 1891. The secretarial geography the life of the people, and missionary speakers at that more elaborate accounts of their convention probably represented characters, their customs, dress, an average cross-section of the characteristics, education, social missionary thinking of such groups and moral conditions, ideals and at that time. Not every speaker religion. would agree with the selections from the printed reports given be- Now we are ready to begin the low but they fairly represent the actual missionary task of making appeals and interpretations at Christian and Christ-like every re- that time: lationship in each of these characteristics and customs. During 1. Religious experience was intense. the Interchurch World Movement Appeals were often deeply emotional. period one denominational secretary is reported to have said that 2. The Bible was quoted freely and if we raised all the money then literally. Proof texts with rather arbiasked for, it would end missionary trary exegesis were used as final. New contributions. This interpretation Testament methods of work were held was at least given to some state- as models. ment of his and the statement made more difficult the attempt to secure 3. Our main responsibility was to give pledges. We now face a world the verbal message of the knowledge of whose needs we know better than God to the people of the nations as soon we knew them fifty or twenty or as possible. even ten years ago. We know better now than we did then that 4. Soul winning had great emphasis. Christ is the world's only hope. No values except those related to the spiritual life were mentioned. The mission work of the last 5. One speaker warned against recentury has revealed conditions liance on learning, but urged knowledge that we may liken to Livingstone's of God. One thought we had nothing to learn from the heathen, but it was wise to study their religions to avoid errors in discussion.

6. Heathenism was unmitigated dark- ness. Darkest London would be a candle of light in China.

• The following fncts from the report of the ~~:ts~;~fl~tb:~~ni~6n~~;~~~~lena~nvention 204 7; The mention of social needs was developed. The enterprise is now incidental. ready to begin. Livingstone was exceedingly wise and prophetic in Space will not suffice to mention his statement.

more. There are others but they Money need considerable explanation. The giving of the churches for Today we find some marked con- local expenses and for missions has trasts in the beliefs, as expressed greatly increased dUring the last fifty years. Let us be cautious. in discussion, of Christian people. There has also been a steady in- 1. Little emotion, less verbal expres- crease in the membership of the sion of personal experience. "Hot air best-known denominations. This and sob stuff" indicate the aversion. Re- growth has been gradual under ligion is more matter of fact. normal conditions and spasmodic under such conditions as have fol- 2. The Bible holds as real and as high lowed the union of two denomia place as it ever did, but it is used less nations, or large ingatherings for proof texts and literal authority, following special evangelistic promore for illustration. Experience in our grams that have been large enough mission administration is quoted as well to affect entire communions or as New Testament methods. large parts of them.

3. Preaching is the beginning not the Statistics are not kept now by end. Christian nurture and development most communions as they were a of Christian experience through activity few years ago, and some secreand service are more emphasized. Mere taries have declined to answer the possession of the Gospel is insufficient, it may not mean'much. The gradual de- questions on statistics because the velopment of the Christian life is more figures fifty years ago were not important, and there is therefore no such kept in a manner to be comparable sharp contrast between those with and with those of today. The cost of those without the Gospel as formerly. living has greatly increased in these fifty years and that makes 4. Less emphasis on surrender to God necessary more money to do the than on normal Christian living. Emo- same amount of work, so that intional attitudes are stressed less than creased giving does not always useful service. mean increased work. One mission society is now receiving and ex- 6. More reliance on reason than pending annually many thousands mysticism. more dollars than it did fifteen years ago but has decreased its 6. Appreciation of the contributions of work. The dollar does less. non-Christian civilizations. The United States has greatly 7. Less emphasis on "unoccupied fields" increased in wealth. The average meaning geographical areas and more personal income is the largest in emphasis on Christianizing all of life. the world. Eliminating the fifteen or twenty richest church members, 8. Belief is less definite and there is it will still be true that church greater tolerance towards those of other members have incomes no smaller faiths or denominations. than those of non-church members. Probably the church members 9. The social motive is prominent.

Both of these interpretations are true but neither contains all the truth. Many missionaries and secretaries never held any other views than those attributed to the Cleveland Convention and many do not hold the second list. But the contrasts of the two lists of motives shows that missionary thinking is in a state of change. The Church is changing toward the latter. The latter offers the largest and most complete opportunity, call, chal- lenge and need for missionaries, for Boards, for education, for evangelism, that have ever yet been

average larger incomes, but on the table gives the total expenditures. basis of the average for the country The statistics issued by the we can give more and sacrifice less to do it. United Stewardship Council in December, 1926, indicated a per Blanks were sent to a group of capita for Missions from twentyrepresentatives in various com- seven communions of $4.06 and munions who are in the habit of $21.62 for Current Expenses, reporting to the writer annually which indicates that in the few for statistical purposes. The communions quoted above those of questions asked were of the usual largest per capita are included. and therefore familiar type. The replies represent the same type of The need for mission work was answer and ought to be largely at never greater than today, The least on the same basis. Changes in budgets, changes in internal ad- need of the world for Christ canministration that cannot be ac- not be overestimated. The ability counted for here, might show dis- of Christ to meet the need of the crepancies if every figure were world is unmistakable. There is no analyzed. The general trend would other hope. If changes are coming not be affected. those changes will make Christ more necessary, not less necessary. The table given below is from The opening up of the individual nine well-known denominations that were able to report in the life of millions of church members given time. as a field for the implanting of Christ with the definite object of having Christ as the Lord of that 1875 1900 1927 Gifts for Missions ………………… . $2,158,489 $3,925,901 $18,601,504 Gifts for Current Expenses ………..•. $10,604,047 $22,489,668 $77,717,695 Church Membership ………………. . 1,386,212 Per Capita Gifts to Missions ……….. . $1.56 2,569,116 3,380,491 Per Capita Gifts to Current Expenses …• , $9.43 $1.52 $5.50 $10.77 $22.99 Not all of the nine denomina- life rather than have some lip servtions reported both missions and ice is a far greater mission field current expenses for each of the than we have ever occupied. We three years. Per capita therefore need the passion of Christ, His beis based on the actual contributions lief in Himself, His desire for the and membership reported, while the world, His concern for men.

THOUGHTS WORTH THINKING "The largest realization of the presence of Christ is in the widest fulfillment of the command of Christ."

"If you would give wings to all your work, and lift it out of the ruts and up to the heights, relate your entire church machinery to the whole mission of Christ to humanity."

"The biggest thing in the world is humanity. The greatest challenge in the world is the spiritual need of mankind. The most powerful lever to put under a life or under a church is Christ's program of worldredemption."

"Our interest in missions is a mark of our Christian character. Our knowledge of missions is the measure of our Christian attainment. Our participation in missions is the measure of our Christian efficiency."

SHAH'S MOSQUE AT ISFAHAN

UNITY AND CO-OPERATION IN PERSIA BY BISHOP J, H. LINTON, Isfahan Missionary Bi-shop of the Church of England th~~OhT~Tr: ~~~~i~n;::~C:~~~nC~~r::~: i~ tell us that they did not see the real 6~~~;'reictei:slmna:dc~~~dd~ur~~ldlnt~~f:hea"~ Persia until they reached Isfahan. Invited the Conference to that city. It met Here the bazars are still thoroughly Eastern, and though in the last Z~:i' /;:?{;d;;t tgr "t~~us6o~i~':enc~iS~frh LJ~~ few years the influence of the West ~~~~~n'R~~. Tc~rif. Tiie:.m~ru~~~a~~:n'an"J ~':::dea~h~ ~~~re~ng! ~~:t~~~ a;eJ~ch~l~aif~ has made itself felt, and some shops display their wares behind large the Stuart Memorial College.) I SFAHAN is one of Persia's glass windows, still, when you get ancient capitals. Most of its down to the bazars you feel you glory dates back to the time of have left the West far behind and Shah Abbas, i. e., about the time you are right back in the Isfahan of Queen Elizabeth. The Shah's of Haji Baba with its carpet dealers Mosque and the Palace of Forty and sweet sellers plying their wares Pillars were built by Shah Abbas in the streets.

as was also the fine bridge of thirty- The population of Isfahan is three arches that spans the river. usually given as about 90,000 the But situated as it is near the centre great majority of whom are of the country, many of the pro- nominally Moslems with a few gressive movements which have thousands of Jews and Armenians.

stirred Teheran and the other cities From the roof of the Palace of the of the North in recent years, never Forty Pillars Isfahan is seen to be reached Isfahan. Indeed it prides a veritable garden city. For an itself on being very conservative. arid land like Persia the Isfahan Travellers who enter Persia from valley is very well watered by the the north and come on to Isfahan, Zayenq.eh Rud or Life-giving River.

207

As far as the eye can reach along ference-one of the most epoch the valley there is a green stretch marking events in the history of of cultivation. "There is life modern missions in Moslem lands.

withersoever the river cometh." "Among Those Present" It is a city of mosques, their domes of turquoise blue and their slender There were, at the conference a lofty minarets glistening in the sun. good many converts from Islam Indeed Isfahan is spoken of as both men and women. One of these "Markaz mazhab" or the Centre had been a mullah, i.e., a Moslem of Religion. Until quite recent priest. As he led us in prayer, and years it was one of the most we listened to his sonorous voice, bigoted cities in Persia. When and the Arabic expressions with Lord Curzon wrote his History of which his prayer abounded, one al- Persia he referred to the vain hope most expected to open one's eyes the missionaries had of one day and see standing there a white- carrying on their work in the city turbaned, bearded mullah. His com- of Isfahan! To him it was an im- plete change of attire could not possible hope. In those days the disguise what he had been! An- missionaries and the European other was a brother of a mujtahid, community In general resided in i. e., a Doctor of Islamic Law. Men the Armenian suburb of Julfa, and like these have to count the cost of no Christian was allowed to enter following Jesus in the Way. Still the city, far less to carryon mis- another was son and grandson of sionary work there. It is said that two of the most famous highway- when Christians were first allowed men who ever terrorized travellers to enter Isfahan, they might only on the Persian roads. That boy's do so on dry days, not by any father and grandfather were both chance when it was raining, for, publicly executed a few years ago "a dry dog is bad enough, but a wet in Teheran! Yet such is the "grace dog who can stand"! And in quite of God that bringeth salvation"

recent years it was common to that this youth was among us re- hear people in the bazar call out porting the work of a small branch after one: "Armenian, Armenian, of the Y. M. C. A. run by Persian you dog that guards the door of boys, and telling of their efforts to hell" ! win others for Christ. There were But Lord Curzon's vain hope has two ordained ministers of the become a glorious reality. We have Church in South Persia, both con- a God who glories in doing the im- verts from Islam. There was also possible. Not only are missionaries a fine tall, upstanding and out- carrying on active Christian work standing man, a convert from the in schools and hospitals in the city interesting Moslem sect of the Ali of Isfahan itself, but there is in Ilahis near Kerman. He was that city a flourishing Persian formerly a murshed or priest of Church with a membership of over that sect, and is now a licensed 300, converts from Islam and their preacher of the Gospel.

children. And it was in this once But time would fail to tell of bigoted city that from July 23 to these delegates, both men and August 6 last year, representatives women, miracles of the grace of of the Church from all over Persia God, who have faced everything met in this great Inter-Church Con- and suffered much, and have nobly

UNITY AND CO-OPERATION IN PERSIA

and openly testified to ther faith in Men and women sat there in the Lord Jesus Christ. Nothing council, and Persian women boldly short of a "new birth" could have debated in conference and comwrought the change. One of the mittee, proving themselves well most inspiring occasions in the fitted to take a leading part in the Conference was the session in affairs of their church. There which a number of these converts were delegates from every church from Islam stood up and told how center in ·Persia. Places as far they had been brought to Christ. apart as Meshed on the N. E. frontier and Shiraz in the S. W.; And side by side with those Seistan, newly opened on the very Persian converts from Islam sat edge of Afghanistan, and Urumia Armenians and Assyrians, converts and Tabriz in the N. W.; the oldest from Zoroastrianism and Judaism.

I wonder whether you who read can stations of the Mission in Eersia.

grasp all the significance of that From Kermanshah and Ramadan statement! Think of the age-long they came; from Doulatabad and racial and religious animosity. ex- Kandeh; from Resht and Teheran, isting between these people, and from Yezd arid Kerman as well as then, if you can, visualize them from Isfahan and the surrounding sitting there taking counsel to- district. The mere mention of these gether for the unity of the Church places and their geographical situa..; and the progress of the Kingdom. tion will help you ·to visualizeihe ThLeawstolyn,detrhoefreit!waTshaan·k God. penetration of the Gospel into splendid Persia. It surely took some big delegation of American Presby- controlling purpose to bring all terian missionaries from every these delegates, of such varied race, station in North Persia, and of together. Even two or three years English Episcopal missionaries ago such a conference would have from South Persia. been impossible owing to the slow- 3

ness, danger and cost of transport. betray Him, and another denied But just as in the early days of Him, and they all forsook Him and Christianity Rome drove her roads fled. "Wherefore He is able also across mountains and plains for the to sympathize."

chariots of Cresar to pass over Topics Discussed them, and thus made it possible for the messengers of the Gospel to Among the subjects discussed at reach the uttermost parts of the the Conference were: earth, so today, in Persia, road 1. Evangelism, the primary duty of making, and the development and the Persian Church. cheapness of motor transport, and the safety of the roads have made 2. The office and work of the pastor. 3. The training of workers for the Church.

it possible for Christians from all 4. Steps towards a United Church of over Persia to meet together and Persia.

look one another in the face. One of the most far-reaching re- sults of the discussion on evangel- What Was Done ism was the appointment of the The greater part of the first two first Inter-Church "Home Mission days was taken up with hearing Board" consisting of three Persian reports from the various churches. Christians, converts from Islam, Here one realized something of the and one Armenian. Note that there meaning of fellowship: the fellow- was no foreigner appointed. This ship of rejoicing as we heard of is to be truly indigenous work on churches like Teheran, Yezd and an inter-church basis. There is no Kerman with 50 to 60 converts questioning the fact that after 50 from Islam, or Isfahan with 300. years and more of missionary work Seistan, though it is not yet two (in the north over 90 years) the years since it was opened, told of Church in Persia is not nearly as five converts. Urumia has 1,050 indigenous as it ought to be. Is members of whom 10 are former not this a frank criticism of our Moslems, and so on, every church missionary methods in the past had some fruit for its labors for and a challege to change them? which we thanked God. Then there was Meshed where the church has It may perhaps surprise some, been going through a veritable even in America, to hear that the paper on pastoral work was read trial of fire. Some of those who by a woman! But she carried the were most trusted proved unfaith- conference with her in her picture ful. An elder of the church turned of the need of pastoral work among Persian Christian wefofmecetin~elwY oarckout to be a Bahai. And so with which can be most breaking heart the church had to be purged; and in the conference, complished by women.

the hearts of all went out in a real In the need for more trained fellowship of suffering and sym- workers special emphasis was laid pathy with the church in that far- on work among Christian children.

fiung frontier town, and we prayed The voice of God to the teacher and for it that it may come through parent alike is: "Take this child refined, and more than ever before and nurse it for ME, and I will reflecting the image of the Master. give thee thy wages." Stress was For He too, knows what it means. also laid on the need of training Did not one of His trusted ones Persian Christians for literary

work, especially in view of the very an inspiration. There we saw gathslender library of Persian Chris- ered together all those varied natian literature. tionalities, and as we remembered the animosities and rivalries that The opening paper on "The had divided them for centuries, Church" aimed at showing the and now saw them having all early foundations of the Christian things in common, we thanked God Church and its growth and organ- and took courage. ization as given in the New Testament. It showed how the principles Perhaps in later years, when of both Presbyterian and Episco- the historian writes up this conpal government, together with the ference, it will be seen that it was rights of the congregation, are to not in its official "findings" that ,',.". .

A VIEW OF JRFAITAN FROM THE ROOF OF THE PALACE be found in embryo in the New its chief value lay, important as Testament, while at the same time these undoubtedly were, but in the making clear that none of our fact that Persian Christians from forms of church government as North, South, East and West found they exist today can be found in one another, and meeting one antheir full development in the New other as they did in social inter- Testament. course, in spiritual fellowship and in many a "common meal," dis- The final session was in church covered how much they had in comwhen the' whole conference gath- mon and how little there was that ered for the great act of corporate really divided them. Perhaps the fellowship divinely ordered by our most outstanding features of the blessed Lord. Conference might be summed up in the words of the Apostle: "The Estimating the Values Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Love of God and the Fel- To those of us who have worked lowship of the Holy Spirit." for many years in Persia the social side of the conference was in itself

A CALL FOR PATIENCE WITH CHINA·

BY THE RT. REV. LOGAN H. ROOTS, D.D., Hankow Bishop of the Protestunt Episcopal Ohurch M y PLEA to "Have Patience the natural recognition of merit with China" is one which irrespective of nationality is find- should be heeded by every ing expression again.

friend of the nation, foreign or c. The soundness of the nation's Chinese. I share the disappoint- conscience is being shown even ment and chagrin of almost all the now. Specious leaders, foreign or Chinese I know at the failures, es- Chinese, are being detected and dis- pecially the moral failures, which credited, one after another, at the are besetting the national move- bar of national opinion.

ment in spheres where a few d. Mechanical devices, like sci- months ago success was confident- entific accounting and auditing, are ly anticipated. But in spite of being gradually applied, and will these failures there is no sufficient help China to be honest as they al- reason for' despair, but rather ready help foreign nations. These there are many sound reasons for are recent discoveries, and are be- hope. Some of these reasons are ing recognized as of immense as- as follows: sistance to public as well as private u. The Nationalist movement is integrity, even in the handling of far too deep and powerful for any Church funds. leader or group or party to express or embody it adequately. It will e. Above all, the Christian moveultimately require, as in the case ment in China is showing signs of of every other nation, at least two new life. Those who know it best political parties for its adequate are sure it would not die out even expression; and the failure of any if it were deprived of all help from one party only means that another abroad. But it is showing its charparty will soon arise which we may acteristic inner vitality in the face hope will represent the nation of adverse conditions and persecubetter. tion. It is discriminating between pauperizing and constructive help b. Extreme anti-foreign and from abroad, and is welcoming in anti-Christian feeling and agita- manly fashion the help which will tion, which have marred and weak- still stimulate and build it up; ened the movement in the past, are while at the same time the foreign subsiding. They have done a cer- part of the movement is striving tain amount of good in chastening more earnestly than ever before to the spirit of the foreign nations reorganize and more thoroughly to and also of the Christian forces, in- Christianize its contributions of ducing wholesome self-criticism both money and personnel-lest it and needed changes in attitude and lose both its own soul and the soul policy. But their extreme forms of the people it would save.

have been due to artificial stimulus "Christians are like salt," said a Chiwhich is now being removed, and nese girl, "because salt creates thirst and Christians bring comfort into the 1•9F2~)~ Th e Li' Oh h (N b ",ng urc ovem er 19, floivresthoefthotihnegrss,ofanGdodth."ey create a thirst 212

KU CARRIES

By REV. ARTHUR T. POLHILL, of Szechwan I RECALL many years ago tion arising, be of a contented and (1886) helping to open the yielding spirit. With regard to first house at Paoning; after the anti-Christian movement, you obtaining a suitable house, a boys' should maintain a calm and yet school was opened. One little boy, determined attitude, not easily the grandson of the landlady, Mrs. moved. To resist by propaganda, Ku, an attractive boy of ten, be- either printed or spoken,' may gan coming to school. His was a prove you to be in the right, but Mohammedan family and there- you will not escape public opinion. fore opposed to the Gospel. Forty Rather than oppose them, there- summers have since passed over fore, let us all rouse ourselves up our heads, and this little boy is and by a change of heart and life now Archdeacon and is left in prove ourselves to be Christ's real charge of our district and diocese. disciples, fearing nothing but sin. He has just sent round to all the stations a pastoral epistle exhort- There is another matter which ing the pastors and Christians to I wish you all to realize, namely, be true to Christ, and to seek to that my office is not concerned with finance, and with reference witness boldly for "the faith once to finance I wish to say a few delivered to the saints," as well as words: I speak the truth in to support their own Chinese Christ, we should not again trust church. to the Western missionary so- cieties for our support. Although, Part of Letter Dated June 6, 1927 they make no mention of sudden- Ku, a servant of Christ by the ly casting us off, yet we ourselves will of God, to the pastors, teach- should certainly have a desire for ers, catechists, men and women, self-support, and stir up within church officers, my fellow-laborers ourselves a spirit of self-support, in Christ, this epistle is written. and self-propagation, causing the May God our Heavenly Father church members to realize that the give you grace and peace. Amen. church is not the foreigners'

I have temporarily taken over church, but ours. All should, this great and heavy responsibil- therefore, unite in an endeavor to ity, on the one hand because it collect money for a capital fund could not be avoided, and on the and put the finance on a sound other hand, I have committed it basis. But more important than all to Christ who strengthens me. this is the securing of people filled Moreover, the church officers in with the Holy Spirit to join toall the churches are cooperating gether, for otherwise there will be with me and remembering me in neither permanence nor spiritual- prayer…… . ity. If it is carnal it cannot last.

As touching heresies and super- And here let it be noted how in- stitious teachings, you must nei~ dispensable is sincere prayer if the ther welcome nor compromise with church is to be revived ……. .

such. In case of sudden persecu- The Lord be with you. Amen.

213

OPICS Of THE

Our Jubilee and Annual Meeting tions and work in the various mis- T sion fields, fifty years ago and to- HE Year of Jubilee has come day. Mr. Wilder's hope, expressed and gone. According to the in the first issue of the REVIEW, Levitical law each fiftieth that the magazine would help to year was to be marked by the liber- double the missionary giving, pray- ation of those in bondage and by ing, going and working, was long cessation from ordinary labor. "Ye ago fulfilled. Many of the changes shall not sow or reap" said the law in missionary policies which he ad- of God. The REVIEW did not so ob- vocated have also been made. He serve our Year of JUbilee for we emphasized without ceasing the are not serving under the Levitical need for more earnest prayer, more law but are servants of Christ. The sacrificial giving and greater de- sowing and the reaping have con- pendence upon the guidance and tinued for fifty years and rich power of the Holy Spirit. These spiritual harvests have resulted. ambitions and emphasis have also The completion of these first fifty animated Mr. Wilder's successors.

years of service was fittingly cele- While the REVIEW was enlarged brated on February eleventh by a and made more popular under sub- Jubilee Luncheon coincident with sequent editors, so as to include the annual meeting of the REVIEW both home and foreign missions Corporation. On this happy occa- and to give greater attention to sion about sixty stockholders and missionary history and literature, friends gathered to give thanks and has reflected the increased and to rejoice in the blessing of complexity in missionary work, we God that has rested upon the work. have continued to stand first of all Few missionary periodicals can for the preaching of the pure Gos- look back over a period of fifty pel of Christ, with dependence years of unbroken service. Many upon God in every department of have fallen by the wayside. They the work.

have "come to pass," while the RE- When it became clear, in the year VIEW, like Daniel, has "continued" 1916, that an independent company unto the present day. must be formed, if the REVIEW was The story of the early days of to continue its service, a group of struggle and achievement under large-hearted friends contributed the editorship of Rev. Royal G. the necessary capital. The first Wilder, the founder of the maga- Board of Directors consisted of zine, has already been told in our Mr. Robert E. Speer, President, pages. The progress in the for- Mrs. A. F. SchaufHer, Mrs. Henry eign and home missionary enter- W. Peabody, Mr. Fleming H. Re- prise has also been recounted in veIl, Mr. Frank L. Brown, Mr.

the contrasting pictures of condi- Walter McDougall (Treasurer), 214 Professor Harlan P. Beach, Mr. and in foreign fields is shown by D i c kin son W. Richards, Dr. the following letter just received Charles R. Watson and the present from a missionary in Southeastern editor as secretary. Of these di- Africa. It is a sample of many: rectors five are still on the Board. Later Mrs. Anna Van Santvoord, The MISSIONARY REVIEW has been very Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Dr. William 1. highly appreciated during the year on Chamberlain, Mr. Frederick L. our stations in the Transvaal. The ar- Colver, Dr. Eric M. North and Mr. ticles, etc., have stimulated, cheered, en- Samuel McCrea Cavert became couraged and inspired us. Not only have members; four of these friends they helped us personally as workers in have passed on to higher service this great cause of establishing God's with great loss to the REVIEW. By Kingdom in this great needy field, but faithful, energetic, prayerful ef- the inspiration engendered in our hearts fort we have sought together to and lives we have been privileged to solve the editorial, circulation and pass on to others and we have had a financial problems-with what suc- share in creating a larger interest on the cess our readers can judge. part of the Church here in winning the African to Christ. Thus directly the The REVIEW covers editorially REVIEW has had a large part in bringing the whole world and printed last about this changed attitude. We can well year some 140 signed articles con- remember when it was almost taboo here cerning all mission fields and gath- to mention missionary work among the ered over 700 news items relating Africans, now we can talk about it in to missions of all denominations private and in public and the messages and practically every country in are sympathetically received. Some of the world. That Home Missions the Churches here have increased their have a proper place in this world- offerings to missions for the African. wide view is shown by the fact that last year twenty articles, in addi- About one third of our subscribtion to numerous news items, ers are ministers, one third women dealt with the work in America. and one third laymen, secretaries In the first volume (1878) there of mission boards, editors and liwere only three signed articles, the braries. But the REVIEW reaches remainder being the work of the a much larger clientele than its editor or were extracts from re- subscription list would show. Pasports and periodicals. tors gather from it material for sermons, others use it for mission- While the circulation of the RE- ary meetings in churches and con- VIEW is not large (as circulation is counted today) it reaches the most ventions and it is very largely influential key men and key women quoted both at home and abroad in engaged in promoting the Cause of magazines and papers that reach a Christ at home and abroad. It total circulation roughly estimated goes particularly to leaders who use the magazine not only for their at over two million. The REVIEW own interest and edification, but as goes to every state in the Union a source of information and in- and to practically all countries in spiration that they may pass on to others. The esteem in which the the world. REVIEW is held by many workers in outlying frontiers in America Since the REVIEW is primarily a missionary and educational enter- prise it has never been fully self- supporting. The cost of publica- tion has naturally increased since 1878 when work was carried on along the most simple lines and the editor was also manager of all de- departments, clerk, bookkeeper, proof reader and errand boy. The

cost of printing and paper was Mrs. E. C. Cronk and Mr. Freder- then exceedingly low and one issue ick L. Colver (who were called of the magazine could be put in Home last year), Mrs. Orrin R.

the mails at approximately one Judd, Treasurer of the Council of tenth of the cost today, including Women for Home Missions and a all expenses. But the readiness member of the Woman's American of the public to pay for such a Baptist Home Mission Society, and periodical has not increased in pro- the Rev. William Bancroft Hill, portion. The REVIEW must be con- D.D., a member of the Foreign sidered as a missionary and educa- Mission Board of the Reformed tional enterprise. How many Church in America, a member of schools and colleges, that are worth the Committee of Reference and while, are supported wholly by the Council of the Foreign Missions tuition paid by the students? If Conference, and President of the the REVIEW is a real asset in pro- Board of Trustees of the American moting the Kingdom of God on University at Cairo. These were earth, we are justified in seeking unanimously elected. After brief support from large-hearted, devot- remarks by friends of the REVIEW, ed stewards of Christ's bounty. the meeting adjourned.

These have not been lacking. Last year fourteen of the home and for- Church Competition or eign mission boards and twentyfive friends generously contributed " CCooperation to enable the REVIEW to continue OMPETITION may be the its service without an accumUlating life of trade, but is the deficit. They have done this not death of vital religion,"

only once but annually. To these says Irvin E. Deer, the General friends and to God, who has guided Secretary of the Council of them and us, the gratitude of the Churches of Kansas City, who REVIEW and of the Board of Direc- sends us the following report of tors is heartily extended. It is our the recent Church Comity Confer- earnest purpose to make the RE- ence, where four hundred delegates VIEW more valuable and more ef- met in Cleveland from January fective in its service month by 20th to 22d to discuss how Prot- month. Our efforts are also to ex- estant Christian Churches can tend its circulation until it reaches work together more effectively to every evangelical mission station make America Christian.

in the world and some key man or The significance of this confer- woman in every church that is do- ence is attested by the fact that ing work for God and humanity. three great bodies called it to- The annual meeting of the RE- gether, the Home Missions Coun- VIEW was marked by the usual re- cil, the Council of Women for ports of the Treasurer and the Home Missions, and the Federal Secretary and by an address by the Council of Churches of Christ in President. The Nominating Com- America. The delegates included mittee, of which Mr. Dwight H. representatives of the outstanding Day was chairman, proposed the ecclesiastical bodies of the larger names of the existing Board of evangelical denominations, espe- Directors for the ensuing year for cially those having home mission reelection and, to fill the places of or church extension activities. The

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

importance of the gathering is also Apparently more study has been attested by the subjects discussed given to the rural church situation -Comity, Cooperation, and Effi- than to that in the city, for the ciency in Protestant work in survey material presented had far America. more relation to rural than to While a few delegates were in- urban problems. Most students of clined to take extreme views, the the rural church have agreed upon general tendency was toward a the principle that one Protestant sane attitude. Some insisted upon church is sufficient to serve a popu- displaying most discreditable facts lation of 1,000 people. For rural which might have led one to be- America there is now one church lieve that the normal situation for every 550. In the cities, how- everywhere was like that in the ever, there is no such method of county where there was reported measurement. Urban life is so one church for every 95 inhabi~ complex that the facts are dffiicult ants, and 97 of its 117 churches as to interpret. Dr. Paul Douglas served by nonresident pastors. On showed, by statistical studies, that the other hand, some officials, with in the average city community problems of budgets before them, about 50% of church goers leave openly spoke against allowing cer- the community in which they live tain statements of' conditions to to find their church home at a dis- become public lest contributions be tance. This makes it necessary to withheld. On the whole the ma- give more study to city church life jority were willing to face the con- before any general principle to ditions frankly, so as to discover regulate competition can be formu- the truth. That is obviously the lated.

sane and reasonable course. If a A practice of comity that mere- man has a toothache, it is not suf- ly tries to prevent overlapping will ficient to tell him that all his other never solve the problem of Amer- teeth are good, neither should he ican Protestantism. Comity com- consent to part with all his teeth missions should become interde- because one may be diseased or nominational Boards of Church superfluous. Extension, planning adequately to One delegate contended that if meet all the religious needs of all comity should lead us to accept the the population. The present orgy plan of one church for a commu- of building expensive churches in nity, free from competition or prosperous suburbs is of very overlapping, we are practically doubtful expediency. Dr. Douglas conceding that one church is as suggested the location of churches good as another and that individual at natural centers, since in many convictions are unimportant. Such situations several churches near a contention would lead to the abo- some such center would involve no lition of denominational distinc- competition or overlapping.

tions and to the adoption of general The facts gathered by denomina- church union. The Conference tional and interdenominational was not enthusiastic on the subject organizations (notably by the In- of such union; rather it was in stitute for Social and Religious Re- favor of cooperation and preferred search) point clearly to the need to regulate, rather than eliminate, for a careful study of the situation competition. in every city and community. Nei-

ther real estate developments nor The Home Missions Conference the rivalry of denominational REPRESENTATIVES of twenboards is wholly responsible for ty-six great national Home over churching. Nor is the lack of Mission boards met in Cleve- land, January 23d to 24th inclufunds and preachers responsible sive, in their twenty-first annual conference. Following immediatefor underchurched communities. ly after the Comity Conference, the discussions naturally dealt The remedy for both is to be found largely with the questions of dein a knowledge of the facts and in mand and supply in church work, Christlike devotion and coopera- and cooperation in rural and urban communities. There were also tion to supply every community considerations of such topics as with adequate Gospel service. A "Changing Conceptions of Mission- ary Service," Indian Missions, New constructive five year program of Americans, and Christian Expan- sion. Dr. Charles L. White was advance was adopted which, if fol- reelected president. Dr. Wm. R. King is the E'l!:ecutive Secretary. lowed, will do much to guarantee that the millions of dollars, now The Coming Jerusalem Meeting being annually spent to aid weak T HE "enlarged" meeting of churches, will be used to advance, the International Missionary Council, to be held at Jerunot to retard the growth of the salem from March 24th to April Kingdom of God. 8th, is to discuss five main sub- jects: The Five Year Program 1. The Christian Life and Message in 1. A survey of the whole field of in- relation to non-Christian systems and terdenominational comity in Home Mis- thought. On this subject there will be sion work. papers by Dr. N. Macnicol (Hinduism); Canon W. H. T. Gairdner (Islam); Rev. 2. An intensive and sustained effort to A. K. Reischauer (Northern Buddhism); secure the indicated adjustments by the Professor K. J. Saunders (Southern various denolJlinational and local groups. Buddhism); Dr. Willard Lyon (Con- fucianism); Professor Rufus Jones 3. The attainment of the following (Secular Civilization). practical objectives: 2. The Principles and Practice of Re- (a) The elimination within a dennite ligious Education: papers by Dr. L. A. period of all competition between de- Weigle and Mr. J. H. Oldham. nominations in WhICh the use of home mission funds is involved. 3. The Relation of the Older Churches of Christendom to the Younger Churches (b) The furtherance of understand- Overseas: a statement by the officers of ings between denominations, looking to the Council. the elimination of competition in whicb home mission funds are not involved. 4. Christian Responsibility in Regard to Relations between Races, Industrial (c) The allocation of responsibility on Relations and the Life of Rural Coma noncompetitive basis for needed exten- munities: papers by President John sions of Christian work and securing the Hope (racial relations in America); acceptance of such allocations by the Rev. William Paton (industrial relations bodies concerned. in the East); President K. L. Butter- field (rural problems). (d) The securing of cooperation of the bodies concerned in the initiation of 5. The Future of Internati01/:al Misany necessary projects to be conducted sionary Cooperation. A paper by Dr. jointly, as, for example, the formation of Mott. interdenominational Larger Parishes, the joint provision of religious education facilities, the provision of unified religious services at public institutions, Farm and Cannery Migrants, Religious Work Directors in Government Indian Schools, Bureau of Reference for Migrating People, etc.

(e) Strengthening or creating the necessary interdenominational bodies, local or regional, to assist in carrying the above points into effect and to provide channels for cooperative action in other fields of interest.

GIRLS, YOUNG, OLD, AND Along another line a different

OLDER of leadership has been developed. We By ANNA CANADA SWAIN, have been stressing not only the need Providence, R. I. for good program meetings but also for real mission study classes. In Presidellt of The lVoman;'s Bapt'ist Mi••ion doing this there has inevitably risen, Society of Rhode Isltmd as in our church schools of missions, the question of the teacher. A few For the last twelve years in the women have shown natural outstand- Northern Baptist Convention there has been a missionary organization of young women called the "World Wide ing ability, and in consequence have Guild," commonly referred to as the been overwhelmed with requests for W. W. G. Many have been the adapta- their services. But a woman who is tions of those three letters, but none busy in local church and is doing even expresses the ideals of the missionary a small amount extra in association or women of the denomination better state work has not time to teach many than Women's Work Guaranteed. loutside classes. The lack of teachers Developing Leaders has caused a growing feeling that study classes could not be urged. Realizing from sad experience that one of the great lacks in local women's The following plan was designed to meet this situation. One of the wom- missionary organizations has been the en of the city threw open her home lack of leadership, from the very start for three Saturday afternoons, when of the World Wide Guild, great atten- three experienced teachers taught two tion has been paid to the development chapters each of the current study of that quality. The experience has book. Two hours of hard study were brought results beyond our hopes. spent and many suggestions were giv- One fruitful means of developing en to those taking the course. Right our girls has been the fact that officers here came the delightful surprise.

are not encouraged to feel that they Each branch of the Guild had been are indispensable in their positions urged to find one or two women or for too long a period. In fact, in many girls in its own church who would of the organizations there is a definite take the course and then teach a local term of service. In one of the local Guild class. organizations the first few years the The response was gratifying be- p.residency of the organization was yond our highest hopes-some school given to girls socially popular, but teachers (a class of people, by the later, as the more quiet girls came way, whom we ought to use more), into office, the work was better done, some of the older women of the church and hidden ability blossomed forth in who were willing to do their utmost to quite an amazing way. I am convinced help the girls, but best of all, large that these same girls, were it not for numbers of girls came—mostly by the Guild, would probably, in twenty twos. Many were willing to go in years, have joined the overflowing with some friend and take three les- ranks of women in our churches who sons each.

can follow but never dare to take real Some wondered at the younger girls responsibility in leadership. who volunteered, but one of the young- ~19

est taught one of the best prepared the still younger girls and children and best conducted mission study of the church. classes that I have ever attended. This group of fifteen or sixteen year Too often in women's missionary old girls was taught by a physically societies the work goes on "as usual," small seventeen year old, and the whole and gradually everyone, including the task was taken most seriously both officers, loses sight of the goals. In by class and teacher. order to combat this tendency the lo- cal organizations in at least one state A vital spot in the development of guild were asked several years ago leadership of girls is found in the to begin submitting by October first counselor of the group. For such a to the State Secretary a plan of the position a woman must be found who year's work. This idea has worked has a youthful viewpoint and is vitally splendidly and has helped, along with and enthusiastically interested in the the standard of excellence, to crystalwhole business of missions. If she has lize the ideas of girls so that they realthese two qualities, she is almost cer- ize more clearly their aims. The tain to be successful. Her youthful following standard of excellence (used A WORLD WIDE GUILD HOUSE P ARTY AT KEUKA COLLEGE. NEW YORK viewpoint will help her to realize that in Rhode Island) is typical of the girls love to launch things but need standards which the girls are setting prodding sometimes to make them up for themselves all over the terricomplete the tasks. It will also help tory of the Northern Baptist Convenher to understand that up-to-date girls tion. will not long keep an interest in a work where the counselor does all the Senior Standard of Excellence planning and most of the work. If she has an enthusiastic love of the 1. For Guilds having a membership of work, she will be so filled with a knowl- less than 35, for each 100/0 increase in edge of it from her reading and her membership-2 points ; for Guilds havcontacts with missionaries, etc., that ing a membership of more than 35, for she will impart her interest almost each 10% increase-4 points. unconsciously to the girls. Moreover, the paragon pictured above will grad- 2. For dues of 10 cents per member ually, as the girls grow older and paid by November 16-5 points. more able, shift the burden to the younger shoulders, and leave especial- 3. For each Mission Study Class-15 ly in their hearts a feeling of respon- points. sibility for the missionary work among 4. For a six-weeks' study class, made up of at least 50% of your membership, using the Guild Book as a textbook-15 points.

5. For each regular program meeting -1point.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

6. For winning the National Reading Reading Contests Contes1r-15 points. Many and varied have been the 7. For each tither in your Guild-l plans used to put over Reading Con- point. tests, one of the finest pieces of mis- sionary education ever done in our 8. For each White Cross meeting-1 Guilds. In order to win a local Guild point. must have each member read indi- vidually two home misaion books, two 9. For each missionary play or pageant foreign mission books, and one in- -5 points; for each repeated play or spirational book. pagean1r-3 points. We have discovered three important 10. For each 10% of members learning points to be covered if the Reading the following- hymns-,-l point: Contest is to be a success.

"Lord, speak to me that I may speak." Most important is the choice of "Jesus shall reign." books. Especially in the case of be- "Fight the good fight." ginners, books should be chosen which are not too advanced or too hard read- 11. For each 10% of your members ing. But after a Guild has been winhaving Missions or Everyland in the ning the contest for several years we family-1 point. try to bring up their standards and have them choose books which are 12. For each satisfactory essay sub- more than entertaining. mitted in the Essay Contes1r-5 points. Getting the Books 13. For each 10% of your members taking missionary courses at Northfield Although the cost of missionary or Ocean Park-l0 points; for each 100/0 books is not very great, still in a large of your members taking missionary guild where several sets of books are courses at R. I. Summer School-2 needed, there is more or less expense points; for each 10% of your members involved. Senior guilds are usually at House PartY-5 points. able and willing to buy their own books, but in the case of the younger 14. For each girl working regularly girls interested men or women in the with C. W. C., or Jr. W. W. G.-5 points; church are usually glad to buy the for each girl working regularly in our books for the girls. In other cases State Italian and Portugese Missions-5 the girls use their fines for overkeeppoints; for each girl teaching in vacation ing the books to buy the new books Bible School-5 points. of the next year. Of course, in the case of an 'organization which has a 15. For definite plan of your year's regular budget, the matter automatiwork submitted to the State Secretary cally cares for itself. before October 1s1r-5 points. An agency which is not used in this 16. For each 10% of your members connection as much as it should be is teaching in Sunday School which has the Public Library. At least two lidefinite missionary program-l0 points; braries in Rhode Island, and unfor each 10% of your members enrolled doubtedly some in other states, in Sunday School which has definite mis- maintain missionary shelves and are sionary program-5 points. glad to supply the books, provided that there is a real demand for them. (Each member may qualify in but one of the above classes, either as a teacher Getting the Readers or as a member of the school, not as both.) There seems to be little difficulty in getting the girls to read, providing Each Sunday School must submit out- they can be coaxed through the first line of missionary nrogram before N0- year's course. An important factor vember 15th in order to be recognized in getting the readers, however, is a as missionary Sunday School.

Junior Standard of Excellence The Junior Standard is just like the Senior, except that it omits Division 14. Junior Chapters are composed, of girls, 74% of whose membership- are 16 or under.

Honor Chapters All Senior Chapters earning 175 points or over on this Standard will be designated Honor Chapters, and a silver candelabra will be awarded to the Chapter having the most points.

All Junior Chapters earning 125 points or over on this Standard will be designated Honor Chapters, and the Guild medallion will be awarded to the Chapter having the most points.

Chairman of Reading Contest who is the aid of as many girls as she wishes systematic in prodding the delinquents to draft into service. and in continually keeping the matter before the members in attractive post- In the National World Wide Guild, ers or in intriguing book-reviews. two sets of programs are printed each year, one for use in Senior, the other Getting the Prize for Teen age. In addition to these, attention is also called to a great deal The awards for winning the con- of supplementary material in order test are beautiful artotypes of great that the new generation of missionary religious pictures by old masters. One women may know more about program Guild in Pennsylvania has won this building and adapting than the prescontest for nine consecutive years, and ent generation. many others have won five, six, or seven times. Most Guilds like to A thing especially emphasized is the frame their first picture and with ap- getting away from reading out of propriate ceremonies unveil and pre- books or from papers. Thus not only sent it to the church or Sunday School. is the meeting infinitely more inter- Such a ceremony gives an opportunity esting but the girls develop along a to inform the people of the church as line which is bound to be helpful to to the aims and ideals of the organi- them later in many ways. zation. An important part of the program Another plan which has meant much is the worship service. Girls everyboth to the givers and receivers has where have grown spiritually as they beEm the presentation of framed pic- have learned the words of such beautures to Christian centers, thus help- tiful hymns as "0, Master, let me ing to cement a friendship between walk with thee," "Have thine own the old and new Americans. way, Lord," etc. They have learned to pray for definite needs upon fields Program Building that they have grown to love, and they have learned that this part of the pro- With the many helps available mis- gram is not simply a task for a counsionary programs should be a com- selor but a privilege to be shared paratively easy task nowadays; but, joyfully by all. alas, we sometimes wonder as we hear complaints and wailings. The prin- Another kind of program which decipal requisite to put over a program serves a section to itself is the mission is common sense, but so hard is it to study class. The ideal way to have find, that it really ought to be called a Guild study class is to have it in uncommon sense. conjunction with the rest of the church in a regular Church School of Mis- In a large organization the problem sions. More than one Church School of programs is not so perplexing. The of Missions has been started because plan which we have found to work Guild girls have urged it and encourbest is one program committee of five aged it. . members which functions during the whole year. This committee works In cases where such a school is not in close touch with the counselor and possible, Guilds have found it most as many of the committee as possible helpful to hold a study class before take instruction at some summer prayermeeting on six nights during school or Guild House Party on the Lent. Formidable as the name sounds, book or books of the year. As early it seems to have rio terrors for the as possible the general purpose of the present day girls; and if a good teachbook is talked over in the general er is available, there is no difficulty in committee and then two programs getting together a group of girls to each are assigned to the five members. study intensiv~ly a missionary book. Each member then works up her programs to the best of her ability with Plays and Pageant.

One of the best ways of educating

1928J METHODS FOR WORKERS

along missionary lines is a good play the vestry soon brought a row of boys or pageant well executed by actors across the back of the vestry. who wish not only to put over a fine piece of work technically, but wish One group which has done especialto be sure that the message reaches ly effective work in dramatizations each one. Such a group of girls put have caused their performances to be on "The Pill Bottle" a week before remembered by a souvenir program the New World Movement drive was given each person. These programs, launched. A husband and wife in the on account of expense, were not done audience who had up to that time been at a printer's but were the work of interested in the church only as a the girls themselves on the mimeosocial organization, with tears in their graph. Many were the ideas which eyes, immediately after the perform- they worked out. For the program ance told the young actresses that they of "Broken China" with a few deft had been planning to give nothing to lines a string of three Chinese lan- terns was suggested and then colored the much-talked-of New World Move- brilliantly. For "The Pill Bottle" the ment but that they could no longer doctor father of the president of the refuse. guild donated small wooden pill bot- A GUILD PAGEANT "SWEE']' I,AND O~' LIBER-TEA"

So many of us have been pained ties from which was taken the proby poorly given dramatizations that gram mimeographed on a long narrow it seems rather trite to urge adequate sheet of paper. preparation. Here is an idea worked out by a local organization which is Another guild has done particularly not trite. The leader was anxious to good work in dramatizing missionary develop the prayer-meeting-going hab- hymns. They were inspire9 to do this it in her girls, so she called for re- by the especially fine pantOibime of hearsals on prayermeeting nights "0, Zion, haste," published by the only, and urged everyone to bring sup- Methodist Board. per. She furnished hot cocoa. The results were splendid. The girls en- In all the dramatic work there needs joyed eating together, a good hour's to be a word of warning as to too rehearsal got the prospective drama- much of it. Girls love to act, and tization well underway. It appealed almost inevitably if there is an over tl) the pride I)f the girls that the emphasis on it, a counselor is placed Pllstor was much pleased with their in the hard position of having firmly coming. In that particular church and tactfully to refuse to allow the prayermeeting did become a habit, and girls to go into the play-giving busithat row of girls across the front of ness.

The following missionary plays and pageants have been especially popular:

Broken China, The Pill Bottle, Chee "Dear— Moo's Choice, Jelizabeta, A Willing Captive, A Stitch in Time, Two Mas- The time has come for World Wide ters, The Light of the World, The Guilds Girl Who Fell Thru' the Earth, Brotherhood's Adventure in America, To speak of many things; From Self to Service, Short Mission- Of missions and of White Cross work, ary Plays, and More Short Missionary Plays. And all our budgetings. For now we start a brand New Year, Consecrated Money With nice new pledges, too, It has been customary from the That in our giving we may help very start of our organization to stress stewardship, and in consequence The Master's work to do. we have an amazing number of tithers. Below you'll find the budget Plan, The girls have been made to feel their responsibility toward the unified budg- Which very plainly shows, et of the denomination. In addition Just why we need your pledges now, to this they have been privileged to give an extra love gift which also And where the money goes. goes into the Unified Budget. Of late So please fill in the slip enclosed, this has amQunted to about $40,000 per year, and the girls have loved to As promptly as can be, give it' Like women, the girls are And give it to a member of gl~~10 shoulder big responsibility for th$ work .they love. The Finance Committee."

There is a growing tendency for Rallies, House Parties, and Summer Guilds to adopt budgets. Here is a sample one taken from Miss Alma Schools Noble's "The Guild Book;" It is the most natural thing in the Special Thank Offering .•.•.•.. $100.00 world for girls ~ like to feel that State Dues .••..••••••.•••…. 2.00 they belong not ~only to a small local . Chapter Expenses organization, but, to a large enthusi- astic group which spreads around the a. Printing •…•.•…••.•… 5.00 whole world. Nothing helps to foster b. Reading Contest Book •.•• 10.00 this feeling any more than attendance c. White Cross Materials ••.. 15.00 at rallies, house parties, and summer d. Poster ••••••••••••••…•• 3.00 schools. e. Sundries •..•…•..•••••.. 5.00 Delegates to summer conferences 30.00 The State House Party has grown Christmas gifts …………… 30.00 within the last six years from a doubt- ful experiment to an absolute neces- Total ..•..••..•…..•••.•••. $200.00 sity. Whether it is held for a whole week, as in California and New York, The older girls who are earning or for a three days week-end, as in their own money give generously their most other states; whether it draws larger gifts, while the school girls four hundred girls or only seventyhave all sorts of methods of taking five, still the final report is the same care of their budgets. At a recent that it is here to stay. house party a large poster was made with suggestions for the younger Usually either a hotel or a school girls as to ways of making money. is hired for the period, and it is Everyone who knew of a plan which amazing at what a small price this had proved successful, or a firm which can be done. The girls are asked for was generous in its commissions, an- a small registration fee, which finances nounced it, and it was put on the the program. Every attempt is made poster for future reference. to give practical help toward the year's work, at the same time giving ample .An older guild which is in the habit time for the spiritual inspiration so of raising a budget of $750.00 sent necessary in bringing to completion the following letter to each member: a long-drawn-out task.

One house party (and it is typical of the others) ended their three days in this way. Two days had been given to plans for the year, helps on mission study books, bonfire, missionary dra- matics, beach party, etc., and the one hundred and seventy-five girls came

METHODS FOR WORKERS

to Sunday morning realizing that it group of new Americans who are hav- was to be the best day of the three. ing hard work with some of their A very beautiful devotional period guild plans. Many girls report great was conducted on the beach before inspiration from the contacts with the breakfast. Immediately after break- missionaries, and several will give fast the girls gathered in the big their lives, God willing, in definite room of the hotel for a consecration Christian service. Who can measure service. One of the women of the the influence, often unexpressed in the state talked a few moments on having lives of countless others!

our lives as they are lived in school The "In-Between" Age and home and office square up with what we profess; and she was im- Theoretically there should be no gap mediately followed by four young mis- between the Guild and the Woman's sionaries who told briefly how they Society-but actually there is one; at had been led to decide on their life times so wide a one that it looks like work. Then all bowed in prayer, and a veritably impassable chasm.

at suggestions given quietly from Young women who have enjoyed time to time, they prayed silently that the fellowship and enthusiasm of the God might show them His will and Guild for many years gradually begin that they might be strong to follow. to realize that most of the girls at- They also asked God's blessing upon tending house parties and rallies the missionaries to whom they had look like children; while on the other listened, and especially upon State hand the teen-age girls whisper to Guild Girls who had already gone into each other, "Do they call themselves definite Christian service. girls 7" This is a natural reaction on This service was followed by an both sides. The older group survey hour of quiet walking and talking on the situation, and frankly it looks very the beach, and at eleven o'clock they gloomy to them. Much as they hate returned to the big room which in the to admit it, they feel that they have meantime had been transformed into outgrown the Guild; but the Woman's something which looked very much Society does not appeal to them. This like a church. All entered quietly and is not surprising when we survey all bowed in prayer and then participated too many of our women's societies.· in a regular church service. Twenty- The situation is being met success- five girls had found time somewhere fully in two ways. Either a Senior in the busy rush to practice, and two Guild resigns as a Guild and becomes beautiful anthems were given. The a second woman's missionary society sermon was given by a national sec- in the church, or the group as a whole retary just back from a trip to China, enters the existing women's society.

Japan, and the Philippines. The ideal way would be the latter, but The reports from this particular as long as human nature is what it house party are typical. One girl is, there seems to be more or less says that the Sunday service has made difficulty in reaching the ideal. A her a different girl, and that she is certain intolerance of attitude on the through with Sunday "movies"; and part of the younger women, and an reports both from home and church apparent jealousy on the part of the would indicate a real change in her. older women combine to make work Another girl feels very differently to- together seem in many cases almost ward "foreigners" since a warm impossible. Add to this the fact that friendship with a delightful Italian the two groups are products of two girl was cemented at the house party. different types of missionary training Still another whole Guild have be- and interest, and it is easily seen that come so inbued with the idea of a the older woman naturally resents the living Christianity that they have be- intrusion of new plans and methods, come very friendly with a young while the younger woman, fresh from 4

the enthusiasm of the girls' organiza- the women in their local societies, and tion, finds the women's society a dull have given them this help as they place indeed. start the winter's work.

One of our most successful plans Briefly. the practical help given may for bringing about a change of feel- be summed up as follows: Two mising' on the part of the younger women sionary banquets were put on with toward the older women has been suggestive toasts, invitations, etc.; an along the line of making the state hour each was given to an intensive woman's society more attractive to study of "The Adventure of the both old and young. To do this we Church" and "A Straight Way Toward have inaugurated a woman's house Tomorrow," with a competent leader party three days long in the same hotel in charge; missionary methods were in which the World Wide Guild· holds given in a very striking way by one theirs, and just previous to theirs in of our state experts; a national secorder that traveling expenses of state retary of our children's missionary officers and missionaries may be saved. organization was present and did most effective work; five dramatizations The plan was launched with many were staged, all of them exceedingly misgivings, but was received with well done; a devotional period rungreat enthusiasm. Now, a few months ning through the various sessions after the first woman's house party taught by the same woman was most is over and distance enables us to look helpful; while. lastly, our missionary at it in a more critical way, we are guests, one home and one foreign, forced to certain conclusions which made a profound impression. are worthy of consideration. College Girls In the first place, we realize as we never have before that women can en- A group of girls whom we need to joy a house party just as much as hold in all of our denominations is the merriest group of girls. This did the group attending our normal not appear at the first meal which we schools and colleges. Because of necesate together, when friends insisted sity they are overwhelmed with work upon sitting together and almost and are in most cases away from everyone looked somewhat suspicious- home, there is a natural tendency to ly at everyone else and drew back drift from definite church responsifrom entering the various activities. bility. This does not mean that there In a few hours, however, the same is no training along these lines. Mrs. groups were transformed. Everyone Cronk in the December, 1925, copy of entered happily into drawing lots for the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD places at the table; there were almost gave an excellent resume of some more would-be actresses for impromp- campus activities from within. tu missionary dramatics than were needed; and, best of all, an enthusiasm It is our purpose briefly here to outfor our missionary program developed line what is being done by the miswhich is being felt in all branches of sionary women of the Northern our state work and in the local or- Baptist Convention through a series ganizations as well. of college counselors in district, state and local universities. The college As we review the whole affair we counselor receives her instructions and realize that we were able to accom- plans somewhat as follows: plish to a large degree the purpose for which we aimed. We have brought "The work of the College Counselor about a finer spirit of fellowship is to preserve and develop the link beamong our women; we have proved tween the denomination and the student to the "in-betweens" that the women's not only for the sake of securing recruits organizations, too, can have their good for the mission fields or other forms of times; and, lastly, we have given Christian service but for the sake of practical suggestions for the use of developing an intelligent, able constitu- ency filled with missionary consecration.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"The type of woman needed for this "They can he greeted in church by work is one who understands the view- name and their absences followed up by point of the college girl. She must be a personal messages. woman of culture and personality. She must have a deep spiritual nature and "Church homes may be placed at the a passion for the advancement of the disposal of the College Counselor for Kingdom. group meetings.

"It is the aim of the District College "A large number of women in our Counselor to secure a counselor for every church membership live in places from state in her district. which girls go to college. Their connec- tion with the College Counselor work is "It is the aim of the State College also definite and vital. The girl who Counselor to secure a local counselor goes away to school needs to feel the in each community where there is a uni- interest of the home church following versity, college or academy which Baptist her. How can she be made aware of this girls attend. interest? Through the women at home, of course! "Local College Counselors may intro- duce themselves to the Dean of Women "Write to her new pastor and the and the Y. W. C. A. Secretary, and se- College Counselor in the place where she cure a list of Baptist students from them goes to school. or from the Registrar's office; also get a list of the foreign girl students, wheth- "Write friendly letters to the girl. er Christians or not, from the Committee "Invite her to your home during vaca- on Friendly Relations with Foreign Stu- tions and keep in touch with her interests. dents, International Committee Y. M. C. "See that the church recognizes in A., 347 Madison Avenue, New York City. some suitable way the departure of students in the fall and their return on "Local Counselors should seek con- vacations. Some churches have a special stantly to keep in touch with Baptist prayer service for students before they college girls; welcome them to their leave in the fall and have social or homes; make every effort to see that other meetings on their return, to hear they become acquainted quickly in the of their work, and especially of the local Baptist church, and find there a church affiliations which they have made. place to serve. "The church needs more intelligent leadership than ever before, and if our "They should arrange during the year, Baptist young people can be encouraged by various and attractive methods, to to train, not only for the sake of selfpresent information about the progress development, but also with the definite of Baptist work; plan if possible to have purpose of fitting themselves to serve the students meet denominational leaders Christ more intelligently and effectively, and lend missionary literature to inter- the future leadership of the church will ested girls. not constitute so serious a problem."

"As opportunity offers with individ- HELPFUL AND SUGGESTIVE BOOKS for those inuals, they should count it their greatest terested in Girl's Missionary Work. The privilege to encourage young women to Guild Book (Baptist); Book of M'. (Method- 1st); 3 and 30 Ml8B1onary Games (United fill places of Christian leadership as Brethren Leaflet); LealIe"ship oj Girl.' Acvolunteer workers in the local church or t;1!it/e8 (Methodist); Service. JOT the Open as employed workers on the mission fields. (Century). The candidate secretaries should be informed of any promising young women The Foreign Mission Journal who are considering the missionary says that it is the custom in many enterprise as a life work. places to endeavor to preach one great missionary sermon in the "The work of the College Counselors year and expect that to enlighten is therefore twofold in its aims: and inspire the people. "How would it do to put all the salt we "To make close and vital the relation- expect to use for an entire year ship between the Baptist student and the into one dinner'" Some pastors local Baptist church. think that their main business is to keep everything quiet and "To help the Baptist student fit herself smooth in the church. It is like for intelligent Christian service and rubbing a cat to hear it purr: leadership. but remember that when a cat is purring it is not catching mice. "Many Baptist women live in places where Baptist young women attend college. They can be of great assistance in preserving and developing the link between the denomination and the student, by making themselves friends to Baptist students. No rules for friendship can be laid down, hut for the sake of definiteness, some suggestions are given below: "Calls may he made upon Baptist girls. "They may he invited into the church homes.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK SECURING RURAL LEADERSHIP Negro will always be at a serious dis- advantage in the cities on account of By W. A. C. HUGHES the attitude of the white working man.

The 1920 census shows the number "Commerce, manufacturing and of Negroes living in southern rural commercial pursuits lend themselves communities to be 6,661,332. This to labor organizations where the white population is confined almost entirely man claims a monopoly based on racial to the South Atlantic, the East and prerogative. This is true in America, South Central division of our states. Australia, Canada, and South Africa, In these states we have 915,595 farm- and in all parts of the world where ers, which is an increase of 70,515 there is the conflict of color. When we turn to the country the relativity over 1910. of the situation is entirely different. The large movement of the Negro He has neither the intolerance of ra- cial rivalry nor the relative disadvanfrom the South to the North did not tages which confront him in the city. seem to affect Southern farming com- The farming industry does not lend munities as much as has been general- itself to labor organization. The ly supposed; nor did the tremendous markets are color blind. The price of swing of the nation's population from produce has no relation to the color of open country to urban centers affect the producer." Mr. Miller writes near the Negro population in any wonder- the conclusion of his article: "The fully large way. The census shows the Negro race will most likely overcome decrease of rural Negro folk to be 3.4 its present commercial handicap by per cent or 234,876. But out there in engaging in farming activities in a the "sticks," as we are pleased to call business-like way. The white race acthe countryside, we have no finely quired its business ability by long prospun system of eugenics to limit the prietorship as farm owner and manmembership of our households, so that ager." This plunges right into the with the migration reaching its peak heart of our rural problem. The Negro by 1920, I have a suspicion that if a will more likely overcome his present census were taken now we would find handicap when he learns. that six years were nearly enough to account for at least a hundred thou- Some of the Haudicaps sand youngsters.

Contrasting that group of Negroes who have been caught by that craze We have 212,365 Negro farm own- which has swept millions of America's ers in the South but we have 701,471 rural people to the cities with that tenant farmers; when you count wom- other and large proportion of the race en and children engaged in this occu- who live in the country, Professor pation, these figures might easily be Kelly Miller of Howard University multiplied by four. Their crops are says in the Manufacturers Record of principally cotton, sweet potatoes, rice Baltimore, Md., August 5, 1926: and tobacco. Of the total cotton crop "When the impulse of the World War raised in the United States, the Negro shall have spent its force and Northern raises 39 per cent; of the sweet po- industries shall have settled down to tatoes 21 per cent; of the tobacco 10 their normal ways, Booker Washing- per cent; and of the rice 9 per cent.

ton's philosophy will be found to be Of all our agricultural pursuits, ten- basically sound as a comprehensive ant farming, cursed as it is by primi- policy for most of the Negroes. The dve plantation methods, is at the 228 bottom. And next to this misfortune ments in our twenty Negro Confer- is an utter lack of diversified farming. ences, 1,661 are rural.

With these two evils we can associate The largest number of Negro mem- nearly all of those handicaps which bers of the Methodist Episcopal make the Negro of the rural South Church are in these states of the South the most challenging missionary op- which are chiefly agricultural. South portunity of this land. With the plan- Carolina and Mississippi are probably tation and the one-crop system of the the largest agricultural states and in South are associated "debt" and its the former we have 56,000 members; twin brother, "poverty," the cabin and in the latter we have 45,000 members.

its lack of sanitation, privacy, clean- In some sections, for example the liness and, in most cases, incentive to Mississippi Delta, 95 per cent of the decency. farm labor is done by Negroes. There- Facilities for the proper type of the fore to be situated so as to give re- most rudimentary education are lux- ligious direction to so large a numbe,'

uries shared by only a very few com- of people who, of all Americans, need munities. We have benefited won- leadership most, is not only a great derfully by the Rosenwald Schools, opportunity, but a distinct privilege the Smith Lever Act, State and Unit- Buildings and Leadership ed States Home Economic workers, and Farm Demonstration Agents, but To us it is apparent that the reli- withal, we must not deceive ourselves gious and missionary problems in- -these only touch the fringes of a volved in these communities resolve great problem. themselves into questions of buildings In our Negro farming communities and leadership. Some definite steps the Church is led by a woefully infe- have been taken to provide for both rior ministry, in far too many cases a of these. In our leadership program ministry that is not even a little bit we conduct summer schools for the above the level of the people in stand- training of rural pastors. We have ard and ideals. The marvel of the directed as many as three schools dur- rural dwelling Negro in the South is ing the summer with an average at- his religious vitality. You must agree tendance of perhaps forty men. At that any group of people who for 300 the present time we have two large years have worshipped God, in the summer schools. In these schools the shanties which they call churches and minister's wives are welcome and some have had as their religious diet once- of them come.

a-month preaching by an absentee pas- At first it was our policy to bring tor whose major qualifications for the better prepared rural pastors to leadership are a good pair of lungs these training centers, but we have and a good VOice, must have amazing learned that most of our country religious vitality. The fact that their preachers who have had some training empty souls find some nourishment in regard the country appointment as a the husks upon which they must feed temporary assignment that they may is the most insistent call I know to get experience in dealing with folk the missionary agencies of the Church. and be the better prepared for a city How One Denomination Is Meeting job, "the ever enticing goal of larger the Problem opportunities."

Because the men who will remain in At no place in our Negro work has our country appointments are for the the Board of Home Missions and most part those who have not enjoyed Church Extension of the Methodist school advantages, we are making it Episcopal Church accomplished a more our policy to bring these men into our enduring task or made a better con- training centers and give them the tribution to Negro uplift than in the benefit of the courses we offer. It is rural South. Of the 2,093 appoint- not at all easy to adapt a course to

men who have had such limited advan- afford one section of the parish easier access to church, tages but we believe we are going for- Held a Farmers' Conference, ward with considerable success. Organized a Teacher-Training Class, Our course consists of Religious Made out a recreational program and had some kind of a young people's Education, giving prominence to the function every Saturday afternoon. playway, home gardening, animal and poultry culture; horticulture; simple Training Lay-Worker.

courses in health, including First Aid Experience has taught us that we in sickness or accidents, a little die- must do more than reach the preacher.

tetics, how to make a sick bed, how to In most of our rural communities take the pulse and register tempera- there are frequent changes of minis- ture; the care of infants. VVe teach ters, and because we cannot give all simple methods in constructing sani- of our pastors the benefit of these tary out-buildings and what to do in training schools a change in pastorate an inexpensive way to improve the often means the complete collapse of home and the church buildings. In this what has been well begun on a charge.

work we have had at several of our In addition to the training school schools the assistance of Tuskegee In- for pastors, we try to carry a training stitute and we usually get a state farm program down to the people. VVe se and Home Economics demonstration lected forty-one centers in Mississippi, agent to assist us. Our faculty is Louisiana and Texas to put on a three drawn from the very best men and days' Institute at each place. Each In- women we can secure. stitute had a faculty of three trained VVe grant scholarships on the nomi- persons. These centers were selected nation of the District Superintendent with a view toward bringing six or which cares for board, lodging and more churches together; the persons railroad fare one way. A scholarship to benefit are the pastors, Sunday averages $19.00 and to date we have school workers, Young People's Sogranted about 700. It is our purpos: ciety workers, and any who are to keep in touch with these men as interested or might be made to interthey go back to their fields and at- est themselves in some type of social or community program. tempt to put in practice what we have One month before the Institute, a taught them. questionnaire is sent to the pastor. At one of our summer schools for The questionnaire is prepared so as to rural pastors the men who had attend- get down to local problems and when ed the previous year were asked what properly answered the team will know they had done during the year to im- the needs of the churches and commuprove their charges. Here are two nities they are serving. No Institute answers which are typical: is conducted unless the information necessary to an intelligent discussion From a pastor of a town church: Established a playground, of the local situation is in hand. VVe Improved the church grounds, propose to invite churches of other de- Put a new wire fence around the church nominations to these Institutes.

proper, Daily Vacation Bible Schools Installed a stereopticon· and begun using VVe have attempted to develop a illustrated lectures, Organized a club for girls, Started a reading circle, Installed a telephone in the parsonage, number of Daily Vacation Bible Put on the Every-Member Canvass sys- Schools in the open country but have had no noteworthy success. The coun- tem, try child must w(}rk in the fields, and Organized a Teacher-Training Class.

From a pastor in the open country: there is much for him to do in the cotton raising sections during the Organized a Community League, Remodeled a school building, summer time. VVe have secured some ;Built a bridge across a creek in· order to· pleasing restilt~ in the large towns….

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE sions for obligations in regard to REPORTED BY JEAN GRIGSBY PAXTON situations in which the foreign mis- sionary work is closely bound up is "I've just discovered why you are different from other people," said one summed up in the following section woman to another at a recent meeting, from the findings: "you take findings seriously, you act upon them I And that is why you get One of the results of the missionthings done." ary endeavor is that a powerful searchlight has been turned upon It is an arresting thought that many our professed Christianity as it repeople, perhaps most people, think of lates itself to actual contacts of life. findings as a record of past events We have been preaching Christ's when they should be in reality a char'- message of peace and brotherhood, ter for future action. Even so dy- yet all around us each day we see namic a document as the Declaration and read of actions that are the utof Independence meant nothing until ter negation of these principles, and it was put into action; the findings of about which as responsible citizens any meeting no matter how potential we cannot be silent if we are to be can have meaning only as the ideas consistent. Those to whom we have contained in them are taken seriously preached are demanding of us that and put into practise. we demonstrate the sincerity of our message, the test being our lives The 22d Interdenominational Con- and practices. This test is being ference of the Federation of Women's made along international, interra- Boards of Foreign Missions of North cial and industrial lines, the malad- America held at Atlantic City, Janu- justments of which imperil the peace ary 6-9, 1928, will be potent only as of the world. the constituent boards and affiliated local federations go forward on the There are scores of agencies plans created during those days of binding the world together in comunited thought and prayer. mercial, educational, physical and international realms. These are our The theme of the meeting was In- allies. Recognizing our commit- creasing Power for Increasing Obliga- ment to the Christian interpretation tions. The binding nature of those of these relationships, we reaffirm obligations was shown on the first eve- our conviction that the missionary ning when nationals from China, Japan enterprise is closely bound up with and Syria, young women whose very these, and we pledge ourselves to an presence with us made manifest years effort toward a greater synthesis of missionary devotion, spoke on con- between them. We therefore rec- ditions in their own countries. Later ommend Mrs. Charles K. Roys and Mrs. a. That we follow with our Thomas Nicholson pointed out the new thoughts and prayers the prepara- problems and opportunities before the tions for the meeting of the Inter- women of this country as they look national Missionary Council at forward to continued cooperation in Jerusalem, standing ready to give to work in other countries. the findings of that significant con- The sense of responsibility felt by ference our careful study and con- this group of women representative of sideration.

the Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- b. That as one of the nine groups'

231

forming the National Committee on federation to those just taking up their the Cause and Cure of War, we responsibilities for the making of a make its program a more effective Christian world is embodied in these part of our work, including study words: and action along the lines of secur- ity, arbitration and disarmament, In view of the points brought out the foreign policy of the United by the speaking and discussion in States in regard to the Philippines, the student session that the youth China, Japan, Latin America, and of today feel inhibited in their con- international debts. We suggest as tribution to the Foreign Mission a practical step that the conclusions Enterprise both in speech and ac- reached at the conference on Janu- tion; and that the restlessness and ary 15-19, 1928 at Washington be criticism of youth are due in part at once taken nationally and locally at least to the lack of outlets for for very careful study and if neces- expression and that these things sary for action. constitute a very real challenge to us as leaders to open up for them c. That we cooperate with and new channels for service: encourage those educational move- ments that are seeking to develop We reaffirm the following recom- peace and right interracial attitudes mendations of last year among our children. a. That the importance of our d. That in the face of the be- work in connection with foreign wildering and baffling problems con- students be recognized and much nected with the above and the need more largely extended. for releasing greater spiritual forces, the noon hour be used as a b. That we continue to study the time for prayer for peace. present youth situation and pro- mote knowledge of and participatior We commend the following reso- in Foreign Missions on the part of lution, which was adopted: young people in every way possible, not separating them from the rest As members of our respective po- of the group, but integrating the litical parties we shall require for thought and activity of both older our votes presidential candidates and younger, experienced and less whose public pledges and private experienced. performances uphold the 18th c. That the present effort to place Amendment. young people on our mission boards We shall require clean records of be continued.

every administration, federal, state d. That we study the best method and local, of enforcement honestly of introducing new missionaries to carried out free from bribery, pat- the field in order to conserve their ronage and corruption by men who individual contribution. are for the law and are given suffi- cient power to be able to fulfill their e. That we work through; and duty. with all student agencies for a uni- fied approach to these young people If this means making the 18th in our colleges. Amendment an issue in the 1928 elections, then we are prepared to And we further recommend make it the issue. f. That we try to help our young On Sunday afternoon the joint people to make their needs and .demeeting with Foreign Missions Con- sires articulate, and that we join ference brought to the conference; an with them in their search for a uniexpression of the mind of the young versal interpretation of Christian people of today especially as it was truth recognizing the fact that as shown at the Detroit Student Volun- youth takes up its share of the task, teer Convention. The answer of the God gives a new gift to youth.

g: That we heartily commend the

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

students in our American colleges for our sisters of other races and for the splendid progress they have nations, thuB enriching our experimade in interracial brotherhood. ence and releasing the power which The recognition on the part of the must be ours if we are to accomfederation of new conditions on the pli8h the tasks entrusted to us. We field and the need for adapting mis- therefore recommend: sion work to them was expressed in the following recommendations: That during the coming year we continue to develop our plans for We recognize in the indigenous this world-wide fellowship of prayer churches of mission lands a grow- endeavoring to draw into its circle ing desire for a united church under those who as yet have not fully national leadership. We appreciate joined in the effort. the difficulties involved in local ad- ministration and national develop- We recommend that we give con- ment when properties and funds are tinued cooperation to: to so large an extent controlled by agencies in the sending countries. a. The committees carrying re- We rejoice in the aspirations of sponsibility for union institutions these churches and desire in the in foreign fields. same spirit of courage and devotion which characterized the pioneers of b. The Committee on Christian the missionary enterprise to help in Literature for Women and Children the solution of their problems. in "Foreign Fields, We, therefore, recommend to the And by our increasing support make possible for these committees adequate provision for their increas- ing obligations.

Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- The printed word can not recapture sions the high quality of those hours that a. That they launch in the local afforded a new understanding of the churches an educational program spiritual meanings inherent in the that will set forth the aspirations of missionary task and a new sense of the the indigenous churches for a larger unfailing sources of pOwer. No ac- measure of self-determination and a count of the conference would be com- more adequate expression of their plete, however, without mention of essential unity. the two meetings which centered upon b. That funds contributed in this the increasing power necessary for in- country be not so conditioned as to creasing obligations.

hamper them as they boldly move In the quiet of the Sunday morning out into new experiments under the Retreat there came an individual and leader,ship of the Holy Spirit. corporate sense of quietness and con- Under the title of Creative Coopera- fidence in the presence of God, and a tion and Widening Channels of Edu- new assurance that it is not by might cation reports from various standing nor by power but by His Spirit that committees were given on Monday all mission work 'must be conceived morning. Points calling for future and carried out. actions are included under these recommendations : This conference may mark the be- ginning of a new era in women's work It is with deep gratitude that we if the great body of WOmen who have recognize the growing power inher- given so loyally of their time and ent in our World Day of Prayer. A thought and money to mission work very decided expansion of this in the past, will act upon the findings prayer fellowship has come during of this meeting in a spirit of daring the past year. The circle of prayer confidence in the leading of God.

has extended literally around the NOTE: Copies of the Findings of this Con. world. We have learned the great ference and Dr. Hodgkin's closing address (fie. lesson of praying with rather than a copy) may be obtained from the various Women's B9ards or the office ()of the Federa- tion, 419 'Fourth Ave., New York. N. Y.

OttD-WiDE

LATIN AMERIOA teers for the ministry and other forms HIBdon. in Mexico Oity of Christian service is found among MISSIONARY cooperation is in the students of the Methodist Mexican evidence in the capital city of Institute in Puebla. Among these are Mexico. Here are located a union The- several who are contemplating service ological Seminary, union press and a in lands outside of Mexico." union bookstore supported by nearly A New "Friendship Pilgrimage" all denominations having work in Mex- ico. The stUdents in the seminary ATOUR to South America of an exhave visited the outlying congregations ceptional character has been anand have distributed literature. Coyoacan Preparatory School for boys, and nounced for the summer of 1928, San Angel Normal School for girls, under the auspices of the Educational now to be known as the Anglo-Mexican Advance in South America. This is Girls' School, have been officially rec- the organization, with headquarters at 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, ognized and registered by the Mexican in which the Boards of Foreign Mis- Government. Such recognition in- sions of the Presbyterian Church in creases their standing and influence in the U. S. A. and the Methodist Epis- the country. Coyoacan is the only copal Church, the Committee on Co- Protestant school for boys in the cap- operation in Latin America, the Trus- ital and Federal District of Mexico, tees of Mackenzie College, the United and the Anglo-Mexican school (for- Christian Missionary Society (Dismerly San Angel) is the only Presby- ciples), and the Woman's Foreign terian school for girls in that whole Missionary Society of the M. E.

district. Church are cooperating in an inter- continental program of Christian edu- Methodism in Mexico cation, social and health instruction in BISHOP GEORGE A. MILLER, of twelve strategic centers of South the Methodist Episcopal Church, America, meeting South America's rewrites: "The glory of our church in quest for North American cooperation. Mexico has been its strongly national The tour will be in the nature of a character. Every pastoral charge has deputation, bent on understanding and a Mexican pastor. With the exception friendship.

of one superintendent, all supervision of district work is in the hands of Lack Honses, Not Hearers Mexicans. Mexican Methodism has THE situation in the matter of definitely accepted three well-defined church buildings in various Latin and clearly understood objectives as American countries is thus summa- goals for its activities. These are the rized from the Baptist point of view attainment as soon as possible of finan- by a writer in Missions: "There are cial self-support, of self-administra- now thirteen self-supporting churches tion, and of self-extension through in Porto Rico that are the outgrowth vigorous missionary work. There is a of the work of the home mission so- strong missionary spirit manifest in cieties in that country. In Cuba thir- the hearts of many of the Mexican teen pastors are paid by Cuban Methodists. A band of forty volun- funds. In Mexico the Baptist forces 284

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are earnestly endeavoring to provide hard to get him back;' and for three meeting houses at particularly needy months the craving for drink was with points without waiting for help from him. But the other young men, 'con- Northern Baptists. There are many vertidos,' stood by him; and when the more places in Mexico where services desire for drink would come upon him, cannot be held by reason of rigid adher- he would fill his pockets with gospels ence to the government requirements and tracts and go from house to house that public worship be held in a build- preaching Jesus. He immediately being especially dedicated to religious came active in street meetings and purposes. The Home Mission Society other services. One day, when he was has spared its operating budget in all preaching alone in the market, a poof the Latin American fields at the liceman tried to arrest him, but he expense of the church edifice funds. turned lawyer and defended his rights The Church Edifice Department stands as a Dominican citizen so skilfully that well-nigh helpless before the needs of he won the case. For about a year Latin America. Says Missionary after his conversion Elpidio worked at Riggs of Porto Rico, 'We lack houses his trade and preached on the streetr but not hearers.' " and in the missions and visited from house to house. He brought a num- Cannot Keep a Bible ber of souls to the Lord and into the church. He lamented his limited edu- ARECENT convert to Christ who cation, but undertook the course of lives in a small town on the out- study for Dominican pastors, and is skirts of San Jose, Costa Rica, has now in charge of a rapidly growing borne faithful testimony among his church, with a large Sunday-schoo!." friends and companions. "But," says a writer in the Latin American Evan- A Bible Opened the Door gelist, "he cannot keep a Bible. When he was first converted, he was ambi- I N A little town visited by Rev. Cliftious to have as good a Bible as it was ford A. Douglass of Medellin, Copossible to procure, so he bought one lombia, no one was willing to receive bound in leather. One day, however, the missionary party, and they started he was telling another man of the joy away. Before they had gone far, a and treasure he had found in his new man came running after them and in- Bible. The other man evinced a desire vited them to stay in his house. Mr. to share the treasure, and so our Douglass says: "It turned out that friend, out of the fulness of a heart this was a young man who had come that had freely received the riches of to our room three years before and God's grace in Christ, freely gave had bought a Bible and gone out with away his beautiful Bible. Soon after it hidden under his belt. He showed he bought another nice Bible, and us that Bible, but better still he showed again he found someone who needed it us by his actions and conversation that more than himself. Now he has a he has not only read but absorbed somp marked Testament with the promise of its spirit and teachings. He and that just as soon as he gives it to his good wife entertained us royally somebody more needy than himself, he and we stayed three days. Many men will be given another to replace it." and even sd.ffie women came to talk with us. There was no place for a An Earnest Domlnioan P ….tor public meeting, but we had conferences with from two to twenty people every ELPIDIO MERCEDES was convert- day from early morning until ten ed in the mission of the Free o'clock at night……. Thus the Lord Methodist Church in Santo Domingo. opened up a door for us in a place One of the missionaries writes of him: where there was great need of the "Elpidio had been very popull;U' with Gospe!." his old companions and they tried

Student Volunteers in Brazil of Cooperation, said, it was a red- ASTUDENT Volunteer Union was letter day in the history of the evan- organized two years ago in the gelical Church in Brazil. I was glad Brazil Conference of the Methodist to be present. The federation must )!:C Episcopal Church, South. At a recent forward, since it was launched in meeting held at Granberry College, prayer, and has prayer for its chief Juiz de Fora, several of the students object."

expressed a desire to go as missionary workers into Portugal or even into Luther's Day In Argentina O Portuguese Africa, and a number de- NE of the aims of the Lutheran missionaries in Argentina, says clared it to be their purpose to carry the Gospel into the wild and unchris- one of them, is to get the people of tianized interior regions of Brazil it- Buenos Aites and vicinity to talking self. The desire to volunteer for about Martin Luther. "This," he missionary work in Portugal or the writes, "is not easy. To announce in Portuguese possessions is a natural a Roman Catholic country to a group one, because of the call Portuguese of indifferent people that on the thir- Methodists in Brazil received a few ty-first of October a service would be months ago from Portugal, asking that held in which the pastor would speak missionaries be sent to open perma- about a certain Augustinian monk of nent work in ,that country and its pos- the sixteenth century and the work sessions. This call followed hard upon that he did, would attract about as the five months' evangelistic tour of many people as a discourse on San Portugal made last year by the old ex- Martin, hero of Argentina, would in priest and now superannuate Meth- Philadelphia. This would not do.

odist preacher, Rev. Hippolyto de Oli- Some more effective way must be em- veira Campos. As was stated in the ployed." About 800 boys and girls REVIEW at the time, even in the strong- attend the day schools of the mission.

est seats of Catholicism there was no Having been well instructed in the hall large enough to hold the crowds meaning of the Reformation anniver- who flocked to hear this gentle old man sary, these students were told that as he preached the evangelical doc- there would be no school on October trines to many who had never heard 31st. Their explanations of the holi- anything like them before. day to their families and friends proved to be an effective way of mak- Federation of Brazilian Women ing known the principles for which the MfSS GENEVIEVE MARCHANT, name of Luther stands. a Southern Presbyterian missionary in Varginha, Brazil, wrote in a Christian Education in Chile C recent letter: "Last week, a small HILE has been called "a rich land full of poor people." Santiago, its group of women met in the office of the Brazilian Secretary of Cooperation capital, is a medieval-modern metrop- in Latin America, to make church his- olis of 600,000 souls. Within its lim- tory. It was the first meeting of its one may discover, between palaces women, looking toward a national fed- and slums, almost every stage of civic eration of evangelical women. Four evolution. In this city, the Instituto were missionaries, and Miss Strout, Ingles, a mission boarding and day representing the Temperance Union, school for boys, has been carrying on was present as a guest. The others its work for many years. A reunion were Brazilian ladies, representing five of its alumni is thus described: "The denominations. A committee of five occasion provided an outlet for emo- was appointed, to organize and pro- tional reminiscences. The grizzled mote the federation and its purposes, veterans insisted that there should the chief of which at present is inter- first be an assembly for one of their cession. As Dr. Braga, the Secretary typical chapel exercises. All the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

speakers gladly and gratefully ac- we have passed and the establishment knowledged the formative influences of self-government in southern Ireland of Christian ideals and practices in have created a situation which is new, their lives. 'Only today, after the not only politically, but mentally and lapse of years, do we realize what religiously…… The new sense of in- Christian nurture has meant: declared dependence thus awakened has loos- one speaker who is a member of the ened the hold of the priest upon the present teaching staff." people, and in the minds of thousands of young Irishmen there has been EUROPE aroused a new spirit of initiative and Di.tributing Spurgeon'. Sermo~ a new sense of responsibility." Fur- THE Spurgeon's Sermon Society has ther evidence of a spiritual awakening for its aim the free distribution of is seen in the demand for Bibles re- Charles H. Spurgeon's sermons at ported by the colporteurs of the Irish home and abroad. When Pastor Spur- Presbyterian Church, who during the geon of London died thirty years ago past three years have entered 160,000 he left a legacy of 3,563 published ser- Roman Catholic homes and sold 43,- mons, half a million copies of which 932 Scriptures in part or whole.

are still in print.

A retired Indian missionary, the Evangelicals in Spain Rev. J. G. Potter (Amersham Bucks, REV. FERNANDO CABRERA of England), is devoting the remaining Madrid, addressing a London auyears of his life to distributing these dience, told of the early work done in valuable sermons, under the preaching Spain by the World's Evangelical of which there were added to the Church in London an average of over Alliance, and went on to say: "It has held religious meetings from time to three hundred members a year for over thirty years. Some have been time throughout the country, and it translated into Russian, Armenian, has taken up the defense of those who Chinese, Malayam, Arabic and Bengali. have been attacked by the authorities During the past four years 23,000 of Spain by reason of their attachment to the Gospel. In 1913 the World's sermons previously printed, 8,000 of Evangelical Alliance in Spain was rethe special editions, and about 20,000 organized on a more solid basis, and of the foreign editions have been cir- became a national branch. That the culated, not only in Europe and Amer- Spanish Government has recognized its ica but in Japan, India, China, Africa, existence is a very important matter; Syria, the West Indies and British it carries on its operations within the Guiana. WILLIAM OLNEY. protection of the law. Whenever any of these Spanish Protestants are in Reformation in Ireland trouble they turn to the Alliance for REV. F. C. GIBSON, of the Presby- help and advice. The Alliance has or- terian Church in Ireland, says ganized a campaign throughout Spain that the Reformation of the sixteenth in favor of liberty of worship. It century failed in his country because, has also organized united evangeliza- "instead of being an honest attempt to tion work. Eight years ago the first evangelize Ireland, it was rather a po- national congress of Evangelicals in litical attempt to Anglicize the Irish." Spain was held in Madrid."

He sees, however, many signs that Ire- land is preparing for a twentieth- German Bibles Forbidden A century Reformation. One of these DESPATCH from Innsbruck, in the Tyrol (January 19th), reports signs is the intellectual awakening which the system of national educa- that under an official Italian decreEt tion is bringing about. Second is the all Bibles and prayer books in the Ger- nationalist movement, of which he man language are strictly forbidden in says: "The revolution through which homes, schools and churches in south-

ern Tyrol, over which Italy has con- speaks of the Messiah whom God trol. All violations of the new promised to the Jews, and through the ordinance ,will be severely punished. Jews to the whole world, as their own Premier Mussolini says that this re- Old Testament Scriptures attest and striction is the natural result of a describe. He says: "For over an hour, previous decree directing that Aus· with my Old Testament on the table trian and German children must be in- and Hebrew copies of the New in their structed both in the school and at home hands, we conversed and discussed, entirely in Italian. The presence of comparing Scripture with Scripture, German books would nullify the effect And when I left they gladly accepted of this decree which has caused much the copies of the Hebrew New Testa- bitter feeling. ment which they had been using, and said that they would further study Religious Hatred in RoumlUlfa them in their own homes."

THE American Committee on the Rights of Religious Minorities, Russia to Try Buddhism 'I composed of fifty prominent citizens of'HE Young Men's Buddhist Asso- ciation of Colombo, Ceylon, pubthe United States, with Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., as chairman, appoint- lishes a monthly paper from which the ed a deputation to visit Roumania last- following is quoted: year in view of the state of affairs re- A movement is now afoot in Russia ported to exist in that country, with to propagate Mahayana Buddhism in reference to the treatment of racial and religious minorities. Representa- that country. Buddhist representatives tives of the Government, political and from Tibet, Mongolia, and other counreligious leaders, and all types and tries of Central Asia have met in conclasses of the population of both the vocation to discuss and settle the details of the organization. Buddhism, it is be- lieved, will appeal to the peoples of Rus- majority and minority groups, were sia better than any other religion. The interviewed by members of the depu- Government welcomes 'the restoration of tation, and independent investigations an ancient form of Buddhism adaptable were also made. The deputation is to the Soviet's requirements.' An asso- ciation of erudite scholars. organized at unanimous in feeling that the anti- Leningrad. is expected to form a nucleus Jewish propaganda, which has attract- of a great seat of Buddhist learning-a ed special attention to Roumania, is Buddhist university of unique nature, part of a widespread and ugly mani- the like of which is nowhere in the world to be found now. The institution will festation of racial and religious ha- consist of four departments representing tred. Roumania is not the only India, Africa. Japan and Mongolia. The offender. The commission discovered control of them will be vested in the a feeling of widespread resentment hands of Sanskrit scholars of outstand- ing repute. The Government of Russia has guaranteed to pay all preliminary among the members of the minority expenses in connection with this movechurches against the compulsion exer- ment and also promised considerable ficised by the Government, enforcing nancial support in the future. them and their children to attend the services of the state Church on patri- Growth of Athens College otic occasions. APPLICATIONS for admission to the new college in Athens have Polish Jews Study New Teltament poured in even from Australia, India I NCREASED readiness of Jews in and Egypt, while students already ac- Cracow to listen to the gospel mes- commodated come from England, sage is reported by Max SpaIenice in Italy, Turkey, Africa and the United the Jewish Missionary Herald. He de- States, though the majority registered scribes talking with a group of Ortho- are from Greece and its archipelago.

dox Jews who were very friendly, and In the fall of 1928, with the comple- to whom he said that the New Testa- tion of a building given by Mr. Ben- ment is in reality a Jewish book; it achi of Athens, 200 boarding and 200

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day students will be accommodated. agricultural department, recently be- During the coming year additional gun in Assiut College, gives promise accommodations will make possible of great usefulness."

the acceptance of 120 boys. The grounds for the college, situated at Unreaehed Territory in Egypt T Psychico, a few miles out of Athens HE opening of a new evangelistic center in the town of Imbaba and and containing thirty-seven acres, are also the gift of Mr. Benachi. 'rhe the administrative district of which Greeks in America have united un- it is the head is reported in the mag- selfishly in the campaign for the es- azine of the Egypt General Mission.

tablishment of an American college in The article states: "The town of Im- Athens. Professor Edward Capps of baba itself lies just across the river Princeton University has said, "This from Cairo on the west bank. But, is the finest demonstration and gift despite its proximity to the capital, it ever made by any foreign-born group remains largely a purely native town.

in America for their homeland." Its population is estimated at AFRICA 15,000. From Imbaba northward there stretches a district between the Nile SebooIs in Modern Egyp~ and the desert for more than twenty- R EV. F. SCOTT THOMPSON, five miles, which contains a population D.D., of the United Presbyte- of 150,000. Most of the towns and rian Mission in Egypt, writes of villages in this district are totally its work: "Under the direction of unevangelized, and are almost wholly the synod are 112 of the 216 evan- Moslem. Here and there are scattered gelical schools of Egypt, and some patients of the Old Cairo Hospital (C.

7,000 of a total of 17,500 pupils. M. S.), and it will be our endeavor Some of these schools are fully sup- to find them out and bring again to ported by student fees, others re- them the message which they have ceive annual subsidies from the funds heard in hospital. Already we have of the synod, and a few are specially made a commencement in villages provided for by wealthy individuals near at hand, and have met with en- or families. In the province of As- couragement in a readiness to listen siut, where school and church work and to discuss, though not entirely has been most fully developed, there without controversy."

are 61 schools with 4,000 pupils. Only two of these schools, the college for Villagers Won At Last A boys and the boarding-school for girls MISSIONARY of the Disciples' Church in the Sudan writes: "We with a combined enrollment of 1,200 pupils, are supported and controlled have had an interesting ingathering by the mission. Specialized lines of of converts from the nearby chefferie activity have also developed during of Bongale. This is a series of six this period. A training department villages, separated by stretches of for- for kindergarten teachers 'in the six est and swamp and under the author- years of its existence has sent out ity of one native chief who is quite more than twenty teachers to raise friendly to the mission. We have long the standard of methods in dealing sent practice teachers to conduct day with little children.' An increasing school at the chief's place, and dele- effort has been made to adapt to edu- gated evangelists in training or other catioIJ. in Egypt the results of child- Christians to hold service there on training experiments in America and Sunday afternoons……. I think the elsewhere. A special fund has made seed grew slowly in their supersti- it possible to teach reading to blind tious and sin-hardened hearts, and at girls. A commercial school, opened in last our local pastor, Paul Eala, Alexandria in 1910, has had an en- through a vigorous campaign among couraging growth and influence. An the older people and women brought

in group after group as inquirers, government official to be operated' on, who showed that the fruit was coming says that he wants to be a Christian.

at last. During the first few months I tried to make it plain that it is not of the year seventy-five people from lip service but the real change of these little villages, having a total heart that the Lord desired. I asked population which I would guess rough- him about his past life and how many ly at 800, came to be baptized at Mon- men he had killed. 'Oh, I think about ieka and returned to praise their a hundred,' was his reply. The Gov- Saviour in their village homes." ernment is carrying on a campaign against sleeping sickness, though they Work for Jews in AbYBBinia do not have enough men to look after ! BYSSINIA is a country of romantic things as they should. The remedy l.. interest as the one African inde- from the Rockefeller Institute, trypar- pendent state remaining, and the seat samide, is a life-saver out here.

of an ancient branch of the Christian To-day there were thirty-five to be in- Church. The secretary of the English jected. One enjoys being in a place Church Mission to the Jews writes: where there is such a need and to be "One of the most interesting depart- able to help some."

ments of our work is the renewed activity among the Falashas, an inter- African Church Controls Its Budget esting race. In religion they are R EV. H. C. McDOWELL, Amer- Mosaic. Whim they arrived in Abys- ican Board representative at Gasinia is uncertain, but clearly it was langue, Angola, West Africa, says of earlier than the captivity in Babylon, the effect produced by a series of for they know nothing of the accre- weekly forums, in which missionaries tions to Judaism since that time. The and African Christians discussed to- Mission was founded by John Martin gether every phase of the mission's Fladd in 1855. During the troubles in 1868 the missionaries were in con- life, "Galangue is slowly but surely tinual danger and suffered terrible acquiring a constituency that has privation. They were then obliged to nerve enough to differ." He conleave the country, and the Mission was tinues: "AU responsibility in the closed until 1922. During that time home missionary work and primary the Falasha converts remained faith- education in surrounding country has ful under the guidance of Michael been vested in the church itself. The Argawi, who still lives, aged eighty- church operates on a budget basis. It six. Two European missionaries were is fine to see the finance committee sent out in 1926, and they have just arranging and explaining the church's re-started definite work among the finances to the assembled group, us- Falashas." ing a large blackboard in the process.

Work Among Former Cannibals During the first year of its existence, more than $300 passed through the DR. W. S. LEHMAN, Presbyterian treasury of the church, the local medical missionary in the Cam- church having given $126 of this eroun, West Africa, since 1898, is now amount. The books of the treasurer in a new outstation, Dja Posten, are audited semi-annually. Galangue where he is at work among an unfa- has chosen to have a single treasury miliar people. He says of them: "The for church finance. Foreign money is Njem people do not seem to hunger used as long as the local church is and thirst for the Gospel as the Bulu able to equal amounts contributed; did. I have wondered if the fact that such foreign money is entrusted to they have been cannibals and have the finance committee and local church been very warlike has a tendency to for expenditure, and in no sense di- make them reserved. One old man in rectly or indirectly controlled by the the hospital, who was sent here by the missionaries."

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Faithful Congo Bible Woman the world. Cattle are pastured on T HE fine Christian character of 'commons' and the chiefs allot plots Mpangu, wife of an African pas- for agricultural use. In Basutoland tor in the Southern Presbyterian Mis- the British have in large measure practiced a hands-off policy. In effect sion in the Belgian Congo, is said to they have merely built a figurative be a joy to everyone. For the past fence around the country; have manyear she has carried her bag twice a aged the main machinery of the govweek to two nearby villages. Mrs. W. ernment, using Basuto laws and J. Anderson writes of the bag: "In the beginning it was met with laughs, customs wherever possible; and have jeers, cold looks and stony hearts. The left practically all minor matters to the chiefs to manage in their own way women at the very first thought that under a paramount chief. Education the bag held some salt for them, and in Basutoland is almost entirely in gathered around begging for some. the hands of missionaries. Under But when they saw only two old worn British guidance and missionary tutebooks, they were disgusted. A few, a lage, the Basutos have forged rapidly very few out of curiosity, asked what ahead to the generally recognized pogood those books would do them. Salt sition of the most enlightened group and soap and gifts like that were what of South African natives. In a centhey wanted. The carrier of the bag tury their numbers have grown from immediately made use of her chance 40,000 to nearly half a million; and and told them of the Gift the one book there are almost as many cattle as told about, and sang them beautiful people in the country." hymns out of the other book. Now after one whole year of faithful serv- Second Generation ProbleDls ice, these heathen of the heathen are beginning to grasp a little of the story REV'. RAY E. PHILLIPS writes of the Gift of Eternal Life. Women, from Johannesburg, in the Zulu who had never heard of Jesus until Branch of the South African Mission that bag came to their village, are now of the American Board: "Many chilable to repeat the Beatitudes. Women, dren of Christian parents find much who had never heard our good old in heathenism that attracts them and hymns, are now able to sing hymns they slip off into the heathen kraals, through by memory. The Sabbath was there to stamp their feet, clap their never kent by them. Now of their own hands, and shout the songs. Their free will they lay aside the work of places are vacant in church, and their their fields on the day of rest. Now parents see with despairing eyes that instead of jeers, cold looks, and stony their wayward children are slipping hearts, the bag and its faithful car- downward into a life which is not rier are met with welcoming eager wholly heathen, yet not genuinely faces, and receptive hearts." Christian; they accept. the easy ben- efits of each and end too often in a Enlightenment in Basutoland total disregard of the conventional moral standards prevailing in even B ASUTOLAND, South Africa, is heathen society. This problem of the described by the National Geo- second generation Christian has graphic Society as "in effect a gigan- caused the missionary to put increas- tic reservation set apart solely for ing emphasis on the adaptation of natives, and whites are not permitted Christian social methods to the legi- to own land in it. The few whites in timate social needs of the group. It the section are officials, missionaries has been seen that the preaching of and traders. A species of communism the Gospel should be supplemented by is in force such as that practiced the addition of the playground, the among primitive peoples or under Scout program, and athletics, as well primitive conditions in many parts of as by the school and Sunday-school." 5

THE NEAR EAST girls of all classes now that the Y. W. Turkey'. Religious Future C. A. keeps school daily.

T HE long-established work of the American Board in Turkey gives Why Turkey Forbids the Veil T to Congregationalists a special inter- HREE reasons for the regulation promulgated by the Republic of est in the religious outlook in that land. An article in the Missionary Turkey, which forbids Turkish wom- Herald for January says: "The sit- en to wear the veil, as they have done uation in Turkey today is a perilous for hundreds of years, were thus one for the soul of that new nation. given by Mustapha Kemal in a news- 'There are today in all Turkey only paper interview: "First, the veil is fifty men in line to take up the work insanitary. Turkish women, hiding of the hodjas in the mosques,' declares their faces for centuries, have grown a returned American worker. 'Three sallow and pale-faced. My second rea- years ago, at prayer time, the aisles son for outlawing the veil is moral.

of any train in Turkey would be filled In Anatolia our men never saw a with men saying their prayers at the woman outside of their own immedi- appointed times. Just recently I trav- ate families or Christian women. I eled across the entire country and saw have lived in the European provinces in all that time but one man perform- of Turkey, where Turkish men were ing his religious rites en route. Ram- accustomed to see a little more of azan, the once closely kept religious women, and in Western countries, festival, is no longer devoutly ob- where men see women every day. My served. During it the schools are not observation convinced me that, among permitted to close, neither are the those three classes of men, those of children excused from attendance.' our Anatolian provinces who came Whither is Turkey bound 7 Will she into very little contact with women follow Russia in her disregard of re- were by nature more sensual. My ligion as a vital factor in the life of third charge against the veil is that any nation 7 Will she turn to a puri- it has always shielded the criminal.

fied and reorganized Islam? Or will …… In the three years of the repub- the religion of the Nazarene, as lic the law has apprehended 4,000 Christianity is coming to be spoken criminals who were operating behind of there, arouse her enthusiasm by its a woman's veil."

moral strength and spiritual beauty?"

School at Brousa Closed The New Woman in Turkey ADISP ATCH from Constantinople on January 31st states that the I N THE opinion of Y. W. C. A. lead- Turkish Minister of Education has ers, there have been in the past caused the American Girls' School at five years more changes affecting Brousa, Anatolia, conducted by the women in Turkey than in the previous American Board of Foreign Missions five hundred years. The Government in Western Turkey to be closed on the has granted to women the franchise, ground that religious propaganda has control over their children and the been conducted there. The school was right of divorce. Educational oppor- founded fifteen years ago and had tunities for women in Turkey are still sixty scholars. An investigation folvery limited. There are no free lowed rumors of the conversion of schools, and payment for all material four Moslem girls. Turkish law vests and books used down to the chalk used religious moral authority in the parfor blackboards, must be made. For ents until their children attain their the daughters of families unable to majority at eighteen. This control pay for their education, the Y. W. C. was exercised by Moslem priests A. educational classes are a great :hoon. So great is the demand from before the State Church was abolished

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

with the Caliphate. Two American adequate motive. The present appeal teachers were accused of proselytiz- is frankly racial and materialistic. Its ing. The missionaries state that the aim is the purely selfish one of build- school has been conforming to the law. ing up in Palestine a Jewish state Up to February 9th the American which will be ultimately exclusively Board had received no confirmation of Jewish and wholly for the glory and the closing of the school. advantage of the Jews……. The fu- ture of the Jews as conceived by the Constantinople College Graduates prophets can never be assured by a MISS KATHRYN NEWELL mere return to the land of Israel, only ADAMS, President of the Con- by a humble and sincere return to stantinople Women's College, gives the Jehovah their God."

following summary of the activities A Missionary's Persian Guests of the twenty-eight graduates in last A year's class: "Four girls are doing N AMERICAN missionary in Hamadan, Persia, writes of his volunteer work with social organizations such as the Red Crescent, or- many and varied guests: "There was phanages, and the Y. W. C. A., just the elderly Persian doctor with white as American girls might be doing vol- turban and quaint ways, who is the unteer work for the same organiza- only Christian in his home town. And tions in the United States. One is a the watercarrier with his highsecretary in charge of club work at humped shoulder over which he has the Y. W. C. A. One will do graduate slung his goat-skin water bag so many work in history on a scholarship at years, but who has varied that with the Woman's College of Brown Uni- itinerating trips since he became a versity, Providence, R. I. Four or five Christian; and the bookbinder who girls will teach. Two are to be as- also goes itinerating with our evansistants at the college. Several have gelist at times. There was the titled good secretarial jobs. Two will study gentleman of wealth from a nearby music in Europe. Two hope to study district, entertainer of shahs and nursing, as they are particularly in- armies, with the old-style manner of terested in child welfare. Three are liberality, but at the same time liberal to be married and will do community in the new way to visit with his wife work of various kinds where they and daughter in the home of our nextmake their new homes. Many girls door neighbor, a Jewish Christian turn their physical education training doctor, and to dine with us, the ladies to account by organizing children's with uncovered faces. When I asked playgrounds in their native towns and him whether this was his general custeaching both children and mothers tom he answered: gymnastics and games." "'I beg you to believe, khanum, that The Motive Zionism Lacks we have known some Persian gentlemen for years and would never think of doing this with them, but we know where the REV. J. STUART CONNING, D.D., friendship is true and the heart right , recognized as an authority on and there we are not afraid.' "

Jewish evangelization, writes of the achievements in Palestine of the 100,- Colporteur's Work in Iraq 000 or more men and women, chiefly T HE British and Foreign Bible Sofrom Eastern Europe, who have "re- ciety has at present two colporsponded to the lure of the ancient teurs working from Baghdad and one homeland," that in half a decade these from Mosul, who made excellent sales pioneers have done more for Palestine last year. Yusef Keeb, working from than the Arab and Turk have done in Mosul, sold 3,715 volumes; of these centuries. "But," he continues, "what 2,621 went to Moslems, 434 to Jews, Zionism needs to give it vitality is an and the remainder to Yezidis or

Christians. "A story from Yusef was unanimously adopted by the coun- Keeb's diary," says The Bible in the cil. The very name borne by women World," may serve to illustrate alike dedicated to temple service, devadasis, the hardships and the joys of the col- the servants of God, indicates that porteurs' life: A party of Moslems this institution at one time or other met Yusef, and one asked for a copy partook of the nature of a religious of his books. After he got it, another order, but it has practically become spat on the face of the colporteur and synonymous with prostitution. The said, 'Go away, you cursed one. You sanction of religion and custom bedesire to destroy Islam.' Then turn- hind this institution has hitherto ing to his friend who got the book he shielded it from being overthrown, said, 'These books are forbidden. You and because it is connected with the must not read them.' But they heeded religious life of the people, the Brithim not, and another bought a copy ish Government would not have taken of St. Luke, and yet another said to any initiative in the past for introthe objector, 'How can you be so un- ducing legislative measures against it. just with such men? They have The Indian Christian Council Review learned from Nebi Isa (the prophet points out that to Dr. Aromal India Jesus) to be patient, for such He was, owes a deep debt of gratitude for givas I have read of Him in the Injil.' " ing a lead in this matter to the whole country, and that she should receive INDIA AND SIAM the hearty sympathy and cooperation of Indian Christians and missionaries. Moslems Read the Bible AMISSIONARY of the Church Mis- A Girl Earns Most sionary Society in India writes: "One day I was going to a house to ATELUGU girl from the Baptist tell a Moslem girl of her success in mission station at Madira, India, passing a government examination, finished the normal study course and and as I entered the courtyard I heard took a position as teacher in a caste the sound of reading and thought that girls' school at a salary of twenty the father was reading the Koran. As rupees a month. The sum earned by I went in the father rose, holding in this girl is more than the income of his hand a Bible in Urdu, and said: her father or brothers, or of any of 'I have been reading to the women the three hundred individuals in her from the Psalms.' Another day in a home village. It is easy to see what poor Moslem house the father spoke a premium this puts on Christian eduto his wife in front of me and said cation. The idea of having a girl earn she was to ask for a Bible. (He did more than any man in town! Yet the not think it polite to ask me direct.) people are still so bound by age-long I took one the next week, and his lit- customs and ideas that they do not tle daughter of ten danced for joy and realize their opportunities, and the said: 'Now we shall hear this read proportion of girls in all the schools every night.' It appears that they is far below the number of boys. One had had a Bible before, but it had got in every three boys, and one in every lost in moving house." seventeen girls in India are in school.

WODlan Leads in TeDlple Refor:m A Scholar's Tribute to Jesus ARESOLUTION, moved by Dr. I NA large city of Bengal a party Muthulakshmi Ammal, an en- of some twenty Hindu gentlemen lightened Hindu woman, in a recent -university professors, lawyers, promeeting of the Madras Legislative fessional and business men-gathered Council, urging the Government to in the house of a missionary, and abolish the institution by which wom- agreed to state, for the information en are attached to Hindu temples, of the others, without controversy,

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what God meant for them in life. Rev. Barriers in Bannu Giving Wa.y Harold Bridges, an English Baptist missionary, writes: "In the company AHOSPITAL has been maintained was one university teacher, a brilliant for many years by the Church scholar in Sanskrit and philosophY. Missionary Society at Bannu, in the His simple testimony touched all Northwest Frontier Province, near hearts. He felt the need of daily com- the Afghan border. Miss H. M. Gaze munion with God, not only in times writes:' "Among Moslems there is a of trouble but also in prosperity and distinct lessening of the dread, which joy; prayer, for him, was the most was formerly intense, of dying in a real and precious experience of life; Christian hospital; an increased tolhe felt-very humbly-that he knew erance, and a' willingness at least to God as a friend. After the gather- hear what gospel it is that we are proing had dispersed I ventured to ask claiming. This latter also applies to this man how he had gained his Hindus of the city. In the men's hosknowledge of God-since the Al- pital both medical and evangelistic mighty seemed so inscrutable to the work have been strengthened since the others. 'Chiefly by experience, after autumn of 1926 by the addition to reading the life and teaching of Jesus the sta'fi' of a fully-qualified Christian from the New Testament,' he replied. Pathan, Dr. Falcon. The Pathan pa- 'In no person have I found a presen- tients listen willingly to the message tation of God which so completely sat- delivered to them in his and their isfies my judgments of real value as mother tongue by one who speaks it in Jesus.''' as one of themselves and claims racial kinship with them."

Self-Government by Indian Boys Describing a special evangelistic campaign, Miss Gaze says: ABOUT six hundred boys, whose i. ages range from five to nineteen, I confess that it was with great diffiand whose parents are Brahmins, all dence that I began selling gospels in the c1ass~s of Hindus, Mohammedans and market place of Bannu city; but they Christians, are enrolled in a school were taken so eagerly and the greetings conducted by Congregationalist mis- of the many hospital patients I met were sionaries in Ahmednagar, India, Mrs. so hearty and friendlv that courage soon A. A. McBride, whose husband is the returned. principal, writes: "These are the boys who must become the leaders in the Bibles for South India.n Moslems churches of our mission and in western India. To increase their feeling M RS. G. C. MERRIWEATHER, of of self-dependence and initiative the the Ceylon and Indian General boys are divided into thirteen squads, Mission, writes from Coimbatore Diseach with an older boy as leader, who trict, South India: "I have been is made more or less responsible for greatly cheered lately by a keen de- sire on the part of the Moslems here to read the New Testament. For the his squad. The squads are expected last four or five days Moslem boys and to eat and sleep together. Each has men have been coming up to the buna certain job which is changed from galow in groups of five or six at a time to time, like bringing firewood time asking for gospel portions. One and water, going to the mill for flour, day eighteen came. For fear of sweeping, cleaning the water tank, quenching their desire, I have given keeping the yard in order, and helping away gospel portions to those who the sick boys. The squad leaders and could read, and to one very bright the principal form a council which young fellow I gave a Bible. I have meets and settles discipline cases and had it for fourteen years, I think, and makes rules. Of course the principal never has there been any desire for has a veto power. One boy is chosen it. Now it is a greatly prized treas- each month as chairman." ure, and others are -anxious to posse-ss

one; but I have no more. I have just All assured us it was quite safe to written to renew my stock of Bibles, return now. Whether on the street or New Testaments and Psalms." in the shop, this was the kind of reception that was given us by Chris- Steadfast Siamese Christians tian and by non-Christian. The com- mon people are anxious to see us DURING a trip made last year to again. Many of our Chinese workers establish in Luang Prabang, have been suddenly, and in some cases Northern Siam, a mission station prematurely placed in positions of reamong the Laos people which is to be sponsibility and power, yet they have carried on entirely by Siamese Chris- not faltered nor failed." tians, Rev. Hugh Taylor, D. D., missionary in Siam since 1888, had many Chinese C.hristian Slogans interesting experiences. He describes a visit to a Christian village, where A VISITOR at the recent meeting 150 partook of the Communion, and of the Mid~Fukien Synod, made says: "For twenty-four years, since up of the Congregational Churches esthe last visit of an American mission- tablished by the American Board, ary, Kru Chaima, a Siamese national, which has been at work in the district has held this community of Ramoo around Foochow since 1847, makes Christians together and preached the this ·comment: "I noticed with much Gospel in their mountain settlements. interest the many short Christian slo- He is a sterling illustration of the gans in the Assembly Hall. The fact steadfastness of a consecrated Siam- that the Nationalist movement has ese Christian character. Here is seen found the posters with short slogans the transformation of an animistic so effective in creating sentiment and people who have changed their evil convictions in its behalf throughout spirits for the Holy Spirit. Loving the nation shows the possibilities in and worshipping the holy instead of the use of such methods by the Chrisbowing to and fearing the evil, a tian Church in China. In the front of great miracle has been wrought in the church, behind the pulpit, was a their lives. Trustful prayer to our large picture of Christ. Below it were heavenly Father takes the place of written Christ's words from the Cross blood offerings to devils. The village with the caption "The Last Words of assembled to see us off and pro- Christ." Below that we had Christ's nounced a heartfelt blessing on our "Will," which was Matt. 28: 19. This journey." was a Christian adaptation of the Nationalist's custom of placing Dr. CHINA AND TIBET Sun Yat-sen's picture, his last words and his will behind the platform in Returning Missionaries Welcomed every school assembly hall and audi- torium." T WO representatives of the China Inland Mission recently made, with Apostasy of Marshal Feng the permission of their consul, a fortnight's visit to their former field in REV. A. R. KEPLER, Executive Chekiang Province. One of them Secretary of the General Council writes: "We were quite unprepared of the Church of Christ in China, for the very friendly attitude of quotes a Chinese pastor to whom Mareverybody as we made our way shal Feng Yu Hsiang said recently: through the narrow, winding streets "I am no longer a Christian General. to the boys' school compound. All I have no God and no Christ." Mr. was quite peaceful. There were no Kepler continues: "I believe that the signs of anti-foreign or anti-Christian Marshal is still personally as c1eanactivity. Everywhere there were post- lived as ever. His visit to Moscow ers setting forth the danger and ann his contact with the Bolshevik harm of Bolshevism and communism. leaders are largely responsible for his

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apostasy …… Upon his return from Among the findings of a commission Moscow, Marshal Feng severed his re- on The Position of Women in the lations with his farmer chief of chap- Church, which were adopted by the lains and with his missionary Assembly, were the following: advisers. The Three People's Principles of Sun Yat-sen and the teaching During the past hundred years the of Nationalism replaced the Bible and Church has been the leader in the im- Christian instruction and Christian provement of the status of women, and services in his army corps. He elimin- has opened to them many avenues of ated from his army all the Christian fruitful service. The great advance in features which had characterized his the education of women during the last troops in the past, and featured in twenty years has produced a considerable their stead Nationalist rituals and the number of women who intellectually are teaching of Kuo Min Tang principles. in every way capable of taking their There are still strong individual place on an equality with men. Christians in his army. General Chang Djih Kiang, his chief of staff, is still Women members of the Church should as sincerely and patiently a Christian be encouraged to give voluntary help as he ever was. He is the general both in the activities of the Church and who ordered several thousand copies in social service. They should have votof the Bible from the American Bible ing powers and be eligible to serve as" Society, which he distributed as pres- either members or office-bearers on any ents among the officers of his army of the councils of the Church….. . and his friends." We believe there is an increasing need for women evangelists Who have had more thorough training in higher grade Bible schools. Such women should be given an equal status with men evan- gelists.

Yunnanese Ask fo"r Teaching A Chinese Preacher's Testbnony REV. AND MRS. CARL G. GOW- MAN of the China Inland Mis- ONE Sunday morning while a Chin- sion are at work among the Lisu ese Christian was preaching in aborigines in the remote southwestern the gospel hall at Limchow, South province of Yunnan, and have re- China, a party of men accompanied by mained at their station during the a paid agitator entered, shouting and disturbances in other parts of China. scolding the preacher and congrega- They have made some interesting contion. They taunted the preacher with tacts with Chinese in their territory, being under the foreigner, but he re- and of one town recently visited Mr. plied with calm dignity: "I am em- Gowman says: "I found to my amazeployed and paid by the Church of ment, a deputation from the gentry China." When they accused him of of the town, who stated that a numworshipping the foreigners' God, he ber of them had been discussing the said: "I worship Jesus Christ, who matter for some weeks and that they like you and me was born and lived desired to become Christians. They in Asia; He never visited Europe." Boon proved they were in earnest for Others in the congregation witnessed they asked me to preach to them, and for the true God, and finally the dis- escorted me to another part of the turbers left with nothing worse than town where more of their friends of hard words and angry looks. Miss like mind were gathered, together Bakewell, of the Church Missionary with the Chinese official. They found Society, writes: "Their visit (though three lanterns and arranged for an very unpleasant) has done more good open-air meeting in front of the largthan harm to the cause of Christ." est shop in the town. For over an hour I had the privilege of preaching Women in the Chinese Church to over a hundred, inclU!ling about twenty students. A more respectful WOMEN were regularly appointed hearing I have never had at such a to membership in the first Gen- gathering." eral Assembly of the new Church of Christ in China held last October.

An Indo-Chinese Village ing Japan with its jazz spirit. its big REV. J. H. TELFORD, of the business ideals, its moving pictures, American Baptist Foreign Mis- its craze for excitement and pleasure, sionary Society, writing from that but we still believe in America beremote hill region where the borders cause it has its heaven as well as its (If Burma and China meet, says: hell. We shall never forget some of "While on the border I baptized six the missionaries who came to us. Lahus in a heathen village called They left an indelible impression."

Namawn. We have worked for this village for a good many years and Japa.n·s New World Outlook T now we have witnessed the first break. HE paper published by the Japa- nese Students' Christian Associa- 'These six baptisms are very significant. so far as the Christian influence tion is now entitled New Japan. Its (In the rest of the village is concerned, editor, writing in New York of con- for among the number are two of the ditions in his native land, says: "More leading men of the village-Lahu than 1.300 attended a lecture on Pacific priests. These two old men and their problems in the auditorium of the wives, the headman's son and another Asahi Shimbu in Tokyo, and fully an- man made the six. One of the priests other thousand were turned away when or witch doctors. to be more correct, Viscount Eiichi Shibuzawa emphasized gave a very striking testimony of his that friendly relations among nations conversion. 'He said that since the has become of primal importance for Holy Spirit had come into his heart the peace of the world, and when Mr.

and had taught him, it was impossible Junnosuke Inouye spoke on 'The Fu- for him to keep still and hide the light ture of the Pacific.' It is a hopeful in secrecy. He felt compelled to tell sign that new Japan is serious about all the village of the change that had giving world problems the benefit of taken place in his life. The villagers intellectual consideration and compre- have built a school for themselves, to hension. as well as spiritually in a which they are sending their children. common quest for the holy grail of in- It is taught by two Lahu brothers ternational peace. The old order of who are Christians." self-sufficiency has changed to the new and more improved order of world fel- JAPAN-KOREA lowship."

The America That Ja.pan Fears REV. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Jap- Newspaper Honors Missionaries anese preacher, social reformer and author. who is also a graduate of WHEN Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Charles Princeton University. is reported by A. Logan of the Southern Presby- The United Presbyterian to have said terian Church recently completed recently: "We are afraid of the Unit- twenty-five years of service in Tokued States. really afraid. You seem to shima, Japan, they were the recipients be turning into a military power. We of unusual honors and tributes of reare not able to forget your contemp- spect from the Japanese people. The tuous feeling toward us. as manifested Osaka Asahi, probably the largest daily in your exclusion law. America is the paper in the Orient. gave great prominoblest and most generous nation in nence to an interview granted by Dr. the world. but she is losing her soul Logan to their Tokushima correspondthrough growing wealth. There are ent. The account of the interview two Americas-a part which is truly which appeared on the front page was Christian. a,nd a part which is pagan. accompanied by large cuts of Dr. and These are as different as heaven and Mrs. Logan and introduced by headhell. It is the hell-America of which lines in bold type. Part of it. in transwe are afraid. It is already conquer- lation, read as follows: "The reporter said to Dr. Logan, 'The Japanese are

1928J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

said to be very changeable and such a missionaries to educational circles has thing as a man leaving his native land marked the inspiration of the Master's and spending twenty or thirty years message to a multitude of earnest stu- in the midst of heathenism a thousand dents. A latent Christian faith has ri away, and that in one locality, is declared itself in no uncertain terms.

almOst unknown. The people of the Lives have been set on fire with newly- city are struck with admiration.' His discovered inspiration. The far-reach- face brimming with a full, genial ing effects of this Christian revival in smile, the Doctor replied: 'That is the intellectual circles will be measured power of my faith. I believe in im- only in the future. Hundreds of mortality, in eternal life; therefore, I young Japanese men and women, once think no more of spending half of this languid followers, now earnest leaders, life in Tokushima than I would of will permeate the country with their pouring out a cup of cold water.' " rediscovery of Christ."

A writer in World CaU emphasizes New Y. W. C. A. Building in Tokyo another aspect of the influence of , SWIMMING pool, a cafeteria and Christianity upon education in Japan, .tl. roof garden will be typical Amer- and says: ican features of the new Y. W. C. A. The educational leaders of Japan are building in Tokyo, the cornerstone of which was laid recently with appropri- showing a remarkable desire for more ate ceremonies. An auditorium, gym- moral teaching in the schools and it is nasium, with club and class rooms, will occupy some of the spacious quar- commonly recognized that only religion ters in the handsome four-story structure. Classes in dressmaking, house- has the basis for this teaching. Educahold sciences and etiquette are so tors are saying on every hand that edupopular that additional space has been planned for their quarters. Japanese cation as such cannot save Japan, and that the teaching of patriotism and rev- erence for country and Emperor does not go to the roots of morality. In the last annual meeting of kindergarten leaders for Japan, the whole program was shaped around moral and religious education.

etiquette is taught in. a ten mat room, while American or foreign etiquette, Miss Michi Kawai as it is called, is also in great demand. T HIS Japanese leader, who was, for The upper floors will be given over to years, General Secretary of the bedrooms for self-supporting young Y. W. C. A. of Japan, spoke four times women and students. Since the earth- during a two days' visit to the town quake of 1923 destroyed its quar- of Ishinomaki. Rev. S. Imai, a Christers, the Y. W. C. A. has been housed tian pastor and writer whose family in barracks, loaned by the Japanese home is in Ishinomaki, made the ar- Government. The Y. W. C. A. mem- rangements for her visit, and in bers and board in Tokyo have pledged the town the town officials, the printo raise 250,000 yen, of which 100,000 cipal of the girls' high school, one of yen is already in hand, $50,000 toward the leading daily newspapers, and thE' the new building was raised by the town Young Men's Association joined Y. W. C. A. in Canada, while $200,000 with the churches in preparations for was early given by the National Board her visit and in financing it. Miss Y. W. C. A. in New York. Martha P. Stacy, missionary of the Christian Church, which has its head Revival in Doshisha quarters in Dayton, Ohio, writes of REV. ALLEN LORIMER, formerly the very large audiences addressed by of the Doshisha University, com- Miss Michi Kawai, and continues: ments on the religious revival in that institution, which was referred to in As for results, we have heard many the September REVIEW, and goes on to favorable comments on the moral say: "The entrance of evangelistic strength of her talks from noneChris- tians; but the tangible result that has pleased us most is the request of a moth-

er who attended Monday night's meeting, week's Bible study. In spite of the and sent her two high school sons to smallness of the staff, the work has Pastor Irokawa with a letter asking that continued to develop until now, inthey be given Christian teaching. stead of one Christian family there are Bibles in Korean Hotels forty churches and groups comprising over 2,600 Christians and a presbytery KOREA is the only Oriental coun- has been organized under the General try in which everyone of the Assembly of the Korean Church. But rooms in foreign hotels is provided the Master of the vineyard would have with a Bible, according to M. L. Swine- reaped a much gre~ter harvest, had hart, Secretary of the Southern Pres- there only been more laborers." byterian Mission at Kwangju. Through the cooperation of the Gideons of the ISLANDS OF THE SEA United States, who provided the Bibles, a campaign has been conducted ReinforcelD.ents for Kusaie T to place a volume in every room in HE Misses Elizabeth and Jane Baldwin, missionaries of the Amerforeign hotels throughout the Far East and progress is being made in ican Board since 1898 in Micronesia, both China and Japan. Speaking of are rejoicing in the appointment of this campaign, Mr. Swinehart says: Rev. and Mrs. George C. Lockwood to "When it is remembered that many Kusaie, their island home. They urge of the hotel managers in the Orient the development of mission schools, for are non-Christian and some of them the present number cannot supply the anti-Christian, the progress already demand for preachers. There are over made becomes very evident. Within thirty outstations now, as against the an hour after the Bibles were place:1 thirteen when the Baldwins were sta- in the rooms of the Chosen Hotel, the tioned at Truk, and islands to the manager told me he had been ap- north and west of the lagoon are call- proached by one of the Japanese ing for those who will teach them the guests, who expressed his surprise at way of life. They wrote in a recent finding the Bible in his room but letter of having had as guests two stated that he had long wanted to see couples who had been trained, one what was in the book, and this would couple in the mission school at Po- give him the opportunity to do so over nape, the other in the school at Truk; the week-end." the first two were bringing their three daughters, to place them in the Kusaie Churches on the Korean Border school; the other two were visiting REV. A. F. ROBB, of the United their son and daughter, who were al- Church of Canada, writes: "Hoir- ready pupils. The father hopes his yung, a garrison town on the Tuman son will be able to carry forward his River, which flows between Korea and work in Truk, so he himself can press Manchuria, has a population of 10,000 onward to the islands still lying in and is the center of our Hoiryung field darkness.

with a population of 250,000. Twentyfour years ago, Dr. Grierson and I Advice to Filipino Students H spent a month exploring the northern ON. TEODORO R. YANGOO, Filipino business man, philanhalf of this province, preaching daily in inns and markets. We found but thropist, statesman and moral leader, one Christian family, evangelized by a recently contributed to the paper pub- visiting relative from our Wonsan lished by the Filipino Students Chris- :field. My next visit was in 1913. A tian Association an article in which he church had been built in Hoiryung said : "You, Filipino students who are and representatives of a few Christian now in the United States, have a splen- groups, organized by evangelists from did opportunity of assimilating the Sungjin, had gathered together for a better qualities of the people. Time

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and again I have been told that the brought into real fellowship with their reason why I have a good idea of the rejected Messiah. Else, why do hun- American people is because I had as- dreds of men and women, who in for- sociated myself during my stay in mer years would throw stones at the America with the good type of men. missionary, now stop for an hour and I believe that this is right…… In my longer to listen to the open-air opinion the Americans who follow preacher? Else, why do these very Christ are the men that have made men, who several years ago would and are making America. Can we never even touch the New Testament, learn the good qualities of these men, now pay money for this selfsame such as tolerance, willingness to serve, book? If it is not actual hunger for progressiveness, and clean living?" spiritual things, why do hundreds of Israel's intellectuals buy Dr. Klaus- NORTH AMERICA ner's book on the life of Jesus and Japanese Delegates at Detroit compare it with the New Testament?"

AMONG the delegates to the recent .tl. Student Volunteer Movement Con- Je~sh VVork for Jews O vention in Detroit, there were presentRTHODOX Jewish leaders are making unprecedented efforts to about forty Japanese students representing colleges and universities in revive interest in the historic faith, various parts of the United States and and call their people back from their Canada. During the days of the Con- wanderings. Early in May the cor- vention, there were four meetings of nerstone was laid in New York of a the Central Executive Board of the new Yeshiva which is to cover a city Japanese Students' Christian Associa- square. Its object will be, through tion, a meeting of all those interested the education of Jewish youth, to pre- in the second generation problem, a serve traditional Judaism for future dinner for Japanese delegates, a din- generations in America. An orthodox ner for American friends and J. S. Jewish community has been com- C. A. members, and a New Year party. menced in Flushing, L. 1., near New The second dinner commemorated the York through the purchase of forty fourth anniversary of the founding of acres of land. The purpose in the de- the J. S. C. A. at the Student Volun- velopment of this community is to teer Convention in Indianapolis. The bring together like-minded orthodox leaders are planning for development Jews who will establish orthodox syna- along many lines during the next quad- gogues and schools and form a com- rennium. munal life uncontaminated by the disintegrating conditions of the neigh- Voices in the Ghetto boring city. At the time of the Feast REV. AARON J. KLIGEMAN, of 'tabernacles three thousand Jewish Presbyterian missionary to Jews agriculturalists met on a farm in Sulin Baltimore, discusses in Our Jewish livan County, New York, to celebrate Neighbors the various voices heard to- the ancient festival-possibly the first day in the ghetto-Orthodoxy, Re- of such gatherings in centuries.-Our formed Judaism, Zionism and Radical- Jewish Neighbors.

ism, and continues: "Christian Science is taking thousands from Israel's fold, Contacts with Eastern Churche.

O and Spiritualism, Catholicism and NE valuable result of the world conferences at Stockholm and even Theosophy have made serious inroads into modern Jewry. But it is Lausanne, in the opinion of the Fed- my conviction that never before has era~ Council Bul~etin, is that they "di- there been such a manifest interest in rected the attention of the Christian the Christian faith among Jews, as churches of the West to the Eastern now, and that we are living in a day Orthodox Churches and to the present when great numbers of Jews can be possibility of cooperating with them

in the world-wide task of the Kingdom Records and Research, which has fur- of God." The Committee on Relations nished data for the year 1927. Sixteen with the Eastern Churches of the Fed- persons were lynched in 1927, as eral Council is interested in stimulat- against 30 in 1926, 17 in 1925, 16 in ing contacts with the Orthodox bodies 1924, and 33 in 1923. Twelve of them in America both for the sake of the were taken from the hands of the law, communicants of the Churches, that six from jails, and six from officers of they may help in the building of a the law outside of jails. Four of them Christian America, and for the sake were burned to death, while two others of the cause of Christian unity the were put to death and then their bodies world over. As a whole, the Protes- burned. There were forty-two in- tant churches have little contact with stances in which officers of the law and knowledge of the 730,000 commu- prevented lynchings, eight of which nicants of the Orthodox Churches in were in Northern and thirty-four in America. Southern states. In the call to prayer Atlanta Churches Defend Negroes sent out by the Commission on Race AN APPEAL to the Atlanta, Ga., Relations of the Federal Council of Board of Education to keep faith with the Negro citizens of the city by Churches this statement was made: giving their schools, as promised, a fair proportiqn of the building fund of Every lynching that occurs is an in- $3,500,000 recently voted, has recent- dictment of Christianity before the ly been made by the Atlanta Christian world. American lynchings, according to the .testimony of missionaries abroad, are doing much to hinder and discredit mis- sion work around the world.

Council, an interdenominational body Indian Progress and Needs representing sixty of the principal REV. HOWARD B. GROSE, in dechurches of the city. Pointing out that scribing the work carried on by Negroes compose approximately one the American Baptist Home Missionthird of Atlanta's population, and that ary Society among the Indians of the in the recent bond election the colored United States, gives these facts about voters, holding the balance of power, the Indian situation as a whole: "While threw their support to the bond issue the different denominations have enon the solemn assurance that $700,000 gaged in work among the Indians, of the proceeds would be applied to cer- there are still about 50,000 as yet not tain urgent needs of their schools, the visited by missionaries, and 100,000 Christian Council entered a protest more visited by non-Protestant misagainst the reported plans of the board sionaries only…… The American Into expend on Negro schools less than dians are not a dying race. They two fifths of the sum promised, which numbered 303,950 in 1910, and in the it insists would be not only wholly- in- census of 1920 336,337. Over one adequate to the need, but also' a de- third of the total number, or 119,000, plorable breach of faith and denial of live in Oklahoma. Another 100,000 justice. The Council points out that are located in the mountain and Pacific of 21,555 Negro children of school age region. The Indians are becoming in the city, more than 9,000 are at- civilized with increasing rapidity. tending schools where two and three Five tribes in Oklahoma are known sessions a day are held because of in- as the civilized tribes. Home misadequate housing facilities.-Chris- sionary work has had much to do with tian Century. this, but much remains to be done.

Lynchings Hinder Missions Only about 75,000 can read and write; 69,943 Indian children are in school F OR several years past the facts con- and 20,746 not in school. An Act of cerning lynchings in the United Congress in 1924 admitted Indians to States have been compiled by Tuske- citizenship, and about 50,000 already gee Institute in the Department of voters."

WOlUH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

"Our Jewish Neighbors." John Stuart ceiving a truer conception of the rela- Conning, D.D. 154 pp. $1.25. New tion between Judaism and Christianity York. 1927. or without gaining a deeper interest in the effort to bring into more ami- Here in small compass is a great cable relations the followers of these deal of information on the subject of two closely allied religions." This the evangelization .of the Jews. Dr. theme is vital and a tremendous men- Conning, superintendent of Jewish tal stimulus. The practical point is to Evangelization, Board of National live our Christianity in love and jus- Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. tice among our Jewish neighbors. A. and Chairman of Committee on Hebrews, Interdenominational Home F. L. Mission Council, was selected as American Chairman of the Committee of Unclean! Unclean! or Glimpses of the Arrangements for the World Jewish Land Where Leprosy Thrives. Lee S. Conferences at Budapest and Warsaw. Huizenga. 172 pp. Grand Rapids, He has had years of successful experi- 1927. ence in Christian work for Jews and his book is complete, clear and yet Only a small part of the book, apcompact, accurate and authoritative. proximately 40 out of the 170 pages, Its aim is to "present Jews and the refers to leprosy. The larger part of Jewish situation in such a way as to the book is devoted to sketches of Chihelp Christians to a better and more nese customs and character. He ensympathetic understanding of their deavors, with considerable success, to Jewish neighbors." He traces their reconcile Biblical with present-day history "down the aisles of time," leprosy. Then comes a good descriptheir status as modern citizens, the tion of leprosy intended for the laydisintegration of traditional Judaism, man. After this he remarks how little and the search for spiritual satisfac- is done to check the spread of the distion. He discusses the estrangement ease and shows himself a strong advobetween Jews and Christians and the cate of segregation in colonies. The terrible persecutions to which Jews usual optimism of the day is reflected have been subjected. That is one of when he discusses curability and rethe blackest blots on human history, fers to the better outlook today than at any time in the past.

and the biggest hindrance to winning Missionary Methods: st. Pauls or Ours! them by presenting the Gospel now. Roland Allen. xxii-236 pp. 38, 6p. Dr. Conning shows how Christ is the World Dominion Press, London. 1927.

fulfillment of Moses and the hope of Is there an "Apostolic Succession" Israel; how in recent years Jesus has of policy that is vital to success in the been more "unveiled" to them, and mission field? We must admit that what is the present Christian approach the evangelization of the world is not to the Jews. As Dr. Charles R. Erd- now proceeding as rapidly as we could man says in the Introduction, "No one wish; not nearly as rapidly, we infer can read this discussion without re- from the book of Acts, as took place in 253

the initial effort. Is this because the tive colors with China, Japan, India, Apostle Paul used methods other than Moslem lands and Latin America- ours? The author thinks so, and this read this excellent series of short book attempts to summarize them, and interpretations. They strengthen in- to tell us how they differ from the terest and produce understanding as present-day missionary effort of the eight or ten nationals of each land Church. allow us to look through their eyes at There are certain disquieting symp- the problems and progress of the toms of modern Christianity in mis- Christian Movement.

sion lands: such as, its failure to The writers are outstanding men become completely indigenous; its and women; many of them outstandfailure to develop into an organization ing Christians. What could be more independent of outside support; and illuminating, for example, than to the repetition everywhere of certain think on "Africa's Challenge to stereotyped forms of worship and Youth," under the leadership of Max practice. These are all attributed to Yergan, a Negro educated in America our failure to follow the methods of and now in South Africa; or to see St. Paul. the "Changing Life and Thought" of The writer says that the methods of Latin America with Othoniel Motta; St. Paul were extremely simple. He or to hear Japan speak for herself goes where the Spirit leads, stays a through Toyohiko Kagawa, the Chrisshort time and moves on making no tian Labor leader and evangelist; or attempt to organize the converts gath- to allow China to interpret herself ered. He avoids leaving behind paid with the help of Dr. C. Y. Cheng and workers or subordinates. The infant T. Z. Koo; or to come near to India's church is entirely local, depending only heart and life under the guidance of upon the guidance of the Spirit. Dr. K. T. Paul and A. T. Dass; or to There is little difficulty in showing listen to the voices of Moslem lands that our mission fields today present as uttered by Prof. Levonian, now of a wide divergence from the practice Greece, Kamil Effendi Mansour, of outlined above, with the modern med- Egypt and others. ical and educational work, and the These and other men are the preparation for seed sowing. The ar- prophets who speak for their people gument amounts to asserting that if on matters that affect religious, inthe missionary were only content to tellectual and social life and the proglay simple and strong foundations and ress of Christianity. The following leave the building itself to the Spirit- are gleams of the light thrown on the directed convert, we would see the subjects by these Christians who mighty result that followed St. Paul's speak for their own lands with "inmissionary journeys. side information." The book was first printed in 1912, and the fact that this is the second re- Max Yergan, of South Africa: Out of a new Africa, we of the print shows that it has been found on Church of that land speak to you of the many a missionary shelf. It should Church in the West. To be sure much certainly be read by every outgoing of the old life still exists. Witchcraft worker. The value of this edition if is still a force with us; ignorance and superstition hold high their ugly heads. enhanced by a copious table of con- Millions yet have to get a glimpse of the face of a God of Love and to be tents and a full index. J. c.

assured that in Jesus Christ have been Christian Voices Around the World. Six manifested the promises a loving Father volumes edited by Milton T. Stauffer. has for them. And the winds which 12 mo. About 184 pp. each. $1.25, carry our message across the seas to you cloth and 75c. paper. Per set, $4 and to whom so much has been given, cannot $6. New York. 1927. bear down upon you too swiftly with our urgent request that you share with US If you would "think black" with the light and love and life of Jesus Africa, and in other appropriate na- Christ.

1928J BOOKS WORTH READING

But it is the New Africa which ren- Toyohiko Kagawa, of Japan: ders our situation so acute. You of the West are part of your present; it has Up until ten years ago Christiani~y grown out of your past, and you have was viewed as a dangerous mtruder In developed or are developing a means of Japan. The many young students who controlling more or less the systems of embraced the new faith did so in the face life you have built up. But we in Africa of persecution and opposition. Today are in a situation of which we are not Japan as a nation is confronted with so fully a part. Your ideas, your other and more dangerous foes in the methods, your beliefs and desires have form of anarchism and Bolshevism. The steadily engulfed us. We find ourselves result is that practically no Japanese, compelled to drive a fiery steed or at least with the exception of the most devoted be in the road where he is driven. We advocates of the traditional religions and did not have the steed as a colt; he has the dwellers in remote rural sections, come upon us in the strength and feel strongly opposed to Christianity. strangeness of his maturity. In order Roughly, I should say that from eighty that we may not be thrown off or to ninety per cent of the people no longer trampled under the feet of this steed disapprove. On the contrary, seeing the which has been set loose among us, we influence of Christianity upon personal call upon you to join hands with us in character, many now welcome it. a common effort to understand and direct the forces he .represents in western T. Z. Koo, of China: civilization. And first, Christianity in China is be- Othoniel Motta, of Brazil: ing attacked because of the foreign na- ture of her organization, administration, Manifestly not all the movements in- personnel, and support. The Christian fluencing the life and thought of Latin- Church is denounced as the agent of American peoples are equally advanced foreign exploitation in China. In this or even present over the twenty repub- denunciation one hears distinctly the lics. Nor can it be said that all of the voice of the nationalist. The attack is directed not so much against Chrismovements here mentioned affect the tianity as a religion as against Christhinking of the total popUlation of any tianity as a foreign influence. Second, one country. They are playing an im- the church is attacked as an instrument portant role in the life of certain groups of capitalism, created by the capitalist which in their turn must sooner or later class for the sole purpose of drugging exercise an influence upon the total life the mind and lulling the spirit of the of the nation. A list of the more notable submerged classes in society. Here the communistic voice is speaking. Third, movements would include the following: the Church is attacked as an outworn Anticlericalism, or the religious phase of institution, a relic of superstition and an a general revolt against absolute au- opponent of human progress. The thorityof any sort; a marked movement atheist and the agnostic are heard in toward genuine democracy and the over- this line of criticism. Fourth, the throw of absolutism inl}olitics, or what Church is attacked because she does not might be regarded as the political phase practice what she preaches. This is the of the revolt against absolute authority; criticism of the man on the street. a distinct unrest, particularly among the student groups, which is almost equiv- K. T. Paul, of India: alent to a youth movement; a strong What has Christianity done for India? movement on the part of labor, cusriously In fairness to Christianity it is neceslinked up in some countries with the sary to confine the answer to what has student movement; a widespread and been done definitely and necessarily in vigorous feminist movement; in the in- the name of Christ and Christianity. ternational realm, the movement com- There is often loose thinking in this monly called Pan-Latinism; in the matter. A Christian nation is alleged to sphere of morals, such movements are have done this or that; and tacitly the the temperance or, as it is more fre- impression is left that the nation which quently called, the anti-alcoholic move- did it did it because it was a Christian ment, and those movements directed nation. As a matter of fact there is no such thing as a Christian nation; there against the social evil and the conse- never has been, in the sense that every quences of sexual vices; in the sphere member of the nation or every thing of the intellectual, the increasingly gen- that it does as a nation conforms to the eral tendency to rely upon scientific principles of Christ. All that happens method as the means not only for secur- when a nation as a whole accepts Chrising the necessities and comforts of life tianity is that it lays itself open freely through applied science, but for the dis- to the influences issuing from Christ; covery of truth itself. These can only in reacting to such influences a nation, be summarily touched upon in this brief chapter.

like an individual, fails more often than Belgian peasants, Dutch cheese man· ufacturers, Doggerbank fishermen, not to pay the price for full success. The Cockney taxi drivers, and Norwegian price demanded by Christ is heavy and deck hands." Fortunately for our cuts at the very vitals of selfishness and self-interest. Nations, as individuals, come short of Christian principles just Chinese friends, however, there is no there-where they deal with others, and their interests conflict. need to dread such a dire disaster, for "blondstock," "Nordic Europe"

Kamil Effendi Mansour of Egypt: will "long before have beaten out their Finally, there is the consideration of remnant energies on each other in axe religious life itself. It is impossible to and alehouse frenzy." Nor will "the advance in education and in social life victory be to the dyspeptic, concenwhile religious attitudes remain static trated-food-dieted, flat-smothered cliff- dwellers of apartmented America." and the religious life stagnant. The number of people going to Christian religious meetings this year is far Having thus raged away breath- lessly against western merchants, mingreater than in former years. Every isters and missionaries for three- Sunday morning you will find evangel.

ical churches, whether in town or coun· try districts, crowded with Moslem fourths of his space, the author seems to sober down and strangely discovers attendants. These multitudes who come that "Wherever western political, so- cial and industrial philosophy have ask many questions about Christian mo· rality, whereas they used to ask abstract metaphysical questions about the way in which a .man can conceive of the gone, they have raised the standard divinity of Jesus, His incarnation and of living, raised the sum of human His death-beliefs which their religion happiness and comfort and trans- formed luxuries into necessities," also denies.

What's R.ight With China. O. D. Ras· that "Christian workers have done in- mussen. 249 pp. $3.50. Shanghai. finitely more good than harm, even 1927. where their teachings have roused the "What's Wrong With China," ap- accustomed faiths to renewed enerpeared in 1926. "What's Right With gies."

China" is intended as a "fearless refu- The author's best contribution is tation." The first argued strenuously: on conditions in his own city, and his China's ways are not western ways, analysis of Shanghai social snobbery therefore China is almost always as one of the chief causes of race an- wrong! This second retorts. rapidly: tagonism shows some real insight.

The West somewhere, sometime has JAMES L. STEWART. been just as bad, therefore China is almost invariably right! The first is Is the Antichrist at Hand! What of Mus- largely treaty-port, self-centered cant. soUni! Oswald J. Smith. 128 llP. The latter is chiefly amateur, brain- Christian Alliance Publishing Co., storm rant. The author, who, the New York. book informs us, is "a refractionist" in Shanghai, is out against all "win- In the development of this theme dow-smashing, misanthropic morons" the "Signs of the Times" Itre given a who criticise China, and quite evi- large place and are clearly related to dently especially after his antagonist Scripture statements. The book will author who at times we read "revels make the reader think, for it will in an orgy of circumgyratory meta- open lines of study that may be new physics and epistemological mumble- to the reader but are as old as the Scripture itself.

jumble." The book is now in its seventh edi- Western domination of China, to tion and has already led inquiring this writer, would be a "despotism minds into areas of investigation of blond butter-makers of Den· which reveal the Bible's vital bearing mark, Swedish match-factory hands, 011 the life and events of today.

sweat-stunted Lancashire millworkers, H. N. D.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1927 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW oj the WORLD VOL. L OLD SERIES VOL XL NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-In-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to 'December, 1927 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. ELLA D. MACLAURIN REV. ENOCH F. BELL REV.•TOHN McDoWELL, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL MRS. HENRY W. P'EAllODY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN REV. PAUL DE ScmWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. ScHELL, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORIN MRS .•TOHN FERGUSON MILTON T. STAUFFER REV. S. G. INMAN MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D.

REV. JOHN BAILEY KELI,Y REV••TAY S. STOWELL REV. MlLLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. FElNNELL P. TURNER P. H. J. LERRIGO, PH.D. JESSE R. WILBON GRACE LINDLEY REV'. H. E. LUCCCCK, D.D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1927-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW ·PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVEnUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT l!1tEDERICK L. COLVER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President ERIC M. NORTH W ALTF.R McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FLEMING H. REVELL HAB.LAN P. B~ACH GHARLJrS L. WHITE 967 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page China, Railways In …………….•……….. 400 Mexico, Evangelical Mission Stations …….. 180 _ Missions in 1877 ••..•….•.. ; …….•…….• 912 Migrant Workers, Where Crops Are Gathered 433 _ _ In 1Ii27 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••• 913 Nanking, China ………………………….. 337 Prayer Circle, World-Wide ………………. 4 Church Attendance in America ………….. 35 Religions, The World's, Today .. December Cover Covenants, Two …••…..•……..••… '.00… 37 Shanghai, China …………………………. 339 Crawford's, Dan, Mission Field •••……….. 724 Spanish-Speaking Population, United States Japan, Missionary gunger Map …•……….. 644 ………………………2nd Cover, September Korea, Church Groups Established by Hos- Uga~da . Protectorate and Surrounding Ter- pital •………•…••…..•.•…….•…••…. 517 ritories ………………………………. 404 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page Pa~e Africa, Boys on Bicycle …. 00 ………….. · 423 Episcopal, Church House, New York …… , 904 _ FOUir-Cylinder Motor Car ……………… 425 Gnam, Dorn Hall ………………………… 34£. _ King pweto's Harem compound ……… 495 Hungary, Budapest ………………………. 439 _ Luanza Street …………………………. 497 India, Home Spun in ……………………. 297 ~ Missionary's House ……………………. 424 Indian Women's Sewing Meeting, Arizona .. 575 _ Natives Begging for Evangelist ………. 492 Italian Baptist Church Dispensary ……….. 578 African Ambulance ………………………. 493 Japan, Mr. Muramatsu and Ex-Prisoners ….. 663 _ Evangelist …………………………….. 500 – Prayer Meeting in Zako San's Store….. 658 _ Girls on Way to Market ……………… 116 – Woman's Christian College Graduates ….. 481 _ Soul-Winner' …………………………… 427 Japanese Baptist Church D. V. B. S……… 682 Aggrey James E. K. ……………………. 753 – Baptist Church, Seattle ………………. 684 America, Home Missionaries Traveling in – Children In America …………………. 679 _ ~8~ "':·T;;.iay·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: g~ Je~~~'ke~rY!'~~~~d ~r"o~tl~ud;':P~~t: ::: :::: ~~g _ Welcoming Foreigners to, Fifty years Jo, Mrs. Nobu …………………………… 659 Ago and Now …………………………. 886 Kashmir-Lepers' Untainted Children …… 841 American Board Headquarters, Boston ….. 900 Kelker, Rudolph F. .. …………………….. 901 _ _ _ 1877 ……………………………… goo Kobe, Women's Welfare Association Home Appaswamy, Dewan Bahadur, A. S……….. 257 ……………………….. -'" _………. 660, 661 Arab Boy with Long Hair ……………….. 746 Lepe" Asylum Buildings, Champa, India ….. 373 Arabia, castle of Ibn Saoud, Riadh ………. 84 l.~pers in Kashmir-Untainted Children …. 841 _ Ibn Saoud and His Chiefs …………….. 89 Linton, Bishop ……………………………. 23 _ Moslem Women at Hospital ………….. 743 Madagascar, Conference of Protestant .,Mis- _ Iman Women Waiting for Doctor ……. 419 sions ………………………………….. 447 _ Women Waiting for Treatment ………. 93 Me~~can Bapt~st .Kindergarten in Texas ….. 757 _ Young Sheikh at Mission School ……. 745 – Ildren PICkmg Cotton ……………… 437 Arabs Traveling in Persian Gulf ………… 91 – Protestant Chapel, California ………… 691 Bosworth, Benjamin ……………………… 905 MeXICO, Christian Workers in Oaxaca….. . _ Traveling In North, In 1877 …………… 919 -. C.ongregation and Chapel, Rural Evangel- ~r;~!"n~~ftcjr'~~~}r~teB~in~~~as": :: :: :::: ~ ~~~ :;'1 W· . J~al'l …: … 'to" ….•.••…….•….•… .. , 183 _ Students I'n Granberry College ………… 280 — P e sonya IlnW oreks e.r.n…………………………………………… 116814 Bulgaria, Gypsy Mohammedans ………….. 729 – Roman CathOlic Church ……………….. 182 _ Moslem Boys in ………………………… 7Z1 – Women of Oaxaca ………….. '" ……. 194 Chile, Indian Family In …………………. 278 Migrant Workers in California …………. 429 China, Bund of International Settlement, -.Shack of …………………………….. :.431 Shanghai ……………………………… 324 Mmers' Children Sunday-school ……….. 201 _ Clift, Mrs., and Chinese Biblewomen …. 130 Mining Town, Playground in …………… 200 _ Cooks on Day of Prayer ……………… 620 MMlnhneapoIls a Half Century Ago ………… 934 _ Medical MiSSion, Nanning …………….. 128 0 ammedan, Tongan …………………… 125 _ in tbe Making, New …………………. 563 Mongol 01llclal, Old Style ………………… 124 _ Missionary's Shack ……………………. 613 Morion Life In Utah Fifty Years Ago …… 931 _ Nanking University ………. ··· .Frontis, May os em Boys In Bulgaria ………………… 727 _ Nanning, Boat Approaching …………… 126 _ Park Shack ……………………………. &13 — Christian Khutba, Cover of ………….. 29 – ~YPSieS in .Bulgarla …………………… 729 Chinese City in 1877 ……………………… 914 – agazlnes III English …………………. 27 _ _ Today, Hanyang ……………………. 1115 – Mullah Preaching In Kerman ………….. 21 _ Home Mission Field …………………… 8()4 – Women Listening to Gospel in Arabia '" 743 _ Idea of Dead Church …………………. 804 Moslem~ at Prayer in Delhi .. 2nd Cover, October _ Kindergarten, California ………………. 573 – BaptIsed as Cbrlstlans at Bucarest 731 _ School for Boys In 1877 ………………… 916 Mother and Child, Refugee ……….. :::::::: 296 _ _ _ Girls In 192,7 ……………………… 917 New Gnlnea, Audience at an Outstatio,n 205 Clark, FranCis E. . ………………………. 597 – Bible Class at Kwato …………… . ….. 207 Clark N. G. .. …………………………… 905 -. Trophies, Used as Decorations …. :::::::: 203 Coal Miners and Families ……………….. 199 NIgeria, Bura Compound …………………. 114 Coleman,- Mrs. George W. .. ……………… 574 – School at Garkida …………………….. 113 Colombia, Indian Raft …………………… 277 – Woman and Child …………….. 115 Community Meeting of Coal Miners …….. 199 Palestine, Farmer's Market ………… ::::···· 825 Conference of Christian Missions to Jews, Paraguay, View of Asuncion ……………. 513 Budapest ……………………………… 441 ParB;guayan Exoress ………………….. :::: 01?'

pPea~ttliae-CCh. rSItSotcikadnalPe School Girls 2:t = Crawford, Dan. and His Successor………. 491 astor of Isfaha ; ;' :::: ::::: 605 26 Crawford, Dan, Holding Baptismal Service .. 484 i~~~' :.,~t~ha:~n~u~cfo~r~~e··G~·s·p~i·::::::::::: N~;:mR~{e r-;~w .::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: … ~~ _ Students In Mission School, Cairo ……. 749 pPiilelrslon'HArtAhuKr T. .. ………………….. :: .. 897 EI Paso Conference on Mexican Relations … 1]() a , . . rlshna …. '" ……………… 259 Ellinwood, Francis Field …………………. 901 Presbyterian Board Rooms in 1877 ………… 902 968 Page Page Uganda, C. M. S. School, N'Gora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Presbyterian Missionary Headquarters Today 903 – King Receiving Guests ………………… 412 Protestant Episcopal Headquarters, New – Kivebulaya, Canon Apolo …….. : ……… 417 – Memorial to Christian Boys …………… 418 York ………………………………….. 904 – Mission School at Kampala ……… , …… 414 Reformed Church Building in 1877 ……….•. 902 – – Headquarters, Philadelphia …… , …•• 904 United States and Mexico Bounaary………. 689 "Review," First Issue of the ……..••..••••• 896 – – Lumbermen In West. ………………… 436 Rumania, Religious Training School. ……… 728 – – Upper Big Horn School, Montana …….. 577 – Moslems Baptised Christians, Bucarest. … 731 Uruguay, Crandon Institute Graduates …….. 281 Russia-Soviet "Bible" ………………….. 327 WErst Virginia D. V. B. S ………………. 593 Sicily-Waldensian Church ………………. 759 – – Pattie C. Stockdale Students ………… 506 Sherwood, James M………………………. 898 Wilder, Royal G. .. ………………………. 895 South America., Igazu River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 Williams, John E. .. …………………….. 330 South Sea Islanders, Native Teaching Bible 564 Yusufjl, Habib ……………………………. 118 Stanley, Henry M" Letter from ………….. 411 Sudan, Open-Air School …………………. 644 AUTHORS Page Page Abel, Russell ……………………………. 203 MacLaurin, Ella D ……………………….. 688 Agar, F. A. .. ……………………………. 292 Marquis, .John A …………………………. 927 McCullough, Esther Mary ………………… 679 Aitchison, Estelle S. .. …………………… 935 McConneiJ, ~'rancis .J. …………………… H Anderson, R. P. .. ………………………. 596 McDowell, .John ………………………. 197, 565 BaIrd, Elizabeth Strang …………………. 668 ~m~r, ~~uk. C.~~~.. ::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: ~i~ Bartholomew, Allen R. …………………… 899 Bates, Searle …………… , ……………… 58'; Montgc.mery, Heden Barrett ……………… 5,0 Morgan, G. Campbell ………………….. 84:1 Beach, Harlan, P ……………………… 102, 209 ~iE~{;~~t.R~:.::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~i Behareil, Margaret J ……………………… 844 Oldfield, W. H. ………………………… 43, 514 Bell, Edith Mae ………………………….. 860 Oldham. J. H …………………………….. 838 Oliver, Mary Edith P …………………….. 541 Bowie. W. Russell ………………………… 542 ~r~~haIi::f~h~·.:::::::: :::::::::::::::: ::::::: ~f~ Brain, Belle M……….. 410, '533, 615, 699, 770, 856 Peabody, Lucy W ………………………… 906 Braskamp, 0.' ………………………….608, 823 ~:~~er~· pW'A:":::::::::::: ::: ::: :::::::::::::: ~ft Brokaw, Harvey .. , ………………………. 651 i?E~~~I~:~:.··~:::.::::::::::::::::::::::: :~~,: ~: Brown, Arthur Judson …………………… 831 Riggs, Charles T …………………………. 343 Browning, Webster E …………………. 277, 511 Rindge, Fred Hamilton …………………… 199 Brummitt. Mrs. Dan B. . ………………….. 765 Robertson, A. T., …………………………. 518 Burgess, Thomas …………………………. 689 Rockefeller, John D. .. …………………… 291 Burton, J. W …………………………….. 761 Carroll, H. K. …………………………. , 449 ~:~~,ansu~~~laA·… : :: :::: :::::: :: :: :::: :: :: ::::: ~~ Clift, H. Lechmere ……………………….. 126 Chu, Mrs. T. C………………………….. 13& Semp,le, Helen Merrick …………………… 858 Cobb, F. W. .. ……………………………. 7'55 Semple, Mrs. Samuel ……………………. 53 Cochran, Mrs. J. P ……………………….. 828 Shann, Lettice M. . ……………………….. 841 Corey, Stephen J …………………………. 921 Sheets. H. J. .. …………………………… 764 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. ……………………….. 49 Shields, Louise F. . ………………………. 429 Dame, L. P. … .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … … 89 Dana, Malcolm ………………………….. 353 Silverthorn, Mrs. E. H. .. ………………… 534 Dawson, Joseph M………………………… 757 Singh, Sadhu SU1J.dar …………………..13. 7!i1 Detweiler, Charles S ……………………… 139 Smith, Arthur H. .. ……………………… 912 Doctor, Ethel R. ………………………….. 193 Sparling, G. W ……………………….. 107, 611 Doggett, R. Ethel ………………………… 411 . Speer, Robert E …………………..173, 251, ;;99 Elder. E. E. . …………………………… 749 Etheridge, H. A …………………………… 290 Spining, C. M. . …………………………… 839 Eulette, Mrs. Clayton D. . ………………… 451 Staudt, Calvin K. . ……………………….. 747 Ewing, J. C. R …………………………… 599 Stewart, Anna Belle …………………. 503, 5~1 Ferguson, John ………………………….. 33 Stowell, Jay S. .. ………………………… 2 4 Fleming, Daniel J. . ……………………. 809 Stuntz, Homer C. .. ………………………. 293 Fleming, Elizabeth Cole …………………. 221 Taylor, Nonnan W. .. …………………… 181 Fletcher, A. G. .. ………………………515, &76 Thomssen. G. N. .. ………………………. ?64 Gilbert, G. B. …………………………….. 50 Tllsley, G. E. .. …………………………… 4Q1 Gillies, Robert ………………………. 214, 428 Goforth, Jonathan ………………………. 645 Titus, Murray T. ………………………… 27 Goodman. Frederic S. . …………………… 759 Towart. William G……………………….. 697 Gordon, S. D. .. ………………………….. 732' Ts'a.!. HsUeh Meng ………………………. 848 Gribble, Florence N………………………. 423 Harrison, Paul W. . …………………. .419, 821 ~~f~n'M!n7A."::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3~~ Hartness, Marion E. . ……………………. ,47 Haskin, Frederick J. . …………………… 763 Vance. Mrs. R. G. .. …………………….. 860 Hayne, Coe …………………………….110, 342 Van Dyke. Henry ……………………….. ~4· Helland, M. A. . ………………………….. 446 Vincent, W. J. …………………………… 49 Helser, Albert D. . ……………………….. 113 WaJiace, William ………………………… 186 Hennigar, E. C…………………………… 664 Warnshuis, A. L. ………………………… on Hestenes, John M. ………………………… 5~ Watson, Charles R. . ……………………… 273 High, Stanley …………………………….. 507 Weeks, Lillian M…………………………. !l19 Wells. Amos R. …………………………… 287 Hm, William Bancroft …………………… 814 Wheaton, Gertrude Cody ………………… 219 Hinman, George W. .. …………………….. 9~5 Wherry, E. M. .. …………………….. 521, 003 Holden, .J. Stuart ……………………….. 539 White, J. CampbeJi ………………………. 9 Hume, Edward H …………………………. 3~7 Wickes, A. F. ……………………………. 18 Hume, Robert A. ………………………… 15 Wilder, Robert P …………………………. 895 Hunter. G. W. .. ………………………… 123 Wilson, P. Whitwell …………………….. 7~7 Irish, Leigh F. .. …………………………. 824 Winsborough, Mrs. W. C. ……………….. 95 .Judd, Mrs. Orrin R ……………………….. 573 YusufH, Habib …………………………… 117 Kawai, Michi …………………………….. 538 Zwelller, Samuel M. ……….19, 195, 439, 669, 725 King, J. G………………………………. 288 Lane, Harriet ……………………………. 846 I,ewis, Amy G……………………………. 774 Lindsay, Mrs. F. F. .. …………………… 349 Lucas, E. D. . ………………………….. :, 444

INDEX

SUBJECTS-ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinia-Islam Spreads in ……………..• 229 Assam-"Hand-Grlp Ol'ferings" ………….. 71 – Rome's Influence in …………………… 866 ASia, Gospel in Central …………………… 708 Abyssinian Frontiers Mission …………712, 948 Asia's Need-And the Need of All Men …… 165 Africa-Basel Mission on the Gold Coast. … 626 Athens School of Rellgion …………… 548, 714 – Bihle Students in the Congo ………….. 712 Australian Aborigines, Work for ………… 784 – Books for Sahara Oases ……………… 463 – Children in the Cameroun Church …….. 867 Austrian Jews Turn Christians ……………. 226 – Christians on Police Force ………….. 152 – Conversion of a Wife-Beater, A. B. Pat-, – Sunday-schools ………………………… 624 terson …………………………………. 374 Baluchistan, Slaves Freed in ……………. 553 – Ex-Cannihals Give for Bibles ………….. 549 – Growth of Cameroon Schools ………….. 463 Baptist Missionary Program ……………… 63 – Kru Coast, Spiritual Growth ……… ;…. 153 – Methodism in North …………………… 229 Basel Mission on the Gold Coast ………… 6"6 – Methodist Progress .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. 315 – Moslem Teacher Driven Out ………….. 68 – – Today ……………………………….. 548 – Moslems in Morocco, Preaching ………. 152 – "New Creation" on the Niger ………… 464 Beirut University Staff ………………….. 867 – New Day for. North ……………………. 866 – – Schools in Kenya Colony .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 626 Best Methods. Mrs. E. C. Cronk………… 49 – No School Because of Lions ………….. 69 – Pioneering in French, Florence M. Gribble 423 Best Methods …… 290, 451, 533, 693, 765, 850, 935 – Slaves in Portuguese …………………. 549 Bible, Blind Moslems Study ……………… 2~9 – Spiritual Growth on Kru Coast ………. 153 – Tithers in the Congo …………………. 68 – Campaign in Hawaii. ………………….. 147 – Uganda Mission Jubilee ……………… lO3 – Young Christian Pioneers ……………… 314 – Coach in Argentina ……… , ………….. 65 African Chiefs of Many Sorts ………….. 230 – Christian Mothers …………………….. 230 – Coaches," Further Use of ……………. 475 – Christian Women ………………………. 229 – Church Officers ………………………… 792 – Depot in Constantinople ……………….. 231 – Dwarfs, Open Door to …………………. 464 – Education, Experiment in, F. W. Cobb …. 755 – for Buddhist Lama…………………….. 4b9 – Funeral Transformed …………………. 791 -'- "Gospel Van," South …………………. 315 – – Papuan Christians …………………. 874 – King, Medical Treatment for ………….. 626 – in l!.speranto ………………………….. 61 – Languages and Cultures, Institute of …. 223 – Natives, Training South ……………….. 69 – – Mexico ………………………………. 224 – Race Councils, South …………………. 627 – Schoalboys, Records of ……………….. 314 – – Modern Armenian ………………….. 316 – Wife, Nyeke, a West …………………. 848 – Lands, Christian Council ……………… 776 – Woman a Deacon ………………………. 867 – Read in India' …………………………. 778 African's Record ………………………… 391 Aggrey, J. E. K., African Christian, H. W. – ::it. Mark in Tibetan …………………. 144 Peet ……………………………………. 753 – Through Chinese Eyes, W. H. Oldfield …. 514 Alaska, Jubilee of Missions in ……….1545, 876 Bibles, l<1x-Cannibals Give for ……………. 549 – Native Brotherhood …………………… 240 – Radio Missionary in …………………… 957 – for Moslem Theologues …………… 00 ….. 465 Algiers, Opportunities in …………………. 712 – Given to New Citizens …………………. 413 Amazon, Colportage on the ……………… 547 – in Latin America, More ……………….. 630 America, AppreCiation of, Michi Kawai …. 538 – No Hope for America, El{cept-, John Mc- – – Manchuria. Selling …………………. 708 Blind Moslems Study Bible ……………… :029 Dowell. ………" ………………………… 197 – Religious Privileges for the ………….. 46~ – Nomad Workers in, Louise F. Shields …. 429 BOlivian Boy Accepts Christ ……………. 311 American Bible SOCiety Jubilee, .Japan …… 237 – ChurChes for 1926. Progress of H. K. Car- – Indian Chur<;h ………………….. 00 ….. 476 Boys of the World ………………………. 667 roll …………………………………… 449' Brahman Became a Christian, Why a, J. – Dolls Reach Japan …………………….. 306 – Indian Appeal to President ……………. 876 C. R. Ewing ………………………….. 599 – – Christian Leaders ………………..309, 876 – – Girl's Questions …………………….. 240 Brahmans Ask for Preaching ……………. fl53 – – Pastor's Reply ……………………… 635 – Dramatic Testimony …………………… 629 – – SchOOlS, Religious Work Directors ….. 703 – Indians, Ask Help for ……………….. 474 Brazil, Believers in Western ……………. 65 – -' Excuses … " ……………. " ……….. , 786 – Colporteur, Fearless …………………… 225 – – Trained Christian ………………….. 387 – Peacemaker in China …………………. 382 – IllitEll"acy, League to Combat ………….. 150 – Side of the Rio Grande,' Thomas Burgess 689 America's Plight and the Remedy ……….. 245 – Newspaper Evangelism in ……………. 636 AnatoJla College, New ……………………. 8fl8 Anti-Christian Agitation, in South China, W. – "Privilege of Being Arrested" ………… 310 – Sunday-school, "People's Institute" ……. 283 H. Oldfield ……………………………… 43 – "Twice-Born Man" …………………….. 475 Appaswamy, Dewan Bahadur A. S., H. A. Brazilian Anti-Protestants ……………….. 547 Popley …………………………….. 256, 366 Appeal, The Missionary, Fifty Years Ago – Preacher in Portugal …………………. 625 – S. S. Progress ………………………… 388 and Now …………………………….. 921 Arab Views on Palestine ………………….. 69 – Woman's Outlook ………………………. 864 – Interest in the Bible …………………. 394 British GUiana, Racial Groups in ………… 311 Arabia, Loyal Witness in …………………. 394 .- Medical Missions in, L. P. Dame ………. 89 – Missionary Finances …………………… 624 – – Trip to Kateef, PaUl W. Harrison ….. 821 Budapest, World Conference at, Samuel M. – Touring with Christ in, Paul W. Harrison 419 – Women's Hospital in Bahrain …………. 466 Zwemer ……………………………….. 439 Arabs, Among Nomad, Leigh F. Irish …….. 824 Buddhist Lama, Bible for ……………….. 469 Argentina, "Bible Coach" in …….. : …….. 66 – Bible, Weekly Payments for ……. '……. Iii() – Missionaries to America ………………. 145 Armenian, Bible In Modern,,::………………. 311i Bulgaria, American Schools in ………….. 790 – Opportunity in ………………………… 226 – Schools in Sofia, New Buildings for …. 227 Burma, Chinese Christians in ……………. 395 – Judson College ………………………… 156 – Karens Must Share Gospel ……………. 870 Burmese Preaching Laymen ……………. 870 – Women, Church Work of ……………… 234 Canadians Take Angola Work ………….. 391 Cannibalism in the Sudan ……………….. 314 Cannibals Now Christians, Miao ………… 382 g:ai:!esss;~ner U~ge, ~. D .. Gordon ………. 732 y, IOUS Situatlon Ill ……………. 710 – Union Chapel ………………………….. 870 Chattergee, Kali Charan, J. C. R. Ewing …. 599 Chautauqua, Missionary …………………. 328 Chile, Important School in ……………….. 636 – New Opportunities in, C. M. Splning…. 839 – Soldiers' Gospel Mission ……………….. 864 – – Transformed " ……………………. '" 715 – Status of Priests in …………………… 388 Chilean Woman, Influence of ……………… 150 -ChWomen Help Prisoners ……………….. 715 ina and the Christian Church, Robert E.

-160~~in"~~' "di'::::::::::::::::: :: :::: :: :::: ::: ~~ ~ and the Missionary Program ……….. , 247 Page Page China, Anti-Christian Agitation in South, W. Chinese Women's Organizations ………….. 872 H. Oldfield ……………………………. 43 – Youth. Prayer of a ……………………. 72 Christ Without Christianity. William Ban- _ Boxer Times and Today ……………… 168 _ Boy's Ideals of Citi~enship ………….. 304 croft Hill ……………………………… 814 Christian Endeavor Convention, All-Europe 865 _ Canton School Has Celebration ………… 630 – – – Shanghai …………………………. 780 _ Cantonese at ·Boone University ………… 305 – – in Egypt ……………………………. 15:1 – – – Spain …………………………….. 789 _ Captive, Time Well Spent as a ………. 304 – – Society Leads to Church ……………. 76 – – World Commissions. Three ………….. 792 _ Chinese View of Situation in, Paul Chih – Endeavorer. Siamese ………………….. 235 Meng …………………………………… 331 – – in Prison, Filipino ……………….. 146 Church and Y. M. C. A, Cooperation …….. 239 _ Christian Colleges, Dr. Sun's Son on …… 554 – Architecture, Interpretation of. A. F. _ _ Workmen Organize …………………. 631 Wickes ……………………………….. 58 _ Chungking Christians Carry On ………. 554 – Attendance, John Ferguson ……………. 33 – Membership. Losses in …………………. 716 _ Church Activities in Paotlng ………….. ,07 – of England in India …………………… 156 Clark. Francis E .• R. P. Anderson …….. 563. 596 _ Coolie's Devotion, Ricksha ……………. 142 Coal Mining. Human Factor in. Fred Ham- _ Cultivating an Understanding with ….. : .. 409 _ Education More Chinese, Making Chris- ilton Rindge ………………………….. 199 Colombia. Church Self-Support in ………. 788 tian, Mrs. T. C. Chu ……………….. 136 – School for Boys in Bogota ………….. 647 Colombia's So-called Prophet …………….. 958 – Fifty Years of Protestant Missions, Arthur 12 Colombian Boys in Bible Study ………… 475 H. Smith ………. ,., …………………. 9 Colporteurs "Endure Hardness" ………….. 558 Colver. Frederick L .• Death of ……………. 894 _ Flood Going to School in a ……………. 143 Comity …………………………………… 460 _ Foochow's Governor Reads Bible …….. 236 Conference on Conferences. Third. Mrs. Sam- _ Gospels Given to Bandits ……………. 871 _ Hunanese Pastor Murdered ……………. 781 uel Semple ……………………………. 53 _ Loyalty in Hunan, Christian ………….. 72 – – Faith and Order …………………… 637 – – Jewish Work. World ……………….. 170 – Martyrs in Shansi …………………… yO!. Conferences. New Day for. Eulla Rossman 378 Congregational Home Missions ………….. 239 _ Missionary, Function of the ………… "3~ – Reorganization ………………………… 635 _ Missions Today and Tomorrow. Edward Country Community and the Country Church, H. Hume ……………………………… 337 Malcolm Dana …………………………. 353 _ Nanking. Ordeal of. Searle Bates .: …… 58ii Cooperation. Church and Y. M. C. A……. 239- _ Nanning. City of, H; Lechmere Chft …. 126" – Foreign Missionary . . …… .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . 86 _ National Christian Council ………….. 142 – In Home Missions ………………….88, 807 _ Outlook for Christianity in. Jonathan Costa Rica, Greater Freooom in ………… 863 Crawford, Dan, and His Work. G. E. Tilsley 491 Goforth .. :…………………………….. 645 Creed for Everyman …………………… 520 _ Present Situation, A. L. Warnshuis …… 55 – – Missionary SOCieties, Mary A. Vale .. 352 _ Quest for God in. Harlan P. Beach …… 200 Cronk. Katharine Scherer ………… 249. 294, 517 _ "Reformatories" So-Called ……………. 872 Cronk Memorials, Mrs. E. C………….. .408. 534 _ Revival in Chihli …, ………………… 554 Cuba, Union Church of Havana ………… 224 _ Schoolboys Give for 'India ……………. 73 Czecho-Slovakia. Churches in ……………. 789 _ Selling Bibles to Bandits ……………. 468 Daily Vacation Bible Schools ……………. 157 _ Shanghai C. E. Convention ………….. 7sg DEATHs-Adams. Eleanor S. . …………….. 163 _ _ Missionary School …. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 63 – Bell. Ezra K. .. ……….3d Cover. November _. Aggrey. J. E. K. .. …………………. 641 _ Social Reform' Campaign ……………… 653 _ Standards for a Husband …………… 73 – Baron. David ……… ………………….. 3 – Burrell. David James …. 3d Cover. February _ Szechuan Province. Evacuation of. Geo. – Clark. Francis E. . ……………………. 483 W. Sparling ………………………….. 611 – Colver, Frederick L. . ………………… 894 – Cousins. George ………………………… 3 _ Union and Disunion ……………………. 892 – Elsing, William T. . ……………………. 723 _ Vice Christians Fighting ……………… 72 – Forsyth. David D. …………………… 3 _ Pion'eer Work. Marie Park ………….. 612 – Fritchley. E. W. .. …………………….. 408 _ What Christ· Would Say to ……………. 871 – Fulton, Mary Hannah …………………. 163 _ Why One School Closed. By the American – Green, Mr•. Margaret Williams ………… 403 – Guiness, Whitefield ……………………… 483 Teacher ……………………………….. 606 – Hall, William H. .. ………………….. , 163 – Herrick, George l<~. …………………… 3 _ Y. M. C. A. Property ………. ·········· 468 – Hodder-Williams, Ernest ……………… 483 _ Y. W. C. A. Year's Gain ……………. 73 – Holmes, Mary Caroline ……………….. 408 – King, Goorge E. . ……………………… 723 Chinese Answered. Anti-Christian ………. 590 – MacNair. Mrs. Theodore M. . …………. 641 _ Christian Business Man ………………… 380 – McClure, William G. .. ……………….. 403 _ _ Endeavorers …………………………. 142 – McQuere, William …………………….. 723 _ _ Layman. G. W. Sparling ………….. 107 – Morse. Richard CoO …..3d Cover, Februarv _ _ Newspaper ………………………….. 142 – Reed, Orville …………………………. 9ElS _ _ Sermon, HSlleh Meng Ts'ai ………… 848 – Reid, Gilbert …………. 3d Cover, November _ _ Unknown, Robert Gillies ……………. 214 – Riggs, Mrs. Alfred ………….. .. .. .. . … 483 _ Christians Courageous ………………… 871 – Ryan, Arthur C. .. …………………….. 641 _ – in Burma ………………………….. 395 – Scanlon, Charles ………………………. 323 _ _ – the Present· 'Crisis ……………….. 584 – Stalker, James ………………………… 323 – Wherry. Ellwood M…….3d Cover, Novemb€r – Church. Crises in ……………………… 589 – Young, S. Hall. ………………………… 723 _ Clergymen. New ………………………. 780 Devolution, Another Side of ……………… 302 _ Colleges, News from …………………… 707 Disciples' Missionary Work ……………… 62 _ Colporteurs and Bandits, O. Braskamp .. 608 – Tibetan Mission ……………………….. 144 _ Comments on the Chnrch .. ……………. 72 Doll Messenger. to Japan …………….306. 471 – Debt to Mission Schools ……………….. 953 Doshisha, Covenant for a New ………….. 556 _ Elder's Tithe ……………………………. 304 – Revival in ……………………………. 706 _ Eyes, Bible Through, W. H. Oldfield …… 514 _ Father and His Sons, O. Braskamp …… 823 Dutch, Can You Beat the, Samuel M. _ Gifts for Bible Schools ……………….. 143 Zwemer ……………………………….. 195 – Girls in California …………………….. 786 – Home Missionary Work ………………. 953 East and the West. Sadhu Sundar Singh ]3 – in Korea, Reaching …………………… 706 Ecuador. Native Church in ………………. , 864 _ Mail-Carrier. Robert Gillies ………….. 428 _ Manifesto, Remarkable ……………….. 483 Education, Filipinos ·Eager {I!f ., …• , ..,.,.,.,., .. 76 .,- Message to Missionaries ……………….. 581 -Mission Funds ………………………… 554 – Missions in the Balance ……………….. 405 – Moslems, Friends of …………………… 781 _ Recommendation as to Missions ………. 609 – Religion Seen Through Chinese Proverbs Harlan P. Beach …………………….. 102 _ Studying Economics .. , ….. 305 0 …………… – Tribute to Y. M. C. A…………………. 381 _ Turmoil and Missions Reports ………. 131 – Situation. in China. PaUl Chih Merig …… 331 – Wowen Pri~e~ibles …… " ………………. 469 Page Pal?"e Education in China, More Chinese, Making KawaU, "Where East and West Meet" .•••• 543 Christian, Mrs. T. C. Chu ……………… 136 Hawaiians, Orientals and, Geo. W. Hinman 945 – – Day Schools, Experiment in Mission- Heroes, World's Youth Names ……………. 317 ary, Edith M. Bell …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. 850 Hindu Regard for Animal Life ………….. 302 – – Law Observance …………………..•.. 239 – New Era in Missionary ……………… 54Q – Students Exalt Service ……………….. 394 Educational Advance In South America …… 459 "Hinduism at Its Crudest" ……………… 303 Egypt, Assiut Church Gains Members …….. 313 – Cairo Students In Training ………….. 549 – Great Lack in ………………………. 869 – Christian Endeavor in ……..•……….. 152 – Moslem Builds a Church ……………. 392 – Ideal vs Real in, G. N. Thomssen …….. 264 – Purity Tracts in Cairo, A. T. Upson…….. 38 – Social Evils of ………………………. 778 – Sunday-schools in Coptic Church …….. 463 Egyptian Hospital Overcomes Hostility …… 791 Hindus Desire Clean Hearts ………•…….. 868 Egyptians Directing Sunday-schools …….. 68 – "HI-Y" Movement, Growth of ………… 541 England, London Student Campaign …….. 390 – Sunday Amusements in ……………… 713 Home Conditions That Hinder Work Abroad English Churches Unite, Two ……………. 789 Mrs. F. F. Lindsay …………………. 349 – International House …………………… 789 Esperanto as Y. W. C. A. Language …… ,. 557 – Mission Field, Greatest ……………….. 488 – Bible in ……..•……………………….. 61 – Missionary on the Foreign Field. Coe Essential Character of the Christian Mes- Hayne ………………………………… 342 sage, John McDowell …………………. 565 – Missions, Adequate Program for, Jay Europe, All-Europe C. E. Convention …….. 865 S. Stowell ……………………………. 284 – "Y. M. C. A." in Central ……………. 67 European Churches, Loan Fund for …….. 66 – – Congregational ……………… , …….. 239 – – Work Together …………………….. 865 Federal Council Executives ……………… 147 – – Cooperation in …….. I • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 007 Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Home Missions, Half Century of Progress, John A. Marquis ……………………… 927 Missions, Annual Meeting ……………. 375 Feng, Marshall …………………………… 650 Hungarian Laws of Conduct ………….. 31Y Iceland, Sunday Schools in ……………….. 226 Fifty Years of Fruitful Service, Mrs. Orrin If By Any Means We May Save Some, R. Judd ….•……………………………. 573 Lucie G. Owen ………………………. 36.~ Immigrants, Fillpino …………………….. 64 Filipino Endeavorers in Prison ………… 146 – Evangelistic Tour •……………………. 634 Indemnity, Board Claims No ……………. 717 – Pastors, Training ……………..•…….•. 385 India, Ahmednagar Training School………. 70 – Youth, Training ……..•…………..•….. 543 Filipinos Eager for Education ………….. 76 – Appeal of Jesus Christ to, Robert A. Finnish and Danish Missions ……………. 151 Hume …………………………………. 15 Foreign Missions,. Can We Dispense With, – Bible Study Popular …………………… 395 Stanley High …………………………. 507 – – Interest in, Helen Barrett Montgomery 570 – Bishop Azarlah Asks for Help …….. 552 France, Materialism In Modern ………… 548 – Bleeding Pillar as Text ……………… 234 Free Thinkers' Appeal Denied ………….. 644 Friends in Russia, Service of ……………. 152 – Christian Headman's Wife ……………. 395 From Mohammed to Christ. Habib Yusufji 117 – Church of England …………………… 156 Gandhi, Waning InflUence of ……………. 467 – Devolution, Another Side of ……•….. 30~ German Celibate Women Clergy ………… 790 – Foes of Christianity …………………… 7,8 – Church Regains Strength ……………. 865 Germany, Amusements in ………………•. 714 – From Criminal Tribe to Ministry …….. 5.')2 – Church Membership in ………………•. 714 – Roman Catholics in …………………… 625 – God at Work In Punjab ……………….. 779 Gifts. Pan-American Children's ………… 389 – Hears from Tuskegee ……………….. 467 Ginling College, China …………………… 457 – High-Castes Buy Bibles ……………….. 466 Give for Africa. Japanese ……….. , …… 612 – Nothing for Missions. Who Should …… 672 – Hospital Patient's Prayer ……………. 155 – This Year to Missions. How Much …… 580 -' to Missions, Why Every Church Should 290 – Jesus the "Avatar" for ……………….. 709 – What Can I ………………………….. 820 – Jones' Meetings, Dr. Stanley ……..71.234 – Why Do You ………………………… 291 Giving and Decaying Churches ………… ?92 – KilIlng by Purdah Gas ……………….. 709 – AposUe's Plan of …………………….. 292 – Chinese Gifts for Bible Schools …….. 143 – Moga School ………………………….. 394 – Chineoe Schoolboys Give for India …… 73 – Mohammedan'S Appeal ………………… 779 – "Hand-Grip Offerings" in Assam …….. 71 – Meeting of the Coins …………………. 76 – National Christian Council ……………. 233 – My Money Creed, Homer C. Stuntz…….. 293 – Pocketbook Heroism …………………… 290 – Ninety Years in Saharanpur ………….. 629 – Principles of. Some, John D. Rockefeller 291 – Scriptural Standards of ……………….. 293 – Organizing Christian Villages ………… 709 – Tithers in the Congo …………………. 68 – Outcastes Transformed ………………… 700 Gospel in a Japanese Prison ………….. 74 – Korean Lepers Spread the ………….. 75 – Railway but No Gospel ……………… 466 Great Britain's Drink Bill …..•…….•. , 548 Greece, Athens School of Religion ………. 714 – Reaching Men of Many Faiths …….•.. 629 – Corinth, Transformation of …..•………. 151 – Reading Bible ………………………… 778 – Merger of Tnterests in ……………….. 67 – Refug""s Farming in ……………….. 312 – School Prepares the Way ……………. 628 – "Zoi" Brotherhood in …………………. 390 – Schools, Village ………………………. 155 Guatemala Mission Imitated ……………… 546 – Prayer Answered in …………………. 787 – Slavery Contract In Rajputana ………… 869 Gufttema1an Christian, Notable ………… :.475 – Christians, Trusted ……………………. 863 – Slaves In Nepal, Freed ……………… 233 Hartzell Training School …………………. 228 – Students Pray for Law Enforcement In Have Christians a Vital Message? Arthur America ………………………………. 297 Judson Brown ………………………… 831 – Taken for Kidnappers, H. J. Sheets …….. 764 HawaU, Bible Campaign in ……………… 147 – Tithers in the Punjab ……………….. 467 – Boys' School in Honolulu ………….. 238 – ll'aster Morning' in· Honolulu ….. ; ….. ::. 473 – Vacation Bible Schools ……………….. 466 – No Race Problem …………………….'. 385 – Village Girl's Witness …………………. 552 Indian Bible Class Popular ……………… 63 – Christian Light-Bearer, H. A. Popley 256, 366 – -M Literature, More . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. … 629 – Ovement f,or Unity …………………… 551 – Ph!lanthroplsts ………………………… 302 – TrIbute to Christ …………………….. 552 -1 dVillageS Changed, South ……………… 779 n ians Conduct a ColJege ……………… 71 Ind~a's Attitude to the Church ………… 232 – Natio!'al Christian Council, E. D. Lucas .. 444 Jndo-Chma. Le~dership in ……………….. 144 Industrial MiSSiOn, Zambesi ……………… 392 Ind~otry and Missions …………………… 1'57 InstItute of Pacific Relations. Missions at the, Daniel J. Fleming ………….-……. 809 Tnterdenominational Evangelism ………… 716 Interrac!al C~operation, Gain in ………… 636 – RelatIons m Chicago …………………. 386 Iraq, Colporteurs AttaCked in Nejf ………. 711 – Open Hous~ In Baghdad ……………… 778 Irish Colportage Association ……………. 714 Tslam SPreads In AbYssinia ……………. 320"89 Island_, Burled "the Jesus Way" …………

– C. E. Society Leads to Churcb 76 – South Seas, Centenary In ….:::.::.•.: ….:.::. 75 Page Page Islands, Unusual Teacher at Kusaie …… 634 Latin America, Missions, Legitimacy of Evangelical, WebstCil' E. Browning •… 277 – White Ribbon Women in Niue, Margaret J. Beharell ……………………………. 844 Latin American Mission, Methodist ………. 473 Latvia, Christian Federation in ………….. 2"7 Japan, Battle for Purity in, E. C. Hennigar 664 – Riga '1 abernacle Dedicated ……………. 313 – Bible Society Jubilee …………………. ~37 Law Observance, Education in ………….. 239 Layman, Chinese Christian, G. W. Sparling 107 – Christian Students in Tokyo ………….. 633 League of Nations and Religion ………… 61 Leper Asylum Well-Conducted, P. A. Penner 371 – – Women in Kyoto …………………. 383 Lepers at Talku, Healing ……………… 384 – in Srinagar, Kashmir, Helping, Lettice M. – Doll Messengers ……………………306, 471 Shann ………………………………… 841 – Earthquake, Another …………………. 245 – Japanese Christian …………………….. 303 – Spread Gospel in Korea ……………… 75 – Editor's Tribute ………………………. 7()5 L~prosy in the West Indies ……………. 546 Liberia's Progress, Plans for ……………. 791 – Fresh Impressions of, Robert E. Speer .. 173 Literature for Moslems, Christian, Murray – Fruit After Many Years ……………. 7h2 – Fruite of Evangelism …………………. !lI3 T. Titus ……………………………… 27 – Gospel Btill "Good News" ……………. 505 London Missionary SOCiety Jubilee in Africa 549 – Ka;;awa's School for Farmers ………… 471 Lutherans Consolidate Boards ……………. 63 – Newspaper .h.vangelism …………….145. 237 Madagascar, Conference in, M. A. Helland 44() – "No Uirls Here" ………………………. 74 – Women Transformed ………………….. 712 – Retigious Ke6ulation Bill, No ………… 38" Manchuria, Selling Bibles in ……………. 708 – "Second . Mile Club" …………………… 306 Manchurian Troops, Sermon for ………… 306 – Unlinished Task in, Harvey Brokaw …… 651 Medical-Hospital Evangelism In Korea …… 75 – Unrest in ……………………………… 701) – MiSSions in Arabia, Results of, L. P. Dame 89 – Woman's Progress In …………………. 7()5 – Treatment for an African King ………. 626 Japanese-American Christians ………….. 7b6 – Trip to Kateef, Arabia, P. W. Harrison 821 – »ttend Tent Meetings …………………. 3)6 Mennonites Go to Paraguay ………… 389, 511 – Christians Are Doing in Kobe, What, Men's Church League …………………… 956 Mesopotamia, (See Iraq) Colporteur Wins Susan A. Searle …………………….. 658 – Give for Africa …………………….. 632 His Freedom …………………………. 316 – m America, New Life for, Esther Mary – Evangelistic EIlIort in Mosul . . . . . . . . . . .. 551 – MOSlem and Jew Study Bible ………. 868 McCuliough …………………………… 679 – New Center In HllIah ……………….. ~32 – on bplrituaJ Outlook In Japan ………… 144 Message, Have Christians' a Vital, Arthur – Peers and Christianity ……………… 774 – "rison, Gospel in …………………….. 74 Judson Brown ………………………… 831 – KebUl<es Tourists ………………………. 470 Methodist Financial Goals ……………….. 62 – Sees Americans, As a …………………. 383 – Latin-American Mission ………………. 473 – Social Outcasts …………………………,,74 – Progress in Africa …………………… 315 – Soldier Loyal to Christ ……………….. 383 METHoDs-Burton's Book, Miss, Mrs. Dan – – Seeks "a Bible Life" ……………… 470 – StuUtmt Convention ………………….. ~39 B. Brummitt ………………………….. 767 – Villages, Evangelizing .. , …………….. 555 – Cavert's Book, a Pageant, Mrs. Dan B. Japan's Religious Attitude ……………….. 873 Jerusalem, Bible House in ……………… 465 Brummitt ……………………………… 765 Jew and Moslem Study Bible ………….. 868 – Christian Centers, John M. Hestenes …… 62 Jewish Attitude to Christ, New ………… 316 – ChUrch on Wheels, W. J. Vincent …….. 49 – Convert's Examination ……………….. 393 – How To and Not How Not To, Mrs. Clay- – Girls Accepting Christ …………………. 308 – Work, World Conference on …………… 170 ton D. Eulette ………………………… 451 Jews. Christian Message to the, Samuel M. – in Stewardship ………………………… 290 – Mexicans in the U. S., Reaching …….. 50 Zwemer ……………………………….. 439 – Missi(}n Library ……………………….. 856 – Turn Christian, Austrian ……………. 226 – Mission Study Text Books, Using the, Jones, Stanley, in South India ………..71, 234 J ubi/ee, The Missionary Review of the Edith M. Bell …………….,.,…………. 852 – Missionary Education in Day SChools, World ……………………………….. 7, 807 Kagawa on Christianity in Japan ………. 954 Edith Mae Bell …………………….. 850 Kagawa's School for Farmers ……………. 471 – – Reading Campaign, Mrs. E. H. Silver- Kobe College, Progress in .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 633 Korea, "All-Korea" Paper ……………….. 384 thorn …………………………………. 534 – Awake, L. T. Newland ……………….. 613 – – Results of Common-Place Contacts, G. – Changes After Thirty Years ………….. 307 – Colporteurs in Modern ……… .. .. .. .. … 237 B. Gilbert ……………………………. 50 – DestroYing Idols at Ka Ri Bong, Marion – Program Preparation, Mrs. Willard H.

E. Hartness ………………………….. 47 Smith …………………………………. 693 – Double Present-Day Miracle In, A. G. – Reading in Costume .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. 5-3 Mexican Law Defines a Minister ………… 715 Fletcher ………………………………. 676 – Problems in Texas …………………….. 387 – Eager Village Women in ……………. 633 – Protestant Teachers …………………… 474 – Evangelism in Andong Hospital .. . . . . .. 632 – Relations, Studying, Coe Hayne ………. 110 – ,from Industrial Viewpoint, Mrs. R. G. – Statement on Religion ……………….. 546 – Temperance Society ……………………. 546 Vance …………………………………. 860 Mexicans In Texas, Among, Joseph M. Daw- – "Good Man Never Dies" ……………. 783 – Hand-Written Hymnal ………………… 782 son …………………………………… 757 – Hospital Evangelism, A. G. Fletcher …. 515 Mexico, Bible in ………………………… 224 – – – Fruits of ……………………….75, 3(H – Calles Regime …………………………. 310 – How Mrs. Yi Founded Churches, F. S. – Evangelistic Methods in ……………….. 637 – Far From the Beaten Tracks, Ethel R. Miller …………………………………. 610 – Industrial Training in ……………….. 873 Doctor ………………………………… 193 – Obcervations in, Robert E. Speer …….. 251 – from Within, Norman W. Taylor ………. 181 – Reaching Chinese in .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. 706 – Labor Laws in ………………………. 65 – Sunday-school Growth In Kwangju …… 146 – New Opportunities in …………………. 64 – Syenchun Church Branches Out………… ~38 ~ Permits Foreign Clergy ……………….. 310 – Temperance Progress …………………. 874 – Religious Situation in …………………. 341 – Trained Leaders Needed ……………… 706 – Revolution, Before and After the, Wil- – Y. M. C. A., Rural …………………. 146 – Christian, Tribute to …………………. 656 liam Wallace ………………………… 186 – Church in New York ……………….. 474 – Schools, Successful …………………….. 224 – – Women in the …………………….. 307 Mexico, Uprising, New ………………….. 893 – Exiles In Manchuria …………………… 470 Mexico's Congress, Christ In ……………. 149 – Lepers Spread the Gospel ……………… 75 Miao Cannibals Now Christians …………. 382 – Woman Soul-Winner …………………… 556 Micronesia. Christians in ………………… 473 Korea's New Day, Demands of ………… 145 Migrant Workers, Mary Edith P. Oliver.. 541 Kurdlatan Hospital, Life In a ………….. 951 – – in America, LoUise F. Shields ……… 429 Latin America, Gambling in ……………. 863 Mission Boards Fifty Years Ago, Allen R.

Bartholomew …………………………. 899 Page Page Missionary Appeal Fifty Years Ago and Now Persia, Among Assyrians of, Mrs. J. P.

Stephen J. Corey ……………………… 921 Cochran ………………………………. 828 Missionary, Function of the ……………… 235 – Courtesy Disarms Mullah …………….. 777 – on the Foreign Field,. A Home, ePe ·Hayne 342 – Faces the Future, Samuel M. Zwemer…. 19 – For a United Church of ……………… 551 Missionary Review of the World-!iemi-Centennial ………………………………… 7 – Moslem Teacher Accepts Christ ………. 777 – Societies, Creed for, Mary A. Vale …… 352 – Needs Christian Books ……………….. 777 – Wife, Handicaps of, Anon ……………. 3~ – New Opportunities in Teheran ………… 628 – Old and New Bibles in ……………… 551 Missions, Christian, Amos_ R. Wells …….. 287 – Telephone Evangelism in ……………… 650 – or O-Missions …………………………. 752 Persian Converts ………………………… 465 – Why Christian, P. Whitwell Wilson …. 737 – Gospels Were Sold, How ……………… 316 Mississippi Flood Relief, Chinese Give for 543 – Gulf, Seventeen Years In the, C. S. G. – – Sufferers in the …………………… 4{)9 Modern Answer to an Ancient Question, Mylrea ………………………………… 743 Personal, Abel, Russell …………………… 243 John Ferguson ……………………….. 33 – Allen. Arthur J. .. …………………….. 83 – Heroes of Faith ………………………. 6SS – Archer, John Clark …………………… 483 – Ashmore, Jr.. William ……………….. 83 Mohammed and Theopholis, Calvin K. – Azariah, Bishop ………………………. 483 Staudt ………………………………… 747 ~ Balme, Harold ………………. . .. . .. .. … 641 – Bartholomew, Allen R ………………….. 24l Mohammedan's Appeal in India ………….. 779 Moravian Church in Nicaragua ………….. 65- Mormon Looks Us Over. Inquiring, Claton – Birge, J. Kingsley …………………… 40.1 S. Rice ……………………………….. 298 – Cantine, James ………………………… 163 – Temples, Five New …………………… 64 – Chen, Eugene ………………………….. 4{)3 Mormons, Church Members Become …….. 386 – Clark, Alden H. . ……………………. 243 Moslem and Christian Faces ……………. 233 – Converse. Harry P ……………………. 243 = ..::..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: – – Jew Study Bible …………………… 868 – Cort, Edwin C………..3d Cover, November~:~ – Builds a Church ………………………. 392 ~:~:: S~K~s – Convert's Testimony …………………… 708 – Heroes of the Faith …………………… 711 – Dodge Cleveland E. …………………… 8~ – Life in Rumania and Bulgaria, Samuel – EntWistle, Mary ………………………. 641 M. Zwemer …………………………… 725 – Fulton, A. F. .. ………………………… 242 – Preacher Converted ……………………. 122 – Geil, Mrs. William Edgar ……………. 403 – Seekers, Focal Point for, E. E. Elder…. 749 – Gilman, Bishop ………………………… 163 – Teacher Accepts Christ in Persia ………. 777 – Gordon, David R ……………………… 563 – Theologues, Bibles For ……………….. 465 – Grenfell, Wilfred ………………………. 123 – Women, Freedom for, J. G. King …….. 288 – Hail,. J. B ………………………..; ….. 243 – World Secularized …………………….. 231 – HarrIS, Wm………….. 3d Cover, November Moslems Ask for Mission School ………… 628 – Hume, Edward H …………………..323, 483 – Christian Lectures for ……………….. 791 – Hume, Robert A. .. …………………. 83. 563 – – Literature for, Murray T. Titus…… 27 – King, Wm. R ……………………….. 563, 723 – Friends of Chinese …………………… 781 – Kittell, James S. .. ……… , ………….. 243 – Impressions of Christianity, Charles R. – Lambie, Tom ………………………….. 403 Watson ……………………………….. 273 – McCune, Geo. S. .. ……………………. 884 – in Morocco …………………………….. 152 – McKean, James W …….3d Cover, November – Moton, Robert R. …………………….. 83 – to Christ, Why It Is Difllcult to Lead, E. M. Wherry ……………………..521, 603 – North, Eric ……………………………. 323 Mosque, Negroes at Chicago ……………. 786 – Paton, William ……………………..83, 242 Motive In Missions, Supreme ……………. 805 – Peake, A. S. .. ………………………… 242 Mottoes, Missionary …………………….. 263 – Poling, Daniel A. . ………………….. 243, 403 Nanking University Reopened ……… , …… 630 – PollOCk, A. W. .. ………………………. 483 "Nationality Nights" in California …….. 785 – Sastri, Srinivasa ………………………. 641 Near East College Association ………… 393 – Sell, Canon ……………………………. 3,3 Negro Children in New York ……………. 876 – Shepard, Lorin A. ………….. • .. . .. .. …. 32.3 – Church Union, Plans for ……………… 785 – Singh, Sadhu Sundar …………………. 563 – Welfare Work, State …………………… 545 – Smith, Arthur H. ………………………. 83 – Y. M. C. A. Buildings, New ………… 785 – Speer, Robert E. …………………….. 83 Negroes at Chicago Mosque ……………. 786 – Stauffer, Milton T ……..3d Cover, November – SchOOling for Southern ……………… 309 – Sweitzer, Albert ……………………….. 884 New England Pastors Confer ………….. 784 – Thoburn, Isabella …………………….. 483 New GUinea., Bible for Papuan Christians .. 874 – Thornton, Mrs. Douglas ……………….. 723 – Changes in, Russell Abel ……………. 203 – Vermilya, Charles E. . ………………… 723 – Not Head-But Heart-Hunters ………… 634 – Watson, Charles R ……. 3d Cover, November – Standards in Papua …………………… 238 – Wilder, Robert P. . ……………………. 641 – Training Preachers' Wives ……………. 146 – Wilson, Jesse R. ……………………… 641 – Workers Papua Needs Today ………… 784 – Zwemer, Samuel M. . ………………….. 323 New Hebrides, Baptisms in Paton's Field .. 308 !Peru, Evangelical Church in …………….. 864 New Zealand, Maoris in ……………….. 385 – Ex-Monk Accepts Christ ……………… 788 Nicaragua, Moravian Church in ………….. 65 – Inca Indians of ……………………….. 311 Nicaraguan Convert's Courage ………….. 787 – Indian Church in …………………….. 225 Nigeria, Change in Ten Years ……………. 230 – School Girl's Program for ……………. 389 Nile Mission Press Colparteurs ………… 68. Peruvian Bible Students …………………. 959 Non-Christian World, J. Camphell White 9 Philippines, Church Union in the ……….. 308 Northfield's Missionary Colony ………….. 545 – Consecrated Cocoanut Trees ……………. 472 Objective, Our Modern Missionary ………. 889 – Moros at a Student Conference ………. 147 Orientals and Hawaiians, Geo. W. Hinman 945 – SchoolS in the ………………………… 783 Orient and the Occident …………………. 830 – Silliman Institute Graduates ………….. 874 Pacific Relations, Missions at the Institute of 238 Poem, "All Are One," John Oxenham ……. 703 Pale-stine, Arab Views on ……………….. 69 – Christ Calls for Boys and Men, J. M. – Earthquake in ………………………… 776 Coon ………………………………….. 917 – Jewish Homeland ……………………… 868 – Easter .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. … 301 – Jews, Evangelizing …………………….. 164 – Evangelize .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . 32 – Training Girls in …………………….. 315 – For Ail Thy Missionary Saints, Elizabeth Pan-American Children's Gifts ………….. 389 Strang Baird ……………………….. 668 Papua, Pioneering in ……………………. 900 – Helping Others ……………………….. 539 Paraguay, Trekking from Canada to, Web- – Our Part, Lillian M. Weeks ……………. 219 ster E. Browning ………………….389, 511 Polish Protestants Unite ………………… 227 Paraguayan Girls, Schools For ………….. 66 "Polygamy Legalized." …………………… 476 Peace of Goodwill, James E. Freeman …… 935 Porto Rioo, Elfective Work In ……………. 787 Peking Union Medical College ……………. 631 – Seminary. Evangelical ………………… 148 Page Page Portugal, Brazilian Preacher in …………. 625 Sudan, Cannibalism in the …………….•… 314 Portuguese Decree on Missions ………•..•.. 151 – Schools, PrlIjlary ………………………. 153 Prayer Answered in Guatemala …….•…… 787 – Indian Call to …………………..•.•….. 70 Sunday-S1lhooJ,J-Growth in Kwangju ….. , .. 146 – Of a Chinese Youth ……………………• 72 – World Pilgrimage of ……………..•…. 218 – Missionar¥'ln Tennessee ….•………….. 875 Praying Forth Workers, John R. Mott …… 736 Presbyterian Board Claims No Indemnity 717 – Progress in Brazil …………………….. 388 – Foreign Board, Annual Conference …… 635 Presbyterians Cut Budget ……..•………. 63 – Work, Egyptians Directing ……………. 68 Program Building …………………•….. 938 Program Preparation, Ethics of, Mrs. Wil- Sunday-Schools in Austria ……………….. 624 lard H. Smith ……………………… 693 – – Coptic Church ………………………. 463 – Tested, William G. Towal't ……………. 697 – – in Iceland ….._……………………… 226 Radio, Conference Registration by ……….. 634 – Missionary Orders by ………………… 391 -'- – Seoul and N. Y. …………………….. 7Ii Reed, Orville, Death of ………………….. 966 Religion a Necessity, Not a Luxury …….. 758 Swedes Lutherans 400 years ……………… 624 – of Christ for All Races, Francis J. Mc- Swedish Lutheran Anniversary ……•……. 476 Connell …………………………….. 12 Switzerland, Lausanne Conference …•…..• 317 Religions and Peace, World ……..•..•…… 396 – Chinese Combine Five ……………….. 235 – Union Service in ……………•…….•.•.. 312 – Congress of World's ………………….• 61 Syr.ia., Beirut University, Government Stu- – of the World, Statistics …………..•..• 557 Religious Progress, World's ……………•.. 888 dents at …………………………….. 316 '"Review," Early Days of, R. P. Wilder …. 895 Rhodesia, Hartzell Training School •…..•.• 228 – New Church Members …………………. Tl6 Roman Catholics in Germany ……………. 625 – Students at Baalbek …………………… 711 – – Need to Be Evangelized, Why ………• 760 Syrian Girls, Education for ……………… 777 Rural Communities, Moral and ReligiOUS Temperance-Great Britain's Drink Bill. … 548 – Progroos in Korea ••…………………… 874 Conditions in ……..••………….•…. 485 – SOCiety, Mexican ………………………• 546 – Work in North Carolina ………… ; ….. 386 Testaments Mailed to Thinkers ………….. 647 Russia and the- Printed Page …………….. 325 Tests of Spiritual Life, Sadhu Sundar Singh 751 – Friends, Service of ……………………. 152 Tibet, "Gospel Inn" ………………………. 631 – Religious Situation ………………….67, 390 – Disciples' Mission …………………….. 144 Russian "Anti-God SOCiety" Anxious ……• 624 Tibetan Priests as Guests ………•.•…….. 872 – Atheist Admits Defeat …•…………..•••• 790 – St. Mark in ……………………………. 144 – Criminals. Young ……….•………..•…. 312 – Taxpayers, Tracts for …………………. 655 Russians by Mail, Y. M. C. A. Teaches …• 714 Tibetans More Responsive ……………….• 236 – in South America …………………….. 225 Tithe, Chinese Elder's .•..••……….•…..•• 304 St. Paul's Missionary Statesmanship, A. T. Tithers in the Punjab ……•…………..•..• 467 Treasure Chest, The …………………….. 94l Robertson ………………………..•..• 518 Turk Seeks the Secret ………..•………… 464 School-Bag Gospel League …………..•…. 875 Turkestan, Chinese, Hunter, G. W. .. •……. 1::3 Turkey, Bible Depot in Constantinople …… 231 Scotland, Church Reunion in ……..••….•• 150 – Census …………………………………. 650 – Christ Lifted UJ) in …………………… 776 Scottish Churches to Unite ..•……………• 713 – New Life. Signs of …………………….. l'54 – Old, Old Story in …………………….. 215 – Prisons, Evangelism in ……………..•.. 390 – – Turks in New ………………………. 231 – Religious Changes in ………………….. 710 Siam, Retreat for Workers ……… , …….. , 156 – Treaties and Missionaries, Charles T.

– Traveling With a Governor ……………. 628 Riggs ……………………………….. 343 – Women's Social Work in ……………… 392 Siamese as Missionaries ….•…..•…•…..•• 72 Turkish Translation of Koran ……………. 466 – Woman's Religion …………………….. 867 – Christian Colony, New ….•…..•••••.••…. 870 Uganda, Fifty Years in, R. Ethel Doggett.. 411 – New Station In ……………………….. 230 – Christian Temple ………………•…….•• 952 Union Church of Havana …………………. 224 – in the Philippines, Church ……………. 308 – Church, Independent ………………….. 468 United Sta.tes, (See America) – "China – King Advises Boy Scouts …. : ………•… 710 Around the Corner" ……………….• 149 – Episcopal Bishops' Crusade ……………. 148 – Nurses, Training ………………………. 653 – Federal Council Executives ……………. 147 – Interracial Problems, Women and …….• 147 Sicily, Waldensean Churches in, Frederic S. – Mexicans, Union Church for ………….. 310 Goodman ……………………………• 759' – SJ)anish-Speaking. Among ……………… 64 – Student Conference, National …………. 148 Silliman Institute Graduates …….•……… 874 – S. S. Missionary in Tennessee ………… 875 Slave Areas Today ………………….•…… 477 Unity In Venezuela, Church ……………… 388 Slavery Contract in Rajputana ………….. 869 – Indian Movement for ………………….. 551 Slaves Freed In BalUChistan …………….. 553 – Lutherans Consolidate Boards ………… 63 – in Nepal, Freed …….. " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• .. 233 Uruguay, Lottery, Women Fighting the …. 225 – – Portuguese Africa ………………….. 649 Venezuela, Church Unity In …………..•..• 388 Solomon Islands. News from …………… -. 784 Venezuelan Christians Zealous ……….•… 715 South America, All Saints' Day Celebrations 311 Venezuela's Problems ………….•..•..•….. 959 – Educational Advance in …..•………..•. 459 Waldensian Church, Growth of ………….. 66 – Indians "Wild" and "Tame" •………..• 788 – Churches in Sicily, Frederic S. Goodman 759 SJ)ain, Religious Restrictions ..•………..•. 476 West Indie's, Leprosy In …………………. 646 Spanish Christian Endeavor …………….•. 789 – – Progress and Problems, C. S. DetWeiler 139 – Speaking, Among ……………………•… 64 West Virginia School. Intimate Glimpses of – – People, Religious Work Among ….••.• 771 Spiritual Life, Test of, Sadhu Sundar Singh 751 a, Anna Belle Stewart ………….. 503, 591 Stat1stics-D~nomlnatlonal Gains and Losses, Why Christian Missions? P. Whitwell Wil- 1926 '" ….•…. '" …•…. , .• , '" ………. 450 son ………………………………….. 737 – Religions of, the World ………………… 557 – I Like My Missionary Job, Albert D. Stevenson and Missions, Robert Louis, J. W. Helser ………………………………. 113 Burton ……………………………… 761 – It Is Difficult to Lead Moslems to Christ, StewardshlJ) and Partnership, H. A. Ethe- E. M. Wherry ……………………521, 6!l3 ridge ………………………………… 291 Wife Beater, Conversion of, A. B. Patterson 374 – in Principle and Practice …………….. 290 Wilder, Royal G., and the "Review" …….. 896 – Principles of Christian ……………….. 769 Williams, John E ………………………… 330 – Sermons, F. A. Agar ………………….. 292 Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Student Campaign in London …………… 390 – Conference in Philippines. Moros at ….. 147 SOCiety Jubilee, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd .. 573 – – Milwaukee, Elizabeth Cole Fleming .. , 221 – Contribution to Missions, Ella D. Mac- – – Through Indian Eyes, Kamal ArIlck … 222 – Convention, Japanese …………………. 239 Laurin ………………………………… 688 – Volunteer Convention ………………….. 545 – Foreign Mission Bulletin, Edited by Ella Students and the Y. M. C. A…………….. 717 – in India Pray for Law Enforcement in D. MacLaurin …………………..Monthly – Home Mission Bulletin, Edited by Florence America …………………………….. 297 E. Quinlan ••….•…….•..•.•……. Monthl,- Page . Page Woman's Part in Home Missions, Mrs. W. World's Evangelical Alliance …………157, 637 C" Winsborough ………………………. 95 – S. S. Convention, Tenth ……………….. 717 – Place in Missions, Lucy W. Peabody •••• 906 Yale-in-China, Future of ………………… 380 – Progress in Japan …………………….. 706 Yenching, Good News From ……………. 469 Women and Interracial Problems ………… 147 – University's Elquipment ……………….. 381 – Church Work of Burmese ……………… 234 Y. M. C. A. and Church Cooperation …….. 239 – Freedom for Moslem, J. G. King ………. 288 Students …………………………… 717 – Buildings, New Negro …………………. 785 – in the Korean Church …………………. 307 – Chinese Tribute to ……………………. 381 – in Niue, White Ribbon, Margaret J. – Council Meeting ……………………….. 62 Beharell ……………………………. , 844 – Emphasis on 1927-9 ……………………. 396 – Presbyterian, First Biennial Meeting of .. 700 – Central Europe ……………………….. 67 – Industrial Conference …………………. 784 Word of God As a Missionary, Arthur T. – in Korea, Rural ………………………. 146 Pierson ……………………………… 448 – – the Philippines …………………….. 543 World's Religious Progress ……………….. 888 – Property in China …………………….. 468 World and the Gospel, J. H. Oldham …….. 838 – Teaches Russians by Mail …………….. 714 – Day of Prayer for Missions ………….. 616 Y. W. C. A. in China, Year's Gains in …… 73 Zambesl Industrial Mission ……………… 392 – Friendships for Boys …………………. 717 Zulu Christians, Tests for ……………….. 464 – League Against Alcholism …………….. 793 – Religions and Peace …………………… 396 NEW BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Mother India, Katherine Mayo ………….. 794 Adventure of the Church, Samuel J. Cavert 964 American Agricultural Villages, Various Musa, Son of Egypt, Mary Entwistle and Jeannette E. Perkins ….3d Cover, January Authors ……………………………… 397 American Villages, C. Luther Fry ………… 158 Nation Builders, J. Lovell Murray ………… 640 Awakening Womanhood, F. Hughes-Hallett.. 479 Negro in American Life, Willis J. King …. 64<1 Barrios, Justo Rufino, Paul Burgess …….. 400 Neve of Kashmir, Arthur, A. P. Shepherd .. 799 Borden of Yale '09, Mrs. Howard Taylor …. 318 New Approach in Missionary Education, Buddhism and Buddhists in Japan, Robert C. John Clark Archer …………………. 640 Armstrong …………………………… 72() New Challenge to Faith, Sherwood Eddy …. 400 Cassells, W. W., First Bishop of Western New Japanese Womanhood, Allen K. Faust.. 78 New Paths for Old Purposes, Margaret E. China, Marshall Broomhall ……….. , 159 Central American Indians and the Bible, W. Burton ………………………………… 961 Nigeria, J. Lowry Maxwell ……………. 961 F. Jordan …………………………… 480 1,000 City Churches, H. Paul Douglass …… 797 Certain Samaritans, Esther Pohl Lovejoy …. 795 One Thousand Subjects for Speakers and China Christian Year Book, 1926, Edited by Students, Hy Pickering ……3d Cover, May Frank Rawlinson ……………………. 318 Our Church Abroad, George Drach ………. 79 China Today Through Chinese Eyes, II, Our Missions in India-I834-1924, E. M. Seven Chinese Leaders ……………… 398 Wherry ……………………………… 78 China Year Book, 1926-27, Edited by H. G. Our Parish in India, Isabel Brown RoBe W. Woodhead ………………………. 158 ……………………………3d Cover, May China Yesterday and Today, E. T. Williams 398 Ownership, Clementina Butler ……………. 879 Chinese Altars to the Unknown God, John C. Penlune, S. E. Burrow …………………… 800 Pioneering for Christ in the Sudan, Johanna De K01'l!e …………………………… 719 Chinese Cliaracteristics, Arthur H. Smith ., Veenstra ……………………………. 480 Prayer, Arno Clemens Gaebelein ………… 319 ……………………………3d Cover, July Protestant Europe: Its Crisis and Outlook, Christ and Money, Hugh A. Martin …….. 720 Christ in the Four Gospels, John H. Cable.. 80 Adolf Keller and George Stewart …… ~96 Christian Movement in Japan, Korea and Putting on Immortality, Clarence E. Mac- Formosa, A. OItmans….3d Cover, August artney ………………………………. 399 Christianity and Divorce, Frank H. Norcross Query Queer, Jay T. Stocking ..3d Cover, August Quest for God in China, F. W. S. O'Neil … 209 …………………………… 3d Cover, June Raj, Brigand Chief, Amy Carmichael …….. 77 Christianity in the Modern World, Ernest Religion in the Making, Alfred North White- De W. Burton ………………………. 399 head ………………………………… 159 Church and MiSSions, Robert E. Speer …… 398 Constantinople-The Challenge of the Cen- Revolt of Asia, Upton Close ……………… 639 Romance of Japan Through the Ages, James turies, Victor Murdock ……………… 78 Cost of a New World, Kenneth Maclennan .. 160 A. B. Scherer ……………………….. 77 Echoes and Memories, Bramwell Booth ….. 719 Shepher of Udaipur and the Land He Loved, . Ecuador-A Story of Missionary Achieve- George Carstairs ……………………. 797 ment, W. F. Jordan ………………… 80 Faith, Fancies and Fetich, Stephen S. Far- Sona Mona Singh, Lucia A. Parkhurst …… 879 Story of Missions, Edwin E. White ……. . row …………………………………. 559 Fifty Golden Years, Bertha G. Judd …….. 961 ………………………..3d Cover, August Frank, Bishop of Zanzibar. H. Maynard Straight Way Toward Tomorrow, Mary Smith ……………………………….. 479 Schauffier Platt ……………………… 559 Friends of the Caravan Trails, Elizabeth Ten Weeks With Chinese Bandits, Harvey J.

Harris ………………..3d Cover, January Howard ……………………………… 79 From Every Tribe and Nation, Belle M. The Call from Our Own People Overseas, Brain ……………………………….. 478 Fifth Report, Church Assembly Mis- From J ar>an to Jerusalem, Christine 1. Tin- sionary Council …………………….. 878 ling …………………………………. 399 The Christian Mission in Africa, Edwin W. Smith ……………………………….. 798 Hand Book of the Churches, Edited by B. S. Winchester ………………………….. 800 The Leaven of the Sadducees, Ernest Gordon 799 The Search After Reality, Sadhu Sundar History of Southern Methodist MiSSions, James Cannon. III …………………. 399 Singh ………………..: …………….. 799 The Truth About Mormonism, J. H: Snowden 800 In Unknown New GUinea, W. J. V. Saville .. 319 The Way of the Doctor, R. Fletcher Moore- India In 1925-26, J. Coatman ……………… 560 In Sunny Nigeria, A. D. Helser ………….. 560 head ………………………………… 879 Introduction to Literary Chinese, J. Brandt.. 79'5 Through Teakwood Windows, Ethel Cody Life of Buddha as Legen.d and Hi2tory, Higginbottom ……………………….. 80 Edward J. Thomas …………………… 962 Uganda Contrasts, P. L. Garlick …………. 480 Magic Formula, The, L. J. Jacks ……….. 964 Uganda in Transformation, H. Gresford Missionary Marionette Plays, Martha Rice .. 963 Missionary Methods for Church and Home, . Jones, …………………3d C"ver, August Katherine Scherer Cronk ….•…•.••…• 878 United Churches, EUzabeth R. Hooker…… 478 What Christ Means to Me, W. T. Grenfell …. 964

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1927

D:A.N CI!l.A.WFORD HOLDING A BAPTISMAL SERVICE AT TilE LUANl'lA RIVER, OE,NTRAL

9% Bible Annuity Bonds YIELD AS HIGH AS Enjoy the financial advantage and spiritual satisfaction Income for Life Accordm' g t A ge of owning Bible Annuity Bonds. They are iss ued on t wo lives, as husband a nd wife, etc., in d enominations of $100 0 nnd up. Fi xed income paid thro ugh ou t li feti me. Then Princ ipal goes to the Soc'iety's work of lipreading th e Word. Since 1809 the Society has distributed fru. millions of Bibles to im- migrants. seamen, prison erll. the lick and the blind.

Call or write for free pamphlets describing the work of the Society.

NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY, Dept. 34 5 East 48th Street New York City ;'

GRADUATES FROM THE FULL FOUR-YEAR COURSE OF TOKYO WOMAN'S CHRJSTIAN COLLEGE A Northfield in Asia AN INCOME To You ,~ A Committee of FOR LIFE American Missionaries from your gift to Foreign Missions desires correspondence with some By the Annuity Plan Christian man or woman with suffi- cient consecrated wealth to lay the The Board of Foreign Missions foundations of an educational and will pay you evangelical 4~% to 9% per year Northfield in Asia on gifts of $100 or more. Such a center of power is absolutely F or detailed information write to required to maintain and deepen the ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary spirituailife of missionaries and A siatic Department of Annuities Christians. The Committee seeks a The Board of Foreign Missions minimum of three hundred thousand dollars, and prays that God may di- of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

rect some Christian steward to respond 156 Fifth Avenue to this appeal. New York Address: American Missionaries c/o Missionary Review of the World Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TI:i.E WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review a f the Warld DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Edllor CONTENTS FOR JULY, 1927 FRONTISPIEOE-DAN CRAW1'ORD BAPTIZING CONVERTS IN CENTRAL AFRICA Pag~ EDITORIALS ….•……•.••……………………………………….. 485 MORAL ANI> RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN RURAL AMERICA THE GREATEST HOME MISSION FrELD OULTIVATING '&"'1 UNDERSTANDING DAN CRAWFORD AND HIS WORK ………………….. GEORGE E. TILSLEY 491 An 'Unusual pilct'UTe of an 'UW/I,81UlI -missionary who did remadcaNe pioneer work in Central Africa.

INTIMATE GLIMPSES OF A WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL.ANNA BELLE STNWART 503 A series of stories of a successful worlo among MOU'ntaineers of the 80uth a§ quoted from personai ietters covermg a period of eighteen months.

CAN WE :QISPENSE WITH FOREIGN MISSIONS' ……….. STANLEY HIGH 507 One of the wide-awake members of the Youth Movement in Americo gives Ms judgment gathered from a first·hand view of foreign missionary work in Asia.

TREKKu:NG FROM OANADA TO PARAGUAy . . . . . . . . . WEBSTER E. BROWNING 511 A story of the migratwn of Mennonites from the undeveloped territories of North Americo to the OpB'n spaees of the interWr of South America.

THE BIBLE THROUGH OHINESE EyES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. H. OLDFIELD 514 HOElPITAL EVANGELISM IN KOREA ………………… . A. G. FLETCHER 515 A most interesting account of how Christian churches spread over a large dis- trict through the work of a Presbyterian hospital w£th high spiritual aims and a practical program.

ST. PAUL'S MISSIONARY STATESMANSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. T. RoBERTSON 518 A review of some of the Apostle's missionary methods that might, with ad- vantage, be adopted in the present day.

WHY IT IS DIFFICULT TO LEAD MOSLEMS TO CHRIST …. E. M. WHERRY 512 A review of Dr. Zwe1Mr's recent book •• The Law of Apostasy in Islam," showmg ·some of the difficulties against whiah Christian misswns must contend.

OHINA AND THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RoBERT E. SPEER 525 A report of some of Dr. Speer's findings, as a result of his recent visit to China.

BEST METHODS ……………. – . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . • 533 GOOI> MISSIONARY SUMMER READliNG. A MISSIONARY HISTORY TEST FOR JULy-Belle M. Brain.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. EDITED BY ELLA D. MAcLAURIN 537 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY FLORENcrn: E. QUINLAN 540 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………… ;……………………….. 543 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy……………………………………… 559 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of 1I.ve.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copiea, 25 cent8. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert JIl. Speer. President Wm. I. ChamberlaIn, VIce-PresIdent Delavan L. Pierson. Secretary Walter McDougall, TreaBurer Publication 01llce, 3d & Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 .. year. EditorIal and BusIness Office. 156 Ii'Itth Avenue. New York City JIlntered … aacond-cl""" matter at the Post Office, HarrI.burlr, Pa.• under Act of March 8. 18711. PERSONALS DR. A. W. POLLOCK, formerly in charge of the United Presbyterian Mission Hos- BISHOP AZARIAH, of Dornakal, India, ad- pital in Luxor, Egypt, and afterwards in dressed the May meetings in London of charge of the medical work along the Nile. th~ Ch111'ch Missionary Society and the is now doing a very interesting and valu- British and Foreign Bible Society_ able piece of mission work at the American Mission Hospital, .Ad1is•Abeba, Abyssinia. *** REV. DAVID G. WYLIE, D.D., for twenty REV. EDWAl!.D D. KOHLSTED'l' has been years pastor of the Scotch Presbyterian elected corresponding secretary of the Board Church in New York City, and recently of Home Missions and Church Extension secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. of the Presbyterian Church, is to give all of his time to the work of the Lord's Day *** Alliance, of which he is president.

JOHN CLARK ARCHER, PH.D., has been promoted from associate professor to Pro- . . . fessor of Missions in Yale University.

DR. S. K. DATTA, General Secretary of OBITUARY the Y. M. O. A. in India, is to spend part of the summer in England and expects to REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK, D.D., founder and president of the World Christian En- . . arrive in the Uni"ted States in September. I:la. AND MRS. L. M. HENRY, medical deavor Society. died in Newton, Mass., on missionaries in Egypt of the United Pres· May 26th in his *sev.e. nty..-sixth year.

byterian Chnrch since 1891, have been placed DR. WHITEFIELD GUINNESS, for more than thirty years a member of the China Inland upon the list of honorably retired mission- Miasion, died of typhus fever in China on April lllth, in his fifty-ninth year. aries. ••• * • to MISS ISABELLA THOBURN, a grand-niece of the famous missionary whose name she SIR ERNEST HODDER-WILLIAMS, head of bears, is expected to join the faculty of the publishing house of Hodder and Stough- Isabella Thoburn' College, Lucknow, India, ton, died in London, April 8th, in his fifty- in the autumn. first year. .. .. * * * .. MRs. ALFR.EI) RIGGS, widow of the found- EDWARD H. HuME, M.D., recently Presi- dent of Yale-in-China, has been engaged er of the Congregational school for Sioux by the New York Post-Graduate Medical Indians at Santee, Nebraska, and mother School and Hospital to make an investiga- of the present principal of the school, died tion and – report on the activities of the at Santee on February 27th, in her eiglty- eighth year. -, school.

A REMARKABLE CHINESE MANIFESTO "Some people blame the Imperialists and Militarists for all the trouble, and they say that the only thing that can beat them down and make things better is revolution. _ "It is a pity to. say that we have seen too much of it; and it will only make things go fi-om bad to worse.

"We wish to make it clear that we are not a body of people in any way opposing revolution, but we want to have the right sort.

"Doctors always find' out the cause of the disease before giving a prescription. What is the cause of all the trouble and turmoil of our country? We can put it into one word: SELFISHNESS.

"We believe that the o.nly thing that can reach the cause and cure the disease is Christianity, because it is the religion of Christ: Sacrifice, true Freedom, and Equality. .

"The great Revolutionist Jesus Christ does His revolutionary work in the hearts of men: that is to change and convert their nature; and we believe that 'this is the o.nly way to save our country.

"Therefore we have organized this Hung Tao Hui with the object o.f preaching our LOl;d Jesus Christ, who died on the cross for the sal- vation 'of 'all mankind, as'our national Saviour."

SIGNED BY A CHINESE GENERAL AND THIRTEEN OTHER CHINESE Ob ject: "To. make known to our countrymen the true doctrine o.f God, and the gospel of Jesus Christ, so they might be saved." Sixty Africans were baptized here on January 9, 1927. on confession of their faith

JULY, 1927

L SEVEN MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN RURAL COM- MUNITIES BLEAK social conditions are pictured in some of the rural com- munities of upper New York State, in a; report of the Commis- sion appointed to investigate the cause and cure of crime. The report points out, among other things, the lack of proper amusement, an increasing tendency to hunt thrills on the part of young people with the aid of automobiles and hip-pocket flasks, the failure of churches to meet changing social needs and the lax law enforcement. Very little organized crime was found in these rural communities and no gang crimes, most of the infractions of law being minor offenses which frequently go unpunished.

One of the strongest indictments by the committee is against the inadequate, drab and unintelligent school administration in rural sections, although in some towns there are well-conducted and fairly efficient schools.

The lack of any cohesive community force is playing havoc with many rural communities, because young men are not interested in farming and both boys and girls seek to escape from their environment as quickly as possible. They drift from town to town in search of !lmusement at movies or daJl(~es, and parental control seems to be at a minimum.

The country dances in particular are causing uneasiness among the older people, even though conditions are not as bad as in some sections. Drunkenness in some cases has greatly decreased, but bootlegging and moonshining still go on. Even where no distinct questionable influences could be found by the social worker making the investigation there were disintegrating forces at work. The report says: "A community breakdown is observed, due largely to a drift toward amusements away from the village, but mainly because the 485

boys and the girls as they grow up move away from the home community. The rural sections are doomed if the younger people do not build up these communities. Within the next generation the rural areas are in danger of being utterly depopulated.

"One school official reported that laws were constantly being broken, particularly the compulsory education law, the prohibition law and the highway vehicle law. There is much license in matters of sex relations and there are many instances of discontent and dissatisfaction with home life among the mature members of the community. There are also many clandestine relationships between married men and young girls, and also to some extent between married women and men. Many of these cases are among the better classes of people in the county, especially in the last two years. "

The school problem in one county is typical. There are thirtyfive district schools, the average pay of the teachers being between $23 and $28 a week. There is much truancy, and the children are badly disciplined.

The movies, country dances, the grange, church activities and radio are the main forms of recreation. Many of the school houses are small, dirty and illy-equipped.

The rural church seems to be generally on the decline. In many cases churches are now closed and in others congregations are much smaller.

There is great need for social welfare work. Clinical facilities are lacking. Most of the criminal offenses are drunkenness, desertion of families, "swapping" husbands or wives and stealing chickens and farm produce. The intellectual interests of the townspeople are shown by the magazines bought. ·Most of them are of the "vivid" fiction type, the magazines of broader interest and culture being almost entirely overlooked. Love story magazines are very popular including, to a less degree, magazines purveying sex and nudity. The cheap paper-backed novel is favored by boys. The report says the law is not enforced because the poorest lawyer in town is usually made District Attorney. Professional crime does not seem to be a problem. Aside from such collusion as may exist among a few people in connection with the theft of farm produce there is no such thing as organized crime. The problem of crime in rural sections is not the suppression of major crimes, but the checking of tendencies toward delinquency.

The automobile has brought to rural districts certain fundamental social changes. It has made possible for the young much greater freedom from the old restraining influences. It has greatly complicated special problems connected with sex and liquor. The latter is a serious social problem with which the youth of high school age are not unfamiliar. 'l'his complicates the dance hall situation.

1927:J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Commenting on this report of the Crime Commission, Dr. Malcolm Dana, Director of the Town and Country Department of the Congregational Church Extension Boards, says: "While I am not as familiar with conditions in New York State as I am with those in other eastern states, I do not doubt that the picture is true of all too many places. I know it is true to conditions to be found in New England. It would not be hard to find places where moral conditions rival the city slums, where spiritual illiteracy equals book illiteracy of backward portions of the land, and where medical missions are as much needed as in foreign countries. Decadent conditions are perhaps worse than any other. These are probably not so prevalent in the newer portions of the country.

"The reason for such conditions is, I am "afraid, due to failure of the rural church to meet new and changed conditions. A change in the number and kind of rural populations is producing many an 'abandoned church.' Amidst all this change the churches have not gone out to near-by regions with vital religious and social fellowship. They have. said: 'Come to us.' The Church needs to undertake a real ministry to the countryside, and all the more because native stock is leaving the farms and new-Americans are coming on the land. Dr. Galpin charges Protestantism with having no program for either the new-American nor the tenant. It 'detours round them.'

"There is need for remedies. The Federated Church, the Yoked Field, and the Larger Parish have this idea in mind together with a needed ministry to body, mind and soul. Men and environments need saving in rural America fully as much as their souls. Religious competition, church rivalries, sectarian insistance, have been the devil's own instruments. Working for denominations or churches has resulted in a loss of a competent ministry and a failure to command one. Only a man-sized job is going to lure the best young men and women into the ministry. In these changed conditions the minister needs all the more to be a man of God just because he can be a community builder, a local statesman and a rural life engineer. He is not to do everything himself. Rather he· is to be a medium by which all sorts of agencies are brought to bear upon communities. He must be trained to know about them. The country is being flooded with city 'used ups' and 'left overs' and once harmless social occasions are being invaded by irresponsible joy-riders who leave a trail of moral wreckage behind. The Church must see to it that the things which draw folks to the cities are brought to the country, and that they are rightly sponsored and supervised.

"Weare living in a new age. Old methods of religious activity must change to meet it. The new generation is alive to the need and is willing to tackle it. Personally I do not believe that we have yet moved up to the measure of the all-round interest and ministry of Jesus Christ. Belief and worship have not invested all the activities

of life and have not yet found expression in a seven-day-a-week program."

Here are remedies! There is need for a new idea of the mission of the rural minister and his church. These should serve areas as well as centers and they should serve all peoples in those areas.

THE GREATEST HOME MISSION FIELD T HE Metropolitan Area of New York encloses more than one twelfth of the life of the United States, while every year its financial institutions, department stores, amusement centers and educational opportunities attract approximately thirty-five million strangers.

Of it, a writer in the National Geographic Magazine says: "Everything that relates to life in New York is of vast proportions. Four transits arrive every second, a passenger train comes into the city terminals every fifty-two seconds and a ship clears every fortytwo minutes. A child is born every six minutes, a wedding taKes place every thirteen minutes and a funeral is held every fourteen minutes. There is a real estate transfer every twenty-five! minutes, a new building is erected every fifty-one minutes, a fire occurs every thirty minutes and every day more than three hundred people come to the city to live." This, of course, refers only to Greater New York and is by no means adequate for the entire Metropolitan Area.

The rapid extension of transit facilities has served to unify the Metropolitan Area and to knit more closely together than ever before New York, Brooklyn, Queens, Westchester, Jersey City, Newark and Jersey suburbs. What affects one section affects all others, and the problems of one center are problems of all the rest. Across the five East River bridges, eight million people pass every day. Ferry boats swell the total by thousands more, and twelve passenger tunnels and multitudinous suburban railroads pour their millions intol Manhattan every day.

The problem is rendered much more complex and! difficult by the overwhelming predominance in the popUlation of the foreign-born and their children. In New York City 80 per cent of the population are foreign-born and their children. And in most of the other cities of the Area the proportion is the same. All races, creeds and colors are found here. The Irish in New York would make two cities the size of Baltimore and Albany-so would the Germans. The Russians would make a second St. Louis. The Hungarians would make another Milwaukee. The Italians would make another Los Angeles or San Francisco. One half of the Jews in the United States are in Greater New York. In Brooklyn Bibles are called for in forty different languages and dialects. More foreign language newspapers, magazines and books are published in New York City than in any other three cities of the country. They wield a tremendous and sometimes

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

sinister influence. New York is the acknowledged center of all forms of dangerous anti-American and anti-Christian propaganda.

Convinced that to attackj this gigantic task piece-meal was futile, and that a greater unity of purpose and plan was essential, those interested in the development of home mission work in the synods and presbyteries involved have for the past year been conferring together with an idea of unifying the program of the Presbyterian Church in the Metropolitan Area. The conferences between the various home mission agencies have proceeded to a point where the tentative organization hasl been effected of a Presbyterian Council for the Metropolitan Area. This Council, which is to be composed of official representatives of the presbyteries, synods and national agencies involved, is to serve as a clearing house of information as to the home mission work carried on within the Area, to act in an advisory capacity upon home mission work carried on by the various presbyteries, to develop home mission interests common to all seven presbyteries, and to serve the home mission interest in promoting matters which may be common to all presbyteries.

CULTIVATING AN UNDERSTANDING A recent letter from a C'Mnese in Ningpo, a teacher in one of the Mission Middle Schools, to Mr. James T. Ford, of Los Angeles.

YOU may read some thing about the war in China, as if Chinese are a warlike people. On the contrary, we are quite peaceful. It is only these ignorant militarists, fooled by the foul tricks of the foreign imperialism, that make national unification impossible, political questions unsettled, and people as a whole unrest. The Revolution in 1911 started by a few leaders of good character, only enthroned, so to speak, the militarists in the place of the Manchu monarch. That revolution is being re-revolutionized.

The Kuomintang, or the revolutionary party, started by late Dr. Sun Yat Sen, is generally approved by public opinion. The recent victories are not won by the Kuomintang troops, for they are much less in number comparing with the anti-revolutionary forces, but won by public opinion. Where the Northern soldiers are, the people are not. But wherever the Kuomintang troops go, they are welcomed. The respect the people, and are in cooperation with them. All thoughtful people say that this is the opening of a most significant and eventful epoch in the Chinese history. It is not a few leaders, or militarists, but Chinese people teachers, students, workers, farmers, men, and women, as an organic body, who struggles for liberty, equality, and fraternity!

The citv of Ningpo is filled with the spirit of revolution, the" Blue Sky and Bright Sun" flags are waving, the shop windows and even every inch of the wall on both sides of many streets are filled with

artistic placards and posters with revolutionary slogans. Walls that heretofore have been used for advertisements by business agencies now are painted with Dr. Sun's Will and the Kuomintang policy. Laborers, soldiers, shopkeepers, farmers, students, get together doing propaganda work. There are parades, mass meetings, and public speeches.

You might have heard of anti-Christian movement in China. They are anti-Christian only as they are anti-imperialist. If Christianity does not seek the protection of the foreign gun boats or the unequal treaties; and if foreign Christian workers preach more on Christian principles instead of about nations they represent, Christianity will be left free to exist in China.

It is true that the government requires all Christian schools, as private schools, to register. Some missionaries misunderstand the whole matter and say that the government interferes with their work. Read the regulations and you will know their mistakes.

Registration of Christian Schools: The most essential parts of the present regulations may be divided into five. 1. Religious courses must not be required and religious services must not be compUlsory. 2. The school board should have a majority of Chinese members and the chairman of the board should be a Chinese. 3. The president or principal of the school must be a Chinese. 4. The school board should control all school property. 5. Private schools should be under the guidance and supervision of the government educational administration.

The Chinese all stand for registration. Chinese control does not mean a separation from foreign missions. In fact they need them more than ever. It is hoped that the missionaries will stand by and the Chinese Christians will give their best cooperation in this trying period of Christian adventure, then Christianity is sure to grow.

The full text of the resolution introduced in the House of Representatives of U. S. A., shows that you Americans are our friends.

"Resolved by the House of Representatives that the President of the United States be and he hereby is respectfully requested forthwith to enter into negotiations with the duly accredited agents of the Government of China, authorized to speak for the entire people of China, with a view to the negotiation and the drafting of a treaty or treaties between the United States of America and the Republic of China which shall take the place of the treaties now in force between the two countries, which provide for the exercise in China of American extraterritorial or jurisdictional rights or limit her full autonomy with reference to the levying of customs dues or other taxes or nonreciprocal in character, to the end that, henceforth, the treaty relations between the two countries shall be upon a wholly equal and reciprocal basis, and will be such as will in no way offend the soverign dignity of either the parties or place obstacles in the way of realizations by either of them of their several national aspirations or the maintenance by them of their several legitimate domestic policies."

The vote in the House of Representatives, 259-44, is a good proof of American friendly attitude toward China.

Respectfully yours, HAN-DAR LING.

CRAWFORD AT HOME! IN CElNTRAL AFRICA WITH HIS NEPHEW

AND MRS. TILSLEY AND DAVID Dan Crawford and His Work BY DR. G. E. TILSLEY, F.R.G.S. (The late Dan Crawford's nephew, now in charge of the Luanza Mission work.) T HE life and accomplishments of Dan Crawford in Central Africa exemplify the saying that the life of a missionary is not a splendid succession of great things, but a toilsome succession of innumerable little things. The missionary is a human being with the same kind of life to live as other human beings. Doing today's job one hundred per cent is his way to success as well as that of any other. As with other men, so, thank God, with the missionary it is gloriously possible that the small things of daily ,duty faithfully carried out may be found, when time and distance have given, perspective, to have massed up into mountains of splendor to be admired, to be extolled, and to be emulated.

Nevertheless, how we rebel sometimes at the everlasting recurrence of those little things! But the fact is one can build big things in one way only, and that is-out of little things. In faith (the kind that works, please) we must face that fact in the mission field of Central Africa. Yes; and meanwhile keep a scared eye on Adolphe i]fonod's warning. We have found out that he was ter- 491

ribly right when he said; /lBet:ve~nthe great things we cannot do, and the ,small things we will nat do, the danger is that we shall do nothing." .

Great things do get accomplished for Christ. In our times too- George Muller ……. D. L. Moody …… .A. T. Pierson ……. Dan Crawford. These are only a few who have accomplished great things for God. How was it that Dan Crawford accomplished great things for his God in the Long Grass Lands ~ How were they built up-those mountains of accompIishmenU How too will they be maintained and grow yet greater? They were built up by diligence in small things; and only in that way wiII they grow greater.

"SMALL THINGS" IN LUANZA; TEN YEARS AGO Let me show you things as they were in 1917. That was shortly after Dan Crawford returned from the only furlough he ever took A CROWD OF "SKIN WEARERS" WlTH TlliEIR CHIEF AND HIS HEADMIDN AT ' LUANZA These men came from an untouched district and begged tor an EVangelist ill an his 37 years of service in and for Africa. 'rhe ten years that have passed since then have been essentially years of expansion. Those who have lived the life of a pioneer leader or have read missionary biography, will realize what a wealth of attention to "small things" lies behind the bare catalogue of activiHes revealed in the following quotations. They are from a printed letter of Dan Crawford's dated the 21st of June, 1917.

A. LUANZA lTsELF.-First he quotes a statement by Mr. T. Higgins, who audited the books of some of the departments in Luanza itself; buildings, both school and mi1ssion; agriculture; carpentry and leather work; a training school for boarders. The statement indicates an expenditure for the year in these departments of over two thousand pounds (£2143).

Mr. Crawford then goes on to list the following activities, whose accounts were outside those audited by Mr. Higgins. He says: 1. The above mal,es no mention of (a) Teachers, (b) Evangelists.

1927J DAN eRAWFORD AND HIS WORK

2. The above does not touch Mrs. Crawford's medical work, where the call is most arbitrary of all.

3. All manner of Refuge lVork ilS excluded from above figurelS, including LepM's and Disabled who are heaped at our doors till death.

4. Also the great Sanitary Service that involves employment of workmen to cut down lind then (worse still) keep down rank growth. N. B.- All this touches the great …… means of fighting sleeping sickness and malaria, and is a much more momentous thing than is generally covered by the tame word "Sanitation."

5. Taxes. 6. Travelling expenses.

'rhus Mr. Crawford reviewed the mounting up of some of Luanza's 1917 "small things."

B. OU1·woRK.- lIe goes on, still in this printed letter: "Mark you, it is always and only of Luanza I am speaking; but now let us get abroad. Here the calls come in from all points of the compass; from noble missionaries who would rather die a la Paul than that their 'glory should be made void' by sending letters home. No, you will never get them to do that. But because it is not done, do not imagine that they feel not bitterly about the way their silence is construed as satisfaction with the amount of work they must leave un- done because of the needful supplies being lacking."

Some of the work which he here calls "abroad," and some of his fellow workers, he mentions by name. He speaks of: "The brave Lasts …. battling on in the AN AFRIC'AN AMBULANCE Old Capital," (i. e. of Mushidi's empire, broken up by the expedition of Captain Stairs for King Leo- pold in the earliest nineties) where, says he: "The few hundred pounds I have been able to allot him are inadequate, although he has made them go double their value. "

Again; "We have plans" (thank God they matured) "for Mr. Lammand's district. Also for Bible schools as far west as Kasai and Boma, and even Bie …… weary work this, which is no softfingered enterprise a la civilization, but the work of our hands and the sweat of our brow."

He mentions expending nearly £1,000 on work at outlying spots where he had personally laboured and says: "Please God they

will get more and more, though we have to deny ourselves in the straining of an effort."

He did deny himself! With him there was no stinting the work of God in order to ceil his house with cedar. He died, as he had always lived, in a mud house, constructed, like any native's, of simple indigenous materials-walls of wattle-and-d;:tub; roof of thatch; floor of beaten mud covered with grass mats; beds of native wood strung with hide thongs. And he did do "more and more" in those "abroad" parts that are not Luanza itself. For he felt that Luanza must always accept full responsibility for all the surrounding tribes and lands whose need had become known through his intrepid journeyings; responE?ible alike to those lands where workers have already gone in response to the call, and to those still without the Gospel.

"SMALL THINGS" IN LUANZA; TODAY "

After ten years it is valuable to look at some of those Luanza items. For instance teachers and evangelist$,. The number of these is now five or six times what it was ten years ago. Well on to the two hundred mark now. Please God He will raise up yet more and more of them and enable us to minister to their needs. Next week they will be pouring into Luanza for a week of special prayer together. Blessed fellowship of prayer I From north and south, from east and west they will be coming fot'. this best week in all their lonely year. Indeed, some of them are already on their way, for they labour in the Gospel so far from Luanza that it takes tll.em, some of them, quite a week to come i n . ' , :" Then health work. When I came in 1921 Mrs: Crawford gladly handed it over to me. It is a part of the work which must be developed a great deal further. To meet, in any adequate way, the obvious need requires ~ hospital. ….. a hospital is really imperative. If I were enabled I should like to establish a Dan Crawford Memorial Hospital iln Luanza. The hospital that is needed would not necessarily at first be very large, but it ought t<;> be equipped in an up-to-date manner. If the Lord gives the hospital, there will be scope for nursing staff, for an assistant medical officer, and for skilled bacteriological work. The unit which I long to bring into function needs more than anything else to be used as a training center for Africans in hygiene, in mothercraft, in midwifery, as well as in simple curative medicine and surgery. At present, run as an out-patient dispensary, temporary accommodation being found for visiting patients in huts, the annual attendance averages from forty to fifty thousand. Like Dr. Miller, of Nigeria, far away but still in tropical Africa, we too feel that "unalleviated suffering, dirt, and preventable deaths oppress with their awful weight. Here is the greatest opportunity ever given to men to step in as saviours

DAN eRAWFORD AND HIS WORK

in the footsteps ,of the great Healer-Preacher. We have the material to stamp out these diseases; we have the skill to deal with all this suffering. We must have men and equipment at once." This" we" means the Church of men and women, who like-minded with their Lord Jesus, would love all their neighbors as themselves. Clough was satirical when he interpreted the sixth commandment as teaching: Thou shalt not kill j but need'st not strive Officiously to keep alive.

This will never do.-To love thy neighbor as thyself involves the work of healing in all its aspects …… of body and of mind, of soul and of spirit. We want to do just that.

Then those lepers and cripples. The abjectly poor and needy, the cast-offs and the lonely aged. How I used to love to see Uncle.

KING PWETO'S HAREM COMPOUND, CENTRAL AFRICA He gave land to Dan Crawford, where there Is now a native church and thIrty-three native evangelIsts.

Dan surrounded by them under the spreading wild-fig tree that stands outside his house. There would be, perhaps, as many as a hundred around him at one time. And he would be standing there sturdily upright, !beaming on them, bringing even to such lips as theirs a smile, a laugh. He would bare his white head to the tropic sun and pray with them. Of them in 1917 he said "pensioners till death." And" till death" it certainly is, for in Christ's name to all such we must be, we are, pension office, and poor relief agents, and workhouse, and infirmary, and father and mother. Why! Because this is a land where Christ's Golden Rule has hitherto been unknown, and so death still is allowed to claim as his own all the weaklings and the inefficients.

The Boarding School was closed down when the staff left the Congo, and it has not been possible to reopen this type of work since.

RICH IN FAITH.-Of "good works" such as those mentioned above Dan Orawford was very zealous. They were not his principal service-I want ,to make that clear in a moment-but they could not be left undone. He had many needy neighbors, not indeed of his own race, or color, or creed; but he was fain to be neighbor unto all them that were fallen amongst thieves. Like George Muller he could not but do so. In this, too, Dan Crawford shared a like faith with George Muller, of the Ashley Down Orphanages, that he also believed that what God gave him to do, God would from week to week provide the means to support. N one of his work was endowed. He lived (and his work was supported) by strong faith in the un- limited riches of God, and in the power of prayer. He felt, too, that those riches and that power were available for all Africa, though he knew that not all had the same faith. So strong was his sense of the unity of God's work that when a certain missionary in Africa, being held up in some work for God, wrote to Dan Crawford asking for £100 and excused himself by writing, "You are rich," and when he saw that the same weekly mail that had brought the request had 'brought ,also contributions amounting to about the sum mentioned, he sent the whole week's income to his correspondent with this reply: "Rich? Yes I am rich-rich in faith for you all." And that was precisely whereIn his riches consisted. Ooncrete facts about empty coffers made no difference whatever to his riches,. They were real. After all, what estate is more real than the estate of the soulT BusH GOSPELLING.-In writing to me the Editor of this REVIEW said of Mr. Crawford: "He emphasized the spiritual side of the work to such an extent that it seemed difficult to get the concrete facts as to what had been accomplished." That remark expresses exactly the pattern of his life. That" all these things shall be added unto you" was his workaday faith. His vital concern was the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. The good works which he accomplished, of which some are itemized above, were simply the necessary and natural outcome of true spiritual energy. They were, one might say, incidental. His own view of his calling was that he was" A Bush Gospeller-just a simple Bush Gospeller."

In relation to other men, colored or white, he had not many but one activity. That one work was to win souls-to bush GospeL To "bush Gospel" was to bring to bear upon circumstances his own and those of his companions, the eternal values of truth-the existence and the good will of God; His righteousness; the fatality of sin; the assurance of atonement in Christ. Formalities, ceremonious gatherings, set proceedings, professional functioning-all these he found unnecessary, though when occasion offered he could and did take advantage of them. His constant aim, supreme and controlling, was to make known to all men Jesus as their Lord, and as

1927J DAN eRAWFORD AND HIS WORK

their divine Saviour, and to persuade them to become His disciples. He was always on the job. In talk with him, the topic, however ordinary, had to be viewed in its relation to eternal verities. ·Without being in the least dull, he talked with all on high levels; to do so was the natural expression of his own everyday habit of thought. But it was also a definite policy.

It happened once (in the" Fa.rthest In-but Shut In" life which he described in "'fhinking Black" it did not happen) that he was in company with a number of Christian Europeans. Ordinarily when he was in congenial company, black or white, he was in overflowing spirits. When! the company was white, he would fire off, all with the most intense vitality, and at a furious rate, barrage after barrage of most wonderful talk. Without pause or seeming effort, he would A BROAD, OLEAN, SHADED STREET IN LUANZA, LEADING TO THE CHURCH quote aptly and alike from Browning and" Alice in Wonderland," from W. J. Locke and Homer, from Spurgeon and Paul. His conversation would make such napoleonic advances across the Alps of world politics, scripture exegesis, Bantu philology, personalities of early Congo history, and a thousand and one other matters, that his hearers were often left floundering far in the rear, exhilarated, but exhausted. On the evening of which I now make mention he was silent-so much so that one of the company said to him: "You seem sad, Mr. Crawford." " Yes," he replied, blue eyes clouded and brooding and looking off into the distance; "Yes. I am troubled …. It 's a promise. That's what it is …. a promise." They waited. " A promise I made long ago to God …. I vowed to deal individually about salvation with at least one soul every day. And today there 2

hasn't seemed to be a chanc~." (It had been a day of long conferring.) "Yes. If troubles me."

His personal ministry was often very searching; and he was no respecter of persons. He had the piercing eye of the seer; and he was not afraid of uncovering sin. An African missionary, whom I met while traveling, told me of his "one real meeting with Dan Crawford": "It was in a forest path. I was returning to my.station and he had recently passed through it. He had an amazingly intimate knowledge of the state of affairs there. He said: 'Come and sit here. Let us talk.' And he talked. First of all, my work. Then much that concerned the tribal life of those amongst whom I worked. It was all new to me-I had not been out long. Then he spoke of me, myself; not much. Then he paused, and looking at me he recited: " 'There is a man that often stands Between me and Thy glory. His name is self.-My carnal self Stands 'twixt me and Thy glory.

o mortify him! Mortify him!

Put him down, my Saviour; Exalt Thyself alone; lift high The banner of the Cross, And in its folds Conceal the standard bearer.' "

"His eyes saw clearly the deadly pride against which I had to wage my daily, eternal war. Then he said: 'Victory is with the saints. ' And we parted. "

How· many, many folk have told me similar stories! How that they met him but once; how that something he said then, had stuck by them ever since, assessing for them moral values, and encouraging them in the paths of God. The fact was that he was ever alertly on his job of seeking the salvation of souls and their establishment in righteousness. He was eVler "Bush gospelling."

THE PERSONAL TOUCH This matter of close personal touch was the very breath of life to him. It was already a habit when, a lad of nineteen, he first landed at Benguela on Thursday, the 9th of May, 1889.. And he put it into practice from the beginning with the people of his adoption, praying as his feet first touched the soil of Central Africa, "that my every step thereon should be trodden in the path of simplicity and rectitude."

He had come out with a party led by Mr. Arnot, of whom he wrote: " ….My dear old leader. He won me for Africa when China was calling. He told me of those far-off lands beyond the Lualaba. He spoke of tribes unreached by him, but waiting for me. He told how Livingstone even in death dreamed of this Katanga."

DAN CRAWFORD AND HIS WORK

When the party landed it was found that the transport arrange- ments were not as forward as they had hoped. They had to face the prospect of indefinite waiting on the littoral. Dan Orawford-re- member he was then a youth of nineteen-wrung permission out of his leader to do the unprecedented thing, to leave the party of whites and to go and live alone amongst the natives of the country, away from both the English of his fellow missionaries, and the polyglot lingua franca of the slave-marketing coast.

His journal of 1890 contains this entry concerning that time: I am now sitting in a little native mud house, near the door of it of course, for there is no window; perhaps you could not picture or plan a more humble yet withal comfortable little abode than this of mine. Of course, I don't say there is not plenty to evoke European growls occasionally; such as the little fire lit of an evening, the smoke of which has just to make its exit the best possible way owing to the absence of anything in the form of a chimney. The solitary stool standing just one foot from the ground and made from a piece of raw hide stretched oyer a little four-legged wooden frame work barely one foot square; add to this a narrow little shelf-like native bed, a grass mat lying on the floor upon which is laid all that these kindhearted hosts of mine can ingeniously scrape together by way of food; and you have the exact inventory of contents of mine, and the average, African native hut. Now, let me tell you how gloriously contented I am therewith. Never since the time when "I first saw the light, and the burden of my heart rolled away" could I sing to my Lord a happier song of praise than now.

He added: "I don't write this at all in a tempting sort of way …. yet .. , .If there was more abiding in Christ, there would be less abiding at home."

He was convinced even in those early days that good command of his hearers' language was essential to his "Bush gospelling." He never repented of this belief. To speak the language from the native standpoint; to know the native life and lore in an intimate wayhe regarded this as essential in a missionary: and he strove to prevent newcomers to the field from settling down into that out-of-contact life to which "mission station" (sic) immobility tends. He himself had great natural facility in language. And he took full and energetic advantage of it. After a month or so he wrote: "I am only a language-lisper these days. And this blundering business of preaching in broken sentences" (after less than two months contact, alone, unaided, learning an absolutely foreign tongue he was already preaching 1) "brings down many a snub on me-the officious giver of unsought advice. Around the faggot fire is the best time to do it, when God hangs up the Southern Cross in the sky-His symbol of sacrifice."

That was in the first months of his life in the Long Grass. Years after, when that life, all unknown'to any of us, was nearing its end, he often said to me: "Around the camp fire, dear Old Boy, has been my happiest time for publishing the Gospel."

The power of communicating which by these heroic means he attained so rapidly soon paid him ample diviiends. Delays multiplied:

some of the party died; some returned home to England; Arnot found himself unable to go into the interior; it seemed inevitable that the party should, as it were, dig itself in near the coast. Such an idea was entirely unwelcome to Dan Crawford, and his manner of spending his time had given him both language and friends amongst the natives. He was thereby enabled to get together sufficient porters to carry enough material for himself, Lane and Thomson to join themselves to a caravan starting for the interior. His own personal baggage consisted of only one load of about sixty pounds weight.

Combine with this fact the other, that it was not till twenty-two years had passed that he re- emerged from the Long Grass, and you get something of the measure of the man.

THE CASH VALUE 'OF PROVERBS AN EVANGELIgruk~HTHE AFRICAN 0ne of the bugbears of Afri- can travelling is that eternal" one He covers a parish eight days long by more river to cross. " The last one five days broad. A true church builder. never is reached. If there is no ferry dug-aut-why, that's bad. And if there is-why that's bad too. You may be dead sure that Mr. Ferryman is going to strip you as naked as he call. You are fair game to him, and he means to make the most of his monopoly. Your necessity is his opportunity. Prepayment is the first requisite.

Haggle, haggle, haggle-at last you are embarked in the coggly canoe, a considerably poorer man than when you left camp in the morning. In midstream the paddle ceases its flashing. Charon is making further and even more extortionate demands. He threatens refusal to cross you at all; and you know, most uncomfortably know, that he holds all tlJe trumps. The crocs that infest the river are all in his pocket, so to speak, but they certainly are no friends of yours! An upset is nothing to him, but to you-!! So you promise frantically. But he is a thorough-going sceptic, and quotes a proverb at you: In midstream to 'pay up he '11 agree; Once across-I don't think! He'll just flee.

And he insists on cashing in on the promises there and then.

But Dan Crawford, horing into the interiol' for the first time,at one river crossing found away to checkmate the capsize gambit. Mr.

1927'] DAN CRAWFORD AND HIS WORK

Ferryman with a valuable load on board came inshore under the bank from which Dan Crawford, as the caravan leader, was supervising the transit, and demanded more, much more pay than had been first agreed upon. On meeting a refusal he pointed out the ease with which a capsize could be arranged. In one jump Dan Crawford was in the canOe behind him. Luckily the canoe was not swamped. It was very small and very coggly, the caravan was large, the crossings back and forth were very many, the unshaded sun was intolerably hot-but that chagrined ferryman paddled the livelong day with Mr. Crawford's arms clamped around his waist, and with Mr. Crawford's earnest assurance in his ears that whether in the boat or in the water those arms would continue to cling. The caravan crossed without losing a single load.

At another crossing a boatman did tip out a load into the waterno doubt at a conveniently shallow spot where he could fish it up later on. A violent dispute at once commenced between the carriers and the men of the village to whose chief the crossing belonged. Things began to look ugly, one side demanding payment, and the other disclaiming responsibility. The old chief, sitting on a knoll overlooking the scene, was as loud as any of his followers in rebuttal. But Dan Crawford had not lived in a native village for nothing. He quietly said to the old man, quoting a proverb: Though, in crossing, the crocodile, he gets your stuff, 'Tis the ferryman pays: and must pay you enough.

The old man could hardly believe his ears at first. A white man quoting a proverb! Impossible! When he was able to take in that the portent had indeed occurred, he chuckled away for the rest of the day. And the palaver was settled on the spot. With princely liberality he paid over more than the value of the lost goods, giving good measure as a price of his enjoyment. Uncle Dan in telling this story used to say that it was then that he learned the cash value of proverbs.

A BIBLE LOVER: AND TRANSLATOR There is a tendency in these days to relegate the Scriptures to a place of secondary importance. In Luanza we dare not do that.· Our attitude is that of Bengel, who said: Apply thyself wholly tD the Bible: Apply the Bible wholly to thyself.

Dan Crawford did just that. He was always digging away at The Word. He fed on it. Lived by it. Saw no other possibility for any servant of Jesus Christ. He loved it; and he loved to speak of it. That he accepted the Scriptures as authoritative in the realm of conduct, the following may serve to show. He was a man who was unable to view with equanimity such everyday affairs as injustice, oppression, suffering, curable pain; they aroused "his ungovernable

passions," as The Spectator says they do those of Lord Knutsford. When he was aroused, there was no mistaking his point of view. But this word had come to him with the force of a personal command: "Let not the sun go down upon thy wrath." Because of that word, many and many an African, whose God-hatable conduct had caused some passionate outburst, toward sundown has found Konga Vantu* in his hut assuring him that anger was ended. Exhortation, instruc~ tion, prayer-these following would convince the sinuer that love was seeking to serve him.

His faith in the efficacy of the Bible, his love for his Bantu peoples, his unrivalled penetration into how the African thinks, his wonderful command of purest idiom-all these met together in his translation work. Of these labors-extended untiringly over thirty years-a great monument remains. He had completed the translation of the whoTe Bible into Luba-Sanga. In January 1926 he wrote: "The end of 1925 saw a great thing. We finished the last line of the Old Testament translation on the 31st of December 1925, and then had a solemn Dedication-oi-Manuscript service. This ends a thirty years service for God. .

All the time I labored at the work of Old Testament translation Qne thought seized, and, I trust, sanctified many a turn of the pen. This, thrillingly this, that the Old Testament was Christ's Bible, all the Bible He had."

Praise God we have now heard from the National Bible Society of Scotland that they are ready to publish the whole Bible for us. The expenses are being met by a special fund already raised in Great Britain, where they have been saying: "We want to raise a lasting memorial to Dan Crawford; and we believe one fine memorial would be to publish his Bible, and place it in the hands of his beloved Lubans." '['hey are tremendously right.

For seven long years after he founded Luanza Dan Crawford blazed the pioneer gospel trail with never a convert. Then came Simishi, first of many brethren.

Now at dawn every day it is in scores and hundreds that they pour down the great avenues that center in upon the big open-centered church that is unique in Central Africa. Then there was no outwork. Now not only have many devoted white missionaries gone forth from Luanza to found churches amongst tribes then untouched, but there have been raised up of God African missionaries also to pioneer difficult areas, yes, yes, and to build up wholly African congregations too. In the long run "Bush Gospelling" tells, and tells tremendously.

Little things certainly do mount up. Nevertheless, away there beyond our farthest-flung outposts, it is still true to this very day that, in some directions, there still live tribes who have not so much as one single witness for Christ. They are a challenge to us. And we plan to meet it "by the will of God."

• Konga Vantu was Mr. CraWford's nativE1 name. It means HGatherer of the PeoJ)le!'

G.OING TO TEACH SUNDAY SCHOOL AT

Our students have a. special teachers' training class every Saturday. adavted to their needs and those of their primary p upUs. They also study the lesson every day and are tn a Bible class Sunday A. M.

Intimate Glimpses of a West Virginia School Extracts from a Series of News L etters Sent Out During the Last Eighteen Months from the ,Pattie o. Stockdale Memorial School, Oolcord, 'West Virginia, Supported by the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Ohurch, U. S. A.

BY ANNA BELLE STEWART, DIRECTOR O UR school is located in a lovely and yet a lonely spot in a West Virginia canyon, midway between the two little hamlets of Lawson and Colcord. Only one human habitation can be seen in any direction, but the high mountains towering above us, rising from our very door, remind us of the" mountains round about J erusalem, " and speak of the promised presence and care of our Heavenly Father.

I wish you could be with us tonight as our family of girls is gathered about study tables, earnestly working over tomorrow's lessons. They are dear girls, perhaps less interesting than the more primitive Kentucky mountianeers, for better roads have brought them nearer to the outside world, and the mineral wealth has attracted "fotched-on people" (outsiders) into our very midst. But these children of the mountains are equally lovable and bright, and much less homesick than any group of girls I have ever before s,een.

503

Our educational work is one of cooperation with the public school. There is an accredited junior high school here, where two fine Ohristian men preside, one in each of the two little portable buildings. Thither we take our family every morning for all the regular subjects, while our Pattie O. Stockdale faculty contribute chorus singing, drawing, current events, vocational guidance and Bible. This is the only secondary school in this section, so the students come in from six near-by villages or hamlets and yet the enrollment is less than that of a single room in some of our city schools. For the first three weeks only about two thirds of the pupils came to Bible class, but last week the remaining third asked admission. The others had announced that they liked Bible better than any other study.

The Sunday-school and Ohristian Endeavor Society are small for the people in the valley have not yet felt the need of the message we so long to give, but we know that the Lord can and will use us in His service.

Our hearts were made glad this Wleek by a visit from dear Aunt Moll, the saint and intercessor of this valley, too badly crippled with rheumatism to get out often but such a blessing to us all! She walked about in the dormitory, then into the church, exclaiming, "Oh, isn't it beautifuH It's the Lord's House, and just think, it's ours!" For eight long years this dear child of God prayed for the Gospel to be brought to this absolutely unchurched valley, lying in: spiritual darkness. She wonders why we waited so long.

**** Great changes are noticeable in our work. The outlook is no longer discouraging, and doors for service are opening on every side.

The tiny Sunday-school has doubled in numbers with as many in the primary department as in the whole Sunday-school three months ago and thirteen new members have been received into the little Ohurch, among them every girl in the school who was not already a professing Christian. The doors of homes are opened and our workers have made many visits among the sick and shut-in and spent night after night nursing in homes where there was serious illness.

During November and December calls came from other fields to assist in evangelistic services-to conduct daily Bible classes and prayer circles, assist with music, and do personal work. Our students from Pattie O. Stockdale School, (young Christians in training for Christian leadership), came as a gospel team and sang with intense feeling two hymns of invitation; after having prayed and talked with the boys and girls in their meeting, telling of their joy in the Christian life, and urging them to personal decisions for Ohrist. They exerted such an influence, and met such immediate results as amazed some older Christians.

INTIMATE GLIMPSES OF A WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL

February and March have melted away, filled with at least fiftyseven varieties of service. Nevertheless there is much left to do to make our plant aud grounds presentable and to uplift the community. During the last month our post office and railway station and an express car on the track here have been robbed, an attempt made on our very grounds to derail the night passenger train, concealed weapons have come to church,and worse offenses have been revealed in our midst; but there has no evil befallen us, neither has any plague come nigh our dwelling. When our church vestibule was ransacked the only things left were the hat and lantern of our man-of-all-work. We go alone any place at any hour in safety. We sleep with our beds across open downstairs windows and know no fear, but a pang comes THE PATTIE C. STOCKDALE DORMITORY AND CHAPEL AT COLCORD to our hearts as we think of the lawlessness and we long to help these young men.

We can see almost daily improvement in the girla in our home, socially, mentally, and spiritually. Two of our girls especially have been a blessing and have done real service in the home and community. ·When two younger girls were thoughtless and needed a guiding hand these two older ones offered to adopt them; each to devote herself to one wherever she went and to make her a subject of special prayer. I was touched by a request of one of them to get up at 4: 50 A. M. instead of 5: 00 in order to have a little more time to pray for her charge. Both of these' 'big sisters" have done outstanding work as teachers in our Sunday-schools. One has heldjn perfect order a primary class of twenty in the little school house at Fulton without even a separate room. A glance in their direction often

reveals them with bowed heads grouped closely about their young .teacher as she prays with them and for them. Her very unusual ability as a disciplinarian and her own deep spiritual experience have led us to give her a class in our home Sunday-school composed of boys believed by their several defeated ex-teachers to be incorrigible, but who dearly love her and for whom she prays with power as we kneel together to seek the Lord's guidance for her and them.

The Day of Prayer for Missions is a very real and vital thing to us on the field. At six o'clock in the morning you would have seen faculty and students together on their knees in intercessory prayer for the coming of the Kingdom. The noon hour found us six miles away with other workers and praying Ohristians. We will not soon forget dear old Aunt Moll's fervent thanksgiving that missionaries had been sent to this valley, nor her believing prayer for the work in every other field.

We have been holding daily faculty prayer-meetings to pray not only for our own work and needs but especially for the work and needs of the Board. The prayers of the girls were followed by a special gift which they brought to the office one night as a surprise. Our littl-e school and Sunday-school thus finished a gift of $200.00 to missions in six months.

(To be concluded in August.) A GROUP OF P. C. STOCKDALE STUDENTS READY FOR SCHOOL These girls are in training for Cbristian leadership

We Dispense with Foreign Missions?

BY STANLEY HWH, NEW YORK Author of "Looking Ahead in Latin America"

W H.EN Mr. David Lloyd George, Great Britain's war-time Pre- mier, was in the United States the newspaper on which I was working assigned me to cover his journey. For a month, with five other newspapermen, I traveled with the" little Welshman" across the United States and Canada. Every morning we interviewed "L. G." and, in the course of the month, covered a multitude of sUbjects.

In one of the interviews, when there was something of a lull in the conversation, I turned to Mr. Lloyd George and said: "The American and British people invest a rather vast sum of money every year in the foreign missionary program of the Christian Church. I would like to know what you think of foreign missions. "

He seemed rather surprised. He took off his glasses, and looked out of the window, looked back at me, and put them on again.

"Just this," he said. "If Christian missions fail, the rest of us had better close up shop. The missionary program represents the most successful enterprise for the reclamation of mankind that the modern world has ever seen. We cannot dispense with that program. And it is so much a reflection of Christian and of Anglo- Saxon idealism that I do not believe we ever will dispense with it."

Lloyd George spoke, of course, not as a religious sentimentalist nor as a budget-raising missionary secretary, but rather as a practical statesman. He made it plain that in the job of world reconstruction probably the biggest task that needs to be done is the transformation of the "heart outlook" of mankind. The world may go on until the end of time evolving economic panaceas and constructing international mechanisms, but unless the will and the purpose of men are changed these plans and machines are almost certain to wreck themselves or to rust in disuse. From a practical, political point of view foreign missions is a vital agency in the modern world because the purpose of the missionary program is the world-wide transformation of the hearts and purposes of men.

It should be pointed out that the Christian missionary enterprise -despite the frequent criticisms levelled against it-is an inevitable outgrowth of Christianity itself. Since Jesus sent out the Seventythe first missionary pioneers-the missionary program has remained a test of the virility of the Christian Church. It is no mere incident, moreover, that the English-speaking world has been and is today, the chief mainstay of the Christian world program. In Anglo-Saxon 507

Protestantism a race and a faith have met and a program of world advance was inevitable from that union. It was more than a century ago that the first American foreign missionaries began their work, with few precedents and with fewer resources. Last year the foreign mission boards of the United States and Canada. gave over $40,000,- 000 for the work abroad. It is a tribute to the wisdom of that investment that practical politicians, like Mr. Lloyd George, recognize that the missionaries are laying the fundamental basis for a world understanding. Business men also find, with the advance of missions, the growth of a demand for those inventions of the modern world that have contributed, materially, to the comfort and happiness of the Occident.

It is probably true that, as a rule, foreign mission administration is conducted with a greater degree of effectiveness and efficiency than any other phase of the work of the Christian Church. But the war brought upon Foreign Missions in certain denominations a period of rather wild inflation. The" drive" complex laid hold of some administrators. Campaigns were undertaken and the work abroad was' expanded with too great rapidity under the influence of Illass enthusiasm. When the fever of the immediate campaign passed, retrenchments-rapid and drastic-were demanded. Many "projects" were abandoned and some missionaries were called home from the field. In one of the largest Protestant missionary boards in the United States a cut of more than 40 per cent in the appropriations to the field was made over a period of less than two years. It is hoped that this period of retrenchment is at an end. Statistics for missionary giving through some of the larger boards reveal an upward turn during the last year. Thc very fact that such serious reductions could be made without affecting' the fundamental stability of the work, has helped to strengthen confidence in the enterprise.

Despite these temporary reverses it is still true that the missionary program represents one of the best-organized activities of the Christian Church. This is apparent, for one thing, in the degree to which cooperation has supplanted competition and overlapping on the foreign fields. While many local communities in the United States struggle to support four or five more churches than can be effectively maintained, such a situation would simply not be tolerated abroad. To avoid such confusion and overlapping most of the major mission fields-India, Africa, China, Japan and Korea-have been surveyed and certain sections of territory assigned to different denominations. Thus, traveling across West China from Chun~king to Chengtu, I journeyed first through Baptist, then Methodist and finally Canadian Methodist territory and in Chengtu found the West China Union University supported, jointly, by all of these Boards. This cooperation has gone forward so effectively that it has been made operative in certain larger cities like Peking, where, by com-

CAN WE DISPENSE WITH FOREIGN MISSIONS'

mon agreement, overlapping has been eliminated by this allotment plan of occupancy between the various denominations at work there.

Particularly in the educational field, plans for cooperation have been successfully adopted. '['he number of strictly denominational colleges and universities abroad is constantly dwindling before the increase of union enterprises. The four outstanding missionary sehools in China-rated with the best of Western colleges-are interdenominational enterprises, with a single headquarters office in New York City. Similarly, the Women's Christian Colleges of the Orient, one in Japan, two in China and two in India, are interdenominational on the field and share in a common administration at home.

Out of this cooperation interdenominational unity is actually Leing achieved. The South India United Church, including in its membership Congregationalists, Presbyterians and members of the Reformed Church, is a first step in this direction. The membership of this church is about 200,000 and its control is in the hands of a national council. There is no natiomil Church, as yet, in Chinabut already thirteen branches of the Presbyterian Church have united in a single organization. In Japan, similarly, the northern and southern Methodists have accomplished a definite organic union in the Japan Methodist Church.

Not only is the business of Christian missions run, increasingly, on a cooperative basis; it is dominated more and more by Christian specialists. The old theory that a "call" constituted all of the needed equipment for Christian service has long since been discarded by foreign mission boards. A roster of the more than 1,500 missionaries that North American Protestantism sends out each year, includes an amazing number of these Christian "technicians": engineers, architects, accountants, agriculturalists, trained for definite fields, athletic directors, doctors, dentists, nurses; teachers and preachers. On furlough-which comes once in five or seven yearsit is a general policy of the mission boards to require missionaries to spend a part of their time in further study for their special fields and work. This, in part, accounts for the effective work of the 1,200 missionary doctors who are maintained by the Protestant churches in foreign lands; the widespread influence of the men who are directing the work of the one hundred and seventy-five missionary agricultural experiment stations, and the high intellectual standing of missionary schools and colleges.

The final test of Christian missions; however, is not found in this efficiency organization, but rather in its products. In terms of statistics-which are altogether inadequate for any accurate appraisal-the Christian community in China increased since 1814, when the first convert was made, to :~66,524 in 1920. Since the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, when 18,000 Christians were slain, the membership of the Christian Church has increased more than fourfold.

More revealing than the facts of qnantity production are those of quality production. It was not mere chance that when the World War broke out China's Ministers in the United States, Great Britian and Germany were all graduates of mission schools. Of China's delegation of twenty-three at the Washington Conference for the limitation of armaments, a majority were graduates of mission schools. To appraise adequately the influence of Christian missions, it is necessary to trace the history of modern developments in these lands: to discover that China's drive against opium and the unbinding of the feet of China's women were missionary achievements; that the present struggle to break down the worst features of the caste system in India began among Christians; that the gradual abandonment of forced labor in Africa is a result of the agitation of Christians and of Christian missionaries.

In fact, this world enterprise of American Protestantism represents a most effective and oft-times disregarded investment on the part of the people of the United States, in international cooperation and good-will. The United States refused to take mandates for Armenia or Syria at the end of the war. But missionary institutions such as Robert College in Constantinople and the American University in Beirut, Syria, are making contributions-probably more fundamental than those of politics-for the reconstruction of the Near East. The United States has had no part in the staking out of "spheres of influence" in Asia and Africa, but the thousands of Protestant missionaries from America constitute spheres of influence more important than those of politics or of economics, because they represent better understanding, deeper sympathy and higher ideals.

The business of missions, doubtless, will always be subject to criticism. Right now, anti-Christian movements in many places seek to undermine the institutions which Christians have built up. But there is every prospect that the missionary program now, as in the past, will thrive on persecution. Mission schools may be closed temporarily by the present hostile movement in China, but they will open again with enrollments larger than ever before. In the face of hostility, the missionary program will continue to be carried out. Native leadership will, in all probability, supplant the leadership of foreigners-but the Christian enterprise will remain intact. The rapid increase in self-support among native Christians promises well for the future.

Foreign missions are too distinctly Christian and, in particular, too inevitable an expression of Anglo-Saxon Christianity, to be abandoned. They represent one of the most effective enterprises in the modern world for the lighting up of the world's dark places, in order that a new and humanity-wide enlightenment may be born.

DIVIDING BOUNDARY BETWEEN BRAZIL AND

E-BraziI-Jguazu River-Argentine–W Trekking from Canada to Paraguay The Present Mennonite Migration frorn North to Sotl.th America BY THE REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, LL.D., BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINE Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America nA MOST, interesting case of an ideal-impelled migration of a peo- pIe is now being witnessed in South America. This is the trek of a large body of Mennonites from the cold prairies of ,Vestern Canada to the tropical plains and forests of Paraguay. The coming of a people, in many ways so different from the peoples of Latin America, has attracted the attention of the local press to an unusual degree, and in some cases has been hailed as the greatest event of the kind since the Pilgrims boarded the Mayflower at Delft Haven.

Week by wook, in groups of from three to four hundred, com- posed of entire families, these people are now arriving at the port of Buenos Aires, and are immediately continuing their journey to their new home, seventeen hundred and fifty miles inland, by the great river system of the Parana. It is stated that within a few years a total of one hundred thousand men, women and children will have arrived and taken possession of the land which has been alloted to them by a special law of Paraguay. This land lies on the eastern slopes of the Andes and along the Paraguay River. The company which is financing the movement has purchased three millions of acres which are said to be ideally located and unusually fertile. This is 511

part of an estate of seven millions of acres belonging to one of the old families of Paraguay.

For several years repre sentatives of the ,Mennonites have been studying the situation, and a charter was finally granted by the Paraguayail Government, which is so unusual that it deserves to be known to the world outside. According to its promises the Mennonites are gTanted considerations which they have not been able to obtain elsewhere, in accord with their religious beliefs, such as exemption from military service, the right to conduct their own schools and churches in their own language, freedom from taking an oath, and the absolute control of the colony by their own representatives.

The charter was granted by a special law enacted for the pur- pose, and its main points are as under: THE PARAGUAYAN EXPRESS ARTICLE 1. Members of the com- munity known as Mennonites who come to the country as components of a col- onization enterprise and their descend- ants, shall enjoy the following rights and privilege, 1. To practice their religion and to worship with ahsolute liberty without any r estriction . and, consequently to 'make affirma- tions by a simple "Yes" or "No"

in courts of justice, instead of by oatb; and to be exempt from ob· ligatory service eithel" as combat- ants or non-combatants both in times of peace and during war; 2. To establish, maintain, and administrate schools and establishments of learning, and to teach and learn their religion and their language, which is German, without any restriction; ARTICLE II. The sale of alcoholic or intoxicating beverages. is prohibited within a zone of five kilometers from the properties belonging to the Mennonite colonies unless the competent authorities of these colonies request the Government to permit such sale and the Government accedes to the request.

ARTICLE III. The following concessions are granted- to the Mennonite colonies for a peI'iod of ten years from the arrival of the first colonist: 1. The free entry of furniture , machiller~', utensils, drugs, seeds, animals, implements, and, in general, of everything that may be necessary for the installation and development of t1le colonies; 2. Exemption from all classes of national and municipal taxes.

ARTICLE IV. No immigration law, or law of any other character, existing or that may be passed in future, shall impede the entrance of Mennonite immigrants into the country becanse of their age, or physical or mental incapacity.

In spite of this optismistic beginning in the experiment of the wholesale transfer of a people from the far North to the far South, there are not lacking those who look pessimistically on the venture.

TREKKING FROM CANADA TO PARAGUAY

Many recall the "Australian Colony" which was established in Paraguay, under similar conditions, about fifty years ago, and which was a tragic failure. But the Australians attempted to carry out their venture on a communistic basis, and their failure was but a repetition of history.

The Mennonites are known to be an earnest, hard-working, practical-minded, religious people, and their venture will be watched with sYmpathetic interest.

From a missionary standpoint this trek may have far-reaching consequences. The presence in Paraguay of such a large number of Protestant Christians, whose customs and religious habits are so entirely different from those of the Roman Catholic population of the country, must inevitably influence the Government and the people with whom they come in contact.

The section of the country to which they go is far removed from the capital and they will be surrounded by Indians, who have heretofore been considered dangerous and hostile to all attempts to reach them with civilization. The immigranting colonists are to be protected by troops sent by the Government, until such times as they are able to provide for themselves, and their presence in this hitherto unsettled region cannot fail to have a strong influence on the civilizing and Christianizing of the native tribes. Although the Mennonites go to this Promised Land with no definite missionary motive, their mere presence will arouse questions among their neighbors, and the spirit of investigation once aroused may do wonders to break down the spirit of centuries of ecclesiastical domination.

A CREW OF ASUNCION, PARAGUAY, FROM THE BOAT 3

Bible Through Chinese Eyes*

BY RE'V. W. H. OLDFIELD Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance T HE Bible is a unique book, although it is translated into many hundreds of languages-translations which are apparently dif- ferent, still each translation brings out some new shades of meaning which are both interesting and helpful, all keeping to the original. The Chinese do not read our English Bible, but read the Chinese translation.

iMark 1: 4. The English reads, "John did baptize in the wilder- ness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins."

The Chinese reads, "John preached the washing ceremony of sor- row and change. "

Galatians 3: 27. The English reads, "For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ."

The Chinese reads, "You who have received the washing cere- mony intoi Christ all have put on Christ."

In the Chinese the words mean the putting on of clothes, dressing yourself, and indicate the entire dress. From the head to the heels is clothed upon. And not only does it mean "dress," but it means "best dress, " fine garments. So, to the Chinese mind, it means, "You who have received the washing ceremony ought to be dressed up with Christ." People looking at you ought to see the Christlike nature manifest in you. This word for "put on" is a compound word and one of the words in Chinese for putting on of jewelry. It does not only mean to be "dressed up," but to be made beautiful. Ohrist should be so manifest in us that we will be made beautiful to the world so as to attract many to the Gospel.

Galations 5: 1. The English reads, "Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with;the yoke of bondage."

The Chinese reads, "Since Christ hath set us free and given us liberty, stand firm and do not let the slave yoke pinch you into sub- mission again. " I The words' 'made free" are the words used in China in speaking of liberating a prisoner. In Kwangsi soldiers do police duty, and when they make an arrest they tie the prisoner with chains. So here, these words indicate the taking off of chains. Paul says, "Yon have been chained by the devil, but now Christ hath set you free.

Stand firm, and do not let the slave yoke pinch you into submission again." The yoke of sin rubs and irritates, and when the slave thinks he will try to get free, the yoke presses down on his neck and he is literally pinched into submission. Avoid the possibility of getting the yoke of Satan pressed upon yonr shoulders again.

514 H "

H'= CHURCHES ESTABLJSHE'D BY TAIKU HOSPIT'AL HospitalOEvangelism in Korea BY A. G. FLETCHER, M.D., Taiku, Chosen W EARE asked to report the results obtained by hospital evangelism in the Taiku hospital during the past two and a half years. Our aim is to have every member of the staff feel a triple evangelistic responsibili'ty, namely: 1. For the preaching of the Gospel to every patient. 2. For definitely winning to Christ as many of the patients as possible. 3. For seeing that as many of these new converts as possible are safely united with the Church. As many of these converts live in non-Chri'stian villages where as yet a church has not been established, it is our aim to have the evangelists, with the help of such a convert, preach to the relatives and friends with the expectation of establishing a new church. In this way not only is the converted patient safely united with the Church but he is made free from opposition and persecution from his relatives by helping to win them also to Christ. Thus the effort of the hospital definitely to unite one convert with the Church often results in winning and firmly establishing in the faith thirty to forty new Christians. With this aim in view we have gradually developed the following method: 1. The hospital staff is organIzed into a preaching society which is responsible for the support and control of all evangelistic work connected with the institution. 2. In addition to the usual methods of preaching to, and following up, patients, we have a method which we believe to be unique. We send evangelists to the country who reside in the non-Christian 515

village of a hospital convert for one month and, with the help of the patient, establish a new church.

In the beginning of our work we had two men evangelists and one Bible woman. The latter gave all her time to the patients in the hospitals, while the men alternated, spending one month in the hospital and the next in the country. At that time new groups consisted almost entirely of men, as Korean custom does not permit male evangelists to do personal work with the women. In order to win the latter we added a second Bible woman to alternate with the first.

We expected these groups to be taken over immediately and cared for by the missionary pastor in charge of the district in which they were located. However, our station is very much undermanned as to ordained missionaries and an inventory of our new groups showed that already one or two were dead and others too weak to last long because of lack of supervision. Therefore, we found it necessary to add another evangelist in order to make it possible to exercise proper supervision of newly formed groups for one year, or until such time as they were strong enough to be turned over to the missionary pastor and take "pot-luck" with many other older groups. We now have, therefore, three men and three women working in pairs and alternating so that each pair has one month in the hospital winning converts; next month in the country establishing a new group around a convert; next month visiting and supervising groups recently established.

In addition to these six evangelists the Preaching Society supervises one colporteur, who takes letters from the hospital to patients in the country. His business is to sell books, as his salary is given by the Bible Society. The patients help by giving him introductions to the villagers. The colporteur in turn exhorts the patients to continue strong in the faith, preaches the Gospel to the patients' non-Christian relatives and friends, and makes a report to the Preaching Society at the end of each month.

We aim to establish one new group every month and during the past thirty months, since the inception of our work, we have established twenty-six churches of which twenty-four still survive. These churches have a total membership of 625, and sixteen have their own church buildings although the Preaching Society gives no financial help for buildings.

In order to insure growth and development of each group, we made each evangelist responsible for caring for his groups until tu.rned over to a missionary pastor at the end of one year. At this time each group must have, (1) A sufficient number of adherents to be able to pay its share of a helper's salary. (2) Officers capable o~ caring for its spiritual and material needs.

In order to help the evangelists in this work the Preaching

1927J HOSPITAL EVANGELISM IN KOREA

Society sends out to the churches regularly, letters of greeting and admonition. Members of the society go to the country and visit the groups when possible. At such times the Ford is not loaded with people only but with a baby organ, a cornet or other musical instru- ment, etc. Some preach, some sing and others play. We try in this way to give the new Christians a touch of the joy of Christianity. Incidentally the little church gains in prestige and influence by such visits as all meetings are held out of doors and frequently many of the villagers attend.

Each month the Society mime- ographs and sends out to each group a sermon prepared by the evangelist working in the hospital. This is to give spice to the attempts at sermons by the new and often inexperienced leader selected from among the new Christians. Officers of new groups are urged to attend' Bible institutes and Bible classes. The leaders are now asked to subscribe to a Bible Correspondence Course.

The six evangelists and colporteur each make a report at the ~iiij1{c~~~u~nfu<§¥iBL~f~~TEJuR~ monthly meeting of the Preaching ING T~~AK~srN F.f>IY: l:O~Ig~I-HALF Society. A permanent record is made on a printed form of the churches as established. On another form a record is kept of the growth and development of these churches as shown by reports of visits made from time to time.

Mission hospitals have too long labored under the impression that if the hospital would but plant the seed of the Gospel in the hearts of its patients, somewhere an " ApoHos" would water the seed and the Lord would finally" give the increase. " Working in this way hospitals report annually hundreds of ~onversionSi ,among their patients but, since the patients must return to a non-Christian en- vironment, many become discouraged in trying to live a Christian life .

. We are thoroughly convinced, therefore, that preaching to patients within the walls of a hospital is not sufficient to win them to Christ in the majority of cases. Neither is it enough to follow them by post or in person. We must devise a plan whereby the opposition and persecution of relatives and friends will be turned into sympathy and support. Hence our plan of sending evangelists to the non-Christian home town of hospital converts to reside for one month helps to win the patient's relatives and friends for Christ and definitely to unite them with His Church.

Paul's Missionary Statesmanship·

Some Things We M(ty LeMn from the Apostle to the Gentiles in a Program of World-Conquest BY PROF. A. T. ROBERTSON, D.D., SOUTHERN BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY PAUL had a passionate love for his own people! In working for the Gentiles, Paul had not come to hate the Jews. They mis- understood him and persecuted him as a turncoat and a renegade, as a perverter of the customs of the Jewish fathers ….The rejection of Christ by the Jews broke Paul's heart, but not his love for them nor his hope in good for them somehow in the end (Rom. 9: 11). He prayed for the Jews at the very time that they were turning away from Christ their only hope. Yet Paul's love for the Jews did not shut his eyes to the stubborn fact of their refusal to follow Christ. He.made a plea for forbearance with the Jews and for not giving them up. It would have brokell Paul's heart beyond measure if he could have known how the middle wall of hatred between Jew and Gentile that Christ had broken down by the blood of His cross by making both Jew and Gentile love each other by loving God in Christ, would rise again between Jew and Christian….

Paul was in the position of a missionary who is misunderstood by many of the people at home, who fail to sympathize with his mission abroad, who do not help his work, and who actually try to hinder him in his work. But he kept to his work. He always preached to the Jews in their synagogues as long as they would allow him to do so.

But Paul had a deep and commanding love for the whole race. He recognized that the Gospel came to the Jew first, but it did not stop with the Jew. The door of grace and of faith stood wide open to the Gentiles. Race prejudice in Paul was slain by Christ. "There can be neither Jew nor Greek, there can be neither bond nor free, there can be no male nor female: for ye are all one man in Christ Jesus." That was the ideal of humanity in Christ as Paul saw it. It is still the goal of Christianity, but the battle with race prejudice, with class. prejudice and with sex prejudice is not yet won, but it will come. Paul fought for the freedom of the race in Christ.

Paul answered the Macedonian cry and the world cry. The nations had turned away from God and deserved the abandonment that had come to them, the terrible tragedy of sin that meets one in China or Japan or India today. But these very nations are groping in the dark after God if haply they may feel after Him and find Him.

With all of Paul's love for men he was not willing to compromise • C()nd~ns~d froD! Hume ~nd Fweign Fields.

518 the Gospel of grace to win easy converts. He found that the preach- ing of the Cross was a stumblingblock to the Jews and foolishness to the Greek. The J udaizers hounded his steps and beclouded his mes- sage and befogged his converts. Paul had to fight off these enemies of the Cross among the preachers of so-called Christianity. The gnostics came to complicate matters still more by subtle philosophizing and the veneer of learning. But at the risk of schism Paul opposed both Judaizers and gnostics as false brethren who were overturning the faith of their followers. With Paul loyalty to Christ was more important than outward union. Paul's attitude is in contrast to much sentimental talk today. Division is not an advantage per se, but organic union is a curse if it can come only at the cost of loyalty to the Cross of Christ. If one does not know Christianity, he is not fit to be abroad or at home, but certainly not as a missionary. But Paul was in matters of nonessential detail the most yielding of men. "I am become all things to all men, that I may by all means save some." He was suaviter in modo, fm-titer in reo Many a man has been fortiter in modo as well as in re and, as a result he has lost in reo To be suaviter in re may mean, likewise, to lose in re by giving up the heart of the matter. Paul walked softly, as Roosevelt urged, and carried a big stick-matters of principle. The same man who stood like a rock against the circumcision of Titus, a Greek, had Timothy, half Jew and half Greek, circumcised to allay Jewish prejudices and open the door for his ministry. He spoke in sympathy with Greek culture in the Areopagus, but did not scruple to claim his Pharisaic affiliations before the Sanhedrin. He would go as far to win Greeks, Romans, or Jews, as he could without sacrifice of principle. Paul understood the standpoint of his hearers, but he was not afraid to make Felix tremble for his sins. One must know how to give, and take if he is to get things done.

Paul planted the Gospel in strategic centers in the Roman Empire, the great cities in the leading provinces. He tapped the great avenues of travel, the highways of civilization, the wonderful Roman roads that run east and west, north and south. He was a drummer for Christ who knew where to go and how to present his cause. He would begin where he could get a foothold, when there was a chance to put in an entering wedge as in Cyprus with the influence of Barnabas. He would win men· and women of influence, if he could, as Sergius Paulus at Salamis in Cyprus and "the chief women" in Thessalonica. But he had most success with the common people in Corinth as elsewhere. Paul was not ashamed to win slaves to Christ and to call himself the slave of Jesus Christ.

Paul would push on to harder fields, but he held what he had won. He was thoroughly evangelistic, but he sought to establish firmly the work before he left it. He was not afraid of Perga in Pamphylia with its pirates and mosquitoes nor of Pisidia with ita

perils of rivers and of robbers. Paul knew when to leave a field and when to make a stand. Sometimes he left under compulsion as from Antioch in Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra, Philippi, Thessalonica. Sometimes he left under the impUlse of a call elsewhere as from Troas. But Paul always had the whole field on his heart, the anxiety for all the churches wherever he was. So he had native pastors appointed to carry on the work when he was gone. He sent messengers with letters of instruction and encouragement. He tried to build up the character of those already saved as he pushed the work on to harder and wider fields. When he was in prison, he was still the leader of the hosts of God.

Paul met persecution with wisdom and with courage. He did not court opposition. He was not seeking the martyr's crown. He left Antioch in Pisidia before an attack was made, but in Lystra he waited for the actual onset. But Paul pushed his propaganda for Christ with the vision of victory. He would lose a battle and win a campaign. He had no thought of surrender or of ceasing his work. He was helped by some, hindered by others, left alone by still more. Sometimes at critical moments he had a vision of the Lord who cheered him on to fidelity. At the very end the Lord Jesus stood by Paul and strengthened him so that he despised Nero and his lions. Undismayed, he looked on suffering for Christ as a gift of grace and a mark of glory. Death to him was but the ushering in of Christ, with whom he would forever more be at home. That is the spirit of Jesus that mastered Paul and that will conquer the world if missionaries -at home and abroad carryon as Paul did-Paul, the master missionary, statesman of the ages.

CREED FOR EVERYMAN DR. GEORGE EMERSON BARNES, minister of Overbrook Pres- byterian Church, Philadelphia, has written what he terms "A Creed for Everyman," as follows: I believe that- God is the Lord of the whole life, and my love for Him should not be a separate compartment, but the animating power in all my life.

My home, my business, my profession, my social life gain their true significance by serving the high purposes of righteousness, justice and love.

No way has been found unto the heights of successful achievement but the way of obedience to truth and right.

The mastery of my life is gained through surrender to an overmastering cause and lost through a divided allegiance.

Christ deserves the central loyalty of my soul, and His mastery brings the highest joy, the most enduring wealth, the deepest satisfac- tions life affords. I should live daily in accordance with my highest beliefs.

It Is Difficult to Lead

to Christ-I A Review of "The Law of Apostasy in Islam." By Samuel M. Zwemer. Marshall Brothers, Ltd., London & New York. W. C. Bles,lng Co., Chicago. as.6d.

BY REV. E. M. WHERRY, D.D.

Formerly a Presbyterian Missionary in India M ANY amazing claims for Mohammed and his religion have recently been made by Moslem propagandists who have con- stituted themselves champions for Islam, not only in India, but in London, New York, and Ohicago. For thirteen centuries Ohristians have regarded Moslems as fanatical votaries of a religion of violence, whose prophet and apostles confronted the world with the Koran in one hand and a sword in the other, offering life to all who would accept Islam and death to all who would reject it. History tells of vast empires with myriad tribes in Asia and Africa who submitted to the power of the Moslem conquerors who in turn were followed by priests who taught the ritual of confession, prayer and other requirements of the Prophet. Ohurches and temples were converted into mosques, so that instead of bells calling to the worship of God the cry of the Muezzin called the people to the worship of Allah. The converts purchased peace but became slaves forever to God and the Apostle. To deny the faith of Islam was blasphemy and apostasy was rebellion punished by death, wife and children, house and property becoming forfeit, if the apostate would not re- pent and return under the yoke. A second lapse left no room for repentance and the apostate must die. For thirteen centuries this inexorable law has been enforced, except where Ohristian powers have intervened or given protection to the refugee.

Today we hear of a new Islam, says Dr. Zwemer, a reformed Islam, if you will. "We read of new mandatories, of liberty, and of promised equality to minorities under Moslem rule; and newspapers assert that a new era has come to the Near East. Economic development, intellectual awakening, reforms, constitutions, parliament and promises!"

But the numerous efforts to secure greater toleration, though made with the help of a few Moslems educated in Western schools and the pressure of civilized governments, have all proved failures. Not until the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist enters into the hearts and lives of Moslems, will they experience the larger liberty and the higher life which Ohristians enjoy.

Among the laws that regulate the relations between the Moslem community and those who wish to leave it and join some other faith is the law of apos,tasy …… To show what this law is; how it works in the community and towards the individual; what effect it has had on the relations of Islam to Christianity and how it is necessary to abrogate this law, or modify it that 521

there may be liberty of conscience and freedom to confess Chris~uch is the purpose of this little book.

Recent Moslem writers, especially those of the Woking school (England), have attempted to show that Islam always was and is now a religion of tolerance. They have emphasized the one Koran text that seems to inculcate such a doctrine: "Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Sabeans and the Christians -whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, aud does good-they shall have no fear, neither shall they grieve" (v. 69).

This text, however, has not proved a Magna Charta of liberty for minori- ties in any Moslem land, not in Arabia during the seventh century, not even in Egypt or India during the twentieth century. Khwajah Kemal-ud-Din in his recent book, "India in the Balance" (p. 136), says, "As to the change of religion and its penalties under the Moslem rule, there need be no misgiving. In Islam there is no penalty for· apos-tasy."

Such a statement is categoricaL He goes on to say, "Islam is not a religion of the sword. On the contrary, it is a religion of peaceful conversion, tolerant in ideal and altogether democratic in its world vision. As such it must be judged by its principles and its laws and not by their breach."

Dr. Zwemer quotes other similar statements, for example, from The Islamic Review (Nov. 1916), which says, "Islam does not prescribe any punishment in the world for apostasy." Muhammad Ali, M.A., says, "Neither here nor anywhere else in the Holy Koran is there even a hint of the infliction of capital or any other punishment on the apostate."

The Islamic Review makes an appeal to tradition saying, "the life of the Holy Prophet, whose each and every act has been minutely recorded by historians, likewise is destitute of any hint as to the apostate having been condemned to die solely for his change of faith." Such statements cannot go unchallenged. They are usually made to prospective converts to blind their eyes to what otherwise would deter them from their purpose to accept Islam as the true religion.

Notwithstanding the many missions established for the definite purpose of evangelizing the Moslem world, and notwithstanding the publication of millions of pages of Christian books and tracts in many languages used by Moslems, the fact remains that openly confessed converts from Islam to Christianity are comparatively few. Such a condition requires explanation. The testimony of witnesses from Egypt, Turkey, India, Africa, Java, Sumatra, and China is recorded. In every case the reason given is the terror of "the law of apostasy" which threatens with death every man who would abandon his religion for another. The following is a typical case set forth in a letter written by a Moslem convert in Cairo, who escaped from his persecutors and received a medical education in Scotland and who has had a remarkable career as a medical missionary in China. His letter was addressed to Her Highness the Maharanee DuIip Singh: "As your Highness is a convert of the American Mission School in Cairo, and as you have much interest in all who love the Lord Jesus Christ in this

WHY IT IS DIFFICULT TO LEAD MOSLEMS TO CHRIST

city and in this land, I wish to take the liberty of telling you of my persecutions since I became a Christian five months ago. I am an Egyptian and was a pupil in the American School five years and also a teacher the last two years. My father is a strict Mohammedan, but when I was teaching and reading the Bible I found that the Mohammedan religion is not the true one. I searched many months for the true religion of God and read the Bible very much and some other books; and when I found that Christianity is the true faith I rejected my father's religion.

"Fearing that my father and relations would murder me, I intended to flyaway from their faces; but when I consulted Dr. Lansing and Dr. Watson, the two missionaries in Cairo, they persuaded me that Cairo would be safer for me than any other place. So it was arranged that I should come to Dr. Lansing's house for protection. I sent letters to my father and brothers about the reason for my leaving home and embracing Christianity. I wished very much to show my love to Christ and to profess His name, and so I was soon baptized in the Mission Chapel by my name Ahmed-.

"My brothers and friends and sheikhs and learned men came often to see me and made much controversy with me, but by the help of God I was always victorious, which made them very angry. For fear of them I never went out excepting to teach in the school, which is only a few steps from Dr. Lansing's house, and in a very public place. They had spies watching me for several days, and after five weeks, on coming home one afternoon, I was surrounded by ten persons, three of them being my brothers. They caught me and putting their hands on my mouth and eyes, thrust me into a closed carriage in a violent manner.

"There was a cafe very near, and when some men saw this they came forward to stop the horses from going and to help me, but my uncle, who was standing near, called out 'Let them alone, this is by the order of Government. ' They took me to my father's house, assuring me that if I did not tell him that I was a Mohammedan when he asked me, he would kill me. I did tell him, however, that I was a Christian. He brought the most learned philosopher in Cairo and a very learned man, and with many others present, they talked with me very hotly eight;. hours, until I was sick and vomited.

"After three days of continued controversy, seeing that I would not yield they then threatened me with immediate death, according to their law, and in such a way I was certain it would be done. Now the great trial had come and I began to feel a little weak. They wrote a paper saying that I had returned home of my own will and also as a Mohammedan, and forced me to put my name to it. They next took me to the police house and compelled me to write with my own hand to the same e£flect. After this they took me to the English Consulate, where I was again forced to say the same thing, as my brothers were secretly armed to kill me or anyone who would defend if I did not do so. Although after all this had been done they knew I was still a Christian at heart, it was proclaimed that I had returned to Mohammedanism, and they had a great feast to deceive and to take away the disgrace of the family. The controversy still continued and after a month, when I wished to have my freedom and go to teach in the school they refused. I showed them even more strongly that I was still a Christian and insisted upon my rights. But knowing the danger I was now in the Lord helped me to escape out of their hands; when I again sought refuge at Dr. Lansing's house, to whom I am certainly indebted for his kindness because of his giving me to eat and also for treatment as his own beloved son.

"Now I wish to tell your Highness that I am again a prisoner, unable to go out at all or even to step on the balcony; because they are so excited and watching me night and day, desiring to quench their thirst with my'

blood, the blood of the helpless young Christian. My brothers, according to their law, often assured me that if they murdered me they would be martyrs for doing so. I thank God who delivered me out of the hands of my Govern- ment, which I fully believe is watching me and allowing my relatives to do whatever they please and wish, so that I may be destroyed. Oh, would that God would bring freedom and justice here very soon. How dreadful is such injustice and oppression. How freedomless is this miserable country. How many persecutions for embracing God's true religion I have suffered I cannot tell, and how many troubles I have endured. As I have no freedom and no prospect of liberty or safety, may I ask your Highness to have compassion on me, and for the sake of Christ and of justice to help me and deliver me out of the hands of such wicked and barbarous people.

"I hope your Highness will excuse me for troubling you so much, but you will see that I am in great distress and need your help. I know that you love Christ very much, and also all the people who suffer for His sake. As you are a friend of Her Majesty, the good Queen of England, would you do me the great favor to beseech her to use her exalted power to help me, as I believe nothing else will avail. I wish her to know also that I not only ask help for myself, but for many others who wish to embrace Christianity, but cannot for fear of persecution and death. I am very anxious to study the Holy Bible in the theological school, that I may with the help of God, preach to the ignorant people in this land. I do not wish the Government to hear of this letter of your servant, lest it should tear me to pieces. I wish your Highness to pray for me that I may be strong and endure much, and all this help I ask for the sake of the Lord .Tesus, for whose name I have suffered much.

"I am your Highness, most obedient and humble servant, etc. A. F.

"P. S. Since writing the above this morning I have receiyed a secret visit from a true friend of my family, whom I can trust, begging me not to leave this house, assuring me that my life will not be spared. My father has given orders to my brothers and all to kill me if they meet me and they are watching me constantly. You thus see my peril!>us state. May God help me and shield me from the power of my many enemies. A.F.

"Sent Jan. 21, 1878!'

The experience of this convert can be duplicated in every mission field in Moslem lands. The law of apostasy places every Moslem inquirer under a sentence of death. Multitudes have succumbed to its power and have found refuge in the silence of a secret acceptance of Christ, or what is more common, a reversion to the social and religious customs of their fathers. A number of prominent men, missionaries, educators in Moslem schools and colleges and authors of books treating on religious life and experience in all parts of the Moslem world-all of these testify to the terrible restraint upon the freedom of Moslems. "Death, forced separation from wife and family, loss of property and legal rights, naturally cause many who are convinced of the truth of Christianity to hesitate to profess faith in Christ." (Rev. W. T. Fairman.) "The fear of death is certainly one cause for the fewness of converts from Islam to Christianity. Every Moslem knows that his

WHY IT 18 DIFFICULT TO LEAD MOSLEMS TO CHRIST

life is in danger if he becomes a Christian." (President C. F. Gates of Robert College, Constantinople.) Another writes, "As far as TU!"rl:s are concerned, the Moslem law of apostasy has been the great cause for the paucity of converts."

In some countries in Africa and India, where the Christian law would protect the convert, poison is used to destroy the convert. I have known personally a number of converts, who had been given poison in sweetmeats by their own relatives and who only escaped by getting medical attendance in time. Two students who fled from home took refuge in a mission school of which I was superintendent. One had been baptized, the other confessed his faith and took active part in Christian Endeavor Society meetings but had not been baptized.

When the former went home to see his" dying mother," I warned him against eating or drinking anything offered by Mohammedans, even relatives. I received a postcard telling of his safe arrival home and of the affectionate reception he had had at his home. A brother who had threatened to kill him was now quite changed. My heart sank when I read that postcard. So sure was I that it portended evil that I was not surprised to get a letter but two days later telling me of his death. He had gone to Ilahore to see about some money left by a relative to these two brothers. While in Lahore he was treated by his Moslem brother to soda water. Soon after he was seized by pains in his bowels. The brother hurried him to the rail.

way station and hastened by train to a town where he had his sick brother placed in an attic room with a boy to care for him. In the night he realized he was going to die. He called the boy and gave him a note addressed to his pastor, telling how he had been lured to Lahore and given poison. He sent his pocket Testament saying he was dying as a Christian and that he (the' pastor) must not believe his relatives, who would declare he had recanted and died a Moslem.

He died before morning and was, buried by his Moslem friends. The other boy did not return to school nor did he declare his faith in Christ. Many similar cases tell of the penalty which hangs over the Moslem inquirer, if he declares his faith in Christ. They also tell of the sturdy faith of these Christian confessors. Those who have escaped from their persecutors have become sturdy Christians and many of our best pastors and evangelists and teachers have been converts from Islam. Many examples of this are given in this most fascinating book. .

(To be concluded in August.)

and the Christian Church *

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Seeretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

CHINA is a contradiction. Only time will show whether China is a unity or is not and never will be a unity and must fall apart, or if she will be a diversified unity like America. It ill becomes us with our motto of E pluribus unum and constant struggle between our diversity and our unity, or Great Britain with its four diverse nationalities and many dialects in its three small islands alone, to cavil over the reality of China's unity. She is torn by many divergent forces and she needs great unifying principles such as only Christianity can give her in a form consonant with freedom and progress. But China has the cohesion of race and of history and, we believe, of a great destiny. In China there was and there is no central government.. There has been increasing disorder and lawlessness and brigandage throughout the country. There is no president or chief executive and at times no one knows who composes the cabinet in Peking.

As to general disorder and lawlessness, it is easy to give a wrong impression in either direction. In our recent tour, we went about unmolested, losing nothing through robbery, meeting with no discourtesy and seeing no crime or outlawry. One would have been nearer to all these things in America. On the other hand, it cannot be said that any part of China is now under just, effective and responsible government. Wide sections of China are overrun by robber bands. Many of the soldiers are only militarized brigands or the brigands are often only disbanded soldiers who can get no foothold in the economic structure of China's life. In some districts whole villages and Christian churches have been wiped out. The constant overthrow of authorities has relaxed the enforcement of law.

Some Chinese, and Westerners, too, are disposed to lay the blame for this wretched internecine warfare in China upon foreign influence, upon foreign loans or subsidies, foreign importation of arms. There seems to have been some importation of war materials for which the West must accept the guilt, but there are great arsenals all over China, owned, equipped and directed by the Chinese themselves, and it is from these that the war supplies chiefly come. Foreign influence, barring Russia's, is all against this warfare which is ruining China. The financial support comes not from abroad but from iniquitous and merciless taxation, anticipating the payments of years '" Dr. Speer, who was recently e1ected Moderator of the General Assembly of the Proo'byterian Church, presented at the Assembly a report on the crisis in China. Last January he returned from a personal tour of the Christian missions in China, and prepared. a. manuscript exhaustivelY reviewing conditions in that country. The following selected. but not always consecutive extracts are taken from this report..

526 to come, and from the railways which were built by foreign capital for China's economic welfare and which the war lords are rapidly destroying, and from opium.

A great question is as to the extent to which the Nationalist movement is or will be dominated by Russian or communistic influences. Is this movement using these influences, intending when it has secured all it wants from them to discard them, or are they using it, intending to keep their hold on it and to direct it to their own ends ~ In all our conversations we met no communists or socialists whatever. All with whom we talked maintained that when the Nationalist movement had got all it needed from Russian advice or financial help or from the use of communism in arousing and organizing popular feeling, it would throw them off.

There are white Russian military advisors and some thousands of Russian soldiers as mercenaries with General Chang of Shantung. There are red Russian influences at work in Peking and Shanghai and they represent one of the most powerful forces in the Cantonese movement. .It was said that they had loaned the Cantonese government $18,000,000. In Canton and Hunan the Nationalist government and the soviet revolution were linked together.

The Chinese allege that Sun Yat Sen was driven to this alliance only after America and Great Britain had been appealed to and had refused any sympathy or support, and that in due time when the Russian orange has been sucked dry it will be thrown away. Other Chinese are not so sure. Some of these fear their own overeonfidence. They are not so trustful that the camel can be pushed out of the tent. And others see exactly what Russian influence has meant. It it hard to appraise the extent and the ultimate consequences of this Russian influence, but it is clearly not in the direction of national confidence and equality, it is materialistic and secularist, and it has aroused powerful forces of economic and industrial disorder.

But in spite of all fictions and confusion and inward contradictions, the National movement in China is real and true. The Cantonese development mayor may not be the germ of a true and ordered national life, but sooner or later a competent central government will be achieved. There is no company of qualified and equipped leaders such as carried the American Revolution and the Japan restoration to success, and at present many of the men who might be such leaders, whether from wise prudence or from timidity, dare not speak. Many capable and honest men of true patriotism are unable to do more than speak bravely and act honestly in private life. The political movement is not yet sufficiently free and true to give them room for public action. But the iron bars are broken or breaking and the great tides of life are running and flowing. As soon as China's energies are focused upon the fundamental political problem

of the reorganization and reform of her governmental institutions from top to bottom, as necessitated by the impossibility of ever restoring the old order, the immensity of her task will appear and also the long and wonderful progress which is ahead of her will begin.

Assuredly both China and the Western nations will suffer until it is apprehended that this great task of China's transformation and the happy and honorable clarification of all her outer relationships, cannot helpfully be played off against one another to the hindrance of each, but that both problems must be worked out cooperatively in friendship and good will.

Sooner or later some one should undertake a careful, dispassionate and yet sympathetic study of the whole question of the relation of Christian missions and of Christianity in China to the Chinese government and to Western governments and to the treaties between them. When it was contended at a meeting which we attended that missions should not concern themselves with the treaties or with the international problem because missions should not be involved in politics, a Chinese Christian replied that the purpose of the present discussion was not to involve missions in politics but to extricate them. Probably the discussions of the past years have worked in both directions. Some of them have tended to extricate and some to implicate.

The essential fact is that the Chinese and all the rest of the world want, or ought to want, to see China on an equality with all other nations and that this is coming about. The immediate abrogation or revision of the treaties might make it true nominally, but only China herself can make it true actually by acquiring as only she can her own actual sovereignty over herself or among the nations.

From the point of view of missions the essential thing is the genuine recognition of the principle of religious liberty. At the outset the so-called toleration clauses were only that. They were not unequal. They were the acknowledgment of equality. All other religions were free in China. Christianity was not. These clauses did nothing more in terms than make Christianity free. They put Christianity in China on the same basis on which Buddhism and Confucianism stood and stand in the United States. The matter might have been stated reciprocally as it is in the Treaty of 1920 between the United States and Siam, but China at the time had no care for such a statement. We do not believe it is an infringement of any nation's sovereignty to recogni'ze the principle of religious liberty in its treaties. All that ought to be expected today is that a responsible China will establish this principle really and irrevocably in her constitution and statute law. At present there are no such guarantees. There is no constitution of China at the present time. There have been four constitutions (1912, 1913, 1914 and 1923), but none of these is

CHINA AND THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH

in force and in not one of them are the guarantees sufficiently com- prehensive or absolute.

When we came away from China last December the whole of southern China was uncertain as to the policy of the government and in central and northern China there were no constitutional guaran- tees whatever. At the same time there was religious freedom almost everywhere resting on the tradition of the past, and even more on the broad, tolerant spirit and good common sense of the Chinese people, and to an extent, their genuine appreciation of Christianity and the Christian Church and the Christian missionary. It is clear that it must be the concern of the Christian Church in China to secure and if need be to give its life to secure the complete and unlimited right of religious liberty.

Looking at China from without, the social fabric seems as yet to have been little affected. There are, of course, superficial changes. In all the cities and towns where we went the queues were almost entirely gone. Footbinding unfortunately has been little modified. The missio:p. schools oppose it, but public sentiment still supports it and careful observers in country and village see no diminution of it. The opium habit, which has been China's greatest social and economic curse, has come back in full force. Foreign nations have their share of guilt and many Chinese are bravely fighting against the growing evil.

The central social question relates to family life. The strength of China has been the family organization. But the China family has also been and is one great source of China's weakness. The problem today is how to preserve the good elements of social solidarity and interdependence and responsibility, which the old collective family life supplied, and escape from the killing burden which it imposed on initiative and individual freedom. It has made nepotism a curse in every department of life, including the Christian Church. It made marriage a piece of race mechanism. It is today crushing the life out of many men who have to carry an impossible load of intolerance and inefficiency. Once again only time will show whether in the social evolution which has already begun the evils of the historic institution of the family in China can be left behind without leaving its good also or how, if the whole thing goes, something better can be substituted.

There can be no question of the reality of the vast social transformation represented in the students of China. The social, intellectual and moral changes taking place in them are the doom of the old China. They must be made the hope of the new. There have been times during the past three years when Chinese and foreigners alike were forced to doubt whether these students would be China's hope or China's despair, when the destinies of a great nation, the 4

most populous on earth, were being determined by boys and girls not yet out of high school or even elementary schools.

At the present time the development of public education in China is interrupted. With the return of order and cessation of wars, the development of public education will be resumed on a scale unprecedented in history. Meanwhile the mission schools have been filled with students. They have provided the best education available in China and they have maintained discipline as the government schools and most other private schools have not.

The attitude of government education and its leaders toward philosophical and religious questions is rationalistic. The strength of the rationalistic view, however, does not save Confucianism. Whether or not the general tendency of Confucianism is rationalistic and agnostic, there is general testimony and obvious evidence that the influence of Confucianism is waning. The beautiful temples are falling into ruin. This time the rebuilding is dubious. One sees soldiers quartered in them ~verywhere and sleeping even in the niches from which the sacred tablets have been removed. Classical scholarship also is diminishing, and missionary colleges have a great duty, which they recognize, to seek to aid in saving it.

There is, of course, anti-foreign feeling in China. So is there in the United States. Political parties and national organizations have arisen on it. There has been and is feeling against Asiatics and Europeans and Latin Americans and this feeling enters into politics, legislation and religion. There is ampler explanation for such feeling in China's history than there is in ours. It is doubtful whether this feeling in China is any stronger than it has been. Some Chinese declare that it is always present and that it is universal and can be evoked whenever special provocation comes. Others hold that it does not exist in any such form, that the Chinese are as susceptible to the idea of universal brotherhood as any other race and that the outburst of the recent years has not been and is not a national antipathy but largely a political instrument for the creation of a sense of national unity and duty and interest, and that it is altogether amenable to dissolution and is already in part dissolved. Those who hold the Chinese to be an essentially unreasonable people maintain the former view, but we believe the Chinese to be as responsive to justice and kindness as any other race and as capable both of humanity and of Christianity.

The anti-Christian movement is both good and evil. It is good as indicating a living concern, whether this concern springs from true or false criticism of Christianity. It is evil to the extent that it rests on untrue conceptions of Christianity or of the history of the past century in China and in China's relations with the west, or in so far as either it or the reactions which it meets in the Christian ranks in China, embody an unequal and partial diagnosis of the con-

CHINA AND THE OHRISTIAN CHURCH

temporary complex of China and of the relations of the West to China. This is a situation which it is hard to see whole and which patriotic spirits in China may be pardoned for not seeing whole. But not seeing things whole, from the other side as well as one's own, brings its own certain self-punishment. There has been both good and bad on both sides as between China and the West, and nothing is to be gained from hate or antagonism or recrimination. The only road of hope and peace is in good will and understanding and in self-conformity on each side to the absolute standards of truth and righteousness. So far as missions and the Christian Church in China are immediately concerned as missions and as a church, the anti- Christian movement will do great good if it leads them to the purest and simplest conceptions of the Gospel of the New Testament, and the presentation of those conceptions with love and power and Christlikeness to the whole Chinese people.

The primary and central question in missionary work in China is the question of church and mission relations. Perhaps it is too much primary and central but in the present circumstances of both church and'missions this is inevitable.

The national element enters on both sides. The mission is a foreign mission and the church is a native church. Nothing can alter this fact. There is, of course, a true sense in which Christianity is supernational, but the organized Christian Church is not supernational. The Church of Rome seeks to be such, and also supernatural, but the Protestant churches have rejected that ideal. Some of them have modified that rejection and sought to achieve a universal character, but even they have had to recognize their intranational as well as their international character. The Church in each nation cannot but partake of the life and temper of the nation. It would be lamentable if it did not share it as a living part of it and a living, national power within it. Part of the difficulty of the situation in China has been that the Church was charged with being an unnational and foreign agency. It is both natural and right that the Church should disavow and seek to escape from such accusations. In part they were true, both worthily and unworthily true. Worthily true in that the churches did represent a religion from without that was not national nor yet naturalized in China but that China needed, and that they did embody a universal interest and fellowship. In this respect the same reproach which Christianity suffers lies against medicine and surgery and electricity and all the science and invention of the West. There is no escape from this reproach. The churches must simply live it down and naturalize Christianity in China not by China-i1zing Christianity but by Christianizing China. But the accusations were also unworthily true. Some churches, though not the Presbyterian, were really the projection into China of other na-

tional churches, and the supreme ecclesiastical authorities in these Chinese churches were to be found in other countries.

Our ideal of the Church is summarized in the time-worn but indispensable words, "self-propagating, self-supporting and selfgoverning." The missionary policy of our church has sought to set up the new churches on the mission field in full ecclesiastical se1£- government from the beginning. The churches in China long ago entered into their full ecclesiastical autonomy.

The destructive and anti-Christian forces in China have carried on a wide propagation. Indeed the greatest propaganda in the field of religion is the anti-religious propaganda against Christianity. It is hard to see why propaganda for Christianity should be deemed so wrong, while propaganda against it is so right. The Church and the mission should meet this flood with a flood of its own, not polemic or bitter, but Christian, kind, truthful and more effective in reaching the reasonable mind and the moral nature of the Chinese. The churches and the missions through the National Christian Council should pou.r into every province in China a few clear and convincing Christian documents which would penetrate deeper and reach further than the anti-Christian propaganda has done.

The movement for church union in China contemplates the union of the Presbyterian, Reformed, Congregational, United Brethren and a number of independent congregations of the Reformed faith. The new union will be the largest and strongest and most nearly national church in China. All the elements involved are independent ecclesiastically of any Western church and the problem is accordingly wholly in the hands and under the control of the Chinese churches, save as they may voluntarily rely upon missionary counsel.

No one can face the facts in these lands and not see that the end of foreign missions is nowhere in sight. In China the unreached people and villages are innumerable. Single stations in Shantung are responsible for evangelizing from one to four million people each. And there are also unreached classes. Practically nothing is being done today for between one and two million soldiers.

If it is the business of missionary enterprise to see that the Gospel is preached to every creature, then the work of Church and Mission in China is only well begun. It is true that only a certain kind of missionary will be useful and happy, but then that is the only kind that should ever be sent-men and women of wisdom and love, of unselfishness and patience, of tact and capacity, who know the Gospel and believe it and are able to teach it. A missionary writes that the time is at hand when" only those who really love the Chinese people and are willing to pay the price of becoming intimate friends to some of them will be able to stay." But no other kind ought ever to have been sent. This is just the sort that the real missionaries have ever been.

A MISSIONARY HISTORY TEST FOR

BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of "From Every Tribe and Nation," Etc.

What I. Your Score1 Here are twenty more questions which THE REVIEW offers as a test of your knowledge of missionary history. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replie~. Twenty correct, answers score 1:00 per cent, ten correct answers score 50 per cent, and so on. The answers will be found on page 55S, but do not consult them until you have tried to answer the questions.

1. By whom was the first hospital for women opened in the Orient? 2. When did the first Protestant missionary land in China ~ 3. Who was the· first Red Indian to preach the Gospel in Great Britain? 4. What identified the body of David Livingstone when it was brought to England nearly a year after his death in Africa? 5. What did Adoniram Judson use as, a pillow during the greater part of his long imprisonment in Burma? 6. What famous missionary was saved from a tragic death by Queen Victoria during his school days at Eton? 7. Who was the first English woman to go as a missionary to India? 8. Where and by whom was the first Protestant sermon preached on the Pacific Coast of North America? 9. Where did two small cakes of soap delay the expulsion of the missionaries long enough to enable them to complete the translation of the Word of God? 10. Who was the first woman granted a government permit to practice medicine in the Turkish Empire Y 11. Where did John Eliot put his famous motto, "Prayer and pains through faith in Jesus Christ will do anything"? 12. What great world evangelist preached the Gospel in every continent and established self-supporting missions in Africa? 13. What Mora"ian family had representatives in the foreign mission field through six successive generations? 14. Where was the largest church in the world in the middle of the nineteenth century and who was its pastor? 15. What distinguished Dutch physician was converted late in life and went as a missionary to Africa when fifty-two years old? 16. What native African king waged war against liquor and made his kingdom "the first modern prohibition country in the world?" 17. Who is the only woman called an apostle in the history of missions? 18. What missionary of Scottish birth carried the Gospel to Ireland ~ 19. What missionary of Irish birth planted the Gospel in Northern Scotland' 20. 'On what day did William Catey baptize the first Hindu convert in the Serampore Mission of the English Baptists in India?

533

MEMORIALS TO MRS. ORONK trial conditions of this and other countries and of the peoples among The ~o~an 's Missionary Society whom our missionary work is being of the Umted Lutheran Church in carried on, will give to the Church America, of which Mrs. E. C. Cronk the stimulus that comes from witnesswas an honored member, has inaug- ing a God of power working through urated plans for two memorials to the Holy Spirit in the hearts and lives Mrs. Cronk. One in Japan is a kinder- of men and women and little children garten in Kumamoto in what is known today as truly and vitally as He did as the" Colony of Mercy," conducted in the days of the early Apostles. under the auspices of the Lutheran Church. This reading plan will commend it- self .to many different groups of peo- The second is a Chair of Religious ple III our churches. Education in the Lutheran College for Women which is to be opened in The plan can be kept as simple or Washington, D. C., in the fall of 1928. made as elaborate as the local church desires. A third memorial has been decided on in the form of a Chair of Missions (1) It can be carried throughout in Marion College, Marion, Virginia. the church year, supplying supple- Mrs. Cronk's father was the founder mental reading for all ages and of this college, and was president for groups. forty year's. She herself was an alumna of the college, and two of her (2) It can be compassed in a short sisters have devoted their lives to its period, from a month to two or three service. months.

A fourth memorial, of a little dif- (3) It can be developed as a conferent type, will be the book of "Best test between the men and boys and Missionary Methods" which is to be the women and girls of the church published this autumn by the Flem- and the Sunday school or the Young ing H. Revell Co. It will be edited People's Society, or the several organby Dr. E. C. Cronk and will gather izations of the church may contest some of the best of the tested methods against each other for the largest total for promoting missionary interest in of points. the Church, the school and the home, among men, women and children. The credit or honor plan is sug- There has been a very wide and in- gested merely as a stimulus to induce sistent call for the publication of Mrs. more people to read missionary books. Cronk's Best Methods that appeared in the REVIEW for nearly a decade, The campaign should be an incenand this announcement will be hailed tive to develop more study and to inwith much satisfaction. crease the number of accredited Reading Circles. Missionary Reading Oampaign The aim of the campaign is to pro- By MRS. Fl. H. SILVERTHORN mote missionary reading among all the members of the church, of the There is a growing need for a better Sunday school and of the other orbackground of general as well as spe- ganizations. cific information regarding the missionaryenterprise. Missionaryreading It should be stimulated by a system will provide the contagion of the of honors which should be announced. heroism and high purpose of mission- . Rules ~or conducting a campaign aries as caught through missionary III a partIcular church: stories and biography. Such reading will develop understanding regarding 1. The campaign should be open to other races, will help us to a clearer children, young people, and men and knowledge of the religious and indus- women.

2. It should be promoted by the Council of Religious Education of the Church through the sub-committee or cabine~ of Mis~ionary Education, by a speCIal commIttee appointed for this

BEST METHODS

purpose, or by any organization or before a group the number of credit group in the church. The personnel points allowed for the book. of the sub-committee or cabinet of Missionary Education or the special (2) For Intermediates and Seniors committee should be made up of rep- (12 to 17 years). resentatives from every organization of the church. A promoting and a (a) To write a summary of a misrecording secretary should be ap- sionary story or book using not less pointed. Any group or leader in the than 300 words" What I liked best in church may initiate such a reading the missionary story read"; campaign. (b) To retell a missionary story to 3. The campaign may be begun at a Sunday-school class or group; any time. The best results come from a campaign that is not too long drawn Cc) To illustrate a missionary story out. From a month to six weeks or adding a written explanation of each two months is a suggested period of picture; time. Cd) To tell the missionary story 4. Pastors, directors of Missionary briefly as though one of the characters Education and local secretaries for in the story; Missionary Education of the Women's Societies should be responsible for For each person who does the work promoting tbis reading campaign, required or tells the story in any of though it may be initiated by any in- the above, the number of credit points terested person in a local church. The allowed for the book used-2 points. secretary or recorder for a campaign should report the number of points (3) For Children (to 12 years). gained by the church to the Director (a) To write in not less than 100 of Missionary Education. words "What I liked best in the mis- sionary story read or told to me"; Honors–All readers win points for (b) To retell a missionary story to honors for their churehes aeeording a Sunday-school class or group; to the following rules: (c) To illustrate a missionary story adding a written explanation of each 1. Points for individual reading: picture; (d) To playa story; a. BOOKS (2 to 4 Points Each) (e) To tell a missionary story b. MAGAZINES (2 Points Eaeh) briefly as though one of the characters MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in the story; For each child who does the work read through. required or tells the story in any of The denominational magazine read the above, the number of credit points allowed for the book used-2, points. through. Everyland read through by a ehild. Recognition-An honor roll should be kept for the recognition of accom- 2. Points for group reading: plishment and should be exhibited at the close of the church year. a. RiEADING CIRCLE (reading accredited books) : On the Honor Roll should be placed the names, of those persons who have For eaeh adult or young person scored a total of 25 p!"'ints or more. who hears the entire book read or for each child who hears the entire book Suggestions: told or read, half the number of Us,e Church bulletin boards, calencredit points allowed on the reading dars, and platform announcements of list for the specified book will be the campaign. Suggest that public libraries furnish given. missionary books, for circulation. Cooperate with public libraries in b. BOOK REVIEWS AND STORY the preparation of exhibits of mission- TELLING (2 Points Each) ary books. Promote the formation of church (1) For adult or young person pre- missionary libraries. paring a thorough book review of one of the books listed and presenting it

Encourage all grades and groups For Young People within the church to unite in the campaign. A,dventures in lIrotherhood. By Giles. 75 cents. M. E. M. Form discussion groups or study classes using the study books listed. Bells of the Blue l'agoda. By COChran. $M5. GOOD BOOKS FOR SUMMER Some Boys and Girls in Amerioa. By Ap· F!'Jr Adult. plegarth. $1.50. Doran.

G~ Winning the Oregon Country. By Faris. $1.00. Westminster. Alaska, An Empire in the Making. By Un· derwood. $3.00. Dodd Mead. From Every Tribe and Nation. By Brain. $1.50. Revell. The Arab at Home. By Harrison. $3.50. Crowell. Brother Van. By Brummit. 75 cents. M. E.M. Christianity and the Race Problem. By Oldham. $1.00. Ass 'n Press. Frank Higgins, Trail Bluer. By Whittles. $1.00. M. E. M. The Christ of the Indian Road. By Jones. $1.00. Abingdon. Girl Who Walked Without Fear. By Rice. 60 cents. Revell. Land of Saddle Bags. By Raine. $1.50. M.E.M. Jackson of Muokden. By Christie. $1.50. Doran. The Making of the Great West. By Drake. $1.75. Scribners. Livingstone the Pathftnder. By Mathews. $1.00. M. E. M. The quest of God in China. By O'Neil. $2.50. Doran. Ministers of Mercy. By Franklin. $1.00. M.1!l.M. Rural Social problems. By.Galpin. $2.00. Century. The Mo1iats. By Hubbard. $1.00. M. Eo M. Shepherd of Anitab. By Riggs. $1.00. The Task in Japan. By Reisehauer. $1.50. Revell. M. E.M. Story of Marcus Whitman. By Craighead. Churches of Distinction in Town and Coun- try., Edmund de S. Birunner. $1.50. $1.00. Westminster. George H. Doran Co. New York. ,1923. Uganda's White Man of Work. By Fahs.

Christian Approach to Islam. James L. $1.00 cloth, 75 cents pro M. E. M. Barton. 50 cents. Pilgrim Press. Boston. Wilfred Grenfell, the Master Mariner. By The Church and Missions. Robert E. Speer. Mathews. $1.50. Doran. $1.75. George H. Doran. New York. The White Q11een of Okoyong. By Living. 1926. stone. $1.25. Doran. China Today Through Chinese Eyes. Sec· ond series. Seven distinguished Chinese For Juniors leaders. $1.25. George H. Doran. 1926. lIrave Adventurers. By Cronk. 75 cents. The Eternal Hunger. Edward A. Steiner. M. E. M. $1.25. Revell. 1925 Chinese Lanterns. By Meyer. 75 cents. The Negro in American Life. Willis J. Central Committee. King. 75 eents. Methodist Book Con. cern. 1926. Lamplighters Across the Sea. By Apple· garth. $1.25. Doran. Protestant Europe-Its Crisis and Outlook. Adolf Keller and George Stewart. $3.50. The Magic Box. By Ferris. 60 cents. Doran. 19027. M.E.M.

Sowing Seed in Assam. Ella Marie Holmes. Mr. Friend O'Man. By Stocking. 60 cents $1.50. Revell. 1925. cloth, 40 cents pro M. Eo M.

The Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions. Some Boys and Girls in America. By Ap' Robert E. Speer. $2.75. Revell. 1926. plegarth. $1.50. Doran.

Life of WlIllam carey. S. P. Carey. $3.50. Under Many Flags. By Cronk and Sing. Doran. master. 65 cents. M. E. M.

A Daughter of the Samurai. By Sugimoto. Zig-Zag Journeys in the Camel Country. $3.00. Doubleday Page. By Zwemer. $1.00. Revell.

Life of Henry Martyn. By Padwich. $1.50. Primary Doran. Ah lu, A Chinese River Boy. By Nevill Stories from the Life of Dr. Wilfred Gren- and Wood. 60 cents. Printed in Great feU. By Wallaee. $1.50. Revell. Britain.

Raj, the lIrigand Chief. Amy Carmichael. Esa, A Boy of Nazareth. By Nevill. 60 $2.50. Revell. cents. Great Britain.

African Clearings. By Mackenzie. $2.50. Eskimo Stories. By Smith. 75 cents. Rand. Houghton. Kembo, A Little Girl of Africa. By Barnard The Laughing Buddha. By Stewart. $2.00. and Wood. 60 cents. Great Britain. Revell. Snow Baby,. By Peary. The Three Camels. By Spriggs and Wood. Red Blossoms. 'By ROBe. $1.75. Revell. 60 cents. Great Britain.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK KATHARINE SOHERER ORONK for boys and girls j for she herself A woman known and loved in mis- must often have been just such an adsionary circles all over the United venturer, stepping out into work far States and in many other countries beyond her physical strength, yet has gone from us and we look in vain praying like Henry Martyn, 'Let me for one to take her place. In the burn out for God.' This, quite literal- May number of Lutheran Woman's ly, she did. To bring His Kingdom on Wark are more than twenty beautiful earth! It is a rare mantle of service tributes to Katharine Scherer Cronk. she has dropped on the shoulders of One of these we send to the mission- those of us who are left, but I believe ary magazines that receive material her passing will make many, many others feel that they long to carry from the Federation each month-the this or that portion of her load, inidea and the list of magazines (in spired by her life." large part) having originated with Mrs. Cronk.. AN INTERNATIONAL STUDENT Margaret T. Applegarth writes; Many readers of this magazine "A good while ago I remember know of the survey made for a Joint hearing Mrs. Cronk say at Northfield, Committee of the Federation of humorously but unforgetably, that Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, for years and years she had been the Council of Women for Home Mis- thinking how wonderful it would be sions and the Federal Council of the to have on her tombstone the words; Churches of Christ in America, by 'She did the work of ten women.' Miss Clarissa H. Spencer, one of the But with the passage of time and secretaries of the National Board of greater insight into life she said she the Young Women's Christian As- had been gradually changing the sociation. They may have answered words into; 'She did the work of one some of the questionnaires relating woman well-and set the other nine to the "Place of Women in the to working.' Church," since facts were sought con- "It seems to me now that no two cerning the measure of responsibility statements :more truly express her allowed women as lay workers in the life as seen by one who knew her local churches, in the denomination only at a distance, meeting her but and as clergy, as well as the relation rarely and at long intervals; yet, of the women's missionary societies to even by mail, the tirelessness of her the churches.

own energy continually 'doing the Miss Spencer's death occurred on work of ten women' was always ap- April ninth, before she had time to .parent; and no one who knew her compile the results of this study. She doubted her rare ability to 'set the had, however, published a study of other nine to working.' Surely there women's place in the Christian are many besides myself who have Church since its beginning, under the wondered just why and how we were title of "Saints and Ladies," desig- ever inveigled into this or that chore nating the first group, "The Friends for her! of Jesus," and the last chapter, "To me personally it is a beauti- "What of the Future?"

ful thing that among her last contri- Miss Spencer had lived and traveled butions should be 'Brave Adventur- much in other lands having been for era,' that fine little book on prayer five years a missionary in Japan, and 537

for sixteen years, General Secretary service has been so greatly changed of the World's Y. W. C. A., with head- that a stranger is often caught in the quarters in London. She knew in network of confused perplexity.

their original setting many of the "I call myself one of those who churches now largely represented in have been fortunately freed from the the United States by Christians. born entanglements and can see, so far as in other countries, such as the various my ability goes, the constructive ef- Lutheran communions, and the East- fort of Christian lives in America.

ern Orthodox churches. "With this conviction I shall be able to bring a better understanding AN APPRECIATION OF AMERICA of American Christian people to our Since so many people are ready to people in Japan. In spite of all sorts criticise the United States, some of of adverse criticism against America them justly, it is a pleasure to record in Europe and in the Orient which I the observations and estimation of one heard, my own experience has given or the most outstanding foreign wom- me a better appreciation or this en in the Orient, Miss Michi Kawai. country than ever before. I am sure her words will be read with the deepest interest. "There are many instances which I can cite to my people, showing them Miss Kawai has spent over a year how today in this seemingly material- in America, traveling north, south, istic America there are many Chris- east and west, speaking almost one tian people who are willingly.sacrific- hundred times to different groups. ing their wealth and positions in order to live up to the standard of Jesus "I can hardly believe that one year Christ. This s.ort of interpretation . has just gone since I came to America. of America will bring more respect and esteem and love to this country Before I leave I should like to make from my own people than some polit- a report of my vtisitations during January and a part of February. I ical and economic issues which are regret t~ say that during my trip my endeavoring to bring better diplomatic itinerary and notes were lost, so that relationship. I cannot recall very accurately what "Let us endeavor more zealously I did during the month of November; but in January and up to the fifteenth and more humbly to be worthy of our of February I lhave spoken at 54 calling, 'The Ambassadors of Christ,' places. and thus to enlist ourselves in the " Among the topics considered army of consecrated souls who count were: every suffering and every hardship, 1. Christian Internationalism for East and for His sake, as joy unspeakable." West. (Signed) MICHl KAWAI.

2. Christian Work Progressing or Declin· ing in the Orient. Why' NOTES FROM CHINA 3. What Oriental People Think of Western Christians Today. Professor Horace G. Robson, of 4·. Youth and International Relationship. Nanking University, China, one or the "The response everywhere was first Americans to reach this country mo;re 'than grati:f'ying. The open- after the attack of March 24th says: mindedness and self-examination of "It was reported to me from re- the American public whom I met re- liable sources that, of the three armies vealed to me that there is a very hope- entering the city, one army was set ful future for American contribution upon the complete extermination of toward the world's reconstruction. all foreigners in the city; another Again and again I was impressed with was indifferent to the question, while the fact that Christianity is the ever- a third was definitely opposed to the increasing vital force or the national molestation of foreigners or their life in this versatile country, although property. It seems quite clear that a the expression or Christian living and compromise was reached between

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

these armies which permitted the for- showed no deep antagonism toward eigners to be looted and harrassed but the foreigners as such. they were not to be killed. It was undoubtedly this opposition of the "Special mention should be made moderate wing of the army, repre- of the loyalty and heroism of the sented in the leadership of General teachers and students in Christian Chiang Kai-Shek, which saved the institutions. It was they who kept a lives of the foreigners in the city. It few of our institutions from being should be made perfectly clear that looted and possibly destroyed. It was the Nationalist army as a whole did they who, on innumerable occasions, not approve of what was done in stood between the foreigners and the Nanking but that the looting and mal- enraged soldiers who were constantly treatment of the foreigners was due threatening the lives of their foreign to the extreme radical wing of the friends, and it should be remembered Nationalist forces. that these same students and teachers are, since our evacuation, suffering "A significant fact connected with persecution for their loyalty. It was due to the friendship of the Chinese the events in Nanking was the friend- teachers and students that not more damage was done to the college build- ship shown the foreign population ings at the University and at Ginling College for Women. The college girls by the Chinese people on numerous were in every way as courageous and occasions during the day of the loot- loyal as the boys."

ing. Chinese staff and students of the Helping Others University and others did their best If any little word of mine to protect the foreigners from the May make a life the brighter, madness of the soldiers even though If any little song of mine it imperilled their own lives. When May make a heart the Iighter- I was believed to be a white Russian God help me speak the little word, soldier trying to escape in Chinese dis- And take my bit of singing guise, and the soldiers insisted upon And drop it in some lonely vale shooting me, a student in the Uni- To Bet the echoes ringing.

versity saved my life by stepping in If any little love of mine between me and the guns iSaying: May make a life the sweeter, 'If you must shoot someone, shoot me.' If any little care of mine May make a friend ·'s the Heeter, Many other foreigners passed through similar experiences. A prominent If any lift of mine may ease Chinese Christian leader in the city The burden of anotherraised within a few hours $10,000 among the Chinese business people as God give me love, and care, and strength a ransom for our release if it were To help my toiling brother. found necessary to use it. On Friday, when it was possible for Chinese to Without me ye can do nothing. move more freely on the streets, hun- John 15:5. dreds streamed in and out of the University Science Hall where we were You can make a fortune without gathered and with tears in their eyes Christ. You can do great things and expressed their deepest sympathy and achieve the world '8 glory and glamour regret for what had happened, and and appreciation without Christ. You offered every aid within their power can become great scholars without to assist us. At no time were the Christ. But this is Christ's verdict hostile soldiers able to arouse the an- upon everything in life that is not tagonism of the people against us, and eternal-He calls it nothing. although the rabble completely looted our homes when the soldiers gave them "Without me-severed from methe opportunity, the masses of the ye can do nothing. " – J. Stuart people, including even the rabble, Holden. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 E. 22ND STREET, NEW YORK A NEW ERA IN MISSIONARY shorter than Dr. Cavert's. (Cloth, EDUCATION $1.00; paper, 60 cents.) This year the Missionary Educa- In planning the literature for chil- tion Movement and the Council of dren and youth there has been no at- Women for Home Missions unite in tempt to bring all of the books within offering for the first time a combined the scope of the theme for adults.

study of home and foreign missions, Rlather, an effort has been made to presenting for adults and young peo- provide more courses for the various pIe two books on the theme: The Es- grades on particular subjects. Most sentially Missionary Character of of this material is of permanent value Christianity. and can be used at any time in build- These books-" The Adventure of ing programs of religious education the Church" and "New Paths for to fit local needs. Many of the courses Old Purposes"-are pub lis he d are especially well adapted for week- jointly by the Movement and the day and vacation church schools.

Council, which have united for many "The Story of Missions" by Edwin years in the publication of missionary E. White, formerly Missionary Educa- education material on home missions. tion Secretary, Board of Foreign Mis- "The Adventure of the Church: sions, Presbyterian Church in the U. A Study of the Missionary Genius of S. A., is a short popular history of Christianity" by Samuel McCrea missions, home and foreign, and is Cavert, General Secretary, Federal valuable as an independent study Council of the Churches of Christ in book or for collateral reading with the America, sketches vividly the expan- books listed above. It was written sion of Christianity, summarizes re- especially for young people but is suIts of the missionary enterprise at equally popular with older and home and abroad, analyzes new prob- younger groups. (Cloth, 75 cents; lems before the Church throughout the paper, 50 cents.) world, and shows fresh applications "Frontiersmen of the Faith," also of the Christian missionary spirit in by Edwin E. White, consists of stories the life of today. (Cloth, $1.00; of men and women who were pioneers paper, 60 cents.) of the Gospel on various frontiers in "New Paths for Old Purposes: North America. It is a fascinating World Challenges to Christianity in history of home missions written Our Generation" by Margaret E. primarily for intermediates. (Cloth, Burton, Executive Secretary, Educa- $1.00; paper, 60 cents.) tion and Research Division, National "Suggestions to Leaders" will be Board of the Young Women's Chris- issued for each oBhe above-mentioned tian Associations, shows the essentially books. (15 cents each.) missionary character of Christianity, "The Upward Climb: A Course in emphasizes the duty to apply the mis- Negro Achievement" by Sara Estelle sionary spirit to establish just condi- Haskin, Home Cultivation Secretary, tions in industry, race relations, Board of Missions, Methodist Epis- internationalism and all other rela- copal Church, South, is a biographical tions of life, and brings out the neces- course for juniors prepared as a re- sity for cooperation between East and sult of actual work with several West in the development of the Chris- groups of juniors, both white and tian Church of the future. This book Negro, led by teachers from Peabody which is full of concrete material is College and Scarritt Institute, Nash- 640 ville, Tenn. It ineludes worship serv- attractive books for children that has ices, programs, suggestions for inter- been published in recent years. It is raeial eooperation, .handwork, and a splendid home mission course for dramatization. mission band or church school use. Written by an author of great distinc- The three volumes of "The Better tion, the stories captivate boys and America Series ; Junior Home Mission girls of primary age and seem even Courses" are intended to provide a more popular with juniors. The scene three year curriculum of permanent of the book is a barn in a New Engvalue. The books may be used in any land village where a group of Ameridesired order. "Better Americans, can children build the homes and Number One," by Joyce C. Manuel. villages of children that they have met "Better Americans, Number Two," from Japan, China, the Philippines, by Mary DeBardeleben. "Better and Alaska. Beautifully bound and Americans. Number Three," by Her- illustrated with drawings and colored bert Wright Gates. (Cloth, 75 cents sketches, it is a book that every child each.) will love to own, a delightful present for birthday or Christmas. (Cloth, The Picture Map of North America, $1.25.) a large decorated map in outline accompanied by an insert sheet contain- No new Primary Picture Stories ing twenty-three sketches to color, cut will be published this year but the old standbys are just as useful as out, and paste on the map at the ever. Each consists of six large picplaces indicated, shows various types tures and pamphlet giving a story to of Christian work in America. It is tell about each picture. (50 cents each similar to the very popular Picture title.) Map of Latin America. (50 cents.) "Nine Home Mission Stories," for Picture Sheets printed in former teachers to tell to primary children, years will prove useful: "America is a collection of some of the most at Home," "Children of the City," popular stories from the Primary "Negro Neighbors," etc. These are Picture Story Series adapted for use each twelve-page folders consisting of without the pictures. This will prove pictures with eaptions. (25 cents per useful for week-day and vacation folder.) schools as well as Sunday-schools and missionary organizations. (Paper, 25 The following reading books for cents.) boys and girls are helpful for supplemental reading even if not specifically SEASONAL NOMADS related to the particular course being studied: "Uncle Sam's Family" by Students of underlying currents in Dorothy McConnell, (cloth, $1.00) American life recognize the gigantic "The Magic Box" by Anita B. Ferris, movement caused by the migration of (cloth, 65 cents; paper, 40 cents.) countless thousands of people. The "Stay-at-Home Journeys" by Agnes number, estimated roughly, is believed Wilson Osborne, (cloth, 60 cents; to be between two and three million, paper, 40 cents.) leading a nomadic life in the United States of America. The ehildren are "Indian Playmates of Navajo deprived of the inestimable advan- Land" by Ethel M. Baader, specialist tages which homes afford, their eduin primary methods, is a home mis- cation being neglected or at best, sion project course for primary desultory, the trend being downward. groups dealing with life among the Truly work among migrants is "a Navajo Indians. It includes notes for study in descending discords" and the teacher's background, worship must continue to be unless thinking services, stories, and suggestions for people recognize the menace which handwork and dramatizations. (Cloth, rapidly increasing migrant labor 75 cents.) " The World in a Barn" by Gertrude C. Warner is one of the most

TIlE MISSiO~ARY REVIEW oJ!' PIlE WORLb

surely means to this country as well South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, as to the migrants themselves. Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wyo- Because of circumstances, ignorance ming. and poverty often being root causes, "In 12 states it is not unlawful these migrants are caught in an eddy- to work children under 16 from 9 to ing current from which they do not 11 hours a day: Florida, Idaho, Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, New even seek escape. Owen R. Lovejoy has brought to our Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennattention the following facts: "Two sylvania, Rhode Island, South Carowidely diverse industrial phenomena lina, South Dakota, Texas.

appear. On one hand, complicated It has been the purpose of the Com- machinery moved by the giant tractGr mittee on Farm and Cannery Mi- has released the slower and less ef- grants of the Council of Women for ficient labor of the human "hand"; Home Missions to get at underlying and on the other, there has been a causes, to study problems of migration rapid growth of intensive processes and to build foundations for a work to be performed only by hand labor. which will, in a measure, not only Where formerly the farmer and his mitigate present privation and suf- family cultivated their own garden, fering but will help to educate the or best field, or potato patch, broad migrants themselves along the line of acres respond to the regimented toil choosing a settled abode and giving of gangs. The field boss walks among educational, moral and religious ad- the crouching files of men, women and vantages to their children.

children who own no stake either in Coordination of community effort the land or in the harvest, whose with emphasis on Christian ideals of homes are frequently temporary sheds, life and service, subordinating any and whose permanence of residence is denominational emphasis, will help in measured by the time it takes to get solving the problems of poverty, ilthe crop to the warehouse, the cannery literacy and child labor, problems to or the mill. kindle the imagination and present "There is an annual migration of tasks worthy of our highest devotion.

more than a million families with MARY EDITH P. OLIVER. their three million children of school age-a moving not only from one Give us, 0 God, the strength to build The city that hath stood state to an adjacent state, but for a thousand miles across the country, or Too long a dream, whose laws are love, even from southern Texas and Mexico Whose ways are brotherhood, to Colorado, Minnesota and Michigan and back again. The congestion in And where the sun that shineth is farm labor camps; the lack of God's grace for human good. privacy, comfort or sanitation; the – W. Russell Bowie.

long, hard hours of labor for tender hands and bent bodies and the lack March on, my soul, nor like a laggard of schooling or a fourth grade' educa- stay!

tion.' " March swiftly on. Yet err not from The National Child Labor Com- thy way mittee has reported that "in 18 states Where all the nobly wise of old have the law does not require a certificate trod- of physical fitness signed by an The path of faith made by the sons of authorized physician as a condition God.

for the employment of any child Follow and honor what the past has under 16 years of age: Arkansas, gained: Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, And forward still, that more may be Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Ne- attained.

vada, New Mexico, North Dakota, -Henry van Dyke.

FROM .MANY

ISLANDS OF THE SEA of the intermediate course for en- "Where Eaat and West Meet" trance. Frank S. Laubach, author of T HIS descriptive phrase is some- "The People of the Philippines," times used by those who wish to emphasize the missionary importance writes that the Roman Church "is of the Hawaiian Islands, which are also called "a nerve center with spending millions of pesos, building streams of influence reaching to !tIl the countries of the Orient. " The magnificent colleges, schools and dor- mitories, in an open effort 'to coun- teract the influence of the godless schools.' " .

Board of Home Missions of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, in reporting The "Y" in the Philippine.

on its work in the Islands, states that E STANTON TURNER, National there are thirty-three races repre- • Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. for sented in the public schools. Japa- the Philippine Islands as well as Gennese children, who predominate in all eral Secretary of the Manila Associathe schools, are said by the teachers tion, has been raising money in the to be their most obedient and respect- United States for his work. The Asful pupils. They are taught at home sociation is well established in Manila, to think of their teacher as a superior where the plant consists of three large person. The Japanese, however, are modern buildings, all IDeated on a not the most apt of the pupils. The twelve-acre plot of ground. One very best students of the many racial building is for students, there being groups are the Chinese-Hawaiians, 4,000 students in the University Df whom the teachers enthusiastically de- the Philippines; another for Filipino scribe as brilliant. There has been men; and the third for Americans much intermarriage between the and Europeans. The boys' work, re- Chinese and the native Hawaiians. cently developed, is growing rapidly.

Training Filipino Youth The combined membership of the city numbers approximately 6,000. A MISSIONARIES in the Philippines missionary comments in a denomina- report the rapid progress of edu- tional magazine: cation in general, and the way in There is a sharp clash between the Y.

which missionary institutions are en- M. C. A. and the Roman Church at the deavoring to keep pac~ with this present time. The" Y" is indeed fighting growth. Union Theological Seminary has added one year to its full for its life. The liberal Roman Catholics required course, making a six-year are on its side in large numbers. In an course following high schDol, though there is a shorter course for four effort to win the support of liberal Catholics the "Y" has stressed jts non-sectarian character and has thus alienated the sup- port of some Protestant missionaries.

years. Silliman Bible School now requires two years of high school for NORTH AMERICA entrance; and for two years Silliman Chinese Give for Flood Relief Institute has been graduating classes ONE of the most significant con- which have completed the full four tributions made to the funds for years for the bachelor's degree. The the sufferers in the Mississippi River English course in Ellinwood Bible floods came from the Chinese Students School for Girls requires completion Christian Association, which has a MS

membership of nearly three thousand an interested in organizing the Sunin the United States. President Cool- day-school inquired of a. neglected idge received a letter signed by Paul boy whether he would like to come C. Meng, General Secretary of the the following Sunday, and promised organization, which said in part: him a good time. He answered, "Many of us know by experience in "Will there be broncho busting Y" our own country what flood devasta- A rodeo was the only gathering he tion means. Our contribution is a had ever attended at which he was small sum, but it represents our sin- sure of a good time. However, she cere good will and best effort. We persuaded him to come and the folhave not forgotten America's assist- lowing day asked him what he thought ance to our people in past years in of the Sunday-school. "Fine," was time of famine." his reply. "I learned who God was. I had heard His name, but always Free Thinker.' Appeal Denied thought it was a swear word." RELIGIOUS training of public school children during school Student Volunteer Convention hours at churches selected by the parents was upheld May 10th by the SINCE the origin of the Student Court of Appeals of New York State. Volunteer Movement forty-one The court decided against the Free years ago, 11,218 of its members have Thinkers' Society, which sought to sailed for the foreign mission field. stop the school authorities of White Plains from dismissing pupils be- Of this number 406 were added last tween the ages of seven and fourteen year to the sailed list. For the quadyears for half an hour each week, rennial convention, which will be with the consent of their parents, held in Detroit from December 28ththat they might receive religious in- January 2d, the following objectives struction outside the school buildings. The court held that the school au- have been announced: thorities were acting well within the law and the State Constitution and 1. To visualize the world situation today sustained the judgment of the lower courts in declining to compel the State and especially to comprehend the new forces Commissioner of Education to suppress the practice complained of, and factors which have entered into it. which has become more or less statewide in its application since the con- 2. To discern all that is good in non· troversy started more than a year ago. The Free Thinkers' Society hopes to sCeheri.srteisauns cultures and at the same time to carry the case to the United States Christ anew as unique, supreme, Supreme Court. and necessary to the life of the world. A Sunday-.chool or a Rodeo 3. To see the task of making the whole ASUNDAY-SCHOOL was organ- ized in Meade County, South Da- world Christian as one having peculiar kota, by one of the missionaries from the Presbyterian Board of National urgency in our day and as calling for a Missions. Meade County is larger than the state of Rhode Island, in- sustaiued offering of lives that are highly cluding the water area of that state. The people are of good American talented and specially trained, lives above stock, but are isolated on their cattle ranches, and are for the most part all which have entered into a deep, personal without religious privileges. A wom- experience of G~d in Christ.

4. To understand what is involved in present·day missionary service in its mani· fold aspects and in particular to see the modern missionary as a colleague and fellow· servant with ~ll the Christians of other lands.

5. To open every area of our own lives to the lordship of Jesus, to commit ourselves to the task of bringing Hie Spirit to prevail in every aspect of onr modern national and international life and to make ourselves fnlly available to Him for the development of His world Kingdom.

Growth of "Hi-Y" Movement T HE growth of the Hi-Y movement in the publie junior and senior high schools of America has been the most striking development, in the

NEWS FROM MANY h,NDS

opinion of many observers, in the re- half acres on lUain Street, Northfield, cent history of the Young Men's between the Public Library and the Christian Association and affiliated Congregational church, only three· organizations. In two years Hi-Y quarters of a mile from the campus. membership has increased in this of Northfield Seminary. This first country around 60 per cent to a total house, which is being erected as a. exceeding 100,000. In the same pe- memorial to Mrs. Sally R. Tyler by riod it has extended into approxi- her two daughters, is to be ready for mately 1,900 new high schools, an occupancy in September, and $10,00() addition of about 80 per cent, bring- has been given for a second house. ing the total of schools where Hi-Y As fast as funds are provided, other clubs exist to about 4,200. One ()f cottages. will be built. A nominal every fifteen high school boys in the rental will be charged, sufficient United States is a Hi-Y member. In merely to keep the houses in repair the 19,442 public high schools of this and insured. country, the boy students number 1,386,578. The Hi-Y-the only high Need for Indian Leaders school Christian movement-has become the largest organization among H ENRY ROE CLOUD, himself a those which may be regarded as part distinguished product of Chrisof the worldwide youth movement, tian education for Indians, makes this from the standpoint of direct and statement of the need of his people active membership. for leadership: "The first effort, it seems to me, should be to give as State Negro Welfare Work many Indians as are able, all the edu- cation that the problem he faces THE State of North Carolina has clearly indicates he should have. started social welfare work for its This means all the education the Negro citizens through its State grammar schools, secondary schools Board of Charities and Public Wel- and colleges of the land can give him_ fare. During the first eighteen This is not any too much for the final months twenty counties have been equipment for the leaders of the race. organized for this work, an Indus- H we are to have leaders that wilf trial Home for Colored (delinquent) supply the disciplined mental power' Girls has been opened, a Training in our race development, they cannot School for Negro Boys, an orthopedic be merely elementary school. men. ward for crippled Negro children, They must be trained to grapple with and the first Public Welfare Institute these economic, educational, political, for Negro Workers has been held. religious and social problems. They Of the $65,000 raised $35,190 was must be men who will take up the contributed by Negroes, $15,000 from righteous cause among their people. other private sources, and $14,810 interpret civilization to their people, appropriated from public funds. and restore race confidence, race viril~ ity. Only by such leaders can race- Northfield's "Missionary Colony" segregation be overcome. Real segre- gation of the Indian consists in segre- ASEVEN-ROOM Colonial house is gation of thought, creed, in quality now being built on what is known of education." as "Spring Memorial Gardens." property which was given to the North- After Fifty Years in Alaska field Schools by Miss A. M. Spring for the purpose of establishing a DR. S. HALL YOUNG, who in "missionary colony"-a group of 1879 built and organized the first homes for the families of missionaries American church in Alaska, addressedon furlough or those who are in this the Presbyterian General Assembly country for a protracted stay. The on May 31st on the occasion of the property consists of seven and one fiftieth anniversary of Presbyterian 5

missioIlB in Alaska. After a tribute the minds and hearts of great masses to the pioneers of 1877, he said: of the Mexican people. 'l'hey are the crystallization in definite form of It fell to my lot to do the exploring of ideas which have been taking d"ep sontheastern Alaska and the establishing of root for the past fifteen or twenty .schools and missions among the 10,000 years. Take the Temperance Society, heathen natives inhabitating the southeast· for example, the head of which is .ern archipelago of Alaska. The work was Miss Ernestina Alvarado, a teacher unbelievably difficult. For seven years after in the government schools in Mexico we arrived, we had no protection of life or City. Miss Alvarado has been coopproperty, no courts, no magistrates, and no erating with the Government in its means of punishing crime. The natives efforts to put in courses on temperwere taught only evil by the soldiers who ance in the public schools. Dr. had been with them for ten years; among Andres Osuna has established such the evils, the art of making" hootch" from courses III eight states of the Remolasses. Other teachers and missionaries public. " soon followed and now southeastern Alaska may be named as completely covered, so Guatemala Mission Imitated far as mission work is concerned, by the lTesbyterian Church, one of our missions SOME of the methods of evangelbeing found in every principal tribe and ical missionaries which are being village in the Alexandrian archipelago. imitated by both religious and politi- cal authorities in Guatemala are thus LATIN AMERICA enumerated in a Presbyterian report: ,. We have seen Roman churches that A Mexiean Statement on Religion had been without church seats and piano for generations adopt them be- T HE acting Consul-General of ~Iex­ cause we· did so. Forty years ago ico to the United States issues the there was but one little monthly relifollowing statement: "There has gious paper in Guatemala; now there been no persecution in Mexico for re- are many, and that means reading, ligious beliefs at any time or in any thinking opinions, reform, Protesplace under the present Government. tantism. Before our hospital started This. is a matter of record. There there were no trained nurses and no bas been in the past the most cruel one knew what they were for. Since persecution for religious beliefs, in- then they have founded three nurse cluding burning at the stnke, but schools, but all three have failed bethese persecutions took place when the cause they eliminated the moral and H{)man Catholic Hierarchy was in spiritual element ….. The prospectus full power in Mexico. There have for an industrial college waa scarcely never been any such persecutions in the hands of the then authorities since they were deprived of their ab- till a large governmental industrial solute power and privileges. The school was projected and is now well people of the Unitcd States should under way, though it, too, has the deknow that as II matter of history the fect of the nurses' schooL" Ny of the Church when it fought to retain its special privileges was Leprosy in the West Indies • Down with tolerance!' " ACCORDING to the latest report Mexican Tempera.nce Society of the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association. "there are 3,000 REV. w. A. ROSS, D.D,. of the lepers in 1he British possessions in Evangelical ~eminary of Mexico, the We~t I Jlllies. of whom about 1,100 is quoted as follows in The Presby- are in the t('U institutions under govteriMI. Survey: '"There are growing ernment COlltl'Ol. Rigorous compulup in Mexico nGW some exceedingly sory segregation has been the rule in significant movement<; which, while the islands, bnt in spite of this the they ar,~ in some cases by-products of the worl.: of evangelical churches, lire -stin independent of them. 'rhe:se movements are the spontaneous ex- -pressions of what is now going on in

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

early cases are not found in the in- dians a considerable number of mu- stitutions. It is clear that if real tually unintelligible languages are progress is to be made in reducing spoken. Probably over one million the incidence of leprosy, the methods people live on the hanks of these . employed must be such as to ensure waterways, and the Bible Society col- that the early cases will be brought porteurs who use motor-boats and under treatment. …. The authorities rowboats, are the scouts, opening up in the West Indies are in a specially the country for organized Christian favorable position for dealing with work, which may follow in due time.

leprosy as the number of lepers is Recently Mr. Beckett reported that comparatively small, and there is two colporteurs working from, the every reason for hoping that if the launch sold 600 Bibles, 'Testaments, early cases can be persuaded to come and portions in one month.

forward and take treatment there should be very little leprosy left in Bradlian Anti-Protestants F these islands within fifteen years or ROM Southern Brazil Presbyso. " , terian missionaries report that the Bogota School tor Boys movement against Protestantism' 'has never before assumed such virulent T HIS institution, which is the only activity. " They describe a society Protestant school for boys in the whose members sign a promise: (1) capital city 'of Colombia, is one of That they will not read the Protestant the projects which are to benefit by Bible; (2) that they will accept no the campaign known as "Educational evangelical literature of any kind; Advance in South America." The (3) that they will never attend any total sum asked for land and equip- Protestant service, and they say" The ment for it is $150,000. The total priests and visitants appointed by enrollment is now 225, the student them see to it that the members keep body having more than doubled in their promise. To keep children the last three years. The School from our Sunday-schools they have offers a ten-year course of study, from started schools of their own, calmly the primary grade through three giving them our name 'Escolas Dom- years of high school work. English inicaes,' and they appeal to their is taught in every grade so well that people for funds to give each child students who come direct to the some candy and picture cards to se- United States on graduation find it cure their attendance. Several of easy to continue their education or go our women tell that they are visited into business. Students come chiefly constantly by the members of the from the artisan class and the upper Catholic women's societies who try to middle class, but the number of sons call them back into the church, a of leading citizens is growing rapidlY. thing they have never done before."

These boys will become leaders in government and business. EUROPE Testaments Mailed to Thinkers Colportage on the Amazon T Y. BECKETT is doing pioneer HE Scripture Gift Mission is send- ing by mail illustrated New Testa- J• work for the British and Foreign ments, in French and Italian, and the Bible Society on the bankil of the recently revised Gospel of St. John Amazon, that mighty river which is in Serbian, to carefully selected doc- navigable for ocean-going steamers tors, lawyers, schoolmasters, etc., in for a distance of 2,300 miles from its France, Italy and Jugo-Slavia. The mouth. Along the river banks are Testaments contain the following settlements of Indians, with a few message: Portuguese traders, the lingua frOJnCa This little book is ,sent to you by friends being Portuguese, but among the In- in England who have Proved"the inestimable

value of the Holy Scriptures, of which this are hard to find. Then again, many book forms a portion. They hope you will regions have seen neither a priest nor a pastor for ten years, owing to the read it and prove the truth which it reveals. ravages· of the war. Whole districts "These things are mitten that ye might be- seem to have lapsed into materialism. lieve that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of The people have become accustomed God, and that believing ye might have life through His Name." (John 20: 31.) An officer of the Mission states: to live without any mention of the "Our experience in connection with name of God. Their minds are obsimilar distribution of Testaments in sessed with earthly considerations and Czecho-Slovakia and other countries there is very great difficulty in interconvinces us that the postal service esting them sufficiently to induce brings the Word of God right into the them to buy even a portion of Scrip- homes of these people who are most ture. "

difficult to reach with the GospeL"

The Basel Mission Today Grea.t Britain's Drink Bill T R. G. B. WILSON, of the United- missionary societies are full of joy HE reports from aU the German M Kingdom Alliance, has issued his in being able to send out missionaries annual summary of this subject, again to the fields from which they which is quoted by the Christian In- had been excluded by the World War.

telligencer: ." He shows that in 1926, The Basel Mission Society has been in spite of industrial conditions, the able during the last year to resume an reduction in expenditure on alcoholic of its fields, although in a restricted drinks was only 4% per cent as com- way. Borneo has been added to its pared with the previous year. The work, as it has assumed this from the total spent was £301,300,000, against Rhenish Mission. The latest report £315,000,000 in 1925. The outlay per gives the number of stations in head of the population was £6 17s., Borneo as 11 with 5,385 converts and against £7 4s. in 1925. Taxation col- 16 missionaries. In China this So- lected by the trade from consumers of ciety has 17 stations and 13,821 Chris- drink amounted to £128,900,000, or tians of whom 658 were baptized last about 42% per cent of the total bill. year. There are 29 missionaries. In The consumption of absolute alcohol British North Borneo, which is con- was about 52,000,000 gallons, as com- ducted as a branch of the China Mis- pared with 54,000,000 in 1925 and sion, there is one station with 2,069 92,000,000 in 1913. About 80 per cent Christians. To India, 5 men mission- of the total was taken in beer, 14 per aries and 2 women were returned.

cent in spirits, and 6 per cent in wine and cider. The approximate AtlJ.ens School of Religion consumption per head was for Eng- T HE American Board School of Reland and Wales 1.26 gallons, Scotland ligion, founded in Turkey in 1863, 0.75 gallons, Great Britain 1.18 gal- reorganized in Constantinople in lons. " 1922, and removed to Old Phaleron, Materialism in Modern France Athens, in 1925, is described by John COLPORTAGE work in France is as Wright Buckham, who has been giv- . attended with peculiar difficulties, ing a course of lectures before it, "exceptionally an interracial, inter· in the opinion of certain organizations national and inter-communion theo- which are trying to carry it on. One logical school." Upon its faculty are of these reports: ,," T·herEf is. first the two Americans, Pres. Ernest Pye and difficulty of finding suitable men, in- Prof. George L. Marsh; an Armenian telligent, educated, 'plous, and filled trained in England, and a native with the spirit of sacrifice. French Greek, in communion with the Ortho- Protestantism suffered such frightful dox Church, who took graduate work losses during the ·war that· colporteurs in church history and religious edu~

lJJ27] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

cation at Union Seminary, New York. The fifty years' history of this Mission As special instructors, it has also the falls naturally into three periods. The first pastor of the Greek Evangelical fifteen years is a story of Homeric struggle, church of Athens; the superintendent against almost insuperable difficulties, a of the religious work of the refugee nighttime when only a star of hope ap· camps, an Armenian; and three peared. The second fifteen years is a chap- American women teachers. The stu- ter of amazing change, a transition from dent body totals twenty-four, and in- the bad old days towards a better Africa, cludes Armenian, Greek, Russian, and with brightening skies. The last twenty Turkish students. Of this number, years have been years of consolidation, or· seven are women, preparing for work ganization, and reaping, a period of sunrise. in religious education and in social service. Slaves in Portuguese Africa AFRICA A lVIElVIORANDUM written by Pro- fessor Schwarz, of Rh()des Uni- Cairo Students in Training versity College, Grahamstown, has been sent in to the Permanent Man- DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, of dates Commission of the League of the American University in Nations upon the slave-raiding prac- Cairo, describes the character training tices carried on by the Portuguese in gained by sophomores in giving Angola. The memorandum pleads health talks .in a neighboring village, that the boundary between Portuand continues: "The Moslem reli- guese Angola and the southwest Afrigious leader of the village was so im- can territory (mandated area under pressed that he gave a discourse on the Union of South Africa) should be Friday in the mosque cautioning the rectified, in order that the Ovambo villagers to drink from the wells in- nation be all included in Union terristead of from the canals. The reac- tory instead of being cut in two as. at tions upon our students were varied. present. It says: "Those dwelling For some of them, this was their first north of the line are now liable to be experience in sacrificial unselfish serv- seized for 'indentured labor' in the ice. The gulf between student and cocoa plantations of San Thome and fellah (peasant) was partly bridged. Principe-where they mostly die The human value of a fellow creature within the year-while those living began to appear. They gained a new south of the line are exempt under appreciation of the hardness of the the Pax Britannica. . . . The worst task of overcoming custom and super- horrors of the slave trade are still be- ing carried on."

stition in elevating the masses."

Ex-Cannibal. Give for Bibles L. M. S. Jilbilee in Africa. T HE British and Foreign Bible So- ciety now receives an annual con- H OW the Church Missionary So- tribution from the church in Lang- ciety founded its Uganda Mis- tang, northern Nigeria, a town of a sion fifty years ago in response to former cannibal tribe called Yergum. Stanley'S challenge was told in the About twenty years ago the Sudan June REVIEW. The Lake Tanganyika United Mission opened work among OMission of the London Missionary Society, which also is celebrating its these fierce, sturdy highlanders. In jubilee this year, was the answer of 1912 the Rev. H. J. and Mrs. Cooper English Congregationalists to the cry settled at Langtang and began study. for help, and their memorial to Liv- ing the language. First a little read· ingstone. For this reason the first ing.book was printed. Then came a station was founded at Ujiji, an Arab translation of St. Mark's Gospel pub. town on the east coast of the lake, lished by the Bible Society in 1917, where Stanley found the lost explorer. the first and, as yet, the only portion According to a writer in the !J. M. S. of Holy Scripture in the Yergum tongue. Ten years have passed. To· Chro-nicle,

day the Langtang Church numbers In the absence of any enumeration there only thirty baptized Christians, with are only guesses as to the size of the popuabout 200 adherents. Yet for several lation. " Itachette" for 1927 estimates it years it has sent annual subscriptions at 20,000,000. An Italian statistical publito the Bible Society. Mr. Cooper. says cation puts it at 5,000,000. It is probably that no contribution is more heartily between 9,000,000 and 14,0'0'0,000. The voted. And they give more than Government attaches the greatest impormoney. Already five of their number tance to the October census. Under the have settled as self-supporting farmer- Empire the central administration accepted missionaries to other pagan tribes. the unverified population reports of its functionaries. They were fuJI of errors and East African LaWDlaker. caused much confusion. The strength of the military forces was fixed without ever By AN ordinance of 1924, a system knowing the number of men capable of of local native councils was estab- bearing arms. The present government lished in the Kenya Colony region of wishes to know what the effectives are. It East Africa, and a lately-published realizes that good administration must be official report gives, interesting infor- based on exact information as to changes mation in regard to the beginnings of in population_ these councils, which have power to make laws, to levy taxes, and to con- Syrian S. S. Essay Contest trol local finance. The native tribes throughout' the Colony, it is an- THE Bible Lands Sunday-School nounced, have been quick to take ad- Union is helping its smaller schools vantage of the measure of local gov- by having a prize essay contest for ernment thus extended to them, Sunday-school workers in Syria and though some have found difficulty in Palestine_ The subject of the essay is grasping the details of administrative "The Sunday School with One procedure. "They do, however," says Teacher and Twenty-Five Pupils_" the report, "take a lively interest in The solution must be given in five their periodic meetings, which are of hundred words. The purpose is to the greatest value to the Government study the best plans to follow in oras media for the conveyance of native ganizing and conducting a school with aspirations. A universal desire for a twenty-five pupils, boys and girls, greater measure of medical attention with no adults and only one teacher. throughout the reserves and for edu- Papers will be sent to Rev. George R cation has been reflected in numerous Scherer, Beirut, Syria, Secretary of resolutions asking for government as- that Union. Three prizes are offered; sistance and voting money from local namely, books to the value of twenty, funds for the establishment of schools fifteen, a;nd ten Egyptian piasters reand hospitals, or for the payment of spectively. In each case these books salaries of dressers and teachers." are to be selected by the winner_ The aim of the Bible Lands Sunday-School THE NEAR EAST Union as stated in its by-laws is to "encourage and develop existing Sun- Turkey to Take a Census day-schools, to extend the movement to unoccupied territories, and to aid A REPORT from Sofia has appeared in all possible ways in the field of Re- in the New York Herald-Tribune ligious Education in Bible Lands." to the effect that Turkey is to take a census next fall, "the only real census Telephone Evangelism in Persia ever taken by a Turkish government." Writing of this undertaking HOW Abdul Hosein, a telephone and of the ill effects of the present operator, was won to Christ is uncertainty as to the present popula- told thus in the latest report from Tetion of the republic, IVL Verraz, La heran, Persia: "Our hospital steward Bulgarie Constantinople correspond- has formed the habit of making the ent, said recently: telephone acquaintance of the opera- tors at the central office, and each day as be uses the telephone he asks for their health and has a brief persoll'll

192/] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

conversation with the one who hap- Syriac Bible to any place that he pens to be on duty. This practice wished and he would translate it into made Abdul Hosein wish to under- Turkish and let the shopkeeper and stand what kind of people Christians the other men who were there comwere, and he began attending a group pare the translation with the Turkish meeting held by the steward. After Bible. The shopkeeper opened it and a few months he confessed his faith when the evangelist translated about and came before the session as an ap- two chapters the men were very much plicant for baptism. The note of his surprised to see how much alike the confession was unbounded joy at find- two versions were." ing Christ. He said he had never so much pleasure in his life as he had in Evangelistic Eft'ort in Mosul studying his New Testament." HE United Mission in Mesopo- For a United Church of Persia T tamia reported to the PresbyterIan General Assembly: "In Mosul a per- THE Anglican Bishop, Right Rev. sistent attempt has been made by the J. H. Linton of Isfahan, writes in missionary to use the numerous coffee shops as places for meeting the men The Living Church: "The Church in of all classes who daily gather there North Persia was fDunded as the re- and sit for hours. A circuit of twenty sult of the work of the American Pres- shops was worked, some of them being byterian Church; that in South Per- visited several times a week. The resia as the result of the work of the sults were highly encouraging. The Anglican Church. The consequence gradually growing interest in the is that these divisions of the Mother visitor led up to many a conversation Church were perpetuated in the Per- on the message of the Gospel. Scripsian Church. But the divisions do not tures were sold and copies of the exist in the thought of the Persian Bible parables and sermons were dis- Christians themselves, and they are tributed among those who asked fo1' getting together to see what can be them. Here again systematic attempts done to have one United Church of have been made to impress upon Persia. It is thought that while the Oriental Christians the duty and' organizations of both churches are in privilege of telling the Moslems about a fluid state the time is suitable to get Christ. Encouraging results have fol-· together and see whether it is not pos- lowed, and a spirit of evangelism is, sible to have one organization. . . . slowly being awakened among those· The unity of the Spirit exists. Is the who for centuries have not accounted! unity of the body also possible ? We a Moslem as a neighbor in the gospel go forward in hope and prayer." sense. "

Old and New Bibles in Persia INDIA AND SIAM WHEN the statement is made to Indian Movement for Unity Moslems that the Koran testifies to the truth of the Bible, they reply, HE Fellowship is the name of a says a missionary in West Persia, T new organization started in Calthat those statements referred to the cutta to combat communal and racial original Bible and not tD our present conflict. It has the support of many Bible. "Although there are other prominent citizens, among whom are good ways," he says, "of proving the Rabindranath Tagore, Lord Sinha, authenticity of our present Bible, the Sir J. C. Bose, Sir R. N. Mukerjee and way one of our Assyrian evangelists Dr. S. K. Datta, and its inaugural did it was rather novel. He went meeting was held March 22nd. The down to the shop in which a very an- initial statement made by The Felcient Syriac Bible was kept and took lowship reads: a modern Turkish Bible with him. He told the shopkeeper to open this old The time has come when something must be seriously done to combat the growing

racial and communal conflict that has be- I put it down to the influence of <lome a great menace to the cause of Indian Christ among the people. When I was young the feeling of the upper national unity and peaceful progress. The classes toward the lower classes was cnltivation of a spirit of reverence for all one of contempt and pity. Now there religions and cnltures and the cooperation is a change in outlook. I can only of members of different faiths and communi- put it down to the unseen influence of ties in pursuit of the universal religious our Lord. Take the welfare of chil- dren. And the cause ~ I can only put ideal of love of God and service of man it down to the effect of Christ. Hindu are the essential means by which the pres- women are studying in colleges and ent racial and communal conflict in the taking degrees. This is not merely the effect of civilization. No, no. It conntry may be rationally settled. We ap- is the influence of Christ '8 life upon peal to the representatives of different ..eligions and communities to join this Fel· us. " 10wship and strive together to fight the in- ·creasing conflicts of races, cultures, and Teligions that have been tearing up the ideal -of universal human brotherhood towards which the world has been aspiring for the Qast 100 years and more in modern history.

:Bishop Azariah Asks for Help From Criminal Tribe to Ministry SPEAKING at the annual meeting A1'IIERICAN Baptist missionaries in in London of the Church of Eng- ft South India are in charge of one land Zenana Missionary Society, the of those criminal tribes settlements, Indian Bishop of Dornakal said that in cooperation with the Government, the time .had come when Indian which constitute such interesting exwomen were ready to take a lead periments in character-building. Rev. among the women of their own land. S. D. Bawden writes of one result of In all that appertains to the welfare their work: of women and children they are taking their place, and they are taking It was a privilege today to have to write a their place also in the Church and in letter of introduction to the Ramapatnam the evangelization of their own peo- Theological Seminary for two of our Settle· ple. He pleaded with the Society to ment young people, Chella Venkatiah and send out trained evangelistic mission- his wife Chella J eevamoni, who were mar· aries who would be able, in their turn, ried about a year ago after completing their to train their Indian sisters. Bishop school work, and have been living in Azariah also referred to the "mass Bitragunta, and this last summer vacation movements." "People say to me, 'Is have been out in a village getting a little it safe to have all these people crowd- practical experience in village work. Their ing into the Christian Church, and names were in the list of those recently recan you deal with such numbers ade- leased from registration (as criminals), and quately ~' I can only say that this now they are starting to take the course in movement is of the Holy Ghost, and the Seminary with an idea of trying to we cannot stop it. I plead with you work for their own people. once more to send me workers." A VUlage Girl'. Witness Indian Tribute to Christ T HE following story has been told tT a meeting in South India re- by Sadhu Sundar Singh, to illus- 1"l. ferred to by Dr>.yanodaya" the trate "the difference between know- Indian Christian chairman, a distin- ing about Jesus and knowing Him": guished-looking, white-haired land- About three years ago a little girl owner, paid the following tribute to thirteen years of age was going from the influence of Christ: "Our Indian her village to another when she was world is changing. In this district met by a Lama who said to her, "Your every wedding was announced by a father has become a Christian and procession of dancing-girls and by a that is, I suppose, why you are a nautch party. Now there is a dis- Christian too." She replied, "A tinct aversion to such entertainment. Christian Sadhu came to our village to tell of Christ. My family has be- cOme Christian. I am a Christian be- cause I know from my own experience that Christ is my Saviour." The

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Lama seized her and shut her up in a Brahmins Ask lor Preaching dark room with the door locked for twenty-four hours without food or DR. J. M. BAKER, American Bap- water. At the end of the twenty-four tist missionary, reports as fol- hours the Lama thought she would lows on an evangelistic tour from ask to be freed. To his great amaze- Ongole, South India: "The Brahmins ment he found her singing. He shut are beginning to show more than her up for three days more without casual interest. Several young, well- food or water. When he opened the educated men came for heart-to-heart door this time he didn't find her sing- talks. At one camp we had gone at ing, but she was on her knees in a night to the Christian hamlet (Jf the corner of the room talking to some- village and were returning about ten body. He could see her lips moving o'clock to the tents when some of the but her eyes were shut. He began to preachers were waylaid by a large listen to what she was saying: "Lord, company of Brahmins and almost I thank Thee for this honour of suf- compelled to come to their quarters fering for Thee. Lord, forgive that for a service. They said, , You Chris- Lama. Open his spiritual eyes that tians do not come to us but you go he may see Thy glory." The Lama to all others.' It was in the early burst into tears and taking off his morning hours before the preachers turban he laid it at her feet and said, were allowed to go to their rest. In "I am like your grandfather in age another place a group of the leading but today you have become my gl~ru Brahmins of a large place came to (religious teacher). " the tent and requested a long confer- ence on religious questions. They Slaves Freed in Baluchistan were yery reverent throughout, and when they went away they acknowl- I T HAS been announced through edged that a new vision had come to the League of Nations that the ac- them. " tion taken against slavery in Nepal and in the (Jutlying parts (Jf Burma Training SiaDlese Nurses is being followed by abolition in the State of Kalat in Baluchistan. As T HE "McCormick Training School one newspaper correspondent puts it: for Nurses, in Chiengmai, Siam, «The Khan of Kalat for some time now in its fourth year, is attracting past has been anxious t<J perform a well-educated young women from the good deed, and, inspired by the Brit- better families in Siam. Of the six ish political officer at his court, de- student nurses and two graduates, six cided to realize his desire by liberat- are Christians educated in the mis- ing all the slaves in his dominions." sion schools. One of the remaining Some of the tribal chiefs immediately two is a princess, the granddaughter supported him, but others in the more (Jf the Prince of Chiengmai. The remote parts of the state at first made other is the daughter of a nobleman objections. They soon abandoned in Bangkok. Miss Agnes L. Barland, their opposition, however, and the the nurse in charge of the hospital, Khan issued a proclamation abolish- says of them: "All are normal, fun- ing private property in male and fe- loving young people, with a very real male slaves throughout his state. interest in serving Siam, and in mak- Slaves who wish to remain with their ing the world a better place in which masters may do so, but on wages. to live." Slavery under which families could . be sold apart has existed from very CHINA ancient times in Kalat, and the slaves have been so completely the property Oampaign lor Social Reforms of their owners that almost any kind of treatment could be given them THE Bulletin published by the without fear of consequences. National Christian Council of China reports" a threefold campaign against gambling, prostitution, and

concubinage, which, inaugurated at port from the Rev. Chester B. Rape to the suggestion of a Chinese friend of the Methodist Board of Foreign Mis" the Council who made it financially sions in which he says: possible, extended to no less than nineteen provinces." The editor eon- Before we left we had several meetings tinues: "Reports have come in from with our Chinese Christian leaders, in which fifty-six places, and we have reason to the various phases of our work were conhope that the effort has not been with- sidered. It was a great joy to see the way out some real influence in creating a in which they got under the heavy responsibetter public opinion and in helping bilities. . . . We have had letters from individuals to overcome these evils in Chungking which state that the schools had their own lives and in the community. opened after the Chinese New Yeur and the Churches, schools, Y. lH. C. A's, labor enrolment was almost normal. The greatest groups, business men and others difficulty was lack of funds, and in the joined in these demonstrations, no less Chungking High School the faculty had than thirty-six of the groups being voted to reduce their own salaries in order outside distinctively Christian cir- to have money to meet the running expenses cles. " of the institution.

AA Revival in Chihli Dr. Sun's Son on Christian Colleges MIGHTY revival has been sweep- ing over the district around APPROVAL of missionary educa- Tamingfu, in the province of Chihli, tional work in China and a desire where the Church of the Nazarene is for its continuation is voiced by Sun working. Rev. A. J. Smith writes of Fo, son of the late Dr. Sun Yat Sen, it: "It is the most marvelous outpour- in a letter received by Dr. Charles K. ing of the Spirit's power that we have Edmunds, American director of Lingever witnessed in China, and I have nan University, formerly known as never seen its equal in America. The Canton Christian College. :Jrr. Sun revival came about through many Fo is Mayor of Canton, and :JIinister days and nights of prayer to God for of Communications in the Nationalist souls. As a result, there have been, Government. In his letter be says: during the past six months, thousands of confessions of sins in I take pleasure in expressing to you my practically every part of the district. sincere appreciation for the splendid worl< Though we missionaries have left our that the Canton Christian College, now stati{)ns and are in Tientsin, the work called Lingnan University, has done and is is going on even better than when the continuously doing for the advancement of missionaries were here." modern education in China. American help to Chinese educational enterprise is always One Chinese brother writes in a welcome provided that it is subject to very encouraging way of forty men Chinese control and consistent with Chinese and nineteen women who have recent- educational policy and national aspirations. ly presented themselves for baptism. The maintenance of institutions like the Lingnan Uni,ersity as an institution of Chungking Christian.. Carry On higher learning under Christian influences aud international auspices would be most THE work of Christian churches is helpful to China in her Il'reat struggle for going on among the 7,000,000 national freedom and independence. Chinese of Chungking West China Conference, despite the withdrawal of Chinese Mission Funds all Methodist missionaries to Shanghai and other safety posts. The Chinese MEMBERS of Congregational Christian pastors, teachers and doctors churches in Canton are raising are themselves carrying on the varied a fund t{) take over the missionary church activities, according to a re- work of that province, formerly under the American Board. They undertook a goal of $100,000, and have now in- creased it to $150,000. Large sums. have been raised among the Congrega- tional Chinese in the United States to assist in the work of evangelization and church building in the Canton district. Rev. Y. S. Tom, who grew up

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

in the Berkeley Chinese Mission, while all were given gospel and religious he went through the University of tracts. Some came asking for the California and Pacific School of Re- Scripture tracts. All outside Tibetans ligion, and who has since been a pro- whO' come to the school are presented fessor in the Union Theological with tracts. In this way some of the Seminary in Canton, is coming to the reputed murderers of Dr. Shelton United States in August to promote have been entertained in the home or the interest of the Chinese resident in the schooL" here in this new responsibility taken over from the American Board, and JAPAN.KOREA to enlist their enlarged support.-Thc Congregationalist. T.he Guspel Still "G.od News"

Outlook for the Two "y." MISS JESSIE RIKER, of the American Presbyterian Mission ALL reports received from China by in Yamada, Japan, writes of some of the Foreign Committee ()f the Y. the channels through which the gospel M. C. A. indicate that every Associa- story reaches the people: "Christian tion is still open, and that of forty literature is used regularly in the American secretaries on the field, only kindergarten families and for all ten have had to leave their usual posts. English students and chance callers. The National Committee of the Y. M. Literature also forms a bond with the C. A. '8 of ChIna have recently placed occasional visitor, such as the group new Chinese student secretaries at of five young farmers from a dozen Yunnanfu, Nanking, Tsinan, Tientsin, miles away who came in to say that, Taiyuan, Canton, and Changsha. A as no Christian teaching ever came to letter from one secretary says: their village, they had come to town seeking it for themselves. They sat Red agitators have stood at our front and listened hour upon hour until door and preached against the Y. M. C. A. both missionary and pastor were exand Christianity, but so far as we can see hausted, though the gospel story was it has done us no harm. There are fully still fresh and so apparently were the twice as many young men coming to our young men." building now as at any time in the past.

Similarly, the Y. W. C. A. is in the Evangelizing Ja.panese Villages hands of Chinese women under an independent Chinese National Com- REMINDERS come from many mittee composed of thirty-five mem- sources that Japan is by no means bers, of whom all but three or four are evangelized. S. M. Erickson of the Chinese. Of the 116 secretaries in Southern Presbyterian Mission writes: various Association centers, more than "Farmers and fishermen and factoryhalf are Chinese. workers are still untouched. It will require a hundred years to take the Tracts for Tibetan TaxpaYers Gospel to the countryside. Several of our missionaries devote most of their FROM Batang, China, on the Tibet- time to visiting country villages. an border, famous in missionary Wherever the car stops a crowd apannals as the field of the martyred Dr. pears to spring from the earth, and a Shelton, one of the Disciples mission- skilful leader will soon, have them aries writes: "This month will go singing lustily. Gradually, gradually, down in the history of the city as the people are beginning to form an witnessing the gathering of repre- idea of what it is about, and 2,200 sentatives of every tribe in several children have written to one misdays' journey in each direction to pay sionary, Dr. Moore, asking f.or more taxes. Probably a third of the hun- literature. Here and there young dred who gathered here came to our people are beginning to walk from home or the school. Some few were their villages to the nearest chapel. entertained with Victr()la music while When the 'Gospel Car' appears, chil-

dren from far down the road run I was all smothered up inside because wildly forth to meet it. Sometimes a I could not read my Bible and hymns; procession of fifty walks along spell- and now I can read God's Word all ing out tracts at the top of their right, and I am cool and refreshed voices. It is a problem to sup'ply inside. " tracts that can be readily understood." Tribute to Korean Christian A Covenant for a New Doshisha LETTERS from Seoul describe a remarkable tribute which followed EVERY year, on the anniversary the funeral services in the Y. M. C. A. of the death"of Joseph Neesima, building for Yi Sang Choi, 'grand old a sunrise service is held at his grave man of Korea,' as he was known. As on Mount Nyakoji by Doshisha stu- religious work director for the Seoul dents and teachers. At the service this Association, and in other activities as year, to which three hundred came, a leader, he had gained lin extraorscores of students made earnest dinary place in the affections of prayers, and then says The Missionary young men and of the public in gen- H era1d, Professor Nakajima read "A eral. The funeral cortege passed Covenant for the Creation of a New through streets lined by throngs. The Doshisha," which was signed by every Korean boy scouts headed the proone present. The Covenant set forth cession, and deputations from the the purpose for which Doshisha had schools of the city followed. Bearers been founded, the changing conditions of three hundred 'and more black-ana.- now surrounding it, and a purpose for white banners represented cities and its future, as follows: organizations in Korea. Boys of the Y. M. C. A. bore a red triangle ban- The mission of the new Doshisha is to ner veiled in black. The troop of produce leaders of a new generation. For eight hundred pallbearers swelled to this purpose, we must arouse ourselves and twice that number as the procession master the essence of the Doshisha spirit. moved on, drawing in women as well '" e mUQt abandon without hesitation those as men. At the conclusion of the things which ought to be thrown awav in old march, thousands gathered in a public Doshisha and willingly bury those' things memorial service. which ought to be buried. Being completely regenerated and renewed, we must make a AKorean Woman Soul-Winner new start, and, changing our minds and rE)- LITTLE old Bible woman in ~reshing our faith, we must resolve to build Pyengyang, Korea, was so eager a new Doshisha. This is to be the Doshisha to do Christian work that she said she Restoration-a spiritual revolutiou. could live on $2.50 a month, and Miss Louise Hayes, of the Presbyterian Grandmothers as Bible Students lIfission employed her at that rate for three months. During that time she FRESH testimony to the joy with visited and preached to 370 non- which Koreans study their Bibles Christians, and called on forty-three Christians who were sick. She recomes from Mrs. Roy K. Smith in ported twenty-three conversions. Soon Chairyung, who says that one old lady afterward, the little church in which who came in for the first time tried so she bad been working voted to hard and faithfully, it seemed a shame organize a missionary society. They to discourage her with an average" of had seen how necessary it was to have 28, but she went all around showing someone working in the district, and her "failure card," saying, "See decided to raise money to carry it on that; isn't it wonderful? When I themselves. 'fhe church is located in came I knew nothing. and now I know a village of thirty or forty houses, in to the extent of 28." Certainly the a farming country, and reaches the first fruits of knowledge are sweet. Another old g-randmother said, "They all told me, 'It's no use for you to try to read, you'll just have to go to heaven by faith without works.' But

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

peQple fQr several miles in each direc- Hithert,o, English, French and GertiQn. There are ,only about a hundred man have been used as official lanmembers in the church, but they have guages of the meetings. Esperanto a nice brick building, erected by ,one has been largely carried ,on in the ,of their number, and a little church United States by the International schQQl. They cannQt affQrd tQ have a Auxiliary Language Ass,ociati,on.- pastQr, but share half time with an- American Friend. ,other church so they have a pastQr every ,other Sunday. The Boys of the World GENERAL MORE b,oys are b,orn every day than there are Y. M. C. A. bQy mem- The Religions of the World bers thr,ough,out the world. E. M. Robinson, head of the boys' w,ork ACCORDING tQ statistics qUQted in staff of the Y. M. C. A. World Com- the Outlook, which dQes nQt in- mittee, P,oints this ,out in emphasizing dicate their SQurce, the tQtal PQPula- the need f,or larger service by organitiQn ,of the glQbe is approximately 1,- zati,ons serving boyho,od and youth. 817,302,000 SQuls. These are divided Of the approximately 1,550,000 accQrding tQ religiQus faith in the w,orld-wide Y. M. C. A. membership, fQllQwing categQries: s,ome 450,000 are b,oys. The b,oy P,oP- ulation of the WQrld, he states, MQhammedans ……… 227,549,000 includes m,ore than 20,000,000 Mo- Hindus …. '. . . . . . . . . .. 215,512,000 hammedans, scattered in more than CQnfucianists and Taoists 310,715,000 twenty countries; 90,000,000 b,oys in Buddhists …………. 140,047,000 Asia, more than half the boy popula- Shintoists …………. 20,150,000 tion of the w,orld; 19,000,000 Negr,o Animists ………….. 161,272,000 b,oys, ,of wh,om more than 1,000,000 Jews …………….. 15,557,000 are in N,orth America; 64,000,000 MiscellaneQus . . . . . . . . .. 100,000,000 Caucasian boys, among whom 17,000,- 000 are classed as Pr,otestant, 12,000,- There are 639,000,000 Christians in- 000 as Orth,od,ox (all fQrms), and cluding all branches ,of the faith 27,000,000 as R,oman CathQlics. thrQughQut ChristendQm, ,of which the main divisi,ons are: Esperanto Bible Sales RQman Cath,olics …… 301,645,808 THE January RI'J'VIEW called atten- E a s t ern OrthQd{)x tion to the importance ,of the fact that the translator ,of the Old Testa- Churches ……….. 125,575,688 ment into Esperanto, the late Dr. PrQtestants ……….. 181,259,655 Zamenbach, a Jew, was himself the inventor of that internatiQnal lan- Esperanto as Y. W. C. A. Language guage. It was prQphesied that be- cause ,of this the EsperantQ Bible T HE need ,of a universal language would be read by many Jews and fQr the Y. W. C. A. W,orld CQm- other non-Christians. H,oW that mittee meetings has prQmpted the prophecy is being fulfilled is indi- YQung WQmen's Christian AssQcia- cated as fQllQWS by The Bible in the tiQn tQ urge that their internatiQnal World: representatives stu d y Esperant,o. Since WQmen delegates frQm AssQcia- Some Jews have applied for copies of the tiQns in all parts ,of the wQrld attend, Old Testament alone. Wben informed that this prQPQsal has stimulated the study it could only be had atong with the New, ,of a c,ommQn language. At the last they have gladly consented to buy the entire session Y. W. C. A. delegates repre- Bible. A Zionist official, described as "a sented c,ountries using m,ore than Hebrew of the Hebrews," purchased a copy twenty-five languages. It is hoped tQ which he proudly showed at a recent Con· f,orm an Esperant,o gr,oup at the next gress. One Rabbi present objected to the 1928 meeting in Eur,ope, d,oing away Christian Testament being bound up with with the necessity f,or interpreters. the Jewish sacred writings; but the pur-

chaser at once defended the Book as it stood. the tropical thunderstorms of Central Other appreciations come from workers in Africa, and the sultry heat of the the Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Holland and sweltering plains of India. They are Russia. The advertisement of the Universal exposed to the attacks of wild animals, Esperanto Association refers to this Bible and frequently their lives are in as La p!ej universala libra en la universala danger from tigers, snakes, and croco- Ungvo! (The most universal book in the uni- diles. They are often assaulted, vCI·sal language). stripped, beaten, and robbed of every- thing. They have to endure the at- Colporteurs "Endure Hardness" tacks of infuriated crowds, to stand by while the Scriptures are burned in THE National Bible Society of a bonfire, to listen to every form of Scotland presents in its report for cursing and. abuse hurled at their 1926 this summary of the hardships heads and to 'receive without a murwhich its colporteurs undergo for mur showers of stones, bricks, and Christ's sake: ' 'They have to face filth thrown at them." the wild storms of the Northern regions, the shadeless glare of Arabia, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ON PAGE 533 1. By Dr. Clara Swain of the Methodist Mission at Bareilly, India.

2. On September 7, 1807, Robert Morrison landed at Macao, China.

3. Samson Occom the famous Mohegan Indian preacher of New England.

4. The false joint formed in his arm as a result of his famous en- counter with a lion in Africa.

5. The manuscript of his translation of the Burmese Bible done up in a covering too poor and mean to attract the attention of his jailors.

6. John Coleridge Patteson, "Martyr-bishop of Melanesia."

7. Hannah Shepherd Marshman, wife of Joshua Marshman, William Carey's colleague in the Serampore Mission.

S. At Vancouver on September 28, 1834, by the Rev. Jason Lee, pioneer Methodist missionary.

9. In Madagascar during _the reign of the wicked queen, Rana- valona I.

10. Dr. Mary Pierson Eddy, Presbyterian missionary to Syria.

11. At the end of his Indian grammar, on the completion of his arduous task.

12. Bishop William Taylor of the Methodist Church, called "The Flaming Torch.' I ] 3. The BhOnisch-Stach family.

14. The church at Hilo, Hawaiian Islands, Titus Coan, missionary of the American Board, pastor.

15. John Theodosius Vanderkemp.

16. King Khama, Christian ruler of the Bamangwato, Bechuana- land, South Africa. .

17. Melinda Rankin, " Apostle of Mexico."

18. St. Patrick, "Apostle of Ireland."

19. Columba of Iona.

20. On tle last Lord '8 Day of the eighteenth century-December 2S, 1800. '0 0 ' 'ikhJ" &tki ~ &&ii' auo 0'UtJ DUO"

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us Oil receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Faith, Fancies and Fetich or Yoruba Pa- dinary in its complexity and bulk, ganism. Stephen S. Farrow. 180 pp. 7s and could not have been achieved by 6d. London. 1926. any other than a scholar, a linguist, and an acceptable friend of the Afri- This book is a thesis approved for can. Its uses will be most appreciated, the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in doubtless, by the missionary and the the University of Edinburgh. In writ- student, and in time to come, when ing it the author has "relied mainly the religious lore of the Yoruba tribes on his personal investigations during shall have been overlaid by new ways his missionary career, but has used of thinking and of speaking, the the writings of others for the purpose Yoruba themselves will be glad of such of illustration and amplification." records as these, preserved by their friends before it is too late. Dr. R R ~Iarrett, of Oxford, notes in his foreword that he is glad to meet Appendices of great value deal with with a study of West African religion ancient Yoruba religious poetry and that while frankly adopting the stand- with modern Yoruba hymns.-J. K. M. point of a Christian missionary yet strives to do full and impartial justice to the facts. A Straight Way Toward Tomorrow. Mary The success of this effort is the Schauftler Platt. 12mo. 224 pp. 50 value of the book. It is admirably cents. Cambridge, Mass. 1927.

written; it is not dry, as it might "Make the world safe for ehildren"

well have been. More than a few is a slogan that, if put into practiee, thrilling human doeuments enliven it, would make the world safe for all. it is rich in proverbs and ballads- JliIrs. Platt, who has been a mission- and I say ballads advisedly for the ary in Persia and has had rich ex- legend translated on p. 135 is a true perience with children there and in Lallad with a marked resemblance to America, is also author of "The Child Scotch ballads of the more primitive in the Midst." In this volume, she type. These and much of the detail calls earnestly on the Christian women of the religious life of the Yoruba, and of the world to oppose all forces and the wealth of occult lore, will appeal influences destructive of children- to that wide public which is interested war, child-labor, ignorance, disregard in African culture. of rules of physical, moral and The author's analysis of the virtues spiritual health, and irreligion-and and the evils of the Yoruba system to make use of constructive forcesand his analysis of the object and such as good homes, good training, method of missio::ts should be of very health programs, benevolent organiza- .

general interest. But the fundamental tions, protective legislation, Christian value of the book is in its intensive education and a personal knowledge study of the objects of worship and of God-to save children today and the belief of the Yoruba, the modes help them to become the strong, in- of worship, the cult of the super- telligent and Christlike leaders of to- natural, and the Yoruba philosophy morrow. The whole volume is a study of the soul of man and its destiny. of these contending forces and how 'l'his is a most painstaking as- they may be used to best advantage.

semblage of such material, extraor- It is an excellent mission book for use 559 among the women of our churches. River, where, in a short time, they Mrs. Platt gives an abundance of in- were joined by their devoted wives.

formation in regard to children and One reads with deep sorrow of the the influences that surround them in death of Mrs. Kulp after a few short all lands and in all religions and tells weeks in the new land-reminding us of the agencies that are working for vividly that missionary service in their betterment. The Way of Christ Africa still demands its toll of those is pointed out as the Way of love and who brave its dangers; though victory. modern science, careful preparation, In Sunny Nigeria. Albert D. Helser. 188 and wise precaution greatly reduce pp. $1.50. New York. 1926. these dangers.

New books describing pioneer mis- The selection of a suitable site for sionary service are uncommon in these a new station, the building of the days, and one rarely sees a modern houses, the problem of language study, work giving the experiences and the first attempts to preach the Word thoughts of those who are pressing out of God, the first school, the healing into new fields. Africa, the last ex- of the sick, the planting of the plored of all the continents, still offers such opportunities, and one of the gardens, are all described, together most inviting was brought to the at- with interesting glimpses of the Bum tention of 4merican missions a few years ago by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, people and their life and customs who led a commission to the West which are largely unaffected by civili- Coast of Africa in 1920. Dr. Jones, in his report on "Education in zation of other lands. Africa" (Phelps-Stokes Fund, pages We hope that these studies will be 94-1,78) described the conditions in Northeastern Nigeria, where Moham- continued, so that the added years medanism is gaining ground rapidly, will produce an authoritative book as perhaps the most critical point of upon the people of Bura land, in opportunity, with a special need of a which this young but vigorous and first-class teacher training institution. rapidly growing mission will, with- out doubt, produce marked changes and great advancement through the influence of their present and future centers.-T. s. D.

The Church of the Brethren, with India in 1925-26. .T. Coatman. 8vo. 46:'; headquarters at Elgin, Ill., took up pp. 38 3d. Central Publleation Brancb, the challenge and sent Albert D. Government of India. Caleutta, Indi:!.

Helser and Stover H. Kulp to the 1926.

field. This book tells of their ex- This comprehensive statement, pre- periences and it should be read by sented to the British Parliament, was those who wish to understand what it prepared by the Indian Government means to penetrate far into the in- Director of Public Information. It terior of a great land, and attempt contains a large amount of reliable there to set up the Banner of the information in regard to India, to- Christ. gether with maps, diagrams, charts Humor, pathos, anecdote, informa- and pictures. The main body of the tion, all are found in this intimate book is devoted to reports of the record of experience and observation various matters relating to the govern- in a strange land and among strange ment and people of India, discussed people. The enterprise was under- at various legislative assemblies, the taken with care. The men were relation of the people of India to selected wisely, and prepared Great Britain, to their neighbors and thoroughly in America and England to various domestic pr()blems. The for their varied tasks. appendices are, for the most part, They entered Nigeria in 1922, ex- taken up"with speeches on Indian af- plored the country and located their fairs. There is an immense amount station at Garkida on the Hawal of information scattered through the

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1927

M.p of the Vganda Protectorate and Surrounding Territor-ie-a

HARTFORD Five Ways to Use Money SEMINARY FOUNDATION 1. Hoard it like a miser. Theological Seminary 2. Spend it on self. School of Religious Education 3. Give it away during one's life. Kennedy School of Missions 4. Distribute it by will. S. Invest it in Life Annuity Contracts. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President To hoard it will not bring real happiness A UNIVERSITY of religion. Three separate to either yourself or others; to spend it on schools of Christian training gro.uped on one self will produce a selfish and narrow ,har- campus, The Theological Seminary trains for acter; to give it away during one's life may the ministry i the School of Missions tor the mean want in old age; to distribute it by foreign field; the School of Religious Education will is to take a chaoce on having one's wishes thwarted after death and to lose the tor the lay worker a.nd teacher and for social joy which always accompanies giving.

service, Courses in any of the three Bchools But an investment in a Life Annuity Con- are open to all students. ThuB ()PP{lrtuDity is tract contains the good qualities 0 f aJl these of'fered for full-rounded reIigiollB education. methods and overcomes the obj ections raised to each. One's money is doing good, thus Hartford Seminary Foundation is located in bringing joy to himself and others. His the center of the jntel1ectual and cultural life generosity does not endanger his income dur- of New England, ha.lf way between Boston and ing old age for a liberal rate of annuity is New York. paid during life and as the whole transaction is completed before death, he is his own A serjes of handsome and weU..appointed executor and thus can be sure of having his buildings makes its campus one of the most wishes carried out. beautiful in its section of the country. The Case, Memorial Library containing 125,000 volumes is Let us send you coml'lete information for the use of the three schools. This is one of about the Life Annuity Contracts issued by the richest theological librafles in the country. the Institute. Address The faculty is composed of twenty· eight scholarly THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE I men and women who have attained distinction In. their respective tlelds. Box Y6, 153 Institute Place, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS I HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Hartford, Connecticut 1 Pioneering for Christ Give While in the Sudan You Live By MISS JOHANNA VEENSTRA AND AT THE SAME TIME with the United Sudan Mission. INCREASE YOUR INCOME Don't fail to get this book, telling of ANNUITY AGREEMENTS the call to the work and the experience~ of Miss Veenstra, missionary PROVIDE THE METHOD among the wild tribes of Africa. More interesting than fiction. Write for information to, Morris W. Ebne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreigll This book has twenty~five illustrations of peoples and animals with MiniOlls of the Methodist Episeop~) Church. J50 which the author came in contact dur- Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y .. or ing her stay in the heart of Africa. W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mi,- Older folks, young people and chiI- sion. and Church Extension of the Methodist E:piscodren all enjoy this book. pal Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Bound in silk cloth with beautifully designed cover.

Postpaid $2.00 SMITTER BOOK COMPANY 513 Eastern Avenue GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Please. mention THE MISSIONARY REVl]JW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE-MISSIONARY MAP OF FIFTY YEARS IN UOANDA EDITORIALS •.•………………………………………………….. 405 CHINESE MISSIONS IN THE BALANCE SUFFERERS IN THE MISSISSIPPI }'LOOD WHAT Is YOUR SC'ORE~ FIFTY YEAru:: IN UGANDA ………………………… R. ETHEL DOGGETT 411 A ,.ceord of the "Ilmarkable progress during the half century since Henry M.

Stanley first called for Christian missions to the Baganda.

TOURING WITH CHRIST IN ARABIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAUL W. HARRISON 419 Inte,.esting, personal experiences of a medical missiona,ry in the work of healing and teaahing among fanatical Moslems.

PIONEERING IN FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRIOA ., .' .. FLORENCE N. GRIBBLE 423 An account of the needs .net and the diffirmlties encountered in establishing missianary work in French Cameroun oountry of Western Africa.

A' CHINESE MAIL CARRIER …………………………… &lBERT GILLIES 428 NOMAD WORKERS IN AMERICA . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOUISE F. SHIELDS 429 A. very illuminating study of the migrant workers in the United States, their temptations and trials, the opportunities for work among them and what is being done by Christian Churches.

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO THE JE:WS …………. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 439 A. glimpse of Sotne of the high lights of the recent {)onference of Christian worker'S among the Jews held at B!Ld.apest, Hun,gary.

INDIA'S NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . E. D. LUCAS 444 A. brief story of a recent meeting of the Cou",,,;l that represents all of tht; Chris- tian forces at work in India.

A CONFERENCE IN MADAGASCAR ……………………. M. A. HELLA.ND 446 The story of what happened when the various missionary sooieties working in the IslaM of Madagascar came together for an exoha"'ge of ideas.

THE WORD OF GOD AS A MISSIONARy ………….. ARTHUR T. PIERSON 448 THE PROGRESS OF ,CIlURCHES IN AMERICA FOR 1926 ….. R. K. CARROLL 449 BEST METHODS-How To, NOT How NOT To . . . . . . MRS. CLAYTON D. EUL:ElTTE 451 THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY E,LLA D. MACLAURIN 457 THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN … EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 460 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ••……………………………….. – ….. 463 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 478 TERMS; $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clnbs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Wm. I. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer publication Ollie., 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Ollie., 156 I!'ltth Avenue. Pa.. 250 a copy. $2.50 a year. New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post Ollie•• Harrisburg, Pa., under Act or March 8. 1879. PERSONALS REV. J. KINGSLEY BIRGE, formerly eon· A Northfield in Asia neeted with the International College at Smyrna, has been called to Constantinople to A Committee of cooperate with Dr. MacCallum in the publi· American Missionaries cation work or the American Board in Turkey. desires correspondence with some Christian man or woman with suffi- MR. EUGENE OREN, the Foreign Minister cient consecrated wealth to lay the of the Cantonese Government, was born in foundations of an educational and Trinidad, West Indies. His mother, a Chi· evangelical nese, still lives in San Fernando. He mar· ried a ,Creole of Port of Spain and has two Northfield in Asia daughters and a son. Mr. Chen, when a resident of Trinidad, professed Roman Ca· Such a center of power is absolutely tholicism, and one of his brothers was the required to maintain and deepen the Session Clerk of a Presbyterian church in spiriruallife of missionaries and Asiatic Port of Spain. Christians. The Committee seeks a minimum of three hundred thousand HENRY B. DE1WING, PH.D., professor of dollars, and prays that God may di- Greek at Bowdoin College, has been chosen rect some Christian steward to respond the first president of Athens College, the new to this appeal. American institution in Greece which belongs to the Near East College Association. Address: DR. TOM LAMB[E, who opened the United American Missionaries Presbyterian Mission in Abyssinia, is now Field Director oE the Abyssinian Frontiers Mission, a recently organized branch of the World·wide Evangelization Crusade.

REV. DANIEL A. POLLNG, D.D., President c/o Missionary Review of the World of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, has become editor·in·chief of the Christwn REV. WILI,IAM G. MOCLUR-E, Presbyterian Herald, New York. missionary in Siam since 1886, died at Bang· kok, March 22d, in his sixty·seventh year. MRS. WlLLIAM EDGAR Gmr. lias been elected president of the' Federation or Wom· E. W. FRITCHLEY, for many years a vice· en '8 Boards of Fore,ign Missions of North president of the World's Sunday·School As·· America to succeed Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn. sociation, died at Ootacamund, India, on The office of the Federation has been reo March 8th. moved from Madison Avenue to 419 Fourth Avenue, New York.

*** MR.s. JOHN B. HAIL, who, with her hns· band, was placed, in 1922, on the retired MISS FLORENOE E. QUINLAN has resigned list of the .Japan ]I,nssion of the Presbyterian as executive secretary of the Council of Church in the U. S. A. after forty·six years Women for Home Missions but her successor of service, died at Wakayama, Japan, on has not yet been found. Miss Quinlan has March 23d. done most effective and self·sacrificing work for home missions in connection with the MISS MARY CAROLINE HOLMES, for thirty Council. The office of the Council has been :rears a missionary of the Presbyterian Board moved to 105 East 2,2nd Street, New York. in the Near E"st, died in New York City on March 3d. She was, for some time, a teacher REV. G. CAMPBELL MORGA,N, D.D., for· in the girls' school of Tripoli, Syria, and merly of London, has accepted a position was the author of "Between the Lines in on the faculty of the Bible Institute of Los Asia Minor," a book of experiences, and of Angeles. two novels, "Who Follows in Their Train" and" A Knock at the Door.'" For her dis· OBITUARY tinguished services in Urfa, during the war, Prance awarded her the Croix de Guerre MRS. MAIWARET WILLIAMS GREEN, the with palm. widow of the late Dr. Samuel Fiske Green, formerly a missionary of the American A MEMORIAL FUND OF $10,000, IN HONOR Board O. F. M. in Ceylon, died on March OF MRS. E. C. CRONK, is being raised by the 29th at her home in Hartford, Connecticut, "Light Brigade" of the United Lutheran at the age of ninety·one. Dr. Green was Church in America to erect a kindergarten a pioneer medical missionary in Ceylon and day nursery at the Ji·Ai·En, Kumamoto, 1863 to 1873. .Japan.

P1eaSB mention THE M[SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to ad'Vertiser2. THE STORY OF FIFTY YEARS IN UGANDA (See page ~11)

Ml.S'SIONARY

~ VOL, JUNE, 1927 NUMBER L SIX CHINESE MISSIONS IN THE BALANCE T HE accompanying map (on page 406) shows the wide extent of the Protestant Christian missionary enterprise in China. – Every dot indicates the location of a city or town in which one or'more foreign missionaries have been residing. In most of them there have been from five to twenty missionaries. Practically all stations, except the port cities and some centers in the north and west, have now been evacuated by foreigners at the urgent request of their governments, Missionaries have regretfully left their' Echools, hospitals, churches and homes, and, by long, tedious and often dangerous journeys, have travelled to coast cities from which they can more easily withdraw from the country if it seems advisable, '?his course was taken, not merely to preserve the lives of the foreigIwrs from attack by fanatical and misguided Chinese, but to remove a cause of irritation and to prevent complications in the negotiations between Chinese and foreign governments. The withdrawal of foreigners will also lessen the danger to the lives of Chinese Christians who are suspected of being unpatriotic because of their friendship for the missionaries. While some foreigners have been illtreated and their property looted or destroyed, it is remarkable that so few lives have been sacrificed even where there was no foreign protection.

China is now more than ever divided into rival factions. Marshal Chang Tso-lin holds most of the northeastern territory; Honan is in control of General Wu Pei-fu, and Shansi and Shensi are reported to be a.cting independently. Marshal Feng Yu-hsiang, the Christian general, who has been in the northwest with his army, is reported to be marching to join forces with the more moderate Cantonese forces now under General Chiang Kai-shek. Marshal Feng declares that he is as strongly Christian as ever and will prove 4Q5

". .'

-~ • IN OPERATION — • UNDER CONSTRUCTION = . CONTRACTED FOR himself to be both a loyal Christian and a patriotic Chinese. The country south of the Yangtze- nearly one-half of China-is in the hands of the Nationalist forces (Kuomintang or Cantonese), but a division has occurred between the more radical party, favoring Russian Communism (with its atheism and freedom from restraint) and having headquarters at Hallkow, and the more moderate section, with headquarters at Nanking, and in control of the Shanghai District. Yunnan Province, in the southwest, is reported as not lined up with any of the contending parties. It is generally conceded that the Nationalistic party, which has adopted the principles of the late Sun Yat-Sen, is in general favor in China and has the greatest prospect for success in uniting the Ohinese on a national constructive policy and program.

1927J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The following twenty-five points are supposed to be the Nationalist (Kuomintang) program for remaking a new China, as advocated by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen.

(1) To abolish "unequal foreign treaties" and place the Republic of China on the level in international affairs with other nations.

(2) Withc:1raw foreign military and naval forces stationed in China. (3) Abolish Foreign Consular jurisdiction. (4) Restore to Chinese control the concessions and settlements. (5) Restore tariff autonomy. (6) Regulate missionary schools, under Chinese National policies. (7) Divest aliens of the right to own property, establish banks, or issue notes, without sanction of the Rlepublic of China. (8) Assure to the people complete freedom of press, speech, worship, residence, and association. (9) Establish central control of finance; abolish likin (internal tax). (10) Eliminate surtaxes of land; suspend payment of land tax in advance; repeal the miscellaneous taxes; prohibit levying from the poor for military purposes. (11) Exempt distressed districts from land taxes and arrears of rent; prevent high interest. (12) Prohibit the CUltivation, transport and consumption of opium. (13) Reorganize the public properties belonging to the national and provincial governments; develop industry. (14) Render financial aid towards relief works (flood and famine); regulate 'the prices of rice; confiscate the properties of the anti-Nationalist leaders for the benefit of relief funds. (15) Assist the development of industrial agricultural, commercial and cultural organizations. (16) Put into practice the principle of tutelage; promote provincial autonomy and the popular election of provincial governors, mayors and village officials; organize assemblies of the people in the provinces, towns, and villages. (17) Promulgate labor laws, factory legislation, trade union laws; regulate minimum wages; prohibit the maltreatment of workers by employers or supervisors in the factories (both alien and national); improve working conditions, especially with regard to health and sanitation. (18) Guarantee funds for education which shall not be used for any other purposes; increase the salaries of the teachers in the primary schools; reduce tuition fees. (19) Improve the life of soldiers; advance their education; apply part of the fund from confiscation of the properties of the anti-Nationalist leaders for aged and disabled soldiers. (20) Guarantee and increase salaries in the lower grade of civil service and educational institutions. (21) Promote equality of the sexes; recognize the women's right of franchise on the same basis as men. . (22) Take a census. (23) Construet roads in every district. (24) Reform the system of currency; restrict the undue issue of paper money. (25) Assist the producers and consumers' cooperative enterprises with financial grants.

We are told by Mr. C. T. Chi, in The Chinese Christian Student, that the definite program for carrying out the above policy, carefully

mapped by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, has been adopted by the Kuomintang. Internally, the first step would be a military dictatorship, and, after a considerable part of the country large enough to compose a governing unit has come under the party's control, an educational dictatorship would be instituted, and finally, when the revolution is completed, a democratic and constitutional government would complete the program. Externally, the party, in its war against imperialism, seeks the cooperation and alliance of all nations that honestly and truly treat China as their equal.

"Sanninism, which constitutes the creed of the party, is the creation of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen. It signifies 'threefold people's doctrine,' which is made of three parts viz., Mintsuism (Nationalism), llinchuanism (political democracy), and M'inshenism (economic and, looking at the doctrine as a whole, is democracy). The threefold doctrine aims at the establishment of what Abraham Lincoln called, a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. The salvation of China lies, first, in the protection of the people from foreign aggression by arousing the spirit of nationalism, secondly in the establishment of a real democratic government by preaching the theory of true political democracy, and finally and ultimately, in the buildjng of an economic system that will secure and guarantee the welfare and happiness of all the Chinese people."

In the midst of tht) present turmoil some of the Protestant missionaries have remained at their posts, but most of them have withdrawn at the request of their consuls. There is a division of opinion as to the best course of action for foreigners and their governments. Rome favor a strong policy to preserve life and property by the rresence of foreign gunboats and marines; others favor entire withdrawal of military forces and a manifestation of confidence in the Chinese-even though such action may bring temporary disaster. There is, today, no centralized power that is capable of maintaining order, protecting life and property, dispensing justice or performing the functions of a strong government, but such a time calls for patience and forbearance.

In the meantime, the missions in general have adopted a program as follows: (1) The withdrawal of their seven thousand missionaries from interior stations; (2) concentration at coast cities where there is less disorder and danger; (3) the return to homelands of those whose furloughs are due this year or who wish to resign; (4) the temporary transfer of some missionaries to other fields (such as the Philippines, Korea and Japan) where their services can be used to advantage; (5) the retaining of many missionaries in China to engage in study or other useful occupations until sufficient quiet is restored to permit their return to stations; (6) the handing over to Chinese Christians the custody of mission property until permanent adjustments can be made; (7) a general policy of

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

the nationalization of Ohinese missions with larger responsibilities placed on Ohinese Ohristians and conformity to Ohinese government regulations so far as these do not interfere with the Ohristian missionary character of .the institutions.

The missionaries have great faith in God, in the Gospel and the Chinese people. As a whole they strongly advocate a revision of all unequal foreign treaties and a return of foreign concessions to Chinese control in order that harmony may be restored between Ohina and other nations.

Ohristian missions in Ohina are in the balance. But the crisis is only temporary. The work of the missions has not been in vain. Schools and churches that have boon established may be closed temporarily, but they exert too great an influence in Ohinese life to be kept closed. A spiritual force has been set in operation in China through the power of God as revealed in Jesus Ohrist. '1'his power cannot be overthrown. Last year, amid all the disorders, one mission baptized 4,000 new Ohristian converts. There are many thousands of educated, consecrated, Spirit-filled Ohinese Ohristians who are ready to carry forward the work of Christ in Ohina if every foreign missionary should be withdrawn. The missionary program in Ohina may change and Ohristian institutions may be conducted, in future, more in harmony with the economic capacity and development of the Ohinese Ohristians. But in spite of difficulties, opposition and danger, the program of Ohrist cannot be defeated.

SUFFERERS IN THE MISSISSIPPI :B'LOOD T HE disastrous overflowing of river hanks that has recently overwhelmed the Mississippi Valley has inundated thousands of square miles of territory, has driven over 150,000 people from their homes, and has involved the loss of many millions of dollars worth of property. '1'he loss of life has been comparatively small, hut the suffering has been great and will be long-continued; disease also threatens the seven flooded states. If such a flood had occurred in Ohina-as is sometimes the case when the Yellow River overflows its banks-the loss -of life and the accompanying famine would have called for immense relief meaSUres. In the Mississippi Valley, the population is not as dense, nor the poverty so great, but President Ooolidge has called for $10,000,000 to provide immediate relief and hundreds of millions of dollars will be needed to remedy the condition that makes such floods a constant menace. Two hundred and fifty tributaries, inCluding fifty navigable rivers, drain into the Mississippi. Over 1,500 miles of levees from Oairo, illinois, to the Gulf of Mexico have been built to keep the river in its course. In many places, the bottom of the riverbed is higher than the roofs of buildings along the banks and now behind the levees homes, churches, schools, rich farmlands and plantations are inundated and

the populace has been driven out of large areas from the junction of the Ohio with the Mississippi as far south as the Gulf.

Already millions of dollars have been contributed to relieve the sufferers in response to nation-wide appeals. The Red Cross is undertaking the task of helping the sufferers and the Government will take up permanent relief and the prevention of future floods.

What Is Your Score?

A test prepared by Miss Belle M. Bra.in, Schenectady, New York.

T HE REVIEW offers these twenty questions as a test of your knowledge of missionary history. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers will giv.e you a score of 100 per cent; ten correct answers, 50 per cent, and so on. When you have recorded your answers consult the correct answers found on page 477.

1. Who is said to have opened China" at the point of his surgeon's lancet 1"

2. What three famous missionaries to Africa died on their knees in the attitude of prayer 1 3. Why was George Leslie Mackay called the" Dentist Missionary" Y 4. What country is called the "Cradle of Islam" 1 5. What book was called by the London Spectator the "Robinson Crusoe of Missionary Literature" 1 6. Who was the first black bishop of Africa in modern times? 7. Whence came the first printing press 'Used in the stat( of Oregon? 8. What missionary did Robert Louis Stevenson wish to outlive in order that he might write his biography? 9. Under whose direction were 2,222 Telugu converts baptized in one day? 10. What young man, expelled from Yale College, became a famous missionary? 11. What officer of the Royal British Navy was a pioneer missionary in two continents Y 12. '''hat returned missionary was urged by the trustees to become president of Mt. Holyoke Seminary (now College) 1 13. What book, bought in a second-hand bookstore in Boston, taught Joseph Hardy Neesima that he could pray to God Y 14. Who preached the first Protestant sermon in Japan 1 15. During what war did Cyrus Hamlin bake tons of bread and launder thousands of garments for the suffering soldiers 1 16. What great missionary left America a Congregationalist and landed in India a Baptist 1 17. What young Scottish nobleman is called" The martyr of Aden" Y 18. Whose heart was buried in one continent and his body in another? 19. Why was Dr. Guido Verbeck, the great missionary to Japan, called" A Man Without a Country" Y 20. What great English missionary sailed for China by way of New York because no English ship would carry him direct to his field? (Answers on page 477.)

'1'HB DAILY HLE6BAP11, MONDAY. NOVEMBER 1S; .1875

,;)tIlgeographicai mileS itl, ~adtti'-iiivitll8'to reptLir to hin d .'~ .: A,,<IIl me to teU thewbite men that if ti·Y. .'. ,", ole ',only come to him bwiUgiva them 'a:ll~bil.r oV$lj: .1.0: ~n~.~'l.,*"~t.ol Now pI'h~erfe iisetlhedre in all' the Pagani;'0rtd.1t i'p~haehsc!i. more fora mIssion than . ga.nda~ ttp,;nt Colonel Lillant de Belleforids i~ my; wi~~ ihllt :200 ft· :!E,~!,. I speak the. .trllth, a.nd Iknowbe .. 'lfIU cor- :sever .etl~"t ,1;; ascer- }aro'rrdbeeonnmcthtame waaneU,ll-.iwsIiSahCsIaalyll:.vfionrTiethht,ee·aWCnadgoal!hnJM~nae'1ba,etshcoOInmgealmaia~.; Ibuts. j The, to the h, 't:O~llded Then why further spend needlessly vast 8ums primit.i,:e o on upon black Pagans of. Africa who have no 1I0W VISIl'

example of tl:ieir own people becoming Chris- cotton ~~/}~DA. tians bafore them? aIllsdpetol.kt:hteoFthreeeUMnei~vbeordsiitsiteis The I'" MillSion at Zanzibar dresA It and your IL& l!ouibasa. to the leading philaJIthropists, was a ~ect C6J,1- ~nd t~e pious people of',England" Her~! ga~tIe- grass r (y,mari~ me~ll!J y'our OPp0l'tumty:-embrace It I . The the rv, ,; " ~Me on the shot'es of the Niyanza call u~ iusid.'

;;licI!ft:j;he, ~~'Obey y.our 0Yi.n generoull instincts, and A'~hg lis,ton to the~ ;an4- 1" ~~~,re you that in o~ia tho :amis Bin :tear you WIll . ha11'e~!mora converts to ChrIS- ,(' wbIt ri;I'e ~ianity tha~. all; 'ot~eL" .Illissionari~ '; qu!te~ I to ;ia:?<il can nu~ber;. /l'he population of lIftesa s'!dug- • rn i,{ dO is very dense; I' estimate· thenum~r of ~ had ~iI1r811bjectsat2,OOO,OOO, YO? ~aed ~ot fear ~ , and spend: money upon Buch a mISSIon; as Mt~ IS .

~8l: BuJe rulel',an)lwill, repay its cost, tep"~:~:1 ,;.th 'II .. Il '#()fY~' coIFee}.,.~·~MR1.i … ' _a· ve!'} ~~•. ~ HENRY M. STANLEY'S LEl'TER THAT LIDD T'O THE FOUNDING OF THE C. M. S. MlISSION IN UGANDA Fifty Years in Uganda BY R. ETHEL DOGGETT, LONDON, ENGLAND Assistant Secretary of the Editorial Department, C. M. S.

H ALF a century ago Central Africa was practically an un- known land to the white man, who had scarcely heard of the little country of Uganda, lying midway between Cairo and the Cape. Two or three intrepid explorers had reached it with infinite toil, when bent on the discovery of the source of the Nile; but it was not until 1875 that anything was reported of the peoples of that region. Then H. M. Stanley, wl}o had first visited Africa at the request of Mr. James Gordon Bennett of the New Yark Herald, in an endeavor to find and help David Livingstone, reached Uganda in the course of a remarkable attempt to cross the continent from east to west. His interest and sympathy were at once captured by the people whom he met in the heart of Uganda. He found a king, chiefs, 411

and people sunk deep in superstition and cruelty, it is true, but combining to form a well-organized community, and showing intelligence and power of leadership which marked them out from all the tribes round about. Stanley's knowledge of Swahili enabled him to talk to King Mtesa, and he began to tell him of the wonders of the world outside, and especially of the great God who had created the world. The king's interest was aroused, and he begged that white teachers might be sent to his country. This request was emhodied by Stanley in a letter to the New Yor'k H eraU and the London Daily Tflegraph. AI': he wished to con- tinue his journey across Africa, he entrusted the letter to a Bel- gian officer, Colonel Linant de Bellefonds, whom he had met on the borders of Uganda. Almost immediately, however, this officer was killed, and only when a search party was sent out was the letter discovered in his long riding boot. It was then forwarded to General Gordon at Khartoum, and was sent by him to England. rrhe let- ter which was published in the Daily Telegraph on November 15, 1875, ended with these words: "0' that some pio1ts pract-ical misBion.ary would come here! . … Such an one, -if hc can be fonnd, would become the saviour of THE u~!j.~'W:~E~tltt~~ GmJrTG~ OF Africa. N owhcl'e in aU the pagan world is ther'e a more promising field fat· a mission than Uganda, H el'e, Gentlemen, is your opport'Ulwity. Embrace it! The people on the shores of the Nyanza caU tIP on you."

If the course of the letter was romantic, the response it evoked was no less so. Immediately a gift of £5,000 was sent to the Church Missionary Society by one who styled himself "An Unprofitable Servant. " 'J'his was followed by other sums, amounting within a week to £24,000.

No missionary committee could ignore this double challenge, and forthwith an appeal for recruits was issued which found its way to every cornel' of England, and also to a certain Scotch engineer, Alexander Mackay, who was studying in Berlin. Within a month he and a naval officer, Shergold Smith, had offered themselves for this

FIFTY Y'EARS IN UGANDA

service. Others quickly followed, so that in less than six months from the pUblication of the letter eight men had sailed for Uganda. Stirred by the appeal of human need, and impelled by the love of Christ, these pioneers released a new dynamic for the saving of Africa when they set out on their great adventure.

The story of the arrival of the first two missionaries on June 30, 1877, and of the trials from disease, opposition, persecution, and martyrdom which beset the missionaries and their African converts and helpers, is one of the epics of missionary history. It has been told and retold for the inspiration of those who come after and its retelling here would extend far beyond the limits of this article. '"

STUDENTS AT THE BISHOP TUCKER TRAINING COLLEGE If we cross the years and visit Uganda today we are confronted by a changed country, in which change the work of the Christian missionaries is acknowledged to have been the chief factor. Instead of the three months' toilsome march from the east coast through forest and swamp, the journey can now be accomplished in less than three days by a railway, which is one of the world's engineering feats, and by a well-equipped steamer across Lake Victoria.

Uganda is now a British Protectorate, each of its component parts being ruled by a king or paramount chief, most of whom are Christian men. Excellent roads, ordered justice, peace, and prosperity, are among the visible signs of the change which the coming of Christianity and of civilizing influences from the West have brought into the life of the people. It may be said without fear of contradiction that the Church, the British Government, and the native rulers • One of the best brief accounts is to be found in "Uganda in Transformation," by Bisbop Greslord .Jones, 1926. C. M. S. LondC>Jl.

M~SSION SCHoor, BOYS AT KAMPALA. THE CATHEDRAL IS IN THE BACKGROUND have all contributed to the uplift of the people, and that in their continued cordial cooperation lies the hope of further development.

The population of the Protectorate is now slightly over 3,000,000, of whom probably about half a million are nominally Christians. These Christian adherents are divided almost equally between the Roman Catholic Missions and the native Church of Uganda which has come into being through the work of the Church Missionary Society and is in communion with the Church of England. The native Church is highly organized on lines that were familiar to the Baganda in the regulation of their own communities. More than seventy African clergy share equally with European missionaries in the work of the Synod and the various church councils. All of these native clergy, in addition to the teachers and schools, are supported by African funds. The glory of the Church from its earliest days, when the fires of persecution might easily have checked public witness, has been its missionary spirit.

The Christian work began at the capital of the central kingdom of Buganda. From there it has mdiated in all directions to the farthest bounds of the Protectorate and beyond its borders. African has carried to African, often crudely and imperfectly, but with the accents of conviction, the message of the love of God in Christ. Everywhere, among ruling chiefs or primitive tribes and degraded tribespeople, among progressive Baganda or the shy pygmies of the inland forests, that message, conveyed through African lips and lives, has had transforming power.

To a great extent the Gospel has been spread through the schools, of which there are some 1,200 connected with the Protestant

1!f27] FIFTY Y'EARS IN UGANDA

Church in Uganda. These range from the extremely primitive type of bush school to the central and l1igh schools where a broad-based, if not very advanced, education is given. In the little village schools from the early days of the Mission, old and young have gathered, poring over their alphabet sheets in order that they might learn to read the Bible and be baptized. In the more effieient central and boarding schools, the New Testament still occupies the first place in the curriculum, for to fashion character after the pattern of Ohrist is the goal of the highest and most comprehensive education.

THE C. M. S. SCHOOL NG'ORA, EASTERN UGANDA Very largely as the result of the teaching in schools and churches, the country as a whole has moved socially on to a higher plane. Slavery was abolished more than thirty years ago by the combined action of some forty Ohristian chiefs who felt that it was contrary to the teaching and spirit of the New Testament. Despotic tyranny has passed, and the people can now enjoy-the blessings of liberty. For many years the popUlation of the Protectorate was steadily declining through ignorance, superstition, and disease. Now it has begun to increase, through the teaching of hygiene and the opening of a number of infant welfare centers under the care of African nurses, trained at the Maternity Training School, which is an offshoot of the O. M. S. hospital at Mengo. Polygamy dies hard and old pagan customs will not pass in one generation, but the position of women has

Leen appreciably improved, and the ideal of the Christian home is sinking into the hearts and minds of African Christians.

The past twenty years have been a period of marked industrial development. Improved communications have tended to stimulate trade of various kinds, but it is to the cultivation of cotton, first introduced by two C. M. S. missionaries, that Uganda owes much of its present wealth. Two years ago more than 200,000 bales of cotton were exported, and more than £3,000,000 came back in sterling to the native producer. Last year there was a decline in the cotton trade, but this has served to turn the attention alike of European settler and native producer to new sources of wealth. The first distillery for motor spirit has lately been opened, sugar refining is being taken up, and the cultivation of coffee is likely to increase. In these and other ways the African is learning how to develop the resources of his country and to take his share in supplying the needs of the world.

Since missions have played so large a part in the development of Uganda and its people, it is of interest to look in more detail at the methods employed by the missionaries during the past fifty years. Alexander Mackay took out with him in 1875 some lenses, and from a biscuit tin he made a lantern with which he showed pictures to the king and his court. At his hut he set up a lathe, a forge, and a printing press, and there he not only worked but he taught the boys who flocked round him. They learned to read, they learned to use their hands, and they learned to know One who could give abundant life. Thus the beginnings of Christian education were laid in Uganda.

Simultaneously Mackay began to translate the Bible into the language of the people, and in the face of almost insuperable difficulties prepared and printed the whole of St. Matthew's Gospel and the first fourteen chapters of St. John. A few years later the whole Bible was available in Luganda through the work of that brilliant linguist-missionary-George Pilkington. From the beginning Christian inquirers in Uganda have been known as "readers"; and probably there are few missions in the world where the Bible has been so widely circulated and read.

The early missionaries were deeply stirred by the amount of preventable suffering which they saw around them, and they opened a dispensary which brought relief to many sufferers. In 1887 the famous Mengo Hospital came into being-the first and largest of four mission hospitals which have given untold help to thousands of patients year by year. The witness of the hospitals to the love of Christ and to His care for the weary and diseased has been one of the most effective means of helping a superstitious and fear-ridden people to enter into the meaning of the Gospel.

Public preaching and pastoral work have naturally had a large share in the progress of the Church and have been undertaken in-

FIFTY YEARS IN UGANDA

creasingly by Africans. Indeed the governing principle of the Mis- sion throughout the fifty years has been cooperation with the African in the evangelization of the country. ,Vhether in matters of administration or in extensive missionary effort, European and African have moved together at a pace suited to the latter. Moreover, partly through the lack of European staff, and partly of deliberate policy, responsibility has been thrust upon the African as fast as, or even faster than, he could be brought to accept it. Attention is being focused increasingly by Government and Mission on the training of leaders, and for this vitallv important work European assistance will be essential for some ye"ars to come. But how magnificently the African responds, and how infi- nitely worth while are the efforts to help him to meet the new de- mands made upon him! 'Take two or three examples: Recently Uganda has mourned the loss of Sir Apolo Kagwa, 'who for more than forty years had been prime minister. He was among the first converts to Chris- tianitr and shared in the persecution of early days, as well as in the new learning brought by the missionaries. The son of a chief, in due course he rose to high office, and displayed qualities of char- acter and statesmanship that would have marked him out as a CANON APOLO KIVEBULAYA great man, judged by the standards of any country.

A twentieth century hero is Canon ,Apolo Kivebulaya, who for many years has served as a foreign missionary from Buganda to the peoples of the Belgian Congo and the pygmy forest. A new language, strange conditions, hardships innumerable, severe persecution, are some of the difficulties which he has encountered in the strength of a great love for his Master and for needy men and women. By Europeans and Africans alike he is recogni'zed as a saint of God and a truly remarkable missionary.

Nor are the women of Uganda any less ready to respond to the call of Christ and give themselves to service. Story after story could be told of the capacity and devotion of these Christian women, whether it be the Queen of Toro who year by year prepares candi- dates for confirmation, or the simple village teacher who ventures into a disease-infected area to witness for her Lord by helping those in peculiar need.

2

What of the future~ As the Bishop of Uganda warns us: "The magnitude of the apparent success must not blind us to its inevitable limitations." 'rhere is much that makes for progress. Forces of the Spirit have been released and are at work throughout the length and breadth of the country, purifying and ennobling life in all its relationships. The Government has shown its desire to secure the cooperation of missions and of enlightened native leaders in extending and developing the facilities for Christian education. New rail- ways are projected which should be an immense gain to the indus- tries and the country.

But when all this has been said, it must be recognized that there are powerful forces antag- onistic to progress. Five out of six of the people are still pagans or Moslems, so that the moral atmosphere leaves much to be de- sired. Again, more than one or two generations are needed to change the instincts of heredity. It must also be admitted that, while much of incalculable benefit has been brought to Uganda in re- cent years, the vices and dangers MEMORIAL WHERE THREE CHRISTIAN of Western materialism have BAGANDA BOYS ~8~~E .MARTYRED IN crept in also.

'" The African is quick to accept, and quick to lose Christianity," says one who knows him well. In this jubilee year of the Uganda Church and Mission it is the earnest desire of all the Christian leaders that the spiritual life of the Church shall be deepened and strengthened. Towards the attainment of this end the Church throughout the world can cooperate, for it is as the tide of divine love and power can flow unhindered throughout the whole Body that the youngest, weakest members will enter into the experience of fuller life.

Fifty years ago, Alexander Mackay wrote from Uganda, "I am very sorry to have to inform you that our cherished hopes as to the Sultan's late edicts for the suppression of the slave trade, are hitherto vain. I find slave caravans passing Saadani every day with almost one hundred children in chains, per diernl" Thank God, that curse has been abolished!

OMAN WOMEN WAITING FOR THE MlSSIONARY

. Touring with Christ in Arabia BY PAUL W'. HARR.ISON, M.D., BAHREIN, PERSIAN GULF "N0' Missionary of the Reformed Church in America I don't want to see you." The irritated skipper of a British India steamer was talking to an itinerant medical missionary, who did not believe in the Nordic myth. "All I want is for you to understand that you cannot travel deck on this steamer. I won't have white people mixing with the natives in that way."

In vain did the missionary protest that the company's Bombay agents sell just f>uch tickets.

"N0, sir, no mixture of Europeans and natives on this ship." So the missionary unwillingly surrendered twenty-four additional mission rupees and added a millionth part of a per cent to Lord Inchcape's dividends. The missionary did not even try to present the Gospel to the skipper. It was needed badly enough but the time seemed unpropitious. :More or less silently he paid the second class fare from Lingah to Dubai and afterward unlimbered his camp cot among the deck passengers, where he found good air to breathe and more congenial company. "Come over here, I want to talk to you" said an Egyptian Arab, a fierce and bitter nationalist. He had just come from a visit of some weeks to Bahrain, where he had been preaching the evils of British suzerainty and the need of solidarity among Moslems. The seed had fallen on stony ground, and he bemoaned the degenerate times. Now 419

he was on his way to Dubai where he hoped to stir the faithful greatly. It is hard to get such a man to listen to the Gospel. He is full of politics. The old Turkish rule he immoderately praised, which panegyric left quite cold those of us who had lived under their rule. Several attempts were made to get his attention for Christ's message, but with no success. Even the missionary's composure was upset temporarily by his vociferous assertion that America's present policy was obviously dictated by fear of England. That night we had to ask forgiveness for forgetting that "the Lord's servant must not strive."

But Dubai was afraid of foreign complications so the Egyptian missionary of nationalism was not allowed to land. We fared only a little better, not being permitted to enter Dubai itself, the commercial center of the district. Half a loaf, however, is better than no bread and we accepted an invitation to visit a much smaller town twenty miles further on and to treat one of its prominent merchants who needed surgical attention.

The whole trip was one of surprises. I had never met so unreasonable' a ship captain, nor such a fire-eating nationalist. I found myself later the guest of a man affording perhaps the finest example of unostentatious hospitality and benevolence that I have ever seen. Though -himself needing care for six weeks, my host provided generous quarters where other sick and needy people might come for attention. Across one end of the large courtyard he built a shelter from the sun, providing in this way a verandah twenty feet or more deep, an ideal shelter for the patients who came in large numbers. ,Ve had thirty or more in-patients much of the time, and every morning, noon and night slaves came from the house bringing milk for those whose diet had been so limited by the doctor's orders, and meat and rice for all who might eat more substantial food. Those lacking a bed were provided with one, and anyone needing fuel had only to ask for it. I have seen many beautiful things among the Arabs, but I think I have never met with anything equalling the simple, 1m· ostentatious, almost automatic benevolence of that house.

It was easy to talk of the things of Christ to that man, but very difficult to make any real impression. All he wanted, he found living as a Mohammedan. It is true, he did not find all of it in his religion. The intense Mohammedan puritans of Inland Arabia reckon such as he, infidels. To a very unusual degree he walked in "the light that lighteth every man coming into the world." Nevertheless he was a sincere Mohammedan and any faith in Christ beyond regarding Him as a superseded prophet seemed beyond his reach. A sense of des- perate inadequacy and helplessness comes over the missionary at such a time. If Christ could meet and talk with such a man, surely He could put His finger on some hidden area of conscious spiritual need, just as He did with the Samaritan woman, and he might thus lead him straight into the Kingdom of God.

TOURING WITH CHRIST IN ARABIA

That hospitable, kindly old man is typical of the Arabs of his district. Courteous and earnest and tolerant, they offer a marked contrast to the men and women whom we meet in other parts of the peninsula. Several came to ask us to conduct a Christian service on Sunday so that they could come and listen. What an opportunity! That first Sunday seventy-five men were listening for the first time to the Good News of Christ. The missionary goes to his knees when he faces such a service. Just what does God want us' to present to these people 7 That first Sunday we tried to tell them what Christ meant when He told Nicodemus "Ye must be born again," for in Nicodemus Christ met a man who must have resembled these Arabs very closely. They listened with great courtesy and agreed that they needed new hearts. Thus they were able to go one step beyond Nicodemus in their comprehension of the message, but no further. All we could do was to pray that, like him, they might later come into an effective faith.

On the second Sunday we told them of the nature of Christ's salvation,how His own life flows into us to be our life just as the life of the tree flows into the branches. Orthodox Mohammedanism is mechanical and cold, the most formal intellectualism imaginable. As might be expected mystical movements have run from time to time through it, gaining temporarily a tremendous vogue. The great Shiah schism has that as its underlying basis. This mystical aspect of the Gospel made apparently a deeper impression than that presented on the previous Sunday. It seemed to the speaker that some of those Arabs looked into the open door of the Kingdom of God with real longing of heart that Sunday morning. But the price of entrance is high in Arabia, and the inevitable reaction after such a service seems to be a renewed and revivified effort to find the blessings of Christ in their own religion.

There are two things that make it hard for the Arabs to enter the Kingdom. One is the price that must be paid for gaining the new and the other is the very great attractiveness of the old. The great feast of the Mohammedan year came while we were in Ajman and, as always, everybody went out to attend a sunrise prayer meeting. The whole town was there. A row of men five to ten deep, in bright holiday clothes, stretched for a hundred yards and more. Ten feet behind them was a similar row of women shrouded in black. 'fhe -preacher stood in front on a raised platform, and after a short reading, led the worshippers in prayer. It was a wonderful sight, perhaps two thousand people reverently seated on the desert sand, in the cool of the early morning, the sun just appearing over the mountains in the distance. The deep blue of the sea was in front, and the desert stretched out to infinite distances behind. Palm trees were scattered thinly over the landscape as in a park at home.

As the service drew toward its close the low thunder of cannon

in the distance told us that fifteen miles away to the west morning prayers in Sharga had ended. A few minutes later a louder boom from Urn el Gowein on the east announced the same thing from there. Our prayers came to their close a moment later and the earth shook with a tremendous report from the guns by the Sheikh's castle. Ajman also had finished. I have been in Catholic services where the elevation of the Host is accompanied by a peal from the great bells of the cathedral, and a man must be made of stone to be unmoved by such a service; but I have never seen anything to compare with this Mohammedan service, where simple, unostentatious worship is not trapped with tinsel and gilt, but is a part rather of the awful and divinely beautiful works of the Omnipotent God and where the humble worshipper joins hands with similar worshippers the world around.

The missionary witnessing such a service hopes very earnestly that when the Church of Christ appears in Arabia it will learn from Mohammedanism, will learn indeed a very great deal. He hopes that it wiil remove the Western clothes that the missionary tends to put on it, and in their place will put on the garb of the East.

But the aching desire of the missionary's heart to give this people Jesus Christ is not diminished by seeing such a superb service. He knows that this is the one nest of chattel slavery still remaining in the world. He knows that of all Arabia this district is most terribly cursed with immorality, unless perhaps following its rapid Westernization, Bahrain can now compete for this evil preeminence. He knows that the pearl divers are oppressed and mistreated unspeakably. He knows in short that the splendid Arabs in this district of Oman, like every other splendid people in the world, are not delivered from the power of sin and selfishness by any services, however beautiful and moving, by anything except by the power of Christ. Therefore he prays, not simply that God may give him on this trip the wisdom and the grace to present a picture of Christ free from its Western defacements, he prays even more that those to whom God has entrusted wealth at home may be guided by His Spirit to such gifts as will make possible for that country of hospitable and kindly people, not only an occasional visit by a missionary but a permanent mission station with a continued and prayerful, and please God an adequate and effective presentation of Christ. Then we will see services of worship that are not only simple and sincere and beautiful, but also powerful and transforming because in them the people shall meet Christ.

A KARRFJ. NATIVE WAS "SURE" HE COULD RIDE MR. GRIBBLE'S BICYCLE. HE

PERMITTED A TRIAL WITH HIS FRIENDS ASSISTING. 'I'HE MISSIONARY'S PORTERS ARE IN THE BACKGROUND.

Pioneering in French Equatorial Africa BY FLORENOE N. GRIBBLE, M.D."

W HEN Stanley, whose birthplace had been Wales and whose adopted country was America, was exploring the Congo for the King of Belgium, a young Italian named De Brazza was also exploring for his adopted country, France. Reaching Stanley Pool first, he claimed the country on the north and west for the land of his adoption.

French Equatorial Mrica has today an area of approximately 700,000 square miles and comprises four districts, Gaboon, the Middle or Moyen Congo District, the now familiar district of Oubangi- Chari-Tchad, and Lake Tchad military district.

The capital of this immense territory, Brazzaville, is a beautiful and attractive city. The ornamental palms and fragrant flowers enhance th~ artistic beauty of the landscape. Notwithstanding these facts, the white population scarcely exceeds five hundred, and consists principally of officials, traders, army ~fficers and their wives, with a small missionary population.

• (Note: Among the unnamed '<many other brave fol1owers of the Cross in AtrIca," there should be mentioned the late Rev. JameS S. Gribble, husband o,f Doctor G"ribble. He led the pioneer party of the Mission Oubangui-Chari, and! laid down his Hfe in establishing the first Station. Without his courageous faith and sacrificial labor, this needy field would not now be in process or evangelization.) 423

The native population of ]'ronch Equatorial Africa is varied. Tribes of mixed blood inhabit the coast regions. One has the desert tribes in the north and the Bantu tribes of the lower Congo, including the well-known Bakongo and Bateke. Yet there is little congestion in French African population for the sum total of all these tribes aggregate not more than ten million. If the population of these vast territories were equally distributed, it would average only fifteen to the square mile.

One of the most densely populated regions of these vast domains is found in the Oubangi-Chari-Tchad district, lying east of the Camerouns, north of the Belgian Congo, and west of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In this district are some members of the Bantu groups, but THE MISSIONARY'S HOUSE- BUICK WITH GRASS ROOF for the most part the population consists of mixed blood from the Arab and Berber strains. Especially is this true in the eastern extremity of the district where are found the Zande, whose prowess is so well known, both in conquest of other tribes and in hunting.

The French African native is no longer a cannibal because cannibalism is under the ban of French law, death being the punishment of every native convicted of eating human flesh. But witchcraft, fetishism, secret societies and many other customs of tribal life hold the heathen native in their sway. Mohammedanism has gained the tribes of the north, and Roman Catholicism has made many inroads along the Congo and Oubangi R.ivers.

The officials are respected by the people and the French language is taught to the native. While religious services may be conducted in the language of the people, yet the schools give instruction in the French language only. Missionary schools come under the same official regulations as government schools, and teachers must obtain

1927J PIONEERING IN FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA

the" Superior" Certificate from the" Alliance Francaise" in Paris, . – the recognized school for the preparation of foreigners desiring to teach in French colonies.

'rhe government is carefully administered. 'rhe chief executive is the governor-general who resides at Brazzaville, and who is assisted by lieutenant-governors, one residing in Gaboon, one in Moyen Congo, one in Oubangi-Chari-Tchad, and one in the Lake Tchad Military District. The lieutenant-governors, thus presiding over their respective provinces, are assisted by administrators, presiding over subdivisions of the provinces known as circonscriptions or dis- A FOUR-CYLINDER MOTOR CAR IN Al'RlCA tricts. Each of these administrators is assisted by black soldiers or police, many of whom are recruited from Senegal.

So far as possible, even with this efficient organization, the French colonial government r espects the tribal laws, and the administrators work through the native chiefs, appointing, guiding, directing, removing them, but permitting them to employ their faculties and talents, and as far as possible respecting their inlleritance. The native is subject to tax, and herein lies a large part of government revenue. The rate of taxation is in exact degree to the degree of subjugation which can be obtained and maintained.

The French Government, then, has the great northwestern part of Africa, all other nations having their territories surrounded and isolated like little patches amidst the overwhelming preponderance of French possessions, extending as they do from the Mediterranean on the north to the Atlantic Ocean with its gigantic curves on the south and west, and from the vast flow of the Congo and its tributaries on the east and south to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan on the east.

It is a great privilege to be permitted to be a missionary in these extensive domains, and every missionary society therein located has before it an expansive future fraught with issues enormous and weighty.

Yet French Equatorial Africa with its coast line in Gaboon is by some strange anomaly dep endent for its equatorial exit and en- ONE OF NANA'S SONS, YAKANENGlE, HAS BECOME A GREAT SOUL WINNER. HAVING LED SCORES OF HIS PEOPLE TO CHRJST trance into Africa upon the Belgian Congo, which has no coast line but which controls the mouth of the Congo. The little Belgian railway which has been built around the Livingstone rapids in the Lower Congo is utilized by the French as well. But this will soon be changed, for the French are prospecting a railway from BraZizaville to a point in Gaboon 250 miles distant and known at Pointe Noire, situated near Loango.

PIONEERING IN FRENOH EQUATORIAL AFRICA

One of the greatest contributing factors to progress in French Equatorial Africa is the wonderful system of automobile roads recently inaugurated by the Government. These roads not only bring government official and people nearer together, which was their primary purpose, but they form a network of amazing highways for the Gospel. The completion of a road is always immediately followed by the removal of the people from the mountains or the bush to the roadside. Planned as military or caravan roads for earthly administration, these thoroughfares are fast becoming the highways along which the Church militant advances to the evangelization of Africa's last frontiers-along which also the caravans of the Gospel shall penetrate the dark ignorance of paganism. We stand in French Africa at the threshold of vast unknown territories, less developed in Equatorial than in North Africa, but also needy, and awaiting the Church with its message of salvation. Protestant Missions at work in French Africa include the Swedish Evangelical in the vicinity of Brazzaville, the Swedish Baptist in the vicinity of Bangui, the Oubangi-Chari Mission in the vicinity of Bangui, Bossongoa, Boali and Bozoum, the Mid-African Mission, east of Bangui, and Center of Africa Mission contiguous to the preceding and the Africa Inland Mission·which has recently been established at Zemio. The Oubangi- Chari Mission, of which the author is a member, was started in 1918, after the pioneers had done previous service in British and Belgian territories. The first station was opened at Bassai, near Bozoum, in 1921, after three years of enforced waiting and importunate prayer. The second station was opened at Yaloke in 1924, and the third at Bossangoa in 1926.. The three tribes, the Karre, the Baya, and the Banou, have responded favorably to the Gospel, now having a total church membership of between 2,500 and 3,000.

The object of the Mission is the evangeli'zation of the Oubangi- Chari-Tchad district of French Equatorial Africa, with a line of advance continually toward the northwest, contesting the Mohammedan advance among the tribes yet pagan, and seeking eventually the conversion of tribes already gone over to Islam. The Mission is under the auspices of the Brethren Church of America, with special dependence upon the faithfulness of a prayer-hearing God. The immensity of the field, the darkness of paganism, the falsity of Mohammedanism, the prevalence of disease including leprosy, sleeping sickness, malaria, etc., constitute in themselves a call to prayer on the part of all God's children for all missions, and for every force endeavoring to cooperate in the evangelization of these frontiers.

In the footsteps of Livingstone, of Laws, of Huntington; in the trail of Hurlburt, of Haas, of Cedar, and of the many other brave followers of the Cross in Africa, let us press forward with the wondrous story of redemption until our Lord Himself shall return to claim His Bride.

A CHINESE MAIL CARRIER* H IS name was "Shih," and "ShIh" means '~stone," but we never called him Peter. From the day Mr. Ting had bought fifty pairs of chopsticks from his humble stall, and he had heard that there was a "Jesus Hall" in the town-something he had never heard of before-ShIh had moved forward in his knowledge of God.

Now his little shop bore the sign-board "Rock of Ages." The rigidly-shuttered door on the Lord's Day, marked the little hunchback as a Christian, even if he had not beaten a big brass gong on the High Street, and called out, "Come to worship at the Jesus Hall," as he smiled his way along to the East Gate., Across the street was the Chinese post office, and the postmaster was a Christian-wealthy, fat and flourishing, Mr. Chow stepped over the roadway one morning. "Venerable ShIh," he said, "in your old vagrant days you tramped many a mile with heavy loads. Are you good for a long walk now, I wonder? We're short of a courier, and trustworthy men are few. Could you start on a run at once, to help the Chinese Government today?"

"Ah, Brother Chow, I served the devil and opium then. Gladly for the post office, and for you, my fellow-Christian, I will do my best."

""

The Conference was closing. It had come to the testimony and consecration meeting. Tan, the first believer in those two counties, rose to promise every free day through the winter for itinerant preaching and bookselling. He had done much of such yeoman service before.

Some pledged a few days' help at preaching campaigns or bookselling trips. One or two would go to Bible classes for a month, and some spoke of giving" a tenth" of their gain to the Lord's work.

Then the little hunchback rose. He knew it was useless to stand behind the high desk on the rostrum, and so he spoke from his place near the wall. "I am a poor little chap to look at, but what would I have been if the Lord had not saved me 1 My opium would have landed me in hell ere now."

"And I have been carrying the mail for the Chinese Government. It was the proudest day in my life. I looked at all the big strong young fellows on the road, as I ran through the villages, with my bags swinging from the pole. Why had Mr. Chow chosen me-me, but for the grace of God an old opium-sodden vagabond 1 And God had chosen me too!"

"If anyone ought to give a tenth to God I ought to do so, but I can't I read or figure. However, the Post Office gave me eighteen hundred' cash'

J' for the job. I can't give the Lord less than two thousand, and the church treasurer can have it as soon as he likes to call !"-Robert Gillies.

'London Christian, 1/20/27.

A OROP IN A WALNUT GROVE. LOS ANGELES OOUNTY

In these groves little children can earn as much in a half day as they formerly earned in a whole day-before the schools started halfwday sessions.

N omad Workers in America BY LOUISE F. SHIELDS, REDONDO BEACH, CALIE'ORNIA "Faxes have their holes and the wild birds their nests, but the Son of Man bath not where to lay his head." Matthew 8: $0. "Ye know the gmce of our LOl'd Jesus Christ. Though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, that ye through his poverty might become rich. fj Corinthian. 8: 9.

ARICKETY automobile of 1912 model stopped beside the road near an orchard where huge apples lighted the trees with flame and gold. The driver of the car leaned forward to question the men and women on ladders who were stripping the trees of their wealth. The woman sitting with him on the front seat held a baby on her lap and a three year old beside her. A row of towheads peered through the ragged curtains of the back seat.

"What's the chance of getting a job here~" called the man in the car.

"Full-up!" replied the man who seemed to be directing the work of the apple pickers. "But it's only four miles to Cashmere where there's an apple knockers' employment office. Might try there. Go foul' miles the way you're headed now!"

429

The car wheezed down the road into the town and drew up near the Episcopal church parish house where rows of cars much like his own were parked three deep in the side street. The entire family rolled from the car to the soft green lawn in front of the building, where they found the door blocked by job-seek~l's. ~ ;: The five children shouted with glee and even the mother forced a wan smile when the man reappeared at the door and announced, "We've got a job, the first in three weeks. That church-guy's all right. He gave a ticket for us to get some hot soup before we go to the orchard!"

This family is only one of thousands who follow the crops all year on the Pacific Coast. Seventy-five per cent of the field workers are Mexican and the language barrier is added to other problems in California where there is a twelve months' rotation of crops. In Oregon, Washington and British Columbia, where ninety per cent of the harvesters are American-born and English-speaking, there is a three or four months' intermission of work" For a few months in the fruit season of the Pacific Northwest many leave their rented quarters in cities to try a "vacation with wages." The families who travel only a part of the year bear the title, "one croppers," or "two or' three or four croppers." Children's earnings add to the family paycheck.

PEOPLE WITH A VISION What had the Episcopal church in Cashmere, Washington, to do with labor distribution ~ All great, new movements center around a verson. Rev. E. C. Schmeiser had come with his wife from a downtown mission in Chicago, both imbued with the spirit of Christian service. After observing one apple season they instituted the free pmployment service in the parish house, and opened also a reading room with a writing desk. Many workers arrived too early for the jobs and were without means of support until the harvesting provided them with funds. So a soup kitchen was opened with the understanding that all who could do so would pay a small sum after they received wages. Donations of meat, bread and vegetables from local merchants and gardeners helped to keep down expenses of the soup kitchen.

Cashmere merchants declared that this was the first apple season when they had been free from the annoyance of a score of interruptions every day from strangers seeking direction to employers. The young minister seldom appeared on the street without a string of men trailing along, one talking with him and the others waiting their turns to ask him about jobs, or living quarters or, in some cases, seeking spiritual advice. Before the close of the harvest, workers came for interviews about the most intimate personal and family affairs.

That minister and his wife spent six days a week from 7 A. M. till 6 P. M. in their employment office and often had calls at their

NOMAD WORKERS IN AMERICA

home before and after these hours. At the end of the season they were weary and ready to leave for a vacation, but they were radiantly happy and were planning to enlarge their service next year.

The Presbyterian church in that same town devoted its Sunday evening service in the apple season to special programs for the "apple knockers" with musical features by the "knockers" themselves; and cooperated with some of the leading orchardists in evening entertainments on the ranches.

A MOTHER AND CHILDREN IN A NOMAD WORKER' S SHACK The churches in every agricultural community have the same opportunity as in Cashmere in the Wenatchee Valley, Washington, to demonstrate Christ-like sympathy for those who have left their homes to work in sections where specialized crops demand more workers than can supply jobs for the entire year.

There is a need for regulating the migratory labor movement by extending to the Pacific Coast the service of the Farm Labor Division of the Department of Labor which now operates chiefly in the Middle West. Until these economic needs may be met, the churches seem to be the only organizations with sufficient vision to pioneer in this emergency relief. The Council of Women for Home Missions has a well-defined

social service program under the direction of its farm and cannery migrant committee. This has been in operation since 1920 and has included six projects in canneries and truck garden centers on the Atlantic Coast. Since 1924 it has also established six projects in the sections that produce apples, berries, hops and cotton on the Pacific Coast. The interest of the Council was stirred by such instances as the following: A young mother with a six-months-old baby in her arms joined other mothers and little children on the truck which started early one morning from the harvest labor camp under the stately fir trees by the Willamette River in Oregon. Men walked beside the truck. After the boisterous crowd of workers reached the field for the day's work, this young mother laid her baby on a pile of canvas sacks. Later a truck driver said: "I did not see the baby. But, thank God 1 My horses saw it and shied away from it!"

The young mother said: "Yes, it was a narrow escape. But the sacks were dry over on that ground where we had finished picking. The vines are wet where I-had to lay my baby down this morning."

Near the row of babies on the wet vines, toddlers, bedraggled with the dew, pulled at their mothers' skirts. Children, just a little older, were picking into their parents' baskets for a part of the time, but were often trampling the vines and causing a sharp rebuke from the check-boss. Those same cl>tildren who were chilled by the dews and the fog of early morning stayed on into the burning sun of noonday. Sickness was causing a labor turnover of 300 to 500 per cent each year during the harvest period on that big hop ranch.

The manager of the ranch put on a health and recreation service the next fall, 1923, which succeeded in holding his crew to its maximum, 1,000, instead of his losing all but 300 at the end of the first ten days, as in 1922. He completed his harvest eight days sooner than usual. He also saved overhead expense of $15,000 to offset his investment of $800 in welfare equipment and in salaries of the workers who administered the day nurseries, daily newspaper, first aid for minor injuries, and evening entertainments which kept the young people from questionable resorts. The social workers also cooperated with the church people of neighboring towns to conduct religious services on the ranch.

The neighbors of the hop-grower mentioned were impressed by the success of the plan and were ready to cooperate with the Council of Women for Home Missions. As a result, in the summer of 1924, day nurseries, health service and evening entertainments were undertaken with supervision by teachers and college students. The employers paid the greater part of the expense, while women of local

1927J NOMAD WORKERS IN AM'ERICA

churches provided supplies and some volunteer service. The Council paid a part of the salaries. "

The Oregon departments of labor, health and education started a program to regulate conditions caused by the large number of transients. Any Christian man or woman with a vision of service to their fellow men could accomplish in any part of the United States, a work similar to that carried on in the Oregon farming community. There are two adjoining counties with 25,000 to 30,000 migratory workers every summer.

Women comprised more than half of the 198,147 workers employ~d in canning establishments of the United States in September WHERE THE CHIEF CROPS ARE GATHEREn BY MIGRAlNT WORKERS In the United States, nearly ninety per cent of the cultivated acreage Is used tor five cropscorn, hay and forage, c()tton, wheat and oats. These constitute over seventy-five per cent of the value of all crops. Next come potatoes, tobacco, applIes, barlew. rye and sorghums.

of 1919. Only 35,692 workers were engaged by these same establish-: ments in March of that year. The difference represents 162,455 workers brought into the cannery districts, from neighboring cities or from the year-round migrants who travel.among the canneries, and the garden-truck and fruit harvests. Many women take their children with them for the easier processes of the industry or leave them to unsupervised play around the labor camps or rented quarters in the towns. Some cannery managers deny children entrance to their plants because of danger from machinery or because of the children's damage to the fruit.

* The Council of Women for Home Missions, with headquarters at 105 East 22nd St.. New York City. will confer with church leaders in any part of the United States on this type o! service. It has a stereopticon lecture on this subject, with 60 finely-colored slides and rull text which may be rented at nominal cost.

3

Government statistics are not available for the number of "fruitfollowers." An estimate for the one state of California may be based upon the statement of the department of education that there are 20,000 children who have no chance for an education except in the seasonal schools organized by this state department. According to the school census of 1920, the ratio of school children between the ages of 5 to 15 years to the total population of California would indicate at least 117,647 migratory workers in California agriculture.

A MOVE ACRoss TIlE BORDER Mexicans are the preferred laborers in the cotton, citrous fruit, nuts and vegetables of California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, and in the beet-growing district of Colorado. A conservative estimate places the number of Mexicans now in the United States at 1,500,000, with possibly three fourths of that number in the southwestern states. The remainder are scattered through railroad operations of the Middle West and even in the steel industry of Pennsylvania.

In many sections of the Southwest, the Mexicans live in labor camps which the California Immigration and Housing Commission and the state boards of health in other states find it difficult to make sanitary. The language barrier, the difference in customs and the constant shifting from crop to crop present difficulties for religious effort which make it the more surprising that the Protestant Church has already in its membership more than 15,000 Mexicans in Southern California. The Roman Catholic Church, to which the majority of these Mexican workers are adherents, has a few social service centers for them, but none in agricultural districts, so far as reported, Health and recreation centers will go far toward winning to American standards the masses of dark-skinned neighbors who are pouring into the labor vaccum of the Southwest and whose children. born in the United States, are growing up to American citizenship. The Council has already appointed one full-time. Spanish-speaking worker among the migratory Mexicans in the Imperial Valley, and has received requests for organization in other centers as soon as it can enlist sufficient financial support.

On the Atlantic Coast the migrants in the cannery and truck garden centers are from Russia, Italy and other European countries. The Gulf states report their shrimp cannery workers to be the "crackers" or other" poor whites." The large cotton area of the Old Southland is harvested largely by the resident Negroes, but the volume of migration to the North and West has left some of the southern cotton sections in need of transient harvesters. Secretary James J. Davis of the U. S. Department of Labor reports that in 1926 his Farm Labor Division took 227,000, the surplus of cotton pickers and 7,200 cotton choppers from the burnt-out districts of Texas where the cotton was a failure, to the great cotton sections of

NOMAD WORKERS IN AMERICA

Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi where there was a shortage of labor. .

Beet-sugar workers deserve an entire story of their own, with their increasing numbers, mostly Mexicans, for the summer and fall months, in Idaho, Michigan, Ohio, South Dakota, Iowa, Colorado, North Dakota, Wyoming, Kansas, and Wisconsin. They are usually brought in on contract for the peak of the labor demand, and are left at its close without any help to locate future jobs. Usually they are without sufficient command of English to get information. The Great ,Vestern Sugar Company is endeavoring to establish its beet workers in Colorado in homes of their own, with gardens to culti- vate between the beet seasons. Denver charitable agencies complain of the hordes of beet workers who drift to them after harvest, and MANY BABIES ON THE lWITOMA RpN'OH IN OREGON HAD "LITTLE MOTHERS" WHOSE BACKS WERE NO'!' STRONi1 ENOUGH FOR THE BURDEN become dazzled by the white lights and unfitted for later service in agriculture. The churches have here an opportunity to help these needy people to establish homes and community life.

The wheat belt comprises Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North and South Dakota, certain sections of Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Canada, with limited areas in other states. The Farm Labor Division of the U. S. Department of Labor now mobilizes and distributes about 100,000 harvesters annually, from the June harvest in Texas to September and October in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Many of these men follow the wheat for four or five months. Kansas employs 20,000 to 30,000 wheat harvesters in a normal year, Nebraska somewhat less, Oklahoma 12,000 to 15,000, the Dakotas more than any of the three.

Mr. George E. Tucker, director of the Farm Labor Division,

estimates that 75 per cent of these are single men or deserters. The 25 per cent who are family men represent occupations ranging through college professors, students, lawyers, journalists, ditch diggers and skilled mechanics who want a change of scene and employment. Of last year's harvesters 55 per cent were under 30 years of age, with the largest group at 24 years. Fifty-seven per cent had served in this capacity for 5 years or less; 43 pel' cent for more than 5 years; and 19 per cent for more than 10 seasons.

The wheat harvesters live in the homes of the farmers, or in bunkhouses and barns. They work hard for long hours, and are too =-'~=~,…., tired for week-night entertain- ments, but where Sunday is a harvest holiday the local churches have a chance to bring' Christ's message and help to these voyag- ers on the golden sea of wheat. The Methodist Episcopal clm rch at Larned, Kansas, has conducted basket lunch meeting'S on "shirt- sleeve Sundavs" in the wheat sea- son, and has· cooperated with the county agricultural agent in a wheat harvesters' recreation cen- ter.

Several denominations have done effective service among the men who work in timberlands. In the Washington-Oregon-Idaho re- HARDY MEN OF THE WOODS WHO GROPE gion the Presbyterian Church, FOR 'I'HE GUIDANCE OF A "SKY PILOT" U. S. A., is supporting eleven such workers who bear the name" sky- pilot"; the Christian Church em- ploys one; and the Methodist Episcopal Church, about a half dozen workers. The lumber men are more or less saturated with I. V. W. teaching, and sometimes resent social service organized by their employers, but they are less suspicious of the churches.

The men in the logging industry work only a few months at a time, usually from February or March to June and then suspend operations because of the fire hwzard in the dry summer months. They resume work in September or October and work until the heavy snow blocks their camps for the winter. Isolation and lack of wholesome recreation, the short term in a locality, and temptations to squander earnings and to sink into vice of the cities between jobs, make this group especially in need of the ministration of the skypilot. Radio sets would be a god-send to the camps and would help

NOMAD WORKERS IN AMJERICA

MEXICAN CHILDREN PICKING COTTON IN COACHELLA VALLEY, CALIFORNIA the missionaries prove the friendliness of the churches that send them, Books and magazines, forwarded by arrangement with denominational headquarters, might help make the Church's prayers come true. The sky-pilots cover large areas and can touch each camp at only rare intervals. Thousands of camps still remain without a messenger of Christ, but the agencies of moral destruction surround them on every side, Clean and decent quarters in the Northwest cities are needed for the lumber-jacks between periods in the timber, with opportunities for reading, writing, recreation and rest without danger of robbery or moral temptation. The First Presbyterian church of Portland, Oregon, has such a center in its "Men's Resort." Other city churches might supply similar aid.

The denominational church boards are doing little or nothing, and the local churches not much more, for the large numbers of loggers in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New Hampshire and Maine. The Crossett Lumber Company in Arkansas supports a Y. M. C. A. at a cost of $7,000, and maintains a welfare department in the mill town costing $4:0,000 annually. The Long-Bell Lumber Company and others have made generous appropriations for welfare work. The Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen, popularly known as the" Four L," a cooperative organization which held the North Pacific timber industry steady during the 'VorId War, con-

tinnes its service to the mind and body of the timber workers, but in a limited area. Nineteen states report more than 4,000 workers, each, in this lumber industry, ranging from 4,701 in New Hampshire to 24,371 in Washington.

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS Several denominations are supplying chaplains for the Army and the Navy, and camp pastors. The Protestant Episcopal Church organized in 1844 the Seamen's Church Institute and is now operating 16 branches of it in the United States and the Philippine Islands. The largest institute is in New York City and ministers to thousands of seamen each week.

CONSTRUCTORS, MINERS, AND FISHERMEN Other migratory workers are fishermen on our sea coasts, lakes and rivers, and especially in Alaska during the salmon seasop.; miners, oil field workers, gangs of construction workers on highways, railroads, irrigation projects, and hydro-electric developments.

All of these are engaged in essential industries which are contributing to prosperity. Is it right that the workers should have to surrender all the privileges which may be enjoyed by the American home owner? Most important of all, shall they surrender the right to have the Gospel of Christ preached to them by word and deed 7 How shall they hear without a preacher~ And how shall wc preach except we be sent Y WILL THE CHURCH MEET ITs RESPONSIBILITY 1 America has become a nation on wheels. Shall leaders in the Church combat the menace which threatens to remove a large part of the population from all grooves 7 Shall we help to regulate the migration of workers in agriculture, industries, fisheries, timber and other seasonal occupations, through an enlargement of employment service for intCilrstate distribution of labor? The Church may also influence agriculturists to return to diversification of crops. In the emergency before the economic change is wrought, the Church may redeem for Christian citizenship the two million men, women and little children who migrate all year in the United States, looking for work. Shall the migratory workers be an asset or a menace to America 7 What will the Church do~"

* Acknowledgment is made, for assistance in preparing the above article, to Rev. Ralph S.

Adams. chairman Mfgra,nt Groups Committee, Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missjons; Dr. George McCutchen McBride, head of Geography Department,. University of California, Southern Branch; Mr. Ross Gast. Agricultural Department, Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce; McKinney Plan Company (arcbitects). Los AngeJes.

CITY OF BUDAPEST, HUNGARY, ON THE DANUBE

The Christian Message to the Jews An Account of the TVorld Conference at Bttdapest BY REV. SAMUEL 111. ZWEMER, D .D.

SOME yoars ago Rabbi .Joseph Krauskopf wrote a little book on the Genesis and Exodus of prejudice, in which he used these pathetic words: "Long have we hoped that the teachings of Jesus will at length convert the Christian. Long have we hoped that if Christians, professing enthusiastic admiration of the Sermon of the Mount, find it difficult to follow its principal teaching to do good to those that do ill, they will at least endeavor not to do ill to those that do no ill. And, for making such an appeal, no course is better than asking the Christian to consider the teachings of the Nazarene martyr, of Him whose life and deeds meant love and self-sacrifice, who, according to gospel story, died with words of forgiveness from His lips for those who put Him to death. Freely forgiving those who did Him wrong, how much more would He have abstained from wronging those who never did Him harm. And if He has consciousness of what is being done on earth, how great must His sorrow be to know that those who profess themselves followers of His, those who call themselves Christians, are full of prejudice against Jews, against the people who were His people, of whom He was born, among whom He lived and labored, whom He loved, for whom He suffered and died."

439

Today we witness in all lands, not only the passing of the ghetto, but, at least among Christian leaders, the earnest desire for the passing of prejudice and for ushering in a new day in which the Message of Christ's love shall be carried to the Jews in unmistakable terms of loving service. The ancient city of Budapest was wisely chosen for a world conference on the aspects of this present problem, and the Scottish Mission, which is carrying on a most successful work, were the hosts of the conference with gracious hospitality. The new "~n~ ;,:mc ~~t!''' situation throughout the entire BoldoD ujh811 G1uckliches NeuJahre l J ewish world since the war and the tendency to drift away from the synagogue towards modernism were compelling reasons for this gathering.

From some twenty countries a hundred workers among .Tews (men and women), came together, special papers by experts on vi- tally important aspects of the sub- ject having been distributed by post in advance. These papers in- cluded an analvsis of the tvpes of Jewish people ~nd their wo'rId dis- tribution; the present-day move- ments in Jewry, including the disintegration of traditional Ju- daism, the drift from the syna- ";""r~!O,)'I~"II'!~;.r"I)lOl'' I"~.','r~ ; fIJ'JJ~ .tr"nJ",~'ljClI>to~, .~"l;l'.":. gogue, the development of Jewish 11)" nationalism, and the Jews' search A JIDWISH NEW YEAR CARD FROM for spiritual satisfaction; the in- tensification of anti-semitism and BUDAPEST the use of literature in order to interpret Christianity to fifteen million Jews and to interpret Jewry to Christians.

Dr.•Tohn R. Mott presided as Chairman of the International Mis- sionary Conncil, and the Regent, President Horthy, cordially received a delegation from the conference. For six days (April 7 to 14) the delegates met in daily sessions and in special committees on the problems of evangelization and message, methods of work, literature, training and operation, Later in a plenary conference the care- fully considered findings on these subjects were revised. Elements in the new situation were shown to be that multitudes of younger Jews are greedily drinking in modern knowledge, scientific discovery, new political theories, and are questioning the arti- cles of their faith. This" drift from the synagogue" is a drift much more to atheism, agnosticism, and materialism than to Chris-

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO THE JEWS

tianity. The reasonings of the rabbis are also evidences-like Dr. Klausner's "Life of Jesus"-of a renewed sympathetic approach to the personality of Jesus on the part of eminent Jewish leaders.

The presence of a considerable number of Hebrew Christiansmany of them converts from JUdaism-hailing from the Near East, Europe and America, brought first-hand knowledge of real value. On Sunday afternoon, the question was put to these delegates, "What did you find in Jesus Christ that you did not und and honestly can not be found in Judaism 1"

In response to this question, and in an atmosphere of natural and profound fellowship, one after another spoke-men who had come out of Orthodox Judaism and out of atheistic and revolutionary circles. The answers included such statements as these: "Christ is redemption from sin while Judaism can only condemn sin; He is the THE CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN MJSSIONS TO ,JEWS ASSEMBLED AT BUDAPEST. HUNGARY (APRIL 7 TO 14) reality of the Messiah of which Judaism gives simply the promise; He is a personal experience changing life and making man a coworker; the sender of a community beyond nation and race, whereas Judaism gives only the community of the one nation." One said: "I never knew God until I met Jesus Christ."

The intellectual difficulties advanced against Christianity by Jews were faced, and such conceptions that a Jew need lose his nationality in becoming a Christian were contradicted.

Sometimes the discussions became warm but the temperature, although it might lead to difference of opinion, did not lead to contradiction or disintegration. The hopes of Zion were expressed by a number of delegates. No one could help being impressed by the intellectual ability and special fervour of the Hebrew Christians who represented many lands. One was reminded of the Hebrew Christian national hymn of which one stanza translated into English reads as follows: "As long as there is a drop of blood in our veins, the heart does not stand still. And love burns within us to our sister 'Lo-Ruharna.' Our hope is not yet lost. The hope of the Prophets,

the seers of God. Our nation will yet seek the face of her Messiah and God."

The results of the committees on findings covered the whole of the fields outlined and will later appear in the report.

rrhe obligation, inherent in the Christian faith, to care for the bodies as well as for the souls of men, was affirmed as invariable and universal in its application. For this reason the reinforcement of the work of medical institutions, of homes, and community centers was advocated.

The cardinal problem of the recruiting, training, and welfare of workers was handled vigorously in the direction of seeking workers among the most promising fields of students, of raising the concep- tion of the work to a higher level, and of equipping not only with a biblical, theological and general education, but also a training in ,Jowish thought and faith.

The existence of the conference was itself a fine illustration and a convincing evidence of the need and the desire for wider and more fruitful cooperative effort. The conference turned to the Interna- tional Missionary Council, which in fact made the conference pos- sible, to make its findings known to the churches and agencies, as well as to devise permanent means for insuring continued consul- tation and sharing of knowledge and experience on common prob- lems in addition to research and joint activities.

The wonderful opened door for service, the magnitude and the • difficulty of the task, the limited forces available-all caused the conference to lay special emphasis upon avoiding all unnecessary duplication of effort and lack of concert in planning. This was shown to be especially necessary in Jerusalem and Palestine.

After recognizing the existing literature for Jews, of which some is ephemeral and some permanently valuable, the conference asked for a descriptive catalogue of existing literature. It then pressed for new literature for Orthodox, Reformed, Progressive and "Ma- terialistic" types of Jews, boys and girls and students, on many sub- jects, in book and pamphlet form, as well as literature to give Chris- tians a right conception of Jews and of their responsibilities to them. The impossibility of meeting these large demands with econ- omy and efficiency without cooperation led to the adoption of far- reaching proposals for literature and cooperation.

A forward-looking policy on the fundamental problem of Chris- tian education was finally put forward. The aim was outlined as that of providing the best possible secular education in a Christian atmosphere leading the young mind towards the person of Christ. In countries where anti-semitic influence makes the public schools almost intolerable to the Jew, this situation creates a special call to express Ohristian love in giving education. It was recognized that this involves a large demand for staff, buildings, equipment and cur-

'IHE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE '1'0 THE JEWS

riculum of a high quality. Liberty is essential for teaching the New Testament and Christian truths to Jewish children. Other emphases were laid on keeping in touch with boys and girls after leaving school by the use of clubs, classes and correspondence; the use of play eenters, educational and physical training classes, summer camps, va- cation Bible schools-all coupled with definite Christian teaching at which attendance is voluntary. The desire was expressed that all Christian movements among youth-the Student Christian Move- ment, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., Boy Scouts, Girl Guides- should include Jewish youth in their activities. The great need for special work to meet the special conditions of the life of Jewish womanhood was emphasized in the findings of a special Committee on Women.

A survey of the whole Jewish world was demanded. The situa- tion created by the passing of the ghetto places a new obligation upon chnrches to work for Jews within their neighborhood. The presence of multitudes of Jews in many universities places a similar obligation upon the Student Christian Movement. The long record of injustice and ill usage of Jews was deplored and a call sounded to penitence for such violations of the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. The urgent and growing need for a special presentation of the Christian message to the Jews of the world was emphasized.

The conference was both stirred and sobered by the greatness of the need and opportunity presented in the world and by the scattered and inadequate forces available for meeting them. The fact that so many responsible leaders from such varied areas have met and have reached common findings on so many fundamental problems, is itself a new fact of untold promise for the future.

We were told that in Southeastern Europe there are great mass .movements of the Jews away from the synagogue and toward the Church. Some seventy thousand, in recent years, have embraced Christianity in Hungary, forty thousand in Poland and perhaps sixty thousand in other lands including America. The International Hebrew Christian Alliance of which Sir Leon Levison is chairman is doing much to bind together the Jews of all lands, who are finding ill Christ their ideal and their Saviour. The validity and vitality of our faith are involved in preaching Christ to Mohammedans and .Jews. Theism is not sufficient, one of the Hebrew Christians remarked, I knew nothing about God until I knew Jesus Christ. At such a conference faith was stirred to its depths and one could look forward to a brighter day: "When Israel shall know, whose heart their hardness broke, Whose side they pierced. whose wrath they did provoke, Whose dying love for them upon the Tree, Cried, 'It is finished,' and so set them free."

India's National Christian Council*

BY E. D. LUCAS, I,AHORE Principal of Forman Christian College T HIS National Ohristian Oouncil meets once every two years. Of the sixty members thirty are Indians and thirty are foreign missionaries. About one third of the delegates are women. The Chairman of the Council for a number of years has been the Rev. Dr. Westcott, the Bishop of Calcutta and Metropolitan of the Church of England in India. The Vice-Chairman is Dr. S. K. Datta, the General Secretary of the Y. M. O. A. of India, Burma and Oeylon. The delegates represented every branch of Christian work in India.

Among interesting problems discussed by the Oouncil Meeting were the following: The Transference of Responsibility from Missionary Organizations to Bodies Representing the Indigenous Church.-There are two main types for the transference of responsibility. One practised by the Anglican missions is that whereby their work has been merged in the general work and organization of the diocese of a bishop. The mission is merged entirely in the diocese in which it works and the diocese composed of both Indian and foreign members of the Church controls the work of the missionaries. In Protestant and Oongregational bodies the work has been put under the direction of joint Boards or committees composed generally of one half Indians representing the local churches and the other half missionaries. No methods in and by themselves have been found to give success. Very often the problem is really more a problem of evolution than of devolution, and as both experience and numbers increase there is an inevitable transference of responsibility and activity to the indigenous Church, but to expect a weak, scattered and illiterate' Church to undertake work heretofore done by highly organized missions is to expect the impossible. There was unanimity on the neces~ sity of securing a greater sense of responsibility on the part of the indigenous Church for the entire work of the evangeli'zation of India by every possible method, and the results that have been attained so far are by no means discouraging.

Another problem discussed was the relation of the Ohristian Ohurch to the question of Inter-communal Rivalry, which is now one of the most distressing facts in Indian life. Dr. Datta read a paper on the extent of this inter-communal rivalry and its causes. From the 24th August 1923 to the 22nd July 1926, 73 serious clashes between Hindus and Mohammedans in widely scattered areas took "This council, which includes both missionaries and Indian Christians from all Evangelical Christjan bodies in India, Burma and Ceylon, recently held its biennial meeting in Calcutta.

444 place in India. One of the interesting facts is that these clashes be- came progressively more numerous and more serious. The entire number killed runs into the hundreds and the wounded into the thou- sands. Dr. Datta traced the causes of this inter-communal rivalry back into the nature of the Mohammedan conquest, which reduced the majority of the population of India to a state of subjection, in which they adapted themselves to Mohammedan rule by a process of the more warlike maintaining virtual independence in the more inaccessible and semi-desert districts of Rajputana and the less warlike taking control of finance and commerce and of all forms of business, even to administering the revenue and finances of Government itself, and thirdly by a rigid social boycott of the Mohammedans. When the British came the Mohammedan was pushed out of the position of ruler and there was nothing left for him but to enter the Army or to find a very subordinate place wherever he could. The Hindus, although the British themselves were a commercial nation, quickly took advantage of their knowledge and skill of revenue administratibn of business and finance to fill all the important offices. With the establishment of a complete legal system the superior energy and business talent of the Hindus brought the land as well into their possession. With the coIning of the reforms the Mohammedan leaders have stirred up thein pwn people to a sense of grievance and injury, as they are really the "11ave nots" of India as against the Hindu "haves." Sir Fazl-i-Hussain, the Mohammedan leader in the Panjab, has been the most aggressive leader in this matter.

The National Christian Council has done great service in stimulating interest in Rural Edncation. The work at Moga and other places has been of revolutionary significance to rural education throughout India. As India is largely an agricultural country, and agriculture by far the most dominant industry, it is of untold value to India to receive stimulus in the training of village youth.

It was reported that the Rockefeller Foundation has furnished money for an Industrial Sut'vey of India and that an expert in the subject will reach India this summer to spend two years in a thorough investigation of the industrial conditions in India. There will be an Indian man and woman associated in this study. This is with a view to educating public opinion and also to reveal what actual service Christian bodies can render in industrial centres.

The Council through its officers has done much to aid in educating public opinion on Moral Questions. The Secretary of the Council made a very thorough study of opium in India, and as a result the Government of India has decided to stop all export of opium by the year 1935. In the meantime a steadily lessening amount is being shipped. Public opinion has also been stimulated and educated in the matter of the" Age of Consent," betting and gambling and the

censorship of cinema films, and other important matters affecting the morals of countless people.

It was decided to advise the establishment of a Christian school for the study of Islamic languages and culture at Lahore. Various missionary bodies and the Indian Christian Church are prepared to cooperate in this matter, and it is hoped before many years to have a school at Lahore somewhat along the lines of one already established at Cairo.

The Council, with great regret, accepted the resignation of Rev. "Villiam Paton, M.A., as one of the Secretaries of the National Christian Council in view of his having been urged to accept the post of Secretary of the National Missionary Council with head-quarters at London. Dr. Nicol Macnicol, a great missionary scholar, who has spent many years at Poona, was elected to succeed Mr. Paton.

This year will see the return to India of the major German missions, such as the Basel Mission, the Gassner Lutheran Mission, and certain other German societies, which have in the past done great work in different parts of India. At the close of the War no one could have imagined that these missions would be permitted to return short of a generation and the fact that within less than a decade they are to be reestablished with the hearty cooperation of both the Indian Church in these areas, and of other missionary bodies, British and American, is largely due to the wise guidallC.e and activity of the National Ohristian Oouncil. The hope of the Christian Movement in India is along the lines of greater cooperation and unity amongst all Christian bodies. And here the National Christian Oouncilleads the way.

A Conference in lVladagascar BY RE,V. M. A. HELLcAND, S.T.M., MANASOA, MADAGASCAR Lutheran Board of Missions T HE evangelical missions working in Madagascar held their third Intermissionary Oonference in Tananarive from August 23-30, 1926. The first conference was held in 1913; the second shortly after the Centenary Festival in 1920. At both of the former conferences there were delegates from Europe representing the mission boards but at the third conference no such delegates were present. Two friends from Europe, voted honorary members of the conference, were Miss Owen, traveling for the British and Foreign Bible Society, and Rev. F. Bjrk, a pastor and young people's leader from Sweden.

All evangelical missions* working in the island were represented • The represented were: The London M'issionary SOciety (the oldest in the island), the Society 101' the Pl'op,agation of the Gospel. thQ Norwegian Mission Society. the Friends' Foreign Missionary AssooiatIon, the Norwegian Lutheran Church in Amedea, the Lutheran Board of Missions. and the Paris Missionary Society (Mission Protestante FraD<;aise). At the opening session the officers of the conference were approved as elected by the Interm.issionary Committee; natne]y: Rev. Fr. Bjertnes (N. M. S.) president; M. Ie pasteur Prunet (M. P. F.) vice-president; Rev. W. EVAns (L. M. 8.) general secreta.ry. Two native delegates were millute secretaries:.

1927J A cONF'ERENCE IN MADAGASCAR

at the conference, both by missionaries, and by native delegates, for the first time. Three native delegates were allowed for each mission. The Intermissionary Committee has for some time included one native member from each mission.

The proceedings were conducted in Malagasy. The president reminded the delegates of the fruits of the Gospel in Madagascar, as shown by the fact that delegates from tribes that formerly made incessant war upon each other were now sitting together making plans for the advancement of God's Kingdom. "We are the' light' in this land. Let Christ be mirrored in us."

The various subjects for discussion were. each introduced by a member of the conference designated by the Intermissionary Committee some time in advance. Of the subjects discussed, five con- THE CONFERENCE OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS AT TANANARIVE, 1926 Seated in tbe middle of the group-loft to rjght- are Rov. Bjertn€s, Norwegian M. S. President. Rev. 'V. Evans (London M. S.) Secretary of conference, Mr. Sims, (Friend's MJss'ion), p.resident of luter-mission committee, M. te pasteur Prunet (French Mission l, Vice-president of conference.

cerned school work, including Sunday-schools; two were questions concerning evangelical propaganda and home visitation; one concerned alcoholism; one the Croix Blanche, a society for the promotion of clean morals; and, finally, one question on the problem of the metis.

One result, in school matters, was the decision to appoint a school commission with an executive secretary spending a certain part of his time in this intermissionary work Such a commission is to consider the pUblication of textbooks, give information and counsel, and in general to represent the school werk of the evangelical missions before the authorities in the capital. Such cooperation will be much appreciated, especially by missionaries employed in educational work.

The question of Catholic propaganda was considered at length but the delegates of the S. P. G. announced their inability to take part in this discussion. The Roman Catholics let the evangelicals break the soil and do the pioneering work, after which they begin their propaganda.

On Saturday a mass meeting was held in Ambatonakanga church, built in memory of the Malagasy martyrs. Miss Owen gave a very interesting account of some of her travels in the interest of the Bible Society, and the Rev. Bjrk from Sweden spoke on Genesis 37 : 16: ' 'I am seeking my brethren."

The Intermission~ry Committee and the Intermissionary Conference work, along the lines laid down by the International Missionary Council, are in Madagascar the organ of all intermissionary work. Thus each individual station is connected with the world movement for the spread of the Gospel among all peoples. Our hope and our prayer is that God's Kingdom may come and His will may be done al~o in this far away island.

THE WORD OF GOD AS A MISSIONARY M AN is sometimes bound, "But the Word of God is not bound"; the restrictions and restraints which limit and fetter men do not touch the Book. The lapse of time and stretch of space do not affect it. It knows no depth, disease or decay; utters no unwise word, takes no wrong step, forms no indiscreet alliances, and lowers itself by no political entanglements or worldly compromises.

This Missionary is never weak or weary, needs no rest, and is unaffected by climate, diet, or local surroundings. Ever the same in the fullness of its vitality and efficiency, it accommodates itself to every new environment, equally adapted to all varieties of human temperament.

A stranger alike to external hardship or internal disquiet, this Mes. senger of God never halts in obedience, hesitates in aim, or stumbles in action. It speaks as powerfully to the ignorant as to the educated, the poor as the rich, the low-born as the high-born; is not intimidated by threats, dismayed by persecution, or destroyed by violence.

It is alike unmoved by the skeptic's scoffs, the worldling's indifference, and the bigot's intolerance. It claims to have in it, as His Living Book, God's vital power, and to be Life-imparting, so that men are born from above through it as God's "Seed." (Acts 7: 38; Hebrews 4:12; I Peter 1:23; James 1:21.) These claims, the history of Missions puts to the test, and proves God's Book to be His chosen channel whereby His Spirit pours life into human souls. Hence, even where living men have not yet borne their witness, His Word has often won its triumphs. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Progress of Churches In

for 1926* BY H. K CARROLL, LL.D.

(Compiler of the First Complete Offieial Census of Religions in the United States) T AST year's reports from the churches indicate net gains in com- L municants of 489,556, which means that all losses from death, withdrawal and exclusion have first been filled with new members, and nearly half a million increase the strength of the various religious bodies.

The net figures by denominational families, however, show a downward tendency. The churches, almost without exception, have been pruning their membership rolls by eliminating large numbers of absentees and of the inactive. The Roman Catholic Church is not included among those losing by this process, because it has no lists of communicants and constituents, such as the Protestants keep, nor does it grant letters of dismissal to the migratory. Its lessened growth may be attributed to lessened immigration and to failure of dioceses to report regularly their population. All the churches are aroused over their losses and will doubtless take measures to reduce them.

Among the separate denominations, the Roman Catholic stands first with 16,193,171 and the Methodist Episcopal second with, 4,545,- 866, then come the Southern Baptist with 3,707,523, the National Baptist (Col.) with 3,310,969, the Methodist Episcopal, South, with :3,538,311, the Presbyterian U. S. A., with 1,868,055 and the Disciples of Christ, with 1,436,575. The Northern Baptist has 1,374,688, the Protestant Episcopal, 1,173,679 and the Congregationalist, 918,029.

The number of ministers for 1926 is 216,167, indicating a loss of 647. The number of churches in 1926 was 236,131, an increase of 181. In the previous year there was a decrease of 828, a remarkable difference.

Six bodies, aggregating more than 6,000,000, make no report for 1926, and several of them make no attempt to gather statistics every year. Many denominations leave it to the United States Census Office to ascertain and publish their statistics decennially.

The annual gains of all the denominations for the last seven years, from 1920 to 1926 inclusive, are as follows: 1920, 754,654; in 1921, 1,013,296; in 1922, 784,292; in 1923, 690,992; in 1924, 621,630; in 1925, 984,846; in 1926, 489,556. Thus the gain in communicant members last year was the smallest in seven years.

*From The Christian Heralil~ Ne,w Ynrk City.

449 4

SUMMARY 0]' DENOMINATIONAL GAL.."IS AND LOSES Denominations Summary in 1926 Gains for 1926 Miniflters Churches Communicants Min. Chs. Com.

Adventists (5 bodies) ……….•• 1,570 3,019 1'50,891 d16 8 1,799 Assemblies of God ………….. 1,270 1,074 62,042 115 165 11,656 Baptists (14 bodies) ………… 52,584 62,103 8,670,895 dl,332 d390 66,022 Brethren (Dunkard) (4 bodies) 3,333 1,309 156,76S dOll1 d5 6,60S Brethren (Plymouth) (6 bodies) (c) 4.58 14,244 Brethren (River) (3 bodies) …. 166 89 4,877 2 d142 Buddhist Japanese Temples (c) … 34 12 5,639 Catholic Apostolic (2 bodies) (c) )3 13 2,768 Catholics (Greek (9 bodies) …… 681 675 751,880 30 25 22,250 Catholics (Roman) (3 bodies) …. 24,712 17,494 Hl,303,471 Christadelphians ……………. 218 el7 147,257 Christian Church ……………. 1,0'17 79 4,061 Christian Union …………….. 390 1,0.16 114,136 1 73 Church of Christ Scientist 4,576 320 18,200' d33 d36 d2,333 2,288 4 2 400 71)2 376 Churches of God & SaintS' of Christ 10.1 94 3,311 4 527 (Colored) …………….. . 4.52 488 29,011 92G 666 21,076 Church of God (Winebrenner) Churches of God, General Assembly 155 200 6,000 5 1,000 Churches of Living God (Colored) ] 03 93 0,552 3 d2 23 (2 bodies) ….. '……….. . 2,501 1,548 New Jerusalem Churches Sweden· 63,823 ,1411.) 62 4,0-56 13 borgiau (2 bodies) ……… .. ),784 Church of the Nazarene ……… . Communistic Societies (2 bodies) ..

Congregationalists …………. . ;',5110 5,'636 (f)918,029 16,369 Disciples of Christ (2 bodies) … . 9,378 14,582 1,754,512 216 297 r14,887 1,9'77 2,143 208,171 ENangelical Church …………. . 67 5,179 4H Evangelistic Associations (15 1,167 207 13,933 ,119 8 27,047 bodies) (c) …………… . 1,324 332,667 29 25 d76 Evan~elical Synod of N. America 1,369 35 6,225 694 115,452' Free Ohristian Zion (Colored) … . 721 1,091 357,135 Friends (4 bodies) ………… .. ]O,4{)3 1,683 036,389 533 59 18,522 Jewish Congregations (c) ……. . 238 42,152 10,795 15,549 2,fi88;279 241 Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) (2 626 43 2 500 bodies) ………………. . 477 43,258 23 4,671 1,.524 d60 d743 48,098 Lutheran (20 bodies) ……….. . 44,508 1,018 90,310 d100 10 1,315 62,559 8,968,288 Scandinavian Evangelical (3 bodies) 157 1 51 2,038 119 172 29,119 8 Mennonites (12 bodies) ……… . 718 106 6,281 ,11 008 Methodists (15 bodies) …….. . 418 Moravians (2 bodies) ………. . 28 14,400 4 r188 48,730 Non·sectarian Bible Faith Churches 282 33 926 Pilgrim Holiness …………… . 14,438 192 22 cl2 8,768 Holiness …………………. . 5,793 15,504 5,353 Pentecostal Holiness ……….. . 2,421. 7,831 2,610,71'6 31 9 6,0-37 Presbyterians (9 bodies) …….. . 2,724 1,173,679 Protestant Episcopal ……….. . 70 )49 136 3,2'73 Reformed (3 bodies) ……….. . 4,014 68 547,024 910 Reformed Episcopal …………. . 1,655 8,622 15 6 53 Salvation Army ……………. . 52'5 American Rescue Workers …… . 7 165 77,689 ) dl Sehwenkfelders ……………•. 6 7,858 Social Brethren ……………. . 21 1,589 6 r172 689 Spiritualists ……………… . 600 22 1,800 Temple Society ……………. . 690 6 d1 dl,325 Unitarians ……….'………. . 2 75,000 United Brethren (2 bodies) ….. '.. 482 2 260 d109 cl47 2,297 Universalists ………………. . 2,225 368 Independent Congregations …… . 466 3,558 58,713 267 604 410,631 879 49,794 48,673 Grand Total in 1926 .. , . . . . . . 216,167 2'36,131 47,550,902 d647 181 489,556 Grand Total in 1925 ……… 216,814 2:35,950' 47,0-61,346 3,702 r182'8 984,846 (b) No late returns. (c) Census, 1916. (d) Decrfllase. (£) Estimate.

METHODS

ii HOW TO AND NOT HOW NOT TO By MRS. CLAYTON D. EU1.ET'l'E, OHICAGO, ILLINOIS Chairman of the Civic Committee of the Woman's American BaptIst Home and Foreign Missilm Roeieties How to do what ~ How to present any other religious or philanthropic Foreign Missions to the local church. project there is a direct or indirect The growth and strength of the mis- benefit to the individual, his family, his community, his city or his country. sionary enterprise are increasingly de- At such times as occasionally occur pendent upon the presentation of when the element of catastrophe or missions in the local church. Shakes- emergency enters into the foreign mispeare solemnly asserted that "good sionary 'appeal, this difficulty is partly digestion waits on appetite and health overcome, for it lies in human nature on both." Certainly missionary in- to rise to unselfish and heroic effort terest waits on information, and ade- nnder the urge of an emergency. But quate missionary support on both. If snch effort is not long sustained. this indeed be true, then perhaps we have a clue to the diminishing receipts However, it is not only natural self- of many missionary societies. Perhaps L"hness and indifference to what seems the cause is not now being presented of no personal concern that make the in a sufficiently definite and arresting task difficult. A further element of manner. A catalog of the different difficulty lies in the arguments. against methods being used might not seem foreign missionary work loudly prof- to justify this conclusion. Their name fered by American tourists who have is legion. It is not our purpose, here, visited the lands where such work is to attempt to add to this sum total of hl'.ing carried on. It matters not that definite methods. We may accomplish they have given to it at most only a more by considering the question de casual, superficial inspection, and novo, and outlining some things which sometimes have not even taken the would facilitate and make of more time to visit missions at all. The lasting effect the presentation of mis- vociferous insistence of their criticism sions in the local church. We are con- is usually in inverse ratio to their real sidering at once a science, governed acquaintance with the work; but of by definite rules which we may dis- this their auditors are unaware. Is cover, and a business, which demands there not a quaint justice in this chalconstant attention and assiduous pro- lenge, made when one of these decriers motion if it is to succeed. curtly refuses to contribute to the This is a task which is most diffi- offering because he does not believe in cult, important, and far-reaching in Foreign Missions: "Take some money, its effects. It is difficult because the then; it is for the heathen'''! There foreign missionary cause has no ap- would be no foreign missionary work parent bearing upon the life of the if it waited upon such people to iniindividual-he does not seem to share tiate and support it. But how would in or to benefit by the results. And they themselves have been given the in this old self-remembering world gospel message if their own viewpoint that fact is often quite enough to keep had been shared by early Christians? interest at the zero point. In almost Fortunately for them, it was not.

451

The task we are considering is im- (1) Determination to reach the en- portant, for it concerns the completion tire local church; to seek to make the of obedience and the fulfilment of the Christian Mission enterprise a church obligations entered into by us when affair, receiving official consideration we accepted salvation for ourselves. of the groups directing church action The basic, inescapable function of and policies, instead of being the con- the Christian Church, that for which cern of a limited number of people.

it was established, and that for which One successful method for accom- it has been preserved through the long plishing this is through the establish- ages, is the missionary function. ment of a Board of Missions, coor- Many Christians are willing to sup- dinate with the other official boards port missionary work which is close at of the church, with its membership hand; but unless the Gospel is carried elected or appointed by the church in "into all the world" there is not en- the same manner as the other boards.

tire obedience to Christ's command. This Board of Missions recommends a Foreign missionary work is the final missionary budget to the church for flowering of Christian love and friend- its adoption, promotes measures for ship; necessity for it is implicit in meeting this budget and makes its re- Christianity itself. ports directly to the church. It also Our task is far-reaching-not be- makes plans for stimulating mission- cause of th~ distance involved, but in ary interest on the part of the mem- a causal sense. It is far-reaching in bers of the church, and for furnishing its effects upon the lives of those en- information concerning missions. The listed; in its results in the lives of day of haphazard missionary presen- those reached with the gospel mes- tation should be over. The aim should sage; in knitting together the fabric be to develop interrelated plans of of the nations; in weaving into this presentation with essential unity in fabric world friendship, world peace, spite of necessary diversity of method.

world standards of action and (2) Adaptation to the manner of thought; in bringing in the Kingdom life, motives and power of response of of God, with all that that term eon- the group to bc reached. Presentanotes. tions which in a city church prove powerful and compelling, fail utterly The Five "Ps"

Let us eonsider successively Pur- in a rural ehurch, and vice versa. pose, Personnel, Principles, Problems The type of church to be reaehed is and Plans. of vital importance in determining the I. The Purpose is to lead Chris- method to be used. Similarly, the tians to know about, believe in, advo- type of individual in the group is a eate, support and pray for Christian determining element. 'l'here should missions in foreign lands. be careful adaptation to diversity of II. The Personnel to whom pre- training and temperament. How lacksentation is to be made is found in a ing in discrimination it is for instance, cross-section of the local church: to base the foreign missionary appeal (a) The pastor, in most cases the leader solely upon obedience to the Great in the religious thinking of his flock. Commission, in a group whose mem- bers cannot think in terms of abstract (b) The laymen-interested bnt otherwise absorbed.

(c) The women, saintly and otherwise. obligation. Their interest may be in- (d) The yonng people, popularly known stantly won, however, by simple tales as up and coming but sadly enough in many of eager response to the Gospel on the cases up and goiJng out from the church's part of natives, and by intimate active life.

(e) The ehidren, sometimes the terror of glimpses of resulting changed lives. the preseut, albeit the hope of the future. Like Paul, we should be ready to em- III. The Principles which should ploy all means that we might by all govern presentation are, broadly means win some.

speaking, three: . (3) Recognition that persistent and

1927J BEST METHODS

pertinent publicity is absolutely essen- seminaries, more especially lately, tial. there have been established courses in Missioml. But in many there is still (a) A publicity which presents the Gospel no intensive study of the motives, as the basis of Foreign Missions. methods and results of Missions. The young minister does not therefore (b) A publicity which gives salient mis· have missions woven into the fabric sionary facts in simple form. One wise en· of his religious life-the promotion of thusiast (a specialist in business publicity) Missions does not appear as an essenprepared and placed in strategic positions tial part of his ministerial task. placards, each containing a simple question, When it is brought to his attention with the statement that the answer would later it seems something superimposed be posted in a certain place. Curiosity was aroused, interest awakened and the answers and is consequently often reluctantly were sought. and inadequately incorporated into his church program. A pastor, who (c) A publicity which avoids unnecessary is now outstanding for his missionary use of technical terms. We smile at the interest, has frankly said that college story of the boy who thought a furlough and seminary produced no missionary was an ox cart because he saw a picture of impression upon him and he entered a missionary getting into such a vehicle and the gospel ministry with his only read underneath the words, "Starting home memory of missionary influence that on his furlough." But a lack of under· of a "Farther Lights Society" for standing of many oft·used terms is not un· girls, conducted by a woman of the usual, and is a real handicap in developing church. A visit to the orphanage of missionary interest. the Church Missionary Society in Nazareth, where nearly a hundred ( d) A publicity which quite naturally orphaned children of Arab parentage takes church members into its confidence were being fed, clothed and taught in regarding foreign missionary problems and the name of Jesus Christ, he calls his situations. "exposure" to actual missionary work, and he credits this visit with his (e) A pUblicity which interprets news· paper reports of foreign events, and is alert, conversion to Foreign Missions. But where necessary, to counteract the effect of few of our pastors are able to take such reports. trips to far lands in the early years of their ministry and thus secure the The Six Problems missionary impulse which might have come to them during their years of IV. The Problems to be recognized preparation. They are not to blame and solved are many. There seems to that this situation exists, but we are be at least one problem for each group not free from blame if we do not do of the Personnel to be reached and, in all in our power to change it. addition, some others thrown in for good measure. (b) The Laymen's Problem. The laymen in our churches depend (1) The Pastoral Problem. How largely upon the pastors for their can we expect the Pastor to be mis- understanding of religion and what sionarily inclined and to welcome a it involves. Without missionary presprogram for foreign missionary pres- entation from the pulpit, therefore, entation unless Missions has appeared there is no adequate participation as a basic, fundamental part of his from the pew. Even personal appeal~ official preparation for the ministry? to laymen for contributions result in Yet how many of our theological sem- failure, for the laymen reply that they inaries offer distinctive courses in will consult their pastors, and pastors Jfissions for which the student is ex- who have no missionary vision do not pected to register just as naturally readily permit what they consider and inevitably as he registers for "outside causes" to receive contribu- Homiletics or Old Testament Prophecy 1 In some cases, I have been told, there are courses in Missions and Church History, with emphasis upon Church History. (The combination offers a resemblance to the cans of what the market calls pork and beans -a partnership in which pork is often characterized by its infrequent and irregular participation.) In some

tions which might just as well be re- of their standards. 'l'here should tained for current expenses. A fur- never, however, be omitted or mini- ther problem is that for the average mized that which alone is the motive laymen too often Missions has as- and the power of Missions-the Gos· sumed a feminine aspect. Tolerant pel of Jesus Christ.

and smiling, he thinks of his wife as (e) The Children's Problem. Child- "over at the missionary meeting" hood has not stood still in its language and does not know that Missions is a and in its ideals. The same need for man's job, challenging and deserving adaptatkm and for comprehensible all that he· has of time, devotion and appeal exists here also. This need is resources. clearly recognized and met by some (c) The Woman's Problem. Wom- of the specialists engaged in mission- en, while not in reality the pioneers ary education for children, with the in missionary work, have had more result that where their plans are leisure for the study of Missions and adopted and followed the interest of they are as a rule farther along in the children is enlisted to a remark- missionary thinking than the other able degree. One boy wrote a note to groups in the church. The problem himself and placed it in a conspicuous here is simply to call this fact to their position lest he should inadvertently attention and ask their assistance in forget to attend the" missionary meet- making Missions as real to tlle rest ing," so fascinating had it beeome, of the church. as it is to them. Their and so linked with the dominant in- patience and tact and ingenuity can terests of his life.

then be depended upon to assist in co- A man past sixty years of age re- ordinating the entire missionary pro- lated recently that as a child l!e gram of the church. eagerly gave the contents of his bank (d) The Young People's Problem. to help a missionary from India buy An article in a recent number of one an elephant to be used in evangelistic of our outstanding magazines written touring through the jungle. The lad by one who has had years of teaching never forgot the thrill of part ownerand observation in a large state uni- ship of an elephant in the jungle, and versity, has for its title" Wanted-A as he grew to manhood he never lost Substitute for Righteousness." The the missionary interest thus aroused.

trend of the article is not what one (f) An Additional Problem. A might fear from that subject, but is problem which is very real in many rather an exposition of the fact that foreign missionary societies arises young people do not think in the from the fact that the secretarial force terms employed by the present gen- is reduced in number below the point eration of adults. While they may of efficiency because of a budget based be led to choose the things or the acts upon inadequate receipts. We have which we term righteous, they will here the time-honored" vicious circle"

not choose tllese things because they –our people do not give more gen- are "righteous" but rather because erously, we are told, because they do they can be shown to con.form to what not receive more definite, concrete in- are the young people's own highest formation; they do not receive more standards, differently expressed. If definite, concrete information because the missionary enterprise is to appeal they do not give more generously.

to present-day young people and to That is, their gifts do not make pos- win them for active adherents, it must sible the employment of those who can be presented to them in phraseology devote their time to making foreign which they understand, and not in missionary work vivid, vital and real.

terms of a day that is past. It must I have been told that the Protestant be voiced by those who are in their denominations have an immediate confidence and in sympathetic touch local ehurch building program of with the shifting names and nature $500,000,000. How unthinkably small,

BEST METHODS

in comparison, scrm our most ambi- t.hen welcome suggestions and plans tious dreams for the support of For- for putting Missions into the lay eign lIissions. A corps of officers less thinking of the church, and will willoverworked and with more time for ingly make room in their sen'ices, conf!tructive yet simple, concrete pres- from time to time, for missionary entation of needs and facts would presentations. They will also give have opportunity to bring about a :issions a new and more worthy place foreign missionary program which jn their preaching. Among the means would be a more worthy complement for' accomplishing these results are; to this splendid church building project. (a) Pastors' conferences, addressed by missionaries and mission executives. Plans for Each Problem (b) The personal influence of pastors who V. Plans. There should be at themselves recognize the essential missonary least one plan for each problem. Some (. haracter of the Gospel. of these, however, need not be amplified as they suggest themselves in the (c) Especially prepared literature which very contemplation of the problem. makes clear the urgency, the importance and the inspiring results of the missionary enter· '(1) Let us take steps to encourage prise. Pastors have often been won to an ollr seminaries to establish chairs of intelligent interest in Missions through mis· missions, and to elect to those chairs sionary incidents and illustrations supplied men or wom.en who are educational to them as material for sermons. experts and recognized as authoritieR in missionary subjects. Our pastors (2) Let us put upon the foreign will then go into the ministry equip- missionary enterprise the masculine ped with belief in the supreme im- stamp in addition to the feminine one portance of and knowledge about the which it has so long horne. Let us missionary enterprise. (It might be more frequently ask laymen to talk possihle, where this is necessary, to as- missions to each other and to the sist the seminary in financing this whole church. Not long ago a man of addition to its faculty and curricu- great wealth who had built up and lum. Certainly later results from a become the president of the largest missionary ministry would more than husiness of its kind in the world, was repay the effort, and douhtless givers invited to occupy the pulpit of a could he found who would he appealed large city church on Sunday morning. to hy the permanent and increasing Among other things, he said, "The value of such a measure.) Might it man who says 'what happens in China even be possible to go a step further is not my funeral' is digging his own and request that elective courses in grave, and it will be a grave for his -:Tissions, with credits, of course, he soul as well as for his body." It offered by colleges, surely by Chris- would he impm;;sihle to estimate the tian colleges, and possibly even hy yalue to Foreign Missions of such a tho~e under private control? statement from a man of his known achievements, or the influence which While such measures will greatly it doubtless exerted upon the business benefit the missionarv cause in the fu- men and the amhitious young men of ture, we recognize that our problem that audience. is a present one. Why may we not, therefore, pending the strengthening Let us encourage our laymen to of the seminary's missionary influ- think for themselves in the matter of ence. endeavor to estahlish a vital giving, and to realize that the thoughtmissionary contact with our pastors, less or indiscriminate giver is not the ('specially with those who do not yet generous one but the lazy one. It is recognize the rightful place of mis- true that "the Lord loveth a cheerful sionary emphasis in the business of giver." but He has wider use in His being a religious leader? They will kingdom for the intelligent, conscien- tious giver, the one who accompanie~ bis gift with his interest and his prayers. Therefore let us link foreign missionary appeals and presentations

to the interests which the individual upon the workers, and limitations are is known to have. continually hedging in a work, the (3) In some denominations work- glory of which, if it were allowed to expand, no man might predict and ing under what is known as a coop- only the omnipotence of God might erative program, the plan obtains of' determine. Certainly a cooperative allotting to Foreign Missions a certain movement ought seriously to concern definite percentage of undesignated itself with and seek earnestly to discontributions. In some cases this per- cover and to remove the causes of centage was not based upon a desire actual detriment to the work carried to allocate for foreign mission work on by some of the organizations enthat proportion of receipts which gaged in it. Whether the detriment would seem fair and just after a study is the result ()f or merely exists simulof all denominational responsibilities. taneously with the program of coop- It was based rather upon the as- erat.ion is not material and does not sembling of the budgets of various or- affect the principle of united responganizations for a given year or years, sibility for the good of all. No party and thus may be said to be more or to a unified movement can suffer as less accidental. As a result, the :B'oreign Missions is in many instances amount spent for foreign missionary now suffering, without serious reacwork appears to bear no definite rela- tion upon such unified movement, and tion to the number and the need of without injury to the entire. missionthe group served. It would therefore ary enterprise. seem reasonable and desirable that a careful, comprehensive and impartial It has always been true that emstudy should be made of this question, phasis upon Foreign Missions does not with a view to ascertaining and recom- lessen or det.ract from interest in mending an equitabie basis of support other types of work carried on for Foreign Missions. through united eff()rt. An outstand: ing Home Mission executive has many (4) There is another important con- times said that "Foreign Missions is sideration which has direct bearing the tide that lifts all the ships in the upon the presentation of the foreign harbor. " The right ki;nd of a coopmissionary enterprise. In some de- erative program-and who desires any nominations where what has been re- but the right kind ?-has nothing to ferred to as a cooperative program is fear from an adequate emphasis upon in force, this cooperative program Foreign Missions; the cause of Christ seems engaged in displaying what the and the spiritual welfare of our French would call "the defects of its churches have much to gain thereby. qualities. " Now the excellent qualities of cooperation are many and ob- At the meeting of the Federation ()f vious. But if a cooperative movement Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions does not bring about or at least con- held in Atlantic City during January, tribute largely to the growth and suc- this truth was emphasized: "Only as cess of the organizations uniting in it, new tides of spiritual life begin to it defeats the very purpose of coop- flow within the Church can the waiteration, which is mutual benefit and ing tasks be accomplished." Let us aid in performing all the tasks of all. not forget also t.hat in the Providence It is an all too evident fact that the of God only as the waiting tasks are cause of Foreign Missions is not bene- undertaken and accomplished' will fiting by increased support and re- new tides of spiritual life begin to flow within the Church. The foreign sources. In fact, it cannot even be missionary tasks are waiting to be said to be holding its own. The story undertaken in that complete consecrais told in steadily mounting deficits, tion and fulness of devotion which in continued retrenchment and suc- Christ asks of those who would follow cessive reductions in expenditure. in His train.

Restrictions must constantly be placed

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. McLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK BUILD A WALL OF FAITH AND tinue steadfast in their purpose LOVE AROUND THE CHURCH to make Christ known as the IN CHINA sure hope of China's national Days of unprecedented spiritual, life. mental, and physical turmoll in China 6. That throughout the Christian constitute a challenge to all sincere and intelligent followers of Christ Church in America and Europe throughout the world. there may arise a determination We urge Christian people to be con- to make the principles of Jesus tinally in prayer for this great nation Christ operative in every avenue in the hour of its intellectual and through which we of the West political awakening. Let us all pray: touch this great nation. 7. That to men and women every- 1. That the Missionaries may maintain where may come a vision of a courage .and a radia~t faith in Christian China where the Spirit the eternal values and ultimate of God shall be triumphant. success of their work, and that And above all let us all pray a they may be led to reflect in special prayer of: counsel and deed the true motive and purpose of their presence in 1. 1'hanlcsgimi..g-for the spiritual awaken- China. which is taking place among the Chi· nese. 2. That the Chinese Christian leaders thrust into the midst of unex- 2. Confidenco—-that the Spirit of God is able to make righteousness and love suo preme.

pected and heavy responsibilities FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF may be girt about by the strength NORTH AMERICA.

and wisdom of God, and may be FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF enabled to live as Jesus would, FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH and thus contribute to the up- AMERICA.

building of their new nation the GINLING COLLEGE, CHINA essential and vital elements of the Christian faith. "The Nanking incident" bas 3. That the Christian Church, though brought that ancient Chinese city and tried as by fire, may be greatly its many Christian institutions into strengthened and enabled to en- the headlines of the newspapers of the dure faithfully through all hard- world and into the serious thinking ships without faltering in the of governments and or mission supreme task of the interpreta- authorities. What actually happened Hon of Christ in an relationships on March 24, and who was responsible of life. for attack.., on foreigners-mission- 4. That government officials of West- aries, business men and government ern nations may exhibit true repl'esentative&-is not yet fully friendship for China, and sincere understood, and therefore judgment sympathy for the Chinese in must be delayed.

their best aspirations. The news from China, so perplex- 5. That Christians in the United ing and disturbing, if thoughtfully States and Canada may have a studied, shows great historical events sympathetic appreciation of the shaping before our eyes. China, the difficulties facing this great ancient and vast, "has struck her people, and that they may con- tents and is on the march. " Whither, 45,7

no man knoweth, but there is hope as whole city can be seen, and outside the well as danger in times of change. city wall in the far distance the It is a time to pray. • Yangtze River. Purple Mountain Revolutions-not only a political makes the view glorious, gold in the revolution, a declaration of independ- morning, purple at night.

ence against foreign domination, but Three academic buildings form a social and industrial revolution, quadrangle open to the east, facing revolution in science and educatioT.l Purple Mountain: a recitation buildand in literature-are in progres~. ing, a science hall, and a central build- And besides a revolution a civil war to ing which has in it a temporary unify a nation that has long showed chapel, the gymnasium, a formal guest a preference,for "states rights. " hall, a music studio, and small rooms Neighbors and friends may wish to for use by student organizations.

help. Sojourners and guests may feel Four dormitories provide a home for abused by having to withdraw for a the faculty and s.tudents.

time, but China will have to decide The buildings of the college are in her own destiny. Among those present in Nanking on Chinese style, carried out consistently in exterior decoration in columns, the day of "the incident" were the faculty and students of the Woman '8 cornices and roofs, and in a detail of windows, with a restrained use of Christian College-Ginling-for which many in America have worked and color. The seven buildings now in use prayed since before its opening in are part of a larger group of four- 1915. iE:ight mission Boards, Smith teen planned for 400 students. The College, the China Medical Board, money for the buildings was raised in and the Young Women '8 Christian As- a campaign for O'riental colleges carsociation provide more than two thirds ried on between ]920 and 1923. The of the expenses, fees from the students present buildings with land and amounting to nearly one third. Gin- equipment haWl cost approximately ling is incorporated under the Re- $435,000 Gold. gents of the State of New York, thus having the right to grant the B.A. Because of disturbed conditions atdegree to her graduates. tending revolution, the opening of schools has been a problem in many parts of China, but the new term at Iu September 1923 the college Ginling opened February 17, with all moved to its new campus with 100 the students back, except those whose students enrolled. The total enroll- home~ were in distant provinces. As ment in September, 1926, was 152, the day of battle drew near, seven representing twelve provinces, eleven Rtudents were called home by fearful denominations and all ranks of parents. They left reluctantly, but society. obeyed, as many missionaries have left The faculty of thirty has ten with reluctance in obedience to con- Chinese, two English and eighteen :mls and bishops who felt responsible Americans holding degrees from Bryn for the lives of their charges.

:Mawr, Chicago, Columbia, Clark, A student wrote shortly hefore the Drury, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Southern army entered Nanking: Mount Holyoke, Oberlin, Smith, Wel- "Last Saturday evening the stu- lesley, Western, Wisconsin, and Ox- dents were going to have a lantern ford, England. procession, but on account of the un- The college has a campus of forty settled conditions outside, they post- acres lying between Drum Tower, and poned it indefinitely. In its stead we the west wall of the city in a region had a large party in the gymnasium.

of rolling hills, some of which are There were grand marching, folk wooded, and pleasant valleys, ofl'ering dancing, class sing-iug and games.

all the attractions o£open country. Everybody seemed to have enjoyed it From the hill-top on the west the much…… .

19~iJ WO:IAN '8 l"ORElGN ~il188ION BUL'LET I N

•. Ch ina is very mu~h upset; it is hlwe the goodwill of all the ~outh trne there are strikes, anti-British llmerican people. Bishop Oldham, in hc:eling~, anti-Christian feelings, but charge of Methodist work in South these must be as passing side lines along with the main force. At the America, says of this great effort: same time thero is a great body of "In my life-long missionary serv- Chinese Christians and non-Christians in China today, working very ice I have seen nothing more comprehard according to the principles of hensive, more statesmanlike, more ,JeSlIs to bring a better understanding and more lasting peace between all opportune than this united effort on the nations of the earth. .:IIy brother. the part of Christian Churches of thc '1'. Z. Koo, is going to America on United States to equip in a worthy March 12th to represent China. manner these institutions in South Alnerica. ' , "Your prayer is greatly needed One of the main endeavors under ,,,ill now, because we do not kilOW what the head of "specialists in health" happen to us next. But we put is to provide nurses who can develop ourselves in the hands of our Heavenly health centers and dispensaries in the Father, and trust Him, so we mig];t needy places. Perhaps this is one of have peace in our hearts." the greatest opportunities of the en- EDUCATIONAL ADVANCE IN SOUTH tire effort. AMERICA '1'he Women's Cooperating Com- The Campaign for $2,590,000 for mittee, of which ~lrs. :Ioses Charles Educational Advance in South Uigel, a graduate of Santiago Col- America reported on .!fay ] 8t that lege, Chile, is Chairman, held a it had rea(lhed the $615,000 mark. This luncheon in November at the Hotel campaign is a cooperativc effort of Commodore, New York, at which t he United Christian .:Ilissionary Society, the Presbyterian Board of nearly a thousand women and many Foreign ~Iissions, the .:I[ethodist Epis- men were present. Many prominent copal Board and Woman's Foreign South Americans were in attendance, Missionary Society, the Committee on including Hon. Vincente Ramitez, Cooperation in Latin America. and Minister from Paraguay; Sr. Ale- .:IIaekenzie College for an "inter- .iandre Bolini, Consul General of continental program of Christian edu- Argentina; Sr. Pablo Pacheco, Concation, social and health instruction" sul General of Paraguay; and Dr. in twelve strat('gic centers in South Erasmo Braga, author and educator. America. This program is in response Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt presided to South America's request for North at t11e speaker's table, and Dr. Mary American cooperation. The money E. ''{oolley, president of ~rount Holwill be used "to strengthen ten out- ~'oke CAlllcge was one of the speakers. standing schools and three seminaries, to provide specialists in health, social $43.000 was subscribed on this ocservice, religious education and litera- casion. ture, and to assist in the work among the needy millions of Indians." Thp Meetings have been held in several leaders of South America, both in the cities of the middle west, and during Evangelical Church and outside, have the spring women's luncheons in asked our assistance in this task, and Pennsylvania cities have won the inthe institutions which have been terest and enthusiasm or large groups. selected for cooperative development The Camp~ign is not only getting the necessary funds for the Educa- tional Advance in South America, bnt is one more experience in fellowship with sister denominations, and one more effort to promote better under- standing between the United States and our South American neighbors.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 E. 22ND STREET, NEW YORK COMITY 4. Differences in ecclesiastical pro- From a report of the Committee of the cedure complicate the situation. For Home Missions Council and C()uncil of Women example, different denominations ilfor HOome Missions, H. N. Morse, Chairman. lustrate differing degrees 0:1' control (a) by minor judieatories over local This subject involves the :l'ollowing churches, (b) by superior judicatories questions: over minor judicatories, (c) by mis- sionary organizations over local situ- 1. Under what circumstances shall com· ations, (d) by national societies over petition and over·churching he held to ex· their local or regional representatives. ist? There are different methods of han- dling funds and controlling their ex- 2. What are the minimum essentials of a penditure with divided control in local church program which should be reo many instances. garded as constituting adequate occupancy of a neld and on the basis of which a par- 5. Particular situations are compliticular church should be accorded exclusive cated by a great variety of factors; responsibility' for illustration, property investments 3. What principles of procedure are now feasible for boards to enable them, at the earliest possible date, to remove home mis' sion aid as a factor in over·churching and competition'

Many complications and confusions or endowments, theological differare involved in this question of comity ences, questions of denominational because of different factors inherent prestige and 0:1' traditional attachin home mission work. The following ments and loyalties, meager ideals of points might be cited: church work and of Christian li:l'e and responsibility prevalent in many com- 1. The various Protestant denomi- munities. nations have, apparently, no common opinion as to urgency 0:1' comity or as 6. Home mission aid is only one to their responsibility :l'or it. Neither factor in the comity problem. Se1£- is there agreement as to what consti- supporting churches are equally imtutes comity as distinguished from portant.

unjustifiable competition. 7. While competition and rivalry 2. Each major type of community are not wholly absent :l'rom any of the or of population served presents a major fields of mission work, in most different aspect of the question, re- of the exceptional areas there is somB quiring some differentiation both in sort of machinery or procedu.re for standards and in proeedure. dealipg with it, as there is, also, in 3. In actual adjustments, there are most major cities and in some states.

at least five distinct "focal" points There is, however, a wide variation to be considered: the local constitu- apparent in ideals, in methods and in ency, the minor church judicatory, effectiveness. It seems fair to state the regional or areal officials charged that the Town and Country field ap- with responsibility :l'or the extension pears to present the most complicated and oversight of denominational and difficult situation.

work, the superior judicatory and the 8. Finally, no one agency seems to national missionary societies. Each have a clear track in attempting to of these presents a different problem. deal with the question.

Further, the lack 0:1' any common ec- These points are cited to make clear clesiastical unit, geographically speak- that it will be no light task to rid our ing, increases the difficulty 0:1' obtain- Protestant mission work of overing effective action :l'or any consider- lapping and competition. The fur- able area. ther one proceeds in this study the 460 more vital does it seem that we should should be asked to undertake the re- immediately move out of the realm of sponsibility of maintaining at least academic discussion and scattered ex- the minimum standard of service and perimentation and grapple with this equipment in that community.

problem in a serious and thorough- The following alternative methods going way. of adjustment are generally recog- Comity Principles Applicable to Eng- nized as applicable under these cir- lish-Speaking Work in the Town and Country Field cumstances : The unconditional withdrawal of o'ne de· nomination in favor of the other, or 1. A field sh,all be iI'egarded as ade- The withdrawal of one denomination in quately occupied when, for each 1,000 favor of the other on the basis of a recippopulation, homogeneous as to lan- rocal exchange (i. e., favoring the with· drawing denomination in another commu- guage and color and reasonably ac- nity), or cessible from a given point, there is The withdrawal of both in favor of a present one church meeting at least the following minimum standard of third not now present, or The formation of a federated or commu· nity church.

service and equipment: 5. No new enterprise should be initiated with missionary support in Resident pastor devoting full time to contravention of the above principles. work of the ministry, Public worship every Sabbath, Sunday·school meeting regularly, 6. Mission aid for building pur- Edifice reasonably adequate to needs of poses should not be given a competing the community for worship, religious train- church as above defined. ing and service, provided that where a ehUl'ch has or is proposed to have the ex· 7. In the expenditure of missionary elusive occupancy of a field it will receive money in the Town and Country field in Christian fellowship all varieties of the following objects should be re- Evangelical Christians without subjecting garded as of primary importance: them to doctrinal or other tests which do not accord with the standards of their reo (a) As a first ,responsibility, to spective faiths. build up the highest type of service 2. Conversely, a coiIdition of over- standard for each church which now churching and competition shall be has or which is proposed to have the held to exist where the number of exclusive responsibility for a field. churches in the community exceeds the above ratio, if at least one church (b) To strengthen particularly for demonstration purposes, churches per] ,000 people maintains this mini- which face situations of unusual difmum standard of service and equip- ficulty or unusual strategic impor- ment. tance.

3. Where, within the terms of this (c) Adequately to occupy now un- definition, an aided church is main- occupied communities and to serve tained in competition with a self- now unreached populations.

supporting church (i. e., a church 8. Where the work of a given which draws its current support ex- church is to be discontinued, the clusively from the given community), policy should be definitely to dissolve the latter, if it meets the minimum its organization and unite its member- standard shall be regarded as entitled . ship with other existing churches.

to the field and the grant in aid to the 9. As a step on the way to complete competing church should be annually cooperation, competition is held to be decreased looking to the complete ces- particularly unjustifiable if between sation of aid at the end of three years. churches belonging to the same one of the following recognized groups. 4. Where no one of the churches in an over-churched community is se1£- (1) Liturgical churches supporting as above defined, the de- (2) Churches practicing the baptism of be· nominations- concerned should confer lievers only at once to determine what church (3) Churches of' other denominations.

10. Each mission board or agency Southern CaUfornw (Los Angeles)-July is urged immediately to undertake a 7-12-Mrs. Chas. D. Hill, 1488 W. 27th St., study of its aided churches to deter- Los Angeles, Calif. mine where competition as above defined exists. W'ilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsyl- vania-June 29-July 6-Mary C. Peacock, CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF Torresdale, Pa.

MISSIONS Winona Lake, Indwna-July 25-August 1 -Mrs. Henry Harmeling, 24 ~,ast 1D'7t" St., AfB.liated with Chicago, Ill.

Conncil of Women for Home Missions Home Missions Institute DATES AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1927 C'Alndueted by Council of Women for Home Missions Bethesda, Ohio-July 11-15-Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, W. Chautauqua, New York-August 14-19- Va. Mrs..John l<'erguson, 156 5th Ave., N. Y. Ave., N. Y. Boulder, Colorado – June 15-2:4 – Mrs. Frank 1. Smith, 515 E. 11th Ave., Denver, RELIGIOUS PRIVILEGES FOR THE Colo. BLIND Dallas, Texas – October 3-7 – Mrs. Merwin A. Stone, 48()7 Swiss Ave., Dallas, It has been found that the American Texas. Bible Society, in providing the Bible in both Authorized and American Dallas, Texas (Negro)-October 3-7- Standard Revised Versions in 30 Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, volumes, has made the largest contri- Texas. bution of any Protestant Evangelical society. DeLand, Florida-January 31-February 5 (February 1-7) '-Mrs. Dora Smith, 135 Next are contributions of the Bast New York Ave., DeLand, Fla. Seventh Day Adventists, 19 titles; Protestant Episcopal Church, 7 titles; Houston, Texas-First week in October- McConkey l"und, 4 titles; and single Mrs. Chas. Fred Jewett, 406 SuI Ross Ave., books by other societies not specifical- Houston, Texas. ly connected with any denomination.

Illinois-Missouri (Greenville" IlI.J-June The total titles, aside from Scrip- 20-24-Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., tures, of religious books published by Webster Groves, Mo. evangelical bodies or interests, so far ascertained, is 20, and 5 other titles Lake Geneva, Wisconsi1V-.Tune 27-July 4 have been announced as contemplated. -Mrs. Henry Harmeling, 24 East 107th St., Chicago. Ill. Roman Catholic publications num- ber 9 titles and 38 contemplated; Mills College, Oakland, Californw-June Theosophists, 3 titles and 22 contem- 22-29-Mrs. Paul Raymond, 90 Santa plated; Christian Scientists, 4 titles; Monica Way, San Francisco, Calif. Jews, 1 title.

Minn&ota (MinneapoU..-St. Paul)-June The need for a further and con- 2·0-24–lMrs. F. F. Lindsay, ,2:5 Seymour tinuous supply of healthy inspira- Ave., S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. tional or informational religious books from the Protestant evangelical point 'Mt. Hermon, Californw-July 6-13-Mrs. of view is emphasized by all ac- C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln Way, San quainted with facts, as well as by Francisco, Calif. facts themselves.

'Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–Jnly The amount of religious literature 26-Angust I-Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 made freely available for the blind by Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. other sources is increasing. The duty of Protestant evangelical churches is New Orleans, Louiswna-November 8-12 clear. Mrs. John S. Kendall, 1427 Broadway, New Orleans, La.

Northfield, East Northfield, Massaahusetts -July 5-ll-Mrs. Charles E. Blake, 7 Angell Court, Providence, R. I.

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-……….- Mrs. Joseph Deupree, 1609 West 19th St., Oklahoma City, Okla.

St. PlltBrsDurg, F!orida.–February 6-11- Mrs. George W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., St. Petersburg, Fla.

FROM MANY

AFRICA earnestly pray that this movement may teach and exalt Christ rather Tribute to the Nile Mission Press than merlieval superstitions and tradi- tions. " I N JANUARY last, the number of different pUblications issued by Books tor Sahara Oases this great agency for taking Chris- tian truth to Moslems had passed the AT THE last annual meeting of the 600 mark. The following letter from Nile Mission Press, Rev. Francis an educated Moslem convert bears Brading reminded his hearers that testimony to the value of its work: the Sahara Desert contains thousand" of oases, some of them very large, One For a long time Christian missionaries in southern Algeria has a population have worked without fruit, and many are of 22,000. He continued: not' aware of the real cause of their past failure. Experience has taught me the "The thing that struck me on mak- reason: Their 'work in the past was r('- ing inquiries was thiR, that about stricted to preaching and teaching, and seventy-five per cent of the men and consequently their work was done locally boys in these oases can read literal'," among non-Christians, only to be heard and Arabic, whereas right along the coast forgotten again, They recently have suc- not ten per cent of them can read, ceeded by means of the books of the Nile M is- The reason is, I think, that in the sian Press. You can hardly meet with a oases they have plenty of time for preacher, teacher, or a COlpol·teur or Bible- study. There are also schools, to which woman who has not some of the N. M, P. they are willing to go to learn to read. pUblications in his pocket. Moslems who So you have a wonderful possibility have not yet adopted Christianity have for disseminating Christian literature started to realize the virtues of this religion, here. They have nothing else to read. and the soundness of its principles. The Koran is an expensive book, and you do not find many copies in an Sunday~S"hools in Coptic Church oasis. But give them Christian litera- ture, and they will read it. So I do REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROW- feel that the Nile Mission Press has BRIDGE reports of the Sunday- done wisely in coming on the scene in school movement in the Orthodox the Barbary States, because there it Coptic Church in Egypt: "It is not has a field which is almost unparalofficially connected with the World's leled. " Sunday school Association, but our secretaries have a friendly part in Growth of Cameroon Schools these efforts. Eight thousand copies of weekly lesson helps are issued and the President of the Council is Father Butros Abd-el-Malak. Lesson picture rolls through our office have been pro- vided for the Cairo and Khartum LESS than a generation ago, miscathedral schools. There are now sionaries in West Africa of the thirty-five schools and a staff of over one hundred teachers, The Bible is Presbyterian Church, says George directly used in teaching, the pupils Schwab, "were paying fathers to al- low their boys to come to the Mission are encouraged to study it in their to learn to read and write. Today homes, and the class work is not un- those boys, instead of being the wild, like that in the Protestant schools. painted, brass-ornamented, unlettered The Secretary is Habib Effendi, Prin- people their fathers were, are the clean, quiet, and at least partially cipal of the Clerical College. Let us 463

educated teachers in the more than as he was, into a deep grave, the seven hundred village schools of the coffin being dropped on to his living Mission. In these schools along with body, and the grave filled in. Today the eleven station day and boarding in this same district there are conschools for boys, and the ten schools nected with the C. M. S. Mission a for girls, there are now enrolled 30,- hundred churches in different stages 299 pupils. Besides which there are of progress, all of them places in which eighteen students in the theological the Gospel of Christ is being preached. school, more than one hundred ap- Pastors and catechists and schoolprentices in the industrial and agri- masters all are housed and provided cultural, school and forty teachers-to- for by the people themselves. Anbe in the normal schooL" other district of ninety churches has also been taken out of the original Open Door to African Dwarfs district, and is now self-supporting and developing rapidly. MRS. E. G. HARRIS writes from Yaounde, in the Cameroun, West Tests for Zulu Christians Africa: "We spent a Sunday at our farthest inland evangelistic point-a THE Anglican bishop in Zululand beautiful spot, with a nice little bark writes of the people in his diocese: church which serves as a school dur- "The children are delightful little ing the week,' and has about 200 chil- folk, and come gladly to school and dren enrolled. At daylight, we were church. And the Zulus are a fine race, awakened by the great drum which with dignity, forbearance, patience, resounded for miles through the and many virtues. The old superstiforest, telling the people that the Sab- tions and bad traditions in sexual bath Day had arrived, and that every- matters cause us some trouble; they one must cease his labors and come to cannot be driven out in one generaworship. Before the hour of service tion. But when Europeans ask what had arrived the crowd commenced sort of Christians they make, we point coming, for, of course, it was a great out these five evidences: they know occasion, because white folks were how to pray, and pray well; they present. A little company of the know how to worship, and value their dwarf people came in to see us. They religion; they give well for the suplive far back in the forest, and are port of those who minister to them, very hard to reach on account of their and to the funds of the Church, and timidity. One of their number is give labor in building their churches; Christian, and he wants to come here they set to work to win others' to to the station and learn something of Christ in various ways; they know . soul-winning, so that he can go back how to submit to discipline." to his people and win them. Another open door to service." THE NEAR EAST "A New Creation" on the Niger A Turk Seeks the Secret THE Church Missionary Society AN AMERICAN Board missionary calls attention to the transforma- in Syria writes of a Turkish shoption which has taken place in the keeper in a small town near Alex- Owerri district of the Niger Diocese, andretta who has been reading the West Africa, in the last quarter of a New Testament. Recently he said: century. Then it was the general "I did not imagine that 'there were custom at the funeral of any im- such deep truths in Christianity or portant man to capture a slave. In that such wonderful events were told the cours.e of the burial rites a lux- of in the New Testament. What wonurious meal was laid before the derful power Jesus has!" captive; immediately afterwards, he was bound hand and foot and thrown, The missionary continues: We hope that this young man may be· come a leaven among the Turks here. One

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of the things that has influenced him most ing the good wishes of the American is the change seen in the lives of one or two Bible Society, is now the property of young men, since their cOllversion. This every professor in this the only Mochange is to him a mystery. "How is it hammedan school of higher religious that such a great change can take place in one's life ~ I know all their old words, instruction in Turkey.

deeds and actions, but now they have be· come entirely different men. Is the secret of this in you, or is it in Protestantism~" My The Bible House in Jerusalem answer was that the secret is not in men, T HE ceremony of laying the but in the New T'estament in his hand, in cornerstone of this building is thus its truths and in the Jesus whom it de· described by Eva.ngelicaJ Christenscribes. dom: "The High Commissioner for Turkish Translation of Koran Palestine laid the stone and the dedi- T HOUGH Mohammedan religious cation service was conducted by Dr. authorities have always declared MacInnes, Bishop in Jerusalem. the translation of the Koran to be Bishops of the Greek, Armenian, sacrilege, the Turkish Government has Coptic and Syrian Churches were within the last three years lifted its present, as well as the Abbot of the ban on the pUblication of ,such a Abyssinian Church. The missionaries translation. Accordingly, despite ec- working in Palestine flocked to the clesiastical out-cries, three transla- service, which will he long rememtions of the Koran into Turkish have bered by all who attended. Jerusalem been put on the market. It. is reliably -apart from its sacred associations– stated that some 14,000 copies of these still stands as a strategic center for Turkish Korans have been sold. Some Bible work. There peoples of many Christian missionaries are finding the races meet. We cannot ten what may translated Koran an ally. Turks who be in store for the Christian Church heard the sounding Arabic of the in Jerusalem. It may one day become Koran without understanding any- the mother of many churches still unthing imagined it to be charged with dreamed of by even the boldest mistremendous and mystic meanings. sionary dreamer. One thing is cer- But in translation most of the ascribed tain : a.s long as the Bible is the grandeur disappears. It is sometimes center and source of Christian teachsufficient to place a Koran and a ing God will bless the work of the Testament in the hands of a reader Jerusalem Church."

and leave him to draw his own con- A Group ot Persian Converts clusions.

Bibles for Moslem Theologues REV. R. C. HUTCHISON, Ph.D., writes from the boys' school in T HROUGH a friend on the staff of Teheran, Persia: "'The school is hav- the (Mohammedan) theological ing tbe greatest year of its history, faculty of the University of Stam- and the Christian work is making bouI, the agent of the American Bible amazing progress. I am at present Society was given the opportunity of most interested in a group of thirteen furnishing Bibles in useful languages new converts, who are studying with for the students' reference library. me. All are upper-classmen, all are Not only was the gift welcomed, but men of real leadership, most are from the suggestion came back that the excellent and powerful families.

members of the teaching staff would Their high intelligence, deep devotion be glad each to possess a copy of the and spiritual insight, their earnest Turkish Bible. Such a request com- and effective prayers, the sacrifices ing from a quarter which one is accus- which they are making, their in- tomed to regard as the home of reli- grained gentleness and irrepressible gious pride and exclusiveness was fun and humor are all a constant most encouraging. A nicely bound revelation to me. When the Persians Bible in Turkish or Arabic, each bear- know the Christ, I believe they will S

show us a new type of Christian dis- cently sent this message to Chinese cipleship. " students working in vacation Bible schools: Women's Hospital in Bahrain Tell them we love them, and our love travels through the midst of distance and DR. PAUL HARRISON, author of time, travels unchecked towards them with "The Arab at Home," reports all the fire and fervor of good will. Tell from Bahrain, Arabia, as follows, them we mark their progress with loving after what he says have been two bad interest and shall do the same for manv a pearling seasons, which have resulted coming year. Tell them only this, and nothin bitter and increasing poverty: ing more-that India sends her love to them.

"Numbers h:we been turned away from the hospital, not because they Railway but No Gospel F were unable to pay a fee, but because OLLOWING the liberation of slaves and the opening of a comthey would have nothing to eat during their proposed stay of perhaps modious hospital in Nepal has come two weeks. Due to this extreme pov- the inauguration of the first passen- erty affecting all classes except the ger railway in the country. This took very rich, the work of the year has place with great pomp and ceremonial been very light. The outstanding on February 16th. The line has been event of the year was the completion .constructed from Raxaul, on the of 'the new hospital for women and border of British India, to Amlekh- children. " What this splendid build- ganj, twenty-four miles distant. .The ing means to the women has been Indian ·Witness comments: shown, says Neglected Arabia, "by We regret that the enlightened men who the increased numbers at the clinics are now at the helm of State in Nepal have and by the genuine joy they mani- not yet seen fit to open their country freely fested on the opening day. They have to ministers of the Gospel of Christ. . . . at last a place of privacy, where they The Church in India could not desire a more need not draw their veils closely every challenging foreign missionary task than to carry the Gospel into this most exclusive time they hear a step or turn a kingdom as Boon as the way is opened.

corner, as they did when the women's quarters were in the men's hospitaL" High-Castes Buy Bibles INDIA AND SIAM T HE Bombay Auxiliary of the Bible Society quotes in its latest Vacation Bible Schools in India report the following incident told by T HOUGH the Daily Vacation Bi- a missionary who is responsible for ble School movement is well estab- the management of a Bible depot in lished in China, it is within a com- his town: "This Bible depot has been paratively short time that it has taken the means of opening up work among hold in India. The world association the high-caste people as no other which directs this interdenomina- agency has. We have sold a large tional movement, working through number of English Bibles and gospels the national Christian couneils and to high-caste Hindus. Early one church federations in many countries, morning a Hindu gentleman came to quotes as follows a recent letter from the depot and asked the evangelist, India: " Our work is progressing 'Who is this Jesus who is mentioned slowly but surely and this vacation we in the tract you gave me yesterday V I hope to arrange for no fewer than 1()() have read and reread the tract four schools in South India all managed times and I could not sleep last night.

by college students. It is a new fea- Do you have any books telling more ture of rural service for which we are about Jesus l' The evangelist gladly enlisting volunteers." told him concerning the New Testa- There is a kinship between students ment, and the high-caste Hindu teaching in these schools wherever gentleman agreed to purchase one for they are located. Indian students re- eight annas. But he could not take

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

it from the hand of the evangelist for spirit with which they responUed to fear of breaking his caste. So the New the call was to me most beautifuL Testament was placed on the floor of May we from our abundance give as the shop and the Hindu took it away joyously to our Lord as these from with great joy." their little."

Waning Influence of Gandhi A Moslem Invites Christians GANDHI is a spent force, women MISS PHEBE EMERY, a Method- are taking a significant place in ist missionary who does evangelpolitics, and sentiment is growing istic work in many villages outside of against strong drink, are features of Budaun, United Provinces, writes of the survey of India in the 90th an- an interesting experience: "In one nual report of the Presbyterian Board village we were invited by a wealthy of Foreign Missions, presented to the Mohammedan to bring our Christians General ABsembly in San Francisco, and hold the meeting in his dooryard. May 26th-June 1st. On the first of Thinking that he did not understand these three points the report states: just what was involved in a Christian service, and that he might object espe- Politically, Mr. Gandhi seems to be a cially to the prayers, I hesitated at spent force. Nevertheless, no man in this first about accepting the invitation, generation has made such an impression on explaining as tactfully as I could that India, and the' verdict of the future will we wished to hold a full Christian probably sustain the impression of the service for the benefit of these bepresent. In his doctrine of non·resistance lievers, and that he, as a good Moand patient 'snffering he has reminded many hammedan, might take exception to a Hindu and Moslem of Jesus Christ. Hav- some of the things we said. He asing been himself so profoundly influenced sured me, however, that he was ready by the life and teachings of Jesus, it is not not only to listen, but also to take part strange that the Indian press has recently as far as possible in the service, so we raised the question, "Is he a Christian in accepted his invitation and soon were disguise' '" This seems to have been due seated under a large tree in his courtprimarily to the fact that Mr. Gandhi has, yard with an audience of about fifty at the request of his students, been teaching Mohammedan men seated around us. the Bible in Gujrat National College. I have never had a more respectful or reverent audience, even among Chris- Tithers in the Punjab tians, and our host himself set the ex- ample by bowing his head as we did T HE "New World Movement" when we prayed. He accepted a Bible which the United Presbyterian portion from me very gratefully and Church has been stressing here in the invited us to hold our services in his homeland means much in India, too. house each time that we came to that From Madhapur in the Punjab comes village. " this report: "Recently the superintendent of our district presented the India Hears from Tuskegee claims of the New World Movement to the district workers at their DR. ROBERT MOTON, principal monthly meeting and stressed the giv- of Tuskegee Institute, who has ing of the tithe. Each one of the recently returned from a world tour, workers pledged the tenth of his in- visited the Madura Mission of the come to the Lord's work. Then the American Board while he was in Inpurpose of the Church in the Punjab dia. The missionaries report that his to raise 100,000 rupees for special visit served two important ends, in work was presented and each one that he not only showed the Indian pledged one month's salary. To those people what the well-educated Ameriwho have an abundance this may can Negro is like, but he gave support seem an easy thing to do, but these. to the idea that literary education in men only receive from six to ten dollars per month and most of them have a wife and children as well as themselves to clothe and feed. The joyous

India should be supplemented by in Siam. These presbyteries are of- trade and business training. This is ficially attached to New York Synod.

a thing which educators are trying to The action of the Presbyterian Board impress upon Indian students, and will doubtless result in the organiza- Dr. Moton emphasized the connection tion within a short time of the new between hand and brain, which Tus- church. It will start with approxi- kegee has always stressed. The Con- mately 50 organized congregations, gregationalist quotes: 150 native groups not yet organized as When the question-period came, the Hindu churches, and 9,000 communicants.

and Christian men who were listening to Dr. Moton put their consciousness of their OHINA AND TIBET own problems under a ruling race of different color together with their slight knowl- Statu. of Y. M. O. A. Property edge of the Negro in America, and bombarded him with questions. He was quite A TOTAL of approximately $2,315,- equal to them. Typical queries were as fol- 000 has been invested through lows: "Do the Negroes have to study in the American and Canadian National English, or may they use their vernaeu- Councils of the Y. J!I. C. A. in Aslars f" " Are Negroes allowed in high gOY· sociation properties in China. Titles ernment positions ~" "Is there a Negro to nearly all these properties, which press ~" "Does every student at Tnskegee are mainly buildings, are held by the learn a trade1" "Do you have trouble with Chinese Y. 11. C. A. They are thereinterracial marriage'" fore not open to confiscation on the Siamese King Visits Missions ground of being foreign-owned or con- HIS Majesty, Prajatipok of Siam trolled. The properties in which made in February his first visit American and Canadian funds have to the northern part of his kingdom. been invested comprise seventeen At that time he presented honors to buildings, one conference property, three missionaries of the Presbyterian three schools, and over thirty resi- Church in the U. S. A., Dr. James W. dences for housing secretaries. The McKean, Rev. William Harris, and total amount is exclusive of $410,789 Dr. E. C. Cort. In addition, the king invested by the American Y. M. C. A. showed his appreciation of the mis- in three Navy Associations at Shangsionary work conducted by the Pres- hai, Hankow, and Chefoo, and the byterian Church in Siam by donating Legation Y. M. C. A. at Peking, to the mission about $2,250 to be ap- operated for men of the U. S. Marine propriated as the mission desired. On Corps.

the occasion of the king's visit to the leper asylum at Chiengmai, Dr. Mc- Selling Bibles to Bandits O Kean suggested as the chief, present NE of the colporteurs employed by Otto Braskamp, of the Amerineed a good road between the asylum and the city. Dr. McKean was later can Presbyterian Mission in Ichowfu, informed by the king that next year's Shantung Province, met in his. recent road budget will include the" metal- travels eight different bands of rob- ling" of the five miles of road to the bers. One of the band leaders asked island on which the leper asylum is him, "What is your business ~ " He situated. replied, "I am working for Jesus, Independent SiaJ11elle Ohurch spreading His Gospel. I tell people good news of great joy and the way T HE Board of Foreign Missions of to happiness." The bandit spoke up the Presbyterian Church in the and said, "Well, what do you think U. S. A. has approved the organiza- I am doing and what business am I tion of a proposed independent Pres- engaged in?" The colporteur replied, byterian church in Siam, where it be- "I cannot guess." He replied, "I am gan its work in 1840. This proposal a true robber. We kill the rich in has been approved also by the Siam order to help the poor." This motto, Mission and by the two presbyteries with the following ones, were written

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

on their red flags with white charac- very great thing to persuade any girl ters. "Practice righteousness as a or woman to accept a Bible. Now substitute for God." "Dark and they are willing to go without a new gloomy world, blue sky." These dress or other things to wear at the bandits inquire from the poor peasant Chinese New Year in order to save farmers where the rich people live enough money to buy a Bible. Their and how much property and money families do not want them to have a they possess and then kidnap them. Bible and often will not give them the Practically all the well-to-do people money. I wish you could step into our have left their homes and property classrooms today, and see the girls and live in walled cities. and women with red, green or some kind of newspaper-covered Bibles in Good News from Yenching their hands. After school, before they A CABLEGRAM received in New go home, they usually wrap up their York the middle of April from Bibles carefully in their handker- President J. Leighton Stuart of chiefs, so they will not be spoiled Yenching University, Peking, said during the walk home."

that there was not much cause for anxiety concerning conditions at the Bible for Buddhist Lama R University, although the wives and EV. EARL A. HOOSE, of the American Bible Society in Peking, children of ~ome of the foreign members of the staff had left for Korea as describes a call which he made, in a measure of precaution. Dr. Stuart company with Dr. D. V. Smith, on the stated that within the University both Panchan Lama, whom he calls. "the the Chinese and foreign teachers. and Living Buddha, " and "the civil head the students were working together of Buddhism." The missionaries harmoniously, the disturbances serv- were kindly received by the Lama, to ing to draw the whole university com- whom they presented a Bible. Mr.

munity closer together. Academic Hoose writes of this: "I trust he will affairs and building operations were read the book the Society presented proceeding as usual, according to Dr. him, and I shall await with interest Stuart, and there was no apparent the doctor's report of any questions reason why these should be discon- about the text. But we, at least, have tinued. The Chinese generally were done the deed. The Living Buddha acting in a friendly manner to the has received with his own hands a University and the situation presented copy of the sacred Scriptures, and a splendid opportunity for the prac- whether he reads much of it or not, tice of international fellowship and I myself saw him open the book, and of Christian principles. The Chinese believe he will do it again, and that advisers of the University regarded he will read for himself the story of any danger as unlikely except in an the Saviour of all men."

interval when a change of government might be taking place, which was not On the Roof of the World T likely to occur in the near future, ac- HESE words are chosen to de- scribe its location by the Kokonor cording to the cablegram.

Women Prize Their Bibles Gospel Mission, which is at work in Tangar, Kansu Province, a trade T HIS significant testimony to the center on the main caravan route to value of "the world's best seller" Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. V. G.

comes from Christiana Tsai, a Chinese Plymire writes: "In Tangar we have Bible woman in the Kiangnan )Iis- been reaching Tibetans from all parts sion of the Presbyterian Church in of the' country with the gospel mes- the U. S. A.: "Ten years ago when sage. Weare the last missionaries on the Lord called me to do Bible this great caravan route–there are woman's work, it was considered a no others between here and the wes-

tern border of this great elevated ognized Christian workers as far land……. Several years ago General superior to those of any other religion. Ma-a Mohammedan-sent his troops At a conference of leaders of the to fight the Tibetans and he has suc- various religions he reported the receeded in getting them pretty well sult of a religious survey, in which it under his control in this section of was found that Buddhism had about the country. This has opened the 48,000,000 adherents, Shintoism 17,- northern portion of this long closed 000,000, while Christianity had only land to the missionary. vVe now about 210,000. He concluded by saytravel far into this secti'on with a de- ing: gree of safety-a thing we could not do in former years. We now have AccoTding to this survey, however, Chrisfriends among the chiefs and head- tianity shows superior influence and men of different tribes a number of strength. If you, (addressing himself t.o days' journey from Tangar. the Buddhist leaders present) do not sen- ously consider this matter, then in fifty or one hundred Years Buddhism will lose its place and inflt;ence in the nation.

Korean Exiles in Manchuria ISS E. :'II. P ALETHROPE, of A Soldier Seeks "A Bible Life" M the' United Church of Canada R Mission in Manchuria, reports: EV. L. C. :M. SMYTHE, of the Southern Presbyterian Mission "Wherever one travels in the Lunch- in Xagoya, .Japan, writes as follows ingtsun District, one may see pathetic of a young Japanese soldier: " He little groups trudging along through is a native of Nagoya and a workman the valleys and over the mountain in a factory here. I met him a couple passes. They are immigrants to this of years or so ago at a preaching hall. Manchuria land of promise, those_ He came to my house a few times whom impossible economic conditions and to church once or twice but after are driving from their native Korea. that drifted out of my life and I …… One cannot but feel that there forgot all about him. Last spring I is a great opportunity here for the received a long letter from him from Christian w{)rker. A little kindness a military barracks in Korea where and help now, when these people are he is going through his period of arriving so destitute in the strange military service. He was sick in the new land, would do more to impress hospital and heard somebody reading them favorably with Christianity than a book aloud. On listening closely many years of work under ordinary he realized it was the Bible. He had conditions. " no Bible and since losing touch with me had drifted pretty far from Christ JAPAN-KOREA but when he heard the familiar words, Japan Sees Its Need – a flood of feeling came over him and ~~THE officials of the Imperial Christ seems to have taken hold of Government of .Japan," says the his soul. Immediately he wrote me and since then I have had a series report of the Presbyterian Board of of most extraordinarily interesting Foreign }Iissions, presented at the letters, revealing his whole soul and General Assembly lfay 26th to .June thoughts with complete unreserve." 1st, "are deeply concerned over the After :'Ifr. Smythe sent him a New prevalent social situation." The head Testament, he wrote: "I realize that of the department of religions, in ad- my life must be a Bible life." dressing the Kational Christian Coun- cil, stated that he himself was con- A: Japanese Rebukes Tourists vinced that spiritual solutions for .Japan's social problems must be JAPAN was the first foreign country found; that he had come to believe visited by "the floating unithat .Jesus was the real source of all versity," which ended its cruise in spiritual education; and that he rec- New York late in April. An experi-

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ence of it theological student in Tokyo, and cities. The country people are who acted a"s a stud"ent interpreter for conservative and it is hard to find men the party, is a fresh illustration of able to work successfully among them. the obstacles which some tourists from There are a few Christian communiso-called Christian countries put in ties, but the number is pitifully small. the way of missionary work. He says: Rev. H. W. Myers, D.D., describes the contribution which Kagawa, I was taken into a cabin by certain whom he calls "perhaps the most American students who said to me, "We widely-known Christian in Japan," want to get some wine and whisky. If you and who has many friends in the wil! get some for us, we will give you a lot United States, has been making to of money." You can imagine how I felt. this work. This took the form of I hacl no words with which to answer them; what he called a "peasants' evanso I simply prayed and looked steadfastly gelical school, " which" met for a into their faces for a while. "Perhaps he month in February and March. Dr. can't understand English at all," they said lIyers says: 'In the forenoons lecamong themselves as they repeated their re- tures on the Bible, the life of Christ quest. As I continued in silence, they de- and church history alternated with cided to give me up and try some one else. lectures on agriculture and economics. Presently I said to them quietly, "I under- The afternoons were taken up with stand what you say, but I do not under- practical work, and in the evenings stand why you do such a thiug. I know special lectures were given by promithe law of your land. I am a member of nent speakers on various subjects. It tbe Y" M. C. A. How can I help you in was a sort of religious Chautauqua such a thing as this f" They began to leave planned for the farmers, and will be me one by one and I was left alone in the a splendid wedge in winning an opencabin. ing for the Gospel in many rural communities. " "Doll-Messengers" Findg Christ While in Prison THE thousands of dolls sent by American children,to carry their APRESBYTERIAN missionary in friendly greetings on the occasion of Chungju, Korea, writes:" One the annual dolls' festival this spring of the most interesting students in our seem to have appealed to the imagina- Men'8 Bible Conference for the whole tion of the people of Japan, who are field this year was a young man who carrying out a similar plan of their had recently completed a seven years' own. The Bulletin published by the sentence in jail. As he became an ex- Japanese Students Christian Associa- pert in weaving willow ware, he was tion in the United States announces: sent to the far north to teach his art "The Japan Juvenile Red Cross in a prison. There he came in contact Society is nOw engaged in preparing with Christians, who had been sent Japanese dolls to be sent as mes- to jail for political offenses, and was sengers of friendship to ten leading led to the faith by them. He wrote to countries of the world-America, his mother of his new-found peace France, England, Italy, Belgium, and urged her to become a Christian. Canada, Australia, Czechoslovakia, She began attending a church three Bulgaria and Roumania. The num- miles' walk from her home and is now ber of dolls to be sent will be smaller baptized. His wife also attends and than American dolls sent to Japan, is learning to read her Bible and but will bring about similar result hymn book. He holds meetings, and a within wider circles. The first ship- Sunday-school for the village chilment was expected to be made early dren, in his father's house. Pray that in April." his father may find the faith and that they may build up -a strong church in Kagawa's School for FarJDers their neighborhood. "

T HE National Christian Council of Japan has undertaken a special evangelistic effort among the great untouched masses outside the towns

"The Mountain of Grace Camp" younger brother to Christ and he, too, has begun an active Christian life." ATOWN in Korea where mission- aries of the United Church of Korean Sunrise Meetings Canada conduct a Bible Institute bears this striking name. Of old, this REV. WILLIAM SCOTT, of the was a frontier fort; now it is a lum- United Church of Canada Misbering center and a market town for sion in Korea, writes of a certain cereals. A missionary writes of the evangelist, Kim Sugno by name: last session of the Institute: "Over " 'He's all the time at prayer,' said seventy students gathered from four a fellow-pastor to me, Such men win adjacent counties, some having a following. I confess with shame walked over ninety miles to attend. that I was not always equal to paying Forty men and thirty women were the price he asked, but, one morning, enrolled and'maintained their attend- after a sleepless night of waiting for ance throughout. A ten days' preach- the hour, I got up at five 0 'clock and ing campaign was held at the same made my way to the church, about time as the Bible Institute and sev- three quarters of a mile away. Snow eral conversions were registered. had fallen during the night and lay Lantern slides of the life of Christ six inches deep, but there, in that were given separately on a women '8 little church, I found some hundred night and a J1.len's night. Two grad- and fifty Christians were out through uates were given their diplomas after the cold, 'a great time before it was a five-year course of study in the Bi- day,' and were now waiting to be led ble and about fortv scholars took by Kim Sugno into the heart of God. courses leading to the certificate for Most of them did this for ten conteachers under the Teachers' Train- secutive mornings." ing course of the Korean Sunday- School Association." ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC W <>n by a Gospel P<>rti<>n Consecrated Coconut Trees DOES it pay to go hither and yon, T HE story of a Filipino Christian preaching the Gospel and dis- is thus told by Mrs. Charles N. tributing tracts in broadcast fashion? Magill, of the American Presbyterian Rev. Gordon K. Chapman, of Asahi- mission in Tayaba : "'When one gawa, Japan, asks this question and church was in arrears to its pastor, then answers it by telling the follow- owing to shortage of crops and to having story: "A young man of his own ing built a chapel, an elder of the accord started to attend church and church volunteered to pay the whole soon purchased a Bible, and it was amount. This man entered a homestead not long nntil he was showing a deep nine years ago, cleared the forest, and interest in finding Christ as his planted it to coconut trees; he has Saviour. When the missionary asked added other land and trees, until now him what had led him to come to a he has five thousand, many of which Christian church, he said. 'Soon after are bearing well. Four years ago he my parents died, I happened to be heard the Gospel for the first time, walking along the street and a worker and was wonderfully converted. Now gave me a copy of a gospel. When I he is an elder and a very zealous read it, I knew that at last I had worker. He has no children, and he found the thing for which my heart and his wife are spending their surlonged, and God led me to this plus income in the promotion of the church. ' He was baptized last sum- Lord's work. He told us the other mer, immediately undertook definite day that he expects when all his trees Christian service and is living an open are bearing to help especially in the and consistent Christian life among erection of better chapels for all the the railway men. He soon led his poor churches. "

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()'hristians in Micronesia Hawaiian……. Later in the day T HE latest reports from the Micro- conventional Easter services are held nesia Mission of the American in the various churches-American, Board, which is at work in the Mar- Hawaiian and Japanese predominatshall Islands and on Kusaie, one of mg.

the Caroline Islands, give many interesting facts. The printing press NORTH AMERICA of the Mission is located at Kusaie, Bibles Given to New Citizens T and during the year under review it HE American Bible Society took advantage of an unusual opporhas printed nearly 340,000 pages, chiefly the Bible in the Kusaien lan- tunity for the distribution of Scrip- guage. Out of the entire popUlation tures to immigrants when nearly one of 10,412 in these islands were 3,366 . hundred aliens, representing twenty- church communicants. There were 3,- two countries, were sworn in as 891 in the Sunday-schools studying citizens of the United States in the the Bible from week to week, and al- Federal Court at Dallas, Texas. Rev.

most as many in the Christian En- J. J. Morgan, secretary of the south- deavor Society. These island people, western Agency of the American whose chief, if not only, means of Bible Society, writes of the occasion: support is the copra, contributed last "We were privileged to present each year to the support of their own newly-made citizen with the books of Christian work $2,403. This, meas- Exodus and Matthew- in convenient ured in terms of the day's work or vest-pocket form, and to explain why the cost of living of a family for a we gave these particular books…… .

day, indicates contributions far in ex- Judge Atwell prepared the way for cess, compared with the sources of the presentation of Scriptures in a income, of the contributions to Chris- very effective brief address, calling tian work in American churches. attention to the large part the Bible There are twenty-three organized has played in the making of our churches in the group. nation."

Easter Morning: in Honolulu Methodist Latin-American Mission I ~ HO~OLULU a greater mixture REV. VERNON 11. McCOMBS, of races and colors can be seen D.D., Superintendent of this united in Easter worship than any- organization, which functions in cowhere else in the world. This state- operation with the Board of Home ment, made in the New York Times, Missions and Church Extension of the is supported by the following descrip- Methodist Episcopal Church, writes tion: At sunrise on Easter morning of it: "It might now become a regua Christian service is held on the lar annual conference. It is really Punchbowl, an ~xtinct volcanic that now except as regards pastoral crater rising behind the town. The relations. Our' annual conference' thousands of Christians who attend of the missions is presided over by the service are of all nations, all the resident bishop. At that time, the creeds, all colors, all classes. Some 30 Latin-American pastors and 27 ascend part of the way in auto- other workers on the 31 circuits remobiles; others toil painfully up the ceive their appointments. Each year rocky paths in bare feet and simple the workers' reports show steady cotton garments. The presiding minis- growth in members, in giving and in ter may be a white American bishop, the volume and types of work. The or a brown-skinned Hawaiian pastor, one little mission 'without a pane of according to seniority. He may be glass,' of fifteen years ago in Pasaassisted by Catholic priest or Japanese dena, with a handful of discouraged or Chinese Christian pastor. The members and a total giving that year service is held in both English and in all the )Iission of $63, has grown

tgoiv2i~5g6,2 members and $12,000 annual Church for greater activity in Chris- with World Service paid in tianizing these native Americans. The latest statistics show that there are full on twenty-four charges, and the 350 000 Indians as compared to 270,- 544' in 1900. The Commissioners feel quota of the Mission fully met." that the reason greater support is not "iven to the Christianizing of the To Train Rural Pastors Indians is a lack of knowledge con- cerning them and their needs. They H ARTFORD Theological Seminary urge that the churches see~ to have has taken the preliminary steps missionaries from the IndIan fields for the establishment of a Country address them concerning their work. Life Department. There has been a One of the officials stated: steadily increasing belief among those having to do with town and country If you scratch through the skin of two churches that a ministry should be thirds of the Indians today, you would tind provided specifically trained to me~t a pagan. The Christian Church is needed the particular needs and opportum- to work amoug these people as much as any ties of the rural church. Hartford's other people on the face of the earth. new department will admit graduates of agricultural colleges, without Praying Kiowa' Indians Greek, on an equal basis with those from liberal-arts institutions. Of the REV. F. L. KING, Baptist misninety semester hours required for a sionary among the Kiowa Indians seminary graduation diploma, twenty- in Oklahoma, writes of their prayereight may be elected in work offer.ed fulness and their spiritual developand supervised by the Country LIfe ment along many lines. He concludes: Department. "If this spirit of evangelism con- tinues to deepen and broaden in this Korean Church in New York tribe of Indians there will be such an outpouring of God's power as there T HOUGH it is estimated that there never has been known here before. are never more than 150 Koreans We find ourselves unable to be at all of all faiths in New York City at one the meetings, but our presence is not time, sixty-three of them are members necessary. There are now so many of a flourishing Methodist church of earnest and active Christians, and so their own. Most of these Koreans are many that can read the Bible, that students who have found their re- the prayer meetings go on just the lationship with the Church in Korea same. Last Sunday there were 110 so satisfying that when they come to persons at one of our regular meetthis country they want t{) continue it. ings. Weare praising God for all With the aid of the Home Mission His great work in our midst." Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church, they have purchased a build- LATIN AMERICA, ing at 459 West 21st Street. They themselves made most of the pay- Mexican Protestant Teachers ments on this church and also pay the salary of the pastor, in spite of T HE educational program of the the fact that the majority of the mem- Calles Government, particularly bers are working their way through college or university. in the matter of providing thousands of rural schools, was referred to in the April R1EVIEw. Mrs. M. A. Mor- Asks Help for Indians row, of the Southern Presbyterian T HE Department of the Interior, tChhisurpcrh~gwrarimteiss of the wav in which through the Board of Indian Com- being related to evanmissioners, has recently issued a report of' an extensive survey o.f gelical missions: Christian missions among the AmerIcan Indians, and in it appeals to the J'aturally there is a dearth of teachers for so many schools. The administration turned to Protestants to supply the need. Graduates of our Presbyteriau schools are

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

now holding positions as district super!n- man, Bulgarian and Czechoslovakian origin. Rev. F. A. Barroetavena and tendents heads of gdierlpsartjmuse~nt.sfi,niasnhidngpr?mU-f Rev. E. N. Bauman spent two or three cipals. 'Boys and months visiting these scattered fam- ilies, holding gospel services in t~e grammar schools are rec81vmg appomt- homes, distributing Bibles and Ch:ls- tian literature, baptizing, marrymg ments to be "missionaries," as these rural and rendering every sort of Christian service to these solitary pioneers. "It teachers are called. We are encouraging would be difficult," writes a mission- ary, "to exaggerate the cheer and the many to withstand the tempt,,;tion of a good blessing that these two Bible coaches have carried with them to these new salary today and keep up theu studIes; for countries. "

very soon the Government will demand a Colombian Boys in Bible Study higher grade of teachers. . . . The Secre- REV. W AL,TER S. SCOTT reports of the Presbyterian school for tary of State is a Presbyte.rian: The As- boys in Bogota, Columbia: "Every class has a daily Bible lesson and sistant Secretary of EducatlOn IS an ~lder every pupil must commit to memory one or two verses daily. Each day in the Presbyterian Church. The Pres.'dent after the verses are recited, the re- maining fifteen or twenty minu~es of the National University is a MethodIst. are used in expository teaching WIth very personal application to the lives Notable Guatemalan Christian of the boys. The boys show a vivid interest in this and often ask search- MISSIONARIES in Guatemala are ing questions. This is the more satis- rejoicing in the influence of Don factory when one realizes that many Marcelino, whom one of them de- of these boys come from fanatical Roman Catholic families and come scribes as "a barefooted Indian who only because they know that our methods of teaching are so much a dozen years before was but a drivel- superior to those of other schools. To get our teaching they plan to tolerate ling idolater and witch doctor, self- the Bible class but not really to listen. Then in spite or themselves they get centered and utterly useless to his interested and listen intently."

fellow men,' now transformed by the Gospel into a splendid Christian man, a tremendous power for the regenera- tion and progress of all that region."

"Vhen this man was converted he didn't know one letter from another.

"hiYmet~"tasnadysbtehfoeremiassiloanragrey, "we saw audience, read the Bible, give his testimony to the power of the Gospel in his ~ife, and direct a clear, strong, beautIful prayer leading the devotions of all up to God. He spends practically noth- ing on himself, but gives the entire product of his farm year after year to God. What he gives is a veritable fortune for him and would set him up in luxury."

Further Use of "Bible Coaches" A "Twice-Born Man" in Brazil THE value of the "Bible coach" REV. H. P. MIDKIFF, who has -a Ford truck fitted with sleep- been at work in southern Brazil ing quarters for two or three col- under the Presbyterian Board since porteurs and with room for books- 1910, tells this story of one whom he in spreading the Gospel in outlying calls a "twice-born man": "Fransections of Argentina, was described cisco Gomes had been everything that in the January REVIEW. Methodist was mean and vile but, having moved missionaries have one of these vehicles to a new community, he came in conin Uruguay also. One goes from tact with a notable family of Chris- Montevideo as a base, the other from tians in the frontier and became Rosario, Argentina. The" coaeh" converted. His life has become comfrom Rosario visits the colonies and pletely changed. I had ridden to his settlements of northern Argentina. town accompanied by four men, one Many of these colonists are of Ger- of whom had in the old days helped

beat Francisco up when he was in- not to make any allusion to religion, vading another man's home. I have to the church of Rome, to Protesnot yet met Francisco, for he was on tantism in general nor to liberty of a journey when I was there, but his worship! The speaker, an eloquent wife gave the most touching testi- ex-monk, managed to obey the order mony to the wonderful difference literally but his allusions to the that his conversion had made in their religious situation in general were so home life. His case is widely known, well understood that he was frequentas he had been a notorious character." ly interrupted by hearty applause.

Bolivian Indian Chnrch Swedish Lutheran Anniversary T HE steady growth of the Indian SWEDEN is to celebrate this month church in La Paz, Bolivia is thus the four-hundredth anniversary reported in the Latin American Evan- of the establishment of the Lutheran gelist: "One by one, or more often Church in that country. At W>esteras family by family, people have pre- Reformation Diet day will be obsented themselves for baptism until served June 21st, in the presence of there are now over seventy adult the King, the royal family, the cabmembers. About twenty of the men inet, and the Parliament. are always ready to speak or lead in prayer in the meeting when called "Poly,gam.y Legalized" upon. The attendance has reached as high as 170, which means not even UNDER this heading, The Literary standing-room left, and there are not Dige'St summarizes the comments seats for over half that many. At of various anti-bolshevik editors on the the beginning of this year we were present so-called marriage and family able to start a day school for the chil- law now in effect in Russia. The dren of our Indian members, which chaos of relations between men and now has about thirty children attend- women has reached such a stage, it ing it ….. On the other hand, we is charged, that even some Soviet aunever go more than a few weeks thorities have became alarmed. Sowithout hearing of fresh cases of per- viet courts, it is alleged, are crowded secution of evangelical Indians." with mothers claiming support for their children and "naming several EUROPE men as 'cofathers' of their offspring. " In the Moscow lsviestia, an official Religious Restriction.. in Spain organ of the Soviet Government, M. Vassiliev-Yuzhin, the substitute for REV. WAYNE H. BOWERS, the Supreme Attorney of the Soviet American Board missionary in Republic, writes as follows: Spain, reports that, under the present military dictatorship, it is practi- By rendering not only the legally '{ regis· cally impossible to secure permission tered '" but also the "unregistered" marriage from provincial governors or city defensible by law, we shall be giving legal mayors for holding large gatherings protection to the growing practise of polyg· of any sort outside the chapels. Such amy. Indeed, if a man comes to a Soviet permission is necessary, as "constitu- Bureau and registers his marriage to a tioual guarantees"-such as freedom woman, and if then other women come and of the press, of meetings, and so forth can show that he lives with them also-shall -have been suspended for several we have any justification for not recogniz· years. One governor granted per- ing them as his" virtual wives" f Certajnly mission for such a meeting, to be held not. in a theater in Salamanca, without understanding clearly that it was to Many Soviet jurists, it is reported, be evangelical in character. He dis- believe that it is better to recognize covered the fact and sent for the polygamy than to leave thousands of principal speaker and ordered him mothers and children penniless and unprotected.

NEWS FROM :MANY LANDS

Slave Areall Today concealed under aliases, but often vic- tims of an acknowledged system of T HE editor of the Spectator re- slavery." "So," says Orient and cently said in London: "We find Occident, "spoke the editor of one of terrible evidence of how much greater the most respected papers in London. and more widespread are the remains And now comes the report from Geof slavery than we supposed. When neva of the Temporary Slavery Comsome fifty years ago I used to hear my mission of the League of Nations, refather talk about slavery, and how he vealing the existence of slave trading had as a young man refused to eat and slave raiding in the following sugar because it was slave-grown, I areas: Sahara, South Morocco, South used to think that with the abolition Tripoli, the Libyan Oases, Rio de Oro, of slavery in Brazil, which I of course, Senussi Country, Abyssinia, Liberia, well remembered, the work of the China, Hedjaz (slaves for the Hedjaz Anti-Slavery Society was honorably accomplished. We had only got to are smuggled through Egypt, Sudan wait a few years and it would be im- and Eritrea, Somali Coast) and possible to find slaves unless in a few Arabia. (Slaves from the far East harems. Unhappily we have found are smuggled to Arabia through the out in quite recent years that there native states of India or the Dutch are still millions of slaves, sometimes East Indies.) "

Answers to the Missionary History Test (Questions on page 410.) 1. Dr. Peter Parker, first medical missionary to China.

2. George Schmidt, first Protestant missionary to South Africa; John I.Judwig Krapf, discoverer of Mt. Kenia, highest peak in Africa; David Livingtsone, greatest explorer of the nineteenth century.

3. Because he extracted 21,000 teeth in 21 years in connection with his work. 4. Arabia.

5. "Among the Mongols," by James Gilmour.

6. Samnel Adjai Crowther, Bishop of the Niger.

7. From Honolulu, the gift of the missionaries of the American Board in Hawaii to the Whitman Mission in Oregon.

8. James Chalmers whom he called the "Great Heart of New Guinea. "

9. John Everett Clough, Baptist missionary at Ongole, India.

10. David Brainerd, missionary to the American Indians. 11. Captain Allen Gardiner, pioneer to Africa and South America.

12. Fidelia Fiske, founder of Urumia Seminary, Persia. 13. "Robinson Crusoe," by Defoe.

14. James Curtis Hepburn, pioneer Presbyterian missionary.

15. The Crimean War.

16. Adoniram Judson, founder of Baptist missions in Burma.

17. Ion Keith Falconer, third son of the Earl of Kintore, and founder of a mission to the Moslems of Southern Arabia.

18. David Livingstone; heart buried in Africa, body in Westminster Abbey, London.

19. Because he was born in Holland, educated in the United States, and served many years in Japan, but could not secure citizenship in any of the three countries. .

20. Robert Morrison, first Protestant missionary to China.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

L'HE REV1EW.

From Every Tribe an,d Nation. Belle M. reading doubly effective. They show Bl'ain. 12 mo, 176 pp. $1.50. New the kinship of all mankind and the York. 1927. power of the Gospel of Christ under many circumstances and in many The story-teller's art is perhaps the climes. oldest in human history. In ancient days, it was the only means of teach- ing history. Today stories of men United Churches. Elizabeth R. Hooker. and events, either real or imaginative, Six maps and diagrams; numerous statis- comprise one of the most effective tieal tables; 298 pages. $2.75. New forms of literature. In matters of York. 1926, history, patriotism, character, religion This important and careful study and conduct, story-tellers often in- of united churches in the town and struct and inspire. country area of the United States, is Among the most fascinating, in- a part of the American Village forming and stimulating stQries are Studies of the Institute of Social and those gathered from missionary expe- Religious Research under the direc- rience in all lands. Miss Brain, a wide tion of Dr. Edmund deS. Brunner.

reader, and a skilled story-teller, has The author, Miss Elizabeth R. Hooker, not herself told these half a hundred gave the greater part of her time for stories, but has allowed others, with two years to the investigation of :first-hand information, to tell them in these united churches. She is one of their own way. They are gathered the most experienced and most from many sources, not accessible to thorough of the Institute's surveyors.

the general reader. The narrators in- The study was made by corre- elude Dr. Arthur T. Pierson, Dan spondence, questionnaire survey, or Crawford, Jean Mackenzie, Sherwood personal field investigation of all re- Eddy, Mrs. Howard Taylor, Charles ported united town and country E. Scott, Sam Higginbottom, Paul churches in the United States, exclud- .

Kanamori, Mrs. Horace Underwood, ing the South where very few united Henry H. Jessup and others. The churches are to be found. The town stories themselves deal with the life and country area for the purpose of and adventures of missionaries and of this study is considered as the coun- natives, in Africa, the Near East, In- tryside, hamlets, villages and towns d~a, China, Persia, Japan, Korea, with a population of less than 5,000.

Slam, Islands of the Sea, and Latin In this area in thirty states there were America. They are long and short found 977 united churches in the true (some too short), suited to many sense of the term. Only forty-four tastes, but all are worth reading, and of these were organized before 1912 will be of real value to those who and 381 were organized between 1918 wish to illustrate missionary truths and 1924, which number was being in lessons or addresses. They also are added to at the rate of thirty or more good stories to tell to Sunday-schools per year.

or for reading aloud at a sewing cir- Miss Hooker presents her study in cleo A. dramatic quality is combined foul' parts, which deal respectively with spiritual purpose that makes the with the development of united 478

19!17] THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

churches, the types of union, the prob- a special study to be undertaken by lems of union, and the necessary adjustments. The occasions for organic one or all of the adult classes in the union were–decline in population, shift in population of different de- Sunday-school. A clearer undez-~ nominations or faiths, loss or death of individual supporters, decline of eco- standing of this whole movement, nomic prosperity, lack of increase in income proportionate to the general which you will without doubt have rise in cost of living and increased cost of maintenance of churches. Modi- after studying this excellent volume, fication of the attitude of country people toward sectarian divisions also will encourage you and your fellow had an important place in the movement. Christians to a home missionary proj- The united churches were studied ect which will result in a united efin four distinct groups, divided according to type· of organization. fort to make the Church of Jesus These types as classified by the author are the Federated Church with 312 Christ effective in the whole life of examples, the Undenominational Community Church with 137, the De- the entire community, and will bring nominational Community Church with 491 congregations, and the Affili- a finer missionary spirit to the hearts ated Church with but 37 units. Miss Hooker traces the experience of these of all than they have heretofore exfour groups in the matter of com- perienced. R. s. A. bining forces, organization, denominations participating, membership, Awakening Womanhood. By F. Hughesservices, finances and property, lead- Hallett. 84 pp. Is. Church Missionary ership, activities, benevolences and Society, Salisbury Square, London. 1927. cooperation. She answers many of the controversial questions of fact In brief compass and very convenconcerning united churches and shows ient and usable form, the author deus clearly, through experience, what scribes the Woman'8 Movement in m~y be expected from each form of Africa, Moslem lands, India, China unIOn. and Japan. A chapter is devoted to each of these divisions, with a descrip- This book is a splendid addition to tion of the condition of women in the the library of Town and Country past; the recent awakening; the Church literature and should be in problems, difficulties, needs and enthe hands of every pastor and church couragements of the situation. The leader .in rural America. If your chapters answer the introductory community is over-churched, you will question: "What is the real cause of want to know the blessings of united this movement among women all over action, first through the experience of the world! What is at the bottom of the pioneers in the field of church all this change?" union as so well pictured in this volume, and then through personal The author's firm conviction is that experience in your own community. "some power outside themselves is You will want to study the types of filling the hearts of women everyorganization carefully and then the where with a deep longing, a spiritual conditions in your community. There hunger, for a more abundant life than is no better way than to use this study course for an interested group they have ever known before, and that in the local congregation, or even as longing can only be satisfied by the best."

The book is a timely contribution to the literature th·at will be helpful in studying the textbook issued this year by the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions, "A Straight Way Toward Tomor- row. " M. S. p.

Frank, Bishop of Zanzibar. Life of Frank Weston, D.D., 1871-1924. H. Maynard Smith. IlIus., xi, 326 pp. $3.00<. New York and London. 1926.

This volume is almost wholly de- voted to the opinions of an eminent leader of the Anglo-Catholics, who as have been built, electric lights have Bishop of Zanzibar felt in conscience been installed, and other material bound to oppose the action of Church benefits of civilization have been in- Missionary Society Bishops at Ki- troduced. In place of illiteracy, igkuyu, on the adjacent African main- norance and superstition, there is land, when they participated in a widespread education, with books and union conference of missionaries of the worship of God as revealed in various denominations in 1913. The Christ. Uganda has abolished slavery eontroversy brought Dr. Westcott be- and enjoys the rule of Christian kings fore the public, where he remained, under British protection. Arts and both in Africa to a slight extent and manufactures have been introduced to a great extent in England. Though together with new ideas of health and at the Lambeth Conference he was an happiness. Such contrasts show the advocate of church union, he drew the power and blessing that come through line against non-conformists and all the Gospel under enlightened rulers. Protestants, and felt that, if neees- sary, Anglo-Catholics should rally Pioneering for Christ in the Sudan.

under any common Catholic standard, Johanna Veenstra. 8 vo. 233 pp. $2.00. even if carried by the ,Pope at Rome. Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1926.

The limited space devoted to his The country in which the author life as an African missionary shows Uved and labored as a member of the him to have been a sacrificial and un- Sudan United Mission is strictly wearying man, giving himself unspar- speaking, Southern Nigeria. Her ingly to his beloved Arricans, and in story is a vivid, warm-hearted, soul- his cathedral city of Zanzibar to aU ful history of her call and preparation foreigners needing his aid. He re- for the mission field, her journey to veals, however, a special leaning to- Africa and h'er life and varied experi- ward Romans, both clergy and laity. ences with the African people. She The chapter on a sisterhood that he tells many interesting facts and inci- established, "The Comminity of the dents-not only as related to herself, Sacred Passion," shows his strong but in connection with the people, mystical character and his deep devo- their customs, spirit worship, and tion to Christ as seen in the Holy their moral and physical life. It is a Sacrament. Some of the rules laid vivid and informing narrative of down for Africans training for the pioneer missionary life in this land priesthood are worthy or imitation, of moral and spiritual darkness. The though exception will be taken to his call to preach the Gospel here is strong points of emphasis on Catholicism. for the need is great. The results are H. P. B. encouraging in spite of problems and difficulties.

Uganda Contrasts. P. L. Garlick. Map and Illustrations. 12 mo. 74 pp. Paper, Is. Central American Indians and The Bible. London. 1927. W. F. Jordan. Introduction by W. Regi- It is fifty years since Protestant nald Wheeler. 88 pp. $1. New York. missionaries entered Uganda in re- 1926.

sponse to Stanley's appeal. Great The late W. F. Jordan was a true transformations have taken place and able friend of the Indian. The since then. Fires of murderous hatred population of Central America and for Christians have been extinguished, of the republics in the northern part and fires of love for all mankind have of South America is largely Indian been lighted in Baganda hearts. In- in blood; and as Secretary of the stead of a long, difficult trail in the American Bible Society in Mexico, jungle, in the face of wild beasts Central America and the Upper'

and savage men, a railroad now runs Andes, Mr. Jordan had ample oppor- to Uganda from the coast, and tunity for study and service of the steamers ply the lake. Good roads native inhabitants of those regions.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1927

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Dept. No. 20 ….~.- New York Don't HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Worry Theological Seminary Are you beginning to show In- School of Religious Education vestors' Worry-wrinkles? Kennedy School of Missions Are you uncertain about the se- w. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President curity back of your investments? A UNIVERSITY of religion. Three separate You can avoid all uncertainty sChools of Christian training grouped ou one and worry by investing in AN- oampus. The Theological Seminary trains for NUITY AGREEMENTS of the ministry; the School of Missions for the foreign field; the School of Religious Education the Home and Foreign Mission for the lay worker and teacher and for social Boards: Write to: service. Courses in any of the three schools are open to all students. Thus .apportunity is Morria W. Ehnea, Treaourer. BOaId of Foreitn olIered for full-rounded religioui! education. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Filth Avenue, New York, N. Y•• or Hartford Seminary Foundation is located In the center of the intellectual and cultural Ute W. J. Elliott. Tre..urer, Board of Home Mis. of New England, half way between Bostc)U and .ionl and Church J;:xteb.sion of the Methodiot Episco. pal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa• New York.

A series of handsome and wen-appointed buildings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in its section of the country. The Case Memorial Library containing 125,000 volumes is for the use of the three schools. This is one of the richest theologlcal libranes in the country. The faculty' Is composed of twenty-eight scholarly men and women who have attained distinction In their respective fields. .

HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Hartfpri., Connect~cut Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF T:fIE WORT.;O in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Contents for April, 1927 FRONTISPIECE Page • •.•… KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK EDITORIALS ……………………. 245 Who led the Children of luael into the ProDliaed Land? A MISSIONARY ADVOCATE TRANSLATED. Whe…. Noah'. Ark landed? Who was the first great Chriatlan CHINA AND THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM. mi8sionary?

THE JAPANESE EARTHQUAKE. FREE-Send for this AMERICA'S PJ,JGHT AND THl<~ RNM.l<my. 5-minute Bible Test SOME OBSERVATIONS IN CHOSEN …. Test your knowledge of the Bible. See how much • ••••••••••..••.. ROBERT E. SPEER 2Fll you really know about this great Book of Books.

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A MOSLEM'fj IMPRE'SSIONS OF CHRIS- MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE TIANITY …. CHARLES R. WATSON 273 CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Why the Moslem does not want to be a Dept 4684 153 Institute Place. Chic.cOt Ill.

Christian – and why he does. I Mood" llible Institute I Dt'pt. 4684, 153 Institute Place. Chicago. 111. THE LEGITIMACY OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN LATIN-AMERICA I Plea~ send me, Fre('. your 5-Minute II • •••••••..•• WEBSTER E. BROWNING 277 I Bible Test. No obligation.

AN ADEQUATE PROGRAM FOR HOME I I Name… ……………….. ……………………………………. MISSIONS …….. JAY S. STOWELL 284 I Street and No. ……… I ………………………… ! I ~:~~:::…………:….. :……….:…..:: ..::::::=:::::::::::: FREEDOM FOR MOSLEM WOMEN …. ————_…. L · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. G. KING 288 PERSONALS BEST METHODS FOR PROMOTING STEWARDSHIP ……………. 290 REV. ALLE;!,! R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D.. for WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN twenty-five years Secretary of the Boa.~d of •••• EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 295 Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. in the United States, i.~ celebrating this year • •• EDITED :BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 298 his golden jubilee in the ministry. NEWS FROM: MANY LANDS ……….. 302 *** THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………. 318 REv". WILLIAM PATON, formerly Secreta.ry TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, of the Nationa.l Christian Council of India, 25 cents. PubUshed montbly. CQPyrighted. 1925, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISIDNG COM- has been chosen to succeed Miss G. A. Gol- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. lock on the editorial staff of the Inter· na.tional Review of Mis8ions. . * .. to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING REV. A. S. PEAKE, D.D., well known in COMPANY, Inc. the United States for his writings in the field of biblical scholarship, has been elected ROBERT E. SPEER. President President of the National Free Church WILLIAM 1. CH.AMBERLAIN, Vice..President . Council of Great Britain, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary W ALTEB McDOUGALL, Treasurer PROFESSOR A. F. FULTQN, of the In- PubUcation olllee, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, dustrial Institute conducted in Morristown, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.~O a year Tenn., by the Freedmen's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was, when Editorial and Business 01llce, 156 Filth Avenue, a lad, sold as a slave for $1,196 in a build- New York City ing which is still standing on the campus of Entered as s:econd-class matter at the Po~t the Institute. Office, Harrisburg. Pa., under Act ot March 3. 1879.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to adv…-tlsers,

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on Missions in this RT. REv. H. W. K. MOWLL, for several Generation years Dean of Wycliffe College, Toronto, has suC)ceeded the late Bishop Cassels, of NOW IN ITS 21ST LARGE PRINTING "the Cambridge Seven," as Anglican Bishop of Western China.

*** REV. ANI) MRS. J. B. HAIL, retired members of the JJ.ij>an Mission of the Presbyterian Church'in the U. S. A., went out fifty years ago to Japan, where they are Iiving still. .

*** HARB.Y P. CoNVERSE, editor of the Christian Observer" is the third in direct descent to hold that position, His grandfather beearne editor in 182,7.

* REV. FRANKB. ~EELEY, D.D., of Kingston, N. Y., has been elected President of the Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America.

*** REV. DANIEL A. POLING, D_D., President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor and minister of the Marble Collegiate Church in NeW York City, has accepted the presidency of the Greater New York Federation of Churches.

/REV. JOHN 'It. GoLDEN, of Decatur, Ill., has been appointed a secretary of the United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples).

REV. JAMES S. KIT'fELL, D.D., of Jersey City, N. J., has been elected Secretary of the Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America to succeed the late Dr. William T. Demarest.

* THE BRITISH WEEKLY: "One of the most uplifting books in modern OHARLES EVANS HUGHRS, former Secre- missionary annals. Its Scenes and saytary of State, has accepted the Chairman- ings will enrich hundreds of missionship of the American Committee of the .ary addresses in days to come." World Conference on Faith and Order, to be held in Lausanne, Switzerland, in Au- THE CHRISTIAN CENTURY: "It gust, 1927. will be read and re-read in all western commuuionsi and is one of "the mem- *"" orable books lnconuection with the mis- sionary enterprises of the churches." REV. THOMAS BARCLAY, seventy-seven years old and for fifty-two years a mission- MANCHESTER GUARDIAN: "One ary of the Presbyterian Church of England of thamost anthrallingmissionary books in Formosa, returned to his field in October I have ever read. But it is far more after a brief furlough, to complete the re- than a book about missions." vised translation of the Old Testament into Amoy dialect. $1 PRICE, NET, POSTPAID *** = ==-= At the Better Bookahope MR. RUASELL W. ABEL, the son of the THE ABINGDON PRESS Rev. and Mrs. Charles W. Abel, pioneer missionaries in New Guinea, has recently visited NEW fORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO America on his way out to take up work in BOSTON PITTSBURCH SAN FRANCISCO Kwato, (Eastern Papua), under the aus- DETROIT KANSAS OTT PORTUND. ORE. pices' of the New Guinea Evangelization Society of America.

*** RRv. AWEN II. CLARK, D.D., of the to Marathi Mission of the American Board, has been transferred from Bombay Ahmednagar, ill order to take up some of . . . the work of the late Rev. Henry Fairbank, D.D.

MRS. W. H. C. GOODE has been elected Prelrident of the Women's Home MissiQn1j,ry Society of the Methodist Episcopal diiurch.

Pleas. mention tHE MISSIONAIIY R"VIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers.

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July 14. 1877 to March 12, 1927

APRIL, 1927

L FOUR ANOTHER E,AR'l'HQUAKE IN JAPAN EARTHQUAKE, :flood and fire again visited Japan on March 6th, 'causing considerable loss of life and much damage to property in the central provinces of Hondo, the main island. It was about two hundred and fifty miles from Yokohama. Over three thousand people are reported killed and nearly seven thousand injured, with ten thousand homes destroyed and at least twenty thousand people homeless. Most of the damage was in the Tango district north of Osaka and Kobe in Kyoto prefecture. A whole plateau in one region slipped, destroying the towns resting upon it. The following towns were largely destroyed: Kumikama, Mimeyama, Amimo, Iwataki and Kaya. Some damage was done in Osaka and Kobe. None of the towns seriously damaged are mission stations but the eenter of the relief work is Miyazu, where the Roman Catholic Church has one missionary. The ,Tapanese Christians, the Red Cross and the Japanese Government have energetically undertaken adequate relief measures.

AMERICA'S PLIGHT AND 'fRE RJiJMEDY "RICH aIHl increased iu goods," but with growing spiritual poverty, seems to be the general diagnosis of America's pre:,;ellt condition. '1'he newspapers are filled with reports of divorce:,;, scandals, murders, hold-ups, robberies, descriptions of unclean plays and salacious literature, and with suicides of young men, girls and business men of prominence. This is the dark side of the picture, it is true, but it presents a distinct phase and tendency of American life that cannot be ignored. Judges and magistrates warn us of the growth of crime and the lowering of moral standards among our youth. Over eighty per cent of the criminals of the country are less than twenty-five years of age. In explaining this condition, Justice Cropsey of Brooklyn, says: 245

A dozen years of investigation and experience have demonstrated to me that the vast majority of youthful offenders have committed crime because they have had bad associates in the years when their boyhood was turning into manhood-between the ages of 12and 18. Then a boy's ideals are acquired, his character formed. In those years every boy needs to be under the influence of the right kind. Tens of thousands of boys are nightly on the streets looking for amusement, seeking adventure, yearning for companionship. Many have no father; the parents of many others give them little or no heed. Sh()uld we not provide places where such boys may meet and play and be f'ntertained and instructed, and all the time be under the influence of men of the right kind? This can be done.' It has been done in a small way and with wonderful results. Why should we not undertake it in a big way? We can lessen crime by giving our attention to our youths.

But there is need for some more drastic and thorough remedy than boys' clubs, as is pointed out by Dr. Walter S. Athearn, a leading educator, as a result of his recent investigations testing the character and ideals of school children in America. Dr. Athearn states that over half of the children were found to cheat, lie and steal, and that their whole outlook on life is non-moral. Miss Georgia Robertson, a worker for reform measures in Washington, summarizes the report as follows: Trained scientists took children from schools and with ingenious laboratory tests bared their souls to our gaze! The scientists have written down in percentages the character rating of these children for us to behold!

Thousands of children were given what was called the "True-False" tests. A majority of the boys and girls answered as follows: "It is not wrong to steal from one who has secured his wealth dishonestly." " It is more honorable to have charge of an office than to work at a trade. " "Stu pidity is more sinful than deceit." "Unnecessarily failing to meet an appointment on time is not immoral or un-Christian." "It is true that our duty is greater to secure justice for the people of our own race and religion than for others." "Cheating a railroad is not 80 much a sin as cheating a person." "It is i1'ue that if a store keeper gives you too much money it is all right to keep it, because he would probably do the same if you paid him too much." All the children had to do was to make a pencil mark under the word true or false to show what they thought about it. Thousands of them declared these statements true! What teaching had they had either in school or at home, or how effective had it been that they held such views? The disclosure HhoWH the trend of thought in America today among school children! ~ot only did the~e children ~tate their approval of dishonesty, but whell put to the test they acted diHhoneHtly. When sent to II fltore with 25 centH to buy a certain article, and, by prearrangement, the clerk would say: "We are selling this for 15 cents today, " or would give a dime in change as though by mistake, "64 per cent of the children did not return the dime either to the teacher or to the store." The scientists feel that this is a true average for all American children. Other tests of honesty in paying their fare on crowded street cars, and reporting at a cafeteria how much food they had selected, showed that not half of them reported honestly! Another test showed dishonesty in examinations. The paper was in double sheets, the lower one waxed so it showed corrections. The questions and answers were put on the blackboard, the answers concealed by a map. While

J EDITORIAL COMMENT

the children were left alone in the room the map fell down and plenty of time was allowed for them to correct their papers from the board. "In some of these tests J 00 per cent of the children yielded to the temptation."

Children now growing up are living in an atmosphere hostile in many ways to best character development. Our forefathers braved a long perilous journey to a wild desolate land, peopled only with Indians, that they might have liberty to worship God aceording to the dictates of their own consciences. The family Bible was in the home, God was acknowledged there; children were taught to obey Him, and went to church to worship Him. In the schools, founded soon after their arrival, the Christian religion was taught, also in the church and private schools that became so numerous. It was not until about 1875 that our present public school system was established by taxation and religion was excluded. Our children were robbed of religious instruction and we are reaping the result today in increase of crime among youths.

Dr. Athearn points out the remedy as follows: "Unless children are taught religion they will not be religious; children can be taught in such a way that the whole course of their entire lives is changed." It is a significant fact that in the tests made by Dr. Athearn, Boy Scouts stood the highest. One of the troops of Boy Scouts organized two years before came within 17.7 per cent of being one hundred per cent trustworthy and honest.

There has without doubt been a break-down in the religious training of children in America. Parents have failed to do their duty by failing to give their children a training in Christian principles, by example and by precept.

Citizens have failed to help the children of their neighbors. There must be a return to the teaching of true religion in the home and the practice of Christianity in the family if conditions are to be improved. Sin is everywhere about us and can be conquered only by the truths set forth by Jesus Christ. Social betterment will not remedy the evil. IDthical instruction is not enough. Religious training is not adequate. Our children must be brought up to love and reverence God and to honor His name, His day, His Word. They must learn what it means to surrender to Christ and to follow Him. America is doomed unless a deeper sense of responsibility to God and of devotion to His will is developed in the hearts of the people, young and old.

CHINA AND THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM T HE conflicts and changes that continue in China have ham- pered, but have not put an end to, Christian missions there. The war between Northern and Southern forces has made it advisable for some American and British missionaries to leave stations in the war areas, but the large majority of them are still at work. One station (Chenchow, Hunan) of the Presbyterian Mission in Central China has been closed for the present, and the missionaries have withdrawn. A number of foreigners have been advised to come to the coast from Szechuan and other western provinces and

some have left Hankow, Wuchang, Changsha and Nanking. Little fear is felt for the safety of missionaries and it is not generally for this cause that missionaries are leaving their stations, but it is to remove, as far as possible, causes of irritation and because of the difficulty of obtaining supplies. There has recently been reported a split in the Cantonese forces, involving a dispute as to Bolshevist influence. Both North and South are urging on the foreign governments an immediate revision of treaties and a surrender of extraterritorial privileges.

The most radical change in reference to Christian missions that is taking place in China today seems to be the change in policy affecting the management of the mission schools and churches. Both the Cantonese and the Peking governments demand that missionary educational institutions be put under Chinese control and that they register and omit the teaching of religion in the curriculum. Some local committees have made absurd demands, such as that foreign funds be turned over to the Chinese and that students have the right to determine the courses of study and selection of professors. Southern unions also demand that no member shall attend Christian services.

The Canton regulation of institutions includes full direction by Chinese of curricula and student discipline.

The Canton Christian College, has already accepted the imposed regulations of the Cantonese.

Peking University has applied for registration with the Northern Government.

Shantung Christian College at Tsinan-fu is reorganizing. Nanking University is prepared to reorganize and register. Chengtu is making application under the Northern regulations. Suchow, belonging to the Southern Methodists, has accepted the resignation of its President, W. B. Nance, to be able to reorganize. Yale in China is closed without prospects of reopening. The Shanghai Baptists disagree, the Southern standing for retention, the Northern for turning over control. St. John's refuses to go over.

The executive board of the National Christian Council of China points out the new conditions that confront missions in China and favors increasing control by the Chinese of both Christian churches and schools. The missionaries, as a rule, are eager to have Christian Chinese assume control of these Christian institutions in China, but, naturally, do not favor putting them in charge of those wholly unfitted and UlIRympatheti(' to Christian ideals. 'While mission property may be placed under Chinese control, it is unthinkable that mission funds should be turned over to Chinese for uses out of harmony with the purpose for which the money is given. The Chinese cannot finance these institutions at present, and Christians in America and England will not support them under such conditions.

1927]: EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The changes taking place in China are not wholly unfavorable to Christian missions. They are a sign of China's awakening and of her people's desire to better their condition. There is naturally much unrest and many who seek to influence the popular sentiment are foolish and ignorant. Others are mislead by the propaganda of false teaching from outside. What is needed today is Christian patience and a continued effort to teach China by word and example the true nature and value of Christianity.

This is a time to pray without ceasing to God for China and for those, at home and on the field, who are bearing the responsibility.

"H AT HOME-KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK E THAT loves not lives not, and he who lives by The Life cannot die." So wrote Raymond Lull. He lives today in the work and hearts of many Christian missionaries to Moslems. Others whose lives are "hid with Christ in God" cannot die.

When the message came on Sunday morning, March thirteenth, that Mrs. E. C. Cronk had died the evening before, in a Philadelphia hospital, it seemed impossible-it was impossible. She had entered into rest from her manifold earthly labors and was" at home with the Lord."

For nearly fifty years, Mrs. Cronk brightened the pathway of many by her cheery smiles; for many years, she has used her rich . talents to minister to others in the spirit and power of Christ. In the midst of effective service the Master called her to close her earthly activity. She was taken suddenly ill after an address at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, on December twelfth. 'While the succeeding three months were spent in the hospital, she was always looking forward to further service. This was not to be on earth. The end came, but it was not the end of life; it was the entrance into larger, fuller life. Death was swallowed up in victory. "Thanks be unto God who giveth us the victory through our Lord, Jesus Christ," was the clear note sounded by Dr. Knoebel and by her pastor at the triumphant memorial service on Tuesday afternoon, in St. John's Lutheran Church, Melrose Park, Philadelphia.

While Katharine Scherer Cronk was a loyal member of the United Lutheran Church, she was, even more, a member of the Church Universal, and served all mankind. She was closely associated with the Woman's Missionary Society of her Church and was general superintendent of the "Light Brigade" of the Children's Department. She wrote much for boys and girls and was known far and wide for her inspiring addresses in behalf of Christian missions. For nine years she was editor of the "Best Methods" Department of the REVIEW and, the past seven years, a member of the

Board of Directors of the Company. She was active in the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and in the Missionary Education Movement. She also was one of the editors of Everyland, the magazine of world-friendship for boys and girls, and, with her friend, Elsie Singmaster, wrote pageants and books that are widely circulated.

Mrs. Cronk was a rare combination of high mentality and true spirituality. Her warm-heartedness, practical ideas and good judgment were combined with originality and a keen sense of humor. She inspired all who met her, even casually, by her unselfish interest in others, her cheery disposition, and by her earnest, Christlike spirit. She attracted young and old and was greatly beloved. The depth and the breadth of the influence exerted by her writings, by her inspiring addresses, and by her charming personality, cannot be measured. While true to Christ and the Word of God, she never manifested a spirit of fault-finding or suspicion of others. When her friends or hearers were "pricked in their hearts" by what she said, it was not because of her caustic criticisms, but because her consistent life and her presentation of the Christian ideal caused them to criticize themselves and to desire life with higher standards.

It is difficult to point out the lines of Mrs. Cronk's greatest influence. She was a power among men as well as among women; children and youth were greatly impressed by her j students or mature Christians alike took her as a teacher and friend. All felt the genuineness of her character and the truth of her message, whether she spoke on the need for greater devotion in missionary work, the joy and rewards of faithful stewardship, the power of prayer, the supreme need for vital spiritual life or the importance of training children in the love and service of Christ.

The stimulating personality of Mrs. Cronk will be greatly missed, not only in her home where she was a loving wife and mother, but in a very wide circle of friends where she always found a welcome. In her church, she truly served; in the hospital she was greatly beloved; in the numerous boards and committees she made many constructive and practical contributions; in conferences and summer schools her addresses will long be remembered; throughout the wide world the printed page has carriml tho messages that God gave her. All will miss her personality, but tho influence that she exerted and the messages she gave will not die; they will live on in the lives and work of many Christians who will pass them on to others, for the words that she spoke and wrote, the life that she lived and still lives, have that vital, eternal quality that comes from God.

Katharine Scherer Cronk was the daughter' of the Rev. J. J, Scherer, President of Marion College, Virginia. She Is survived by her husband. Dr. E'. C. Cronk, Secretary of the Lutheran Orient Mlssjon and by their son, John E. Cronk.

Observations in Chosen *

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK PERHAPS no country in Asia has undergone a greater change in the past thirty years than Korea. I saw it first under the old regime, just after the war between Japan and China and before the war between Japan and Russia. The old government, the old administration, the old civilization were still undestroyed. There were then no railroads, or modern industries, or innovations.

Now all is changed. Seoul is a totally different city. Today there are in Korea 1,165 miles of Government railway, running the whole length of the country from Fusan to Antung and reaching out east aud west to both coasts. There are also 265 miles of privatelyowned railways and 1,437 miles more projected or under construction. In 1901, when the Japanese protectorate was established, the first census (recognized to be inaccurate) reported a population of 8,781,671. In 1920 the population was 17,288,989 and: in 1923, it was 17,446,913-an apparent growth of 78 per cent since 1906 and an authentic growth of 31 per cent since 1910. The development of trade, as in the case of Japan, is even more remarkable than the growth in population. Exports advanced from Yen 18,856,000 in 1911 to Yen 218,277,000 in 1921 or 1,150% and imports from Yen 72,944,000 to Yen 450,658,000 or 618.%.

Offsetting this development it is claimed by some that the people are worse off than before. Prices and the scale of living have outdistanced wages and wealth. The Japanese, it is said, have been slowly getting possession of the land and are reducing the Koreans to serfdom. The temper of the nation has been commercialized. Immense economic changes were inevitable; the people at large and the Christian Church could not escape the evil and the good of this transformation. Noone can read the Governor General's annual reports on Reform and Progress, or see with one's own eyes the changes which have taken place and not realize that Japan is earnestly seeking the prosperity of Chosen for the sake both of the Koreans themselves and of the Empire as a whole. There was a time when Japanese administration was under the domination of military and imperialistic ideas but that time is past; while great bodies of the Korean people still resent Japanese rule and long for independence, and while many Japanese display to the Koreans a spirit of race superiority and seek only to exploit and rule, the policy of the present Government is just and kind and is designed to win the good will of the people. Everyone with whom we talked in Chosen, both Koreans and missionaries, recognize the high-minded and pure- ,. This is part of a report prepared as a result of one week's visit to Korea last year, and sabmltted to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.-EuITOR.

251

spirited charaster and purpose of the Governor General, Baron Saito, and are convinced of the sincerity of his efforts to secure justice and progress for Korea. Where can one find plainer speech on the subject of the relations of Japanese and Koreans than in the address delivered in February 1926, by Sakan Moriya, Director of the General Affairs Department, to principals of middle schools ~ He said: "Most .Japanese were only too apt to treat the Koreans with harshness and contempt instead of leading and enlightening them as brethren…..It is not strange then that these Koreans, never daring to be off their guard against Japan, came to look upon the Japanese as a dreadful, unapproachable, and domineering people ….. The attitude of most Japanese toward Koreans is not that toward brethren but that toward the conquered or toward employees …..

"Not only in Chosen but in Japan itself such psychology paying respect to Occidentals and despising Oriental., widely prevails, and the fact is that the Japanese in Chosen are simply exposing in broad daylight the fault fostered by the lack of the moral training of the Japanese as a whole ….. While Japanese thus treat Koreans with contempt and as men of no character, and engage in no spiritual work among them worth mentioning, I<JngIish, American and other foreign missionaries, as you know, are attending to their spiritual needs, and trying to help them by engaging in educational and medical undertakings ….. The Japanese have hitherto paid scant attention to winning the hearts of Koreans by first giving their own hearts to them ….. Koreans are not a mere stepping-stone for Japanese economic development, they are brethren of the Japanese with whom the ,Japanese ought to work in harmony for the common welfare and benefit. To feel contempt for Koreans who are our brethren is the same thing as feeling e,ontempt for ourselves ….. Fundamentally speaking, ,Japanese and Koreans are members of one and the same household, and the amalgamation of Japan and Chosen solemnly established the eternal relation of Koreans with .Japanese as brethren ….. Mere force, whatever it may be, military, political or economic, may be able to keep together two things of a' different kind, but it cannot fuse them into' one compact whole. This can only be done by a spiritual power. When the hearts and souls of both parties respond to each other just as a sound brings forth an echo, then, and only then, can be realized that true cooperative harmony which can n!:'ver be brought about by military or economic force, and the spirit of brethren having one and the same mind be revealed setting out on the grand mareh toward the ever-shining beacon of our great ideal. If we do not realize and start from this point, we shall never reap the harvest compatible with the true spirit of annexation …..

'''l'he Yasukuni Shrine SilOUld deify not only those who have fallen for their country on the batt1efi~ld but, for the future, those who sacrificed themselves for the love of men of other countries ….. Japan has never produced such a man as Lincoln, who accomplished the emancipation of slaves, not such a man as Livingstone, who sacrificed his life in a barbarous country for the sake of wiping away the tears of other races ….. It is most desirable that we Japanese should give full vent to our active sympathy and tender benevolence to men outside our own nationality. Above all is it required that we show whole-hearted sympathy toward the Koreans who are now sharing our fortunes …..

"1nstead of thinking that Koreans are filthy and ignorant, we should rather, rising above our opinion of their faults, think that they also have a bright future. The Koreans in the past were not in such conditions as

SOME OBSERVATIONi:' IN CHOSEN

at present. …. Among those studying in Japan are many who are a match for ~he Japanese in scholarly competition ….. Even among those agitating for mdependence of self-government, there are not a few who are really thinking of the welfare of the people and their good. Their sincerity differs in nothing from ours …..

"Our future national policy in our expansion abroad should be that those who are versed in the true Japanese culture should go in advance and that the foremost men of the country should be sent to represent the .Japanese people in general. We think it is necessary, for the future, that men of ability go to foreign countries as representing the Japanese race, especially religious men, educational experts, scientific authorities, and others, and engage in spiritual works, encouraged by the full conviction that they are exponents of the Japanese culture."

A foreigner would speak with more guarded qualification but it is good that there should be such talk. The missionary appeal of it is as applicable to British and Americans as it is to Japanese.

In spite of all the progress that has been made, Chosen has not yet accepted the lot of incorporation in the Japanese Empire. I should judge, however, that there will be no repetition of the Independence Movement and that any hope of autonomy rests, in the minds of the Koreans who want independence, upon the growth of liberal ideas in Japan and upon the establishment of such a League of Nations as would erect a world unity so real that Japan and Korea might abide in it side by side as united and equal members of one world brotherhood. Vast modifications of thought and feeling are taking place in Japan, and Chosen is sharing in them and must increasingly do so under the influence of the ever enlarging educat~onal system. Japan believes in education for her own people and she is steadily moving t,oward equal provision for the Koreans….. "The total number of sCholars enrolled in government institutions in 1924 reached over 464,600. Besidestnese, there are 804 public and private schools giving the various kinds of education though not following the standard curriculum set forth by the Government.' , It is estimated that less than one fourth of the school population is as yet enrolled.

It was the problem of the relation of our Mission's Middle Schools to the Government's educational policy which chiefly occupied attention on our visit. The Chosen Christian College has its own charter securing its Christian character and religious freedom. 'l'he Pyeng Yang Union College has also been "recognized" so that it can go on with its work with full freedom of religious teaching and worship and with all desired privileges. Both colleges, however, now suffer from one severe limitation. Only those students can now be admitted as regular students into these "recognized" colleges who come from "recognized" or "designated" or "registered" Middle Schools. And of our eight middle schools only one, the John D. Wells School in Seoul, has been as yet" recognized. ".

With reference to religious education in our mission schools,

the Government has come forward with a liberal proposition: Our schools may be given the status of "recognized" or "designated" schools, with all the privileges. of "registered" schools, and with full liberty of religious teaching and worship, provided they meet specified conditions as to equipment, standards and results . . . . Nothing could have been more liberal and sympathetic than the attitude of Baron Saito and his associates. Many of the people about him (whom we met at a luncheon) are earnest Christians. Mr. Oda, of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs, is one. They have difficulty in their educational organization but they declared that they sincerely desired to grant "designation" as soon as conditions were met and it could be arranged. Our missionaries are assured of their good will.

No one can see the Korean Church and its work without thanksgiving and joy. At Taiku we met the class of church officers from the Taiku field, self-supporting or supported by the churches, about 250 men, old and young, rich in Christian experience, full of evangelistic zeal. At Seoul we attended a mass meeting of representatives of all the churches of the city filling the great and beautiful chapel of the .John: D. Wells School. At Pyengyang we were present at the General Assembly with its Korean Moderator and clerks and eommittee chairmen and its large body of delegates, with a small sprinkling of missionaries, entering heartily into the proceedings but obviously in the background and exercising no C()ntrol or direction. And on Sunday we went about to the Sunday-schools and churches of that city of 60,000 population, of which it is estimated that between one tenth and one sixth are Christian communicants. When I was in Korea in 1897 there were 923 Protestant Christians in our 101 Presbyterian meeting places in Korea. According to the report of 1925-26 there were 62,530 Presbyterian church members and 1,625 churches and groups.

From the beginning our Korean churches have been taught by word and by example to be self-propagating and self-supporting. In .Japan Dr. Spencer traces almost all the churches to missionary initiative and organization, but in Korea the work has grown largely out of Korean evangelization. The Korean Church has· learned either to conduct unpaid evangelization or to provide the expense itself. The Korean Christians have learned to give and larger individual gifts are also being received. One man gave Yen 90,000 for a modern Christian kindergarten in Pyengyang. Churches have given Yen 30,000 for an Old People's Home in Syenchun, 30,000 for a Church Primary School in Taiku, 26,000 Yen for a Church School in Pyengyang, 20,000 for a church in Wiju and 25,000 for Chairyung. The Korean Church is a real and living church and it has met the test of fire. But it is entering upon new kinds of testing more perilous than

1927J SOME OBSERVATIONS IN CHOSEN

the past. There are many grave issues, but we have still in Korea a warm-hearted, devoted church, which studies the Bible and prays. Last year 55,% of the church membership in the Pyengyang field attended Bible Institutes for the prolonged study of the Bible. What these people learn they take home to their villages and translate into their lives. "Last August" says the Rev. F. H. Smith, "I asked a non-Christian police official at Heijyo if they had much trouble with Korean Christians. He said that aside from political mattets the distinction was perfectly clear and that the Christians were far superior to the non-Christians. " The report of the Government-General declares: "There is notw scarcely a place in the provinces in which the influence of Christianity is n()t felt ….. In recent times Koreans have organized selfsupporting Churches of their own, and entirely independent of missi()nary enterprises. Their earnestness in dev()ti()n and pr()pagati()n is very marked . . . . . The fact that Christianity in Chosen numbers about 359,000 believers, as a result of the forty years that have elapsed since propagation was recognized, is really remarkable, considering the experience in Japan proper and China, and ,may, perhaps, be partly attributed to the feeble influence possessed by the beliefs previ()usly existing in Chosen, but is chiefly to be attributed to the self-sacrificing labor of the missionaries and workers of all the Christian sects in the peninsula ….. It goes without saying that Christian propagation has done much for the enlightenment of the peninsula; and its attached works, such as educational and medical undertakings, have contributed greatly to its cultural development."

Dr. Rentaro Mizuno, Administrative Superintendent of the Government-General, said at the Tenth Annual Conference of the Federal Council of the Mission in Korea: "It can be said without any appearance of flattery, that Chosen owes much of her advancement in civiLization to your labors. . . Nothing is so essential as religious influence for the betterment of social conditions, and your work is of great help to the Government and directly or indirectly promotes the happiness and prosperity of the whole people. So we hold Christianity in high regard and give to it every possible facility for its propagation." These are sincere testimonies from without.

It has long been foreseen that new apologetic necessities were coming upon the Church in Korea. They are coming now in an increasing flood, both by way of Japan and China, and dirctly from the West and from Russia. The textbooks for all schools, public and private, are standardized and their view is sometimes anti-Christian. There is wide-spread communistic and Bolshevist agitation, especially among the increasing debtor class. There are young men's socialist and atheist societies, sometimes led by youths who have dropped out of the churches. The viewpoints and attitudes, which Christianity has to meet in the West, she has now to begin to face in Chosen. We shall have to meet in Korea, as the Church has met in Japan and is meeting in China, the whole critical assault upon the foundations of religion and of a spiritual view of the world.

Indian Christian Light-Bearer

Story of Dewan Bahadur A. S. Appaswamy, Pilla,i of Palamcottah BY REV. R. A. POPLNY, MADURA, INDIA District Secretary of South India National Council, Y. M. C. A.

.n.ARUMUGAM APPASWAMY was born in the year 1848, in a peri- od of great events in India. The first Sikh War had been con- cluded by the battle of Sobraon in February 1846, and w.as fol- lowed by the occupation of the Punjab by Sir Henry Lawrence. Lord Dalhousie succeeded Lord Hardinge as Viceroy in January, 1848. The second Sikh War started immediately and lasted till February, 1849 when the whole Sikh army was routed and Peshawar was occupied. The Punjab was annexed to the British Empire and John Lawrence was appointed Chief Commissioner.

Rangoon, the capital of Burma, was captured in 1852 and in 1853 the first Indian railway line from Bombay to Thana was built. In that Ye?r too the telegraph was introduced into India and the half-anna postage was instituted. Until that time postage varied according to the distance and it cost one rupee to send a letter from Bombay to Calcutta.

In 1857 the Sepoy mutiny took place and was followed by the abolition of the East India Company's charter and the assumption , of rule by Queen Victoria.

So the early years of young Appaswamy's life were very event- ful and pregnant with results for the future of India. Probably few of these happenings made their influence felt in the district of Tinnevelly in which Appaswamy was born, though rumours of them must have reached even these distant parts, and Appaswamy in his boyhood probably heard the J"lrophecies of the downfall of British rule which were passed from mouth to mouth even in this distant village. A railway was built near Madras and gradually extended towards Bangalore and Bombay. All these events took place hun- dreds of miles from the quiet sea-side village of Kulasekharapatnam, forty-four miles southeast of Palamcottah, where Appaswamy lived. It is only within thHlast few years that a light trolley line has been constructed to this place from Trichendur and in those days there was no railway anywhere in South India, except a few miles of line near Madras. A low sandy coast, with the surf breaking on the shore and clumps of palmyra trees with their tall trunks and small bunches of leafy foliage at the top were the only vegetation., The soil is brackish and it is here that much of the salt of South India is manufactured. Kulasekharapatnam in those days was a busy port in close touch with Colombo and young Appaswamy would often see the small country boats with their mat sails, bringing news from the outside world.

256 His father, Arurnugam PiIlai, behmged to an old family in the village and was Karnam (i. e. gov- ernment revenue officer) of the village, this post being a heredi- taryone. Nowadays, however, the hereditary principle is often de- parted from. He built himself a good brick house which is still in existence, and was a man of some considerable property and influ- ence. He was a masterful man of strong temper, yet withal of very affectionate disposition and lived to the good old age of 85 years.

He was a very religious man to the end, and an orthodox Saivite. He used the sacred ashes on his fore- head and wore the Rudraksharnarn or "necklet of sacred seeds"

around his neck. He performed his daily puja in his own house every morning immediately after his bath and used to recite Tamil religious poetry. He believed that the devotion of the heart was of more importance than outward ceremonies and yet was very su- perstitious, believing in omens, astrology and dreams. Mr. Ap- paswamy's mother was a very quiet and loving woman and an orthodox Hindu. She lived to be 72 years of age and died in tlle full belief that her son had done the right thing in embracing the religion of Jesus Christ.

There was also an aunt who was widowed early in life and lived with the family. She was a deeply religious woman and used to recite the devotional poetry of the Tamils. Though she was illiterate she knew by heart thou- sands of verses and Appaswamy DEWAN BOHADUR A. S. APPASWAMY learnt his first religious poetry from her. She would regularly perform her daily puja and as a 2

boy Appaswamy was initiated by her to be an acolyte in these ceremonies. He had also to read to her devotional poems from the Thiruvashagam and Devaram so that she might learn them, and this beautiful religious poetry wove its spell over him as over so many other Hindu boys. In addition to this devotional side she had plenty of common sense and was endowed with a shrewd knowledge of men and affairs which made her one of the most valuable influences on young Appaswamy's life.

Appaswamy had one older brother who took over the hereditary Karnamship. He was a man of strong character but did not distinguish himself. He died at the age of 72.

Appaswamy was the second child of the marriage and was born in Kulaselffiarapatnam on March 30, 1848. He received the family name of Sudalai Adtum Perumal, which is an appellation of the god Siva and means "the god who dances in the burning ground." He came as we have seen into a family where real religion flourished and where, while it drew inspiration from the finest devotional literature of the Tamil land, it was not afraid to strike out new paths in religious experience. Raja Ram Mohun Roy had an immense influence all through India and at this time it was beginning to make itself felt in the south of India, the home and center of Hindu orthodoxy.

Appaswamy had two younger brothers and three sisters. The third boy died soon after the marriage. The fourth is still alive and is sixty years of age. He joined the Christian Church a year before Mr. Appaswamy's death, as a result of the quiet and steady influence of his brother. His eldest sister became a Christian some time ago as a result of her brother's life and teaching and is still alive, a very earnest worker. The second sister remained a Hindu and one of her sons, Swaminathan, became the guru of Mr. Appaswamy in his later years, teaching him the secrets of Siddhanta Yoga. The third sister is also an orthodox Hindu and recently at the age of sixty made a pilgrimage to Benares.

These details of the family are relevant as indicating the religions atmosphere of the home in which Appaswamy grew up.. It is interesting to notice that perhaps the finest Indian Christians have been brought up in deeply religious Hindu homes. It seems to suggest that a real religious life in the Hindu sense is one of the best preparations for a full Christian experience. Among such men and women we may mention, Nehemiah Goreh, H. A. Krishna Pillai, Kali Charan Banerji, Narayan Vaman Tilak, Pandita Ramabai and Sadhu Sundar Singh.

In his book, "My Conversion" (C. M. S., London), Mr. Appaswamy relates that he was greatly influenced by two 'l'amil scholars who lived in the village and gave musical discourses on religion. He was a strict Saivite at this time and used to make a monthly pil-

1927J AN INDILU< CHRISTIAN LIGHT-BEARER

grimage to the temple of Subramanya'" at 1'richendur. He used to perform regularly the daily worship of Siva both morning and evening and was very punctilious in besmearing his body with the sacred ashes of Siva.

In this period there were as many as twenty missionaries (of the C. M. S.) working in the district of Tinnevelly, many of them being men of deep religious eJi:perience and charming personality.

There was also a mission school in the village of Kulasekharapatnam, to which many of the Hindu caste hoys used to go, and a small com- munity of Christians among the depressed classes. Appaswamy attended this mission school and read the gospels there. He also used to argue with the Christians, defending his own religion against theirs. At Christianagaram, a few miles from Kulasekharapatnam, an annual Christian festival was held and young Appaswamy would often go there on this occasion and listen attentively to the addresses.

In spite of this, however, he had no real interest in the Christian religion. He mentions one incident which impressed him with the patience and saintliness of the Christian character. Mr. Brother- ton, the local missionary, was once preaching at Kulasekharapatnam in the Brahmin street and was molested so badly that he had to PANDIT H. A. KRISHNA PILLAI leave, but the patience and calm- ness which he showed on this occasion deeply impressed Appaswamy.

As a boy Appaswamy may have gone to Palamcottah with his father, a distance of forty-four miles. Probably most of this journey was performed on foot, as there was no road for many miles, and part of it in the creaking springless bullock carts, typical of South India.

There were some great missionaries in the Tinnevelly district in the first half of the 19th century and the influence of their per- sonalities must have told in spite of opposition to Christianity. Rhen- ius the pioneer and evangelist; Thomas Ragland, the saintly and self-sacrificing worker; Robert Caldwell, the brilliant scholar of the Dravidian languages and later Bishop of Tinnevelly; Pettitt, • Second Son of Siva.

the church builder; Schaffter, the first of a missionary family, were among them.

In the year 1844 a boys' school was opened in Palamcottah with Mr. Cruickshanks, a Eurasian, as Principal. 1'111'. Cruickshanks had been blind from his twelfth year, and was a man of considerable learning and deep piety. His gentle loving nature endeared him to his students and his memory is cherished and his name revered to this day by his old pupils. A number of young men of good family connections joined this school in the sixties and young Appaswamy's life is closely linked with theirs. Cruickshanks' school exercised an influence in Tinnivelly somewhat similar to that of the school of Alexander Duff in Calcutta in the early years of the century. The fine personality of the Principal and his deep Christian piety made a profound impression upon the lives of those young men. As a result seven of them were led to embrace the teachings of Christ and surrender their lives to His service. They were all baptized in the sixties of the last century. Mr. Justice Devadoss, who knew them all intimately, speaks of them in the following terms: "They were all bigoted Hindus and were endowed with powerful and vigorous intellects. They were well versed in Hindu literature and honestly sought the truth. They could not accept the popular Hinduism of the day and philosophic Hinduism did not satisfy them. They wanted a faith upon which their reason could build. They had a steady courage and the motive of their actions was free from all taint of worldly prospects and ambition. They made their change of religion only after the most careful examination of Christianity and Hinduism." The story of these men forms the appendix to Mr. A. S. Appaswamy's work, "Fifty Years' Pilgrimage of a Convert" (C. L. S., Madras). They all attained to high positions and influence in the community and rendered great service to the young Christian Church. Four of these men had special influence upon young Appaswamy. One of them who belonged to the Raju caste, was the son-in-law of the Public Prosecutor of Tinnevelly at that time. The other was a munshi in Mr. Cruickshanks' school and taught Tamil to some of the missionaries. His name was Mr. E. Muthiah Perumal Pillai. 'rhe Munshi was a great Tamil scholar and had learnt by heart some of the finest works in Tamil literature. These three had lost faith in Hinduism and set to work to studv and discuss the merits of Hinduism and Christianity. They m~de a really serious study of Christianity and its teachings, and after some years spent in this study under the guidance of Mr. Cruickshanks they were baptized in 1857 by Mr. Sargeant, who afterwards became Bishop of Tinnevelly. Before baptism they refused to accept the rules of the missionaries with regard to food and dress, and so brought about a change of attitude on the part of the missionaries to these non-essentials. The Munshi was always a great reader and

AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN LIGHT-BEARER

his house was the centre of a circle of friends keen on studying the latest philosophical and religious writings. Mr. Danakoti Raju, his friend, became a doctor and set up practice in Madras and by his sterling character and brilliant intellect won the friendship of men like Sir T. Mahadeva Rao, Sir T. Muthuswamy Iyer, and the Maharaja of Travancore, who once stayed at his house in San Thome. He organized industrial concerns, steamer services, salt factories and a hydropathic sanatorium. The third friend did not distinguish himself in a worldly sense, but his simple piety and beautiful life won the affection and esteem of all who knew him.

The Munshi had a brother who was a bigoted Vaishnavite. His father used to read a portion of the Ramayana every day before MANORAMA- THE HOME OF MR. A. S. APPASWAlIY his midday meal and by the time he was sixteen his son knew the whole of Kambar's ·Tamil Ramayana by heart. He became a pandit at Sawyerpuram, where there was a boys' school. The missionary there, Mr. Huckstable, once asked him if he had any objection to becoming a convert, at which question he indignantly threw up his job and went to Madras. After his brother, the Munshi, had embraced. Christianity he also studied the Christian religion and was baptized in 1850. rrhereupon he returned to Palamcottah and became Tamil pandit at Sawyerpuram, to which school Appaswamy went at a 'ory young age. The district must have been deeply stilTed by this series of notable conversions and it says much for Appaswamy's father that in spite of them he was still willing that his son should go to a Christian school. Pandit H. A. Krishna PiIlai, the last convert referred to above, became a dominant influence in young Appa-

swamy's life. It was his life and personality, more than his preachlng, that won and attracted young men. He had a vigorous intellect and became the poet-laureate of the Tinnevelly Church. His metrical version of the Pilgrim's Progress, written on the model of the Tamil Ramayana, is a classical masterpiece, esteemed by all Tamil scholars. He was a man of puritanic simplicity, unalterable honesty and ready helpfulness. His home was freely opened to all earnest seekers after truth. Pandit H. A. KJOishna Pillai was the guru of Appaswamy both before and after his conversion. In his booklet "My Conversion" published in 1920, :Mr. Appaswamy tells of the mental and spiritual struggles through which he went at this time, of his unflinching study of the Hindu and Christian Scriptures, and of his final decision to become a disciple of Christ.

This is how he described Pandit H. A. Krishna Pillai: "Tall of stature and fair in complexion his face was attractive, his eyes beamed with love and he always spoke with much charm. He was meek and humble, a genuine and sincere man and a fervent lover of Christ. Having his own heart overflowing with love for Christ he melted the hearts of those who listened to him and drew tears of love from their eyes."

Appaswamy was eighteen years of age when he first met Pandit Krishna Pillai. He had gone to him to get his help with a view to admission into the Sawyerpuram school. At that time Appaswamy was a strict Saivite and so could not take meals from a Christian. There was no Brahmin or Saivite house in the village and when Krishna Pillai learnt that he had taken no food he himself provided Appaswamy with utensils and materials for cooking his meal and waited until Appaswamy had eaten before he would go and take hit own food. This incident made a profound impression upon Appaswamy and he never forgot it. It was the first factor in his ultimate surrender to Christ.

Appaswamy had promised his mother that he would be on his guard against the influence of Christianity and so he did all he could to keep away from it. He would listen from a distance to Krishna Pillai's talks with his students on religion and would often discuss religious questions with his school fellows. After some time however he was also drawn to Pandit Krishna Pillai and talked with him on religious matters. The thing that struck him most of all was that a man of Krishna Pillai's erudition and personality, with his wide knowledge of Hinduism and of the finest devotional literature of that religion, should have embraced the Christian faith. Appaswamy gradually began to give up his Hindu practicesalld to lose faith in the teachings of his own religion.

At this period he had to go to Madras to finish his studies. He would have to travel to Trichinopoly by road in a bullock cart, a distance of 200 miles. From there he would go by train. In those

J27 J AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN LIGHT-BEARER

days it was a ten days' journey as compared with only twenty-four hours now. He continued his religious enquiry there. He read books on the Brahmo Samaj, studied Unitarian literature and in every way possible endeavored to reach a conclusion on the question of religion. In his letters to his father he mentioned the change that had come over his religious ideas and his father was so alarmed that he came to Madras and took his son back to Kulasekharapatnam. .A. severe fever which brought him near to death's door made him still more anxious to find the true way of salvation. Then he went to Palamcottah and struck up a friendship with another young man, who like himself was keenly interested in Christianity. They together studied the Bible and the Vedanta and Siddhanta systems of Hinduism and finally both of them were convinced of the truth of the incarnation of God in Christ and decided to join the Christian Church through baptism. Appaswamy wrote to his father and told him of his decision and then went to Madras to prepare for baptism. After a little waiting they were both baptized. The baptism took place in Zion Church in Madras, on July 15, 1871, when Appaswamy was twenty-three years of age. At that time Rev. W. T. Sathianathan, a convert from Tinnevelly, was pastor of the Zion Church.

Appaswamy's baptism meant the breaking of all home ties. His father, who had tried in every possible way to induce his son to come back, was very much upset. To his mother the news came as a great shock and she refused to take any food and as a result was seriously ill for about six months. This kind of trial, which brings suffering and sorrow to those one loves, is far harder to bear than any personal suffering, At first his family regarded him as one dead and utterly lost;. but later on his parents came to feel that he had done the right thing and though neither of them became Christians they entered into his ideas and came to reverence and love his Guru and Saviour.

To BE CONCLUDED.

SOME MISSIONARY MOTTOES "The spirit of Chl'ist is the spirit of missions, and the nearer we get to Him the more intensely missionary we must become.' '-Henry Martyn.

"The greatest foes of missions are prejudice and indifference, and ignol'ance is the mother of them both."

"Love never asks how much must I do, but how much can I do." "A man may give without loving, but he cannot love without giving." "The goal of history is the redemption of the world." "Only as the church fulfills her missionary obligation does she justify her existence." , "The church which ceases to be evangelistic will soon cease to be evangelical. ' '-Aexander ·Duff.

Ideal vs. the Real in

BY THE LA TE REV. G. N. THOMS SEN Formerly a Baptjst Mjssjonary jn Indja YATHA devah tatha baktah, "The worshiper is like his God," is a favorite saying of the Hindus, but, like many other proverbs, it is only a half-truth. The worshiper is in reality either better or worse than the object of his worship, as is proved by the life and thought of three hundred millions in India.

The Moslem is not like Allah; the Jew is not like Jehovah, the Eternal, the Righteous, the Holy One of Israel; the Christian is not wholly like to the Christ. All need to pray: "Have mercy upon me, 0 God, according to thy loving kindness, according to the mul- titude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions." Every Christian can humbly say, with the Apostle Paul: "I count not myself to have apprehended."

But contrast with the Christian'standards the ideals and beliefs of, the Hindus. Their gods are not infinitely above them in character and conduct. Their religion is the result of groping in the darkness. Vhen man has no true knowledge of God or communion with Him, he begins to worship the sun, the moon and the stars and other material things beyond his comprehension as the representatives of the invisible Power which he does not understand and has come to dread. He has still a perception of a good God dwelling up above the world.

A lower form of heathen religion is reached when man changes "the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man and to birds and to four-footed beasts and creeping things." This form of religion finds expression in the worship of images and the conception of a good God is generally almost oblit· erated, so that the worshiper becomes obsessed with fear and often thinks of his deity as more demoniacal than divine. Finally, the lowest form of heathenism is that in which man comes to worship demons. How many have in reality" changed the truth of God into a lie and worshiped and served the creature more than the Creator!"

Hinduism contains these three forms of false worship. It is a great conglomeration of Monism, idolatry and fetishism. In it are traces of sublimest truth, but it also contains the horrors of the most degraded worship. As Mr. Beverly says in the Bengal census report: "The term Hindu, in its modern acceptation, denotes neither a creed nor a race, neither a church nor a people, but a general expression devoid of precision and embracing alike the most punctilious disciple of pure Vedantism, the agnostic youth who is the product of Western education and the semi-barbarous hillman who 264 eats without scruple anything he can procure, is as ignorant of the Hindu mythology as the stone he worships." All Hindus, however, whether high or low caste, educated or uneducated, apparently believe in an impersonal being or force, in total extinction of individuality, of all personality which is looked upon as "the curse of every religion. " The problem is how to become absorbed in deity and disappear, as the rain drop is absorbed and disappears' in the vast ocean. This is the question that Vedic, philosophical and popular Hinduism attempt to answer.

THE IDEAL OF THE VEDAS In Vedic Hinduism we find the faith of men who in ancient times forsook the worship of the true God. This faith is formulated in the Shastras or sacred writings which consist of the four Vedas, the t;ix Darsanas or Philosophies, and the eighteen Puranas. Investigators tell us that there are at least 10,000 distinct works in the Shastras and that even the most learned Brahman can know only a fraction of this vast literature. The Vedas have 30,000 long verses, the Puranas one and one-half million lines and millions of lines more are in the Darsanas. AII of these form the accredited sacred books of the Hindus.

The name Vedas is derived from the Sanscrit root vidto know or to see-and is etymologically related to t'ideo. These books are written in an ancient form of Sanscrit and consist of two principal parts, the Sanhita or Mantra containing in verse the prayers and hymns; and the Brahmana which give instructions in prose as to how to sing and pray. The parts of the Vedas that discuss questions concerning God, the soul and the destiny of man are the Upanishads. In the discussion of Vedic Hinduism we can only try to show what the hymns teach about God and our relations to Him.

There are four Vedas, the Rig, the Saman, the Yajur and the Atharva. The Rig Veda is the book of praise containing 11,000 verses and 1,017 hymns, some of which date back to the time of Abraham, 2000 years B. C. A few are simple poems which give spontaneous utterance to religious sentiment while the others are, in the words of Max Miiller, "to us a dead letter, and the conviction is growing among scholal's that many of them are intentionally obscure." Some of the hymns contain beautiful sentiments, but as Dr. Murray Mitchell says: Even in tile days when the first hymns were composed religion had begun to petrify. 1<~orms and rites were coming to be deemed more important than thoughts, feelings or deeds. The early period reveals a tendency to substitute the external for the internal. We may describe the religious belief which appears in the Veda as nature worship. It is a great mistake to call it monotheism .. Max Miillt'r rightly says: "If we must emplo~' technical terms, the religion of the Vedas is polytheism, not monotheism. At best there are momentary glimpses of what seems almost monotheism. At the same time,

as nature is throughout divine, there is often an undertone of pantheism, which in one or two of the latest hymns, becomes distinctly audible. It is thus difficult to designate or classify the Vedic faith-it abounds in con- tradictions. "

The gods spoken of in the Vedas are numerous. Deva, the word used for "god," signifies the "Shining One." The first god mentioned is Varuna, the same as 'ouranos (heaven). He enclosed and encompassed thew all. The next god, Indra, is a friendly deity giving rain and fruitfulness to the earth. He corresponds to Jupiter Pluvius of the Romans. He never questions his friends too closely provided he be well supplied with offerings. Next to war he most enjoys drinking the intoxicating Soma juice. Then comes Agni, (fire) the only one of the three worshiped at present. The sun, the moon and the stars are next worshiped, and at this stage all nature is personified and adored. Polytheism becomes pantheism. Only one more of the Vedic gods can be mentioned here who is greatly praised. This is Soma, so called from the juice of a milky plant which, by the process of fermentation, becomes very intoxicating. So Soma. became one of the most popular gods of Vedic times.

The second part of the Vedas, the Brahmana, shows the growth of the ritual which soon smothered the little remaining truth in their religion. Communion with God was lost; praise became mere lipservice, while prayer was changed into charms and incantations. Worship was converted into sacrifices because of which the gods were supposed to grant boons. The high caste Brahmans became powerful and encroached with unrelenting selfishness on the rights of both princes and people.

The Brahmana depicts the worship of the creature more than of the Creator. It is a dark picture. Dr. J. Murray Mitchell in his excellent work, "Hinduism, Past and Present," says: It. has sometimes been maintained that during the Vedic period there was a gradual elevation of the religious consciousness. On the contrary, we assert a gradual degradation. From Varuna to Indra was a great descent; from Indra to the duties of the Atharva Veda was one still greater. Farther, it seems in a high degree improbable that the conception of heaven as a physical object was gradually exalted, until the God of Heaven had such high attributes ascribed to Him as belong to Varuna. This theory assumes a gradual elevation of religion of which there is no ~vidence and it denies a degradation of which the evidence is overwhelming. Indra undoubtedly superseded Varuna; that is, low ideas built on physical phenomena came in place of high moral conception of divinity, which are almost worthy of being ranked with those of the Old Testament. .

The ideal of Vedic Hinduism is destruction of self, oblivion.

This is the summum bonu1n and therefore the two most popular "'ods of Vedic times are Agni, (fire), the devourer of all, and Soma the intoxicator who makes the worshiper forget. .

-Hindu theology, as revealed in the Vedas, failed to solve the

THE IDEAL VS. THE REAL IN HINDUISM

problem of existence, so philosophy tried to satisfy the cry of the human heart.

"There is no God," the foolish saithj But none: "There is no sorrow." So says Elizabeth Barrett Browning: "Sorrow, deep sorrow pressed forth the cries of despair: 'Whence cometh evil7' 'What must I do to be saved '1 , " Hindu philosophy tries to answer these questions in Upanishads. Only about sixty-four of these 200 mystic lectures are of value. Some of them were written about 500 B. C., but many of them are comparatively modern. They reveal a reaction from the times when all religious thought and feeling had been smothered by externals. On the whole, their doctrines are pantheistic, but dualism and even asceticsm also find a place in them. They profess to teach the way of salvation by knowledge and show how the human soul in ignorance of God and self clings to unworthy objects, and hence is "dragged into the whirlpool of life." The new doctrine of metempsychosis or transmigration of soul is now promulgated. The series of transmigrations are virtually endless~8,400,000 being the number given man according to merit or demerit. .After death he becomes a cow, a horse, a monkey, a, fly, a scorpion, a snake, or some other creature. ".Ah, this fearful round of births," says the Maratha poet, Tukaram, "This weary coming and going, when will it all end 1" The Upanishads teach that the end is reached when the soul knows itself, and is in union with its true Self, that is, with God. Pessimism, unrelenting pessimism, is the great doctrine of the Upanishads according to which salvation consists in absorption into deity. Since the Upanishads contain only a general philosophy, there naturally arose a desire to classify, arrange and expand these doctrines, and out of this desire grew the official philosophy of India called the six Darsanas (or demonstrations) consisting of systems founded on the Vedas, but which are really "eclecticism issuing in confusion. "

Hindu philosophy begins with a recognition of human sorrow; it seeks in vain for a remedy for sorrow and ultimately asserts and recommends annihilation as the only cure for human ills. .According to this philosophy God is not personal. He is a pure Being without power, intelligence or any other attribute. God is controlled by fate, an iron necessity. Man's one great duty is meditation, thereby to deliver himself from the misery of existence and to attain salvation by the rugged path of asceticism.

Hindu philosophy could not satisfy the human soul any more than could the theology of the Vedas and the Upanishads, so, after long years of gToping after trutIi, a new attempt to still the cry of the sonl is made and the Bhagavad Gita, the" Song of the Holy One," is composed in which an attempt is made to harmonize the discords

of the six philosophies. Great changes must have taken place in India in the meantime. Intercourse with the Hebrews, the Greeks and the Christians changed the complexion of Hindu thought. The Bhagavad Gita is the core of the great epic in the Mahabharata. The principal god of this poem is Krishna, the most popular god of India at the present day. The need and cry of the human soul for a personal God is supplied by making Krishna the great incarnation. Is it not possible that Krishna was the Hindu's idea of the Christ, of whom by this time they must have learned both from the Jews and the Christians ~ A letter from my friend, Prabala Rama Chandrayya Garu, bearing on this subject is of value. He writes: My idea is that the ancient Hindus had glimpses of truth, as can be seen from the ritualistic system which they have, that has so much in common with Judaic forms. The only rational explanation of this similarity in form of worship seems to be that the ancient Hindus came in contact with the Jews who were scattered prior to the captivity, and who at the same time, attracted the attenion of the ancient Brahman sages by their elaborate system of worship. The similarity in this system is that only they have thank-offerings, meat-offel-ings, drink-offerings, and burnt-offerings; observances of new moons and sabbath and the performance of purificatory ceremonies and ablutions. The ancient Hindus seemed to have framed a creed which is found in the 10th Mandala of the Rig Veda, called Purusha Sukta, in which it is said that the Lord of creatures, Pryipati, came to this world to offer himself as a sacrifice for the whole world.

Coming to a later period the worship of Krishna is significant. The similarity between the Hindu conception of him and the New Testament description of Christ is most striking. Both are said to be gods and lords of creation. Both declare that they have been specially sent by God. Both established their worship among the masses, whilst the most religious persons discarded them. To establish their claims, miracles are accredited to Krishna similar to those performed by Christ.

But the worship of Krishna has become gross, as is the case in all forms of Hindu worship. Now the question is: how did Krishna get a place in the Hindu pantheon ~ The only rational explanation seems to be that it was through the Christians who came in contact with the Brahmans of India. There is a tradition that the Apostle Thomas visited India, preached the Gospel and died in Mylapore. near Madras. This may be p;ll'ely a myth, but some Christians undoubtedly came to India at a very early date.

Krishna is today, in Hindu worship, the incarnation of sensual desire. Such an impure deity could not satisfy the soul of man, and it is not surprising thelefore that a sect, the Charvakas, named after a noted teacher, should arise in opposition to this worship. The system of the Charvakas, however, was nothing else than undisguised materialism. The morals of this school embody the materialism of all ages: "Let us' eat and drink for tomorrow we die."

19~7J THE IDEAL VB. THE REAL IN HINDUISM

POPULAR HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM The religion of the grea t masses of the people of bldia as we find it today is eo'nfusioll worse confounded. The Vedas and Darsanas have had great influence ill shaping the creeds of the learned, but the pessimism of both has also taken a great hold on the life and thought of the masses. If one would make an exhaustive study of the popular Hinduism of today, he must study the vast literature of the Hindus in at least a dozen of the languages of India, as well as English, German, Arabic, French, Persian and Greek. One would also need to be a profound logician, knowing how to distinguish between fact and fancy. In fact, only omniscience can adequately describe the life and thought of the people of India.

After reading all the voluminous commentaries on the Vedas and the philosophies one must explain how :Brahmanism became the greatest hierarchy the world has ever known; how the great priestly power of the Brahmans superseded every other power, so that the hierarchy became the sun, and the government the moon, deriving all authority from the Brahmans. This condition of affairs was principally established by the Code of Manu which received its present form about 400 B. C. This code was and is today the great civil and criminal code of India. By it the claim of Brahmans to divinity 'Was legalized and the rights of the Brahmans were declared to be inviolable and divine. This code made the Brahmans the visible gods of India. It is to blame for the degradation of woman and faT suttee-the burning of widows with the bodies of their deceased husbands. All honor to Lord Wm. Bentinck who in 1829 had the moral courage to quench those hellish fires forever. This law-book contains some gold among the dross; for instance, "The wicked have said in their hearts: 'None see us!' But the gods see them and so does the spirit in their own breasts!"

Then one must study the great conflict between Brahmanism and Buddhism. Buddhism originally was a protest against the usurpations of Brahmanism and would have become the great reformation of India, if only Buddhism had been the religion of our God. When Brahmanism had reached the height of her glory this eclipse took place. Alas, that it was .only an eclipse! Brahmanism shone forth brighter than ever, after it had overcome the eclipse by incorporating the new into the old. Buddha was made an incarnation of Vishnu and by persecutions and massacres of Buddhists as depicted on the walls of the great temple in Madura, the Athens of Southern India, Buddhism in India proper was almost wholly suppressed. This rise and fall of Buddhism in India was productive of a large literature written in many languages, and all this would have to be studied. Then we come face to face with the bulky literature written after the failure of this revolution, when Brahmanism took a firmer hold on the minds and hearts of the people. We have

to study the ten Avatars of Vishnu. There is no doubt that at this period Judaism, and espedally Christianity, had begun to exert great influence on this mighty system of priestly power. The Jews had made known the prophecies concerning the Avatar of the Christ and the Christians had told that the Avatar of the Christ had taken place. Grasping this truth the Brahmans incorporated it in their system and said: "If the Jews and Christians have one Avatar we will have ten!" Of all the Avatars those of Rama and Krishna became the most popular. '1'he great epic poems, the Ramayana giving the exploits of Rama, and the Mahabharata, describing the wars between the Pandavas and their cousins the Kauravas, as well as the exploits of Krishna, were now composed.

The Puranas bring us down to comparatively modern times. These treatises exerted a powerful influence on Hinduism, and did much to develop the mighty upas-tree under whose poisonous shade the millions of India die. Along with the eighteen Puranas and the eighteen Upapuranas we must also wade through all the filth of the Tantras which some Hindus exalt above the Shastras. These teach the demoralizing worship of Sakti or female energy.

In addition to the almost innumerable books of India one must also study the history of the almost innumerable sects into which Hinduism is divided. The last census of India revealed the fact that while there are nominally only four castes there are 20,000 subdivisions of castes. These are again subdivided into sects that are always quarreling one with the other, each sect claiming to give the true interpretation of the Vedas. Again there are reformed sects innumerable, and every year new sects spring up like mushrooms. These sects often disagree about the same question that divides us, namely the way of salvation. Among the followers of Vishnu are the Vandagalais and Tengalais, who with Oriental realism discuss these same doctrines. The Pengalais hold the Marjala theory, that is Vishnu saves man nolens volens as the cat saves her kitten, by taking it by the nape of the neck and carrying it away: while the Vadalais teach that Vishnu saves as does the monkey. The young monkey holds on to the mother and then is borne away from danger, so when the sinner holds on to Vishnu he is saved.

It is the almost unanimous conclusion of all scholars who have tried to explore this vast ocean of Hindu dreams and fancies that, during 4,000 years of arduous attempts to reach the truth, it may all be summed up in the proposition that personality is evil, and that annihilation is the only panacea for this evil.

After dipping into this great mass of Hindu learning one reaches the same conclusion that Dr. Murray Mitchell presents: ~tls to belief Hinduism today includes a quasi-monotheism, pantheism, polytheism and atheism-or at least agnosticism. As to worship, it includes meditation on Brahma; image worship and demon worship, fetish

H'27] THE IDEAL VS. THE REAL IN HINDUISM

worship and ghost worship. But again, a man may be a good Hindu who avows no belief at all, provided he pays respect to Brahmans, does no injury to cows, and observes with scrupulous care the rules and customs of his caste. Two hundred and eight millions of our fellow men are satisfied with this system, worse than nebular nothingness, a system truly tohtt lOa bohu, without form and void.

THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE HINDUS In presenting the real in the religious life of the Hindu we must beware of the extremes of flattery and faultfinding. I am afraid Arrian, in his history of India, did not avoid the extreme of flattery when he wrote of the Hindus: "They are remarkably brave; superior in war to all Asiatics. They are remarkable for simplicity and integrity; so reasonable as never to have resource to a lawsuit, and so honest as neither to require locks to their doors, nor writings to bind their agreements. Na Indian was ever known to tell an untruth I" On the other hand, Abbe Dubois, a Roman Catholic missionary,' went to the extreme of faultfinding when he wrote in his otherwise excellent book on the Hindus: "Are we not warranted, on beholding the unnatural and odious worship which prevails over all India, in thinking that these unhappy people are lying under an everlasting anathema, that by obstinately refusing to listen to the voice of the heavens which declare the glory of God, they have forever rendered themselves unworthy of the divine favor?"

While the Hindus are not as good as some of their flatterers assert they are better than their ideals as revealed in their sacred books~ Let it be borne in mind that in all his sins and faults, the Hindu .is always religious. Religion dictates, controls and guides both the good and evil in his life. When a Hindu steals, lies and murders, he does so "by the grace of his god" just as he works, sleeps, prays and is charitable" by the grace of god."

Some of the evil traits all too common in the character of the Hindus are: (1) Ingratitude-there is no "I thank you!" in his language. (2) Untruthfulness-to be called a liar is almost a com· pliment to the Hindu. (3) Dishonesty-especially among servants and officials. (4) Use of vile, abusive language. (5) Perjuryjudges in India have told me that at best their judgments are but guesswork because of the perjury of the witnesses. (6) Forgery. (7) Want of confidence in their fellow men. The unselfishness and love which bring friends, neighbors and relatives so close to us are unknown in India. (8) Oppression-the poor are virtually the slaves of the rich. (9) Revenge-Hindus are generally unforgiving and seldom forget a wrong. (10) Immorality-to be impure is a part of Hindu worship.

On the other hand, everyone coming in contact with the Hindus will find that they possess in an eminent degree: (1) Industry:

most of the people are very hard working. (2) Patience. '1'he people will elldUl'e hardships without mnrmuring. (3) Filial Respect. The word of the elders is law. (4) Charity. By means of charity they hope to acquire merit, and even the poorest are always ready to help the needy. (5) Parental love. A proverb admonishes the people to give one fourth of their income to their parents, one fourth to God, one fourth to current expenses and one fourth for the education of the children.

A few facts prove that the real Hindu is better than many of his ideals. I have never in the many prisons I visited in India found any such murderers as Rama and Krishna are said to have been, nor are the Hindus as immoral and shameless as their gods. The people are not as intemperate as the gods are represented as having been, and there is still a searching after the one- and true God. 'rhe Hindus feel the need of union and communion with God and hence of their own accord they have. established many prayer unions. Every missionary can cite instances .where men, women and children have even called upon the name of Jesus in their distress of soul. At the present the old ideal is fast passing away in India. The leaders .of the people often apologize for the conduct of their gods and say that all that has been written about them is merely allegorical.

Of all the agencies that have brought about the dawn of a brighter day none has been so potent as Christian missions. There are many who in secret serve and worship Jesus and our prayer is that God may soon raise up another son of India's soil who like Buddha shall become a great r~former of Hinduism, but who, unlike Buddha, shall bring to the dying millions the blessed Gospel of salvation through Jesus Christ. Today too Christians' ideal is recognized as the highest and purest throughout the length and breadth of the land, but as so many nominal Christians are so far from the ideal they profess, many Hindus hesitate to follow Jesus wholly, fearing that in taking this step they may make another mistake. The day is coming when Jesus, the Christian's ideal, shall be the Hindu's ideal. May God hasten the day when Christians and Hindus, yea all the nations of the earth, shall" press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus our Lord I"

If I live as if there were no God-no God to protect, no God to console, no God to punish-what am I but the fool that said in his heart, "There is no God7" What is the atheism of the lips compared with the atheism of the lifef-Amos R. Wells.

A Moslem's Impressions of

Why the Moslem Does Not Want to Be a Ohristian-and Why He Does BY THE REV. CHARLE'S R. WATSON, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT President of the American University at Cairo T HE American Christian is hearing so constantly about the su- periority of his Christian religion and civilization and about the defects of Islam as a religion and a life that he often says to himself, "Surely it ought to be easy to make Moslems Christians." Or if he has heard that the task is difficult, he ask", in bewilderment, "Why don't they respond to the Christian appeal1 Is not Christianity obviously superior to Islam at every poinU Is not the Christian political conception of an intelligent democracy obviously superior to Moslem absolutism founded on all but universal illiteracy and ignorance~ Is not Christian social life infinitely elevated above Moslem society in which the whole female half of society is degraded and backward ¥ In moral and religious standards, how hopeless is the comparison between Christianity and Islam!"

Let me .try to give the impression of Christianity which the Moslem has received from his contacts with Western civilization.

To the Moslem, Islam is a life and a civilization. Over against it stands your Christian life and civilization. Yours is simply an- other way of living, of doing, and these are the impressions he gains of it.

First, the Moslem views Christianity through the movies. He is intensely interested in knowing how people live in these great Western Christian lands. He gains some insight byway of books and the printed page. He devours these. Not all of them, however, are classics. The dime novel has had wider circulation than the truer descriptions of Western life. But at best the printed page gives a dull picture. Comes the movie. Now he will see life as it is in a Christian country. We look at the film story and we know that it is a bit of fiction. We recognize where it is exaggerated, highly colored, sensational. Not so the Moslem. No other knowl- edge of Christian ways and life are his to correct what he sees, to suggest to him that he should discount a single feature of the story on the screen. He accepts it literally. And what does he seeT The best we have in the film world ~ Far from it, the worst! Yes, and worse yet than Europe can produce. The free mingling of the sexes which we can understand, he interprets as a public licensing of that which 1s1ams allows only in the seclusion of the harem. If he has had any ideals about the white woman and the sanctity of the white man's home, those ideals are shattered. Now he knows the truth.

3 2m

'rhe "Bella Donna" type fixes the color of his future conceptions. Do you wonder that he does not accept Christianity?

Again, the Moslem views Christianity through the foreigner. In spite of restrictions, into every part of the Moslem world the foreigner has come. It is usually a Greek first, the grog shop keeper; then some one of the mixed races of Southern Europe; others still, Italians, French, English, even Americans. Dr. Mott has pointed out that it is a most unfortunate fact that where two civilizations meet, it is usually there that the most unworthy elements of both civilizations come to the front. It is all too true in the Near East. The grog shop keeper, the money shark, the exploiter of others, the rough and brutal, the white slave trader, or, on a higher level, the snob, the exclusive type, the white man possessed with an inordinate sense of racial superiority-these are, far too often, the types that make and damn the Moslem's impression of Christians. For are these not all of them Christians ~ They belong to the Christian West, to its civili,zation and life. To the Moslem they are Christians. I do not wonder that he is not attracted.

Again, the Moslem views Christianity thro~gh his own experience in travel. Some of this travel was enforced as during the War. What these Moslems saw during the Great War, we need not discuss. We admit, however, that it was not Christianity functioning at its best. But the War is over~at least, it is so reported. Now the Moslem sees Christianity as a traveler. But where does he g01 For one who comes t.oAmerica, ten go to England, for ten who go to England, a thousand go to Italy and France. And where do they go in these lands! : Do they 'get into what you call Christian homes 1 Not a bit of it. From hotels ,they pass to cafes, from cafes to theatres 'or cabarets. The boulevards of Paris and Piccadilly in London and the Great White Way of New York give them their impressions of Christianity and Christian civilization. Now they know! Have they not visited Christian lands T Yes, the streets are cleaner, there is more electric light, there is wealth and magnificence. They are almost ready to be denationalized if they can fall heir to it all, but they do not see why they should become Christian. Nor do I.

Once again, the Moslem views Christianity through politics. His country bears some considerable relation to lands that are called Christian. The Christian West simply will not leave the Moslem East alone. What have those dealings been? The first of these were the Capitulations. These were rights which the Moslems accorded to the foreigner to enable him to trade in Moslem territory. What has been the history of these Capitulations? Across years and centuries, by political manipulation, Western nations, so-called Christian, have made use of these Capitulations to secure for their nations immunity from taxation and protection in crime on many occasions, while more than once Capitulations have become the excus,e for ter-

A MOSLEM'S IMPRESSIONEI OF CHRISTIANITY

ritorial occupation. These political deceptions and intrigues acre charged up to the Christian way of doing things, politically, Almost every Western nation in t.urn has at some time been found guilty of substituting force for law and justice, in spite of the teachings of Jesus.

Thus it is that the ordinary Moslem sees Christianity. I have not picked out evil nor imagined points of contact which do not exist. I am giving you just what strikes the average young Moslem, such as we have enrolled in our University. He is interested to know the West, this Christian West, and the impressions he gets of it come to him first and most readily through the movies, through contacts with foreigners, through travel and through the political dealings of his own country with these Western Christian powers. In all of these you will admit there is no very great inducement for a Moslem to favor Christianity. If this were all, we might well despair. But, thank God, there is more. 1'here are things that count.

First, let me mention science. The Moslem world is essentially unscientific. 'Just because they have an arbitrary God whose moods are unknown and whose actions are inscrutable, they can have no foundation for science. How can you have science if the God of your Universe is utterly indifferent to law1 So Islam has lost its grip upon all science and yet can not resist the spell which modern scientific discovery lays upon everyone. Western science is to the Moslem an eternal miracle. He marvels at what the Western Christian world can bring forth, in medicine and in mechanics, in the auto and the gramophone, in the wireless and the aeroplane, in the typesetting machine and the loom. He will borrow all he can' but· he craves that which lies beyond imitation. He craves the pqWfl' to create and invent, to draw endlessly upon the resources of nature as the Western mind seems to be able to do. Here is something good. Here the Moslem looks not with contempt but with wonder and admiration at the Western Christian world and is willing to he taught. And what a chance there is here to lead through nature to God!

Again, I would mention idealism. With all that seems despicable about the Western world, the Moslem somehow gains the impression that out of the West come great ideas and great ideals. He reads of these in his newspapers. He hears them enunciated on the lips of great leaders-a Gladstone, a Wilson, a Lincoln, a 1Vashington. Some find them in the Christian Scriptures or other Christian literature. It matters not that these ideals have not yet found realization. It matters much that such noble sentiments and conceptions should be promulgated. Here is an asset which the Moslem finds in the Christian world.

Yet again, I would name the backwardness of Moslem lands, in contrast with the progressiveness of Western lands. To be sure,

in some sections there is smugness undisturbed. But for the most part the consciousness is there and sometimes it is a bitter consciousness of the backwardness of Moslem lands. Why should illiteracy be 93 per cent in Egypt, when in America it is only 171 Why should twenty-three children out of every hundred in Egypt die before one year of age, when in the United States only a fraction of this number dieT Why should so many of Egypt's population be subject to the dreadful disease of bilharsia, when in Christian lands the disease is unknown r Why should there be only one hundred and three miles of railroad in Persia when that land is equal to three great states that front the Pacific and three great states that lie behind them ~ Why should these Christian lands be teeming with libraries, hospitals, orphanages, colleges and universities, when whole continents of Moslem territory haven't more than one or two of each of these, and then only because of Western initiative1 Deep as an undeniable fact and fixed as a settled conviction becomes the realization that Moslem lands are dead and need to be made alive; that Christian lands, because or in spite of their faith, are alive. Perchance from them Islam may learn the secret of a vitalizing national awakening.

As a further suggestion and one of the most significant, I would name among the contacts in giving the Moslem a view of Christianity Rome personal acquaintance or friendship with a real Christian. I have mentioned his impression received through the foreigner. If what I have said covers ninety out of one hundred, thank God there are the remaining ten who may interpret Christianity more truly. I trust that I shall not be regarded as specially prejudiced because I am in educational work when I say that here is the great value of this educational method. It catches the boy before he is hopelessly prejudiced. It takes him not for a chance interview or a fleeting hour but for the entire time of weeks and months and often years. It gives him Christian friendships. It admits him to the Christian homes. He looks into the faces of unveiled women whose lives are pure. Suddenly there breaks upon him the genuineness and naturalness of this Western treatment of women;" the ennobli;ng character of it, the wholesomeness of life where men and women ~ive on an equality and share life's joys aRd burdens together.

Lastly, I would name the interpretation and illustration of the Christian faith by the representatives of Christianity in Moslem lands. Somewhere at some time in the process of his impressions about Christianity, the Moslem must have access to those who will sit down with him and indoctrinate him as to the significance of Christianity. The supreme thing of course is that he shall gain a living experience of God through Christ and that spiritual power shall come coursing into his life imparting purity, power and joy. To render this service is the supreme happiness of your representa- tives across the sea.

RA~'T ON THE LEBRIJA RIVER, CO LOMlllA; THEJ RIVEJR ABOUNDS IN

The Legitimacy of Evangelical Missions in Latin-A·merica B Y REV. WEBSTER E. BROWN ING, PH.D" MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY SOME earnest evangelical Christ,ians ,q,u,estion t,he legitimacy of Evangelical Missions in Latin America. It is a natural question, and particularly so when asked by those who contribute to the financial support of this w6rk. It comes also from the young people of our colleges and seminaries whb are looking about the world in search of the best place in which to invest their lives, and who have little exact knowledge of the religious conditions that prevail in the Latin republics.

A satisfactory reply to the question would require a generoussized volume. Yet the following suggestions may be of help to some who are interested in this particular field and who are willing to study further, 'l'wo results of Evangelical work in Latin America might be classed by some as by-products of the missionary programme, yet either of them fully repays for all the missionary money and life already invested in these lands.

1. The first is to be found in the English-speaking congre,qations that are scattered from the Rio Grande to the Straits of Magellan, and which minister to the spiritual needs of the thousands of men and women of our own language and religion. who are compelled, because of business interests, to live within the bounds of Latin- 277

America. In every case, save a few British Consular Chaplaincies, founded a century ago, the work of these congregations-some of which are now self-supporting union churches-work was organized and has been carried on by membeJ;$',of this or that evangelical mission, who have thus added to already heavy duties that of ministering to the spiritual needs of their fellow-countrymen. . Sunday-schools have been organized, and provided for the religious education of the young; church buildings or halls have been provided, until such time as the congregation could secure its own; the Word has been faith- fully preached; the minister has been at the call of the members of the community, when wedding bells have rung and when death has knocked at the door; and these little and struggling congre- gations have stood out boldly as a marked proof of the religious con- victions of our fellow citizens who are self-exiled from the home land.

2. The grea t advance in the conquest of civi[ liberty in the twenty republics of Latin-Am er·, ica during the last half century is very largely due to the liberalizing influence of the Evangelical mis- sions. Cemeteries which were for- merly closed to all who had not been shriven by a pri est of the Roman Church-even to little chil- dren who had not been baptized by a clergyman of that faith-are now AN INDIAN FAMILY IN SOUTHERN CHILE open to receive the dead of all faiths or of none; marriag'e is no longer a sacrament that can be administered only by a priest of Rome, in order that children may be considered as of legitimate birth, but is a civil contract which may afterward be consecrated by a minister of any faith, if the contracting parties so desire j ulld liberty of worship has been fought for and secured by liberal statesmen who have been very largely inspired by the teaching of the Evangelical missionary. Persecution, by the hierarchy of Rome, which has filled many a martyr's grave in Latin-America, has been largely checked and there is not a government today which does not willingly exercise its influence or its might to insure to the Evangelical missionary complete liberty of speech and action. Other reasons, perhaps more strictly within the programme of Christian l'nissions, may be briefly summed up :

927 J 'l'lIE LEGI'l'IM:ACY OF EVANGELICAL M:ISSIO:t'i" IN LATIN-AMERICA

(1). If we should grant that the Roman Catholic Church is all that it ought to be, and that it has done all that it could have done to give the whole Gospel to the people of Latin-America, yet the indisputable fact still remains that this great field has not been fully occupied. Moreover, the Roman Church, with its declining power, is impotent to extend its sphere of influence.

In general, the cities and towns that rim the coast have been cared for, but there are some which have not been provided with a sufficient number of places of worship, and the great interior contains a numerous population for which that church has done little or nothing, even as Protestantism has been even more remiss in the fulfilment of its duties toward this great area.

IN THE KINDER(MRTEN AT CRANDON INflTITllTE, MONTEVIDEO In Bolivia there are but 328 parish churches, 83 of them without priests, in an area equal to the combined area of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California and Nevada. Paraguay has but 84 priests to a popUlation of a million. More than half are in the capital, the remainder expected to care for a region as large as an New England and almost completely without roads of any kind. In Colombia, in the region drained by the Sinu river, with a population of 100,000, there are but three priests, and the archbishop of Cartagena is reported to have declared that, in spite of all his efforts, he could not find candidates for the priesthood. Chile, which extends for three thousand miles along the Pacific and reaches up to the ridge of the mighty Cordillera de los Andes, reports one priest for every 8,000 of its population, most of these in the large centers with

STUDENTS TAKING 'THID OOMMERCIAL COURSE IN GRANBERY COLLEGE (METHODIST), JUIZ DE FORA. BRAZIL the country districts cared for only by occasional missions.. Even Buenos Aires, the second Latin city of the world and the metropolis of Latin-America, "with a population of 2,000,000, has but thirty-five Roman Oatholic parish churches and eighty-one ch1'1pels, according to published statistics. Philadelphia, with about the same population, in addition to its large number of Protestant chur~hes, has 285, and Brooklyn, also of about equal size, has 120.

The great interior of the continent, which, in South America, alone constitutes an area of 6,000,000 square miles, is pitiably lacking in all that constitutes a proper provision for the spiritual necessities of its people. In all that area, there are but 84 centers of Protestant work, and in all South America, in a population of 60,000,000, there are but 125,000 Protestant church members.

(2). The various governments, in spite of strenuous efforts, have not been able to provide for the education of the entire population. In every country there is a small group of well-educated men and women, but the educational spire, though high, is exceedingly slender. The president of an Argentine university is quoted as having declared that" ten thousand persons do all the thinking for the eight or nine million Argentines." In Brazil, in a recent survey of one of the interior States, out of 3,000 persons only thirteen could sign their names. The average analphabetism must reach 75 per cent of the population, the lowest in any country is 38.8, and the highest can not be less than 92 per cent.

11i:!' J THE LEGrrIMACY OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN LA1'IN-AMERWA

Moreover, while schools may instruct, they do not educate.

Professors teach that God is a myth, religion man-made, and soulmold is not a function of the school. In but few, if any, universities, could more than ten per cent of the students be found interested in any degree in religious matters. The majority, while not antagonistic, would declare themselves completely indifferent.

(3) There is a deep distrust of the dominant church, coupled with a lack of religious conviction on the part of the men, which can be overcome only with help from without. A South American writer has recently declared, "Speaking broadly, men are non-religious. I will go further and say that a sort of suspicion lingers about a church man, for people know that loyalty to the Catholic Church does not always spell loyalty to what is just and right." Another writes, "The man does not believe in the Church, feels no need for it, and is accustomed to ignore its existence." The women, especially of the upper class, are geuerally practicing Catholics, but it is a grave misfortune for Latin-America that its men are divorced from theology and Christian worship. : . i _ (4). Roman Catholics point to the divisions of Protestantism as a proof that it is fundamentally wrong.. Yet four hundred years of untrammelled spiritual hegemony in Latin-America have not given to Roman Catholicism that hold on life and that spiritual authority that it should have secured, and each decade marks a decline in its spiritual power. There is a greater unity of spirit among the too numerous Protestant sects, than in Roman Catholicism itself, and much of the vitality and dynamic power of Protestalltism CRANDON INSTITUTE GRADUATES WHO ARE NOW TEACHERS

is due to that friendly emulation, which characterizes religious life in the United States. Roman Catholicism has been of great use to Protestantism in the Nordic countries, in spurring it to purer and more active life, and needs, in return, that same help in its own work in the countries of Latin-America. Because of the presence and work of the Evangelical missionaries, better sermons are being preached by the Roman clergy, purer life is demanded of the priest- hood, more and better hospitals and schools are being founded and are maintained at a higher level, and new life is already stirring.

(5). The millions of pagan Indians scattered from the Rio Grande to Magellan's Straits constitute a commanding challenge to the Evangelical churches of North America that cannot longer be ignored. Muny of these In- dians, it is true, have been bap- tized, but it is most often but a baptized paganism. The Indian may go to mass and he may pro- fess reverence for the saints, but at heart he remains true to his tribal divinities and turns to them in times of stress and doubt. The great mass of the Indian popula- tion is as thoroughly pagan as were their ancestors when Colum- bus first looked out on the shores ENTRANCE TO THE EVANGELICAL of the Wf etns.tbeersn ownocreldr.uleTdhebyretmhe- INSTITUTE OF THE· SOUTHERN nants PRESBYTERIANS, AT LAVRAS 0 haughty Inca or proud Monte- zuma, many of them head-hunters and cannibals, as well as quiet tillers of the soil in the mountain valleys and the high plains, can expect no help in the alleviation of their ills, except as it comes to them from the Evangelical churches of Great Britain or the United States. Bishop Oldham has characterized the Indian of South America as the "most pathetic figure in history," and has declared that "if ever from the depressed heart of a submerged people there went np a cry for help int.o the ears of the Lord God of Sabaoth, that cry goes up this day from the nearly twenty millions of Indians scattered from Mexico to Chile."

The Evangelical churches are today willingly pouring out money .and life in the uplift of the black folk of Africa and the belated na- tions of the Far East, and conditions merit and demaIld even greater sacrifice of both. Yet, when these millions of fellow-Americans, as pagan and as needy as the most submerged races of the world, beg for the crumbs that fall from our loaded tables, we tU1'n a deaf ear to their cry. Surely God will require at our hands the lives and

1)27J 'l'IHJ LEGI'l'IMACY OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN LATIN-AMERICA

souls of these our dark-skinned brethren of the South who have long cried out in their agony and heard no reply save the echo of their own wailing!

(6). The love of fair play which characterizes the Anglo-Saxon race demands that we give something to Latin-America, instead of limiting our efforts to getting all possible out of it. The com~ mercial interests of the United States in the twenty Latin republics would today total around $4,000,000,000, and Great Britain has even larger interests. Our business and professional men have gone into these countries and in fair and open competition won their just share of business. But can we, as a nation, rest satisfied with this successful penetration of commercial relations 1 Shall we make no attempt to make known to the Latin-Americans our educational, social and religious ideals? Are we to discourage the interchange of moral and spiritual resources, and be satisfied with mere material gains 1 vVhat Latin-America, in common with all the world, needs today, is a new vision of the Christ. And with this vision will come a new ideal of service, a greater readiness to take up the cross that must be borne and to establish the Kingdom that must be established. If to help other peoples attain to this vision is legitimate, surely it can not be less so in Latin-America.

THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL OF THE "PEOPLE'S INSTITUTE," SUSTAINED BY SOUTHERN METHOIJIISTS AMONG THE POOR OF RIO DE JANE.IRO

Adequate Program for Home

BY JAY S. STOWELL, NEW YORK I Na story which I read recently one of the characters was con- tinually talking about going a mile off and looking at himself, in order to see things in their proper perspective. The Home Mission enterprise appears to need some of that treatment just now.

In my judgment, Home Missions are passing through a very critical period. We are in a rather unusual sense at the turning of the road, and the particular fork which we take is a matter of considerable concern to the Church and to America at large. One road seems to lead us to a slow and, let us hope, a painless death, or to that apparently tranquil state of innocuous desuetude. The other holds out the allurement of hard work and of problems to tax our imagination, our faith, and our courage, but with the added enticement of real achievement.

The appeal of the frontier, which stood us in good stead for a century, is gone. To be sure, the genus cowboy is not altogether extinct; homesteaders can be discovered without a magnifying glass; and there are yet some thousands of acres of untrimmed and unmanicured sage-brush and greasewood to reckon with in our national domain. But it is becoming more difficult to convince a hard-headed farmer, on a northern New York farm worth ten dollars an acre, that his money is best expended by giving it to help support competing churches in southern Idaho, where land is worth $250 an acre. One does not need to argue to prove that the days of frontier home missions as such are gone and gone forever.

Another appeal which we have used effectively in the past but which is failing us in these latter days is that patronizing attitude, which makes us beneficently minded toward the man upon whom God has bestowed slanting eyes, a dark-hued skin, or curly hair. This appeal to a supposedly more favored race for benevolence toward a different race is still effective so far as getting money is concerned, but its by-products are woefully unfortunate. It is about ready for the discard. Unfortunately it becomes sand in our eyes and blinds us to the real immensity of our task.

So too the appeal of the log cabin and the adobe shack are more and more impossible of use. No more striking moment occurred in the recent El Paso Conference than that in which, a Mexican youth with but a sixth-grade education stood on the platform and pleaded, "Don't show those pictures of our poverty around the country. "

Wha.t then is our task and our appeal? Is it not to provide adequate opportunities for Christian religious nurture, and opportunities for religious expression to both young and old? It is to reach 284 the unreached. To reach them we must first find them, and, when we look about, we discover that they do not all live in Clay County, West Virginia, or in New Mexico. They are everywhere, and almost everywhere we have churches of some sort or other. Our first task as home missionary leaders, therefore, is to lead in making our local church program more effective. We must become leaders in mapping parishes and locating the unreached, in evangelism, in local church finance, and in religious education. We must show our people how to serve the entire community and how to make our churches community and Kingdom servants rather than social clubs.

The people whom we wish to reach are connected with families and live in houses. We can locate those houses and make sure that every family is under the care of some church. 'rhe extended area of "no-man's-land" around so many of our churches must be done away, and church programs must be enriched to serve the people effectively.

We must make our churches concerned about the people who are "different," and even show them how to crowd up a little closer in the pew and make room for the one who is "different." So far as the records go, the smell of garlic never killed anyone, and it is no more pervasive than an i.rresistible spirit of good-will. Of course in many communities outside aid must be secured, but would it not be a wonderful thing, if we could make our subsidizing activities an incident in a great plan of church effectiveness, which had for its goal the wiiming of every man, woman, and child in America to Jesus Christ, regardless of racial origin or complexion ~ Human nature being what it is, our most immediate task is with the rising generation and the fundamental missionary challenge in the United States today is the nearly twenty million boys and girls who are not enrolled in any Sunday-school or similar organization, either Catholic, Hebrew, or Protestant, and who are growing up uninformed concerning matters of religion and untrained in religious living. And these young people are everywhere. Professor Felton has told us that.in Tompkins County, New York, they found 77 per cent of the children in the rural communities studied outside of any church or Sunday-school. In fact, in one public school district only one child was connected with any Sunday-school. Recently in one of the richest agricultural sections of Iowa a Methodist district superintendent said, "One half of the farmers in my territory never go to church, no Christian minister ever goes into their homes, and their children are enrolled in no Sunday-school."

It matters little whether the skin of these young people is red, brown, black, or white; whether they are children of foreign-born or native-born parents, or whether they live in log cabins, in apartment houses, or on landed estates. It is a matter of national concern that the education received.in our public schools shall be supple-

mented by very definite religious training and that that training shall be made available for our entire juvenile population. The task is an enormous one, but its accomplishment is feasible. A start could be made by employing three thousand trained directors of religious . education and distributing them one to a county throughout the United States to correlate and unify the work already done by local churches and communities, to improve the efficiency of the work, to extend its outreach through daily vacation schools, week-day religious instruction, club work and the like and not the least important to survey t.he ent.ire area with a view to discovering the boys and girls not now receiving religious training and relating them to some church or Sunday-school, where they can receive such training. A considerable number of such workers are already employed. One of them alone last summer had nearly fifty volunteer workers conducting daily vacation church schools in rural communities. Practically all of these volunteer workers had either college or normalschool training. They gave their time without renumeration, the communities providing incidental expenses. We should not rest until the responsibility for every family is definitely located. Ultimately the task may involve many paid teachers of religion, with as adequate qualifications for their particular work as are now demanded of the teachers in our public schools.

To locate the boys and girls and the men and women now un· reached and get them under the care of some church is a feasible undertaking, particularly in our rural sections. It could. be done as effectively as our public- school authorities now locate the boys and girls of school age, but it calls for a united approach. It would at least show us where our task lies and it would probably reveal to us the fact that instead of being surfeited with religious leaders we are short of men and women to do the work, especially individuals trained to direct the work of religious nurture.

Surely such a comprehensive program would capture the imagination of our constituency, and it would help us to make the most effective use of all the agencies now in the field. Suppose we were to state our immediate home mission goals for America in some such simple and understandable terms as these: EVERY FAMILY IN AMERICA CARED FOR BY SOME CHURCH.

EVERY Boy AND GIRL IN AMERICA ENROLLED IN AND ATTENDING SOME SUNDAy-SCHOOL.

EVERY CHURCH IN AMERICA WITH AN ADEQUATE AND WELL-TRAINED STAFF AND A WELL-CONSIDERED PROGRAM OF WORSHIP, RELIGIOUS NURTURE, AND COMMUNITY MINISTRY.

Then suppose every local church, every community, every state and city church federation, and every national religious agency were asked to join in a cooperative program for the achievement of these goals. At present we tend to depend too much upon what we can

AN ADEQUA'l'E, PROGRAM FOR HOME MISSIONS

do directly as national agencies; we are giving too little attention to inspiring all our churches to more earnest and more intelligent effort all along the line. '

To reach all the unreached in America seems an overwhelming impossibility. To reach the unreached in one single community, however, is a perfectly feasible undertaking. Could we enlist the present forces for righteousness in all our communities in a united enterprise, our task might be accomplished.

Such a program would of course have to head up somewhere for purposes of publicity and direction, but probably not for field administration. The work on the field could be done through the agencies now operating there. Ten or fifteen thousand dollars in- vested in such a type of promotion would probably release many times that amount in terms of applied Christian energy on the field.

Religion played a large part in America's early colonial life.

Our institutions were founded in a religiously-minded society and were permeated with religious idealism. No greater calamity could eome .to America than to lose that idealism by allowing repeated generations of American youth to grow up illiterate in religious matters and untrained in religious life. If we could provide for all the boys and girls of America as good opportunities for religious nurture as some boys and girls are now enjoying, and if we could interest our local churches in the adults now unreached by them, we .

would not have much reason to worry about the America of the'

future.

THE GLORIOUS ENTERPRISE OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS· BY AMOS R. WELLS, D.D., LL.D., BOSTON, MASS.

Missions make up the most extensive, powerful, and effective enterprise in the world today. No other enterprise reaches so many 'People, moves them so mightily, and commands for its services so much brain power and soul power. Missions are laboring for the improvement of every great city, of all remote corners of our land, and of all its diverse populations. Missions are carrying the Kingdom of God to every nation under the sun. Missions are instinct with heroism, ceaseless in industry, magnificent in achievement.

Do you not want to be allied with this noblest of all endeavors, the establishment of the Kingdom of God T You could not give your life to a more resplendent task. You could not enter a more imperial Brotherhood. The work calls for the best that you can contribute. The work will develop you until you are at your best. No other work is so satisfying, so inspiring.

The Kingdom of God is calling you now. Do not give any smaller aim a chance to seize you. Do not waste a year or a month of your life on inferior objects. Join the Church of Jesus Christ, and you will find that step to be your entrance upon the royal life.

"From the Christian Endeavor World. Freedom for Moslem Women * BY MISS J. G. KING I N EGYPT during the past few years Moslem women have ob- tained greater freedom in many respects. The veil, formerly designed to protect the wearer from the public gaze, is now a thin flimsy ornament which hides nothing from the passer-by. The new laws of child-marriage have established the minimum age of sixteen years. Free acquaintance is granted with their husbands and sons, and permission is given to mingle freely with the audience at the cinema or. theatre, instead of occupying the strictly harem seats allotted to the women. They are allowed to go in the streets and frequent the shops without the customary servant in attendance. In fact, the Moslem women of Egypt seem to be entering into the freedom of the civilization of the West.

Yet I call to mind a very different picture of the Moslem women of Egypt, whose lives are still behind the latticed screen of the harem. Few foreigners really know all that goes on in the Moslem homes (so called) of Egypt. The tourists see only the side of life described by the press correspondent. How many homes are touched by this transformation? Perhaps one in a thousand, and the ordinary Moslem woman knows nothing of this new freedom.

Ohild-marriage prevails everywhere still, in both city and village. During the Nile evangelistic campaign, when visiting in the districts unfrequented by the European traveller, it seemed that in practically every house in the village there was the little child-bride, from nine years old to eleven years, and sometimes younger. The days of seclusion began from the time of betrothal, and the little br:de entered the life of the harem. No laws of the mimimum marriage age ever rescued her from the bondage of harem life. She has never known a true child life. Will the mothers who read this think of their own bairns of eight and nine years old, and their happy lives of freedom, and let the cry of the little child-brides of Egypt come home to their heart1 The sorrows of these children are very real. 'l'hey yearn for the love you lavish upon your little ones. The wedding-day may be attended with great outward excitement, yet I have seen the fear on the faces of the little child-brides, as they know not who their husband may be, whether kind or cruel, and they realize what it means to leave a mother and be given to the care of a man whom they have never seen.

The second picture the curtain reveals is the girl of fifteen to eighteen years, not recognizable as the strong healthy schoolgirl of America, active in all games and various sports, enjoying the life of the girl guide, or entering college to pursue the studies she loves.

• From Blessed Be Egypt~ Cairo. 288

1927J FHEEDOM FOR MOSLEM

Where is the freedom for the Moslem girl? She has known no girl- hood, she is, to outward appearances, a middle-aged woman, and what have the years of harem life done for her~ Her mind is warped, she knows nothing beyond the care of her children and the cooking of the food. She cannot discuss any questions of the outside world. She has never seen it. She cannot read-only six Moslem women in a thousand can do that. She is the slav~ of her husband; she is ill- treated, or not, at his caprice. Her days follow in one ceaseless round of trivial household duties. Her life becomes one of scheming how to deceive her husband in order to save a little of the money given her for household purposes, and to lay it by for her own wants, or to pro- vide for herself should the fatal day of divorce come. That dread, which haunts her, day in and day out, is a very real dread, and its shadow falls across every Moslem home. I have been in the midst of a group of some seven or eight women, and from each one the same story was poured out. "Yes, I am a divorced woman." "My hus- band tired of me a few months after my marriage and divorced me. "

"I have been divorced three times."

I have heard the cries of woe in the dead of night when that dread has become an actuality, and the woman has been ejected from her husband's house to find a home where she can-with her parents, if they are living, or with other relatives. Try and picture all it would mean to live constantly with a dread of homelessness hang- ing over your head, and to know it is possible at a moment's notice.

'l'his is the picture of the girl's life in the harem.

There is only one more scene I can disclose behind that latticed window-the woman in old age. There is no care for the aged woman in the home life of Egypt's women. Unwanted she came into the world, so uncared-for she may leave it. The saddest picture of all is the grey hairs that go down in sorrow to the grave. Oftentimes the end is hastened, and very little mourning is made for the old woman.

I have heard the remark, "Their life is over, they are no use now, it is better they should die; God will be merciful to them." There is no hope and no comfort for their last days.

Where is the new freedom we have read about? It is coming slowly, but the freedom of civilization is not the one they need to release them from their bonds of sadness. The new freedom is the glorious liberty of the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist, to be preached in every home, to be proclaimed to every tired, sin-stained soul. Have they heard that yet 1 Very few have yet heard the glad tidings of the love of Jesus, and that He came to set at liberty them that are bound. But we have the great responsibility of sending the Gospel to these women. We must answer the question now for it may be the door of opportunity, which is open now, will close for Egypt's women. How can we face our Lord, if we have heard of their sorrows and done nothing to give them this new freedom for which they are yearning? 4 . _ ..– . BEST MBTHO DS · ",a'1!S"l'li :M-"" '-",,- CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP IN PRINCIPLE AND PRACTICE Pocketbook Heroism from littleness, worldliness, and sec- In the first year of its existence tarianism. before the new missionaries went out Fourth. Because the Gospel is adeto foreign lands, the receipts of the American Board of Commissioners quate to save. One needs but to see for Foreign Missions were less than the transformations worked by the one hundred dollars. When the so- Gospel in mission lands to have faith ciety assumed the responsibility of greatly strengthened. sending the men abroad, it had about five hundred dollars in its treasury :J!'ifth. Because only through the and only twelve hundred dollars in churches and their giving will the lost sight. Their· heroism was communi- world be reached. cated to the pocket-books as well as the hearts of a multitude of American Sixth. Because the large work of Christians. Gifts were laid on the world redemption includes all Chriscommunion-table at the ordination of tian work in its blest circle. Get a Adoniram Judson and his fellow mis- church deeply interested in the work sionaries so that the communion-table of Christ in distant lands, and you have no trouble in interesting it in every good work everywhere.-Mis- sionary lntelligencer.

became "an altar of offering." Be- STEWARDSHIP AND PART_ fore they sailed the American Board NERSHIP had received six thousand dollars and the missionaries received the money By R. A. ETHERIDGE for their outfit, and salaries for a year Our Lord has not called us all to be in advance. "At one house where the missionaries, but He called us all to Judsons were entertained, the door witness. From twenty years' expewas opened by an unseen hand, and a rience as a lawyer, I know something purse of fifty dollars in coin was about the witness on the stand. A thrown in, with the label, 'For Mr. witness must have experience. He Judson's private use.' " must have something to tell, and he WHY EVERY CHURCH SHOULD must know whereof he speaks. I have GIVE TO MISSIONS an experience for which I am thank- ful, and I know what I am talking First. Because the Master com- about.

mands. Every church must partici- The fundamental thing and the su- pate in giving the Gospel to the un- preme thing in giving is that the saved or fails in its loyalty to Him. Christian shall give himself. I had Second. Because gifts are greatly been a Christian a long time before needed. The work is enlarging, the the truth of that dawned upon me. I unentered fields are calling, the mis- had not thought about giving God my sionaries need funds for the work. family, my business, all my future Third. Because the churches need prospects. When I made that com- the partnership. Only the church plete surrender and handed over my that participates actively in this work life into the hands of God, I found is promised the blessing of the pres- that to give Him money was merely ence of Christ. True partnership in incidental; that was easy. When B world missions will save the churches man has made the supreme gift of 290

BEST METHODS

himself, and has surrendered his will his day's work for the Master. I pray and his life into the hands of God, God to bless him. He says, as he lies you do not need to talk money to Him. down at night, "My partner at At- Giving follows as the night the day. lanta is just going to his office for a We ought not to ask people for their day's work. God bless and prosper money until they have been first asked him. " Oh, the richness of it; oh, the to give themselves to God. magnificence of it, to be a child of About twelve years ago I awoke to God and a citizen of the world, and the blessed fact that the Lord was to be engaged in partnership with willing, not simply to save my soul God in bringing to pass the Kingdom and my spiritual being, but that He of God, which Jesus Christ Himself was interested in everything that came to this world to establish in the touched my everyday life. He is will- hearts of men.

ing to come down and enter into partnership with me in the practice of The new world which is coming will law; that He is as glad to be by my be worth as many sacrifices as that side in the morning at my desk as on for which ten million men laid down Sunday when I teach the class of men thei,' lives during the world war.- in the church to which I belong. So I ROBERT E. SPEER.

decided to go into business with the Lord, to ask Him to be a partner in SOME PRINCIPLES OF BENEVO- my firm; and I promised Him that LENCE any material blessing or prosperity By J(}HN D. R(}CKEFELI~F.R that He might send to me would })e The man who plans to do all his used as a sacred trust for His glory giving on Sunday is a poor prop for and for the good of my fellows. I the institutions of the country. promised Him that out of every dollar that might pass through my hands, We must always remember that a definite proportion should go into there is not enough money for the the treasury of the Lord. work of human uplift, and there never I kept books with the Lord, and can be. How vitally importaut, therenow there is always money in God '8 fore, that the expenditure should go treasury. I do not give grudgingly as far as possible and be used with the any more. It is the joy of my life. greatest intelligence. My Heavenly F~ther has prospered me and I try to see to it that it is It would be the narrowest sort of clean business. view to take, and I think the meanest, to consider that good works consist My Partner has resources. He chiefly in the giving of money. knows how to help me. It should be a greater pleasure and satisfaction to give money for a good There has been such a blessing that cause than to spend it.

has come into my life that I love to WHY DO YOU GIVE? tell other men about it and ask them to adopt the principle of being liberal There is the story of a lady· who with the Giver of all good. It pays in dreamed that she went to church and a thousand ways. It pays in the en- as the people were going away she saw largement of life. I have multiplied some one standing at the door holding myself by having a missionary at a plate for the gifts of the people. It work on the other side of the globe looked like an ordinary plate, but it while I am working here. Every day had the power of changing each gift we pray for him. He is doing the into its real value in God's sight. A same thing for us. That man is in- gentleman put in a ten-dollar gold terested in my prosperity. It is a piece, which at once turned into brass, ha.ppy thought that as I lie down to because the man had given it in order sleep, my representative on the other to be thought well of by others. A side of the world is just going forth to lady put in a quarter, which turned

quickly into a penny. She could give our interest in the advancement of more, and she gave only because God's Kingdom on earth. Once get others gave. A little girl came up, people interested, instructed, and indropped in a penny, which turned in- spired concerning missions; get them to a flower. She had given just to down on their knees for the salvation please her teacher. Then a very poor of the world and giving must follow. little girl came along and put a penny When a Christian gets the worldon the plate. Instantly it was changed wide vision he gives and gives freely. into gold. The child had denied herself to give the money, because she STEWARDSHIP SERMONS loved the Lord Jesus Christ. Thi~ made it well pleasing to God. Your soul and your money will move in the same direction. When THE APOSTLE'S PLAN OF GIVING you are a child of God your money 3S 1 Corinthians 16.2 well as your life and lips must reveal to whom you belong. ERIODIC W01"8h1pful Prayerfu! In the gospel enterprise money should not be produced at the expense "On 6nl day dlhe week Cheerfu! of life but as a result of life–spirit- Habitual ual life.

ERSONAL Each Man The church life must possess a Each Woman proper atmosphere if the finances are Let each. on~ of you to be produced wisely and helpfully Eaoh B01J for all concerned. . . . Atmosphere Each Girt of the right sort is produced by care- No Proxies ful and constant prayer, thought, and No Mergilng planning concerning church finance; it does not produce itself. ROVIDENT ~'o,.ehanaea Financing the gospel enterprise is Lay by him in store DelibeTOto a spiritual matter first, last and all the time. Thoughtful Intelligent Every child of God must seek to give the Father-Owner the maximum REVENTIVE No Defi<>it rather than the minimum. In order No Intere8t on to judge what is a maximum we need Be mllde wheo I come" to get the viewpoint of the Lord. Loans Often the largest giving is done by No Worry people who contribute small sums No Retrench- week by week.

ments With a professing Christian, giving is not a matter of legislation but of DECAYING CHURCHES life.

A painter was once asked to por- The stewardship tide in the local tray "A Decaying Church." He church will seldom rise higher than placed on the canvas a fine, handsome the convictions and practices of the building, and a large number of fash- pastor. ionably-dressed people going towards the entrance. In the lobby, where The true steward gives at least a it could be seen by all who entered, tenth, for he believes in proportionate was a box with a slit, and on this box giving. He gives intelligently and was written in large letters, "FOR with discrimination. He seeks to MISSIONS": but over the opening know the world field as well as his loa spider had woven its web! cal church work and his money is care- fully distributed so that the world is Is there any vital connection be- blessed by the use of it. He is a stewtween the decrease in membership, in ard in all that he keeps and in all that Sunday-schools and other organiza- he gives.-F. A. Agar. tions and the debt of the missionary boards~ When a church grips with no uncertain hand this great question of missions, numerical decreases will disappear. Vital Christian conviction and vital Christian life are shown in

BEST ME'l'HODS

MY MONEY CREED We, the undersigned members of the par- ish, in the presence of God, do covenant as 1. To spend my income rightly is follows: one of my first tasks as a Christian. UntH I settle this, my prayers and 1, In acknowledgment of the Divine own· confessions will be like saying, "Lord, ership of all that we possess we do in· Lord, " and not doing the will of my dividually covenant with God in the Ian· F'ather. guage of .Jacob: "Of all that Thou shalt give me I will surely pay the tenth unto 2. I should set aside a definite pro- Thee." portion of my income for the Church and the service of others. I do this in 2. Secondly, we do covenant with ouracknowledgment of God's sovereignty selves and with our God that we will bring over all my material possessions. I the Lord '8 portion, the full tenth of our do this because it is business-like. income, into the storehouse, that as He has Giving on impulse and without sys- commanded, "There may be meat in My tem does not accord with the impor- house, " for the building of the Kingdom. tance of this work. 3. We agree that this money shan be 3. The proportion to be set aside cared for by the treasurer of the Tithers' for these purposes should not be less Association and divided between the sup· than one tenth of my income. The port of the Gospel, the various benevolent Old Testament enjoined the tithe in enterprises of the church and other work of ancient Israel, and surely I am receiv- the Kingdom as shall be agreed upon. ing far more trom God than did the men of any former generation. 4. We further agree, in that liberty which Nevertheless, one tenth is not to be the limit of my giving. . . . I ought is in Christ, in case of nnusual tithe or spe· to give more, if I be able.-Han'is F'r'onklin Rall. cial divine leading, any individual shall The time is overdue for sane, scrip- deem it necessary that he shall direct the tural, spiritual teaching of the law of stewardship. Millions of Christian division of his tenth, that he may be permen and women are now keeping back part of the tithes. We have not mitted to do so by written order to the linked the stewardship of property with the consecration of the steward- treasurer, a full record of such transaction ship of life. A widespread revival of the teachings of Christian steward- to be kept in the books of the Association. ship will not only insure an adequate we 5,. support of the cause of Christ, but further agree that having entered will bring about a deepening of the Hpiritual life of the church as its into this covenant we will not be under ob· principal result.-Bishop Homer C. Sf.untz. ligation to sign any additional subscription SCRIPTURAL STANDARDS OF or pledge for any church work or benevo· GIVING lence. Our dues to any of the authorized In response to the call of the pastor church organizations to which we may beand a company of laymen who caught long will be ~aid by the treasurer of the the vision of the possibilities, spiritual and financial, of adopting Bible stand- Tithers' Association out of the tithe money ards of giving, a church at Geneva, New York, entered upon a new epoch on written orders approved by the execu· in its history. Two hundred and sixty-five persons have signed the fol- tive committee. In case we make additional lowing agreement: contributions "according as the Lord has prospered" us they will be regarded as free· will or thank offerings.

6. For any matters not herein provided the executive committee and the pastor are empowered to act in the best interests of the church and the Kingdom.

The pastor says: "The law of the tithe was designf'd by God to produce spiritual results. It is a mistake to think of the law of the tithe primarily as. a system of finance. The first result of the tithing association was a real revival of re- ligion. The membership increased to over one thousand. During the year the church raised $15,600, including the payment of all apportioned be- nevolences, plus twenty-five per cent. Three fourths of the entire amount contributed was paid by the members of the tithers' association."

EFFIOIENOY IN A SMALL OHUROH don Missionary Society. He had not much money to give, but he thought At Portal, NQrth Dakota, the .pas- he would try to earn some. He kept tor, Rev. W. 11. Grafton, has had g,?od some fowls, and decided that one of success in calling out the latent force!; his hens should belong to the Society, of his church. Here follows a brief and that all the eggs she laid should story of how it was done, and the re- be sold and the money given. Before sults. she died the money amounted to .£4 lOs-about $23. But that was not all. METHODS The hen sat on eight of her eggs until they were hatched, these too belonged "Put the Kingdom first, not our to the Society, and in time have own church. " brought in a large amount of money.

Pastor gave one tenth of salary. When the hen died, the old man Sermons in February and March on had her body embalmed, and buried it in the garden and erected a little Missions-Money-Stewardship monument. He thought many more Our Country's Possibilities people would read the inscription and Changes in the non-Christian that those who read it might be in- clined to try to do something similar, World so that the hen would still be helping Our Hospitals and Schools the London Missionary Society. The Bible a Missionary Book Program and Method of Our Church Missionary Exhibit REsuL'l's MRS. E. C. CRONK Membersl1ip increased in 8 mOllthB 'rhe honored editor of this departme11t 46% d"parted this life "to be with Christ" Local support increased 75% Benevolences increased 500% on :March 12th, (see editorial, page 245). The c.hurch crowdea. for special Katharine Scherer was born on July 14, serVIces The people informed as to the mis- ]877, at Marion, Virginia, and sixteen years sionary purpose, program and later was graduated from Marion College, responsibility of our church Enthusiasm aroused for all our of which her father was founder and presi- church work Leaders and workers developed dent. In May, 1895, she was married to Spiritual life of the church in- creased. Rev. E. C. Cronk and, with her husband, THE MISSIONARY HEN established the first Lutheran Church in In Gloucestershire, England, there Atlanta, Georgia. Later, when ilniteCroaltuumrebiia~ is a pretty old-fashioned g-arden aml South Carolina, as chairman of orchard, in Ol1e corner of which is a little tombstone. the United Synod of the South, 8he fouuded On it are these words: The Tidings, a missionary paper for chil- DECEMBER 21, 1869 dren. After the merger into the United Here lies Tidman's missionary hen, Lutheran Church in America, as superin· Her contributions four pounds, ten; Although she is dead the work goes on, tendent of children'8 work under the W()m- As she has left seven danghters and a son To carryon the work that she begun. ,en's Missionary Society, she organized So be it. "The Light Brigade," which now includes Long ago, there liyed a man called ne31'1y thirteen hundred groups of children Tidman in the village near-by. He longed to do something for the Lon- Illlrlm' twrh'c ;vpars of age. Her adclrssses at Humnler eonfcrC'nees and schools of mis- sions all oYer the United States, and her work for the R,EVIEW, for Everyland alHI Dntlwran W071utn'.• WO"k, and her leaflets have made her widely known and greatly honored. The book of missionary heroes, "Under Many Fial(s," written for children, in collaboration with Elsie Singmaster, and her volume of "Brave Ad"Venturers" hayp heen popular among boys and girls in all npnominations. Many gifts to mjssione have been the direct result of her influence alld numbers of young men and young women have been led by her to devote them- selves and their talents to the cause of Christ.-EDITOR.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELJ,, D. McL'AURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK TWO NEW BOOKS ON CHINA world today. They are largely ques- With reference to the far~reaehing tions which must be prayed through developments in China in recent and settled by women. Because these months,. the following two books are problems are common to all women, most heartily recommended as con- the book is admirably fitted to become taining much information that will our first united study book for the aid in acquiring a better knowledge women of the world.

of the significance of recent events. The author of the book, Mary THE CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK, Schaufller Platt, is known by her 1926. The largest American interests widely used textbook, "The Child in in China are the missions supported the Midst," and other books, "The by the American churches. This book Home With the Open Door," and describes the Christian movement in "The HeartWi:lih the Open Door."

China in 1926, and the political, edu- Mrs. Platt's experiences as a mission- cational, soeial, medical, industrial, ary in Persia and a teacher in the literary, and other movements in re- Kennedy School for Missions have lation to it. 549 pages, cloth cover, fitted her to understand as few could Price, $2.50. understand these problems. She is CHINA TODAY THROUGH CHINESE also able to make an excellent text- E,YES. Second Series, 1926. This is book not beyond the use of the ordi- a series of essays by seven Chinese nary women. The chapter headings writers on the Present Political Out- are as follows: look, the Industrial Situation and the Chaptef I. A Safe Way for the Children: Labor Movement, Intellectual Move- Chapter II. Child Welfare. ments, the New Culture Movement Chapter III. The Starting Point: The and Chrl"stIan EducatlO. n, Synthesis of Cultures of East and West, Pres- Christian Home. The Broader Outlook: Books and Pictures.

ent-Day Religious Thought and Life, Chapter VI. The Compass: Religious Edll· E:ducational Conditions, and Student Chapter V. cation. Life, the Needs of the Christian Move- Chapter VI. Companions of the Way: ment in China. 151 pages, paper Social Pl'ogress. cover. Price, $1.50. Unto the Perfect Day: World Wide Friendship.

Both of these books may be obtained The twenty-f<>ur balf-tone picture. are unby sending the price with order to ~I~~hI 7a5nc~ beautiful. Price paper oovers, 50c; 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, "How to Use" is also ready. Mrs. after March ]5, 1927.

Charles H. Daniels has given us ad- "A STRAIGHT WAY TOWARD mirable suggestions for program mak- TOMORROW" ing, not only for the women's society, "A Straight Way Toward Tomor- but for the study class and church row, " a Foreign Mission textbook for schools of missions. Price 15c.

women, including young women, The Junior Textbook which is intensely practical, and touches the very heart of missionary "Please Stand By," by Margaret effort. Applegarth. The Juniors will have a In the chapters of this book we face grand and glorious time with their the most important questions for the new book. The radio furnishes chap- women of the chul'ehes of the whole ter titles, as follows; . 295

A REFUGEE MOTHER AND CHILD Chapter I . Mr. At las Listens In. simplest kind of picture stories which Chapter II. S. O. 8. they can r eally understand and read Chapter III. Please Stand By. for themselves. Junior leaders have Chapter IV. Broadcasting It. complained that there are so few t ext- Chapter V. Static Spoils the Bedtime books for the four-to-seven age. 'fhe demand for "Prayers for Little Chil- Stories. dren" led the author to begin a series Chapter VI. Signing Off. of stories for little children. The first two booklets, with lovely rose and The book would lend itself admir- blue covers and delightful pietures, ably to radio talks on Sunday after- are ready. Everyland Children Volnoons as well as to the groups of ume I, "Just Like You, " and V~lume Juniors and Sunday-school classes in II, "Taro and Ume, " J apanese the intermediate department. Miss Juniors. These may be used as two- Applegarth has written "Suggestions minute stories in primary classes with for Junior Leaders" to accompany the Juniors, and surely in the home her book. She will teach the book at where little children should get their Northfield this summer. Start the first happy impressions and acquaint- Juniors on this fascinating course. ance with other ehildl·en. " Just Like The book shows the great task of help- You" breaks down barriers at home ing to lift up the world-and boys and over-seas. Priee, leatherette and girls love to help lift. eovers, 25c; eloth, 50e.

For Little Children These are t he books sent out by the Central Committee to meet the needs We ask this year that you will r e- of Woman's Foreign ·Missionary 80member that these children in the primary class and younger groups are "little children." Give to them the

WOMAN '8 FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

cieties who ask something conerete, FINDINGS GALORE with a strong appeal for the modern woman who is "not interested" in The Findings of the Annual Meetforeign missions because she does not ing of the Federation of Woman's understand what they are doing for Boards of Foreign Missions of North the women of the world. America are now ready and can be had at 419 Fourth AVtn~le, New York, Only as all Christian women pray the new headquarters of the Federatogether, study together and work to- tion office, at the same rates as last gether through the children, can we year, $2.00 per hundred, $1.00 for hope for the new world. fifty copies or 50c for twenty-five copies. Before these Findings were MRS. HENRY W . PEABODY. off the press orders were coming in.

STUDENTS IN INDIA PRAY FOR CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR LAW ENFORCEMENT IN Weare now prepared to furnish these very significant Findings for AMERICA $1.00 per one hundred copies. We are most anxious that each group, in The following prayer for America church, state and region shall conis being offered each week in the sider these very far-reaching recom- Madras Union Christian College, In- mendations. Weare expecting that dia, showing how eagerly Christians the Report of this Conference will be in the Far East are watching the off the press in the very near future. temperance ·movement here: It will prove a storehouse of accurate information. "'Ye bes~ech. Thee to g~ant ,!"by strellgth to this natIOn III Its confhct WIth the evils of strong drink, that the resolve which has been nobly made may be nobly kept."

HOME SPUN IN INOlA EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE INQUIRING MoRMON LOOKS opponents, that it is impossible to US OVER crush the church. With a group of more than five By CLATON S. RlCE hundred thousand loyal members and The Mormon church is destined to many thousands more of almost as live for many, many years. Perhaps loyal adherents and apologists, with it will be in existence when the names its strength consolidated in sparsely of many better known churches of settled cities of the West, it exerts a today are forgotten. The decision power far beyond its numbers. Grow- that it should live was made by the ing at the rate of between twenty and mob which murdered Joseph Smith ;bwenty-:tiv~ thousatnd per year the at Carthage, Ill. Assurance that the Mormon church bids fair to capture church would flourish was given much of the inter-mountain West. when, after the death of the prophet, Brigham Young outgeneraled Sidney Yet all is not at rest inside the Rigdon and placed himself in power. Mormon church. The educated Mor- With a first class martyr around mon is realizing that many claims his whom to center loyalties, and with father made for the church are not grounded upon fact. He knows too a real statesman to direct it, any re- well that the Book of Mormon, the ligious organization composed large- Doctrines and Covenants, and the ly of plastic people can live almost Pea;rl of Great Price, are man-made indefinitely, in spite of several handi- books filled with errors. He apprecaps, theological and otherwise. ciates the fact that many claims made We cannot crush the Mormon by the prophet Joseph were not jus- church; many of us would not crush tified by fact. He looks at the unfor- it if we could. There are too many tunate Mountain Meadows massacre splendid contributions which have and the cold-bloocwd partnership of come from it in the past and which the church with the liquor interests may spring from it in the future to in the past, and today, at its close justify such action, were it within union with great money interests, and our power. The Mormon church as becomes restive. He begins to ques- a colonizer, as a conqueror of waste tion, too, whether the church is offer- places, as a demonstrator of a great ing the best in religion and in morals system of cooperation, as a producer to its people. He does what his fa- of a people who have learned to give ther dared not do: he places a great of their time, money and energy to question mark before his church, and the church and to philanthropic its claims, and then he begins to look causes nntil it hurts-these contribu- around.

tions we mnst recognize. and we Naturally the inquiring Mormon should appreciate. turns to us, the Protestant churches.

We could not crush the Mormon He decides to look us over. If he is church if we would. So firmly en- a student away from Mormonism he trenched is it in business, in the po- sees us as we are at home. If, as litical and in the social life of the is more likely, he is still in a Mormon inter-mountain country and of the community, he looks us over there, nation, so skilful in the use of ostra- and he makes most interesting dis- cism, boycott and many forms of coveries.

bribery, so trained in the satanic art If he goes into our churches of the of creating antagonisms among itR better class he is pleased with the 298 reverence displayed there in contrast people are trained m the first prin- with the lack of it in his own. The ciples of their religion from early well-ordered service appeals to him. childhood days and that there are He senses a spiritual message which comparatively few of them who can- is loftier than that to which he has not "give a reason for the faith that been accustomed. The hymns may is in them. " What is more, he knows strike him as more noble than -most that they make it a point to give this of those written by his own people. reason whenever opportunity offers If he is fortunate in the church he itself. In vivid contrast the Gentile visits, he will appreciate the splen- does not talk his religion, and gen- didly educated minister he listens to erally can not, even when forced to and the fact that, trained for his attempt it. This is a situation the task, he is doing one thing and that inquiring Mormon cannot under- only. stand. He assumes, logically enough, These discoveries are flattering to that the Gentile's ignorance of his us. But as he looks us over further, religion means that his religion is -this inquiring Mormon-he makes not vital to him.

other discoveries which are not so . This feeling is accentuated when flattering. As he becomes acquainted he discovers how little of permanent with us it seems to him that the loyalty to church most Gentiles pos- church does not play a vital part in sess. He knows that good Mormons the life of' the Protestant. He has are loyal to the last ditch. No one been accustomed to a church which can disparage their church without is all in all to his people. In every being called to account for it. Their activity of his life his church has loyalty goes so deep that often, he played its part. The life of his peo- knows, they go far beyond reason in- ple is a "church-centric" life. to fanatical action. But his Gentile He marvels as he discovers that the friend takes the church so lightly. He Gentile churchman he meets is will- puts it on and then puts it off as if ing to sacrifice very little for his it mattered little. He comes to Mor- church. He contrasts the Gentile who mondom and at first goes to church.

gives his church grUdgingly of his Then, as he discovers that it is easy, money and time with what he is ac- that it is the profitable action for customed to in his own organization, him, financially and socially, to les- a people who from the first have given sen his church activities, he lessens their tenth as a duty and many of them. A little threat of boycott sends whom in addition have poured out him scurrying to cover, his church money and service without stint, in loyalty left behind. Consistent pres- going on missions, in teaching, in sure through a long period of years preaching, and in social activities. is likely to destroy completely the Many of his people are ready to give loyalty of most Gentile churchmen in all they possess to the church, if nec- Mormondom, causing them, or at least essary. The Gentile he knows seems their children, to pass "into solu- more likely to attempt to hold all back tion."

from the church, all that he can hold The inquiring Mormon also ob- back. He marvels as he discovers serves with surprise the large num- how little the average Gentile is will- ber of Mormon apologists among the ing to sacrifice for his church. Gentiles of his acquaintance, men who Then, too, he feels that the church have, or who have had in the past, can not play a vital part in the life Protestant church connections. He of the average Gentile he meets, when realizes that their loyalties have gone.

he discovers his startling ignorance and he marvels. He can explain these of what his church stands for. As strange conditions, this unwillingness he questions him about his religion to sacrifice, this lack of knowledge of he finds that he can get very little what the church stands for, this poor out of him. He knows that his own loyalty to church, in only one way:

The Protestant church means little surroundings to challenge the inquirin the lives of most of its people. ing Mormon?

The inquiring Mormon is all too Yet how can we expect anything correct in many of his conclusions. else? What is the actual attitude of The church does not loom large in the Protestant church toward home the eyes of the average Gentile. Un- missions in general, and toward mistil it means more, until the inquiring sioniO in Mormondom in particular ¥ Mormon can find loyalties as great as his own among our people, how Let me give you my own experican we expect him to become vitally ence. On the last week in seminary, interested in what we are standing just before graduation, we were tellfor? ing one another where we planned to work. This was the reaction of sev- You must help us, you who live eral to the announcement that I outside of Mormondom. If you can planned to go to Utah: " Don't be send us consecrated, active, loyal a fool. What do you mean by bury- Christians, when you send emigrants ing yourself out there ? You, will to us, we can make such impressions never get anywhere. The home misupon the inquiring Mormon that he sion field is bad enough anywhere, will begin to revolutionize his own but a field in Utah is hopeless." church. But as it is, he is likely to turn away ~eeling that if church "A 'home mission field is bad means so little to the Gentiles he has enough anywhere!" Yes, to accept no reason to be interested. a home mission field today brands a minister a failure in the eyes of the My Mormon friend who is seeking great majority in the Church. "The more knowledge does not stop here, home mission field! Why no one goes however. If he has been disappointed there except men who can make good in many of the laity he feels that he nowhere else," I hear men say. may find something better in the ministry. He looks us over, thinking of The home mission field! The vast those high up in his own church at unconquered lands of the West where the same time. Mormons are primar- folks struggle fearfully hard in the ily a rural people. So my inquiring effort to wring a living out of the arid Mormon most often lives in a country soil! Great empires now in the town where he knows but one or two building, future granaries and paraministers. How seldom he comes up- dises, now filled with struggling, ofton one who challenges his thinking. en discouraged people, so many of And even in the city, how few have whom need the comfort of the Gosin mind his peculiar needs and preach pel. to reach him. More often than not be turns away disappointed. The home mission field! Here where the Church strives in a once A good man, the preacher is likely prosperous, now dying community, to to be, a zealous worker, a faithful bring the consolation of the Gospel servant, but how often, it Reems to of Christ to those who are left. The him, a man of mediocre ability, of home mission field! The body of most ordinary intelligence, one who Christ living in the teeming polyglot in comparison with the brightest in districts of the new frontier in the his own church makes a most nnfa- great cities. And home missionaries vorable showing. Preaclling to a branded as failures-branded as faildiscouraged, half-hearted group, ures because the challenge that stirred preaching primarily to them and for the soul of Jesus stirs their souls, them, hoping' against hopp that thl' Failures! And what man likes to be miraculous wiII take plaPl~, and, wllf'n called a failure, even if by accepting it does not, tJ'usting God that the the stigma he may do the Master's sPoed sown will spront some day- work? what is there in such a man or in such Some men too cultured, too refined to serve as Jeslls served! He went

927] WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 301·

into the outlying places first, J eru- but he discovers that it is difficult for salem last. Wasted talents? Never! them even to cooperate in matters of The best talents are needed 011 the common interest. Thi~ comes as a horne mission field. Privations too vast sbrprise to him in whose church great ~ II men are as soft fiR that "listen to counsel" and "cooperathey havll no business to be in the t ion" and "unity" arc cver-preRent ministry. slogans.

An apprenticeship of several years He marvels, too, when he knows that these various competing denomion the mission field, then a sabbati- nations have very much in common. cal year in the seminary on full pay, lIe can see little difference in them, and then the freedom to go where except in their names, as he listens desire leads and the call comes-all to their preachers. Forever competthat would mean to the men broader ing with one another and often irrisympathies, quickened hearts, greater tating each other, failing to cooperate with one another in the face of his appreciation of what the common man church, which, he knows, is recogfaces. Really, it might do our future nized by each one of them as a comnational home mission secretaries no mon foe, he is inclined to think that vital harm to have a few years' ex- the Gentile churchmen are very foolperience on the mission field! And ish men. It is a wonder if he does he who in the future is to occupy a not tUrn from us in disgU"t, makirig large city church would be a better no further effort to know liB. man because of his horne mission experience. The .inquiring Mormon looks us We must link a mission experience over. He marveis at what he sees with the life of every young minister and at what he hears. But he will from our seminaries. N otking less likely return to his own church, althan the creation of a sentiment in though there are some things he does the Church that in the days of his not appreciate in it. After looking strength and youth every theological at the mournful spectacle 'of a Protgraduate must serve apprenticeship estantism in which church seems to en some mission field before he is mean little, a Protestantism poorly eligible to accept self-supporting manned and wholly disunited, he is inclined to say, "Well, after all, we work will do. And what it would are better off than they. I believe mean to the mission fields! Four or I will stick by the old church." I five or six years out of the lives of don't blame him much, brought up as he has been brought up. But if the best men the Church turns out, you will help us, you at the horne for missions! base, we will develop loyalties and a ministry and a unity which will chal- When the Church is Christian lenge him, my inquiring Mormon enough to create such a sentiment, friend. demanding a mission experience before a man can serve a self-support- EASTER ing church, then we shall have a class of men on our mission fields who will Sing, soul of mine, this day of days. challenge all men and my inquiring The Lord is risen. Mormon friend in particular. Toward the sunrising set thy face. Proper church equipment will corne The Lord is risen. with the men. We need not worry about that. l3ehold He giveth strength and grace; Por darkuess, light; for mourning, praise; As my inquiring Mormon friend For sin, Ris holiness; for conflict, peace. looks us over, both ministry and laity, Adse, 0 soul, this Easter Day! he discovers another curious phenome- Forget the tomb of yesterday, non. He sees that the Christian non- For thou from bondage art set free; Mormon church is broken up into Thou sharest in His victory small bands of competing, often hos- And life eternal is for thee, tile groups. Not only does he discern Because the Lord is risen. a lack of unity among these groups, -Seleoted.

FROM MANY

INDIA AND SIAM. been devolved upon them. That dis- Some Indian Philanthropists appointment has been expressed in various ways in recent months and no EMPHASIZING in an article in the missionary could have sat through indian Witness the importance long discussions on this subject as we of Christian effort by Indians them- have done without being deeply imselves, Rev. E. Stanley Jones, D.D. pressed by the sincerity and fervor gives the following instances of such of the Indian leaders who take up this activity: position. . . Over against these frank expressions of disappointment "In Bangalore I dedicated a home by Indian Christian leaders, which for the beggars of the city. An Indian Christian doctor, a private prac- we cannot but regard as clear and entitioner, became burdened in regard couraging signs of the working of the to the condition of the beggars of Bangalore. Without any backing Indian Christian conscience as it save that of his own faith and- prayer, honestly faces things at their worst, he set up a little home where they we have to remember that there are were given shelter and taught work. other testimonies of at least equal Other people were so inspirea by what weight."

he was doing that they have con- tributed about $6,500, and it is the Hind.a Regard £or Animal Life most complete home for the poor I AMID all that is being said about the have ever seen in India. He evangelizes them as well as helps them to .tl. larger place given to Christian get back on their feet and in a respectable occupation. In Poona an principles in the life of India today, Indian Christian government prosecu- such incidents as the following remind us of the hold which the tenets of tor has the best Christian work in the Hinduism have even upon the educated villages that I h a v e ever seen. classes. The first, quoted from Time, Through his own efforts, raising the reads: "The late Seth BUddhimal, money in India, he is putting up wealthy and pious banker of Sihora, buildings worth about $50,000 as a Central India, has left $100,000 to school and community center." build and endow in perpetuity three rest houses into which insects may Another Side of Devolution withdraw from the world. Poor trav- elers will be allowed to sleep overnight I N AN editorial discussing the prog- in these bug rest houses, will even be ress which has been made in turn- paid a small sum for doing so, as long over responsibility to the Indian as they lie still and kill no bugs.

Church, the Dnyanodaya says: ShoUld a sleeper kill a bug, even by "Something like a crisis arises from accidentally rolling over, he will be the deep disappointment prevailing ejected from the bug house by attend- among a number of Indian Christian ants and forfeit his sleep money. No leaders concerning what they feel to less than 200 insect rest houses of a be the complete inability of the In- more or less similar nature are main- dian Church to raise the large tained throughout India by pious amounts which would be required natives who realize that no bug is too every year to place on a basis of self- insignificant to contain the reincar- support the mission work which has nated soul of an ancestor."

302 The other item, given in the United We who spend our time in institutions talk- Presbyterian, states that a Hindu millionaire of the Jain sect, which con- ing to those who have come u~der Western siders it a sin to take any life, is experimenting on a large scale in rear- influences forget that such thmgs are, and ing dogs upon vegetable diet, with t.he hope of weaning them from the m- that still the great majority of the p~ple stinct to kill or eat any animal. of the soil live in a mental and splrItual jungle. Preaching and argument has to be aolflegthoery,simanpldest~neabofeuenldsintgheinthprairllabolef and the bearer of good news.

Drinking in the Good News Bible Needs No Expurgating DESCRIBING an itinerating tour AlV[ElV[BER of the Ceylon and In- from Bangalore, Rev. Edward E. dia General Mission reports that as the native workers were preaching Garland, of the Ceylon and India at a Hindu mela, "a Saivite priest General Mission, writes: asked them for a copy of each of the four gospels. They at once asked him "In the villages that we visited during the tour, the people l!stened why, and he told them t.hat for .some with almost bated breath, so dIfferent time several young men m the vlllage from the Gospel-hardened villagers had been coming to him for instrucin the immediate vicinity of Banga- tion along moral and ethical lines. l,oCrhe~istwihanoityh,a'veso-sceaelnledt,ooammouncgh of the He had not been able to give them officers and people of Bangalore. One copies of the Hindu sacred books, but afternoon we visited the weekly mar- had to expurgate the books carefully ket in Sulabele. The market was and even then had not found in them nearly demoralized, as practically what he wanted to give these young everyone crowded around the mi~­ sionaries and workers to hear theIr men. For example, Krishna, one of message. It was truly blessed to watch their faces and to see how they the incarnations of Vishnu, and one of the most popular gods in India, lived a most notoriously wicked and drank it in! That evening, after din- vicious life, and in one of the Puranas ner we gave a lantern lecture in the the readers are warned that he was large enclosed court of the police .sta- a god and that they should not attion. Although there was no prevIOus tempt' to do all that he did! Such announcement made, a large crowd things as these had to be left out of gathered as soon as they heard my the Hindu books, and there wasn't poor attempts· on the bugle, and one could have heard a· pin drop as Mr. much left after that. This guru had Silsbee explained the different pic- seen a copy of the Gospels, and knew them to be of a sort that could be tures of the Lord's birth, life, death, given freely to anyone just as they and resurrection. This day and the asroe~eanindfltuheantcteh. eyWwhoautlda have a wholesucceeding ones, were the happiest, I testimony to believe, in my life." the Word of God given by an unbe- liever! "

"Hinduism. at Xt. Crudest" "AlmoRt Persuaded" in Benares E NGLISH Baptists are at work ~n A SKING for special prayer on the Orissa, a native tributary state m part of Christians in the United southeastern India, Rev. H. W. Pike States, W. K. Norton writes as folwrites "I have little doubt that even lows in the magazine published by the now there are hundreds of villages Moody Bible Institute: "Benares which have never been visited by a contains one of the most famous and preacher," and says of the people met sacred temples in all India. The head in a recent evangelistic tour: priest of this temple has an only son who has been trained to take his fa- Worldng like this in the village~ of t.he ther's place. But this young man has interior one comes face to face wIth Hm- heard of Christianity, and has secretly duism at its crudest-and with human ignorance and superstition in its darkest form.

read the New Testament. The result To 'follow the teachings of Jesus beis he believes on Christ and wishes to cause that is the only way to save become a Christian. But he is very China.' None of us foreigners saw much afraid of his father, and he says or heard his speech before he gave it, he would truly be killed if his rela- and the Chinese teachers did not tell tives knew he was thinking of becom- or advise him what to say." ing a Christian. This young man has secretly come to me asking questions Time Well Spent as a Captive about Christ and wants more advice. Of course I have advised him to come NEAR Kaiehek, on the island of out boldly and be baptized; but at Hainan, a Christian woman out present he fears to do this; There are in the country was kidnapped, and dea number of other earnest inquirers tained by the bandits for two and a from the better class of Hindus and half months. Miss Katherine L. Mohammedans, who, knowing what a Schaeffer writes of her; ''"Earnest great price they will have to pay, still prayer was offered up on her behalf. hesitate to take the final step." The prayers offered were answered. Many captives are made to suffer CHINA severe torture, but she returned home safe and well and reported that she A Chinese Sees a Miracle had not been tortured and that after the first two weeks she was able to R EV. F. A. BROWN, Southern prevail upon her captor not to lock Presbyterian missionary in Soo- her feet in stocks at night. The comchow, Kia n g s u Province, China, pany moved from place to place and writes: "I overheard a Chinese elder latterly she was kept in a home where talking to his people in this fashion: the housewife was really kind to her. 'Don't talk to me about miracles. I Wherever she went she let people have seen one. When I think of all know she was a Christian. She had this money for our schools and hos- no books with her, but her mind was pitals and churches coming so regu- stored with hymns and Scripture larly year after year, and all given verses which she knew well how to by friends ten thousand miles across use. When she returned after ten the sea who have never even seen our weeks of captivity, it was found she faces, such love to me is a mighty mir- had kept her reckoning of Sundays acle. I never saw anything like it.' correctly.' ' This elder is a gifted teacher, and has a rare faculty for holding the atten- A Chlne.se Elder's Tithe tion of boys and girls and of organizing them into classes." A SERMON on tithing was preached in a certain Chinese church by A Boy's Ideals of Citizenship an elder of whom Rev. Robert Gillies writes: "His personality was an un- FROM Kaying, South China, fa iIi n g inspiration. Spare, bald, "where it takes real courage to be erect, he carried his seventy odd years a Ohristian," Mrs. J. H. Giffin, an with modest dignity, and his voice, American Baptist missionary, writes though thin, was fatherly." In conthat more than two thirds of the stu· clusion the elder said: dents in the boys' senior high school are church members. At the Com- I have been a Christian nearly forty mencement exercises, she says, "one years. You will suffer a personal testimony of the brightest seniors gave a speech from me, for there are those present who in English in which he said that three can bear witness. As an opium wreck I things were necessary to make good came to Christ. My farm was wasting and citizens: 1. Learning, for many errors my ragged clothes and possessions would in living and government are caused not have fetched half a dollar in the market by ignorance. 2. To 'study the teach- on fair day. Since I understood this morn· ings of Jesus for they are right.' 3. ing's text, the Lord has blessed me aecord· ing to His prorniBe. One year I gave ten dollars to the Church, and feared that J

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

might miss it at the year-end settlement_ have their own schools, the one at But no! God is faithfuL This year, Iny Salowu, the main station, going up tenth in the summer was $250, and in the to "higher primary" and those at the autumn $350-$600 this year to the Chureh outstations being more elementary. in alL The teachers are tribesmen who have graduated from the mission school Chinese Studying Economics at Sapushan_ T HE popularity of the Depart- A Cantonese at Boone University ments of Sociology and Political Science in Yenching University, Pe- W HAT is described by an Ameriking, is very marked_ Neither of these can Episcopal missionary as departments, however, draws so large " one of several pleasant miracles a number of students as that of Eco- about the siege and fall of Wuchang" nomics_ Commenting on this situa- had its beginning many years ago tion, the Princeton-Peking Gazette when a Oantonese boy came to Boone says: "Remembering the excessive University determined to learn Engemphasis in Chinese education on lish and Mandarin, and equally deterclassical literature and memoriter mined not to be a Christian. After two methods of study, it is striking to ob- years he awoke one morning to realize serve the emphasis which is 1OW be- that he wanted to be a Christian, and ing placed upon such subjects as eco- he became one of the leading Ohrisnomics, politics, and sociology and tian representatives of Boone, so much especially when these subjects are so that he was elected to take charge taught with a strong practical bear- of Oentral Ohina University in Bishop ing_ It is equally gratifying to ob- Gilman's absence, long before anyone serve that the Chinese point of view thought of the Cantonese army comis being stressed_ Among a list of ing to Wuchang. Consequently when courses to be offered by our Depart- the city fell, and the officers in comment of Sociology during the next mand came to the university, they two years are found the following: found the man in charge was a Oan- Ohinese F'olkways; Social Ideas of tonese, speaking their language and Oonfucius and His School; Collective in every way understanding tlLem. Behavior and Ohinese Group Psychology; Ohinese Social Democratic Over 1,000 Meetings in a Year Movements_ "

Aborigines of China AN ILLUSTRATION of the suc- cessful missionary work still be- I T IS estimated that nearly half the ing done in those parts of China population of the south-western where fighting is not going on is seen provinces of China-Yunnan, Kweichow and Kwangsi-is made up of in the following statement by A. R non-Ohinese aborigines_ The successful work that has been done bv two- Saunders, of the China Inland Mis- British societies among one of· these sion, who has been nearly forty years tribes, the Miao, is known in mission- in China. Though blind, he has conary circles. The China Inland Mis- tinued ardently to preach the GospeL sion is also at work among the Nosu He is engaged in a special effort to people, who are spirit-worshippers. reach one million people living in an area in North Kiangsu intersected by About 750 persons have been bap- canals, and much of the work is cartized altogether. There are now five ried on by the use of small houseoutstations, and, in each, the be- boats_ He says: "The present-year lievers have put up a building with opportunities for gospel preaching their own hands, having bought the materials with their own money. It have been almost unprecedented. The serves the double purpose of church anticipated average of one thousand and day-school. For the Nosu now gospel meetings a year in the Yang.

5 chow Oentral Gospel Hall has been more than realized, for beside the

three meetings a day for men it has Little Miss Tokugawa, granddaughter of also been possible to have the special Prince Tokugawa, accepted" Miss America" door for women open every day. from Betty Ballantine, seven·year·old daugh- Wherever our gospel boats have gone te,r of the American Consul General. Then among the 'thousand islands' the forty-eight children from the American audiences have been large and at- school handed forty-eight dollS, each repretentive to the message." senting a state, to a similar number of Japanese girls chosen chiefly from the Peer- Sermon for Manchurian Troops esses's School. The American children sang American songs and the Japanese children MISSIONARIES and Chinese responded with a doll song in Japanese. Christians have often been invited to preach to Marshal Feng's "The Second Mile Club" army or to certain of its divisions. But the first invitation of the sort, T HIS is the name chosen by the so far as known, to come from the graduates of thekindergarten which llrmy of Chang Tso Lin, the Man- has been conducted in Akita, Japan, churian general, was that received by by the Christian Church (Disciples) Rev. Walter W. Davis, a Methodist for the past twenty years. Miss Lois missionary in Peking. He says of it: Lehman writes of the organization: "There was a Manchurian cavalry "The name itself is an inspiration to regiment stationed in Sengjun, the all those who have left the kindercolonel of which had been a Christian garten and are on their second mile ever since he was a small boy. He of life, with the light of Jesus Christ called on our Chinese preacher, whose -as depicted in their emblem with a chapel was just across the street from star-to guide their way. During his headquarters and asked for some- these twenty years there have been one to preach to his men. I was on over six hundred graduates, many of vacation sixteen hours away, but I whom show their appreciation for the hastened to fill the appointment. I blessings that have come to them had the privilege of speaking to sev- through their kindergarten Alma en hundred of his men and officers, as Jfater. A foundation fund was well.Jls a large number of the towns- started five years ago by the graduates people in the public square. That and it is the hope of both parents and was on a Saturday and the following graduates that through its aid the day a large number of them came to kindergarten will be able to serve and our chapel for the regular service." guide, even in a more efficient way, in the years to come many souls along the first and second miles."

JAPAN-KOREA Japanese Attend Tent Meetings Ameriean Dolls Reach Japan REV. GORDON K. CHAPMAN, of Asahigawa, Japan, tells of a AWIRELESS message from Tokyo three weeks' series of tent meetings on March 3rd described the pres- in two large country towns, where, entation of the dolls sent by Ameri- he says, from 200 to 250 people atcan children for the Japanese annual tended the evening services, and as dolls' festival on that date. This plan, many children the daily afternoon promoted by the Committee on World services. "In one place," he reports, Friendship among Children, met with "the Buddhists became very excited an enthusiastic response all over the and the priests got the town authori- United States, and 11,000 dolls were ties to promise to order the tent taken sent. The Japanese Foreign Minister down. But we prayed over the matand the Minister of Education, Am- ter and then flatly refused to remove bassador MacVeagh, Viscount Shibu- it, for we had the promise of the land sawa and other prominent persons for ten days. Defeated in this atwere present, but the leading parts tempt, the priests called at every were left to the children. The cere- house in town and threatened the mony is thus described·:

NEWS FROM MJANY LANDS

people with all sorts of dire calami- eluding a nurses' training school with ties if they went to the meetings. But a foreign nurse at its head. We also they went just the same, in spite of have two academies, one for boys and the rain which flooded our tent on one for girls." two nights." Fruits of Hospital Evangelism A Japanese MUI COlllpound K IM YUNG SUN brought his wife to the mission hospital in Taiku, I N THE silk mills of Kofu, Japan, Korea, for an operation. During her "all the matrons are men," to convalescence he sought to while away quote one of the managers of the milL time in the waiting room. Here the " And since these dormitories· of evangelist greeted him most cordially which the matrons are men are occu- and he repeatedly heard the gospel pied by young girls, the situation" story. One month later Mr. and Mrs. says Miss Frances Garside, "is not Kim departed for their home, rejoicof the best. The girls work twelve ing in their newly-found Saviour and hours a day all the year around, in- carrying a Bible in hand for further creasing the time to fourteen hours light. After four years they again in the summer when farmers are appear at the Taiku hospital, this bringing in the cocoons……. The time for some minor ailment. Mr. dormitories and mills are under the Kim eagerly seeks out the evangelist, same roof. Some four thousand peo- to report that after his previous visit ple live in .this compound, and the to the hospital he went home to conchildren of these families became so vert his relatives and friends. As a unruly that the management of the mill ask the Y. W. C. A. to start a result of his efforts there is now a Sunday-school for them. This was flourishing little church of thirty done, opening with a membership of members in the small country village one hundred and thirty pupils, with thirty-five miles away and Mr. Kim an average attendance of over eighty. is their proud and happy deacon. This Sunday-school had had such a marked effect upon the children that WOlllen in the Korean Church the management of the mill increased the size of the room in which it was I N KOREA this year .for the first held, by knocking out a wall." . time women were delegates to the Presbyterian General Assembly. Sev- CJ>anges after Thirty Years en women were elected as official mem- bers of the Assembly, representing REV. EDWARD ADAMS, whose the women's missionary societies of father was the first missionary Korea, and sat on the foreign misto settle in Taiku, Korea, writes as sions committee. The women were follows of the work being done there chosen from the seven societies which by the American Presbyterian Mis- had done the best work. Of such sosion: "Thirty years ago there wasn't cieties Miss Martha Switzer says: a Christian in this town or the neigh- "There is high purpose, for the memboring country; Today in Taiku alone bers, knowing God's grace, wish there are two large churches number- others to have a like experience; and, ing about a thousand and four other perhaps most wonderful of all, from churches of varying strength. Out the a bundance of poverty there is in the country we have about 275 systematic giving to the foreign misplaces where there are groups of peo- sionary work which the Korean ple meeting regularly in the name of Church is carrying on. " Christ, most of whom have their own little building that they call their A Methodist missionary writes: church. In addition, our station runs a big hospital, employing two foreign Today many women serve as dea~onesses doctors and two native doctors, in- and Bible Women in the ehUl'Ghes aJ).d meet with the men in diseussingiveigl-ty matters of church aWninistration…Whereas a ;few

years ago the only audience to listen to her to help me dlg the grave. When all is ready words of wisdom were a few relatives or I again speak to these people. I tell them friends in her own home, now the Korean we bury only the body: the spirit has gone woman teaches a Bible class in connection to .Teeus. I tell them of heaven, the pilUle with a Sunday·school or a Bible class for that Jesus has prepared. I ask them to get women at some large Bible institute. ready for heaven. We then .sing and ,~ pray, "Our Father who art III heaven. ISLANDS OF THE SEAS When we fill in the grave I put a smaH bark cross at the head. These people, they Church Union in the Philippines promise me not to fight and be cruel. They want to hear more about .Tesus. REV. FRANK J. WOODWARD, Congregational missionary in Baptisms in Paton's Field Oroquieta, on the island of Mindanao in the Philippine Islands, writes to REV. MAURICE FRATER, at the Missionary Herald: "We have work in the field in the New just concluded a special meeting of Hebrides to which John G. Paton our Northern Mindanao Presbytery, went sixty.nine years ago, writes of one of the best meetings ever held, the baptism on the island of Paama both in its size and general representa· of twenty-nine natives, some of whom tion of the churches. In accord with had been won from heathenism the action taken the name presbytery through the instrumentality of native has been cast off, for the Presbytery evangelists. "The converts were of adopted unanimously the Constitu· all ages, " he says, "from· fifteen years tion of the United Churches of Christ upward. As they kneeled to take the in the Philippines. In so doing we baptismal vow of allegiance to Christ join with the United Brethren and and consecration to His service, we the Presbyterians, and all three could not but be impressed with the bodies adopt common names for the striking differences the converts predifferent governing bodies in the new sented. The younger adherents, Union. It is right that all our Prot- though reared in a savage environestant denominations should get clos· ment, had the freshness and enthusier together for the sake of presenting asm of new disciples, and they a closer front to the enemy, for if brought to Christ the loyalty and love there is a criticism that we out here of undivided hearts. But the faces in the Philippines hear more frequent- of the older converts bore unmistakly than any other, it is that we Prot· able signs of the depraved form of estants are hopelessly divided amongst heathenism in which their lives had ourselves. A program pointing to- been spent. Still, it was no uncomward ultimate self-support for all our mon victory for the messengers of congregations was adopted unani- the Gospel to be the instruments of mously." turning those savages, all of cannibal ancestry, from the evil of their old Buried "the Jesus Way" ways, and to get them to embark on an entirely new mode of life, with T HE Methodist Missionary Society Jesus Christ as Pilot." of Australasia tells the story of an aboriginal lad, who had attended NORTH AMERICA its mission school on the island of Goulburn, in the South Seas. Re· Jewish Girls Accepting Christ turning from a tour in which he had taken the Gospel to the people of his T HE Department of Jewish Evanown tribe, "twenty miles across the gelization of the Board of Nawater" he told as follows of the death tional Missions of the Presbyterian of a 'woman who had accepted his Church in the U. S. A. furnishes inmessage: teresting news items from its various centers. Two of these are: "In the After she died I asked these people not to Baltimore prayer circle we were dis- put her body in the tree, but to bury it cussing the coming of the Lord for .Tesus' way. I then give them my blanket His own, when one of our little girls to wrap around the body, and I get boys

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

exclaimed, 'Oh, I hope my mother day. Mr. Harmon offers $4,000 in is a real believer.' There seemed to recognition of outstanding accombe no doubt in her mind as to her plishments among colored people. own salvation. This is a common oc- Seven first awards of $400 with gold currence in this prayer circle when medals and the same number of secthe girls not only pray for the ac- ond awards of $100 with bronze tivities of the Center and all Jewish medals will be given in the fields of Centers, but also for their parents literature, music, fine arts, business and friends ……. Two high school including industry, science including girls in Chicago for whose salvation invention, education and religious many have been praying for a long service. Both white and colored pertime, have been holding off. Great sons are eligible for an eighth award was our joy when just a few weeks of $500 with a gold medal which will ago they accepted Him who is so be given to the indiviual making the precious to us." most distinctive contribution during the year to the betterment of relations Indian Christian Leaders between the two races. As no music award was made in 1926, the fund in MOST people think of the United this field may be used this YElar, should States as so nearly evangelized the judges decide contributions merit that they could hardly conceive of such recognition. Five judges, perany group of people here today hear- sons of recognized' standing in the ing the Gospel for the first time from type of work to be passed upon, will a member of their own race. Yet consider nominations and applications this is the story told by Rev. J. D. in each field of award. At least one Simons of Dulce, N. M., where the of the judges in each field will be a Reformed Church in America car- Negro. ries on both church and school work: "The greatest joy came in the four Schooling for Southern N,egroes young men who brought messages to their own people. It was the first A FTER quoting statistics which time for the Gospel to fall from the show that, until very recently, lips of a Jicarilla Apache. One of though there are one third as many these young men, the nrst to speak, Negroes in the sixteen southern states prefaced his fine address with an as whites, only one tenth of the investearnest prayer; how wisely he anticipated the divine grace needed to stand ment in school property_ has been used where none of his people had ever for them, The Christian Educator stood! That address was the opening says: of a new door-a larger door in the work of our mission here. How it "It should be noted, however, that thrilled our hearts! One could see the South at this time is bravely facthat strange thoughts were passing ing the educational needs of the Nethrough the minds of the old leaders gro, as well as the whites, and marked of heathen ceremonies, as these young advance is noted in each of the states men were introduced as the only real and the district. More money is beleaders there people had ever had." ing expended for the education of the Negro than ever. High schools Harmon Foundation's 1927 Awards are being erected and the school terms lengthened, large appropriations are NEGROES in this country are giv- being made to the state institutions en another incentive to creative for Negro education, and the State work in music, fine arts, the sciences, is looking to the denominational business organization and religious schools to furnish teachers for the work through the second series of the rapidly expanding public-school edu- William E. Harmon Awards which cation of the Negro. In each state were announced on Lincoln's Birth- there is now a Department of Negro Education, urban and rural. These

departments, are pushing the educa- few English-speaking people are left.

tion of the Negro as rapidly as pos- The permits were issued under a law sible, so that while the situation shows adopted at the last session of Con- tremendous needs and inadequate gress modifying the religious regula- provision for the Negro, the trend in tions so as to permit the non-Spanish the South is onward, looking to the speaking foreign colonies to have a education of'all its citizens, white and limited number of ministers in their black. " churches for six years. The law pro- vides that ministers so permitted to Union Church for Mexicans function must prepare native Mexi- T HE Council of Churches in Wich- cans to succeed them at the end of the ita, Kansas, has recently erected six-year period. a fine new building for the union Mexican evangelical church in that city. Under the Calles Regime A About seventy congregations of fif- FTER a recent visit to Mexico, Mrs. Margaret Ernst contributed teen denominations joined in raising the money and the building was dedi- to The Churchman an article from cated free from debt. As one of the which the following is quoted: "Un- speakers at the dedication services der the Calles Department of Educa- pointed out, "this church bears no tion 3,000 rural schools run by the title that .would indicate the impress Federal Government opened their of anyone denomination, but a united patio gates last year to children who Protestantism functioning through formerly could neither read nor write, this cOllll'cil has caught the vision of working in the mills or picking coffee- the sociaJ, 'spiritual and educational berries on the plantations. Next year needs of a colony of Mexican immi- the department promises there will grants within its bounds and has gone be 5,000 of these schools. The educaabout the business of meeting this tional program last year cost 22,000,- need in a practical and sensible way. 000 pesos and included in its activi- The result is a house not only fitted ties newly equipped industrial for the strictly religious services of schools; four free art schools in the the congregation, but planned with a open air; " cultural-missions"-a view to meeting the social and recrea- sort of traveling faculty, visiting out- tional neetis, of the colony as well as to lying districts and giving intensive providing for a religious educational courses to farming folk; night schools program." for adult workers; and health work in all types of schools. The Church, LATIN AMERICA formerly the only practical Depart- Mexico Permits Foreign Clergy ment of Education, made few efforts ASIX-YEARi respite has been to teach these scattered and inarticu- granted by the Mexican Govern- late people. It built cathedrals with ment for the relief of foreigners who gold altars-not schools."

may desire services in their own language, for conducting which they "The Privilege of Being Arrested"

A have no available Mexican clergy. BRAZILIAN colporteur of the Under that provision services have American Bible Society sent in been resumed in Christ Church Ca- to Dr. H. C. Tucker, Secretary of the thedral, where the Bishop, the Dean, Brazil Agency, a report which, trans- and Archdeacon Watson are now lated, reads as follows: "I had the regularly officiating, having been reg- high privilege of being arrested for istered according to the new regula- seHring Scriptures in the suburban tions. The English work at Pachuca trains of the Central Railroad, and and Tampico also has been resumed, was taken before the agent by the but the business depression has hurt guards who made their accusation.

both missions to such an extent that I then asked permission of the agent

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to speak for a few minutes. After tination. But several weeks ago, at I had made explanations, he handed the boys' weekly prayer-meeting, Jose me back the books and dismissed the attended, and as we were kneeling in case. I then made him and his as- prayer, he unfalteringly expressed sistants presents of copies of the little his faith in Jesus as his Saviour. And gospels, for which they thanked me. then, what greatly impressed me, he . . . .. . I have been able by the bkss- proceeded to pray for his unsaved iug of God to place copies of the father, mother, sisters and brothers.

Word in the hands of many-in one After the prayer-meeting, the other Christian boys present gave Jose a month 3,5!!5 copies."

warm hand-clasp and an embrace, Racial Groups in Guiana thus welcoming him into their midst T HE varied elements in the popu- as a brother in Christ." lation of British Guiana are described by a resident of that country, Inca Indians of Peru T who says of the Negroes: HE Evangelical Union of South "'1'he Gospel and the Church America is carrying on a many- lighted and led them out of slavery; sided work among these people, of and they are grateful and love both." whom Christine L. Tinling says in the The Chinese first came in 1851 to . London Christian: "The present In- work on the sugar estates. A few do dians of Peru are the pitiful remnant so now. Many have risen to high of the noble Inca race. They are ille positions in the colony as merchants treated and down-trodden. In many and are much respected. All are cases they are virtual slaves and are Christians, the majority Anglican. bought and sold along with the land There are also some 9,000 Portuguese, and the beasts upon it. As for those who first came as laborers in 1835: who are nominally free and have their practically all of these are Roman little holdings, they find that their Catholics. The East Indians, who Peruvian over-lords can take the very likewise came as laborers from 1837 soil from beneath their feet by legal onwards, number 120,000. Ninety- processes of whose meaning they have two per cent are Mohammedan or not the faintest idea. Besides all this, Hindu and only about tim per cent it is their every-day experience to be are Christians. Here is an immense treated by the white men as though field for missionary work. There is they were brutes, destitute of mind pioneer work still to be done among and soul. The old religion of the In- the Indians in the far interior. cas was an elevated form of pagan- ism, but under the rule of the Roman Bolivian Boy Accepts C,hrist Church they have been known to ac- A GRADUATE of the National knowledge having' forty gods, count- Bible Institute in New York City ing the broken ones.' "

writes from Torotoro, Bolivia: "It has been a great source of joy to us with- AU Saint.' Day Celebrations T in the past few months to behold how WO missionaries, one in Argen- tina, the other in Bolivia, have the Spirit is working in the lives of a number of young people here in recently described the way in which Torotoro. Jose, a tall, rather shy All Saints' Day is observed in their young :fellow of about nineteen years respective fields. The first writes: of age, had for a long time shown an "Multitudes flock to the cemeteries, interest in the Gospel. He, however, bearing gaudy colored paper wreaths seemed to lack the courage. to confess and flowers, beside natural flowers, his faith. No doubt the fact that his the latter wilted and draggled with mother and two of his sisters are so the heat and dust. Imagine the blaz- opposed to the Evangelistas has had ing and sputtering of thousands of something to do with Jose's procras- candles under an almost vertical sun

registering 104 degrees in the shade; Szitovsky, Minister of the Interior then the roll and mutter of prayers for Hungary. Profane language is unintelligible as they are gabbled punishable by a maximum fine of $15 away except as now and again a or a fortnight in jail. Accosting and phrase separates from the rest." The molesting respectable women on the Bolivian missionary tells of the drunk- street and other infractions of public enness and lewdness connected with morality are similarly punished. As the day, and writes: "Tables are set a first step in the enforcement of the up in the cemetery loaded with can- new laws, girls. in the most fashion- dIes, cakes and sweetmeats, with great able high school of Budapest who jars of native beer conveniently un- were wearing short skirts, flesh-colderneatb. After kneeling and mum- ored stockings or using rouge were bling prayers for the dead, the sent home to lengthen their dresses, 'devout' one takes his pay in food to change to dark stockings and to and drink, then moves on to repeat remove tbeir cosmetics. The police this performance at the next table are ordered to exercise a strong cenfor more cakes and chicha, You can sorship over immorality in the theatre, imagine the state of drunkenness aft- vaudeville and the fine arts.

er they have been the rounds of the cemetery. ' , Refugees Farming in Greece EUROPE T HE immigration into Greece in Union Service in Switzerland 1923 of about 1,400,000 refugees, nearly thirty per cent of the total T HE cathedral in Lausanne, Swit- zerland, a famous medieval build- population of the country at that time, has had far-reaching effects, Charles ing, was the scene on December 12th P. Howland, former chairman of the of a united service in which Old Cath- Greek Refugee Settlement Commis- olic, Greek, Russian, and Anglican sion, and now president of the board 'priests, the Bishop of Fulham, seven of trustees of the new Athens College, Swiss pastors, a Salvation Army of- writes in Near East: "It has been ticer, and a Scottish Presbyterian min- the policy of the Commission from ister took part. The procession was the beginning, in close cooperation impressive as it wended its way up with the Hellenic Government, to give the aisle of the old cathedral; more the preference for establishment to impressive still was the singing of the the farming refugees as being on the old Christian hymns, the Adeste whole far more productive than the Fideles in Latin, and others in Eng- urban commercial classes and there- lish, French, and German. Prayers fore promising much greater support were offered and passages of Scripture in the future for the economic, social read in French, German, and Eng- and political life of Greece……. The lish. Addresses were given in French Commission has established a total of and English, the latter by the Bishop 147,249 families-approximately 687,- of Fulham. After this the procession 000 people."

moved to the sanctuary where the Young Russian Criminals Lord'g Prayer was said, tirst by the UNDER the' caption, "Russia '80 two Orthodox priests in Greek and in Wild Waifs," the April, 1926 Russian, then by the others in English Review described the appalling con- dition of thousands of children in Rusand French. The tinal blessing was given in French and in English.

Hungarian Laws of Conduct sia. Matters have not changed much during tJ:e year, according to an V ARIOUS regulations, said to be article by Lady Muriel Paget in a modeled on those of the Italian London newspaper, which speaks of Fascisti, were officially announced in 300,000 homeless orphans. The pre- Budapest late in February by M. valence of the drug habit among chil-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

dren is due to the proeess of Assiut College. It was a most inspir- demoralization brought about by their ing day. Seventy-one young people being thrust upon the streets to fend united with the church. These had for themselves. Some of the young been carefully chosen from larger people of this dass are said to have groups of applicants. All had been been homeless for as long as seven for five weeks in special classes pre- years-taking refuge in the stations, paratory to this event. On the Sab- in, asphalt-boilers, on doorsteps, in bath following we held our annual refuse boxes, etc., and learning to Sabbath-school rally. It was surpris- steal in consequenee of their promis- ing to find that on each Sabbath the euous contact with criminal adults. lesson is taught by 122 teachers to 3,426 students. In the street Sab- Another English writer says: bath-schools, which are conducted by the professors and students of Assiut It is, of course, admitted that "the most College, there are 600 enrolled. These evil form of hooliganism has affected youths meet in the open air, in streets or vawho were in their most receptive mood dur- cant lots. In addition to the children ing the Revolution," hut nothing is said of who gather, the lesson reaches many the creed that they have heen taught during a listener. hidden behind partiaUythe last six years. From Belobrodoff Com· closed blinds. The cards which are missioner of Internal Affairs, we learn that "hooliganism is to be found in the League distributed gain entrance to a large of Communist Youth," While in the reported trials of the yonng criminals it is shown number of Moslem homes unvisited by that they are invariably members of the any Christian worker." ruling party.. Types of the Second Generation Riga Tabernacle Dedicated T WO recent news items supplied by AN EVENT long anticipated by the the Church Missionary Society Russion Missionary Society took show the changes that have been place on January 16th, when its new wrought during the years in which it building in Riga, Latvia, was opened. has been at work in Africa. One The English name is given as Riga states that when Archdeacon Mathers, Tabernacle, but the title chosen as of the Society's Upper Nile Mission, the Russian name signifies the" Tem- started the mission work at Kaliro, a ple of Salvation," which is rendered town in the Uganda Protectorate, he into Lettish, 'German and Hebrew, found the old chief sitting over his and appears in large letters over the beer-pot, and handing the drinkingentrance; while, on the roof of the tubes even to the children around him. building, in illuminated letters, it ap- Now this man has been succeeded by pears in Russian, Lettish and Hebrew. an able young Christian chief who is Dr. A. McCaig, who is associated with battling against old, clinging customs Rev. Wm. Fetler in this work writes: and fiery temptations. The old chief "A prayer and praise meeting was had some 600 wives, but this young held at 8 0 'clock in the Revival House, man is bravely standing by one. where hitherto the Russian meetings have been held. At the close, a pro- The second item describes a differcession was formed, and, with ban- ent type of inheritance. It tells of ners flying, cornets playing, and all Archdeacon Crowther, son of the late singing, a large company marched to Bishop Samuel Adjai Crowther, the the new tabernacle." slave boy who became Bishop of the Niger, who is now eighty-two years of AFRIOA age, but still travels up and down the country by canoe or motor lorry Atisiut Church Gains Member. preaching the Gospel wherever he goes, and giving advice and guidance REV. N. D. McCLANAHAN, of the to many churches in the great Niger United Presbyterian Mission in Delta. Egypt, writes: "We have just held our second communion Sabbath at

Cannibalism in the Sudan a large canoe. We have had two epi- demics of mumps, two of severe dys- I NA recent letter, quoted in the entery, one of not very severe influ- London Christian, Mr. Titcombe, enza, and are now passing through of Egbe station of the Sudan Interior one of measles-all in this year. And Mission, says: "It has been often attendance is voluntary, remember." asked, 'Is paganism :finished in the Yagba tribe l' The answer to this is: An African Prizes His Bible 'No!' Two weeks ago I was asked to go to a town eleven miles away, as a WHEN the Congo version of the little child had disappeared, and I had Bible was published some months not been there long before we found ago by the British and Foreign Bible the reason for its disappearance. It Society, a copy was sent to nay Toma had been carried away by a pagan Kula, who assisted in the translation. sect called the Bgboni, and sacri:ficed Rev. J. E. Geil, of the American Bapto their heathen gods, and then eaten tist Mission, furnishes a translation by them. A few days ago, another of a letter which this African addisappeared. How can this be put dressed to the Society, and which down V We have government officials reads: who have made laws condemning this, but that does not change or stop it. To our Dearly Beloved Friends in Jesus What can stop it 1 Prayer, with the Christ: preaching of' the Gospel of Jesus Christ. This practice was common I am very thankful and rejoice greatly in here in the early days of the Mission, the beautiful gift of the Book of God which but the Gospel has changed it and now you bestowed upon me……. It surpasses all we are looking to the Lord to change other gifts which I have received whether the vile hearts of the people in this of money or of food……. I have this village. " greatest of all joys when I received this gift because it is the bread of life and the Records of African Schoolboys lamp of the heart, and this gift can give feet to the heart to stand and walk in the BEFORE I e a v i n g on furlough, way of heaven, and stand before the face George Schwab, of the West of the Most High. Let Father God bless it to the end that it establish and comfort Africa Mission of the Presbyterian the hearts of many. God bless all the hands Church, reported from Sakbayeme: which prepared this gift. , ,We have just examined the school boys, to learn what progress has been Esteem and friendship from lib, your made in their spiritual lives. This is little brother in Jesus Christ. the second time this school year we have done this. The results for this Young Christian Pioneers time are: twenty-six boys taken into the church and forty-two advanced REV. w. C. JOHNSTON, D.D. from the :first to the second year's in- gives this vivid picture of condiquirers' class. They have stood fast tions in Cameroon: "As I am writing in the things of the Kingdom, have this at Yaounde I am interrupted to been faithful in attending the weekly bid goodby to a teacher-catechist who, prayer and instruction meeting, the with his young wife-she looks like a Sunday service and morning prayers, mere girl-and his six-weeks' old and in giving their offerings. There baby, is starting for his post at Amare sixty-four boys who have not ugu Si. With the five schoolboys who missed a single day of school for the came with them they (lre setting out whole year! They have come through on their lonely tramp of six days the rainy season at its worst, and how through the forest, with apparently it pours! They have managed to get no thought of fear in their hearts. across the river even when eight pad- They are the only workers in this disdlers will take only a dozen people in trict, 110 miles from Yaounde. In bidding us good-by he said, 'When are you coming to visit us, and what shall I tell the chiefs who were asking for teachers as I came down 1' Here is a district northeast of Yaounde as

NEW,S FROM MANY LANDS

yet untouched by Mohammedan in- have 245 day schools, with 273 fluences, where the people are asking teachers and 5,176 pupils; also 195 for help. This young teacher and Sunday-schools, with 6,161 scholars. wife, who must send 110 miles back to One of the very encouraging features . Yaounde for help, are on the edge of of our work is the people's giving for their own churches. The past year a vast, unoccupied field. We still re- our native Christians gave (from member how when the Bafia chiefs their meager pay of from five to ten were sending for teachers, and while cents a day) $6,598, which is an in- 'we were busy here and there,' and crease of $3,365 over the previous delayed sending them the help, the year. Our people are also learning to field was occupied by the Mohamme- give for others." dans. "

South African "Gospel Van" THE NEAR EAST T HE Christian Literature Mission Training Girls in Palestine of Sou t h Africa, which was founded in 1923, now has, according THE Church of England high to one of its representatives, "a book school for girls, at Haifa, Palesroom, a gospel van, a missioner and tine, is attended by Moslems, Jews his wife, and two native helpers, all and Bahai, together with Armenian, employed in sending forth the Word English and Greek Orthodox Chrisof Life. When entering the town of tians. The school believes that all Stangar, they found the way barred forms of education should rest on the, by some Indians who demanded to solid foundation of religion. Scripknow what the van was for, where it ture is given first place in the school was going, etc. All being explained, curriculum. The rule is that all they said, 'Come and hold services must assemble in the early morning here, and we will help you all we can.' to ask God's blessing on the work of The Europeans held aloof, apparently the day. Parents expect a great deal not liking such vigorous methods. An from this school. "Have I not al- Indian 'bus proprietor has purchased ready paid fifty piastres for Hansome text cards and put them up in nah's education," said an irate Arab his 'bus, well knowing that he would father one morning, "and have I not lose fares by so doing, as no Moham- told you that all this money was not medan would enter that 'bus. An In- spent only that my daughter may be dian jeweler bought striking texts to clever in history and geography but put in his shop window, 'not for sale, that she should learn first of all to be but to preach to all who pass by,' he a good girl? How can you defend said. At Stangar a young English- yourself, for Hannah has already man was led to Christ on the market been two weeks in your school and square. He sat up all night reading yet she is still a little. she-Satan at the Bible. " home?"

Methodist Progress in Africa Government Students at Beirut T HE year 1926' has seen the mem- FOUR governments are supporting bership of the Southeast Africa students at the American Univer- Conference (Portuguese East Africa sity of Beirut-Ethiopia, Palestine, and the Transvaal) grow to 10,658- Iraq and the Soudan. Ras Teferi, an increase of 765–despite the de- Prince Regent for Ethiopia, has sent crease in missionaries and African six boys to the preparatory school and workers, reports Rev. William C. Ter- the Government of the Soudan is supril, missionary of the Methodist Epis- porting two students, both in their copal Church in Johannesburg. He junior year. Palestine is the only says: "During the year 818 adults government sending a woman student and 419 children were baptized. We who is preparing for a position in a government school. This government

also supports five men students. King tian churches united in celebrating Feisal of Iraq is supporting nineteen this happy occasion. The old Armenstudents at the University. The first ian church is striving for a spiritual students to be sent by King Feisal revival and the Archbishop has were graduated last June and are now ordered the priests to preach, and at work in Iraq. Three more will the Bible is now being read in the graduate this year, five are juniors, churches in the modern Armenian one a sophomore and ten are entered language which the people underin the freshman class. In addition to stand. This is known as Ararat Ardirect support of students there is co- menian. The Scripture Gift Mission operation in curricula, so that certain has published "God Hath Spoken" schools may give certificates for en- in this important Armenian dialect trance to the University without ex- and many hundreds have been distribamination. uted among the Armenians of Persia. This tract has been used of God in Scientific Far_ing for Turkey many languages to show the true way of salvation. Recently many Scrip- THE Department of Agriculture in ture booklets have been distributed to the International College of Smyr- Moslems in and around Urumia, the na is organizing to meet an urgent name of which has been changed to need in present-day Turkey, by train- Rizaye, in honor of the new Shah. ing boys to be practical farmers. and to go out as teachers in the native New Jewish Attitude to Christ agricultural schools. Turkey, which is primarily an agricultural and pas- REV. S. B. ROHOLD, a well-known toral country, has been notorious for Jewish Christian, writes in the its antiquated methods of farming, Jewish Missionary Herald: "The but rapid new developments are now printing of the Life of Christ in Hein progress. A recent report of the brew is the most wonderful thing American Consul General in Constan- that has happened. The Jews tinople indicates that there are now through all the centuries of their 750 tractors in Turkey, of which 600 history endeavored to ignore Jesus. are American made. Service stations They thought, by ignoring Him, and and knowledge of mechanics are es- eliminating Him from their literature, sential to render the new development they could elimina,te Him from the effective, and it is here that such train- life of Israel. But getting a Life of ing as the International College is giv- Christ in Hebrew has changed all ing will prove most helpful. The col- that. We do not hear any more of the lege has 300 students, the majority of old hatred. There is no need any more whom are Turkish. Turkish students to beg a ,Jew to take a New Testament. also constitute the majority at Robert He buys it. We have been selling at College in Constantinople, where the the rate of twenty pounds every present enrollment totals 620, includ- month. Tn my earlier days if I sold ing thirty Turkish students sent to ten shillings worth in six months it the School of Engineering by the was a great thing. Look at the change Turkish Government.-The Congre- in their whole attitude. A Jew is not gationalist. afraid now to tell of his conversion. He is not afraid to show what salva- Bible in Modern Ar_enian tion has done for him."

ARCHBISHOP NERSES MELIK How Persian Gospels Were Sold T ANGIAN, of the Armenian Church, who is located at Tabriz, ACOLPORTEUR of the Church Persia, has lately celebrated the Missionary Society relates this intwenty-fifth anniversary of his assum- cident: "The people were about to ing the archbishopric of Northwest beat me when an old sayyid entered, Persia. Representatives of all Chris- and said to them: 'Try to be just and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

put prejudice aside.' Then he took took some part in the study and essay a copy of St. Matthew from me. 'Sit writing, but the actual competitors down all of you,' he said, 'and listen who qualified numbered 195 schools while I read. When I have finished, in the United States and 368 in forif you do not approve the teaching I eign countries. Approximately 6',800 will tear up all the books before your school votes were registered repreeyes, but if you find it good, you shall senting about 282,000 students. The each one buy a copy for himself.' To twelve names of the 609 candidates this they agreed, so he read the 5th, nominated, which received the highest 6th and 7th chapters, giving brief ex- vote were chosen in the following orplanations here and there. 'Now,' der: Louis Pasteur, Abraham Linsaid he, 'have you anything to say coln, Christopher Columbus, George against this book l' 'No.' 'Then you Washington, Benjamin Franklin, must buy.' There and then I sold Woodrow Wilson, Florence Nightinseven copies, and the purchasers apol- gale, Joan of Arc, Socrates, Johann ogized for the trouble they had caused Gutenberg, David Livingstone, George me." Stephenson. All. of these, as various papers have noted, might be called Colporteur Wins His Freedom "heroes of peace." Five of the twelve prizes went to students in for- I BRAHIM EFFENDI DOWANY, eign countries and five of the twelve now an !3vangelist of the German winning essays. were written by girls. Carmel Mission, and a companion The prize for the best essay on David spent last summer, aided by the Nile Livingstone went to a student in the Mission Press, in "an evangelistic col- High School for Girls in Pretoria, portage journey" in Mesopotamia. South Africa. In one town they were arrested and taken to the police station. Dowany Program. of Lausanne Conference said to the police inspector, who was an Orthodox Christian: "Being un- T HOUGH preparations of many der the Arabian Government of the sorts have long been under way just Amir Abdullah, and subject to for the World Conference on Faith the British Mandate in Palestine, and Order which is to be held in Laushould we not enjoy religious free- sanne, Switzerland from August 3d dom ~ Nevertheless, if you must needs to 21st, it is only quite recently that prevent us, know then that we have the first formal draft of the program been sent by our Society, not for sport was made public. This includes the or enjoyment, but to preach the Gos- following subjects: pel and sell our religious books; for this we ask you kindly to give us an The call to unity; the Ohurch's message official notice of prevention, to pre- to the world-the Gospel; the nature of the sent to our Mission." The outcome Church; the Church's common confession was that the men were released, and of faith; the Church's ministry; the sacratheir books returned to them. ments; the unity of Christendom and the relation thereto of existing churches' ar- GENERAL rangements for ·continuing the work of the conference. World's Youth Warnes Heroes Subjects not on the program may be T HE results have been announced placed there at any stage at the writ- of "a world hero essay competi- ten request of three members with the tion" conducted in the schools of sev- consent of the arrangements commiteral countries under the auspices of tee and with the consent of a twothe National Council for the Preven- thirds majority of the conference. tion of War. About one thousand French, German and English will be schools and a half-million students the official languages of the confer- ence.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us au receipt of price.-

L'HE REVIEW.

The China Christian Year Book, 1926. mission schools. The last is especially Edited by Dr. Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. vexing. Dr. Rawlinson firmly be- 549 pp. Christian Literature Society. lieves that the roots of Christian faith E'hanghai. 1926. and doctrine have struck deep in Chi- nese life and will bear abundant fruit Here is doubtless the most illumi- in years to come-though it may be nating and authoritative information with a Chinese ,form and Oriental oil the present situation in China. flavor. It is the hope of Christian Some forty writers deal with political, missionaries that as soon as possible educational, social, industrial and re- the Chinese Church will become auligious affairs-and nearly one· half tonomous while it remains loyal to the of these writers are Chinese. Condi- Christ of the Scriptures. tions are chaotic in many places, but most of the Christian missions are In the forty-four chapters, the restill open and the missionaries are at lation of national affairs to the Christheir posts. China is in transition. tian movement in China is discussed A political, mental, social, economic with discernment by five writers; the and religious change is taking place, religious thought and activity by four but Christian ideas and influences (three of them Chinese); church life have been implanted and are at work, by five (all foreigners); missions and as well as other more selfish and ma- missionaries by six (all foreigners); terialistic ideas. The national ship education by nine writers (eight Chiof state has loosed from the old moor- nese); social and industrial problems ings and is encountering heavy seas; by seven; medical work by three and there are many contrary winds and literature by seven. there are rocks on every side; there is a frequent change of pilot and of No one who wishes to know of concourse, but there is reason to believe ditions and prospects in China today that the ship will not break up, but will weather the storm and, before can afford to overlook this wealth of long, will flnd its course in smoother fact interpreted by those well-inseas under good governorship. formed and sympathetic with the highest ideals for China.

Naturally, the emphasis in this vol- Borden of Yale '09. "The Life That ume is placed on the progress of Counts." Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illus. Christianity. The editor interprets 8 va. 287 pp. $2.00 or 68. London.

the characteristics of this movement 1926.

in China as representing two classes At the threshold of a most prom- -the articulate and the inarticulate ising career, this very remarkable groups. He shows the influence of young and valiant Christian was sud- communism and the shifting forces or denly called into service in the Life fulcrum of the Christian churches . beyond. As men count, he reached from foreign to home control. The the age of only twenty-five and yet he greatest problems have come in con- made his mark on his generation, and nection with the general attitude to- his example was and is an inspiration ward foreigners, the foreign financial to many. Possibly no young man of support of various Christian enter- twenty-five ever exerted a wider and prises and the teaching of religion in deeper influence. At least seven 318

19271) THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

memorial services were held to mem- tion. They are picturesque and inorialize him-in America, Europe, teresting, and have many admirable Africa, Asia. William Whiting Bor- characteristics and customs. Life den showed a character that was at among them is full of romance and of the same time virile and loving, full tragedy. of faith in God and of service to mankind.. He was an unusual, but a nat- Rev. W. J. V. Saville, who writes ural boy in his Chicago home; an ac- this volume, has been a missionary in tive but studious lad in Hill School; Eastern New Guinea (or Papua) for a leader in good things at Yale, where twenty-five years, and has come to he founded "The Yale Hope Mis- know the natives intimately. He has sion." He was a real force among studied them, their beliefs and custhe students in Princeton Seminary toms most diligently and here deand a valued volunteer worker during scribes their habits, sacred rites, pubvacation times in the National Bible lic ceremonies, occupations and char- Institute, New York and a helpful acteristics most minutely and scientifimember of the Governing Board of cally. The study is almost too dethe China Inland Mission. He was tailed for the average reader, but the a keen and buoyant observer in his author helps us to gain a thorough journey around the world and in Lon- knowledge of his Papuans – even don surrendered his life still more un- down to the smallest detail. For anreservedly to God. Then, at the Stu- thropologists and missionaries, this is dent Volunteer Convention in Nash- a valuable study, fully illustrated ville, came the call to missionary with excellent photographs and drawwork among Moslems. He responded ings. The crude and cruel customs, with his whole heart, but the Home the ignorance and superstition, the Call came while he was in Cairo pre- uncleanness and immorality prevaparing to go to the Moslems of China. lent give clear evidence of the need of Weare not wise enough to under- these people for the Gospel of Christ. stand the reason for this unexpected call, but God makes no mistakes. The Prayer. Arno Clemens Gaebelein. 12 mo. life has not ended, and the influence III pp. $1.00. New York. 1927. here has gone on in enlarging circles. It is strange how many people pray The Borden and Whiting families without ever thinking of stUdying the are of high social standing, and Wil- conditions that make prayer truly liam received the best of education, effective. They would not think of brought up in wealth. While still a such ignorant, haphazard methods of student,he inherited a fortune, and endeavoring to secure desired results yet this young man was unspoiled, in science, in medicine or in business. simple in his habits, athletic, sympa- The Bible is the "Source Book" for thetic with those in need, a devout a knowledge of prayer and how it bestudent of secular subjects and of comes effective and yet how few who the Bible, a tireless personal worker pray really study the Bible teachings for Christ and a generous and wise and examples relating to prayer. Dr. steward of all his talents. His life- Gaebelein does· this in a most thorstory is well written and worth read- ough and practical way. He begins ing. at Genesis and goes through the Bi- ble to Revelation to discover every In Unknown New Guinea. W. J. V. Saville. mention of prayer and what we may Maps and 58 Illustrations. 8vo. 316 pp. learn from them. It is an exceedingly 218 net. London. 1926. rich and suggestive stUdy.

The people of New Guinea com- In the last forty pages, he systempose the largest group of uncivilized atically unfolds the teachings of the people in the South Seas. Many are Scriptures in reference to prayersaid to be cannibals. In the interior, its basis, its contents, types of prayer, they are still savage in the extreme conditions of effectual prayer, the exand have not been touched by civiliza- ample of Christ and the relation of

"Borden of Yale '09" the Holy Spirit to prayer. It is a volume worthy of careful and prayer- "The Life That Counts" ful study.

by MRS. HOWARD TAYLOR The Wonderful Names of Our Wonderful Lord. Selected by T. C. Horton with REV. ENOCH F. BELL writes: "I have been Meditations by Charles E. Hurlburt and reading "Borden of Yale," by Mrs. Howard Tay- T. C. Horton. 12mo. 199 Pl'. Los lor. The book is wonderfully written. William Angeles. 1925. Borden was an extraordinary man on almost every count and his Christian life and faith There are three hundred and sixtyraised hiS natural power to the Nth degree. It five names selected from the Bible is a book that every Christian worker ought to and arranged with comments for read." daily Bible verses and comments. It is an exceedingly rich study in the DR. R. A. TORREY writes: "This life of scriptural interpretation of Christ. your son is wonderful: it Is one of the most interesting and helpful biographies that I ha.ve Youth LOOks at the Church; The Evanston ever read. Not only is the Ufe itself one of Conference. Introduction by Stanley great importance but the record of it is written High. 12 mo. 220 pp. $1.00. New York. with great skill, both in the chOice of material 1926. and in the way in which it is put. I know something of Mrs. Taylor's ability to write biog- Much attention has been given to raphies from her life of Hudson Taylor and the Interdenominational Student from "Paetor Hsi," but I am inClined to think Conference held in Evanston last that she has done the work upon this book with December. Here are the official, but even wiser judgment and greater skill than she abbreviated, reports of addresses displayed in these other books." from the platform and from the floor, the reports of the student commis· 287 pages-Oloth Binding. sions (forty·seven pages) and the With Map and Illustration•. findings (twelve pages). These ad· dresses and findings are not radically Price $2.00 Postpaid revolutionary and are worthy of thoughtful study. at NEW BOOKS CHINA INLAND MISSION 237 W. School Lane, Germantown Awakening Womanhood. F. Hughes·Hal· lett. ~ Pl'. Is. Church Missionary Philadelphia, Pa. Soeiety. London. 1927. or Everyland Children. VoL I Just Like You; 150 St. George St., Toronto 5, Onto VoL II Taro and Ume. 60 Pl'. each. and Booksellers Paper, 25 cents; board covers, 50 cents. Central Committee for the United Study Whither Bound? of Foreign Missions. Cambridge, Mass., ]927. THE MODERN Prayer. Arno Clemens Gaebelein. 111 Pl'. STUDENT $1.00. "Our Hope," 456 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 1927. WITH IDEALS The Christian Movement in lapan, Korea and Formosa. 1926. Edited by A. Olt· If you'd like to /mow mans. Committee of Reference and Hhim U better Counsel. New York. 1926.

Here Is Your OPPORTUNITY China. Today Through Chinese Eyes. Second Series. By Seven Distinguished 1. Religion on the Campus-the re- Chinese Leaders. 151 Pl'. $1.25. George sume of the National Student Confer· H. Doran Co., New York. Student Christ· ian Movement, London. 1926. ence, Milwaukee. Thought·provoking, The Maryknoll Movement. George /C. catholic, realistic; a true picture of the Powers. 140 Pl'. $l.50. Field Afar Office. MaryknOll P.O., New York. 1927. mind of students as they face life is- Pioneering for Christ in the Sudan. sues in the light of 1927 science, reo Johanna Veenstra. 223 Pl'. $2.00. i3mitter Book Company. Grand Rapids. ligion and society. Cloth, $1.50 1926. .

II. The Intercollegian-the magazine of the Student Christian Movement. Ar· ticles-reviews-news-Student Opin· ion at its Best. The Year, $1.25 BOTH FOR $2.50 roD/if"."" ASSOCIATION PRESS S.,.,••,.I, Addm".'fYo" 3(7 Madison Ave.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1927

JANUARY!

A month of Special Values This year you can replenish your stock of Household Linens at McCutcheon's during January and save 10%. This reduction is in effect on Damask Table Linens, Fancy Linens, Towels, Sheets and Pillow Cases, as well as 011 Blankets and Comfortables. There will also be a special 10% reduction on Negligees, Lingerie, Children's and Infants' Wear and Corsets.

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Dept. No. 20 …"~".. New York ~e MOSLEM WORLD A Quarterly Re'view of current events, literature, and thought among Mohammedans and the progress of Christian Missions in Moslem lands.

Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. D.D., F.R.G.S.

c,4ssociate Editors PROF. D. B: MACDONAl,D, D.D, Hartford, Conn. RItv. MURRAY T. TITUS, B.Litt., India CANON W. -R. T. GA1RDNIUt, B.A., Cairo MR. MARSHALL BaooMHALL, London Rav. H. U. WItITBRECHT STANTON, London R!:v. E. M~ WHERRY,' D.D., India , PRO!". WM. G. SHELl,AR"tAR, D.D., Hartford, Conn. PROF. AR'tHUR JItFF'ERY~ ),1.A, B.D., Cairg, Egypt REV. E. E. EI.DI':R, M.A:, B.D., Cairo,. E~ypt – – – – – – PROF. S. RALPH HARLOW, Northampton, Mass. T HE Mo.slem World was founded in 1911 to follow up the work of the Confere&es~ on evangelization of Moslems, held at Cairo in 1906 and at Lucknow in 1911. It is'unique in its outlook, at once on phases and conditions of contemporary Islam, and on the mis- sionary work of all sections of the Christian Church among Moslems. Under the expert editorship of DR. SAMUEl, M. ZWEMER it has secured the help of leading scholars in Britain and America and on the Continent, as well as of missionaries and travellers of many Churches and Nations. Its pages are a treasure house of information and thought on proh- lems that engage the student and administrator at the home base and the missionary in the – – – – – – field, and neither can afford to be without it. Subscriptions will be received at any of the following offices: M'SSIONARY REVIEW PUBl,ISHING COMPANY, 156 Fifh Avenue, New York City.

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Price in U. S. A., $2_00 or 50 cents per copy; in Britain, 8s. per annum, or 2s. per copy Please mention THE MISSIONARY REvmw OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1927 Page }'RONTISPIEOE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A TIME CHART OF WORLD FRIENDSHIP EDITORIALS ………•……………………………………….. , .. ,… 5 A FORWARD L 00 K THROUGH 'ICHE A SEMI,CENTENliIIAL – A BAOKWARD SHADOWS LOOK THE CHALLENGE OF TIlE NON-CIIRISTIAN WORLD … , .J. ,cAMPBELL WHI'J'j;; 9 One of the found(})'s of the Laymen's Missionary Movement sounds a a!arion caU to the Church to meet the need of mankind for the Gaspe! of Christ.

THE RELIGION OF OHRIST FOR ALL RACES ….. , ………. F. J. MOCONNELL 12 THE EAST AND THE WEST ………………………. SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 13 'A beloved Indian Christw.n points out the contrasts and the essentw.l oneness of the peoples of the Orient and the OOCidrnt.

TIlE APPEAL OF JESUS OIlRIST TO INDIA ……………. ROBERT A. HUME 15 A missionary, with half a century of experience in Indw., ./toWS why Jems, who was born in the Orient, makes a powerful appeal to Oriental peoples.

PERSIA FACES THE FUTURE ……………….. , …….. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 19 A graphie and stirring account of what Dr. and Mrs. Zwemer saw on theiJr recent visit to the Land of the Bhah, with its ancient history and modern ouUook.

OHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR MOSLEMS, ……. , …….. ,MURRAY T, TITUS 27 A missionary to Indw. describes the need as he has seen it and the type of litera· t1tre that is most effective in winning 'Mos!ems to Christ.

A MODERN ANSWER TO AN ANCIENT QUESTION ….. , ….. JOHN FERGUSON 33 An arresting statement of facts discovered in a recent tour of Protestant Churches in New York Btate, together with the interpretation.

DISTRIBUTION OF PURITY LITERATURE IN ,cAIRO ……….. . A. T. UPSON 38 HANDICAPS OF A MISSIONARY WIFE ………………………..•…….. 39 One who has had experience as wife and mother in a missionary land describes some of the difficulties due to ji;nancial handicaps that hinder hea.zthful Ufe and efficient service.

ANTI·CHRISTIAN AGITATION IN SOUTH CHlNA ………… W. II. OLDFIELD 43 A story from personal observation of the effect of the present unrest and opposi- tion to foreigners and foreign religion "being manifested in China.

DESTROYING IDOLS AT KA RI BONG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , … MARION E. HARTNESS 47 A fascinating story of the effeots that have followed the preaching of Christ in a Korean village.

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Robt'rt E. Speer, President Wm. I. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougal1, Treasurer Publication Omce, 3d & Relly Sts.• Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue. Po. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. New York City Entered as second-class ma.tter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Prompt Action Do You Know?

Bars Regrets Have you provided adequately for Who led the Children of Jarael Into the Promised Land? Misaionl~ Where Noah'. Ark landed? Who was the first great Chrl.tJan Should you not perpetuate your giving? missionary?

Delay is usuaUy fatal. FREE-Send fOT this S-minute Bible Test Proviaion can be made by- 1. Taking an Annuity AgreemeDl Test your knowledge of the Bib!e. See how much you really know about this great Booi<of Books. 2. SigDiDg aD Estate Note. ~~ibfei~!~~~S~:~:.~~Si':,~y~u:;S:~~I~ 3. Making a 8eq:ue.t. … InsuriDg your Life iD favor of the well·rounded knowledge useful in your everyday Christian experience. TE"n ooarses-non-secta- undersigned Boards. rian-one suited to your particular needs. 34,(X)() students have already found the great satisfac- For information write to tion and joy that comesfrom knowing the Bible. Don't deny yourself this wonderful experience. Morri. W. th~el' Treasurer. Boord 01 Foreign Just totry outyour present knowledge-send for this test. You'll be interested. Mailcoupon today. Mimons 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1SO Filth Avenue, New York. N. Y•• or MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mil. Dept 4611 1631n.tituto Place, Cbi….o. U1. sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco. pal Church. 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia, Pa. ~~·4;;~11J;i~~ti~te Place, Chicago, IlL I II OBITUARY Please send me, Free, your 5-Minute Bible Test. No obligation. REv. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D., mISSIOn· ary of the A. B. C. F. M. in Turkey for I I Name ………………………………………………………….: fifty·two years prior to his retirement in t~s:=~==:=:=:=:~=:=~J 1912, died in New York City October 28th, at the age of ninety·two. REV. GEORGE CoUSINS, missionary in *** Madagascar from 1864 to 1884 under the London Missionary Society died recently in REV. DAVID D. FORSYTH, Secretary of the Worthing, England. From 1885 to 1898 he Board of Home Missions of the Methodist edited the publications of the L. M. S.,. and Episcopal Church, died suddenly in Chicago from the latter date tnt 1909 was Joint November 8th, in his sixty·third year. Foreign Secretary. He wrote books both in English and Malagasy. *** REV. DAVID BARON, founder of the Chris· tian Testimony to Israel, who was born in Russia as a Jew seventy·one years ago, died in London late in October.

&UGGESTIONS FOR USE OF PR.AYER CIRCLE TIME .CHART (See Frontispiece Pewe ~.) How to U8B the Chart.-To obtain the best results, mount this page of the REVIE,W on cardboard, first cutting out tbe central time circle. Mount this "time circle" on separate c.ard and run a thumb tack through center so that circle will revolve. To find the time of day at a certain place, in relation to the time at the place where you reside, revolve the ttrue circle until the hour where you reside is under the place you live. Then note the Ume indicated on the time circle under the distant place of whioh you are thinking.

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OF TIME CHART OF THE WORLD WIDE

PRAYER CIRCLE Countries and Cities.-The prlnciple countrles of the world are indicated on the chart to. show dlgrees (,If longitude they cover east or west of Greenwich (London).

The chief 'citles are indicate$1 by dots and numbers in thelr approxiIilltte longitudinal position. (For Suggestions on 1Ule of Time Chart see page 3.) Canada· 17. Rio de Janeiro, 43° 32. Bombay (India), 73· 1.. Vancouver, 1260 West 33. C(}l(}mbo (Ceylon), 80° 1. Toronto, 79° EUTfJ'pe 3. Halifax, 64° 34. Calcutta. 89° 18. London (Greenwich) 0° Unitea Statelt of America 19. Madrid (Spain), 4° W. 35. Bangkok (Siam), 1010 4. Sitka (Alaska), L35° 20. Paris (France), 3° E. 36. Singapore. 104" 5 San Francisco, 1220 21. Rome (Italy), 12° 37. Chengtu (China), 104° 6. Denver, 1050 22. Berlin (Germany), 13° 3S. Peking, 116° 7. Chicago, 80° 23. Leningrad (Russia) I 300 39. Shanghai. 121' 8. New York, 74° 24. Moscow, 37° 40. Manila (P. I.), 121" 25. Constantinop,1e, 29° 41. Seoul (Korea), 127° Latin ..4.merica 42, Tokyo (Japan), 140° 9. !dexico City. 99° Africa 26. Freetown (Liberia), 14" Australia and Paoijic I.,zan-ds 10. Havana, 830 27. Cape Town (S. A.), 19° 43. Meib~~rne (Australia), 11. San Juan (P. R.). 66° 12. Quito (Ecuador), 78° 28. Cairo (Egypt), 31° 44. Sydney (N. S. W.), 151° 13. Lima (Peru), 77° 45. Kwato (Papua), 151" 14. Bogota (Colombia), 74° 29. Uganda, 34° 46. New Hebrides, 170° E. 30. Nyasa, 35° 47. AUkland (N. Z.), 175° E. 15. Santiago (Chile), 71° 30. Jerusalem, 35° 48. HO~:UlU (Hawaii), 158° 16. Buenos Aires, 57° Asia 31. Tabri. (Persia), 46°

MlS'SIONARY

MW1fe VOL. JANUARY, 1927 NUMBER L ONE A FORWARD LOOK THROUGH THE SHADOWS JESUS OHRIST, our Lord, always looks forward with expecta- tion-yes, with assurance-of victory. When walking on earth, among His disciples, He was not unmindful of the sad and disastrous experiences of the past, but they were used only as lessons and as stepping stones, not as handicaps or discouragements. He was moved with compassion for the shepherdless lost sheep, but He predicted the time when there would be "one flock and one shepherd." In the midst of opposition by synagogue and state, He said, "Fear not, little flock, for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the Kingdom." Though He saw the cross ahead, including the betraya1, denial and temporary desertion by His chosen disciples, yet through this shadow He predicted the resurrection and the glory beyond. Others were pessimistic and prone to be discouraged because of the prevalence and power of evil. He was ever optimistic. While He saw the evil aud was saddened because of the lives that were being ruined by sin, He looked forward to the sure victory over sin and the day when the Kingdom of God would be established and recognized throughout the whole earth. This required more than faith, more than courage. It was based on knowledge-knowledge of the forces of evil, knowledge of mankind, knowledge of God and His power and program of love.

As we look over the world today, there are unquestionably evil forces at work that might give cause for grave misgivings, even for discouragement. After nearly two thousand years of the preaching and practice of Ohrist's teachings, the powers of evil are still everywhere evident. Warfare and murder cover many parts of the earth with human blood; robbery and dishonesty make light of the Eighth Commandment; impurity, in all its forms, pervades all classes of society. Men and women still refuse to accept Christ and His way IS

of life; the nominal Christians are evidently cold and apparently lifeless; many are weak and sickly in the Church. Worst of all, perhaps, the younger generation is not being adequately trained in Chris- tian truth and living.

Europe is still restless and full of suspicion and self-interest; Russia is making an experiment to see if God exists and if religion is necessary; Moslem lands are awakening and are casting off the restraints of Islam but have not yet discovered the way of true liberty and power; Africa is a battleground and experiment station for politics, commerce and religion; India is restive under poverty, caste, superstition and foreign domination; and China is torn by civil strife, hatred of foreign dictation and distrust of self-appointed leaders; Japan is ambitious for power and eager for everything that will bring material progress, but has not discovered the secret of true greatness. America is rich and increased in goods and is in danger of being dominated by a hard, selfish and foolish materialism.

These are causes for sorrow and shame that all Christians have not been more faithful and spirit-filled witnesses. The suffering of humanity moves us with compassion and its selfishness and sin urges us on to holier living and more faithful witness. There is every reason for the disciples of Christ to pray for guidance, for more unselfish devotion, for greater power and for more effective service but there is not reason for the pessimism that means discouragement.

If Christ and His apostles were optimistic because of their faith in God and His program, Christians today have many more reasons to thank God and take courage.

More true prayer is going up to God than ever before in the history of the world.

More men and women are today reading and studying the Bible, than ever before, to discover God and His will for them.

More Christian missionaries are witnessing to Christ-however imperfectly-and in more parts of the world than ever before.

But the supreme reason for faith in the victory of Christ is found in Him, in His promises, in His purpose and program and in His power to bring these to successful fruition. It is not for us "to know the times or the seasons that the Father hath set within His own authority" but it is for us to have faith in God, to wait on Him for power, and to witness for Him by word and life. He will give the harvest.

God rules and His program of love has not changed. When will men learn, come to know Him, as He is revealed in Christ 1 When will they discover the secret of true peace and joy1 When will "the kingdoms of this world" become "the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ"~ We know not, but we know the time is coming. As surely as "in the fulness of time" Christ came into the world to redeem men

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

by His life and death, so surely is He coming again "in the fulness of time" to establish His universal Kingdom. "Thy Kingdom Come."

A SEMI-CENTENNIAL-A BACKWARD LOOK T HE REVIEW is just entering its year of jubilee. Fifty years ago, on his return from thirty years as a missionary in India, the Rev. Royal G. Wilder founded the magazine as an independent, bi-monthly review. After editing it ably for ten years, and making its power felt, Mr. Wilder, on his deathbed, turned the editorship over to Dr. Arthur T. Pierson and Dr. James M. Sherwood. The latter died in 1891 (three years later) and the present editor became associated with the REVIEW while still a student at Princeton. In 1911, Dr. Arthur T. Pierson "finished his course," being known throughout the world as a most powerful writer and speaker on Christian missions. In 1916, the REVIEW was purchased from the Funk and Wagnalls Company by a group of Christians and has since been controlled by an interdenominational Board of Directors.

The REVIEW was first established as a purely foreign missionary periodical and was called THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. It contained less than 400 pages annually and was published at Princeton, New Jersey. Under Dr. Pierson's editorship, it was enlarged to eighty pages each number (96<1 annually) and became a home and foreign missionary monthly. Since 1916, it has maintained its world-wide vision, stressing both home and foreign work, and has been more than ever international and interdenominational.

There have been difficult financial years for the REVIEW, for at times all missionary work has suffered from criticism, misunderstanding and indifference, but while many missionary and other religious periodicals have failed and have been combined or discontinued. the REVIEW has maintained its witness to the need of all men for the Gospel of Christ, to the necessity for keeping true to the Word of God, and has recorded the continued triumphs of the Gospel as the power of God unto salvation to everyone who believes.

Great changes have taken place in missionary methods and outlook in the past fifty years. In 1878, the foreign missionary cause was still ignored or was looked down upon by business men and political leaders as an enterprise of a few misguided enthusiasts. Today, leading men in commerce, industry, finance and statesmanship testify as to the value of Christian missions to the progress of the world in brotherhood, in education, in social and industrial betterment and in moral and spiritual health. In fifty years, the number of missionary organizations, the missionary force, the gifts to Christian work, the number and strength of the churches on the fields have greatly multiplied. In America, the home mission situa-

tion has almost entirely changed. There are now few of the old unoccupied frontiers and each state is largely responsible for the solution of its own missionary problem.

Encouraging progress has been made in cooperation among both home and foreign agencies. The annual conferences of missionary boards have meant a united study of the problems and have brought to fruition plans for more united effort. Woman's place in missionary endeavor has been greatly enlarged. The Missionary Education Movement, the Laymen's Movement, the Student Volunteer Movement, the Federal Council of Churches, the United Society of Christian Endeavor, the Church Federations and other union movements have all been established and have grown in influence. The Youth Movement has become an important factor. Contributions to both home and foreign mission work have increased manyfold. In 1878, the income of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions was, for example, less than $500,000, supporting only 301 missionaries. Today, the annual income of this Board is over four million dollars and it has in the field 1,579 missionaries. Other societies have grown in like proportion and many new societies have been founded.

The changes in methods have been still greater-with increased facilities in transportation, by steam and electricity; with easy communication by telegraph, cable and wireless; with great Christian universities and colleges established in non-Christian lands j with the growth of Bible translation and distribution and the increase of Christian literature; with medical work and industrial missions greatly developed. Native churches have become strong so that now one great problem is to maintain harmonious relationship with the foreign missionary.

The explorations and the political changes in the world have had a tremendous influence on freedom of religion, on social life and on the missionary enterprise. In 1878, Africa was the home of the slave trade and was largely an unexplored continent. Central Asia and Central South America were almost unknown. Today all Mrica has been opened to travelers and is under European governments. Except in the Americas, every land was then under autocratic government. Today, only Afghanistan, Tibet and Arabia are without constitutional governments and in Asia, Japan and Persia are constitutional monarchies. It has been, and is, a restless, changing world.

There still remains much land to be possessed for Christ before His commission is fulfilled; there are many difficult problems to be solved both at home and abroad; there is still much progress to be made before the world is Christian. The message of Christ is as supremely needed as ever, and He has not lost His power. The REVIEW is still needed as a witness to Him and to the oneness of His Church and His work throughout the world.

Challenge of the Non-Christian

BY J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D., NEW YORK Vice-President of the Biblical Seminary W HAT are some of the great challenges that confront the churches at this moment? First of all is the challenge of need in our home land. One hundred and ten millions of people constitute the population of the United States at present.

No state has fifty per cent of its population members of the Church, and most of the states have much less. There are about twenty- six million Protestant church members, and sixteen million Roman Catholics, but almost two thirds of the entire population are outside of the Church altogether. Certainly, here is a tremendous appeal to all of us who know Christ to make Him known to the people of our own land, and particularly to the immigrant population.

Hundreds of thousands of immigrants are coming every year to America, and about one quarter of them are returning to the vari- ous lands from which they corne, chiefly the European countries. This should mean that we are sending back tens of thousands of unpaid missionaries each year.

In one of the large Methodist churches in the city of Pittsburgh, I was introduced to an Italian who had been brought to Christ by the efforts of the members of that church. He went back to Italy on a vacation, and, while there, organized a church which has grown to a membership of over three hundred. Now he is back in Pitts- bUTgh winning others for Christ. That is a picture of the possi- bility of immigrants carrying back to the Old World the Christian religion. .

What an immense help it would be toward winning people for Christ if we could get our church members to surrender to the Lord and go out as His witnesses! Testimony of words and deeds is what is needed, particularly from our church members. We can never expect any great permanent awakening in any section of America until the burden of personal testimony rests upon the average Christian in our churches. And no one is ever going to be able to give that testimony unless he is living a real Christian life.

Suppose one million out of the twenty-six millions of Protestant Christians could be brought to work seriously to bring others to Christ, how many would that million win~ It is inconceivable that any person working in the power of God, and working faithfully, would not win atJeast one person a year for Christ. I believe that the average Christian can do a great deal more than this. Suppose one million out of the twenty-six would go to work to win one person 9

a year for Christ, and these in turn would each one win one each year, how long would it take to win the rest of this countryT At the end of one year, we would have two millions, at the end of the second year four, at the end of the third eight, at the end of the fourth sixteen, at the end of the fifth thirty-two, at the end of the sixth sixty-four and, in seven years, our entire population would be live Christians. How long would it take, at this rate, to finish the task in the world? In eleven years, there would be two thousand forty-eight mi11ion real Christians, which is several millions more people than there are in the world today! By the power of God's Holy Spirit, a consecrated band of vital Christians could win the world to Christ in a short time. In the strength of God, we can evangelize the world.

There are about eighty millions of people in Latin America, including Cuba, Porto Rico, Mexico, Central America and South America. More than one half of them cannot read and more than one half of these people were born out of wedlock. Those two facts ought to be enough to indicate the tremendous needs socially, morally and spiritually of these eighty millions of people. There are about two thousand ordained missionaries in this entire territory, or an average of one missionary to every forty thousand of the population in that section of the world which is almost absolutely dependent upon the churches of North America, and principally the United States.

Let us look for a moment at the Moslem world. There are two hundred and forty millions of them-over twice as many Moslems as the population of the United States. They are more open to Christianity than ever before. What a marvellous change has come over the Moslem mind when Moslem students by hundreds will crowd meetings for the powerful presentation of the Christian Gospel! That seems to me a greater miracle than the raising of Lazarus from the dead, the change of the leaders of Mohammedanism towards the Truth as revealed in the Word of God and by the Son of God. Are we going to take advantage of that condition 1 Next is the question as to whether the Mohammedan religion is to be allowed to spread over Central Africa. The Moslems have already turned tens of thousands of pagans into Mohammedan followers. There are fifty millions of them without any organrzed religion, simple-minded people who can be led with comparative ease. It is largely a question of who is there first. All missionary leaders are deeply concerned to avert the menace of advancing Mohammedanism. Our generation will see the heart of Africa made Christian or Moslem. Africa has seventy millions, of its popUlation of one hundred and forty millions, for whom nobody has yet begun to provide. Have not these people an urgent claim on our helpT

1927J THE OHALLENGE OF 'fHE NON·OHRISTIAN WORLD

Then look at India with a population of three hundred and thirty millions. The villages are so thickly dotted over the country that if Christ, instead of ascending and disappearing from view, had gone to India and had visited a different village every day since then, it would still take him fifty years to visit all the villages of India for the first time. There is an average of between three and four hundred people in every village and the great bulk of the country is unoccupied by the missionaries of any church. The question is, Shall these people have a chance at our Gospel now when they want it-? There is a great opportunity among the low-caste people just now. Thousands must be refused baptism because we have not the men and the money to meet the situation that Divine Providence has unfolded.

China comprises one fourth of the population of the world. A few years ago, the opportunity there for the Gospel was unprecedented. Now the land is in a turmoil. Are we doing all we can ~ We have sent only one out of every sixteen hundred of our church members to the mission fields. Every missionary has an average parish of sixty thousand to reach, and we have only sent one out of every sixteen hundred! We have not exhausted our resources. America ought to have a total of thirty thousand missionaries in order to cut down the average parish abroad from sixty thousand to thirty thousand. Twenty-five or thirty thousand people is about a big enough parish for any missionary to look after. I believe that we could send one out of everyone hundred of our church members and the ninety-nine who stayed at home would do a better job, with the power of God realized through them, than all can do if we neglect the opportunity with which God has challenged us.

The only other question is whether the ninety-nine who stay at home can afford to send one who would like to go abroad as a missionary. This is really a very simple proposition if any proper standard of stewardship is accepted by any large percentage of our church members. Do you know that when you add five cents a week to the giving of Protestant church members in America, you add over sixty million dollars a year and ten cents a week added would increase the amount over one hundred twenty million dollars annually? If we had that to divide up between home and foreign missions each year, many secretaries could take up the tasks at the front. If the need of the whole world for Christ is not a large enough task to arouse any Christian, to make him feel that he must become a partner with God, then there is no challenge that win appeal to him. The challenge of the world's need is the most powerful challenge we shall ever have with which to lift the Church up to what it ought to be and do. Weare twenty years behind the Providence of God in following up the openings which He has furnished.

The Religion of Christ for All Races T HE problem is not as to how the West is going to fit Christianity to the East, but how the East is going to adapt Christianity to itself. Or, put it in another way, how Christianity is going to utilize the East. The back-lying assumption that the Christianity of the West is to be the Christianity of the East is wholly gratuitous. The East will react against Christianity according to its own nature, and put its own nature upon Christianity. Christ dealt with persons according to the nature of the persons. It will always be so. The day of Eastern conquests for Christianity has not yet begun. '1'he new stirrings of self-respect in India and China are the harbinger of a newer day.

Christianity cannot be given as a favour or a bounty to a nation. The nation must "take," and take in its own way. It is impossible for any idea to be dropped as a seed into a soil and gr{)W without ejecting from itself some of its original tissue and weaving into itself elements from the !lew national and racial soil. Socialism, for e~ample, has, when introduced into a new country, always disappointed those who intro- duced it, because of the differences from the original it at once has begun to reveaL It will be so with Christianity. The more vitally it is seized by the East the more differences it will show from the Western forms. So that the forces which seem at first to mean that non-Christian peoples are rejecting Christianity may be those that later will lead to the fullest appropriations of Christianity. There is nothing impossible, or even improbable in such an outcome. The conquest of China, or India, by Christianity would be no greater than the conquest of the barbarian tribes that rushed upon the down-falling Roman Empire. There is noth- I ing as difficult in the conquest of the Orient by a religion in origin Oriental as in the conquest of the Occident by a religion in origin Oriental.

There is no obstacle of an invincible kind against East and West developing Christianity each according to its own nature and meeting in common devotion to the Christian essentials.

* The world is big enough for alL Nations and races have a right to enough of the earth's surface to furnish a foothold to make their con- tribution to the total we call Christian civilization.

* East should be lo{)ked upon as giving its indispensable part to the body of Christ, and each should have a right to insist that nothing dis- tinctive to itself shall be lost. There should be spheres in which each is unique, as well as a sphere in which all can work together. Is this hopelessly inconceivableT-Frmn Bishop Francis J. "McConnell's book, "Is God Limited?"

East and the

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SABATHU, SIMLA, INDIA O N my return from a world tour I was frequently asked: What is the difference between the West and the East1 and Which are the better people1 The simple answer to these questions is that the intrinsic and essential basis of human nature is the same all over the world, with a few outward differences of social life and organization.

Many in India believe that materialism reigns supreme in the West, while spirituality has its exclusive monopoly in the East.

This is a false and narrow outlook. Materialism and spirituality go hand in hand everywhere. It may be that Western materialism overloads ,and obscures its healthy and vigorous inner vein of spirituality, while on the other hand too much meditative, disor- ganized, half-illumined !Esthetic and idealistic spirituality looms large in the East.

The charge against Eastern peoples is that they are supersti- tious and unpractical. My answer is that superstition in one form or another is a cormnon weakness of human nature. Both the West and the East are practical in their own ways. Rather the people of the West are active and statesmanlike in habit, while those of the East are meditative and simple-minded.

Thus we must assert that the East and the West are united through the oneness of human nature and God, though we observe superficial diversity. In the creation of God there is unity amidst a variety of diversities. This is so because God is one, and all things in the universe have been created by Him and Him alone.

Therefore the efforts to establish the superiority of any portion of the human race over the; other are futile and unwholesome. Each people ought to examine themselves and study their own weakness with a view to improve on them. Constructive and progressive crit- icism is better tlian that which is destructive, fault-finding and ha- tred-producing. '

The perfect life has been shown by Christ-the Light of the world. Christ is not the monopoly of either the West or the East.

He is the Saviour of the whole human race, and His teaching for the whole of humanity is based on truth. Christ was not born among the white races of Europe, lest they monopolize Him, and deprive colored nations from receiving the message of salvation.

He was not born amongst the high caste Brhhmans of India, who degrade humanity by being proud of their own superiority to the exclusion of the lower classes. He also shunned the Pharisees and scribes of Palestine in order to save the Gentiles. He was born in ]3

the poor and humble family of a carpenter, in order to enrich the world spiritually. Though He was rich, yet for our sakes He became poor in order that we through His poverty might become rich. (2 Cor. 8: 9.) Christ was born in the East and His disciples carried the Light and the Gospel to the West which was enriched and blessed in every way through Christ. At this time the Western peoples are trying to preach Christ to the peoples of the East. In doing so they are simply repaying their debt to the East.

The religion of Christ is a dynamic and active force, and not merely static. Therefore churches all over the world that show no energy flowing out to enrich the world and its peoples in the work of evangelization, become dead. Churches must possess inner and eternal life and peace in Christ and must at the same time exert themselves to pass on this life and peace to the restless people around them. All praise is due to those churches that carryon the work of evangelization, and thus are kept alive. Surely none would prefer death to this blessed and healthy activity! This work is a matter of supreme duty and service, as enjoined by Christ on all Christians in the world. Therefore it behooves us to do our duty without any sense of pride and egotism. The best service is to do good to the world, by following Christ.

The East has contributed much to the West, and vice versa, so that they are inter-dependent on each other for existence and growth. Science, commerce and transportation bind them today more closely than ever, hence separation is quite unthinkable. Moreover the East and the Westl1re really twin children of the same universal Father-the Creator of the whole universe. They must continue to help each other. Through this course of action alone, we shall be doing the will of God, on earth, and fulfilling His purpose in our life.

Finally, the Word of God says, "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God. " Had there been life in the bread itself, then none would have died in the world, because everybody eats bread. Few have died from starvation, but all are seen to be dying, yet having sufficiency of bread. The same Word which is spirit and life (John 6: 63) who' has created bread for maintenance and nourishment of the body, can keep us alive for ever, even without material bread. If we live in that Spirit who is the source of all life, then we shall be led and enabled by the same Spirit to bring others to God.

As there is only one material sun giving light to both East and West, so there is only one" Sun of Righteousness," Who alone gives light and life to all in the East and the West. Walking in His light, we will reach our destination safely.

Appeal of Jesus Christ to

BY ROBERT A. HUME, D.D., AHMEDNAGAR, INDIA Missionary of the American Board, 1874 to 1926 WHEN Jesus was born the Orient, in the persons of the myste- rious magi, began to pay Him reverence and to lay before Him its most precious and characteristic gifts of gold, frank- • incense and myrrh. Mysteriously they came. Mysteriously they disappeared. Then for nineteen centuries the Orient seemed to have little connection with Jesus. But now to the surprise of the West the Orient is beginning again to seek Jesus and to lay before Him its characteristic gifts. In this reverential search India leads. A generation ago Keshab Chandar Sen, the leader of India's modern theistic movement, said "Jesus Christ, the greatest and truest benefactor of mankind, originated a mighty religious movement which has scattered the blessings of saving truth on untold nations and generations." And when in 1881 I called on Keshab in his home in Calcutta, he said to me, "The object of my life is to lead my countrymen to Christ. But I must do it in my own Oriental way." Then his lieutenant, Pratap Chandar Mozoomdar published an interpretation of Jesus, entitled "THE ORIENTAL CHRIST." Gradually, but growingly, many, many devout souls in India are increasing in expressed and in unexpected reverence for the Lord Jesus Christ. I indicate some of the grounds of Jesus' appeal to India today.

His way of living among men was the kind which, accordinl! to Indian ideas, should characterize a spiritual leader. The relig1.ous leaders of India have always been men of the simplest habits. without wife or comforts or possessions. Such was Jesus. This is one attraction of Jesus to every section of Indian society. The most influential Indian leader today is Mahatma Gandhi. The great majority of Indians know but little of what Gandhi says or does. But everyone knows that he has the very simplest habits. This is one reason why they revere him. Similarly every Indian's :first recognition of Jesus is of a most forceful saint, without family, without home, a' wanderer, who when He was crucified was stripped of His one seamless robe. To every Indian rich or poor, renunciation is an essential characteristic of any religious leader. In this respect Jesus is, to India, supreme.

A far more powerful appeal of .Tesus to India is His matchless nobility of character. Everything that any Indian reads or hears of Jesus convinces him that Jesus was supremely holy. Jesus' most powerful appeal to the Mohammedan is that the Koran teaches that of the five prophets of the Moslem faith, Jesus alone was a sinless prophet. To the Mohammedan, Mohammed's preeminence is not 15

holiness but that he was the last of the five prophets of Islam. Only Jesus was the sinless prophet. No Hindu questions that Jesus could rightly challenge His enemies by asking, "Which of you convicteth me of sin ~ " Jesus' unique sinlessness and supreme holiness consti- tute a most powerful appeal to Indians. With this personal holiness Jesus' tenderest compassion for the unholy makes Him doubly unique and supreme. India listens with awe to Jesus saying to a sad, ashamed woman taken in adultery, who the Jews thought should be stoned, "I do not condemn thee; go and sin no more. "

It is universally recognized that Indians are a very religious people. India is called the birthplace and home of religion. I once asked the most eminent political leader of a decade ago, the Hon. Gopal Krishna Gokbale, " Are you interested in religion 1" Instantly and truly he replied, "I am more interested in religion than I am in politics. " In general, religion is still the principal interest of Indians. The immense crowds that with intense discomfort ceaselessly move on foot, or by rail, for scores and hundreds of miles on pilgrimages to'distant shrines and sacred places, toil and gather, not to see at much expense, football games and athletic contests for an hour, but with religious aims. For a Mohammedan to have performed a most wearisome pilgrimage to Mecca is the highest honor. To have bathed in some sacred tank or river, or in a hurrying crowded stream of pilgrims to have had merely a passing glance at a renowned idol, is for tens of thousands of Hindus, reward enough for a long, selfdenying pilgrimage.

These myriad pilgrims, and multitudes who stay at home, are all seekers, seekers, seekers, after some vague'religious good, If after years of meditation one claims, like Gautama Buddha, 2500 years ago, to have found the secret of his long, long meditation, then he becomes the one famed Tathagata, i. e., the one who has attained his goal.

By contrast Jesus appeals to the devout Indian as one who never sought and never found the Unknown, but as the only One who was the Truth, who never appealed for authority to any teacher, or book or past, but who could calmly and truly ,say, "I am the Way, the Truth and the Life"; "I do always the 'things which please my Father." Such absolute religious consciousness and ceaseless life with God make a most powerful appeal to every devout Indian. Godconsciousness was Jesus' supreme characteristic.' It makes a tremendous appeal to the Indian.

Jesus' teaching makes a powerful appeal to Indians. His disciples always called Him "Master, Teacher," and He always spoke of His intimate followers as disciples. To all Indian Christians, and to many and many a devout Hindu, Jesus is now the supreme religious teacher and guide.

Three most characteristic words of Hinduism find in Jesus'

1927J TEE APPEAL OF JESUS CHRIST TO INDIA

teaching both support and enlargement. These three words are avatar, bhakti, and yoga.

Avatar means the descent and residence of the divine in some human or other form. Hinduism believes that there have been many such avatars. It is easy for a Hindu to believe that Jesus was one such descent and residence of the divine. Yet strange to say Indians believe that there is or is to come one avatar greater than any known to India. Jesus meets the Hindu's anticipation of such a greater avatar. Jesus makes the impression that He knows Himself to be One who is the supreme residence of God among men. The apostle John expressed it thus: "Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into His hands, and that He came forth from God and goeth unto God,' '-laid aside His garments and washed His disciples' feet.

Jesus supreme characteristic of God-consciousness makes on some devout Indians the impression that Jesus was and is the supreme avatar, the One in whom God descended and in whom God dwelt.

Bhakti is one of India's chief religious words. It includes faith, love, and devotion. Its meaning is also one of Jesus' chief teachings. By "faith" Jesus means not chiefly intellectual belief, but the trust of the heart. His emphasis on faith, love and devotion appeals to the Hindu. In every religion it is easy to be satisfied with the "What," without supreme emphasis on the "Whom" for the exercise of bhakti by the disciple. But the devout soul in every land and every faith is not satisfied with an intellectual formula, be it long Or short.

The soul craves and rests only in a satisfying Person. Jesus' emphatic call to all men to trustful relation with Himself appeals to the devout Hindu as a. true satisfaction to the soul. The wise Christian never asks an Indian to accept" Christianity." But with all his soul he desires and appeals to every Indian brother and sister to trust and to live by the priceless privilege of companionship with the Lord Jesus. To the Indian the word "Christianity" does not mean discipleship to Christ, but means only the religious ideas and practices of the West. But Jesus Christ as a commanding Person is attractive to the Indian. The Hindu Vice-Principal of Rajaram College in Kolhapur in a recent printed estimate of J eSllS cal1s Him" the greatest son of Asia," "the greatest spiritual architect of our race." Not mainly Jesus' teaching, but His Person appeals to thoughtful Hindus, and wins their adoration. Yoga is another chief word of Hinduism. It means union. The practice of yoga is supposed to secure union with the Infinite. Union with the divine is the highest desire of the Hindu. The highest attainment of yoga is when the yoga devotee loses consciousness of personality in desired union with the Eternal. This exaggerated Hindu conception of union with the Divine finds a great appeal from Jesus' teaching of union with Himself as the goal for His disciple. Intelligent, conscious union with Himself and union with Ris Divine ,2

Father is Jesus' highest, clearest call to men. His chief closing petition to His Father was "Father, as thou art in me, and I in thee, so may these be in us."

The New Testament teaches three services of Jesus for His disciples :-what He does for them; what He does in them; and what He does through them. In the West emphasis has long been focused on the first of these relations, what Jesus does for His disciples. Little emphasis has been given to what Jesus does in His disciples. To the Hindu what Jesus does for and through His disciples is only slightly appreciated. But what Jesus desires and offers to do in His disciples is most appealing to the Hindu. His soul responds to that as a true yoga, as true spiritual attainment.

One chief defect in Hinduism is its slight emphasis on the necessity for a religious man to be brotherly toward every other man. Compassion is more or less in every human being. Charity to the poor abounds in India. Often it is unwisely and injuriously practised, som~times in the hope of securing merit. But the iron system of caste which severs and limits social relations and which holds that even the touch or shadow of a low-caste man pollutes a high-caste man is now recognized by many as not religious, but inhuman.

And Jesus' summary of religion as requiring equally right relations to God and man appeals to Indians as noble and true. Jesus' words, "Thou shalt love the Lord, thy God, with all thy heart and with all thy soul and with all thy might; [and with all thy heart and with all thy soul and with all thy might] thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these" -is a very high appeal to India.

Jesus' consciousness of power, and His power over all men and over all difficulties is a mighty appeal to India. In the mouth of Jesus "All power has been given me in heaven and in earth" does not appear an excessive claim. "Soul-force" is to the Indian the greatest force. That "soul-force" is supreme power is the teaching of Gandhi. That Jesus' power was the might of soul-force makes a great appeal to the Indians.

The unexampled sacrifice of Jesus on the cross appeals to the devout Hindu as the supreme manifestation of the essential virtue of renunciation.

Finally a marvelous evidence of Jesus' appeal to India today is that not only do Indians revere Him, but that He is recognized as the moral standard for mankind. So the Hindu's severest and legitimate criticism of many things in the West, and of some who take the Christian name, is their failure to live up to Jesus' standard of life. Strange, yet legitimate, irony that nominally non-Christian India applies to imperfect Western social customs and to individuals their too common lack of loyal discipleship to Him Whom they profess to love as Lord and Master.

A DREAM OF NEW PERSIA PRESEN'rED IN A NATIONALIST

In a recent, colored lithograph, a Persian artist depicts his country as a WOman reclin- ing on tlw waters of the Gulf and leaning on the broad shoulders of the erect figure of His Ma.iesty, Riza Khan Pahlevi. The sun's light shines upon the national hero who is ready with drawn sword to defend the motherland. In the background are Cyrus, Zoroaster and other grea t figures of the past. It is significa nt that there is no Islamic prophet or symbol in the picture. Educated Persians arc now saying that their national greatness was pre-Islamic and that the Arab invasion caused the arrest and not the development of their civilization.

Persia Faces the Future* BY REV. SAMUEL M_ ZWEMER, D.D., F .R.G.S. Editor of The Moslem WorM P ERSIA, a land of over two million people, a land with great economic resources, an area of more than six hundred thousand square miles, and a people akin to those of Europe in language, culture and ideals, is facing the future. Our public libraries contain the record of her glorious past and inglorious decline. Archreologists tell us of the monuments that portray her ancient greatness and imperial conquests. Statesmen have traced her history and have tried to fathom the reason why a nation, once the mistress of all ,Vestern Asia, should have become the backward people of the Near East. Lord Curzon's monograph tells of the decline and fall of the Persian Empire. Morgan Shuster has pointed out that • Dr. and Mrs. Zwemer have recently returned to America after an extended tour :In Persia and MesopMamia..

19

in the present century the hand of foreign imperialism tried to strangle Persia, but the national spirit revived after the World War, and there was a struggle for constitutional freedom. Now a leader has been found and girt with a sword; a crown has been put on his head and under Shah Riza Khan Pahlevi Persia faces a new future. What Morgan Shuster failed to accomplish became "the American Task" under Dr. Millspaugh, who, as a wizard in finance, is admirably succeeding in untangling the economic mesh and setting a nation on its feet again.

Under the new government the highways are not only safe from robbers, but are being made safe for motor cars. The new Shah is a man of energy and bold leadership, with capacity for hard work. He is not skilled in letters, but can read men and apparently can read something of the future. To solve the urgent economic problem-namely, better roads and communications-a monopoly ()f tea and sugar (the two essentials of Persian life) has been introduced, a:Q.d all the proceeds, estimated at a million pounds sterling, have been ear-marked for railway construction. At present Persia has only one short railway from Tabriz to the shores of Lake Urumia and on to the Russian border. Now American engineers have been engaged to build a line from Mohammerah on the Persian Gulf to Resht on the Caspian Sea.

It is not, however, for these political and economic signs of promise that we call attention to the Persian horizon. There are more significant tokens of a new day. Persia faces a future, bright as the promises of God. This ancient Bible land, whose history holds so large a place in the Scriptures, and where one may still visit the graves of Esther and Mordecai, or read the inscriptions of Darius, is today an ideal Christian mission field-a door of hope in the world of Islam. Here we see an unrivaled example of comity and cooperation and Christian unity on the part of all the missions. Like other Moslem lands Persia is a difficult field, one that appeals to the heroic and that tests men's souls. But today, One hundred years after the first Protestant Christian mission was opened at Urumia, the whole land seems white unto harvest. Others have labored and the present small force of one hundred and sixty-two missionaries have entered into their labors.

During our recent visit to Persia last summer it was our rarfl privilege to witness the joy of harvest and to see marvellous evidence of the power of the Gospel in winning Moslems to Christ. Mrs. Zwemer and I left Cairo for Bagdad by the overland desert convoy on May 4th, and returned from Bagdad to Cairo in a little over twenty-four hours by the same route on August 12th. Between these dates we travelled four thousand one hundred and eightyfour miles on Persian soil, visiting everyone of the thirteen Protestant mission stations-except Meshed, Shira·z and Seistan.

PERSIA ~'ACES THE ~'U'l'URE

Conferences were held with the missionaries and Persian Ohristians in succession at Kermanshah, Ramadan, Tabriz, Urumia, Resht, Teheran, Isfahan, Yezd and Kerman. Then one whole week was given to a general conference at Teheran which was attended by representatives from every mission station and by Ohristian leaders representing the Armenian and Nestorian groups, as well as converts from Islam.

Public meetings were also arranged by the missionaries for Moslems, Parsees, Ohristians, for students at the colleges in Teheran and Isfahan, and, best of all, those inimitable Persian garden parties where one could meet converts individually and see the new joy of Ohrist shining in their faces. In some places we witnessed public baptisms as at Kermanshah, at Teheran and at Isfahan.

A MOSLEM MULLAH PREACHING IN A MOSQUE IN KERMAN Never shall we forget that memorable Sunday, July 4th, when twenty-two adults bravely uttered their Declaration of Independence from Islam and all its bondage. One by one these Moslems, twelve men and ten women, were solemnly baptised. They took their vows in St. Luke's Ohurch, before a large audience, of which the greater part were themselves Moslem converts. The native pastor who interrogated each candidate was himself formerly a Moslem and is today an apostle of Ohrist.

In our long and difficult itinerary was rare adventure indeed; mile after mile we travelled over roads that can only be described as atrocious. An Indian chauffeur drove us in a Buick car most of the way, but their conduct could not always have been truthfully described as Ohristian. 'rhe car, after many mishaps, got safely back in good repair to the Church Missionary Society College in

Isfahan and the chauffeur, after a grievous fall and two attempts at suicide, returned to His Father's home, by the long road of repentance.

One quotation from Mrs. Zwemer's diary must suffice as a description of our many varied experiences: May 21st., we left Ramadan for Tabriz-428 miles. It used to take seventeen days, but we did it in two long days of fifteen hours each. We B.pent the night at Zinjan, a very fanatical town where many Behais were cruelly put to death in years past. It also has skilled silversmiths who make wonderful filigree bags, rings, candlesticks and other articles. It seems a pity that such a large town with a population of kindly (although religiously fanatical) people should not be occupied by any mission. Zinjan is 5,546 feet above sea level. On the road we passed many fields with the opium poppy in full bloom, looking sweet and beautiful-flowers of white and pale lavender. What a parable! Such beauty, usefulness and destruction in these lovely blooms!

. We left Zinjan at five a. m. and drove all day reaching Tabriz at 9 : 30 p. m. The road was very bad for about four hours and then for two hours quite good, through a wonderful gorge. We soon left the good road and again bumped over fallen rocks and the usual camel-made roads: the peculiarity of the Persian roads is the method of digging a ditch across at quite frequent intervals in order to carry water to the fields below from some high level-a cheap way of irrigating, but decidedly hard on the car and its occupants. Our heads were the worse for wear before we reached Tabriz.

It was in Persia that we learned a new version of an old proverb: "Late to bed and early to rise makes a missionary healthy, and wealthy lmd wise." One medical missionary in charge of a large hospital spends two and a half hours daily in prayer and Bible-study-no wonder that his paper on "Spiritual Cooperation" read at the Teheran Oonference deeply moved us all.

What are some of our impressions and why do we believe that Persia faces a new future7 I. Occupation. The Oross of Ohrist is in the field. Noone doubts it and no one is ashamed of it. The work of evangelization has the right of way in mission policy. Education without evangelism is not dreamed of by anyone in Persia. The field is in some parts well occupied and the forces are well distributed. On the other hand, the missions are convinced that "Large sections of this field remain absolutely untouched as yet or are reached only by occasional itineration or colportage work. Such are the Moghan and Talesh districts near the Russian border, the province of Kham- 8eh, most of Kurdistan, all of Luristan, Khuzistan with its growing importance as an oil center, Mazanderan, with about a half a million people in a comparatively small area, the districts of Demghan and Shahrud along the Teheran-Meshed road, the districts of Asterabad, Bujnurd and Kuchan along the Turkestan border, and the whole southern coast from Mohammerah to the Baluchistan border with its seaport towns. In addition to these, are large nomadic tribes scattered all over Persia, comprising over a million souls. And

PERSIA FACES THE FUTURE

beyond the eastern border lies Afghanistan with an estimated population of 4,000,000, as yet waiting for the spread of the Gospel. Yet, this country is more closely related to Persia than to any other, through the wide use of the Persian language and will ultimately be occupied, at least in part, from Persia.

The All-Persian Missionary Conference recorded in its findings that unless the present staff of the missions is increased new societies should be invited to occupy certain neglected districts. The outlook is most hopeful. It was the unanimous judgment of the Conference that "to secure a reasonable occupation of Persia three new stations should be established: namely, at Zenjan to reach the 1,200 villages of the Khamseh district; at Barfurush to reach the populous province of Mazanderan; and at Bushire to reach THE "NE'V R U LE" IN P ERSIA Bishop Linton distributing literature in the Bakhtiari Country.

the ports along the southern coast. In addition to this a small force will be necessary to allow medico-evangelistic work through permanent residence among the larger nomadic tribes; and the stations near the Afghan border should be strengthened to permit speedy occupation of that country whenever possible. We believe that if the existing stations be adequately manned and these new stations be opened and properly staffed, the missionary force in Persia in cooperation with the Persian Church should be able under God to evangelize the whole country."

To evangelize the whole county-that is the practical issue. The whole country, now open and responsive should be evangelized before new and sinister forces exert greater power. Bolshevism is bidding for the heart of young Persia. At Resht and Tabriz and Teheran we saw Soviet schools where atheism and communism are

taught to lads and lasses whose parents still repeat" There is no god but Allah."

II. Cooperation. Over the platform in the college hall at Teheran, where our conference met, was a large map of Persia showing the mission stations as "little candles burning in the night" and over it were the words "All One in Christ ,Tesus." The old line drawn on the map was still there to mark the division of the Church Missionary Society field from that of the American Presbyterians in north and northwest Persia. But this line became only a historic landmark when in the fervor of love and perfect understanding, the slogan was adopted: "There is no 34th parallel." There is none on the map of the new' Christian Church and none in the hearts of the missionaries. Bishop Linton is large-hearted enough to open his bishopric to Presbyterians and his horizon includes all Persia. The American "bishops" are eager for close cooperation through organization, exchange of information, and close spiritual fellowship. It was a creative hour when the finding was adopted: We rejoice in and return thanks to God for the fine spirit of unity and harmony that now exists among the Christian forces in Persia, and it is our conviction that we should use every endeavor to keep the unity of the Spirit. We believe that there should be one undivided Church of Christ in Persia, and that it is a paramount privilege and duty of us all to work for the founding and growth of such a Persian Church. We commend the effort of the Hamadan Interch'llrch Conference of 1925 to set on fo.ot plans for bringing together this· church into closer organization by the establishment of a commission to study the subject and draw up plans to this end j and we urge upon all missionaries and Persian Christians to en- gage in earnest and united prayer during the coming year for God to lead this commission to lay the wisest foundations for the future unity of the Church of Christ in Persia. '

No wonder that the missions prosper when they can claim the promise of Psalm 13:3, as they can in Persia. We were not surprised that plans were laid for an Inter-Mission Committee, for an All- Persia Medical Missionary Association with a general annual report, and for a united program of Christian education and training.

III. Literature. Persian missions are still backward in providing suitable literature and have much to learn from other fields. In the presentation of the Message the appeal through "eye-gate" has been unaccountably neglected. Noone can over-estimate the work done by the pioneers in this task-Pfander, Tisdall, Potter, Rice and others, but their books have been more widely used outside of Persia than within. Both in the preparation and the distribution of Christian literature (except the Bible, which has been widely circulated) the missions are not keeping pace with the Moslem or Behai, or Bolshevist press. We collected over eighty different Moslem newspapers and magazines now in circulation. Some of these are well illustrated and come from a large native Persian press at Berlin. Tabriz and Teheran have scores of Moslem book-

PERSIA F'AOES THE FUTURE

shops where every kind of literature is on sale-in Arabic and Per- sian and French, even such as is anti-Ohristian. There is no Persian Christian paper, except a small monthly magazine for women pub- lished at Teheran.

The Missions expressed their great need for more tracts, book- lets, stories, biographies, primers on ethics, home-life, hygiene, and commentaries on the Bible. They are looking to America for help. With adequate financial backing and the setting apart of workers for literary effort the Inter-Mission Literature Oommittee, to be organil'1ed with headquarters at Teheran, faces a unique opportunity. The Persian language area stretches far beyond the political bound- aries of Iran into Afghanistan, India and Russian territory. The Persian Ohurch faces the future and needs immediately a shelf of Ohristian books, including a wider variety than the present meagre list of tracts and controversial pamphlets. Who will give the Per- sians an illustrated Bible dictionary, a concordance, a life of Jesus Ohrist, a history of the early martyrs and missionaries f How can we expect, the Ohurch to grow in grace when we do not help these Ohristians to grow in knowledge r I know of no need in the mission field that is more pressing than for Persian Ohristian literature. Samples of all existing Ohristian literature in this language make a pile fifteen inches high and can be bought for $7.50.

IV. Liberty. We found few restrictions in Persia and many evidences of a liberal spirit and a love for freedom. The mullahs are "on trek" and have folded their tents to find new pasture for their flocks. Those who have tasted of the new education refuse the old fodder of ignorant fanaticism and childish superstition. ,Vhile at Senman, where our car broke down, on the way to Meshed, we had opportunity to converse with Moslems of every type. This is the city where the late Mr. Esselstyn preached in the mosque and his life and words are still remembered. In a gathering of big-turbaned leaders they themselves suggested that we discuss the question "Why Mohammed is not the apostle of God." Such freedom of speech was typical of other occasions.

At present religious liberty is not proclaimed as enacted law. Islam is technically the state religion and the mullahs are still jealous of their old power and prestige. But there is far more freedom in Persia than in Turkey, and there is an awakened desire.for liberty in the hearts of the people. The freedom taken by the press in Persia has been so stattling and precocious that one is not surprised at its present limitations. The Word of God has for many decades had free course and been widely read by Persians. It is q~oted in their popular poems. Persian art depicts Christ and Mary and favorite scenes from the Gospel. One Persian woman in Resht after embroidering the portrait of Lenin and of the Shah, asked for Hoffman's picture of Jesus.

Dissatisfaction with the old Islam, especially its low ethical standards and ideals, is not only increasing but is freely, sometimes even loudly, expressed. Cartoons and caricatures in the comic press make fun of the mullahs and their ways. Many of those who have received secondary education have inwardly broken with Islam, and have broken finally, although they have not yet accepted the Christ. One of them said that real progress is impossible for Persia until the religion of Arabia has ceased to be the religion of the State. Another declared: "Our country has had three things imposed on us from without by the Arabs: a foreign government, a foreign language and a foreign religion. We have long been rid of the first, we are ridding ourselves of the second by purifying our language, but we have not yet got rid of the third."

"To get rid of all.religion"-that is the program of the emissaries from Moscow. Persia faces two futures. A future full of hope and joy and peace if she accepts again the Christ of God whose Church once had widespread dominion in her borders. Once there were bishoprics in Ray and Herat, Gilan, Yezd, Kerman and Isfahan and Shiraz; now there remain only remnants of this ancient heritage. If Persia now turns from Christ because His message and life are not speedily and adequately presented to her widely scattered population, if schools and hospitals, colporteurs and evangelists find no entrance into the great unoccupied centers, who will be to blame1 Persia faces the future. Dare we face the Christ unless we do all we can for Persia and do it now "!

Literature for

BY REV. MURRAY T. TITUS, MORADABAD, INDIA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church I. WHAT THE MOSLEM READS n! LTHOUGH there are scarce twelve million readers among the 240,000,000 Moslems (only five per cent), it is amazing how great an influence is exerted by the press over the followers of Mohammed from the Rio de Janiero to Manila Bay, and from Samarkand to Capetown. rl'he sun literally never sets on the world of Islam, and the whole twentyfour hours of every day witness sons and daughters of the "household of faith" who have learned to read and enjoy the varied output of its press. from Al-Keshkul (the Arabic Punch) to Al-Koran. SOME MOSLEM MAGAZINES IN ENGLISH One day while pacing the deck of a P. & O. steamer in the sultry neighborhood of Aden I caught sight of the title of an English book that was being eagerly devoured by an Indian Moslem fellow passenger dressed in Occidental mode. Finding a deck chair empty bv his side I sat down and we beg~n to discuss the opinions of H. G. Wells as set forth in the volume he had been reading, "Outlines of History."

My new acquaintance told me of his interest in the scientific literature of the West, in its philosophy and history as well as in French novels, and ended by asking if I thought" Main Street" gave a correct picture of the life of contemporary America. He expressed the opinion that the journalistic press of the Occident was altogether too much under the influence of capitalism and the liquor interests for it ever to become the serious champion of prohibition and the abolition of war. He was convinced that Turkey would one day show the world how beautifully Islam could be adjusted to modern conditions; and then-with a knowing look in his eye-Christianity would have to watch out! " Already," he said, "out scholars, Khwaja Kemal-ud-Din with his 'Sources of Christianity,' and 27

Maulana Mohammed Ali with his critical English translation of the Holy Koran are making a splendid start in showing up the inade- quacy of Christianity to meet the need of the race, and the value of the Koran as a sure guide for men in all the affairs or life."

This gentleman said that he was spending a few years in Cambridge and London in preparation for an administrative post in the Government of India, and in his spare moments was reading everything in English and Continental languages that he could get his hands on! It was clear, however, that he carefully avoided getting his hands on any real Christian literature-anything that would give him the true Christian viewpoint and perspective. He was as innocent of the works of Dr. Glover, and the interpretative volumes of the Student Christian Movement or the Association Press "as a Bedouin is of soap."

Turn now to another picture. It is the evening hour, and turbanned crowds are surging through the narrow, stiflingly hot streets of an Indian bazaar doing the daily marketing. Above the hum of voices rises the shrill cry of "Pai-ai-sa-a Akh-ba-ar" sung out by the ubiquitous newsboy who offers his Lahore Urdu daily for sale to the Moslem passers-by, who eagerly consume the telegrams that come from the ends of the earth. As they sit together in the coffeeshops they discuss1 the race question in South Africa, Britain and Turkey's Mosul oil squabble, the coming Caliphate conference in Mecca, Ibn Saud's management of the Hajj, and the widening breach between Hindus and Mohammedans in India itself.

Just before the call to evening prayer sounds from the minaret of the near-by mosque we note a little group of be-fezzed gentlemen gathered before a tiny Urdu-Arabic book-shop. As one stands by observing, a father asks. for a cheap edition of the Koran for his little son who is just learning to read; another purchases a copy of a prayer-manual compiled by a well-known sheikh, noted for his piety, which in one section contains prayers in Arabic with the Urdu translation written between the lines, together with the ninety and nine most beautiful names of Allah for repetition, while another section is replete with numerous prescriptions for charms! guaranteed to fulfil the desires of those who use them, though the reputation of the author is carefully guarded by the ironical use of the everpresent Islamic phrase, " in-sha-Allah "-if God will! Another of the group asks for a book of Sufi poetry; while a fourth chooses a copy of a cheap Urdu Novel-Kitab from an imposing pile that does sentry duty at the entrance.

Verily, the Moslem world is reading-vora.ciously devouring printed matter of all kinds in all the gamut of languages ranging from Chinese, Malay, Bengali, Persian and Arabic to German, French and English. 'l'he literature it reads is increasingly of the progressive type dealing with modern education, the uplift of women,

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR MOSLEMS

the removal of polygamy and the veil, and the spread of nationalistic ideas; it is also religious, that is, consciously Islamic, and tinged with a religious fervor, even in the daily papers, that is quite unknown to the dailies of Christendom. Mohammed is glorified, and the hope is solemnly expressed that Islam wiII one day be acknowledged as the religion of all mankind.

. II. THE MESSAGE OF THE CROSS FOR MOSLEMS In its contact with other faiths Christianity has found none with which the printed page has played so large and important a part as vd.th Islam. For many centuries practically the only contact with Moslem peoples that interested the people of Christendom was ruth- less warfare, and yet, as far back as 1530 the great scholar Erasmus expressed as his conviction what may well be taken as the expres- sion of the highest Christian strat- egy of the present day in dealing with Turks and other followers of the Prophet. This medieval writer declared, "The best way and most effectual to overcome and win the Turks would be if they shall per- ceive that thing which Christ taught and expressed in His life to shine in us. For truly it is not meet nor convenient to declare ourselves Christian men by this token if we kill very many, but rather if we Sa1)e very many . …. .

In my mind it were best before we shmdd try them in battle to af- tack with epistles and some little THE COVER OF A CHRISTIAN KHUTBA books." f:: A sermon tract printed. by the Nile Mis- Three hundred years elapsed before the Christian world began ~~r'i~!~8SC~r~~~r~n w~~e/~~~: S~f~~;d Moslems.

to take Erasmus seriously, and it is only within the last century that anything like adequate steps have been taken to meet the growing opportunity to provide Moslem readers of the world with literature from the Christian press. In this period two distinct types of litera- ture have been prepared for Moslems, one the frankly polemic or controversial; and the other non-controversial or expository.

The former was written by men of great ability and learning, such as Pfander, Rouse. and Talib-ud-Din, but it savored too much of the Crusader spirit, and frequently defeated the very ends it

sought to serve. In these latter days much of what the earlier apol- ogists wrote has had to be either discarded or revised to comport with the revised attitude of the present day, which seeks to deal no less frankly with Moslems, but with more tact and love.

Literature of today, reflecting the newer attitude of heart and mind of Christian missions to Moslems, seeks to appeal as never before to the heart of the reader by laying emphasis on the essen- tial truths of the Christian message, without unduly antagonizing him by straight thrusts at the weaknesses or objectionable features in the life of Mohammed and his religion. The singular confessions of a Moslem convert in Lahore make the value of this type of litera- ture apparent. He had been reading a tract on the sinlessness of Christ. and the beauty of His character. This led him to search the Koran by way of making a comparison between Mohammed and Christ. Here, also, he found, what came to him with the force of a nAW discovery, that even the Koran itself declares that Christ was without sin"while it distinctly states that Mohammed was a sinner, and that he prayed for the forgiveness of his sins! This discovery, he declares, led him to become an earnest student of the New Testa- ment, with the result that he finally became a devoted follower of Christ, and is today one of the leading Christian laymen of northern India.

Bishop Linton of P,ersia bears testimony to the value of some small tracts, prepared originally in North Africa, which he gave in the Persian translation to some of his friends. These bore such good fruit in the way of producing earnest enquirers, that he told thtl incident to a friend and expressed the opinion that if these tracts, prepared originally in Arabic in far-away North Africa, had been so used of God in Persia, it would seem that there was ample reason for gathering together a good selection of the most useful tracts in use in Egypt, translating them into English, and publishing them as a basic copy for translating into all the many languages of the Moslem world. The suggestion proved to be such a good one, that in less than six months after it had been made, a collection of some thirty tracts had been translated and printed in English by the enterprising superintendent of the Nile Mission Press, Cairo, under the suggestive title, "What God Hath Used." These have already been translated again and published in Urdu in India, and inquiry about them is constantly being made from other countries.

It is impossible to estimate fully the value of the printed page in furthering the cause of the Gospel among Moslems. The work of colporteurs who distribute and sell tens of thousands of copies of the Scriptures among them year after year; the work of native pastors and foreign missionaries who likewise sell and distribute countless pages of books and tracts prepared especially with the Moslem prejudices and difficulties in mind; the work of Bible women and women

evangelists in the harems, who carry gospel portions and tracts for the women who read to hide away and study "behind the veil," and become "secret disciples"; the thousands of Moslem boys and young men who study in Christian schools and colleges and are in daily attendance on the Bible classes-all these influences are at work to produce through the agency of the printed page a proper understanding and love for Christ that will one day burst forth into unrestrained praise of Him who alone is Lord of Life.

Perhaps the greatest need at present in the Moslem world is for good clean stories of adventure for young people, and high-grade periodical literature for children, youth, and women. Some attempts are being made to meet this but they are very inadequate. For the Arabic-speaking world the Occident and Orient, a bi-lingual journal, is published monthly in Cairo; while in India the Tt'easu,re Chest is likewise published monthly In English and several vernacular editions. But a fair commentary on the situation throughout the Moslem world is supplied by the following statement about the situation in North India which I wrote for the "Sur- vey of Christian Literature in EGYPT REACHES OUT FOR THE GOSPEL Moslem Lands" in 1922: In Lahore one Moslem Press issues a special paper for children and another for women. Both owe their existence to Christian inspiration, but both were started by a Moslem woman. While the material is prepared chiefly with the Moslem child or woman in mind, yet the character of the stories for children, and the articles for the wife and home are of such a high tone that many mission schools for girls in North India are regular subscribers!

All of this goes to show how great is the challenge to the Church to assist in providing the highest type of literature of tbis sort in what is an almost virgin field, where the voice of Christ may speak and be heard for the liberation of woman, and for the lifting of ideals among Moslem childhood and youth.

One of the most hopeful and helpful steps that has been taken for the production and circulation of the best types of Christian literature for Moslems, since the day Erasmus turned the attention of the Christian world to "a more excellent way" of attacking the Turks than that of 'using implements of warfare against them, was that taken in April, 1924, on the Mount of Olives by the Jerusalem Conference, which created a Central Literature Bureau with headquarters at Cairo. Although full effect has not been given to the proposal, still enough has been accomplished to warrant the judg-

ment that the aims for which it was established are sound, and that in due time the effect of its working and its impact on the Moslem world will make itself felt. The objects for which the Bureau was created, and for which support is sought are as follows: 1. "To assist among missions to Moslems throughout the world in the plans for coordination and cooperation between existing producers of litera- ture, in order to remove useless duplicati()n of effort.

2. "To promote production and authorship in each field, and the sharing by as mal).Y as possible of the productive energy found in anyone field.

3. "To promote plans for the better circulation of literature produced, whether in one field or between various fields."

Of all the objects, none seem to be more important than the latter, for it is amazing with what remarkable facility the Moslems have scattered themselves abroad in the earth, and a central bureau seems to be the only possible agency that could meet the need for supplying Arabic literature for the Moslems of New York and Madagascar, Gujerati and Urdu tracts for the Indian Moslems of South America and South Africa, besides books in Pushtu and Malay for the Afghan camel drivers and the Malay pearl-divers of Australia!

Missionaries to Moslems have ever felt the need for Christian literature. Henry Martyn had no sooner set foot in India than he began his preparation for the translation of the Bible into Urdu for Indian Moslems, and later paid with his life the cost of translating the Bible for Persian Moslems. Naturally this was the first literary work that had to be done in Moslem lands. But we are beyond that stage now in most countries of the Crescent. Everywhere Moslem minds are open for the reception of Christian truth that challenges the highest literary skill of writers to present Christ and His great sacrifice in a way that will quietly, but surely accomplish the work of redemption of one eighth of the human race from false and incomplete conceptions of God the Father, and Jesus the Saviour, who alone has power to give Moslems to drink of that water which will become, even in the midst of their arid plains of spiritual existence, springs of water "bubbling up unto eternal life."

EVANGELIZE Give us a watchword for the hour, The glad Evangel now proclaim A thrilling word, a word of power, 'fhrough all the earth, in Jesus' name. A battle-cry, a flaming breath This word is ringing through the That calls to conquest or to death. skies- A word to rouse the Church from rest Evangelize, Evangelize! To heed her Master's high behest. The call is given: Ye hosts arise, To dying men, a fallen race, Our watchword is, Evangelize! Make known the gift of Gospel grace. The world that now in darkness lies, Evangelize, Evangelize! -Sel.

A Modern Answer to an Ancient

BY REV. JOHN FERGUSON, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Lord's Day Alliance, New York State T HE ostrich is noted for speed but not for wisdom. With its head in the sand it sees no danger and therefore feels per- fectly secure. The present age is likewise noted for speed but not for wisdom. With its head in the sands of materialism it is oblivious to impending perils.

Speed and progress are not synonomous nor are they always coordinated. A father said to his son, "Where have you been today~" "Riding on the merry-go-round." "Where did you get to?" "Nowhere. " Much of our speed today is of the same kind.

One of the world's greatest leaders in finance has said, HOur moral and spiritual progress has not kept pace with our material and scientific achievements." He did not explain his statement, but few will question its accuracy. What is the reason f In former ages marked achievements in the material and scientific realms were events of generations or of centuries. In our day they follow in such rapid succession that they almost escape our knowledge. Never before in history have the energies of life, mental, physical and financial, been directed with such constant and intense application toward material and scientific achievement. Of course such application produces results, and we rightly rejoice in them.

But in the realm of the moral and the spiritual the years are not marked by great achievements. There have been movements; there has been progress; but where are the achievements1 The passing generation has been marked by one great movement which almost became an achievement, but it is seriously imperiled today because there has not been the application of the energies of life necessary to make it an achievement. The great Young People's Movement thrilled the heart of the Church two and three decades ago with its throbbing energy and life. That throb is not felt today to the same degree. Something has happened.

Two decades ago the Layman's Missionary Movement stirred the Church with the vision of its possibilities. It enlisted the energies of the men of the Church, challenged their devotion and gave them a clearer vision of their opportunities and responsibilities. Then was felt the throb of a mighty force ready to be directed into the channels of achievement. That throb is felt no more. Again, something has happened.

Both of these movements accomplished much but neither became a real achievement in the sense of becoming an established part of 33 3

the life of the Church and continuing to grow into greater useful- ness. The need for them is as great as ever, but that need is not being met. Many similar illustrations might be given to show that "our moral and spiritual progress is not keeping pace with ma- terial progress' '-because something has happened.

The accompanying chart reveals something of what has happened and gives" A Modern Answer to an Ancient Q1testion." This chart is the result of a two-year study of church attendance in New York state, outside of New York city, in the churches of nearly all the representative Protestant bodies. The chart represents a church auditorium, drawn to scale, to seat the members of the average church, using seven representative bodies as the basis of computation.

There were 987 churches included in the study where the attendance was actually counted, not estimated. These churches averaged 211 members per congregation for the entire state. Non-resident members are not included where church records list them separately. All the services recorded were in the morning, save in a very few churches where afternoon services were the chief, or only, services of the day. The squares on the chart represent the actual average attendance at those services, plus ten per cent to allow for those in some churches who do not go to church if they think their pastor is not going to speak, or who have not the courage to face vital problems. The smaller squares represent children. The actual average attendance was 52.8 persons, or 25'% of the membership of the average church in New York state. This indicates that in the average Protestant church in the Empire State three members out of every four are somewhere else than in the House of God on the average Sabbath morning.

The above figures have been questioned so often and have been found to be correct that there is no longer any reason to doubt their accuracy. Of course there are congregations that are exceptions, but they are on both sides of the account. More than two churches out of three have a membership numbering less than the average of 211, but those with the smaller membership usually have a higher percentage of attendance than the larger churches. One church with a reported membership of 550 had an attendance of 35 persons at the morning service, which is a little less than 7% of the membership. Audiences ranging from 10% to 20% were not infrequent, while those numbering four to twelve persons were disturbingly numerous. Those who attend Bible School and do not attend the church services are not included in these computations.

Exceptions on the other side were too few to offset the record made by the large number of small audiences. In one church with a membership of 520 there was an actual average attendance at the morning service for an entire year of 438 persons. In another

A MODERN ANSWER TO AN ANCIENT QUESTION

village with two churches each church had an average attendance throughout the year larger than its membership. One of these churches is in an up-state rural district, while the other village is on Long Island, the Sunday playground of New York city. These exceptions prove that the discouraging conditions of church attendance, as revealed by the chart and so widely experienced, need not be so even in these days. This brings us to the" Ancient Question."

When Nehemiah returned from Babylon, where he had been on affairs of state, he found that the ordinances of worship in Jerusalem had almost ceased; the sanctuary was deserted and the The Avergte Church on the Average sabbath Momina Ptoovidentiol ~ ~~ Other Reasons Reasons ~ ~ ~~ SundqyBusiness. 01d~ Sickness Cafinp,for 0 Sundw Autos The Sick o ~0 Sun~Headaclle Works of .Necessity 00181181181 181181000 Sund!!yVlsitina Summer Camps Weelt-endTrips Laziness Indifference Moral Lmd!J Radio Ww is the House ofGod J'orsaken'

people scattered. He went to those in authority and said in the earnestness of his soul, Ii Why is the H ouse of God forsaken?" He sought and found an answer to his own question which is most illuminating, as he gives it in Nehemiah 13: 15 and forward. The sum of this answer is stated in two words, "SABBATH DESECRATION."

That was the ancient answer. .

What is the "Modern Answer" to this same question ¥ Refer again to the chart, and note the results of a series of "Round Table Conferences" in which this very question was faced seriously by pastors and laymen. They are the answers gathered from the field.

Possibly others might be given under each heading, but these are sufficient to challenge attention.

The limits of this article will not permit the discussion of these

answers, but they are sufficiently explicit to speak for themselves. The chart, in the light of the above facts, reveals something of what has happened, and explains, in part at least, why it is that "our moral and spiritual progress has not kept pace with our material and scientific achievements." It shows that the energies of life are not applied to the moral and spiritual activities in the measure that is essential to achievement. If no greater measure of devotion of those energies were to be found in the school, the office, the shop, in business and professions, or even in our sports, than is being given today to the moral and spiritual things, we would not now be witnessing the marvels of achievement in these material and intellectual realms. Instead we find that for five and six days in the week with most people, and seven days with many, the energies of life are devoted with almost feverish intensity to material things; but when the day comes which God has set apart for moral and spiritual development the great majority of the peopIe, even of the members of the Church, not only do not so apply their energies to the mor,al and spiritual, but actually dissipate them by devotion to the trivial and the commonplace. Many of these things actually war against the moral and the spiritual. God is left out of the count, and the sense of moral accountability is lost. We reap what we sow.

These church surveys show that, in communities where the Sabbath is most honored, there is the highest average of church attendance, and where the Sabbath desecration is pronounced the average attendance is lowest. In one community where there Was a marked absence oisuch desecration the average attendance at morning worship was more than 25'% of the whole population, which certainly is not too huge. In other communities where Sunday business, commercialized Sunday sports and amusements and other forms of Sabbath desecration prevailed, church attendance was under 10% of the Protestant population. These two things do not harmonize.

A little lad whose grandmother had been taking him with her to prayer-meeting was taken one night by his father to a circus. When he reached home that night he ran to his grandmother and said, "Oh grandma, if you'd just go to a circus once you'd never care to go to prayer-meeting any more." The verdict was a bit extreme but the principle was recognized-with most folks a prayermeeting can not compete with a circus.

If schools, factories and business enterprises had to meet such competition with the same antagonisms and opposition and no more of public cooperation and support than is received by the Bible School and the Church they would come far short of the present notable achievements in the material and scientific realms. With the "pull" away from the Church capitalized by law, the safe-guarding laws violated and ignored by commercial interests and flouted

by too many judges on the bench, with the lures of pleasure and indulgence paraded before the people in all their gaudy enticements as they are today, it is little wonder that the moral and spiritual agencies find themselves handicapped in the race.

When the energies of life are applied with the same zeal and intensity to the moral and spiritual interests of life on the Sabbath as they are on the other six days of the week to the material and the scientific interests, we shall find our "moral and spiritual achievements keeping the pace with the material and scientific." Otherwise we shall find our boasted achievements becoming "apples of Sodom," broken and valueless in our hands because we have lost our moral poise and spiritual control, and shall find ourselves adrift on the current of a decadent civilization.

The thing that has happened is, there has been a drift away from the House of God and from the Word of God. The" MODERN ANSWER TO THE ANCIENT QUESTION" is the ancient answer in a modern setting, "SABBATH DESECRATION." In no age or nation can a triumphant church be builded upon the ruins of the HOLY SABBATH.

The Two Covenants The Old The New Law Grace Works Faith Sacrifice Changed SerVice Circumcision to Baptism Passover Lord's Supper 7th DaySab. IstDaySab.

Wica.l ….. ~cmoriaf ljJa.uover 7/bj)'!Y"Creatian.- iJeat.D I l1iJa,J-i?esurrection.-.£i!6 i IIillllllllllllllll 11111I1111111

Purity Tracts in

BY A. T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT SOME months ago a gift of one hundred dollars was sent to Egypt to publish and distribute certain Gospel Purity leaflets up and down the Nile Valley. No time was lost in putting the money to work. First 800 booklets were purchased from the Nile Mission Press on the subject of "Young Men's Problems." One copy was sent to every member of the Alliance of Honour throughout the Nile Valley. These are young men who have, during the past year, pledged themselves "in the name of and by the help of the Lord Jesus Christ" to overcome the world, the flesh and the devil and to do what they can for the rescue of their fellow-men.

Next a four-page leaflet was printed, entitled "Impurity Forbidden in th!') Three Religions," of which our stock had become exhausted. A third leaflet was chosen, the English equivalent of the title being, "An Ounce of Caution Is Worth a Ton of Cure." The idea is that a fence at the top of a cliff is far better for the saving of life than an ambulance at the bottom. Of each of the last two tracts an edition of 25,000 was printed so that the total number of leaflets produced was 50,800 copies for $100.

Now comes the thrilling part, that of distribution. There are slow ways and stirring ways of warning men to flee from the wrath to come and to come back to God to have their sins forgiven. Openair meetings are forbidden in Egypt but we can preach if we do so according to law. The police regulations are (1) not to excite the people in any quiet quarter, (2) not to revile their religion, (3) to keep moving so as not to collect unruly crowds.

Last Thursday night I started, at first alone, but afterwards was joined by Gohar Effendi (a Milton Stewart evangelist of the American Mission) and Mr. Norton, an earnest American missionary. Before five minutes were passed we had a small crowd around us, for an Englishman in a tarbush (fez) is a somewhat rare sight, while an Englishman unarmed in the midst of a crowd of Egyptians is still more rare. What astonishes the military police is the fact that the men who throng round us, and who appear to the police at first sight to be tearing us to pieces, are not in the least angry but all are more or less smiling and are so impatient to get these leaflets that they fall over one another in trying to get them out of our pockets.

Once during the evening I passed into a cafe run by criminals known to the police, sat down by their harmonium and politely waited for their "turn" to end. Then giving a piastre to the proprietor I hired the right to stand in the cafe to speak for five minutes. This was not against police regulations for I was not in the street. The 38 crowd that gathered were not in a public street but in a brothel lane, so bad a lane that when the police guard marches through they generally come in squads of five for mutual protection.

For five minutes I shouted an extemporized address at the top of my voice to overcome the interruptions of sundry individuals who make their living out of sin. During the address my colleagues were distributing tracts around the edge of our small crowd.

Passing into another street, we were almost mobbed by a crowd of forty young men, most of whom appeared to be of the student type from fourteen to twenty-four years of age. They followed close on our heels and the only way to escape was to turn back suddenly and go through the middle of them.

We went through street after street for about a couple of hours, then we sat down on a street bench, put our heads close together and earnestly prayed for God to bless every message given. On counting up we found that 750 Arabic messages had been eagerly taken, the men clamoring for them long after the last one had disappeared.

The same leaflets are being distributed in Alexandria, Port Said, Mansura, Damanhour, Tanta, Beni Suef, Minia, Assiut and other towns so that the 50,000 will soon be gone. Who can say what will be the harvest from the sowing of this seed 7 Handicaps of a Missionary Wife BY ONE WHO HAS EXPERIENCED THEM l X lE work under one of the best organized, most efficient V V churches in America, and as liberal as the average Prot- estant church with its workers. The Board is as keen as any for the comfort of its missionaries. It is desirous of getting men and women who must be supported by church funds, thus discouraging honorary workers. Its workers are not allowed to take remuner- . ation above their salary for any work done outside of the mission.

My fellow workers come from middle class people, many of them from the farm, and have put themselves through college. The majority have experienced financial difficulties in youth and have largely made their own way. All this goes to produce a type of missionary who is inured to hardship and able to live frugal1ymost excellent qualifications for missionaries.

On the other hand this type might best be described as those who relish a bit of penance, although they are farthest from Roman Catholics. They rather glory in their ability to get along on little, in minimizing their hardships. In seeing things for which to be thankful they outdo Pollyanna herself. This most certainly is the stuff out of which to make pioneers whether in new fields or old.

There is a grave danger however in this type of mind. They

get so used to doing without conveniences and with out-of-date ap- pliances and equipment that they not infrequently fail to keep abreast of the times not only of the West but even of the very East where they live. In their devotion to the principle of plain living and high thinking they turn with disdain from luxuries and often from the comforts of life which would add perceptibly to their efficiency. They are so eager to use every cent for their beloved work that they are sometimes guilty of working in unsanitary conditions. They often feel compelled to walk in the tropical heat becanse there is no allowance for Ford or a carriage, and in some cases not enough even for street car or donkey.

This may sound very ideal in these days of a luxury loving generation bnt it is not unadulterated excellency. It is decidedly bad for the work and the workers in many instances and for the home church'in others. When one's mind is filled with the necessity of having to practice continually the most extreme economy, not only in work but in personal affairs, the mind is so encumbered that one cannot do his best work.' The missionary is sometimes underfed and is unable to take any adequate rest from his work, because of the prohibitive cost of.travel. He is unable to buy books and magazines needed to keep abreast of the times. He endeavors to "carry ori" but too often this means "marking time." In these days of big movements in the foreign field he is incapacitated to take the lead which he should take and which the natives of almost any E'astern land are anxious for a strong leader to take. Many excellent missionaries get so accustomed to their fate that they settle down to be leaders of small groups, instead of arousing the Church at home to its possibilities.

Every missionary should be a statesman, in the best sense of the word. This requires, among other things, an adequate budget and the ability to use it. There are missionaries who think it a virtue to turn money back to the home church. When I came to our field I was confronted with the fact that the wives of the mission were expected to keep their homes, rear their children, if they hap· pened to have any, in the fear and admonition of the Lord amid all the hellish surroundings of a non-Christian land, keep open house for natives and missionaries alike, master a foreign lang'uage and to do any job in the mission that no one else wanted-all without any resources whatsoever except the family allowance. Missionary wives are" just asterisks," as a friend of mine calls them, becausi1 they are not of sufficient importance to appear even on the mission roll. The men with wives are marked with a star-indicating "married. "

We live in a capital city with about a million population. It is the metropolis not only of the country but of the neighboring countries as well. It is a fashionable and cosmopolitan center and is a favorite

HANDICAPS OF A MISSIONARY WIFE

resort for tourists from the West. This all makes the cost of living high.

Our salary is $1,700 per annum with house rent free. We have one child for whom our Board makes an allowance of $100 a year while the child is under 11, after that it is $250 a year, till the child reaches 21, when the allowance ceases. When we subtract our tithe, 170 dollars, and another $170 which we pay yearly on insurance policies the amount left for living expenses is $1,360.

This makes an average income per month of $113.33, exclusive of the child's allowance, $150 of which goes for tuition and books in an American school. As the child is under ten the allowance lacks $50 of being sufficient for tuition and books. After the child has passed eleven years, there will be $100 left for clothes and other expenses, unless the price of tuition increases.

My monthly balance sheet shows the following expenditures which represent the average for six consecutive months the past year.

Food·and laundry ………………………….. . $55.44 Milk ……………………………………… . 6.33 Electricity …………………. : ……………. . 3.55 Service …………………………………… . 20.00 Dry goods ………………………………… . 17.73 Repairs and replenishing …………………….. . 2.88 Drugs …… :-……………………………… . .40 Post …………………………………….. . 1.58 Miscellaneous ……………………………… . 3.23 $111.14 The miscellaneous column contains a bill of $3.75 for sewingthe total outside help in six months. It also includes one pair of shoes bought in six months. The dry goods item includes all my own clothes for years. My husband still wears a pair of shoes for best which he bought in 1912. I vowed when I. came to the foreign field that I would follow the advice of the "Lady of the Decoration" and try to keep within hailing distance of the fashions. This necessitates much remodeling of clothes but even then I cannot possibly help looking passee.

The difference between our average monthly income, $113.33, and the expenditures, $111.14, is $2.19. This sum has to buy part of my husband's clothes and help run our Ford, given by friends at home. Owing to inadequate funds, we are allowed only a garage and $75 a year for the expense of our Ford when used in mission work. Fortunately gasoline has come down from $3.15 to $2.00 per tin within the last two years.

In order to reduce our living expenses, I tried to do my own cooking, but as I had a young boy to clean the house to whom I paid $7.50 a month and as the sub-tropical climate is so enervating and

as our houses have such primitive kitchens it seemed a misguided use of one's time and strength not to add enough to $7.50 to get a man to cook and to clean. This set me free to devote my spare time to work among women.

There remains only one way to reduce expenses materially and that is by disregarding the scriptural injunction to "be given to hospitality." Many young American men and women are teaching in our mission or are employed in business or government schools and it seems wrong to shut one's door to them. But hard as that would be it does not cut to the quick as does the necessity of refusing the grace of hospitality to native friends. Consequently it has been our custom to shut our eyes to the cost and to keep open house for the young people of all nationalities who come our way. What matter if the cotton covers for our box divans are faded and threadbare and carpets are in similar condition long before the end of our seven years' term f It is compensation enough to be told by the young folks that our house is known to be open to them at all times, and to feel that this is appreciated.

Difficult as it is to make ends meet, and though much energy is thereby consumed, we would not worry were it not for our daughter's future education. The $250 a year allowed until she is twentyone will not go very far toward her college expenses. The last Guide Book for Foreign Students in the United States put out by the Institute of International Education gives much valuable information concerning all phases of higher education in the United States. In the chapter on Living Conditions, the following table of expenses is given for universities in various sections of the country: EAST MIDDLE WEST WEST SOUTH University University University University University of of of of of Cornell Minnesota Illinois California Washington Virginia R{)om $200 • • • • • • • • 0.0 •• $85 $108 $130 $90 $115 Board ••••••• _0 •••• 400 225 260 300 243 250 Tuition ………… 300 Incidentals …….. 180 70 75 150 150 200 253 175 230 198 45 T()tal ……… $1,080 $633 $618 $810 $681 $640 These facts show why the mission family is faced with a period of separation. It is a not uncommon program for the mother to go home for a period of several years while her children are being educated. The father goes through a period of forlorn grass-widowerhood. This condition which Christian people would condemn for anyone else at home is condoned by practically all mission boards and churches as being necessary for missionaries. It would not be necessary if the missionary's salary were sufficient or if the child's allowance were enough to provide for board at a good college or university. Is this situation right ¥

Anti-Christian Agitation in South

w. H. OLDFIELD, WUOHOW-K1WANGSI, CHINA Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, 1904- T HE unrest and agitation in China, which has been sweeping through the land with relentless force, has, in recent months, turned against the Christian Church, and missionaries and Chinese Christians alike have been called to suffer. Sometimes even life itself has been threatened. Such an experience recently befell a Chinese Christian in the city of K weilin.

On March 12, 1926, the students in Kweilin, a large educational center, met to commemorate the anniversary of the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. About one thousand students paraded the city, carrying banners and streamers on which were written Bolshevistic slogans of a revolutionary nature. After parading the city, the crowd marched into the Baptist mission compound. Here the parading students cried out, "Down with imperialism! Destroy the Christian Church!" The Christian girls were called by name, saying that they were the dogs of the foreigners. Some were even pelted with stones.

The missionaries were cursed to their faces, but, remembering "when He was reviled He reviled not again," they patiently bore the in- sult.

One Chinese Christian, however, seems to have been less patient, and he was set on bv the mob who struck him with their fists and with stones and bri~k-bats, cutti~g an ugly gash from which the blood spurted profusely. The man was then bound with ropes and, with blood streaming down his face, was led off to the city square where he was tied to a post amid the hoots and jeers of the frenzied throng. Meanwhile, the authorities had been notified, and were urged to rescue the unfortunate captive, but were either powerless or afraid to interfere. After hours of insult and suffering, gradually the mocking crowd began to disperse, and, when the throng had de- creased, soldiers came and rescued the prisoner. The man was taken to the Yamen where he was kept all night. The crowd considered this was interfering with their rights, and soon the rabble again as- sembled. Going to the Yamen, they demanded the prisoner. This demand was complied with, and the unfortunate victim, with face swollen and hair dishevelled, was once more given over to the mob.

He was bound, and, with his accusation written on paper and fas- tened to his back, he was led through the streets by the howling mob, like a criminal being led to execution. As he was hustled along the streets, his tormentors called out to the people en route, "Come see the way we treat the Christians, and the way we will deal with the others." When, because of fatigue, he lagged in his gait, he was <l3 '

kicked and pounded and made to walk faster. He was again taken to the city square where he was once more tied to the post. Strings of fire-crackers were then secured-and set off at his feet, the sparks flying in his face and burning his skin. Some of the crowd wanted to burn him, while others suggested branding irons. Finally it was decided to tattoo him on the cheeks with the two words "Foreign slave. " This was done by the use of needles. After the tattooing was completed, he was released as a marked man. Where he is now, we do not know. The last we heard of him he had called at one of our mission stations where one of our missionaries had dressed his swollen forehead. He also succeeded in scraping away the tattoo marks until they were hardly visible, and was hoping to reach some distant friends where he could find· shelter.

Prayer is greatly needed that the Christians, who are passing through the fierce fires of affliction, may prove true in the crisis.

Liuchow also (another C. and M. A. station) has been passing through the fire for about a month. When the report of the anti- Christian movement in Kweilin and the beating and branding of the Christian business man reached Liuchow, it struck terror to our little band. The thought of the three-days' sufferings that this man endured, with the innumerable insults that were heaped upon him as he was led bound through the streets of the city, filled many hearts with fear. Some said they were willing to die for the Gospel, but to have to endure such prolonged sufferings and insults was more than flesh could stand.

To make matters worse, agitators from Wuchow arrived to organize the masses into an anti-foreign and anti-Christian movement with the avowed intention of driving the missionaries out of the province, and compelling the Christians to recant. Posters were issued and pasted all over the city vilifying the Christian Church as an imperialistic institution, organized to usurp China's sovereignty, and saying that the good works of the missionaries were just to blind the eyes of the simple. Other posters contained pictures showing the missionary with an open Bible to which a host of converts were chained and were being dragged into the Church. Would that all were so bound to the Word of God that they would hold steady against the storm of opposition that is sweeping over China today! Other pictures were directed against the present Chinese Government, and the masses were urged to rise il} a body and overthrow the Government, to drive out all foreigners, to exterminate the Christian Church and to establish the nationalistic and communistic government. Small posters containing the words "The inmates of this house oppose Christianity" were pasted on the doors of nearly every heathen home in the city. Students, in small groups of six or eight, went from house to house and urged the people to permit them to paste these notices on the doors. Many inmates, rather than have

ANTI-.CHRISTIAN AGITATION IN SOUTH CHINA

a fuss, permitted the notices to be pasted up, though in many cases they were torn down as soon as the students had gone away. Some, friendly to us, permitted the notices to remain rather than run the risk of having trouble with the students.

The names of the Christians were also taken down by the students, and threats made that they would be treated with violence unless they left the Church. First, all foreigners were to be isolated, and, as there are no other foreigners in this city, the brunt of the agitation fell on us. Our helpers were ordered to leave us, our water supply was to be cut off and we were to be starved out. Men were selected to attend our services to interrupt the meetings, and then both chapel and residence were to be forcibly t!lken from UE! and used as headquarters for the Bolshevistic element and an anti- Christian school! Agents of the anti-Christian movement came into our premises and spent hours trying to intimidate the Christians who are living with us.

The outbreak was to come the next day, and we were to be roped up and shamefully treated. The agitators said that if we locked our doors, the crowd would scale the walls and drag us out. Some stated that the ears of the Christians were to be cut off. This so frightened many that they feared to attend services or to associate with us lest it bring them into trouble, but Christians, at night under cover of darkness, came to see how we were faring. Messengers came repeatedly to warn us of the danger. We told them that we would stand our ground, come what might. We would not try to defend ourselves against the mob, but would commit our way unto the Lord, and trust the Lord to bring deliverance.

The climax was reached on Sunday, May 9th, the day that commemorates the acceptance by China of the Japanese Twenty-One Demands. The government schools planned a demonstration consisting of parades, speeches, propaganda, etc. We took little notice of it, however, as we naturally thought all the agitation would be directed against Japan. As it neared noon, we were sitting in our study when two Chinese officials called. One represented the head military official of the city, and the other a high officer of the police court. The officers said they had called to inform us that there was a demonstration in progress, but that we need not fear as no violence would be resorted to against us. We were stiUtalking when the sound of martial airs reached our ears, fOllowed in a few moments by the loud yells of the demonstrators. Our conversation ended abruptly, and all went to the verandah overlooking the street to see what was taking place. The street was crowded with students marching, while on either side was the usual crowd of hangers-on. Here and there among the students were men carrying pieces of paper on which were written slogans. As the leader called out, his followers took up the strain, and, in savage yells, shouted at the top of their voices, "Over-

throw imperialism! Down with the Christian Church! Out with the foreigners," etc. We smilingly gazed on the crowd, but the sight of several foreigners only seemed to add to the excitement, and the crowd yelled the harder. Some of the leaders tried to increase the hubbub by jumping, shouting and waving their arms. At the same time, many different kinds of posters were pasted on the walls. When the procession had passed I opened the front doors wide and spoke kindly to the rabble that surged around us. Everybody was surprised that we took the matter so calmly.

Presently the demonstrators reached the street chapel where service was just closing. Here it was reported that our place had been looted, furniture destroyed, and that some of the missionaries had been tied up and carried off. One Christian woman quickly hid her Bible so that no one would know she was a church member. The church treasurer stopped counting the collection, shoved all the money into a bag and quickly left the building, while others of the Christians hastily started for our dwelling to see what had really taken place: Presently other Christians came running in and all were surprised to find that we were well and that there had been no outbreak at all.

Later we learned that, unknown to us, when the demonstrators were assembled, the city officials had sent policemen to guard the two small entrances that led to our dwelling, and the officers were on duty when the demonstrators came along, so apart from jumping and yelling, nothing serious occurred.

Passersby were heard to remark, as they walked along the street, "Today Christ has been victorious." Yes, praise God, Christ was victorious, and we believe He will enable us to outride the storm and come off more than conquerors.

During the past month of trial some of the Christians have kept indoors and have not attended services lest it increase their persecution. One man even burned his Bible publicly in an attempt to ward off what seemed to be to him unendurable suffering, but others, praise God, have stood true, and have been willing to go through the fire for the sake of the Master. For these latter we thank God and take courage, and pray that the trembling ones may yet be brought to a place of true repentance and be wiIIing, if need be, to lay down their lives for Christ's sake, that they may find them in life eterna1. The storm is breaking all around us. Discordant ,rumors fill the air, but, louder than the discordant notes, we hear the voice of our present Master calling encouragingly to us, "Fear not little flock, it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the Kingdom."

Idols at Ka Ri Bong*

BY MARION E. HARTNE&"

KA RI BONO is a Korean town of about seventy homes, eight miles from Seoul; thither we carried food when we heard that the people were starv- . ing after the summer floods. A week after our first visit, seven of the vIllagers came to say that five families of thirty-five persons had decided to become Christians. Would the foreign woman and some others come to teach them the Jesus doctrine. They were drawing up a petition, with all their seals added, asking that the foreign woman would please come. They promised to furnish a room for the services, one for the foreigner, and to destroy the things they had been worshiping if we would but come.

Last week we went with one church leader, three elders, one colporteur, one Bible WOman and two deacons. We took our own food, the Koreans tak- ing millet, which "as mostly used in feeding those who had not eaten for a day, other familiEs having been added to the number of starving after our first survey was made. Unfortunately these had not been reported to us, so help was later ill reaching them. It is hard to write in words all that hap- pened that day. They said that seventeen families were ready to make a stand for Christ, and that all who had articles of heathen worship would destroy them at once.

That day of the defeat of the gods was really a dramatic scene. The group in the courtyard, the man and wife in the doorway. One man who had been sick for six months and had set up spirit worship, brought out his former god in a large black box covered with dust. Opened, it revealed a suit of clothes for the spirit to wear, a broken kettle of beans, a money gourd in which a few coppers had been collected towards having a "koot" (the sorceress's performance). We told the man to wear the clothes, I took the gourd, and then the oldest elder put his foot down on the box, utterly smashing it. The men stood with bared heads while we sang a hymn and prayed. One house had some bits of dirty rag stuck inLo the rafters of the porch and a placard over the door to represent its spirit. The placard lettered in red is believed to be the seal of the evil spirit which controls the house and never allows another spirit to enter. About half the homes of the newly converted had been destroyed in the flood and the impote.'J.t idols swept away. No new onES had been set up.

At the far end of the village was a ~lean well, the best in the village. The woman who lived next to it had worsLipped it for three years. She kept it carefully covered and would let no ont wash there or drink of it. Anyone who dared stand near the well was severely berated. Every morning she dipped out two bowls full of the water, put, them on a stand in the one little room of her home, and prayed to them We sat in the little room, saw her take out the bowls and throwaway the water. Later we saw the well opened and the neighbors asked to use i.t. That night the devil entered into her, the Koreans say and when we vislted her the next day she was the angriest woman I eve~ saw. RigiCl and tense, with jaws set, her face a flaming red, she stood and said that she was going on with her spirit worship. We found that she had set up her water bowl in the kitchen and would let no one touch the well. Her husband, however, was determined that spirit worship should • From The Korea Mission. FieldJ Seoul, 1926.

47

cease in his house. They had a spirit tree behind the house which had also been worshipped for three years. This the man consented to destroy, but the woman became so violent at the suggestion that, fearing for the life of the man of the house, the church leader said to him, ' , We do not command you to cut down the tree. We only ask whether it violates your conscience to have it there. If so, it should go. You must act only as you feel led by your new relationship to Christ."

Quietly the man rose and went out to get his axe and saw. Did you ever see a spirit tree cut down ~ I wonder if such a thing has happened before in our territory. Picture the little man steadily sawing away at its base, the elders holding ropes to guide its fall so that it would not crush the little house, the fearful villagers, and the woman reviling us in language which no one translated to me except the phrase, "May you be torn to pieces!" The tree fell, the men came down and washed their hands at the well, urging the villagers to use the water freely. They said that they would gladly do so, but asked that we come out once a week to see that- the old virago kept it open. She had been a mild, sweet woman till she took up the well worship and that she must be possessed of an evil spirit. She was beside herself with fear lest the devil take revenge on her, but when twenty-four hours passed with no ill effects she became quiet.

The wife in another home refused at first to let her husband destroy the spirit box, but after another long talk with him, she, too, brought out the black box containing the clothing and hat for the spirit. The man said that he had suffered for ten years with pain in one leg and six months ago had it amputated at Severance Hospital. There he first heard of Christ and now made his stand.

Last of all we went over the hill to the home of a sorceress. She had died two days before and we were told that in her last hours she called on the name of Jesus and said she believed in Him. Her son was one of the converts and asked us to take away the implements of sorcery. No one in the village dared touch them for fear of the spirit. She had made a poor .living at her business and her home was one of the poorest we entered. Her clothing and fan had been buried with her but her sword and cymbals were given to me. We told the boy to eat the offerings of grain set out in array in the cupboard. His hunger was strong enough to overcome any fear of evil spirit results.

Twenty families of over one hundred members made a definite stand for Christ. The majority of them are adults, not children. The room given for the services was crowded with women, the porch and courtyard with mtn and boys, a quiet, earnest audience. On Sunday we sent an elder there to conduct the services and over one hundred people gathered both morning and evening. Next Sunday they will begin a children's Sunday-school. After the morning service they sent two over to the Yang Pyeng Ni church with fifty-seven sen, the first offering taken at their first Sunday service i One of our leading Korean evangelists said, after hearing the story, "It is greater than any revival ever before experienced in Korea." Is it the answer to our prayers for a spiritual awakening this year' Pray that the way may be opened for this work to continue until Christians are established in the faith and that, in other places where hearts have been opened, the seed may be sown and a harvest gathered for Chdst.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBER(} BLDG., PHILADELPHIA

A CHURCH ON WHEELS* sition to advertise its presence, and REPOR.TED BY THE REV. W. J. VINCEN'r proceeds to placard the community with posters announcing the time of In the Diocese of Michigan, an ex- services, preceded by a radio concert. periment is being made, with pronounced success, to reach the isolate:l The interested group which usually rural sections by means of a "Church gathers is invited to inspect the van, on Wheels." This is a specially con- and its purpose is explained. During the concert, service-leaflets are disstructed chapel-van, fitted on a truck tributed. If possible, an organist is chassis, and is modeled after the gen- secured. Failing in this, the victrola eral plan of the chapel-cars of the is connected with the amplifier, and Church Army in England. records provide music fm the hymns printed on the service leaflet. The van is equipped with an altar and sacred vessels, a miniature stone By arrangement with St. Paul's font carved and given by the father Cathedral, Detroit, the missionary reof the first child baptized in the van, ceives advance notice of the hymns a portable organ, a victrola with to be used at the Cathedral services church hymn records, and a radio. broadcast by radio so that by tuning The seats, which run lengthwise in- in on Sundays, a rural congregation side the van, are hinged, and serve assembled at the van is enabled to the double purpose of seating small congregations for inside services, and join in the Cathedral song services. beds for the missionaries. Beneath Following each service, notice is these seats is storage space for bed- given of a Communion Service to be ding and personal belongings. A held next morning, and it is surpriswash-room and a cook-stove, which ing how many Episcopalians, isolated, also provides heat as required, com- neglected, but hungering for the min- istry of their Church, come to receive plete the equipment. The van is constructed so that the Cqmmunion, perhaps for the first rear step forms a preaching platform time in many years. Arrangements for open-air services, and powerful are made to baptize the children of spotlights give sufficient illumination the community; leaflets and hand- books are distributed to those inquirfor evening services. Starting out in the spring, the van ing about the Church; and manuals follows a definite itinerary, advance for preparation are given to those notice of its route being sent to the who desire confirmation.

clergy in order to secure local cooper- One feature of the van is the nu- ation where PQllsible. The van lS big- merous side-trips which the mission- gest work, and that most needed, is in ary is called upon to make where regions hitherto untouched by local people, aged or sick, request a visit.

church ministrations. Where feasible, the scattered Episco- Reaching a rural community, a palians and prospective Episcopalians village or small town, the missionary are put in touch with some clergy- parks the van in some conspicuous po- man; in every case definite arrange- by*:e~~s:;J:.e Church in the Open Country," ments are· made for return visits, so that these church people and others 49 4

without money and without price, is miles, when it was given me by a man made to feel that the Church realizes who no longer needed it in his garage.

and assumes its responsibility to- The man put on a big coat to go to wards them. the barn-I had brought him the Because of the vast area to be cov- coat. The girl put on a warm coat ered, the van usually makes only two to collect some eggs-I had brought visits to a community each season; her the coat. The woman was churn- but the results more than justify the ing-it was a churn Mrs. Gilbert no expense and effort. Many lapsed longer used. The boy went to get a members are brought back to the drink of water-I had repaired the Church, and much good is accom- pump. It made me feel at home.

plished in the sacramental ministra- One night I was staying at a farm- tions, and in the constructive work of house and the man had not yet re- organizing church- schools lmd the turned home from a long, wet trip development of small congregations. to town. "Get the milk pail," said During the winter and the early I to the little boy. Together we went spring, when rural travel is not pos- to the barn and did all the chores and sible, the missionary, with the van, the milking. Thus the farmer, on engages in another much-needed reaching home, had only to put up his work in the industrial centers of the horse and come and sit down to sup- diocese by conducting noon-day serv- per with all nine at the table.

ices during the lunch hour for the One cold night just at dark, I saw men of the factories. The novelty of a boy sawing wood alone under an this service is attractive; the van, so open shed by a farmhouse far down efficiently equipped, compels admira- on the Lonely Road. I stopped and tion, and the sane methods of the mis- went round and took hold of the other sionary and the simple beauty of the end of the saw, and together we fin- service win respect for the van wher- ished up the pile. The saw was, dull ever it goe". and the woman gave me permission to take it with me. During church the MISSIONARY RESULTS OF COM- next day I got a man to file it and MON-PLACE CONTACTS left it at the farmhouse on the way REPORTED BY THE REV. G. B. GILBERT back. Fifteen years later that boy One day, as I was passing the house now a painter in the city, came out of a farmer who had never attended with brushes and pails and two or his church, I saw a girl in the yard three men, and was a wonderful help, carrying a pail of water toward the without spiritual ministrations are kitchen. When I inquired why she painting the church where the mindid not use the house pump she re- ister preached who helped him saw plied that it was out of order and the wood that night.

had been out of order ever since the house was built. I then made an in- REACHING MEXICANS IN THE vestigation. The next day I drove UNITED STATES up with the necessary parts and re- "Go ye across tp.e border" is writpaired the pump. ten into "Go ye into all the world"

The family did not believe in as clearly ail is "Go ye to lands far churches, and for a good while would distant. " For a hUlldred and fifty not let the children go. Now they are years, a border line only has sepa- my very best family in that secticin. rated twelve to fifteen millions of I soon began to stay with them all Mexicans from the people of the night. With six children on a ~tony United I:)tates.

farm, almost anything came in handy. "It would almost seem," comments Sitting by the stove one cold winter a man who sees Mexico in the light night, I mused to myself how I had of missionary opportunity, "as if brought that stove more than thirty God had wearied of waiting for us to

BEST MBTHODS

go, so during the past fifteen years, men were needed for cutting lawns, through the revolutions in Mexico, He shoveling snow, or women for wash- has shaken nearly three million Mexi- ing or cleaning, he was ready with a cans out of their country into ours." Mexican suggestion.

Many cities have a considerable 4. CLINICS. A physician may find number of Mexican inhabitants. Hun- it possible to fit up a room in the dreds of communities have, as tem- church and give free consultation with porary residents, squads of Mexican clinic hours twice a week, or a lawyer laborers. A suggested -program of ac- to offer full legal counsel to the Mexitivity fo'r churches includes: cans who are often enmes.hed in the 1. HOME VISITATION. One woman laws of a new country.

who tried this method re-ported: "A 5. SUNDAy-SCHOOL VISITATION. The happy morning was spent in visiting the Mexican women in their homes in superintendent may send out visitors the box cars and shacks. In response to invite the Mexicans to come to to our knock at the door of one of the Sunday-school. Special classes may shacks a very comely young Mexican woman opened the door. She knew be arranged or a separate Mexican a little English and we chatted for a Sunday-school organized. Someone few minutes, but she did not invite us in. After a time we said, may be found who can teach in Span- ish. In many cases however the Mex- icans prefer to learn En~lish.

6. FRIENDLY CONTACTS with Mexi- "'We came out this morning to can young -people may be established visit some of our friends.' Her face by the young men and women of the lighted up. church. They may be invited to " 'Friend?' she repeated as the church social and picnics or athletic door swung wide open at the magic activities. One church in California word, 'Friend ~ Come in, come in.' " takes· numbers of Mexican boys each Even though you cannot under- summer to camps where they enjoy stand their language there is usually swimming and fishing under Chrisa child who knows enough English to tian leadership. The men of one interpret for you, and tbere's always church arranged to take the entire a baby who knows tbe universal lan- Mexican colony to a park for a picnic. guage of baby talk and baby smiles. They helped to promote a -place for Mexicans appreciate friendly invita- the celebration of national Mexican tions to American homes. holidays, and gave interested cooper- 2. INSTRUCTION IN ENGLISH.' Mexi- ation in hel-ping to make their cele- cans are eager to learn to speak Eng- brations a success. At another place lisb. American women may go to a Latin-American club makes for bet- their homes. and teach them. One ter understanding tbrough frequent volunteer teacher has two afternoon discussions and friendly contacts.

classes and two classes at night for Sewing circles, classes in cooking the changing night and day shifts. of and a day nursery for the children of laborers. Parallel English-Spanish mothers who are out at work offer testaments may be used in classes. large opportunity.

3. FRIENDLY EMPLOYMENT BUREAUS. 7. CHURCH ATTENDANCE. In a American families may keep in number of communities automobiles friendly contact with Mexican fami- or busses are provided for Mexicans lies. Is anyone sick ~ Do the chil- of Mexican colonies, which are usudren need clothes f Is anyone ·out of ally on the outskirts of the town, to attend church services. In one town work? One pastor by his em-ployment bu- a men's mISSIOnary society was reau, established with a telephone and formed which engaged in special acpatience as office equipment, kept tivity among Mexicans. As a result large numbers of Mexican men and there is now a good Mexican church women from dire need. Whenever with a parsonage and an interested

membership. Sometimes a hall may Seattle, the young people of other be rented or s.pecial services held in a foreign-language groups demand that home in the community. their services be conducted in Eng- lish. 8. LITERATURE CIRCULATION. Bibles and tracts printed in Spanish may In one of the steel towns of the reach scores of people. Handing out East, where several years ago it a tract affords an opportunity to open seemed we should have to abandon conversation and give an invitation our work, today looms up the possito church services. bility of having to establish a second church as a direct result of the center The suggestions for work among activities. Under the leadership of a Mexicans may be adapted for other young, energetic pastor and director, foreign-speaking groups. this work has grown rapidly and gained the favor of the townspeople CHRISTIAN CENTERS and mill officials alike.

By .JOIIN M. HESTENES FIRE DEPARTMENTS AND Much can be said about the work MISSIONS and happenings in the many Christian centers conducted cooperatively A successful method of approach by our Home Mission Societies. In among people for some years without fact, each center is a thrilling story the ministrations of any religion, is all in itself.· Take for instance the indeed one worthy of consideration. Japanese Center in Seattle. Here the A missionary of the Episcopal workers are meeting with astonishing Church, located in the Diocese of results, especially among the young Central New York, was appointed people. On Sunday evenings, while with oversight of several districts. the fathers and mothers are assembled He was confronted with the problem, with the Japanese pastor, the young not only of establishing religious people have their own service under services in these communities, but the leadership of an American pastor, equally of being a leavening influence and the interesting fact is that the in constructive recreation. young people's service far outnumbers that of the older people. There Supported by an endowment fund, is a kindergarten in this institution this missioner tackled his problems by with a daily attendance of more than first evincing interest in the everyday 100. Throughout the Japanese com- life of the community. Incidentally, munity the center is held in high by what better way than creating an esteem and is privileged to minister endowment fund, can one immortalize in a hundred ways to the needs of one's name 1 He chose as his initial these people. What is true of the effort, because of the opportunities of Japanese Center is true of most of actual contact with the people on their our other centers. own ground, the organization of fire departments, which phase of com- Not all centers are so situated that munity life had, in many cases, been churches can be organized in the cen- neglected. A minister possessed of ter, but all have religious services such practical ideas of life must cerconducted on the premises, at some tainly be just as practical in ways of places in several languages. In one religion. center there are five foreign-language groups meeting every week for reli- Thus he instilled in his people congious worship. These have their fidence in himself, and together they membership in the nearest American worked to prepare a place of worship. church, but in a number of places we They purchased with c()mmunity are now facing the question of organ- money, a vacant house, removed the izing into a definite church group the partitions and installed the necessary young people from the foreign homes. equipment, using the rooms upstairs Like the Japanese young people in for Sunday-school and club meetings.

BEST METHODS

When the doors were opened for serv- over her shoulder, and a milk pail ice, the little chapel was filled with and stool may recite these lines from the members of the fire company and their friends. Margaret Widdemer: He commandeers the services of lo- Where the patient oxen were, by the ass's cal school teachers once a week to conduct Bible classes. Lay readers stall, are developed and are pressed into Watching my Lord's manger, knelt the wakservice. Each mission has an advisory council which has representation ing cattle all; on a county council. 'Twas a little conntry maid Vigil by Him This minister takes an active inter- keptest in all of the l"ecreational activities AU among the country things my good Lord of the young people. He stresses the organization of woman's auxiliaries slept. and rather more than the usual vari- Fair was Rome the city on that early Christ· ety of guilds, clubs, etc., and takes the women members in his car to branch mas morn, meetings of the auxiliary. Yet among the country·folk was my Lord Thus a man with a little common born! sense, and a great deal of apostolic zeal, meets a situation, which some Country-lads that followed Him, blithe they might consider insurmountable. were and kind, TOWARD INTERNATIONAL It was only city folk were hard to Him and blind: FRIENDSHIP Ay, He told of lilies, and of grain and grass The students and faculty of Union that grew, Theological Seminary, New York, have provided a friendship fund of Fair things of the Summer fields my good $1,500 for a year's special study for Lord knew, a ,Japanese student. A Christian pastor in Tokyo on hearing of the invita- By the hedgerows' flowering there He laid tion to one of his countrymen wrote: His head- "This action by the students and It was in the country that my Lord was faculty of the Seminary will mean bred. something greater than you can imagine, as you know your anti-Japanese Wben the cross weighed down on Rim, on law gave a great disappointment even the grievous road, to the Christians here in Japan. America lost a great opportunity in 'Twas a kindly country man ra,ised my good this action. So we appreciate this Lord's load; fund ever so much. The fine Christian spirit will promote a better un- Peasant-girls of ,Galilee, folk of Nazareth derstanding here in Japan of your These were fain to follow Him down the country, and surely increase the good will of the Christians. I, with my ways of deathfellow workers, say: 'Banzai.'" Yea, beyond a city wall, underneath the sky Out in open country did my good Lord die: READING IN COSTUME When He rose to Heaven on that white As- Verses read or stories told may be made more effective by simple cos- cension day tuming. At a meeting, in which the program centered around the rural Last from open country did my good Lord church, a girl dressed simply as a milk maid, with sunbonnet hanging pass away; Rows of golden seraphim watched where He should dwell, Yet it was the country-folk had my Lord's farewell: • Out above the flowered hill, from the mossy grass, Up from open country did my good Lord pass.

THE THIRD CONFERENCE ON CONFERENCES REPO&TED BY MRs. SAMUEL SEMPLE The "Confe~ence on Conferences," a serious gathering which for two seasons was held in Asbury Park, N. .T., was repeated last autumn, No- vember 3-7, at Pocono Manor, among the mountains of northeastern Penn- sylvania. For four days a group of over fifty men and women met and considered in detail the purposes,

problems, and purports of the great other side. This conception of the array of religious conferences that function of a conference makes it im- now mark the year, and especially the perative that full opportunity be summer months. The groups of con- given for discussion, and for coopera- ference leaders most fully represented tive thinking on the part of the con- were those of the Y. W. C. A., the ference body.

Y. M. C. A., Missionary Education The functions and aims of a con- Movement, the denominational organi- ference were analyzed along the fol- zations for young people, and the lowing lines of training for those in women's missionary organizations, attendance; affiliated with the Council and the 1. Personal adjustments. Federation. Those notably not rep- 2. Social adjustments. resented were the leaders of men's 3. Organizational needs. and of Sunday-school conferences. 4. Meeting responsibilities.

The enormous importance and proQ- 5. Knowledge of materials. (Bible, textbooks, etc.) able effect of such a serious attempt to appraise the conference movement 6. Emphases and attitudes in life.

and procedure may be glimpsed in Among the many practical points the fact that the clientele represented that emerged in the discussions the~e in the group of leaders there present may be mentioned: That emphasIs ran into the' hundreds of thousands. should be laid on the aim of a con- One system of religious institutes ference rather than on its process; there reported numbered in itself over that the conference faculty should do 40,000 young people last year. teamwork, correlating courses as far as possible; that there should be co- In view of the proportions to which operative thinking and planning in this popular method of religious edu- preparation for a conference, and cation has grown it seems highly fit- that, as far as possible, the influence ting that its leaders should take con- of the constituency should be secured certed action in asking such questions in the selection of the courses of as these: study.

What factors and interests should Of the Pocono Conference itself it primarily influence the nature and may be said that it was a valuable planning of a conference? How can demonstration of conference procethe immediate and felt interests of a dure· and that the spirit of earnestconference group he allowed room for ness ;vhich marked it recognized the expression, and how can provisions responsibility imposed by the conferbe made for the varying personal and ence opportunity of today. The place organizational needs. and interests 1 of worship in its sessions was pervad- How may a diversified program be ing. And yet in the last analysis perprovided that shall meet all these haps it was not so much a "conferneeds and at the same time enrich ence on conferences" as it was a spiritual experience and create new training class for leaders in this great needs? How, in the limited period of modern movement of popular relia conference may age grouping and gious education. As teaching experts educational grading be accomplished 1 in this training class there Were pres- And finally, how may the "carry- ent, Prof. Harrison Elliott, of Union over" of the conference 'be secured 1 In attempting to answer these Theological Seminary, and Prof. Wat- questions it was pointed out that the son, of Teachers' College; and the basic function of a conference is a form of teaching and training that meditorial service between the needs was presented to the group of con- of the delegates on one side, and the ference leaders was the example and resources represented by the leaders method of .resus who met people in and speakers, and by the corporate the actual experiences of their lives, conference body as a whole on the and "taught them, saying-."

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE RESHAPING OF CHINA for the purpose of arousing opposition Our readers will be interested in a to one or the other party. Even the portion of the following report pre- books on China that have been repared by the Executive Secretary of cently published by Europeans. or the International Missionary Council. Americans resident in China are oc- cupied almost wholly with tales of This is the latest and most authentic woe and the misfortunes arising from statement regarding the situation in the incomplete outcome of China's China. Every lover of this great nation of four hundred million people political, social, and economic revOwill rejoice when he or she reads these lution which has been begun in China, thrilling facts. I wish there were but for the full fruition of which space to give the complete report for much more time is needed. These writers complain because the China there is not a word but that is sig- that was had not in one day become a nificant, prophetic and inspiring. China that excels the countries of The Present Situa.tion in China. Europe in the very things which she is expected to adopt of European By DR. A. L. WARNSHUIS laws and customs. Moreover, these newspaper reports and these books do Introdumory Note: The purpose in preparing this statement has been to eomment not show the real progress that is upon .recent developments in China as they being made. affect the work of the mission boards. It is impossible within the limits of a brief state· It is therefore of great significance ment to review all the events of the last to observe whether "public opinion" year or more. To do so is also unnecessary is becoming more influential, whether for the facts are sufficiently well known, at education is developing along lines· least in their general outlines, to the leaders that will aid the people to fulfill their of the mission boards for whom this state- political responsibilities, whether proment is intended. These comments are therefore intended to provide some back- gressive and liberal forces are increasground against which the current events will ing in power. Time is an element that stand out more clearly, to call attention to must be taken into account, and it is various movements of which these events a serious danger lest the new developindicate the developillg tendencies, and ments in China move so rapidly and especially to remind the reader that the reports that appear ill the daily press are on so large a scale that their effects only fragmentary statements, not always ac- cannot be controlled nor their results curate, that do not give a complete account assimilated. The Chinese have never of the whole situation.

Much of the difficulty experienced been mere imitators nor will they take by all in seeking to understand the on a veneer of Western civilization.

present situation in China is due not Time and patience are needed so that only to the distance from the scene at the multitude of China '8 people may which we in America are placed, and receive and absorb the influences that the resulting meagerness of informa- are coming to them from without and tion available, but also to the fact that may recreate for themselves the new the source of our information is so China that is to be.

often biased. Most of it comes from It may be added that it is a mis- the treaty ports, and the color of the take to think that China is divided news is that which is reflected from for that is not true of her people.

interrupted commerce and depressed The military chieftains and the poli- trade. In some cases, the reports ticians are divided and are fighting have been exaggerated, apparently one another. But the educational 55

system of China is being developed In quality as well as in quantity as a whole. The same is true of the there has been real progress. Each courts and laws. Chambers of com- year has added to the ranks of China's merce and· the bankers have a na- educational leaders a considerable tional association. Even the soldiers number who have graduated from the employed by the various chiefs easily best educational institutions of .Japan, change their loyalties. This unity of America and Europe, together with the Chinese people is an important an increasing number of men and fact which makes the political situa- women from the modern universities tion not as hopeless as some think. in China itself.

That spirit of unity in the Chinese The use of the modern vernacular people has never been so strong as it has aided in increasing greatly the is today. number of readers, and newspapers, EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS journals and reviews have appeared by the hundreds. This movement, too, The constructive forces at work in has affected the educational program, China and the progress that is being of which the present tendencies have been well summarized under the folmade along many lines must not be lowing headings: (a) social emphasis, overlooked. There is not space here (b) freedom from classical bondage to do more than to refer briefly to and liberty for educational experisome of these things, but it is not ment, (c) vocational preparation, mere sentimental enthusiasm that (d) scientific improvement, and considers them as the determining factors in the situation that will shape (e) character building.

the future. In the tremendous trans- Only a few years have passed since formation that is taking place in these changes were inaugurated, .but China, the present governmental and in spite of disorder and confusion and political chaos is only symptomatic military usurpation of funds, the and when the readjustment of intel- reality of achievement will be found lectual, social, economic and other along several lines. (1) Teacher- ideas has proceeded somewhat far- training has made much progress.

ther, the establishment of a satisfac- There are 275, normal schools in the tory government will come about country, of which 67 are for girls.

naturally. The students now total 31,553 men Among the constructive forces in and 6,724 women, in addition to many China, that are increasingly effective, others who are taking educational is the growth of education on modern courses in universities. A relatively lines. The latest statistics available high standard of training has been' are those for 1922-23, and these may set. An enormous quantity of modbe compared with those for 1910-11, ern literature on educational probthe year before the founding of the lems and methods has been produced. The enthusiasm of those modern Republic. teachers is evident by the devotion 1910-11 1928-23 with which they stick to their profes- sion in the face of the most disheart- Schools ………… 57,267 178,972 Students ……….. 1,626,529 6,8]9,486 It is important to observe that this ening financial conditions. (2) The phenomenal advance has not been in education of girls is making rapid higher education so much as in ele- progress. It was not until 1907 that mentary schools. The figures for any governmental provision for girls' schools was made, but in 1922 there 1922-23 are: were 418,170 girls in government and Elementary school students …… 6,601,802 private schools. Since 1920 all the Secondary school students ……. 182,804 College and university students. 34,880 higher institutions have become co- educational. (3) Popular education 6,819,486 is a prominent feature in the program.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Lecture halls, reading rooms, half- years. Yon :find them in many kinds of day schools and night schools are very business, in indnstry, in education, in the numerous. The students of college profeBBionB and :in government departments. and secondary schools voluntarily Since apparently the military evil cannot he maintain free night schools for the done away with immediately in China, it is poor children of the vicinity. In the at least a sign of progres~ that two of the summer of 1925 in one province alone, most important armies are led by men who (Shantung), there were more than can and do enforce discipline and prevent 500 daily vacation Bible schools con- their men from robhing the people. The ducted by such students. The new number of snch modern men is still far too method of combating illiteracy by the small in every line of activity for the work nse of one thousand of the most com- that has to be done but twenty years ago monly used words has been supported they could hardly be found anywhere in the with great enthusiasm, and over two country. million of such textbooks have been issued. 3. The astonishing fact that throughout central and northern China (outside Man· ECONOMIC PROGRESS churia), the great Chinese hanks of issue have kept their notes at par through these Still another evidence of the sound- last few difficnlt years. ness of China's life is found in the continued growth in foreign trade. 4. The progress of education. While many of the government schools have had It would not be difficult to refer to to mark time on account of lack of money, a number of other movements that many private Chinese institutions and the are constructive or that give evidence colleges maintained by the missions have which justifi(ls hopefulness regarding developed almost beyond recognition in the the situation in China. To explain past ten years. Well·trained Chinese are these movements, however, would un- being found who are capable of replacing duly lengthen this statement, and it foreigners as teachers in many departments, will be more useful at this point and are in some cases doing better work simply to quote the testimony of a than their foreign predecessors. well-qualified witness. Mr. Roger S. Greene was formerly a United States 5. The organization of the China Foun· Consul-General in China, and is now dation, which under Chinese control is using the Director of the China Medical the portion of the American Boxer indem· Board. With his permission, we quote nity lately remitted to promote education. the following from a letter from him, This fund, which is derived from the Chi· dated New York, October 29, 1926: nese customs revenue, is being intelligently and honestly administered, and a public I have just returned from a visit of nearly accounting certi:fied by a reliable firm of a year and a half in China. Conditions in auditors is being rendered for every cent many ways are diffi,cult there, as you are disbnrsed. well aware from your correspondence and from press reports, yet I return with a 6. The increase in national consciousness greater feeling of satisfaction with the which has given rise to most of the dis· progress which I observed there in matters quieting developments of the past few years. of fundamental importance, than I have All may not approve the way in which this ever brought back before. Let me enumer· national consciousness sometimes expressed ate some of the facts which give some jus· itself but essentially the movement is natu· tification for my position: ral and sound and it is likely to supply much of the motive power for other move· 1. The steady growth of the total trade ments that will do mnch for China. The of China reported by the Customs during feeling against foreigne~s of which so the past ten years (Taela 1,200,000,00'0, in much is heard has been much exaggerated. 1916 to over taels 2,,300,OOO,0<(}O in 1925), an It cannot be compared with the feeling increase of over 90,%, with only a slight de· against foreigners which formerly existed in cline between 1924 and 1925. This means China and even in Japan thirty years or that some very powerful productive forces more ago. I have travelled alone during are at work in defiance of political difficul- the past year on every important railway in ties. China and spent five days on a river steamer in north Manchuria, in close personal 2. The increase in the number of men with contact both with the common people and modern education who have now made good with the educated classes and never en· in actual work in ,China over a period of countered any signs of hostility. Even the bandits usually treat their foreign captives better than the Chinese.

I feel so strongly that the time is ripe for important and gratifying developments in China that I am planning to return there next summer in order to take full advantage of such opportunities as may present them· selves. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AN INTERPRETATION OF CHURCH develop our sense of beauty, stir our By A. F. WICKES imagination, enliven our interest and Abstract of address delivered at Annual Meet- challenge our best efforts. jng of Home Missions Council and Counell or This is the starting point for plan- ning such a worship room as will Women for Home Missions in 1926.

The rectangular auditorium is fast properly and fittingly exalt the Christ.

gaining its place among Protestant As a background to all of Christ's groups, but a large number of plans public ministry, his baptism by John sent in for suggestions and criticisms, impresses us a great commitment. It provide for square auditoriums. It was the initial demonstration. Withwould seem that this type is still popu· out making a play on words or acts,'

lar, judging from catalogue illustra- the baptistry does make a fitting back- tions, and from the general opinion ground, against which other symbols that it is a matter of choice whether and memorials may be presented fit- a room is square or rectangular; that tingly. To many it symbolizes the both are suitable. In every way a entrance into the Church.

square-shaped room has proved infer- What is the arrangement or the ior to the rectangular. It costs more setting of these vital symbols that will to build it. It will seat fewer people, best present a picture, a situation though the floor area be the same, dramatic to the eye for the congrega- when curved pews are used. tion who sit in the pews? The broad, It is admitted that the one feature flat wall of a square room cannot connected with design of church build- gather attention. How much less can ings, given the greatest consideration, be done with the same type of room is the worship room and its equip- with the platform in the corner. Such ment. It does seem to be the very an arrangement is distinctly negative heart of the whole building problem. and is the least desirable for worship.

The reason is revealed in the New So, too, can the rectangular room Testament. The Church was founded be used to gross disadvantage by plac- on the mighty fact, so well stated by ing the platform on the long side, Peter, "Thou art the Christ, the Son speaking across the narrow way of the of the Living God. " The Church lives room. The very proportion of the by the same confession today. Now room invites attention sideways and if this is really believed, this takes into not toward the pulpit. Change this consideration the greatest fact the about so that one enters one end of world knows. In erecting, then, a the rectangular room and sees, at the building for the Church so founded opposite end, the vital emblems relatthis fact must be emphasized or a ing to worship.

falsehood is built. With the eye looking down the "The history of a people is written length of this room, attention forward in their architecture." Every force, is naturally easy, and if, added to this, law, art and emotion to exalt the One the eye can rest upon an object worthy we would worship should be used. of attention, such as the Lord's table, Cease to speak of the church building exalted and beautiful, nothing more as a "workshop" or "plant." There is nedeed for orderly attention, which have been enough of these to retard is the beginning of worship. Focus progress. The road is long and such thus gained is intensified if a chancel a little way has been traveled. Build is formed. Here the sacred emblems that which will give us momentum, are gathered before you. In the back- 58 ground is the baptistry with its open- has been remembered; even our con- ing just high enough (forty-two inches fession.

above the chancel floor), so that the act of baptism may be easily seen by PAR STANDARDS all without moving the pulpit -or a The Par Standard presents a goal single piece of furniture. The Lord's of effort for individual churches. table and chairs are placed before it, Three charts are given to suit as but they do not obscure. They become many types of possibilities. They part of the picture. The pulpit should not be placed in front to obstruct the really amount to Efficiency Charts view of the table, but be placed to which might well be adopted and one side and forward so as to be close hung in the vestibule to show toward to the worshipers. This completes the what an enterprising church should picture. The chancel frames the pic- attain.

ture. Such description is only sketch- Chart C* ing the plan. ];'or a rural church with considerable means, The sharper the angle, the more in- equipment and leadership tensive becomes the attention. Get Physical Equipment attention, but get it the right way. I. Comfortable, attractive parsonage, with Some ministers employ religious modern conveniences, rent free.

vaudeville for securing attention. 2. Church built, or remodeled, to meet The windows, wall and roof are needs and opportunities revealed by a quite as important. Usually the wor- careful study of the community. ship room has too much daylight; 3. Auditorium with seating capacity ade· quate for maximum attendance at regu- this is disconcerting. The daylight lar church services. should be tempered and softened by 4. Rooms, or a near-by building, for social the use of simple, diamond pane, leaded, amber-toned glass. Avoid the and recreational purposes; separate spaces (curtained or built), for individ- ual Sunday school classes or depart- commonplace geometrical gew-gaws ments. and figures. They interpret nothing 5. Organ or piano. except a salesman's ability to get the 6. Delco or acetylene lighting system where committee's hard-found money. The there ;s no local electricity plant, and, if possible, "indirect lighting."

windows should be modest in size with 7. Ample ventilation, preferably by venti· sills well above the fioor. Keep the lator at top of room. attention within the room. Do not invite folks to sit inside and look out. 8. Well planned and adequately furnished kitchen.

9. Moving picture machiue, or stereopti- The walls need not be high. If a con, or both. balcony is not required, thirteen feet 10. Sanitary lavatories. to the wall plate is enough. Let the 11. Bulletin boards for church annOUnce· window head come just under the ments. 12. Near-by recreational :field with equip- plate. You can easily get twenty-five ment.

feet ceiling height by using a half 13. Parking space for autos, or horse·sheds. pitch or more for the room, supported 14. Properties kept in perfect order and by exposed wood trusses and rafters. good repair, inside and out; the best By use of proper insulation the acous- and most sightly in the community. tics can be assured, and the heat and Finance cold can be kept where they belong. 1. Church budget including local expenses It is well to use stone, if local, or and benevolences, adopted annnally by brick in simple, honest, Gothic type, congregation. avoiding the Classic type with the 2. Every Member Canvass for weekly offer- ing. made annually on basis of budget; huge columns, which so often looks all church members, attendants and un· attached persons solicited. like some public institution. 3. Benevolence budget meeting the denomi- This is the physical side. From the national apportionment or a sum equal to spiritual aspect there have been ex- -ane half the current expense budget. alted those things which should be above all, because Peter's confession :It Chart A aplleared in June issue.

4. Use of weekly envelope system, with ef- Program fort to have each member of every family a regular contributor. 1. Consistent attempt to meet every need, condition and opportunity for service 5. All current bills paid monthly, and ar- as revealed by a careful survey of the rangement at bank whereby the min- parish, such service to include all oc- ister's salary is placed to his credit on cupational classes and racial elements the first day of the month. not otherwise provided for.

6. Ohurch Treasurer to keep accurate ac- 2. Definite plan and program setting goals counts rendering statements to contribu- for the year's work adopted annually tors at least once a quarter. by church officers and congregation, and held steadily before attention of the 7_ Systematic pIau of payments ou princi- church. pal and interest of any church indebted- ness with provlsion for any yearly refund 3. Assumption of responsibility for some payments due the Church Building SQ- part of the church program (i. e., regu- ciety_ lar stated service), by at least twenty- five per cent of members. 8. Properties adequately iusured. 4. SysteIlJ1l,tic effort to extend the parish Meetings to the limits of the "trade zone," with use of the Larger Parish plan. 1. At least one service of worship and Church School each Sabbath in the vil- 5. Constant effort to mix town and country lage with one or more out-station ap- peoples with view to promoting a felt pointments. "community spirit" inclusive of the entire area. 2. Regular mid-week service, church night or cottage prayermeeting. 6. Parish Council consisting of regularly appointed representatives of all agencies 3. Junior Church, or the like, connected or neighborhoods cooperating in the with Sunday. ~orship. community program, meeting every two months to consider and plan for needs Religious and Missionary Education and opportunities.

1. An every-Sunday Church School with 7. Systematic evangelism of th~ educa- one or more out-station schools. tional type reaching entire community and every person in it, with special at- 2. Enrollment equal to resident member- tention to children and youth. ship and an average attendance of two thirds of its membership. 8·. Definite organized activities (religious, social and recreational) for various age 3. Graded lessons as far as practicable. and sex groups. 4. Quarterlies, lesson leaflets and Sunday- 9. Community service a definite part of school papers recommended by denomi- parish program. national board. 5. Provision for enlistment and training of I(). Regular scheme for farm-stead visita- leaders for church and Sunday-school tion participated in by both pastor and work. poople. 6. Efficient Home Department and Cradle Roll. 11. Established goal for yearly increase in 7_ DaUy Vacation Bible Sehool and Week membership. Day School of Religion. 12. Use of busses, or a volunteer auto 8. Definite and regular attempts to bring brigade, to bring children and others in children into church membership, with to church, Sunday school, or other ac- specific preparation therefor. tivities at the center.

9. Systematic mission study classes held 13. Bi-annual survey of the area served to regularly. determine church relationships of all persons living in the immediate commu- 10. Missions regularly presented from the nity or adjacent countryside with such pulpit and in Sunday school. mapping of parish (trade zone) as shall show the relationship of every family 11. At least one representative in profes- to local and other religious institutions. sional Christian service. 14. Cumulative study of social, moral and Ministry religious forces of the community with the, aim of constant adaptation of pro- 1. Pastor resident within the community, gram to changing needs and opportuni- giving full time to the parish. ties as they may arise.

2. A salary of at least $2,000 with free use Cooperation of parsonage. Cooperation with: 3. Financial assistance in matter of parish car, gas and up-keep where there is con- 1. Local and near-by churches. siderable farm-stead visitation and out· 2. State and county interdenominational re· station work needing to be done. ligious agencies. 4. ,Church helping its pastor to membership 3. Local and community organizations. in the Annuity Fund, and with his wife 4. Local and county agricultural agencies. to attend local and state denominational 5. County, state, national welfare agencies. meetings, summer schools, etc. 6. Denominational boards.

FROM MANY

GENERAL field of the Commission's work would Congress of World's Religions be very varied; its functions would FOR the purpose of bringing the be mainly advisory and educational; influences of the world's leading there would be referred to it all matreligious faiths to bear upon the prob- ters of the League's concern into lem of world peace, an international which the religious factor entered; it religious congress will be held at would give its advice, for instance, in Geneva in August, 1928, under the regard to questions affecting religious auspices of the Church Peace Union. minorities, the welfare of backward Eleven religions will take part; races, and such moral questions as namely, Christians (including Prot- have already occupied the attention estants, Roman and Uniate Catholics of the League. Once created, the useand the Eastern Orthodox) , Jews, fulness of the Commission would be- Mohammedans, Buddhists, Confu- come increasingly apparent. "

cians, Shintoists, Taoists, Hindus, Parsees, J ains, Sikhs. The problems The Post Ofllce for Christ T to be discussed will be human brother- HIS is the slogan of an organiza- tion, with headquarters in London, hood as an essential part of all religions the establishment of world peace which has been in existence for nearly through the recognition of this uni- fifty years, and which, in its latest re- versal brotherhood and the coopera- port reiterates the twofold purpose tion of all religions of the world in of the Post Office Christian Associa- establishing this brotherhood. tion; namely," (1) To band together Christians in the Postal Services in The League of Nations and Religion fellowship and work. (2) To seek to THE World's Student Christian win souls in the Services for the Lord Federation reports: "A sugges- Jesus Christ." The Association has tion has been made that the League its own representatives in India, should establish a Commission of Re- China, South America and South ligious Cooperation parallel to its Africa, and cooperates with other Commission of Intellectual Coopera- agencies in several countries. In detion. On this Commission there would scribing the work in various remote sit representatives of the leading reli- parts of the British Empire, the regions of the world, including those port says: "The touch may be but of the most important sections of slight in some of these countries, but Christendom. The method of their the link that these scattered friends selection would probably be that of have with the whole is valued. Many direct appointment by the Council of in their letters speak appreciatively the League, though care would natu- of the Quarterly Mail and other litrally be taken that the Commission erature they receive, and the annual should· be fully representative of all circular letter which goes together religions. What would be most aimed with our Calendar to each member, is at would be that its members should warmly responded to."

be men and women animated by a sincerely religious spirit of good will, The Bible in Esperanto A such as is founded in the best and N INTERESTING feature of the Esperanto Congress, held in most enlightened Christians, Hindus, Mohammedans, and Buddhists. The Edinburgh last August, was the dedi- 61

cation in St. Giles' Cathedral of a Cleveland, chairman of the council, copy of the Bible in that interna· reported a national membership of tional language. In the Congress 912,733 and a staff of 5,263 full-time senhon, preached by Rev. Dr. Gra- secretaries. The 1926 percentage ap- hame Bailey, formerly Church of portionment of expenditures was: Scotland missionary at Wazirabad, City associations, 46.7; student enter- India, it was stated that this was the prises, 20.9; Negro branches, 11.4; first time the Bible had been trans- town and country, 10; transporta- lated into an artificial language. The tion branches, 6.4; and industrial Old Testament translation is entirely branches, 4.6. Projects of the home the work of the late Dr. Zamenhof, of division thus far this year have called Warsaw, the inventor of Esperanto. for $886,276, against $845,519 last and himself, as a Jew, familiar with year.

the Hebrew original. The translation has been revised by a British Com- Disciples' Miosionary Work mittee, of which Professor J. E. THE sixth annual report of the M'Fadyen, of the United Free United Christian Missionary So- Church College, Glasgow, was a con- ciety, submitted to the Disciples' consulting member. The New Testament vention at Memphis, Tenn., in was translated a few years ago by a November, showed a total expenditure Committee of British Esperantists. of $2,957,Ir6.76. This was approxi- It is claimed that the translation will mately $25,000 less than the approbe of value in mission work, and espe- priated budget of estimated expense. cially to those who have to translate The department of foreign missions the Bible into native dialects. reported work on ten foreign fields In view of the fact that the translator of with 4,821 baptisms during the year.

the Old Testament is the creator of this in- This is the largest number in any ternational language, the Bible will become single year of the work. The departthe fundamental classic of Esperanto. Be- ment of home missions made approcause of this many Jews and other non- priations for pastoral support to 141 Christians will read it who otherwise would never have been acquainted with the sacred churches, of which 13 came to selftext of the Old or the New Testament. support. These churches report a NORTH AMERICA total of 2,122 additions to the mem- bership during the year. Special and Y. M. C. A. Councn Meeting general evangelists in the employ of CURTAILMENT of activities in the United Christian Missionary So- the Far Eastern zone, including ciety report 2,591 additions during China, Japan, Korea and Asiatic the year. The net gain in member- Russia, and notable expansion of the ship of the denomination was 6.1 per program for South and Central cent.

America, were suggested in the annual report of the Foreign Department of lIIethodiot Financial Goals T the Y. M. C. A. to the National Coun- HE Board of Bishops of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, at its cil. Because of the progress of the native movement in China and adja- meeting in Denver, Colo., in Novem- cent countries, the American leader- ber, agreed to ask the denomination ship no longer is paramount there, to increase benevolence gifts from while in the Spanish-speaking coun- $97,000.000 to $300,000,000 this year.

tries to the south, recent develop- To make this possible Rev. R. J.

ments have opened an opportunity to Wade, Secretary of the General Con- the "Y" organizations of the United ference and Executive Secretary of States. A yearly budget slightly less the World Service Commission of the than that of $4,086,000, adopted a denomination, suggested a trebling of year ago, was recommended by the the number of tithers. He also de- general board. R. W. Ramsey, of clared that the World Service Com-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

mission was planning to devote its en- China, four in Argentina, and two in tire energies during the coming year British Guiana. The total missionary to the education of missionaries, while and benevolent budget for 1928 was for the year following the program set at $2,200,000, as recommended by called for a concentration on the the finance committee, a ten per cent study of evangelism. increase over the budget of the pres- ent year.

Baptist Missionary Program THE Baptist Board of Missionary Presbyterians Vut Budget Cooperation, at its recent annual meeting in Chicago, adopted the fol- THE General Council of the Preslowing resolution: byterian Church (North), met in Chicago on December 18th and 1. That the time has come when we adopted a budget of $12,000,000 for should challenge ourselves and OUl" Baptist the fiscal year beginning next April churches to a great Forward Movement, 1st. This is a cut of 20ro compared believing that we cannot under present con· with the budget of the last five years. ditions fail to respond to the demands of The 1927 budget is distributed as folthis hour. lows: Z. That we shOUld plan for a program National Missions, $3,902,640; Forcovering a three-year period; that for the eign Missions, $3,019,900; Christian year 1927-28 we should concentrate on an Education, $1,351,986; Ministerial effort to secure adequate housing for the Relief and Sustentation, $929,200; chUl"ches under our city, state and home mis· Women's National Missions, $1,354,- sion agencies; that for the period 1928-29 000; Women '8 Foreign Missions, $1,- we should concentrate on a similar effort 354,000; American Bible Society, to provide for Judson College and other ad- $69,690; Fed era 1 Council of vances abroad; and that for the year 1929- Churches, $18,584. 30 a like effort should be made for our Ministers' and Missionaries' Benefit Board A special committee to consider and schools and colleges. whether women should be granted more privileges of participation iii 3. That the amount to be distributed as quotas to the churches be iixed at the same figure as the current year, namely, $5,360,000, and that the balance of $1,075,· 000 be raised by gifts from individuals. church affairs than they now enjoy, Luthera:n~ Vonsolidate Boards by virtue of representation on benevo- lent boards, will report at the March T HE United Lutheran Church, meeting of the General Council. which reports a membership of 886,000, held its biennial convention Indian Bible Vlas8 Popular in Richmond, Va. An important ac- AT SHERMAN Institute in Rivertion of the convention, and one that t. side, Calif., one of the largest of is in line with current tendencies to- the government Indian schools, 425 ward the unification of missionary out of a possible 625 students gave agencies, had reference to the consoli- up their afternoon daily play hour to dation of the boards of home, north- attend a week-day Bible class. C. W.

western, West Indies, and Jewish mis- Cell writes in the Presbyterian Ad- sions into a single organization to be VMl.Ce: "These students range in age known as the Board of American from eight to twenty-one years and Missions. To draft the constitution come from forty-seven different In- of this new agency and to prepare for dian tribes. On Palm Sunday morn- its taking over the affairs of its five ing a plain invitation was given to constituents, a commission of twenty- every Indian student under Protes- one men has consulted during the tant leadership to sign up for a seven- past two years. The United Lutheran day Bible course. It meant the giv- Church has two hundred foreign mg up of the play hour from four to missionaries, of whom one hundred five each day. Four of the star base- and six are in India, forty in Japan; ball players gave up their baseball thirty-two in Liberia, sixteen in for a week to attend classes, and

others made saerifices as striking. . . Eleven societies have enrolled 21,920 Several of our best students are pre- members with 563 paid workers and paring themselves for definite full- 333 organized churches. Copies of time Christian service. I am receiv- the Directory may be obtained (25 ing letters daily from these Christian cents), from Dr. Charles E. Vermilya, boys and girls who have gone back to Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth their homes and are honoring God in Avenue, New York City or from the many different ways." Executive Secretary, Rev. Charles A.

Thomson, 756 Union Street, San Filipino Immigrants Francisco, California.

THE large number of Filipinos (now said to reach a total of 20,- Five New Mormon Temples M (00), coming into the Pacific coast ORMONISM has had only one great temple, that in Salt Lake states is described by one church paper as constituting "a new Oriental City, but it is reported that five oth- problem, " and by another as "creat- ers are now to be erected in different ing a new task for the Church." Most parts of North America. One, to cost of these newcomers are young men, a million dollars, >is in process of and about ten per cent of them are erection at Mesa, Ariz. A Lutheran students. The pension system of the missionary, quoted by The Christwn Philippine government makes it pos- Century, visited the growing temple sible for certain young people to come and says: "To our surprise we to the States for study. These young learned that no preaching services, or people of both sexes are to be found periods of worship, are ever held in in our colleges and universities all the temple. It is devoted solely to the over the country. There are also ceremonial and instructional exer- thousands of Filipinos of the laboring cises for the' perfecting of the saints. '

class who come here and find remu- Near the rear entrance on the ground nerative employment under climatic floor is a vast bapistry, an immense conditions with which they are fa- bowl fashioned after the presumed miliar. Besides these students and structure of the great brazen sea in farm laborers, a sort of middle-class Solomon's temple, and lik() it to be Filipino is found working in the supported by twelve oxen. Into this apartment houses, in club cars on bowl the administrant and the candi- trains, and as elevator boys, barbers, date enter, and at either side of the cooks and waiters in hotels. About rim are to sit the scribes who make one hundred are now employed by the close and particular record of the can- Pennsylvania Railroad as attendants didate and his ancestry."

in their finest club cars. The Fili- pinos are very closely organized into LATIN AMERICA lodges. Of the laborers on farms, the New Opportuirlties in Mexico R larger number come from the Hawai- EV. JAMES H. WRAY, of the Southern Presbyterian Mission ian Islands, where they have had experience on the sugar plantations. Toluca, Mexico, who, according to the Among the Spanish-Speaking Christian Endeavor" World, was "a celebrated and daring aviator in the T HE Interdenominational Council World War," writes: "The activi- on Spanish-Speaking Work in the ties of the missionaries have been af- United States has recently published fected by the new conditions; but as a Directory which contains a list of old doors are being closed, we are find- denominational field executives; de- ing new ones open. Especially is this nominational lists (names and true of the layman. Never before has addresses of all workers and their sta- this mission been faced with the wontions), a list of schools, a directory derful opportunity that it now has.

of literature and a statistical table. . . . With printed tracts and Scrip-

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ture portions and with Testaments occasion, celebrated the Holy Com- and Bibles we hope to improve this munion."

time when many people are turning to the Gospel with a new interest that Believers in Western Brazil R has been ar<msed by all this contro- EV. C. ROY HARPER, Presby- terian missionary in Cuyaba, versy and religious difficulties. We also hope to put on a real social serv- Brazil, says in a recent letter: ice and recreational program." "Visits have been made to Rosario, an isolated village on the Cuyaba Labor Laws in Mexico River, since 1916. Certain people MISS ELENE RAMIREZ, who is seemed to be interested and would engaged in the educational and attend services when held, but not health work of the Y. W. C. A. in until two years ago were there any lIIexico City, is the daughter of a for- conversions. After a period of in~ mer Secretary of Education in the tensive instruction and probation, in lIIexican Government and grand- November, 1924, eighteen persons daughter of an early Congressman, professed faith in ,Tesus Christ as Her patriotism makes her eager to their personal Saviour and were re- have the good things in lUexico widely ceived into the Church. The mem- known. " How many Americans bership t()day is thirty-six. Publicly know that Nexico has the eight-hour professing one's faith in Christ here day and equal pay for equal work re- in South America is very different gardless of sex 7" she asks. "The from taking such a step in the States.

best labor laws were studied from all Here there are family ties and tradi.

countries when the constitution for tions which bind very closely. Many the new republic was made. Indus- of these believers have come out of trial conditions were then wretched lives of degradation and shame and and workers were poor and over- the Gospel has given them new life."

worked. " The Y. W. C. A. in Mex- ico City includes in its membership "Bible Coach" in Argentina T factory girls as well as students and HIS is one of the agencies used by the Evangelical Union of South girls of leisure.

Moravian Ohurch in Nicaragua America for spreading the GospeL A writer in The N egZected C011Jtinent AMERICAN Moravian missionaries says of it: "Our coachman tells of a in Xicaragua recently dedicated town passed through recently where a church in the town of Bilwi. In they found a few believers who were The Momvian Bishop Grossman doing their best to establish a meeting, writes of the occasion: "The congre- but like many another group they gation at the morning service, which had no leader. Our men arrived in was conducted in English, was a time to give their efforts a good start, . gathering of many nations; there and a splendid meeting was the out- were Americans, English, French, come. Many of the well-known Germans, Spanish, Central and South hymns were sung with great enthusi.

Americans, Chinese, West Indians, asm and after the meeting a young Miskitos and Sumus, with perhaps a: fellow came forward and said he few others. At noon, we had a serv- could play the violin and would be ice for the Miskito Indians, when glad to help wHh the musical part of Brother Fisher spoke to them in their the program; he also said he would do own language. In the afternoon, we his best to attend regularly and help had an evangelistic service, which to teach the people new hymns. Our was very well attended. The climax, two brethren pressed on their way re- however, came at night, when we joicing. The journey has covered workers and some helpers and evan- huge tracts of open country and our gelists. who had come to Bilwi for the men almost apologize for the scanty 5

sales, but these amount to 35 Bibles, supporting when the effects of the 33 New Testaments and 301 other post-war economic crisis are oyer. books, " Growth of Waldensian Church Schools for Paraguayan Girls THIS church has a continuous his:- T HE Disciples conduct a school for tory for seven centuries, and is girls in the city of Asuncion, Para- said to be the oldest evangelical body guay, of which ]fiss Lillian L. Binns in the world. Fred S, Goodman, forwrites: "At the opening of the sec- merly of the Y. M, C. A., and now ond term of school a mother brought General Secretary of the Waldensian her daughter to us, very desirous Aid Society, calls the Waldensian that we take her into the dormitory Church in Italy the "ancient, longand enter her in the secondary depart- suffering, patient and dynamic evanment of the school. There is no sec- gelical minority." He says: "In ondary school in her town and no spite of difficulties and poverty, the place here where her mother cared to Waldensians have pushed out and have her board. I hesitated to take down into the peninsula with their the responsibility while we are car- missionary program. Churches have rying pretty full work, but finally been established in Milan, Venice, agreed to do so, since it is so seldom Florence, Naples, Rome, Palermo and that a woman' here gets a chance at in fifty other cities and towns, beside higher education, I note this that from seventy to one hundred preachyou may realize that Pltraguay women ing stations, Every section, from the are looking forward and that we must borders of France to the southeast look forward with them in our plan- corner of Sicily has been touched by ning of future work." the light of the evangel,"

EUROPE Varied Needs in Bulgaria Loan Fund for European Churches REV, PAUL L, :HSHKOF'F, of the Russia Evangelization So- THE Executive Committee of the ciety, writes of the more than 600,000 Central Bureau for the Relief of refugees in Bulgaria-Greek, Jugothe Evangelical Church'fls of Europe, slavian, Russian and Armenian-in a has taken steps to found an Evangeli- total population of only about 5,000,- cal Credit Association, which will 000. This proportion, as he says, provide loans for the Protestant would give the United States 13,000,- churches of Europe to rehabilitate 000 refugees needing care. He writes their educational and welfare insti- as follows of the religious outlook in tutions, The proposed Credit Asso- Bulgaria: "I haye a letter from a ciation is to secure its capital fund priest, who is one of the leaders of through the budget of the Central the Orthodox Greek Church in the Bureau, and by a popular subscrip- country. He is living in Bourgas,' tion of stock in Europe and America. where we had a splendid evangelistic Ijoans are to be made at the rate of meeting with wonderful results, He five per cent, the interest payments says, 'The greatest need of Bulgaria being applied to the amortization of is the Gospel as the Protestants underthe loans. The regular rate of inter- stand it. We need the Evangelical est in many countries of central and religion, The Orthodox Church, eastern Europe is now twenty-four which has been a political propaper cent. With old endowment funds ganda, gave nothing to the nation, swept away, with their supporting save ico'fls, We want no more of constituency RO impoverished, the them.' He wants me to find in Amerchurches are in desperate need of ica a place for his boy where he may funds. for the repair and upkeep of have Christian training and educatheir institutions. They feel confi- tion. Praise God, by His mercy, we dent that they will again become self-

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are facing a new and brighter day. broken families, chiefly children who There is a deeper want and need than are fatherless and whose mothers are the physicaL" incapacitated for work. The Ameri- can Friends of Greece, Inc., was or- The "Y. M. C. A." in Central Europe ganized in 1923 to aid Greece at the time of the great refugee influx by D O~ALD A. LOWRIE, Y. 11. C. the establishment of workshops to give A. Student Secretary at Prague, employment to refugee. women with writes: "A new word has appeared dependent children, and the consoli- in the languages of Central Europe, dation is expected to make possible a word with a significance which an increase in production of indus· makes some of those who helped in- trial work at a decreased expense and troduce it wonder if they can live up to enable the joint organization to emto the standard it sets. The long- ploy many competent and needy familiar initials of the Young Men's women. Christian Association have become a word, written simply 'Ymca' and Russian Religious Situation pronounced 'Imka.' The students in the Academy of Mines, in a town near THAT communism has failed to Prague, have for several years chafed break down religion and that Rusunder their connection with one of sians now go to church pretty much the local youth moveml'nts, their as in old days represents the concluchief complaint being that the pro- sions of Bishop James Cannon, Jr., gram of this organization was not dis- of Washington, D. C., who has just tinctly enough Christian. Xow the completed a survey of the church sitword (Christian' has different mean- uation in Soviet Russia. As quoted ings in different places. For most in the New York Times, the Bishop people in Central Europe it is synony- said: « There is no doubt that the mous with clericalism. Calling them- Communists ridicule, denounce and selves simply a student Christian repudiate religion as hurtful to the movement, the Academy of Mines development of their ideal social orgroup felt, would be imprac6cal. der. But there probably are not How could they find a name for their many more than 1,000,000 members organization which would indicate its of the Communist Party among 140,- Christian purpose and also avoid the 000,000 Russians, and as strongly as prejudice attached to the word 1 they opposed religion and tried to The solution of their dilemma was suppress it they have been obliged to found, and recently some of us went recognize that they cannot carry the to Pribram and attended the official Russian people either into atheism or inauguration of the Student Ymca." desertion from the Church. . . . The governmental attitude toward mar- Merger of Interests in Greece riage is a greater menace to religion in Russia than any restrictions which ARECENT consolidation of philan- have been placed on worship." The thropic interests in Greece has latest law passed in regard to marmerged with Near East Relief the ac- riage is reported to be that the only tivities of The Fatherless Children of license required is a stamp on the Greece and The American Friends of personal identification cards to the Greece. A new American committee man and woman. These stamps may will direct its work. The Fatherless be cancelled at will in place of di- Children of Greece, which was backed vorce and a new stamp may register by Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt and Miss a new marriage. This is official sanc- Margaret Woodrow Wilson, was tion to practical polygamy and polyfounded by Madame Michael Tsama- andry in Russia-a succession of dos while her husband was Greek Minister in Washington. It supports husbands and wives by mutual con- 1,000 Greek refugee children in sent.

AFRJ:CA work. This work throws them constantly Egyptians Directing S. S. Work among conditions which are' far from help- ful to spiritual life and standards. While THE Synod of the Evangelical so much of their Success as colporteurs de- Church of Egypt (United Presby- pends upon commercial skill and energy that terian) has a committee, reports Rev. there are many temptations to doubtful Stephen van R. Trowbridge, which is methods, trickery and falsehood, the oppofavorably considering the plan of es- sition of Mohammedans, bigoted ' 'Chris- tians, " aud less reputable traders, taxes tablishing a Sunday-school union for their faithfulness as true witnesses for Egypt and the Sudan. "This com- Christ to the utmost.

mittee, " he says, "composed entirely of Egyptians, is publishing weekly Moslem Teacher Driven Out I 13,600 lesson-helps in Arabic; is N a portion of Sierra Leone where studying the question of preparing the Christian and Missionary Al- indigenous courses; is investigating liance is at work, this report comes the Daily Vacation Bible School idea; from a new station: "So far we have is promoting plans for an Egyptian every reason to believe that God is delegation to the Los Angeles Con- with us in coming here. The natives vention and is organizing eleven have shown every appreciation of our provincial conferences and one at the coming. Though this means to some capitol in E26-27. The Synod re- extent only material benefits, never- ports a gain of 29 Sabbath-schools theless their hearts are with us. This and 2,627 scholars during the year, was distinctly shown when they were making the total for this denomina- called upon to choose between a Mo- tion 303 schools and 25,495 enroll- hammedan or a Christian teacher.

ment. The total Protestant enroll- Ve told them that two teachers of op- ment comes to 29,900 and that in the posite faiths could not teach in the Orthodox Coptic Church to 9,000." same town without confiicting, and if they had decided to accept this Mo- Nile Mission Press Colporteurs hammedan faith they must let us THE colportage work of this great know. They beat the official drum organization, which seeks to and put the palaver before the people, "bring the simple but all-sufficient who made their decision for Chris- Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ to tianity and escorted the Mohamthe knowledge of Arabic-reading peo- medan teacher out of town. So far ple all over the world," is carried on their hearts are very responsive to the under a joint committee of represen- Gospel. "

tatives of the Egypt General Mission, and the American Mission in Egypt. Baptist Tithers in the Congo Ten colporteurs are employed in A~IERICAN Baptist missionaries in Egypt under this committee in differ- ft the Belgian Congo have found it ent districts, each under the supervi- difficult, says Rev. P. A. MacDiarmid, sion of a local missionary. Two of to develop in African Christians the these men are converts from Islam, grace of giving to God's work. For the others were either Copts or members of the native Evangelical some years the standard offering of Church. rich and poor alike has been a certain coin. Recently, however, one of the Rev. G. B. Mitchell, reporting a ablest native pastors became convinced conference recently held for these that he ought to tithe, so he and his men, points out their need for spirit- wife set the example. "When he preual help, saying: sented the matter to the first church Chosen with as much care as possible, in his circuit one woman promised to they are still men of humble position, born join them; in the next church one among surroundings in which very low man agreed to do the same. On the standards are accepted,- with comparatively second round he found quite a numlittle Christian training, and with little ber in each church who joined the Christian fellowship in their daily life and

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group of tithers. He said others were means of improvement. It is intended afraid to for they knew it would mean that the meetings shall serve as a the giving of much more money than school or training ground to prepare they had been giving to the Lord. the people's leaders to play their part With this as an incentive, a sermon in native councils when established. was preached at Sona Bata on stewardship, and tithing as a good mini- THE NEA,R EAST mum standard. The next day one of the men came and said he wished to Latin Characters for Turkey keep a teacher out in the district with his tithe. This, with the weekly of- T HE latest step in the Westernizaferings from himself and family, will tion of Turkey is reported by the mean much more than a tenth of his Missionary Herald, whieh quotes a pay. He has a-family of six sturdy newspaper report that the Oongress children to look after. So the start of Turkology held recently at Baku has been made!" passed a resolution to supersede Arabic by Latin in the writing of No School Because of Lions Turki languages in the Trans-Oauca- sian republics. "It is stated that to T HIS was the entry in the school some extent the hands of the 'rurks register in a village on Lake Nyasa were forced by the action of the Rusearly this year. When the missionary sian Bolshevists, who started in Febfrom the Universities Mission came ruary a Turco-Tartar paper, Yeni to visit he found that a lion had taken Yo~ (New Way), printed in Latin eighteen people in t'wo months, in eharacters. It was obvious that the some cases climbing on to the little Angora Government could not allow thatched houses and breaking in. At Moscow to gain the advantage of anone station the whole village took ref- ticipating them in this respect. It uge in the Ohristian teacher's house. appears to be the ultimate purpose of the Angora authorities to supplant Training South African Natives the Arabic characters by the Latin in all parts of the Country." The T HE Report of the Ohief Native principal advantages claimed for the Oommissioner, Southern Rhodesia, adoption of the same type of lettering refers to schools which have a pecul- as is used by the rest of the civilized iar appeal for those who are inter- world are stated by advocates of the ested in African education, in that measure to be: they follow in large measure the system inaugurated by the late Booker (1) Alphabetic simplification and redue· Washington at Tuskegee, where as tion of the number of letters. much time must be given by every pupil to a trade, handicraft, or farm- (2) Increased facility of typographic ing, as to book education. The desire composHion. for industrial education is not (with the Mashona, at any rate), his first (3) An end of spelling tronbles. object in coming to school; it comes afterwards from the atmosphere of the (4) Facilitation for the learning of place. Pupils are in school on only Turkish, both by Turks and foreigners, and three mornings a week, yet progress the development of Turkish as a commercial in literary subjects in no way suffers. language. Meetings of chiefs and headmen convened by the Native Oommissioners New Arab Views on Palestine have been held in nearly all districts. At these meetings the natives have PROGRESS in Palestinian resettlebeen encouraged to expreS8 their ment has been greatly hindered by views on matters affecting their well- the refusal of the Arab communities being and happiness, and to suggest to cooperate with the Jews in admin- istrative affairs. According to the London Christian, a correspondent in Jerusalem now reports what "may prove to be a highly important change in the attitude of the extremist Arabs. In the latest issue of Falastin (the

organ of the Arab Executive), a India is undergoing vast and rapid writer points out the mistaken policy changes, giving us hope that our Lord is of the Arabs in rejecting the Govern- coming to His own in this dear land of ours. ment's offer of a legislative council, Let us look up and Bse what great things God is doing for us. It is not without sig- an advisory body, and an Arab niilcance that the students of the National College at Ahmedabad should ask Mahatma agency. The local newspaper goes on to submit that Great Britain has be- Gandhi to teach them the· New Testament. come convinced that the Arabs of It is not without significance that at the last National Congress the hall should have Palestine are incapable of self-govern- been decorated with only two pictures, one of the President of the Congress and the ment, and is therefore not setting up other that of our Lord wearing a crown of parliamentary institutions, although t.homs. These changes are taking place outthese were enjoyed under the Turks. side the Church and, it will not be wrong to Falastin then makes what is for the say, independently of the Church. But the Arab Executive the astonishing state- Ohurch cannot and dare not sleep over the ment that, in refusing to recognize matter. There is cause for humbling ourthe Balfour Declaration, the Arabs selves before God, if the ,Church has not been instrumental in bringing about such a are neglecting their own interests. change. But now that such a favorable at- This sign of a more hopeful attitude mosphere is being created is there not need upon the part of the Arabs suggests for praying that the Church may realize its a state of affairs likely to facilitate opportunity ~ the return of Jews to the Promised Move Rather Than Deny Christ Land." MRS. V. E. COAPMAN, of the INDIA AND SIAM American Presbyterian Mission in Lahore, India, writes of a new Pastor of Ninety Villages Christian community: "The people MISSIONARY work was begun in in this region had been masalis, that 1904 among the Popotu people is, Mohammedan converts from the in a district outside Etah, North In- low caste. Of their own accord they dia. Mrs. A. G. McGaw throws in- had decided to become Christians, teresting light on the church life moved out into the jungle, and built which has developed among them a church. The quality of these when she says: "Mr. McGaw is fol- Christians coming frpm the Moham- lowing the Brahman custom, of hav- medan faith was manifested when the ing the Christians receive the wine, a landlords, opposing Christianity, cut teaspoonful, in the palm of the hand off their water supply, and refused as an 'individual cup.' This is the them land for cultivation. But rather way the Brahman pandits distribute than to deny Christ, the Christians the holy Ganges water. Our hearts are tearing down their homes and are rejoicing today in the spiritual church, which they built at a great changes we can see in the people. I sacrifice, and are returning to their wish, too, that I might introduce to old village. This loyalty no doubt you the pastor, his wife, and family will have a great influence on the of four little sons. They are under- non-Christians. "

taking to shepherd ninety villages and towns, in thirty of which are AhInednagar Training School Christian communities. THE latest report of this union school situated in Ahmednagar, a An Indian Call to Prayer well-known station of the American T HE National Missionary Society Board, states that this year seventy of India set aside November 14th boys from ten different missions in as a day of prayer. Paul Appasamy 'Bombay Presidency are enrolled.

and A. C. Mukerji, respectively "Every subject is studied from the Chairman and General Secretary, is- angle of the prospective teacher. Be- sued a leaflet in preparation for the sides training in the regular secular day which contains the following: subjects prescribed by government

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code, the boys have a course in reli- dia started, owned, and managed by gious education, in connection with Indian Christians. A little group of which they are doing supervised Syrian graduates who were lecturers teaching in the Sunday-schools in the on the staff of the Christian College city. We are trying to work out for at Madras, had a vision of a fellowthem a course of lessons which they ship of Christian men drawn from all can use for religious instruction in the churches doing Christian work their schools on weekdays and con- together in love and oneness. These tinue the same in Sunday-school. A graduates resigned their posts, their part of their course is visiting in the pensions, and their security, and homes of their pupils and helping the started the Alwaye College-a union latter individually to put into prac- Christian college whose aim is, India tice during the week the lesson taught for Christ. Without an endowment, on Sunday. The big ideal which we without the support of any church, try to keep before them is that they they have taken all the risks. They are to be ambassadors of Christ and have to pay themselves thejr very releaders in the bringing in of the duced salaries out of the fees they rekingdom in the community to which ceive. One December they voted they are going, and not merely teach- themselves no salary, to make the ers in a school for a certain number budget balance. The C. M. S. lends of hours eac!: day." the services of one of its missionaries to this college."

"Hand-Grip Offerings" in Assam I N THE American Baptist Mission Dr. Stanley Jones' Meetings in Assam a custom has grown up which is described by this title. A CO~CERNING three meetings held few years ago, the women in a certain by Rev. E. Stanley Jones and church felt the need of giving in a Professor Oscar M. Buck, of Drew way peculiarly their own. In Assam, Theological Seminary, in the Meerut the cleaning of rice is done by the District, India, Rev. Benson Baker women, who bring it from the field. writes: "In each of the district A gift of rice seemed, therefore, espe- conventions five or six hundred Chriscially a woman '8 gift. It was decided tians were present. We had most enthat whenever rice was being cooked thusiastic meetings. One convention for a meal, as much should be put was held at Ghaziabad, which is under aside as could be gripped in the closed the leadership of the Rev. C. A. Ilarhand, the handgrip-full repeated for tius, one of our ordained preachers. each member of the family. Not very Groups came marching in from varimuch can be grasped at one time in ous towns and villages with banners this way, but the patient and faith. flying, drums and cymbals making deful carrying out of the plan resulted lightful music, and the people shoutin the accumulation of enough rice to ing -Yisu Masih ki Jai ('Victory to provide for the pastor's salary. After Jesus Christ'). Then in the evening the church was able to pay the latter, we had a meeting for educated nonthe gifts of the women were used en- Christians, addressed by Dr. Jones tirely for advance mission work. The for an hour and a half. These leadcustom has spread all over Assam. ers from among the Mohammedans and Hindus listened with great ear- Indians Conduct a College nestness to a great message concern- ing Jesus. At the close {Jf the THE story of a little-known and in address the people broke out in spon- some ways remarkable institution taneons applause; they seemed to be in South India is told by a member tremendously moved. Really in all. of the Church Missionary Society, my years in India I have never seen who says: "The Alwaye College in people so eager to hear about our Travancore is the only college in In- Christ. "

SiSDlese as Misllionaries Ohristian Loyalty in Hunan ARRANGEMENTS were completed REV. A. H. BIRKEL, of the early in October for the formal American Presbyterian Mission opening of a mission station at Luang in Chenchow, Hunan Province, Prabang, on the Mekong River, on writes: "On two long trips of about the Siamese Indo-China boundary, the 400 miles I was able to visit practistation to be manned entirely by caUy aU the chapels in our extensive Siamese nationals. The Siamese mis- field. The ruins of burned houses, sionaries are Rev. Toma Wong and neglected fields, and depleted village Elder Boon Tah and their families. populations aU told the horrible tale They were to start from Nan, a mis- of brigandage, suffering and death.

sion station of the Presbyterian Although all the church members in Church (U. S. A.). The party was these bandit areas have passed expected to arrive at Luang Prabang through years of grave danger and about Nov. 12th. Luang Prabang is suffered severe losses, some having an inaccessible town in the dense been killed and others taken captive jungle hinterland of north Siam. It by the outlaws, it was gratifying to has been visited by missionaries at see how nobly these congregations various times, but this is the first time have held together. I wish you might that an attempt has been made to es- have heard and understood a sermon tablish permanent Christian work preached by our local Chinese evan- there. That it is being done by the gelist from Phil. 1: 20 on magnifying Siamese, rather than the missionaries, Christ with boldness, 'whether it be is a favorable commentary on the de- by life or by death.' " velopment of the missionary spirit of the Siamese Church. Ohinese OOD1D1ents on the Ohurch OHINA REV. JOHN T. BICKFORD, of Ohristians Fighting Vice Shunteh, North China, tells of a non-Christian Chinese gentleman who THE autumn bulletin of the Na- recently said to him: "Your religion tional Christian Council of China is going slowly in China, at present, contains an article on what it calls but give it ten years more, and it will "a threefold campaign against gam- go like wild fire. I have been won- bling, prostitution and concubinage," dering why Christianity does not which was inaugurated at the sug- spread more rapidly at present, and gestion of a Chinese friend of the I have come to the conclusion that Council who made it financially pos- there are three changes that will have sible. Reports had come in from to come in the Church itself: The fifty-six places. Churches, schools, first is that the converts must not Y. M. C. A. 's, labor groups, business flock to the foreign compound, but men and others joined in these dem- must stay in their own families and onstrations, no less than thirty-six of among their old neighbors, and sho!V the groups being outside distinctively by their lives that their belief is real.

Christian circles. Almost every de- The second is that the Christians nomination working in China was must tell their doctrine more. The linked up at some point. The main third is that the Christians must emphasis of the work seems to have prove to the people that they believe been on enlisting local workers in in their doctrine by giving more more active speaking and in the or- money."

ganization of fresh societies to combat these evils. In some cases the Prayer of a Chinese Youth M campaign was connected in a. special ISS MOORMAN, of the Central China Mission of the Southern way with the Week of Evangelism. In other cases series of lectures were Baptist Church, has sent this prayer inaugurated. written by a young teacher in a gov-

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ernment school in Yangchow, who has put upon an academie basis. The been a pupil in her Bible class for sev- local volunteer workers in the China eral years: Association are, save in a very few in- stances, all Chinese. This year in o Lord! Our Father in Heaven! I pray spite of travel difficulties they and the staffs have managed to hold two or thee for thy blessing npon thy world, which three regional conferences which have was, is and will ~onstantly be in trouble and brought them a new feeling of posfull of sin. We know that nothing is so session of the Y. W. C. A. as their weak as human hearts; people have long own, to develop along Chinese lines. now lost their reasoning, even their can· science, and eVen conscience is incredible. Standards for a Husband So I pray thee, Lord, to give me light that I may take thee as the guide in getting MISS ALICE B. BRETHORST, of along in the dark, and thus not be lost. I the West China Union Univeralso pray thee, Lord, to give me strength sity in Chengtu, Swechwan Province, that I may cleanse myself from all ilIthiness tells of a Chinese Christian girl who of the ilesh and spirit, and stand unmoved said that she had thought deeply of from all the temptation" !)f the world, and the whole question of marriage and if possible ilght against them. I also pray had decided that she would remain thee, Lord, to give me knowledge, the true single unless she met a young man knowledge which comes from thee alone, who could fulfill the conditions that that I may know what to do in thy will, she laid down. The first one of these and have the spiritual understanding whjch was that he must be a good Chris- I have hitherto been ignorant of. And I tian and of strong character, with a also pray thee, above all, to give me ability good healthy body. For the second so that I may. do something for thee and one she stipulated that his parents save some lost souls from this utter bitter· must be Christian, too. "I told her, " ness of sins, if it is thy will to accomplish says Miss Brethorst, "that I thought any little of such service through my hands. the latter was rather a difficult stipu- I pray in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen. lation. To this she replied: 'I know Chinese society. If his parents are Year's Gains in the Y. W. C. A. not Christian, I shall have to worship his ancestral tablet when I go to his T HE annual report of the Young home. I have never worshipped any- Women's Christian Association in one but God and will not bow down to China enumerates as follows: "Some anyone but Him.' It is girls like this of the concrete gains during 1926: who will build up a new social order In addition to starting the year with in this hoary old land, not only estabthe first Chinese national general sec- lishing model homes but bringing the retary, there are now five of the thir- men up to a much higher moral standteen city Associations with general ard than they have ever known." secretaries who are Chinese. The year has seen the thorough grounding Schoolboys Give for India of the new system for secretarial training. The Association is espe- REV. OTTO BRASKAMP, of the cially helping to secure for China American Presbyterian Mission highly·trained directors of Christian in Ichowfu, Shantung Province, resocial service, and directors of health ports: "Last year here in Ichowfu and physical education. Over one City we had twelve Vacation Bible hundred Chinese young women have Schools, while this year we have sevnow graduated under Y. W. C. A. enteen with over 500 pupils. The auspices as thoroughly trained physi- children's contributions this year go cal directors. These who have not to India. In spite of the hard times, married are making a remarkable con- unrest, war, banditry and famine, tribution to China's standards of the children are filling their mite health and play, in government or boxes. Four little boys in one school mission schools and Y. W. C. A. 's. The school started by the Y. W. C. A. has just completed its first year as a department (still financed by the Y. W. C. A.) of Ginling College for Women, so the profession has been

found a poor beggar boy in the street. this sign up to keep away recruiting .They took pity on him, brought him agents from the mills. She says: to school, bought his books, supplying "The girl workers are such a conhim daily with food and teaching stantly shifting population that re him about the love of Christ. I wish cruiting must go on. Eighty per cent you could have seen our parade, 500 of the workers are unmarried between children strong. We hired eleven the ages of sixteen and twenty-two rickshaws and ten wheelbarrows to and live in factory dormitories. Recarry a great many little tots. They cruiting agents are sent down by the could not walk the entire distance. big mills to the tiny fishing villages, Besides I loaded sixteen on my Ford. farms and islands along the Inland Many stood on the running boards. Sea. Life is so hard in fishing vil- The streets were crowded with spec- lages and on the farms that by comtators. We had the military band parison factory life sonnds attractake the lead, and the schools sang tive." Government figures, accordwhile marching." ing to Miss McIntosh, state that forty-three per cent of these village JAPAN.KOREA girls return home in less than a year broken in health. Night work for Japanese Social Outcasts women is gradually being done away with by law. In five years there will T HE work being done by the mis- be no further night work allowed for sionaries of the Methodist Epis- women in factories. copal Church among the Suiheisha, or social outcasts, is becoming in- Book Making in Japan tensely interesting. There are a group of 5,000 of them in one section JAPAN today ranks next- only to of Kumamoto. City officials employ Germany in the pUblication of them for the "unclean" jobs, which books. In support of this striking the "better classes" do not want- statement the paper published by the killing stray dogs, burying the dead, Japanese Student Christian Associacollecting garbage and the like and tion in this country quotes the recent they are excluded from social con- report of the Bureau of Police Affairs tacts, marriage relations with the of the Ministry of the Interior (which upper classes, and public offices. A Department, strangely enough, con- Japanese Methodist preacher and his trols the publication of books). In family have gone to live among them, 192414,061 new titles were published, to put into practice the principle of in 1925 18,028. Figures for the first the brotherhood of men. The Suihei- part of the year indicated that 1926 sha throughout the empire are well would pass the 20,000 mark. Gerorganized for self-protection. The many (or rather books published in police live in constant fear of a the German language in Germany, Suiheisha uprising, and often oppress Austria, Switzerland, etc.), led the them. Freedom of speech and action field in 1r24 with 30,734, and Great they scarcely know. A few are edu- Britain followed with 12,706. In the cated; some are rich and by hiding United States, the number is surtheir relationship have risen to high prisingly small, the record for 1924 places-but in general repression, un- being only 9,012, of which only 6,- just discrimination and constant es- 380 were new books, while the others pionage are their lot." were pamphlets and new editions.

"No Girls Here~' The Gospel in a Japanese Prison MANY houses in Japanese fishing WHEN the workers of the Scrip- villages bear a sign reading "No ture Gift Mission were distribut- Girls Here." According to Miss ing gospels in the City of Sendai, Elsie McIntosh, Y. W. C. A. Indus- northern Japan, the governor of the trial Secretary in Osaka, parents put

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

prison received a eopy of St. Mark '8 York City, with their combined popu- Gospel. After reading it in his lation of 3,113,371. Officers of the home, he decided to get into toueh World's Sunday-School Association with someone who knew more about were led to make this comparison by a the One he had read about in the letter from Rev. Charles A. Clark, Gospel. The result was that he sent treasurer of the Association in Korea, for a worker in the city, and after in which he reported as follows what asking several questions he asked this he found in visiting four schools one worker if he could come and give recent Sunday morning in Seoul; talks on the life of Christ to the 800 "There were ] ,313 in attendance at convicts in the prison. He said he one Sunday-school, over 1,400 in an- was most anxious that his men should other, 800 in another and 1,000 in hear about this remarkable person another-all graded in at least four Jesus Christ. Arrangements were grades and one in seven." In JliIan- made and the worker went to address hattan only two white and one colored the convicts. "The first meeting," Sunday-school claim an average at- says Evangelical Christ endQlln, "was tendance of over 1,000. Two other full of power and intense conviction colored schools may have such an at- rested upon all present, including the tendance at times. Just one school in Governor and two Buddhist priests. Richmond Borough reports an aver- He has gone again to address them, age attendance of 1,000 and none in and when the report reached us the Queens. Seven in Brooklyn are in other day, over 200 men were seeking the 1,000 class.

to know Jesus as Saviour."

Fruits of Hospital Evangelism Korean Lepers Spread the Gospel T HRISTIAN lepers in Fusan, HAT the American Presbyterian C Korea, according to Rev. J. Noble busy in pointing its patients to the Hospital in Syenchun, Korea, is Mackenzie, have always had a re- Great Physician is evident from the markable zeal for the propagation of report that during the past year the the Gospel that has done so much for two evangelists in the hospital had them, and bands of them have gone spoken to 4,700 men about their souls'

out during the warm summer months welfare. There were 800 who pro- when they could sleep outside in order fessed to have believed on the Lord to preach the Gospel to their follow- and 165 have been followed up and countrymen. For a year they sup- are known to be definitely believing.

ported a non-leper evangelist out of As a result of the work of these two their scanty allowances, but were not men five new groups have been satisfied with the results of his work. started this year and in five house- One of the Bible Institute students is holds the gods and ancestor tablets now their own special evangelist have been burned. One lllan who among the heathen, and they are ex- came from fifty miles away to be op- pecting great things from him, for erated on professed the Lord as his they are earnestly supporting him Saviour and went home. An urgent with their prayers as well as by their request came from his town for the contributions from what is barely evangelist to go there for a month and sufficient for the support of their own the result was thirty earnest Chris- diseased bodies. tians.

Sunday-schools in Seoul and N. Y. ISLANDS OF THE SEA SEOUL, Korea, with about 250,000 s>. ·~entenary in the South Seas people, has more Sunday-schools of over 1,000 members each than are T HE people of Tonga-the modern to be found in the boroughs of Man- name for the group of islands in hattan, Richmond and Queens in New the South Pacific which used to be called the Friendly Islands-have

been celebrating the centenary of the not only to the American teachers but beginning of work among them by also to the fine cooperation which they the Methodist Missionary Society of have received from their Filipino as- Australasia. The present population sociates. He continues: "Great of the islands is about 24,000, includ- credit is reflected upon both groups ing about 500 Europeans. Tonga is by the rapid transfer of the work to the only one of the Pacific groups the Filipinos. Few Americans rethat has retained its political inde- main, even in the positions of greatest pendence. Fiji is a Crown Colony; responsibility: three out of twenty- Papua is a territory of the Australian three in the splendid provincial high Commonweath; Samoa and New school at Baguio, eight or ten in the Britain are under mandate. But high school and normal school at Tonga, although a British protector- Laoag with three or four thousand ate, has its native sovereign, cabinet students, none at all in excellent muand Parliament. It administers its nicipal schools of a thousand or more own affairs, elects its own Parliament, students like Calamba and Pasuquin. and constitutes its own cabinet and It would be hard to find anywhere executive. And it governs itself eco- else such zeal for education as nearly nomically and efficiently. It has no everybody in the Philippines maninational debt; its people can all read fests. . . . The most effective misand write; a~d there is neither pov- sionary cooperation in the educational erty nor unemployment from one end movement has been in the mainteof the group to the other. nance of Christian dormitories ad- jacent to the large provincial and C. E. Society Leads to Church national schools to which students come from a distance." I N THE Marshall Islands in the South Pacific, there are Christian The Meeting; of the Coins teachers on all the islands that are inhabited. One of the last to receive A N ALLEGORY tells or a the Gospel is Bikini, which has a .tl.. "special meeting or coins population of eighty souls, and until held in the offertory-plate." only a few years ago, when Rev. C. F. The pennies attended in large Rife landed on its shores, the people numbers and the nickles were were all pagans. "At that time," well represented. Several dimes writes Mr. Rife, "we held a service and quarters stated that alunder the cocoanut trees. The though they had been in the teacher, his. wife, their two children, habit of attending offertory and my four or five boys were the meetings with fair regularity, only ones that took part in, or could they had, of late, been so much assist in, the singing. Some of the employed at the moving picture people asked what we were doing. In shows, even on Sundays, they the course of five months they all be- found it difficult to attend the gan to repent, and in a year they offertory. The dollar wrote were trying to follow, in the Chris- that he was so much needed at tian Endeavor Society, the light that the golf club, that he had rethey had. The Christian Endeavor tired fro m offertory-p 1ate Society was organized before the duties. A telegram was receivchurch, and it was through the Chris- ed from .A. Cheque, Esq.: "Extian Endeavor training that church pected to come, but detained to members were gained." settle motor-car transaction. " One penny that had a golden Filipinos Eager fo:r Education look reported that he had been brought by a poor widow filled THE educational transformation with love.-London Outlook. which has taken place in the last few years in the Philippines is due, says W. R. Warren in World Call,

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

THE REVIEW.

Raj, Brigand Chief. Amy Carmichael. Captain Brinkley and his collabor- IlIus. 8 va. 312 pp. $2.50. New York. 1926. agatovr~ Baron Kikuchi, a decade ago us an excellent history of the The story of Robin Hood has a perennial fascination for young and Empire from mythological ages to the old. Here is a story of a modern Robin Hood in Southern India that time of writing; Lafcadio Hearn's is of even more compelling interest than that of his prototype in Eng- volumes especially "Japan, an Atland. It is a true story of the adventures, outlawry, the transforma- tempt at Interpretation," have nearly tion and subsequent trials of a young, well-born . and prosperous Indian realized his aim; H. H. Powers has athlete. He was driven into a life of banditry by the false accusations of variously enabled the reader to VISUthe native police, and lived a lawless but daring and gallant life with many alize the land its art, it~ in~tituti()ns acts of kindness to the poor. Raj was finally won to Christ, but his life was and people; , and Trowbridge Hall not to be long spared for he met a tragic death. has done his "silhouette" work Miss Carmichael tells the story in within a year. Our author has renthe same fascinating style as that which marked her "Things as. They dered all these services for Japan and Are" and other books on India. The record is a spiritual stimulus as well for us in a single volume, and h~s as tale of adventure. It reveals the difficulties and trials of mission work done it in a literary style that IS in South India, as well as its allurements and recompense. The history rarely equaled in such works. of Raj shows the power of Christ and His Gospel to triumph over the great- 1<~rom Yamato Dake, "bravest in est obstacles and to win all classes of men. This is one of the outstanding YJaapmanaeto~e,; and Prince Shotoku, the missionary books of the year, both for "Father of Civilizati?n" its fascination and its inspiration. and early introducer of Buddhl~m, through nearly fourteen centurres, there is no important hero or era of national progress which has not been haloed with the glory of intimate pen lliQ,ture~ derived f1'()m the l()<lality ()1'

from interesting bits of literature or resurrected from prosaic history.

"It is written for the Man in the Street in the belief that he is inter- ested in history as a means to a pra.c- tical end-as the necessary means, m this case, of understanding somewhat more clearly the Japan of today, America's next-door neighbor. The attempt is here made to pick out the The Romance of Japan Through the Ages. high lights of history, and so to ar- By James A. B. Scherer. Illus., maps. range them as to illuminate the main $3.50. New York. 1926. steps of Japan 's progres~,. with This is "an interpretive outline of special reference to her pOSItIOn to- the story of Japan from the introduc- day." .. tion ()f Buddhism in 552 A. D. to the All the ads in the fasematmg passage of the manhood suffrage act drama too often tragedy, are won- in 1925." After revisiting the Japan drously told. So far as the review- of his young manhood the author has er's knowledge goes, there is no other written this volume which he wishes equally well staged story of Japan in to supersede his three earlier books. print. H. P. B.

77

The New Japanese Womanhood. Allen K. effect upon the traditional Islam of Faust. 12 mo. 164 pp. $1.50. New York. Turkey of a democratic form of gov- Missionaries in Japan, by their in- ernment. He says (page 134): "Betelligent and sympathetic interpretation of Japan to America, are ren- neath the surface, Constantinople is dering large service to the betterment {)f international relations, as well as in a social convulsion. . . . Youth to the cause of Christ. The author is admirably qualified to write of the everywhere here leads in the assault new Japanese womanhood because he has been for a quarter of a century upon the old and in placid acceptance a missionary of the Reformed Church in the United States and for a large of the new. . . . Can the Mohampart of that time President of the Woman's College in Sendai. Much medan creed survive here against the has been said ahout the wonderful development of the men of ,Japan, but disregard of the young? For a genthe moral level of a people never rises above the level of its wives and eration? Yes. For two generations; mothers. This. book deals with a vital prohlem and with admirable No." wisd{)m and sympathy. Its pages In Chapter III he speaks at length of "the Waiting Christ," referring to the mosaic of Christ in the Karle Djami which was not defaced as were all other representations of Christ when the Turks took Constantinople.

It is now in a mosque. The last chap- ter closes with a final reference to Hle "placid, patient figure of the Waiting Christ." J. L. B.

throb with human interest as they Our Missions in India. 1834-1924. E. M. Wberry. 12mo. 356 pp. $4.00. Boston. trace the progress of Japanese women 11)26.

from the days of Oriental subservi- The author, who arrived in India fifty-eight years ago, was promimmt ency to the new day in which women in the development of Presbyterian Missions in that Empire and hen<le are emerging from old and repressing gives his readers an authoritative, conditions into a new sphere of ac- tivity and influence. A. J. 13.

Constantinople-The Challenge of the though sometimes a too detailed docu- Centuries. Vietor Murdoek. 288 pp. Il- mentary report of the Presbyterian lustrated. $2.00. New York. 1926. Church CU. S. A.) activities during "Constantinople-The Challenge of its first eighty years. It has its thrills the Centuries" is a gripping book, up- in the Sepoy llutiny slaughter at to-date and full of color_ The author Cawnpore, when eight missionaries writes in the crisp, condensed style of and two of their children were ruth- an editor. There are thirty-six chap- lessly slain and thrown into the well ters in the book, no one of which is over which now stands one of the in any way connected with any other finest marble monuments of India; chapter. Each one was probably an in Mr. Owens' account of the Mutiny article struck out hot at the place of at AIrahabad, hardly alleviated by observation. his being able to save his "Hebrew In these chapters description is Bible, Greek Testament, Turretin's mixed with history, tradition and ro- Theology, Witseus' Economy Df the mance in a way that holds attention Covenants"; and in the lesser trage- and provokes t"hought. It would be dies of the assassination of Levi Jan- impossible for one t{) read this book vier, immediately after a communion and not want to visit Constantinople service, by a Sikh fanatic and of the and stand there, as did the author, in sufferings and deaths of Indian Chris- the presence of the past centuries and tians (page 115).

glimpse the future. More instructive is the development Mr. Murdock, with an acumen to of the work and the growth in appre- read the signs of the times, as so many ciation of Indian ability and equality- fail to do, weighs again and again the -too slowly in later years- and the ultimate establishment of a union of of living. We also learn many inter- esting facts about 1Ianchuria, Chinine Presbyterian bodies in the Pres- nese medicine men, and soldiers. Twice Dr. Howard, who was formerly byterian C;hurch in India, and par- a student missionary volunteer, men- tions God in his narrative-once tial union with other denominations when he records a prayer fDr courage in the face of death, which prayer in West and South India. As Dr. was immediately answered; and once when he sang to the bandits, "Nearer Vherry cDuld have said "Jlagna My God to Thee. " This song reduced one bandit to tears, since it reminded pars fui" in connection with the de- him of his days in a mission school, but Dr. Howard does not seem to have velDpment of methods evolved in followed up his advantage. It is in- teresting to read this story in con· many departments Df missiDnary ac- junction with that of Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor's experience with tivity, readers are certain that this bandits, "With P'u and His Brig- ands." Both are worth reading. eVDlution is nDt of the armchair type. Our Chnrch Abroad: The Foreign Missions Mass movements have not been a of the Lutheran Church in America. George Drach, Editor·in-Chief. 258 pp. specialty Df the Presbyterians, as 7 maps and many illustrations. $1.25. l'hiladelphia. ]926. with the lIIethodists, hut they have This book is the outgrowth of the done a mDre fundamental work in wDrk done by the Lutheran Foreign Missions Conference. At the time education, as in the Forman Chris- when the Lutheran missions in all parts of the world were affected by tian College, of which Sir J. C. R. the course of the World War and many mission fields were denuded of E"'ing was fDr some years the distin- foreign workers, the Lutherans of America determined to save for the guished principal. In theological Church the fields that had so suf- fered. The relief was carried on education Drs. Wherry and S. H. principally, though not entirely, by the Xational Lutheran CDunciL The Kellogg were among its able profes- several Lutheran bodies which were principally concerned in the consersors. Too little is said of the won- vation of the Lutheran fields united in 1919 in what was known as the derful medical work under Dr. Wan- Lutheran Foreign Missions Confer- ence of America. This book, describleps-nDt vVandless as Dr. vVherry ing the history of foreign missions as carried on by the various Lutheran spells the name-at Miraj. The In- Synods and general bodies in Amer- ica, was prepared by the Rev. George dex is also woefully inadequate for a Drach, a general secretary of the Board of the United Lutheran book that must be largely one for ref- Church. It does not give any de- tails concerning other Lutheran erence. H. P. B. mISSIons. Several chapters were fur- nished by men prominently identified Ten Weeks With Chinese Bandits. Har,ey with the work of foreign missions of .J. Howard. Illns. 8 vo. 272 pp. $3.00. :'ow York. 1926.

2Ianv bODks have been written to describe adventures with bandits in China and elsewhere, but we know of none mDre thrilling than this that tells of the experiences of the American Professor of Ophthalmology in Peking Union ,Medical College among the bandits in ~Ianchuria.

Dr. Howard tells a graphic, straight forward story of his capture, while on a visit tD his friend, MajDr Palmer, who was killed in the attack. Then followed ten hard weeks of forced marches, of cDld and hunger, with constant danger and repeated threats of torture and death. The story is very vividly tDld, but without melodramatic effort or any attempt to harrow the feelings of readers unnecessarilv.

In addition to a stirring tale of adventure, there is much infDrmation about bandits-their motives, their characters, their manners, their ways their own general bodies carried on Christ in the Four Gospels. John H. Cable.

in India, China, Africa, Japan, South 375 pages. $2.00. New York City. 1926.

America, Madagascar, New Guinea. This book is based on a harmony To these histories are added many of the gospels, and is intended for pages of statistics, a directory of students in groups, or for individuals American Lutheran Foreign Mission who desire to know the Wonderfui Boards and Societies and a bibliog- Life more completely. The author raphy of works in English, German, has used the material in his own Swedish and Norwegian. It is the classes in the Missionary Training most complete presentation of the Institute at Nyack, and evidently is subject hitherto attempted and is no dry pedagogue, for his comments written from the standpoint of each have much interest and zest. There mission described. c. T. B. is also evident a genuine devotion to Christ which is refreshing. The Ecuador. A Story of Missionary Achieve- headings in heavy type, showing the ment. W. F. Jordan. 130 pp. Illus· divisions, the index of subjects, and trated by Photographs of Life and Scen· scripture index are helpful. ery of the Country. $1.50. New York. 1926. An example of the work of this Paul's missionary journeys excite author is seen in the account of the the admiration and interest of all Christians. Are we less interested in Temptation of Jesus, in which the the present regeneration of South America than in that long-ago con- problem is considered as a SUbjective version of Southern Europe ~ In this story of missions in Ecuador, we have or objective temptation. But he cona thrilling account of travels in lands difficult and little known, of the ex- cludes by saying that, whatever form penditure of lives in patient preaching and teaching amid persecutions, the testing took, the Adversary came of Bible distribution among those hungry for the Word, of reborn souls to Jesus, as he comes to us today eagerly bringing others to Christ. It is a record as full of meaning to as an angel of light. He notes how- South America as was Paul '8 work to Europe. ever: "Peloubet says that he comes Because of its wealth of detail, this not in the sparkle of the wine cup, but in its dregs."

Many authorities are quoted, fre- quently at length and in most cases very aptly. The author is conserva- tive, but he is in no sense reaction- ary, and gives useful information and illustrative material to throw light on the Word. J. F. R.

account of the advance of the Gospel Medizin und Missi'on im Fernen Osten. By in Ecuador is most compelling. Na- Dr. Ludwig Aschoff. Berlin. 1926.

tive homes and sordid towns, bleak This is a lecture by a professor of mountains and hot plains, marshy medicine in Freiburg University on streams and steep trails, hold our in- medical missions. It is also one of terest, while across the pages fre- the study booklets of the Ostasien quently flash the brilliant hues of tropical birds and butterflies; yet lfission.

the value of the book lies in its careful Through Teakwood Windows. Ethel Cody showing that today Christ makes over Higginbottom. Illus. 129 pp. $1.25.

men and nations just as He did in New York. 1926.

Paul '8 time. Slowly they are trans- Not since Amy Wilson Carmichael formed, one by one, a steady growth gave to us her clinging portraits of from within, where by the loving India's little temple girls and their word of some friend, or the teaching tragic life and rescue, has anything of a stray Bible, a little seed of His appeared so concrete and intimate as Spirit has been planted. The book this book.

abounds in arresting word-pictures Ethel Cody Higginbottom, a near that are true to life. M. N. w. relative of Buffalo Bill, is not afraid

The Missionary Review of the World — 1926 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW of the WORLD VOL. XLIX OLD SERIES VOl,. XXXIX NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-ill-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to Vecember, 1926 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. REV••TOHN McDoWELL, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL FLORENCE E. QUINLAN REV. WM. P. ScHELL, D.D. MRS. E. C. CRONK MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORIN REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. ]'. C. STEPHENSON, M.D.

MRS ••JOHN FERGUSON REV.•TAY S. STOWELL REV. S. G. INMAN REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. FENNELL P. TURNER MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD REV. C. E. VERMILYA, D.D. RDBERT P. WILDER, D.D. REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLY GRACE LINDLEY REV'. H. E. LUCOOCK, D.D.

ELLA D. MACLAURIN COPYRIGHTED, 1926~PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

THIRD AND RElLY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVEIlUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President li'REDERICK L. COLVER WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Mas. E. C. CRONK W ALTF-R McDOUGALL, Treasurer ERW M. NORTH DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FLEMING H. REVELL HARLAN P. BEACH CHARLES L. 'VHITE 997 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page Afghanistan. Tirah ……………………… 259 Moslem World …………. , ……………….. 745 China-Anti-Western! Cartoon ……………. 931 Moslems, Linguistic Distribution of …….. 747 – Fenchow Station, North ………………. 334 – Territory Under Various Armies …….. 916 – Political Distribution of ……………….. 747 Near East Relief Stations ……………….. 586 – Wuchang, Siege of ……………………. £129 Persia, Growth of Moslem Converts in …… 796 Church Member Ratio, America ………….. 17 Sudan, Angl<>-EgYPtian ………………….. 414 – – – China …………………………….. 18 Tirah, Showing Rescue Adventure ………. 259 Community House Activities, Presbyterian .. 99 United States-Percentage of Increase in Japan, Growth of Industrial Workers….. . Rural Population ………………………. 493 ……………………….. 2nd cover, F'ebruary Mesopotamia, TTnited Mission ……………. 867 – Program and Staff of Larger Parish, Ash- Moslem Converts in Persia, Growth of •…. 791> land, Maine ………………………… 510 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Afghanistan-Automobile on Border of …. 941 IndiA.. Hindu Pilgrims Bathing ………….. Z45 Africa, Bridgman, Dr., Offering Prayer …… 431 – "Holy Man" ……………………………. 669 – Moslem Boy in North …………………. 769 – Kali Temple at Calcutta …………….. 671 – Outcasts Rescued by Mission …. 959, 961, 963 – Scene at Bathing Ghat …………………. 253 – Sudan, Protestant Cathedral at Khartoum 420 – Woman's College, Science Building, – Sudanese Children ……………………. 413 Madras ………………………………. 712 – – Woman ………………………………. 417 Indian Bible Women ……………………. 254- – Women Water Carriers in Rhodesia …… 872l – Girls and Women in Guatemala ……….. 851 – Zulus, Uncivilized …………………….. 404 International Relationships in the Making Algiers, Moslems at Lecture on Koran in …. 781 ………………… , …. , ……… , ……628, 629 Arab Girl, Unveiled …………………….. 771 Japan, Value of Christianity to .2d Cover, Sept. Asia Minor. Boy Scouts in Tarsus ………… 77~ Koran, Turkish Editi<>n of the ………….. 764 Atiyeh of Syria, Yusef …………………… 799 Korea-Hospital, Christians Helping Suffer- Balthazar, Bishop D……………………… 287 Blind Near East Relief Orphan Reading Bible 602 ers in Mission ……. 2d C<>ver, September – Pierson Memorial Bible School ……….. 697 Boy Scouts in 'rarsus, Asia Minor ………. 773 Likumbi, Rev. Zakeu of South Africa Brazil, Charl<>tte Kemper Seminary, Grad- …………………………… 2,d Cover, June uates of …………………………….. 836 McCarthy, Peter …………………………. 283 Buckhorn, Kentucky, General View ………. 538 Mexican Evangelical Ministers ……………. 195 – – Members of Parish …………………. 484 – Pmtestant Church …………………….. 198 Buddhism, New …………………………… 341 – – – in the Making ……………………. 193 Buddhist Magazine ……………………….. 343 Mexico, Group of Elders ………………… 197 Bull, Wilbur 1.. of Maine ………………… 509 – Wayside Missionary Work …………….. 164 Bridgman, Fr€derick B., of Africa ……….. 429 Mission, Morning Star …………………… 285 Cairo, Lottery Tickets, Boys Selling ……..783 Moslem Boy in North Africa, A …………… 769 – Whisky Advertisement in ……………… 783 – Costumes …………………..707, 708, 709,710 Chalmers, James of Papua ………………. 682 – Fashion Revue ………………………… 707 China, Christian Students, Higher Normal .. 425 – Hodja Reading Koran ………………… 763 – Conference for Pastors ……………….. 324 – Maiden-Whither? ………….. Cover, October – Congregation in ………………………. 324 – Mosque at Woking, England …………… 749 – Fair in Shens! ………………………… 335 – Pilgrims at Mecca, Worshipping at the – Family of Fung Hin Liu ………………. lQ9 Kaaba ………………………………. 740 – Fenchow Church ……………………….. 337 – Seekers after God ……………………… 271 – Fung Hin Liu ……………………….. 108 – Womanhood Without Christ ………….. 792 – Ginling College Students ………………. 713 – 'Women, Old-Time Street C<>stume ……… 766 – !n the Making, New……………………. 87 Moslems at Lecture on Koran in Algiers …. 781 – Outstation Church …………………….. 337 Mosque of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople, – Tai, a Christian Evangelist …………… 956 Interior <>f ………………………….. 754 – West China Union University …………. 427 Muskrat, Ruth, a Cherokee Indian ……….. 660 Chinese Girls Playing ………………….. 93 Mustafa Kemal Pasha of Turkey ………… 762 – Nurses, Hangchow …………………….. 139 Nam-Po, Kim of Korea ………………….. 695 Chiu, Mrs. W. T. Zung, of China ……….. 459 Near East :aeIief, Armenian Service in Church at the Center ……………. Cover, July Greece ………………………………. 644 Colombia, Country People in ……………. 849 – Bible Class at Sidon ………………….. 604 – Protestant Convention in ……………… 945 – Blind Orphan Reading New Testament …. 602 Crawford. Dan, of Africa ………………. 675 – Church Service in Syria ………………. 599 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. . ………………………. 554 – Eyeni.ng Prayer in Girls' Dormitory in Crowdy, Dame Raehael ………………….. 890 Damascus, Christian Refugees from Hauran 589 Syria. '" ………………….. '" …….. 001, – Prayer Meeting Group of Nazareth – Ruins of Missionaries' Home ………….. 591 Orphans ……………………………… 600 – – – "Street Called Straight" …………. 590 New Britain, Children of Savages ……….. 620 Dolls, American and Japanese Children with – Christians Listening to Sermon ……….. 619 ……… , .. , ………………….. , … 628, 629 – Mission Children Playing …………….. 621 Egypt. Nile Mission Press Composing Ro(}m 577 – Native ChUrch ………………………… 623 El Azhnl" Fniversity Court ……………….. 775 – – Translation of St. John 3: 16 ……….. 624 – – – Entrance to ………………………. 780 – Natives Dancing ………………………. 617 England, Mosque at W{)king', Surrey ………. 749 Negroes Going to Church in Chicago …….. 436 Fanoas, Rev. Malek. of Khartoum ………. 421 Newman, Rev. Elias in Damascus ………… 590 Guatemala, Indian Girls and Women in .. , .851 Nile Mission Press, Composing Room …… 577 Hoote. D. E ………………………………. 1D5 Palestine-"Well of the Virgin" in Nazareth 937 Hungary, College and Seminary at Debrecen ?89 Papua, Dobu Widow …………………….. 112 India. Ganges at Benares, Shore of ……….. 667 – Methodist Church in ………………….. 121 – Hindu, Fakirs at Festival In ………….. 255 – Old and New Life in ………………….. 84 998 Page Page United States, Buckhorn, Kentucky, General Papua, W. E. Bromilow and Native of 119 Papuan Pastors and Wives ………………. 117 View …………………………………… 638 Papuans Dancing, Non-Christian ………… 111 – Bns Service, Daily Vacation Bible School, – Giving Dance of Welcome, Christian …. 113 Colorado …………………………….. 613 – Chapel Car for Mexicans ……………… 529 Persia, AII-Peraia Inter-Mission Conference.. 865 – Children, Rural ………………………. 545 – Colporteur Distributing Literature in ., 859 – Church School, Beginners in Week-day •. 689 – – – .Tuniors of Weekday ……………… 687 Pye, Watts Orson …………..•….. 324, 333, 338 – Colporteurs ……………………………. 532 Reichelt, K. L., and Buddhist Convert …… 339 – Community House, Detroit, Dodge ..•…. !Y7 Rural Children ………………………….. 545 – – Kindergarten, Chicago ……………… 95 – – Orchestra …………………………… 547 Sadhu Sundar Singh ……………………. 31 – – Playground ….. : …………………… 968 Schroeder, Capt. G. W. . …………………. 361 – – Work in Kansas ……………………. 692 – Day Nursery ………………………….. 527 Siam, Christian Elder and Family …•……. 4 – Immigrants, Children's Play Ground, Ellis – Christian Girls in North …………….. 45 Island ……………………………….. 25 – Lao Market Scene in North … 2d Cover, .Tan. – – Community Work for ………………. 693 – – Women Fishing……………………… 46 – – Missionary, with Slovak and Croatian.. 1 – – Newcomers Playing Games …………. 29 ·-Where Women Acquired the Habit …….. 43 – – Six Nationalities at Ellis Island …… 27 Siamese "Little Mothers" ……….. " .. ..• 41 – Indian Church at Sacaton, Arizona …….. 609 Starr, Lillian Wade ……………………… 261 – – Elder ……………………………….. 611 – – Primary Class, Casa Blanca Church …. 613 – Mrs. V. H. and Rescue Group ……….. 267 – Indians Repairing House of Widow …… 615 – Mrs. V. H. in Afridi Costume ………… 263 – Larger Parish Council ……………….. 511 Rt"dent Fellcwsbip Houee, Philadelphia ….. 131 – Migrant Children Dramatizing Bible Story 528 – – Worker's Kitchen …………………… 523 Sndan, Protestant Cathedral at Khartoum .. 420 – Migrant's Home, Interior of ………….. 526 Sudanese Children ………………………. 413 – Negroes Going to Church in Chicago …… 435 – New Method of Travel in Texas ………. 497 – Woman ………………………………… 417 – Old Method of Travel in Texas ………… 4911 – Orchestra, Community …………………. 547 Syriq ChristIan Refugees from Hauran in – Rural Church Chlldren in Pageant ….•• 548 Damascus ……………………………. 589 – – Parish in Colorado ………………….. 512. – Young People's Conference in the Black – Damascus' "Street Called Straight," ruins on ……………………………………. 590 Hills …………………………………. 515 Uruguay, Crandon Institute, Montevideo, Stu- – Golden Rule Children …………………. 935 — RuinB of Missionaries' Home in Damascus 590 dents at ……………………………… 836 Taylor, J. Hudson ……………………….. 103 Turkey, "Liberation Parade" in Constantinople …………………………………. 765 – Modern Ruler of ………………………. 762 – Mosque of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople Interior of· ………………………….. 754 Turkish Girls in American School at Brousa 767 – Koran …………………………………. 764 – Students in the Adana Lycea …………. 761 AUTHORS Page Page Felton, Ralph A ……………………….. 492, 499 Abbott, Grace ……………………………. 217 FerriSS, James H ………………………… 283 Adams, Ralph S………………….. 523, 549, 811 Fleming, Mrs. D. J. .. …………………… 213 Allan, ft lexander M. . …………………608, 945 Flint, Annie Johnson …. ; ……………….. 604 Barber, Thomas E ………………………… 849 Fraser, Melvin …………………………… 605 Barton, James L ………………………….. 761 Gandhi, Mahatma …………………………. 34 Barton. Ralph F ………………………….. 210 Gilder, Richard Watson ………………….. 636 Bell, W. C. . …………………………….. 285 Greenslade, W. G…………………………. 798 Birg-e, .Tohn King-sley ……………………. 769 Griffith, John C. …………………………. 85 Blair, William Newton ………………….• 695 Gurley, Edith B…………………………. 975 Bromilow, W. E ………………………….. 111 Haislip, Irene …………………………….. 887 Brown, Edwin R. . ……………………….. 192 Haley, MolJy Anderson ……………………. 636 Brunner, Edmund deS ………………… 552, 574 Hall, C. .J. ……………………………….. 950 Burgess, Thomas …………………………. 885 Ma~n.a, Hazel E. :………………………… 41 Butcher. B. T ……………………………. 681 a bIson, Emmelme …………………….. 625 g~~~'on~e~a~es":::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ~iI Harsanyi, Alex. .. …………………………. 287 Hayne, Coe ……………………….. 25, 167, 360 Cantine. James ………………………….. 866 Headrick, Cecil …………………………… 210 Cash, W. Wilson ………………………… 786 Hickling, R, A. • ……………………….. 934 Catt, Carrie Chapman …………………… 631 Hodous, Lewis …………………………… 339 Chalmers, James …………………………. 176 Hooker, Elizabeth R. ……………………. 633 Chamberlain, W. 1. ……………………….. 847 Hounshell, C. G…………………………… 213 Cheng, C Y……………………………… 204 Howland, John …………………………… 357 Chenoweth. A. E. ………………………… 48 Huntley, George A………………………… 291 Chiu. W. T. Zung ………………………… 459 Inman, Mrs. S. G. . ………………………. 279 Clark, Francis E. .. ……………………… 182 Johnson, Arthur …………………………. 210 Clippinger, Florence C. . ………………….. 882 Johnson, Charles S. .. …………………… 440 Cochran, Mrs. J .. p,…………………….. 251 Jones, H. E ……………………………… 344 Coleman, H. C. . …………………………. 592· King, Rev. John Scott ……………………. 489 Conning, John Stuart …………. 298, 593, 714, 884 Kipling, Rudyayd …………………………. 60 Cowell. Henry J ………………………….. 1()2 Leitch, Mary and Margaret ……………….. 256 Cox, William H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 Leonard, PriscilJa ………………………… 59 Crawford, Dan …………………………… 678 Lewis, Amy G…………………………….. 631 Cronk, Mrs. E. C……………….. .47, 127, 173, Lewis, Mrs. James C……………………. 451 Lindsay, Vachel ………………………… 992 209, 289. 368, 449, 544, 625, 707, 801, 879, 965 Linton, J. H ……………………………… 793 Dana, Malcolm …………………………… 509 Luccock. Emory W. .. ……………………. 927 Deming, Charles S. .. ……………………. 697 Lyon, Sarah S. . ……………………….. 297 Detweiler. C. S ……………………………. 661 MacKinnon, Murdoch ……………………. 354 Duntze. Wilma ………………………….. 1DS MacLaurin, Ella D. •…………………… .. Dyar, Dorothy ……………………………. 210 Dy"art, Mrs. M. T ……………………….. 958 55, 137, 218, 295, 379. 459, 554, 711', 714, 808 888 970 Eakin, Paul A. .. ………………………… 278 Macleroy, Campbell M. .. ……………. : … .' 444 Eddy, George Sherwood …………………… 21 Mathews, Basil ………………………..843 937 Edward, James F ………………………… 666 McCauley, Elizabeth …………………… : 2.68 Eiko Fukui ………………………………. 137 McConnell, C. M………………………….. 520 Evans, Anthony H ……………………….. 667 McDougall, Eleanor ……………………… 888 Fauset, JeSSie …………………………… 442

INDEX

Page Page Shepherd, .J. E ……………………………. 780 McDowell, E. W. . .•.•…•…………………. 447 Shim omura, Juichl ………………………. 20 McDowell, John ., ……..•.•.•……………. 504 Shriver, WHliam P. ………………………. 95 Meyer, Henry H. …..•……•……………. 935 Silver, A. Ann ……………… : ………….. 211 Miles, Mrs. Oscar E. •….••……………. ,. 295 Simpson, Cora E. .. ………………………. 808 Moffett, Thomas C. ……………………….. 6114 Smith, A. J. .. ……………………………. 956 Montgomery, Andrew J . •…..•••.•..••…..•.• 629 Smith, Florence E. .. ……………………… 183 Montgomery, Helen Barrett ………………. 17 Speer, Robert E. . ………………………… 965 Morris, E=a ……………………………. 253 Squires, . Walter Albion …………………. 687 Moss, Leslie B. .. ……………………….. 214 Stauffer, Milton ……………………….. 212, 453 Mott, John R ………………………….. 674, 699 Stearns, Mrs. J. M………………………… 289 Naish, C. G. .. …………………………… 781 Stevens, George E. .. …………………….. 435 Newman, Elias ………………………….. 589 Stewart, .Tames L. . …………………….88, 422 Norton, Mrs. Ralph ……………………… 181 Stowell, Jay S. . ………………………… 345 Ogg, E. Jessie ……………………………. 551 Taylor, N. W. .. ………………………… 197 Osuna, Andres ………………………….. 6611 Thompson, Elmer ………………………… 130 pa.lmore, Jean M………………………… 705 Parson, A. B. .. ………………………….. 500 Thompson, Marion King …………………. 455 Patten, Marjorie …………………………. 691 Thomson. Charles A. . ………………….. $13 Patton, Cornelius H. .. …………………… 333 Tilsley, George Edwin ……………………. 675 Paxton, Jean Grigsby …………………….. 218 Topping, Helen …………………………… 126 Peet, H. W ………………………………. 843 Trowbridge, Stephen Van R. ……………. 791 Philips, H. E ……………………………… 775 Trull, Geo·rge H. ………………………… 47 Phillips, C. L. .. ……………………….. 363 Tyler, Florence G. . ……………………… 712 Pierson, Emma Belle D…………………… 258 Vinton, Sumner. R. .. …………………….. 599 Quimby, Nellie Earles ………………….. 449 Wares, Vera …………………………….. 371 Quinlan, Florence E. . ………………….. .. Wheaton, Gertrude Cody ……………….. 456 59, 134, 215, 298, 376, 456, 551, 6114, 711, 811, 885, 973 Wheeler, W. R. ………………………….. 845 Ransom, Charles Newton …………………. 429 W~i~e, C. L ………………………… 6, 165, 412 Rhodes, Harry A. ………………………… 179 WI IIams, Mrs. Maude N. . ……………… 947 Richter, Julius ………………………….. 753 Williams, Mornay ……………………….. 877 Riggs, Ernest W …………………………. 829 Williams, Walter B. .. …………………… 683 Rossman, Mrs. Philip M………………….. 376 Williams, Mrs. Walter B…………………. 874 Roys, Mrs. Charles K. .. ……………… 214, 379 Wilson, C. E. . …………………………. 953 Rugh, Arthur …………………………….. 201 Wilson, Warren H. .. …………………….. 493 Sadhu Sundar Singh ……………………… 31 Sailer, Agnes …………………………….. 209 Winton, G. B. .. ……………………….. 199 Schultz, Gertrude …. ………. …………… 55 Wysham, Wm. N. .. ……………………… 864 Sears, Charles Hatch ……………………. 853 Young, R. H …………………………….. 949 Zwemer, S. M. .. ……………..171, 27(), 413, 745 SUB]ECTS-.f/RTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Africa, "Preacher, the Big Stick" ……….. 817 Abyssinia., "Abundant Gold" in .2d Cover, August – Preaching to Moslems Forbidden ………. 816 Abyssinian Appeal to Beirut …………….. 229 – Progress and Problems in South, H. W. – Women, Earnest ………………………. 894 Advertising the Church, Plans for …….. 823 Peet …………………………………. 683 Afghan Frontier, Woman's Adventure on – Purity Work in Cairo ………………….. 461 – Rabao, The Little Outcast, Mrs. M. T. Emma Belle D. Pierson …………….. 258 Afghanistan, Schools In ……….. : ……….. 566 Dysart ………………………………. 958 Africa., After Ninety Years In Natal …….. 68 – Roman Catholic Gains in ………………. 724 – Books for Central …………………….. 228 – Self-Propagating Church ………………. 394 – Cannibals, Prayers of Former ………… 982 – Service or Slavery for a Missionary In – Christian and Moslem Heroes …………. 66 – Coliege at Achimota …………………… 237 Rhodesia …………………………….. 871 – Conference in Belgium on …………….. 564 – Slavery, Existing Forms of ……………. 5611 – Developing Kru Leadership ……………. 152 – "Ekltelo" In Congo …………………… 227 – Sowing Seed in Suez ………………….. 461 – Evangelist, Ex-Medicine Man an …….. 817 – Thirty Years' Changes in West, Melvin – Fruits of a Boys' School ………………. 67 – Gift from Heathen Headman …………. 896 Fraser ………………………………. 605 – Gifts from Converts, Surprising …….. 640 – Union in Central …………………….. 4&2 – Grace va. "Grandfather" ………………. 640 – Wife's Knowledge Converts Husband …. 664 – Heathen Village Won ………………… 462 – Woman Veteran in Natal …………….. 315 – Heathenism, Church Meets …………….. 896 – Women's Rights in the Cameroon …….. 725 – "Her Friend Jesus" …………………… 152 – Yoruba Christians Loyal ………………. 462 – Heroic VlIlage Teachers …………….. , 563 – – – Persecuted ……………………….. 817 – "I Want To Know This God" ………….. 67 African Boys Learn Trades ………………. 983 – Idols, Village Burns Its ……………….. 726 – Churcb Letter …………………………. 8W – In the Market Place …………………… 314 – Education, Plans for ………………….. 151 – Indians in Sonth ………………………. 896 – Habitations of Cruelty, W. C. Bell …….. 285 – International Conference on …………… 843 – Indian Problem, South ……………….. 153 – Inventions in Elat, Modern …………… 64() – Leaders, Training ……………………. 315 – Ivory Coast Mass Movement ………….. 896 – Learners, Earnest ……………………… 151 – Kikuyu Church, Growth of …………….. 315 – Native Churcbes, South ……………….. 153 – King Khama's Scn as Regent ………… 726 – Opportunity, West …………………….. 67 – – – Successors ….. '" ………………… 314 – – Pleads for a Missionary ……………. ?26 – Road, House by a West, Mrs. Walter B. – Kuruman Evangelistic Campailm …….. 983 Williams …………………………….. 874 – Miracle Wrought in West. Walter B. Africans, "Easy Way" for ……………… 897 Williams ……………………………. , 683 Alaskan Progress …………………………. 559 – Tundras, Gospel in …………………….. 721 – Mission Divided, Heart of ……………… 395 Albal1i&, Christian Books for …………….. 724 – Missions in Barbary States ……………. 394 Algeria, Arab Colporteur at Work ……….. 640 – Moffat's House Preserved …………….•• 228 America, Armenian Church In ……………. 649 – Moslem Learners in Nigeria …………… t28 – Atheism in …………………………….. 405 – Need in ………………………………… 64() – Foreign Problem Growing in, C. L. White 166 – New Nation In the Making, S. M. Zwemer 413 – International Exchange ……………….. 412 – – Stations in Mendlland ………………. 395 – Po~tuguese in …………………………. 557 – NUe Mission Press …………………… 895 AmerIcan Board Avoids Deficit ………….. 907 – Pentecost in South ……………………. 7.26 – – Reorganization ……………………… 472 Americans, New, Thomas Burgess ………… 885 America's Varied ReligiOUS Beliefs ……… 331 Arab ColporteUr at Work in Africa …….. 640

Page Page Arabia, Bible Teaching in Muscat ………. 815 Canadian Presbyterians StiIl …………….. 310 – Eager Listerners in Aden ……………… 566 Canal Zone, Churches in ………………… 311 – In Irak and ………………………….. 464 Cannibals in Sumatra, Triumphs Among, – Medicine and Bible in Oman …………. 641 C. J. HalI ………………………….. 950 – New Plans in Bahrein …………………. 464 Central America, Conditions in …………… 65 – Outlook in ……………………………. 728 – ~ Preaching from a Tree Top ………… 149 – School for Boys in Aden ……………… 464 Central Turkey College …………………… 727 – Ups and Do,wns in Kuwait …………….. 816 Ceylon, .church and School in …………… 231 Ara bs Prize Kuweit Hospital …………… 566 – Opium Shops, Closing, Mary and Mar- Argentina, Buenos Aires Boys' School …… 561 garet Leitch …………………………. 256 Armenia, Earthquake in …………………. 984 Armenians in America ……………….. 649, 650 Chalmers, James-Martyr of Papua, B. T. Arthington, Robert-"Miser" for Christ, C. Butcher ……………………………… 681 Children's Church in London …………….. 225 E. Wilson ……………………………. 953 Chile, Bible Commended in ………………. 723 Assam, Pioneering in ……………………. 466 Assyrian Christians, Help for …………… 397 – Church and State in ………………….. 475 – Christians, E. W. McDowell ………….. 447 – Tithers in ……………………………. 980 Atheism in America ………………… 30R, 405 China, Agriculture and Religion …………. 731 Atiyeh, Yusuf, Product in Syria, W. G. – American Friends and ………………… 55ll – ~ Missionaries Besieged ……………….. B03 Greenslade …………………………… 798 Australia, "Flying Doctors" in ………….. 905 – and World Peace, Mrs. C. K. Roys …… 379 – "Mott Conference" in Melbourne ………. 719 – Anti-Christian Agitation ………………. 467 Australian Church Union Plans …………. 236 – – Campaign Prohibited ……………….. 303 – Methodist Jubilee …………………….. 76 – – Movement in, C. Y. Cheng …………. 2M – Mission to the Blind ………………….. 992 Baltic States, Student Ideals in ………… 981 – Bible Picture Cartoons ………………… 820 Baptist Mission Board, Rival …………… 146 – ~ Verse Each Sunday …………………. 7a – Missionary Finances ………………….. 649 Belgian Gospel Mission ………………….. 6!J – ~ Wins Souls, Discarded ……………… 731 – Mission, Progress in …………………… 826 – Bolshevik Activities in ………………… 385 Belgium, Answered Prayer in, Mrs. Ralph – British Resolutions on ………………… 150 Norton ………………………………. 181 – Burning the Kitchen God ………………. 902 – Conference on Africa in ……………….. 564 – Canton College, New Name for ………… 468 BEST METHODS, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …. Monthly – Christian Bridge Builder ……………… 385 Bible in the Bnsh ………………………. 307 – – Fundamentals Mission ……………… 989 – in French Schools ……………………… 638 – – Shops Not Looted …………………… 140 – Malagasy Tribute to …………………… 817 – ReVising the Siamese …………………. 819 – Church and Its Money …………………. 232 – Society, American …………………….. 62 – Coeducation in West …………………… 901 – – New York ., …………………………. 222 – Constructive Forces in ………………… 325 Bibles, Demand for Braille ………………. 222 – Converts in One Mission, First ………… 903 – for Protection ………………………….. 384 – Creators of Public Opinion …………….. 731 – Given to Circus Folk …………………… 72 Blind, Books for, Religious, Irene Haislip .. 887 – Demand From Chefoo Christians ………. 72 – Mission to the ………………………. 992 – Ex-Convict Preacher …………………… 232 – of the World, For the ' ……………….. 909 – Feng, Marshal ……………………..140, 304 Bolivia, Rubber Trade in ………………… 826 – Foot Binding in ……………………….. 140 – Social Movement in …………………… 581 Bolivia's Need ………………………… 224, 980 – Fung Hin Liu of Canton, Wilma Duntze . 108 Bolshevism and Religion ………………… 151 – in Mongolia ……………………………. 570 – General's Zeal for His Men ……………. 820 Borneo, New Basel Mission in ……………. 388 – Gentry Aid Mission School ……………. 569 – "Wild Men" of ………………………… 568 – "Golden Rule Sunday" …………………. 384 Boy Scouts and the Church ……………….. 649 – Good News in Cairang …………………. 143 Brahmin Teacher's Need …………………. 900 Brazil, Carajas Indians in ……………….. 2"5 – Heathen Give to Church ……………….. 902 – Health Problems in …………………… 652 – Hindrance, to Christianity in, J. L. – Itinerating in Southern ……………….. 980 Stewart ………………………………. 88 – Persecution in …………………………. 149 – IlIiteracy, Overcoming Rural …………. 141 – Reli~, . Rev. Alva~o ..: ………………….. 1M – !:e IgIOUS. Edu.catJ?~, Ill ………………… 4!O – IncreaSing Confusion in ……………….. 839 – RevolutlOnanes Ill …………………… 602 – Industrial Situation in, W. T. Zung Chiu . 459 – Union Church of Rio ………………….. 3)2 – Industry, to Christianize ………………. 142 – United Ev,w.gelistic Effort in ………….. 721 Brazilian Frontier, On the ………………. 65 – Islam in ……………………………….. 903 – Mission to Portugal ……………………. 892 – labor Problems and the Y. W. C. A…… 8"1 – S. S. Convention ……………………….. 312 – Living Testimony ……………………… 72 – Town Made Over ………………………. 892 Bridgman, of South Africa, F'rederick R, – "Marks of the Lord Jesus" ……………. 645 – Medical College for Women ……………. 304 Charles Newton Ransom ……………….. 429 – Mission School Regulations in ………… 665 British Evangelicals Aroused …………….. 476 – Missionaries, To Limit ………………… 467 – Missionary Deficits ……………………. 561 – Rule, Palestine Under …………………. 8q8 – Missions, New Crisis in, John C. Griffith. 85 – Y. W. C. A. Conference ……………….. 637 ~ Moslems of Kansu, Among the ………… 732 Buckhorn, Kentucky, Story of …………… 539 Buddhism, Awakening of, Lewis Hodous …. 339 – Mott Conference in …………………….. 407 – Influence of Modern, Japan ……………. 469 – Non-Missionary Hospital ………………. 141 – Russian Interest in ……………………. 562 Bnddhist Missionary Plans ……………….. 305 – Nurses All Christians …………………. 732 – Priest's ConfeSSion ……………………. 901 – Prince Y. M. C. A, Patron …………….. 570 – Obstacles to Christianity in, J. L. Stewart 422 – Sunday-Schools ………………………… 904 – Opium Smoking Increasing ……………. 645 Buddhists in California …………………… 147 – – Survey of …………………………… 901 Buddhist's Son a C. E, Leader in Siam ….. 64.~ Bulgaria, Robert College for …………….. 393 – Out-Station Work, Rewards of ………… &20 Burma, Slavery in …………… 1'55, 383, 466, 901 – Power of Christian Home ……………… 645 Burmese Bu6dhists Won …………………. 155 – Prayer for Language Teachers ………… 7.1 ~ Girls, School for ………………………. 568 – Mill Owner …………………………….. 303 – Pye, Watts 0., C. H. Patton ………….. 333 "Cambridge Seven," New ………………… 3111 – Real Religion in Saigon ……………….. 468 Cameroon, Women's Rights in the ……….. 725 – Ricksha Coolies. Mission for ………….. 819 Canada, Sunday-School Missions in ………• 651 – Sellin~ Porridge and Preaching, A. J. Smith …………. ; ……………………. 956 – Situation in, Missionary View of the, Emory W. Luccock ………………… 927 – Sixty Years in, Henry J. Cowell ………. 1m – Street Evangelism in Szechwan ……….. 46~ – Students Open Bible Schools ………….. 9R9 – – Personal Contact With ……………… 731 – Swatow Baptists Independent ………….. 141 – ViIlage of Yellow Gold…………… 821 – Women's Evangelistic Band……….. 305 – Words on the Lantern ………………… S~9 – Workmen Evangelists ………………… 988 – Y. M. C. A. Branches in Shanghai …….. 902 – Y. W. C. A. and Labor Problems in …… 820 Chinese Bible Encyclopedia .: …………….. 232 – Boy Teachers … " •.•• ., .•. "…………….. 233

INDEX

Page Page Chinese Christian Gentlemen …………….. 141 DEATHs-Smith. Mrs. Arthur H ………….. 481 – Christians Ask for China, What ………. 922 – Trowbridge, Mrs. Margaret R ………….. 481 – ~ Giving ………………………………. 469 – Wallace, Mrs. William, of Mexico …….. 321 – Ch urch, Roots of the ………………….. 569 – Wherry, Mrs. E. M., of India …………. 321 – Deaf Children, For ……………………. 142 – Whitmee, S. J., of Samoa …………….. 163 – General Buys Bihles …………………… 304 – Wood, James of New York .. 3d Cover, April – Girls in Factories ……………………… 820 – Woodbridge, Samuel 1. ….. 3d Cover, October – Give Infirmary ………………………… 908 – Wuerz, Friedrich … , ………………….. 659 – in San Francisco ……………………… 559 – Young, of Aden, Arabia, Dr. John C., — Mission to Lepers ……………………… 64n4 Campbell M. Macleroy ……………….. 444 – Moslems, HosDital for ………………… Disaster, Christian View of ……………… 837 – Official, Notahle ……………………….. 569 Doll Messengers of Friendship , …………… 628 Doll~r,. Uni~d States, T~e ………………. 62 – Paper for Rural ……………………….. 232 – Students, Leaders for …………………. 644 DomInICan Endeavorers ……………….. 560 – Surgeon Honored ………………………. 3&5 Dominicans, Protection f()r ………………. 149 – Think of Christianity, What, Arthur Rugh 201 Ecuador "Humanly Impregnable" ……….. 892 – Uniting, Christian , … ,…………………. 4 EDUCATION and the IIome Base, Missionary, – Woman Evangelist …………………….. 2~3 James Cannon ……………………….. 274 – Women, Careers for …………………. 988 – Essential Lines in Missionary, Mrs. J. M. Stearns ………………………………. 289 Christ, Parable of Life in, Sadhu Sundar Singh ………………………………… 31 – for Women, Moslem Objections to …….. 774 – vs. Christianity ………………… .. .. …. 919 – International Council of Religious …….. 473 Christian Endeavor in Mission Lanas, Fran- Efficiency, Standard fer Church and Per- cis E. Clark ……………………… 182, 814 sonal …………………………………. 6~0 – Movements in Non-Christian World, G. Egypt, Assiut Summer School …………… 895 Sherwood Eddy ………………………. 21 – Christ in Old Cairo Hospital …………… 663 – Reformed Church Missions …………….. 721 – Evangelism in Cairo, Successful ……… 314 Christianity at Home and Abroad, Helen – – – Nile Villages ……………………. 981 Barrett Montgomery …………………. 17 – Moslem Heresy Trial ………………….. 227 Christie of Manch "ria, Chinese Honor …. ,. 411 – Old Watchman of Suez, H. E. Jones …… 344 Colleges for Women in Asia, Christian, – Prayed for Britain, When …………….. 639 Eleanor McDougal! …………………… 888 – Six Questions at Once …………………. 816 Colomhia, Prayer Brings Victory in …….. 979 – Women's Movement in ………………… 227 – Protestant Convention iu, Alexander M. Egyptian Pilgrimage Checked ……………. 639 Allan ………………………………… 945 Egyptians as Evangelists ………………… 895 – "Revival" i'n, Maude N. Williams ……. 947 El-Azhar University, Visit to …………… 780 Conference on Faith and Order …………… 573 English Metbodist Union …………………. 562 Congo Leader in Earnest, A ……………… 895 – Tax on Gambling ………………………. 637 – Youth and Temperance ………………… l2!l – Mission, Methodist …………………….. 152 Congregationalist Reorganization ……….. 978 Europe, Jews in Eastern ………………… 894 CooDerating Country Church, The, Marjorie – Postal Evaugelism in ………………….. 723 Patten ……………………………….. 691 – Prague Students Buy Testaments ……… 637 Cooperation, Advantages of, John R. Mott .. 699 European Cll urches. Help for ……………. 894 – in Foreign Missions, Closer ……………. 170 Evanston Committee, Plaus of …………… 648 – – Moslem Lands, Christian …………… 408 – Conference Aftermath …………………. 389 – – Work Among Spanish – Americans, Ewing, J. C. R., of India ………………13, 382 Charles A. Thomson …………………. 973 Exclusion, Asiatic ………………………… 299 – Wo,rld Student …………………………. 653 Faith, Faiths and No Faith ……………… 11 Costa Rica, Image Crowned in …………… 891 Fiji, Indentured Labor in ………………… 307 – Stone-Throwing in …………………….. 891 – Indian Problem in ……………………. 906 Crawford, Dan: Christian Pioneer of Africa, – – Teacher in ………………………….. 76 George E. Tilsley ……………………… 675 Fijians as ltlissionaries ………………….. 572 – – Letter From …………………….. 678, 896 Fmpino Day of Prayer …………………… 572 – Stud~nts. Accept Christ ………………… 991 Cuha, Sancti Spiritus School in ………….. 723 – Summer Institute in …………………… 891 – – Wmnlllg …………………………….. 719 Czecho-Slovakia, protestants in …………. 981 – Y. W. C. A. Pioneer …………………… 307 Czecho-Slovakian S. S. Teachers ………….. IS0 – Youth Moveme'It ………………………. 471 Czechs in Old New York Church …………. 650 Foreign Missions at a Standstill? Are, Harry Damascus, Bibles Sold in ……………….. 814 A. Rhodes ……………………………. 179 – in Time of War, Elias Newman ……….. 589 Formosa Head H'unters, Japanese Mission- ary to, H. C. Coleman ……………….. 59~ Dates. Importaut Historical Moslem and Chri~tian …………………………… ,. 7:"i!l France-McAII Mission, Results …………. 313 Datta Refused Admission to S. Africa, S. K. 567 – Religious Needs of ……………………. 22a DEATHS-Aitchison, John Y………………. 321 – Russian Students in Faris ……………… 638 – Baird. J. W …………….. 3d Cover, October Fraser, Donald …………………………… 15 – Bondfield, G. H., of China ……………. 163 French Indo China-Real Religion in Saigou 468 – Bradford, John H. .. ………………….. 835 – Schools, Bible in ………………………. 638 – Bridgman, of Soutb Africa, Frederick B., Friends and China, American ……………. 559 Charles Newton Ransom …………….. 429 Frontiers, Our New, C. L. 'White ………… 6 – Cassels, Bishop W. W., of China …….. 83 Gandhi on "The Language of Love" …….. 818 – Cautley, A. E …………….3d Cover, October – – Race Hatred ………………………… 69 – Chaplin, Maxwell ……………………… 6Pi1 Gandhi's Address to Missionaries ………… 34 – Conwell, Russell H., of Philadelphia …. 83 German Missionary Societies …………….. 89~ – Crawford, Dan ………………………… 481 – Missions, Status of ……………………. 393 – De.marest, William T …….3d Cover, October – Women Teach Missions ………………… 639 – Dhwiddie, Howard B., of Philadelphia .. 83 Germans Ask for Local OpU<m …………… 894 – Dodge, Cleveland H. …………………… 579 Germany, Russian Students in …………… 723 – Dray, A. B., of Beirut ………………… 321 Ghetto Today, Jesus in the John Stuart 5~ Conning ……………….'…………….. – Dunlap, Mrs. Eugene P., of Siam …….. 3 – Fairbank, Henry ……..2nd Cover, December Gifts .for Specific Purposes, A. E. Chenoweth 48 – Objects and Methods for Specific, G. H. – Goodrich, Rev. Chauncey, of China .,…. 3 – Haccius, of Germany. Dr. . ……………. 659 Trull …………………………………. 47 =GI~~G, .Chinese. Christian ……………….. 469 – Jordan, Wil1!am F ………. 3d Cover, October GifI~r~~Yi~t I~n': :::::::::: ::::::::: :::::: ::: – Lepsius, Johannes, of Germany ……….. 321 in Kobe, Japan, Church ……………… ~5t1~ – Lloyd, Albert R ……..2nd Cover, December – McGill, R. G…………….3d Cover, October – – Ogilvie, James Nicoll …………………. 835 – Sea'f'stress .Helps Two Continents ……… 14(; – Pye, Dr. Watts 0., of China …••……… 83 Gospel s MlsslOnary Commission, Fourfold, – Reis, Rev. Alvaro, of Brazil …………… 191 S. M. Zwemer ………………….. 171 Gr~,ece. Boy Refugees in …………………. 723 – Robinson, H., John Cooper ……………. 659 – Robinson, Mrs. Henrietta T., of India .,. 83 – Robert College for, A" ………………. S27 – Senft, F. H ………. , …. "" …………… 321 Greek Churches, Protestants and ………… 147

Page Page Guatemala, Airplane in ……•…….•…•..•• 560 Indian Affairs, Live Issues In, Thomas C. – Girls' School ……………………….•…. 224 Moffett .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. … 634 – Witch Doctor's Testimony …….••……•. 826 – Boys, Self Help for …………………… 390 Guatemalan Boy's Witness ………………. 891 – Festival, Christian ……………………. 383 Guiana, East Indians in …………………. 224 – Hospital, Moslems in an ……………….. 900 Haitian Priest Converted ………………… 651 – LaY!llen, Witness of …………………… 465 Harems, Hundreds Rescued From ..•…….. 897 – Mission in Arizona ……………………. 609 Hawaiian Gifts for Missions …………….. 648 – Moslems, Union Work for …………….. 818 Hehrew in Holy Land, Biblical ………….. 72:1 – Preachers as Exorcists ………………… 642 Hehrews, John Stuart Conning ………. 2ll8, 714 – – Versatile ……………………………. 466 Hindu Anti-Christian Society ……………. 987 – Problem in Fiji ……………………….. 900 – Tribute to Christians …………………. 301 – Queens, Progressive …………………… 731) – Widows, Remarriage of ……………….. 465 – School. Santee …………………………. 04 Hindus and Moslems in India, W. Paton .. , 587 – Students and the Bible ……………….. 301 Holy Land, Biblical Hebrew in ………….. 72:1 – Women, Progress Among ………………. 301 Home Base, Missionary Education and, – Villages, Y. M. C. A., in ……………… 899 James Cannon III ……………………. 274 Indians Evangelize Outcastes …………….. 819 – Miesion Appeal, Basis for, Jay S. Stowell 345 – in South Africa ……………………….. 396 – – Forces Meet at St. Louis, Coe Hayne .. 166 – of Amazon, Forest …………………….. 475 – – At the Old Crossing, Murdoch MacKin- – of South America, Neglected ………… . non ………………………………… 354 …………………………. 2d Cover, March Hospital, Arabs Prize Kuweit ……….•…. 666 – Power of Mexican ……………………… 891 – Christ in Ol-d Cairo …………………….. 563 – Presbyterian Wcrk for ………………… 558 – in Tiberias …………………………….. 565 – Read Gospels ………………………….. 302 Hsueh Tu Pi of China ……………………. 569 India's Attituda Toward Christ …………… 818 Hume, Robert A., of India ………………. 13 – Largest Church ……………………….. 729 Hungary-Protestantism in ……………638, 835 Industrial Exhibit in Uganda …………… 983 – Spiritual Awakening in, Alex. Harsanyi . 287 Intercessory Missionaries, Nellie Earles Immigrant, New Type of …………………. 389 Quimby ………………………………. 449 IMMIGRANTS as Brothers, Teaching, Coe International Council of Religious Education Hayne ………………………………. 25 – Growing Foreign Problem in America, C. Convention …………………………… 473 – Ideals of the Churches …f Christ in L. White …………………………….. 165 America ……………………………… 636 – Mexican …………… : …………………. 474 – Missionary Council ……………. 828, 847, 971 – Ten Months' Report on, C. L. White ….. 586 Interracial Conference, Women's ………… 978 – to American Churches, Relating European 133 – Work, Progress in ……………………. 474 Immigration, Challenge of Mexican, Edwin Iraq and Arabia, In ……………………… 464 R. Brown …………………………….. 19~ – Books as Tools in Baghdad ……………. 642 India-Arya Samaj, Ho&tility From ……… 643 – Plight of the Assyrian Christians, E. W. McDowell ……………………………. 447 – Baptisms In Cowshed ………………….. 567 – Bible Class of Hindu Men …………….. 230 – School QUestion in …………………….. 898 – Brahmin Serves an Outcaste …………. 986 Islam and Western CiviliZation, Basil – Caste Christians In DornakaI, Low .. 231, 878 Mathews …………………………….. 937 – – Reform in Travancore ………………. 302 – Books for the Study of, Ernest W. Riggs 829 – Children In Wolf's Den ……………… 986 – Call to the Church, R. A. Hickling …… 934 – Christ in Brahman Home ……………… 302 – Conversion From, Notable, A Missionary in Persia …………………………….. 859 – – in Hindu Temple ……………………. 230 – Christian Hymns Remembered ………… 71 – Evils, Moral and Social ……………….. 760 – – Shrine In Puri ……………………… 71 – in Cbina, Two Aspects of ……………… 903 – Church of England In …………………. 383 – Rise and Fall of, Julius Richter …….. 753 – Communit:r House in Bombay •………… 70 – Spread, How …………………………… 759 – Earnest Village Teacher ………………. 15" – Strength and Beauties of ……………… 760 Islamic World and Missions Today, The, – Gandhi's View on Sacred Books …….. 985 Samuel M. Zwemer ………………….. 745 – Gifts of Marathl Christians …………… 156 Islam's Greatest Failure, Stephen Van R. – Gospel for AIl Groups …………………. 465 Trowbridge …………………………… 791 – Hardwar Mela In, Emma Morris ………. 25~ – Hindu Widows Remarrying …………. 7(), 465 Italy, Active Protestantism in …………… 6& – Protestantism in ………………………. 313 – Hindus and Moslems In, W. Paton …….. 587 Japan, Apostle to the Slums of, Helen Top- – "Jesus Christ's Hospital" ……………… 730 – Leper Bible Students ………………….. 156 ping …………………………………. 127 – Buddhism, Influence of Modern ………… 469 – Mass Movement in Tlnnevely ………… 71 – Buddhist Magazine ……………………. 143 – – – Near Delhi ……………………….. 301 – – Missionary Plans …………………… 305 ~ Mill Workers, Helping ………………… 730 – – Prince Y. M. C. A. Patron …………. 570 – Missi(}naries Still Needed ……………… 728 – Christian Higher Education …………… 143 – Moslem Soldiers Say "Amen" …………. 567 – Courage of Kuramoto San, Jean M. Pal- more ………………………………… 705 – One Doctor, 18,000 Patients ……………. 155 – Opium Policy in ………………………. 383 – Crosses, Wearing ……………………… 235 – Outcastes, Indians Evangelize ………… 819 – Defender of Christianity in ……………. 470 – Democratic Tendency In ……………….. 74 – – Now Church Elders …………………. 567 – Fa,ctory Women in …………………….. 305 – Pathan Preacher, A …………………… 64~ – Giving in Kobe, Church ……………….. 718 – Gospel in a Model VlIIage …………….. 717 – Pioneering in Assam ………………….. 466 – Missionaries Needed in …………….717, 923 – Moral Problems in …………. ,………… 74 – Present Christian Situation in, James F. – "New God" in ………………………….. 75 – Osaka's Problems ……………………… 904 Edward ………………………………. 666 – Press. Films and Radio ……………….. 821 – Prohibition in ……………………… 234, 386 – Prohlhition, Demands …………………. 382 – Quaker Aoproach to ……………………. 5,,9 – Punjab, Village Work In ………………. 643 – Rural, Church in …………………… 990 – Religious Legi~lation ………………….. 646 – Race Lines Breaking Down …………… 985 – Saying- "Thank You" to God ………….. 7J8 – "S/tdni-ji" in the Hospital ……………. 901 – Self-Governing Church ………………… 2.~4 – SC1.Idder Family, In, ……. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 70 – Social Evil in …………………………. 235 – Slaves Set Free In Nepal ………….. 231; 819 – Students Against Militarism ………….. 469 – Students Responsive, Non-Christian ….. 818 _. Suicides Rescued ………………………. 75 – Theosophist Christ …………………….. 154 – Sunday-School Monthly for ……………. 387 – Traveler's Observations in, Anthony H. – Superstition and Suicide ………………. 469 – TTnevangelized …………………………. 143 Evans ……………………………….. 667 – Westernization of ……………………… 646 – Tribute to, Wm. H. Blake ……………… 729 – Wife of Priest Reads Bible ……………. 905 – Univprsity ReligiO'Us Lectureship ………. 30:~ – Un reached Villages in …………………. 230 – Witness of a Patient's Life ……………. 57Q – "We Cannot Make Them Stumble" ……. 729 – Woman Successor to Gandhi …………… 154 – Women Legislators Proposed ………….. 900 – "Yesu Swami," Faithful to ………….. 987 – "Young People," None In ……………… 899

INDEX

Page LePers, Chinese Mission to …………….. ~af~ J'apa.n, Wom.en's Christian Temperance Union m ……………………………………. 300 – Yoshiwara in Politics …………………. 990 t – Evangelists Cured …………………….. 823 Japanese-American Citizens ……………… 8,5 – Foochow's ntera"t in ………………….. 385 – Japanese Attitude to …………………… 387 – Bishop Asks, What a …………………. 75 – Korean Government Grant For ………… 144 – Braille Bible …………………………… 143 – New York, Ministry to ………………… 823 – Christian Students …………………….. 316 – Prayer List, Filipino ………………….. 23fl – Cbristians In Dairen …………………… 233 – Siamese Christian …………………….. 467 – Exclusion a Live Issue …………………. 904 – Under British Rule …………………… 977 – Ideas of Greatness …………………….. 386 "Leprosy, Rid the World of" ……………. 61 – in Los Angeles "Y" …………………… 474 Lingnan University …………………… 468, 644 – Missionary to Formosa Head Hunters, H. Literature Program, E. Jessie Ogg ……… 51 N C. Coleman .. , ………………………… 592 – Tract Society Fund ……………………. 6.3 – ewspaper Il1vangelism ………………… 646 Livingstone' Memorial ………………… 392, 893 = – Pastor's Secret ………………………… 717 Lutherans, Millions of Unchurched …….. 978 – Priests, Plight of ……………………… 822 Madagascar-Malagasy Christian Paper •… 984 – Prodigal Son in ……………………….. 570 Manchuria, Colportage in ………………… 234 – Scbools, Militarism in …………………. 234 – Korean Missions in ……………………. 571 – Students Abroad ………………………. 989 – School Needs in Mukden ……………….. 903 – Tribute to Christianity, Juichi Schimo- Manchurian Independence, For …………… 304 McAuley Mission, New ………………….. 978 mura …………………………………. 20 McCarthy, Peter, and Morning Star Mission – Women's Conference ………………….. 306 – Young Men's Club …………………….. 646 James H. Ferriss …………………….. 283 Java, Illiteracy in ……………………….. 72 Medical Missionaries, Roman Catholic …… 397 Javanese Christian Village ………………… 730 – Missions, Arabs Prize Kuweit Hospital .. 565 Jeanes Fund Work, Results of …………… 908 – – Conference ………………………….. 326 Jesus.in the Ghetto Today, John Stuart Con- – – Hospital in Tiberias ………………… 565 – – In India ………………………….. 986 Jewi~~n"6o~~~·~ts·: 'c;;~ti~~;{t~i'::::::::::::::::: ~J – – to Jews …………………………….. 317 Mespotamia, New Enterprise in James – Converts in Poland …………………….. 226 .,…. Good Will. Christian …………………… '147 Cantine ………………………………. 866 Jews Accessible to Gosepl ………………… 573 – and Christians Confer ………………….. 225 – United Mission in, James Cantine ……… 866 – Christians to Confer on ……………….. 977 Methodist Service Program ……………… 558 – Gospel by Mail to …. ,………………….. 63 – ~ear Gospel, Palestinian ….. , ………… 641 ~nbo:r~a~e~gl.i~~.. ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::: ~~~. – III Eastern Europe …………………….. 894 – – United States ………………………. 978 METHODS and Materials for Studying Moslem – Medical Missions to ……………………. 317 . World ………………………………… 801 – Winning the, Jobn Stuart Conning ……. 884 – World Union of Liberal ………………. 976 – Can It Be Done? Florence C. Clippinger 882 Keswick Colony in United States ………… 473 – Census, Take A Religious ….. . . . . . . . . . .. 545 Khama's Son as Regent ………………….. 726 .- De Luxe, Beware of Christianity ……… 967 Korea, Are Foreign Missions at a StandstUl? – Moslem Dates, Important ……………… 805 – – Population, Locating the ……………. 8W Harry A. Rbodes …………………….. 179 – Bibles in Pockets and Heads …………… 823 – – Tests, Taking ………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 805 – "Called to be an Evangelist" ………….. 647 – Famine Among Christians …………….. 329 – Mothers in Missions, Unmarried ……… 625 – Flood Victims, Relief for ……………… 647 – News Stand, Animating a Community …. 879 – How Kim Nam-Po Helped Build a Church – Our Templed Hills in Magazines, Emme- William N. Blair ……………………. : S95 line Harbison ……………………….. 625 – Japanese Christians in ……………….. 9!}1 – Picture Speak, Letting the, Harry S. – Lepers Evangelists, Cured …………….. 822 – Marriage Problems, Student ………….. 23;; Myers ………… , ……………………. 966 – "Mott Conference" in Seoul …………… 387 – Plans, Practical ……………………….. 626 – ~:edy A~as .in : ………………………. 991 .- Quotation Meeting …………………….. 803 – w Ten enCles III …………………….. 571 – Rural, Map Your Community ………….. 544 – – Practical Plans …………………….. 547 – – Sixty-Two Varieties, Ralph S. Adams .. 549 – Tour of Twelve, Mrs. James C. Lewis …. 451 – Venture, New, Gertrude Cody Wheaton .. 456 – Norman Period in ……………………… 144 – Weekly Group Meeting, For the, Milton – Outcast Brings Back Blessing …………. 471 Stauffer ………………………………. 453 – Pierson Memorial Bible SChool, Charles Mexican Catholic Campaign ………………. 148 S. Deming ……………………………. 697 – Church and Women …………………… 979 – Immigrants to U. S …………………… 474 – p;e:g~ang Mission, Picture of, C. L. – Immigration, Challenge of, Edwin R. ,illJps ………………………………. 363 B~own ……………………………….. 192 – Student Service in …………………… .. 235 – IndJans, Power of …………………….. 8g1 – Town Crier Calls to Church ………… : .. 8??' – Law, Methodists and ………………….. 391 – Union Campaign in Seoul ……………… 300 – View of the Crisis, Andres Osuna …….. 663 – Women Pledge Preaching Days ……….. 991 – – Trained Christian …………………. , 571 Mexico, Bible at Work in ……………….. 148 Korean Budget for Missions ……………… 75 – Building a Church of God, N. W. Taylor .. 197 – Christians, Veteran …………………… 470 – Children's Week in ……………………. 311 – Education, Desire for …………….. .470, 718 – Church and State in, C. S. Detweiler .. 651, 661 – Evan2'ellsm, Fruits of …………………. 307 – Fifty Years of Progress in, John Howland 357 – Gambler Won ………………………….. 718 – Friendly Visitors to ………………….. 560 – Islanders, Earnest …………………… . 905 – Hopes in, Reasons for …………………. 825 – Men's Bible Class ……………………. :.387 – Secular Crusade in ……………………. ?4~ – MiSSions, Devolution in ……………….. 905 – Students in, Exchange ………………… 721 – – in Manchuria ……………………….. 57t – Today in, G. B. Winton ………………… 199 – Pastors, Courage of ……………………. IH – Why Mission Schools in ………………. 391 – Proverbs ……………………………… , 367 – Y. M. C. A. in ………………………….. 475 – S. S. Convention ……………………….. 144 Migrant GrouDs, Ralph S. Adams ………. ~. 811 – Sunday-Schools, Growth of ……………. 647 ~i~~ Quo.nl' H~ll?e, California, ………….. 311 Labrador, Yale in ………………………… 14~ ToOlla,rl,!s, ~Ijlan,? As …………………. 572 Lanland, Traveling Y. W. C. A. in ………… 724 – LImIt, m Chma ………………….. 467 Latin America, New Program for ……….. 200 MISSIONARY DefiCit", British ……………… 561 – – Prog-ress In ………………………….. 4~9 – Enterprise in Relation to World Peace – American Feminism …………………… 39'1 Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……………………. '. 554 Lausanne Treaty, Protesting the ………… 46~ – Modern, Alex. M. Allan ………………… 608 – World Conference …………………….. 976 -. M?tive, Present-Day …………………. 487 Laymen, Witness of Indian ……………… 465 MIssIOnarv's Investment, Returns on Eliza- League of Nations on Slavery in 1926 ……. !il" M' ?eth McCa'llev ……………………….. ?~~ LEPER Bible Students …………………… 15t! ISSlOns and Governments ……………….. 909 Lepers, American Mission to …………….. 236 – Banker's Verdict on Christian ……. , …. 39

i005

Page Page Mohammed. Who Was ……………………. 742 New Zealand's Sunday-schools …………… 471 Mohammedan Boys and Girls, John Kingsley Nicaragua, Brave Workers in …………… 660 Birge ………………………………… 769 Nigeria, Transformation in ………………. 894 – Number, Our ………………………….. 741 Nigerian Moslems, Winning ..•…………. 982 Mohammedanism and Christianity ……….. 797 Nile Mission Press in Africa …………….. 895 Mohammedans, Missionary Societies Doing Nurses Association of China, Cora E. Simp- Special Work for ………………Oct. Inset eon …………………………………… 808 Mongolia, Bolshevism in ………………… 57!) Obstacles to Christianity in China, James L. Mongolian I..ama a Seeker ………………. 73 Stewart ……………………………… 422 Moody Bible Institute ……………………. 222 Opium Policy in India, New …………….. 382 Mormonism Gains Converts, How ………… 309 – Shops in Ceylon, Closing, Mary and – in Foreign Lands ………………………. 009 Margaret Leitch ……………………… 256 Mormons Ask to Hear Gospel ……………. 557 – Smoking Increasing In China ………….. 645 Morocco, Christian Funeral in ………….. 725 – Survey of China ………………………. 901 Moslem and Christian Dates, Important …. 769 Orientals in America, Geo. L. Cady ………. 377 – Books, Facts for Study of ……………. 972 PaCific, Racial Problems in ……………… 648 – Boys Hear the Gospel …………………. 395 Palestine, Bible in the Holy Land ………. 229 – Comments on Christians ………………. 977 – Cooperation In ………………………… 69 – Converts in Persia ……………………. 230 – Outlook in …………………………. '" 588 – – to Christianity, J. H. Linton ………. 793 – Scottish Seminary for ………………… 985 – Heresy Trial .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. … 227 – Under British Rule ……………………. 898 – Lands, Christian Cooperation in ………. 408 Palestinian Jews HElar Gospel ……………. 641 – Learners in Nigeria …………………… 228 Panama, Negro Missionary in ……………. 825 – Objections to Education for Women …… 774 Papua, New Guinea, Missionary Work in – Praises Missionaries ………………….. 463 W. E. Bromilow ……………………… 111 – Soldiers Say "Amen" ………………….. 567 PEACE, China and World, Mrs. C. K. Roys • 379 – Views of Christianity, Some, H. E. Philips 775 – Churches and World …………………… 145 – World, Census of the ………………….. 774 – Detroit Congress on ……………………. 63 – – Methods and Materials for Studying the 801 – Missi()nary Enterprise in Relation to – – Survey of the ……………………… 752 World, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, ……………. 554 Moslems Believe, What ………………….. 743 – Women Organized for, Carrie Chapman – Breaking Away from Tradition, James Catt …………………………………. 631 L. Barton ……………………………. 761 Persia, All-Persia Inter-Mission Conference, – Christian Approach to, W. Wilson Cash .. 786 – God's Word at Work In ……………… 985 – Hindrances t~ Christian Work f()r, C. G. W. N. Wysham ………………………. 864 Naish ………………………………… 781 – Intercessors in Isfahan ………………… 815 – Hospital for Chinese …………………. 73 – Leaders Needed in …………………….. 464 – in Africa, Reaching ……………………. 33 – Moslem Converts in …………………… 230 – in India, Hindus and, W. Paton ……… 587 – Musso1ini for, a …………………….. 69, 814 – – an Indian Hospital …………………. 900 – New Days in ………………………….. 251 – – the United States …………………. 006 Persian Bible Conference ………………… 229 – Influence <>f the Bible on, S. M. Zwemer .. 270 – Church, Women in the ……………….. 815 – of Kansu, China, Am()ng the ………….. 732 – School, Baptisms in ………………….. 728 – Practice in Religion, What …………….. 744 Pe1'llonalS, Anewalt, Mrs. Lewis L. . ……… 832 – Protestant Missionary SOCieties Doing – Armour, A. W ………………………….. 835 Work Incidentally for ………… Oct. fns~t – Atwater, Mrs. Anna R …………………. 481 – Stirrings Among ………………………. 899 – Barton, Ralph F ……………………….. 659 – Suez Bookroom f()r ……………………. 725 – Birge, J. Kingsley …………………….. 835 Mosqne, Origin of Paris …………………. 893 – Black, Floyd H ……………..3d Cover, April Mosques in Paris and London …………….. 826 – Blake, Wm. H. of India ……………… 729 Mothers' Day, Missionary ……………….. 289 – Boole, Ella A. …………………………. 83 – Breman, Mr. and Mrs. John J …………. 832 Muskrat, Miss Ruth, Wins the Prize …… 672 – Brown, A. J. .. ………………………… 659 Nanking Bible Training Scho()l ………… 989 – Bull, Rev. W. F. of Kunsan, Korea …… 647 Near East, "Ambassador of Good Will" to – Bunker, Dalzell A. . …….2d Cover, August the …………………………………… 591 – Cadbury, WID. W ……………3d Cover, April – Bin Saoud's New Victory ………………. 154 – Calles, Natali a. ..r……………………………………………. 401 – Brotherhood of Baghdad Boys …. ' ……… 317 – Chamberlain, W. 481 – Children, Henry H. Meyer ……………. 935 – Clark, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph ……………. 659 – Church Needed in Baghdad ……………. 316 – Coffin, Henry Sloane …………………… 401 – Colleges Fund …………………………. 153 – Cornelius, Simeon …………………….. 3 – Fruit of Early Seed Sowing …………… 316 – Cronk, E. C……………………………. 481 — HOSPital in Tlberias …………………… 565 K'''~ pf the Hedjaz ……………………. S97 – Crowdy, Dame Rachael ……………….. 890 – Dawson, Lucy H ……………………….. 832 – Relief as a Christian Mission, Sumner R. Vinton ………………….. ' ………….. 599 – Diffendorfer, R. E. .. ………………….. 835 – Dodge, Cleveland, H. …………………. 720 – – Report of …. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 565 – Durkee, James Stanley ……3d Cover, April – South Seas Gift for …………………… 572 – Eddy, Mrs. Katherine W. .. ………….. 659 – Training a Nation's Leaders …………… 396 – Edmunds, Charles K. . ………………… 835 – Victims of Franco-Druse War ……….. 316 – Ellis. William T. .. ……………………. 832 Negro Achievement, Rewards for ………… 309 – Emrich, Jeanette W ………………….. 83 – Church in the City, George E. Stevens …. 435 – Erdman, Charles R. …………………… 659 – Forum Movement ……………………… 223 – M'!-n~icaps C!f the, Charles S. Johnson …. 440 – Fan, Y .•T………………………………. 659 – Isslonary III Panama …………………. 825 – Feng, Marshal, ………. 2d Cover, December – Finley, Mrs. John H. . …………………. 321 – View of the Color Problem, Jessie Fauset 442 – Gardner, Lucy ………………… , ……… 835 – "Y" Secretaries~ White and ………….. 63 – Gennadios, Bishop ………………._ …… 401 Negroes., Church Institute for ………….. 658 – Giffen, J. K ……………………………. 163 – Hampton Tuskegee Fund ……………… 146 – Gillett, George G. S……………………. 6&.J – No Race Problem Here …………………. 223 – Glover. R. H. .. …………………….. 83. 659 Neighborhood House, Christianity through – Goforth, Jonathan …….. 3d Cover, April 321 the, William P. Shriver . …… ……… 95 – Greene, Amy Blanche …………………. 83 New Britain, Fifty Years in the Island of – Griswold, H. D. . ……………………… 579 William H. Cox …………………….. : 617 – Harkness, Anna M. .. …………………. 4()1 – Teachers ……………………………….. 145 – Higginbothom, Sam ……………………. 163 New Gninea, Light Breaks in ………….. 992 – Hos~e, D. E. .. …………….3d Cover, April New Hebrides, Abuses in …………………. 308 – HSUl, Cheng Yoa …………………….. 3 – New Days in the ………………………. 719 – Johnston, Mordecai W ………………… 659 – – Lives in the ………………………… 573 – Jones, E. Stanley …………………….. 401 – "Talking" ……………………………… 472 – Jones, Rufus M……………………….. 4O'l. New Year, Recipe for a Happy……… ……. 6 – Jones, Thomas Elsa ……….3d Cover, April New Zealand, Maori Church, Composite …. 388 – Kanamori, Paul ……………………….. sat – Maoris …………………………………. 76 – KeUer, Adolf ……………………….. '. 832

iNDEX

Page Page Personals-Kerr, Hugh T.•……….••..•…•• 481 Pye. Dr. Watts 0 .• of China. C. H. Patton .. 333 – Laws, Robert ………………………….. 3 Quaker Approach to Japan ……………….. 558 – Leslie, W. H …………………………… 659 Race in Virginia Law …………………… 650 – Lewis, Ida Belle ………………………. 321 – Prejudice, Prayer for Freedom from. – Lin Tien Ho ………………………..•.. 163 Mornay Williams …………………….. 877 – Lobingier, John L. . ……. 2d Cover, August – Problem Here. No …………………….. 223 – Lucas, E. D. . …………………………. 832 – – Spanish Speaking People ……………. 310 – MaCKenzie. Jean K ……………………. 659 – Question, Church Women and ………….. 390 – MacLaurin. Ella D. . ………………….. 481 – – Women Discuss …………………….. 824 – Miller. Kenneth 1)•••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 401 – Relations. Interracial Work in North .•.. 309 – Monk. F. F. . ………………….•….•… 679 – – Study Courses ………………………. 907 – Moore. John M. . ……………………… 835 – – Sunday ……………………………… 146 – Morgan, G. Campbell …………….. ….. 3 Racial Problems in the Pacifio …………… 648 – Morse. Richard C. . ……………………. 832 Radio Bible Courses ………………………. 908 – Moss. Arthur B. .. …………………….. 401 – Program. Marion King Thompson …….. 455 – Mott. John Livingstone ……………….. 835 Rattvik Meeting of the International Mis- – Mott. John R ……………………….. 3. 579 sionary Council. Report by Dr. Mott on 971 – Mowell. Bishop ………… 2d Cover, August Reformed Church Centenary ……………… 835 – Oldham. J. H ………….. "…..3d Cover. April – Presbyterian Merger …………………… 472 – Parson, A. B …………………………… 6611 Road to Happiness, a Poem. Annie! Johnson – PeabodY. Mrs. H. W ………………….. 401 Flint …………………………………. 604 – Peet, W. W.. . ……………………… 481. 691 Robert College Enrollment ……………….. 89ll – Pickens, Claude L ……. :.2d Cover. August Roman CatholiC Gains in Africa ………….. 724 – Potter. Rockwell H. …………………… 3 RURAL America-Religious Adventure in. Malcolm Dana ………………………… 509 – Proctor. Henry H. .. …………………… 659 – Rohold, S. B…………….. 2d Cover. August – Church ………………………………… 485 – Roots. Logan H … 579, 832, 2d Cover. December – – Christian Program for, Ralph A. Felton 492 – Roys, Mrs. C. K. .. …………………….. 481 – – Gospel and the Soil, A. B. Parson …… 501 – Schultz, Gertrude …………………….. 481 – – In the Changing Country. Ralph Felton 499 – Sheppard, Irene ………………………. 659 – – Par Standard for …………………… 458 ~ Sibree, James ………………………….. 579 – – Real Job of. John McDowell ………… 504 – Smith, Fred B. ……………………….. 83 – – Soil and the Spiritual Life ………… 489 – Speer. James H ……………………….. 83 – – Survey. Virginia ……………………. 721 – Speer. Robert E ……………………….. 481 – Communities, United Churches in. Eliza- – Stock. Eugene …………………………. 321 beth R. Hooker …………………….. 533 – Stone. Mary …………………………… 401 – Cooperating Country Church. Marjorie – Taylor, Dr. and Mrs. Howard F ………•• 401 Patten ……………………………….. 691 – Taylor. Joy ……………………………. 659 – Districts, Religious Needs of Older. Ralph – Tucker, H. St. G ……3, 2d Cover, December S. Adams …………………………. '" 523 – Van Ess, John …………..2d Cover. August – Life in the Past Twenty-Five Years, – Warner. Mrs. Franklin ……………….. 481 Changes in, Warren H. Wilson ………. 493 – Wilson. E. Graham ……………………. 163 – Pioneer Work in New Communities, An- – Wood, John W ………………………… 401 drew J. Montgomery …………………. 629 – Worley, John Cobb …………………….. 163 – Qualifications of the Country Preacher, – Yamamuro. Gunpel …………………… 321 C. M. McConnell …………………….. 520 – Yen Hui Ch'ing ………………………. 3 – Religions Education. Walter Albion Peru, FOl'est Indians of the Amazon …….. 475 Squires ……………………………….. 687 – Missionary Appointed Mayor …………•. 64 – Standards of Living, Changes In, Ralph – – Farm In …… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . 66 A. Felton …………………………….. 499 – "Seed of God's Planting" ……………… 561 – Work, Conference on …………………… 557 Philippines, Comity in the ……………….. 648 Russia. Bibles Again for …………………. 226 – Facts about the ………………………. 171 Russian Interest in Buddhism ……………. 562 – Fear and Opportunity in the •…………. 248 – Students In Germany …………………. 723 m – Girls from Pagan Tribe ……………….. 145 Russia's Fear of Christ, Soviet ………… 924 – Igorot Boys Ask for Schooling ……….. 828 – WlId Waifs ……………………………. ~14 – Tirurai, Gospel for the ……………….. 906 – Y. W. C. A. for the …………………… 828 Salvaging Human Driftwood. James H. pier'5'n ~emorial Bible School, Charles S. Ferriss •.. .• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …… .. .. . .. … 283 Poland~mJ:~i;h' C-';;"~e;i~ 'i~':::::::::::::::::::: Samoan Church Organization ……………. 236 School Bag Gospel League ……………….. 473 Porto Rican Children …………………….. 224 Schroeder, Gustavus, Coe Hayne ………… 360 – – Pastors, Training …………………… 825 ~~~~ Rfco, Ch,!r.ch Un!on. in ……………… 475 Scotland, Gambling Evil In ……………… 313 – Gospel Campaigns In Glasgow ………… 476 ga, BrazJilan MISSion to ………….. 892 – Livingstone Memorial in ……………….. 893 Portuguese in America …………………… 557 Prayer-Book ReVision. English ………….. 637 Scottish Women Ministers ……………….. n3 PRAYER, Filipino Day of …………………. 672 Siam. Buddhist's Son a C. E. Leader …… 643 – for Christian Unity-A Poem. Molly – Cordial to Christians …………………. 384 Anderson Haley …………………….. 636 – Life of Women and Children in North, – – F.w~d:)m from Race Prejudice. Mornay Hazel E. Hanna ………………………. 41 WI lams ……………………………. 877 Siamese Bible, Revising the ……………… 819 – Christian Lepers ………………………. 467 – – Missions, Day of …………………… :. 885 – King. Liberal …………………………. 156 – in Belgium, Answered, Mrs. Ralph Norton 181 – National Missions ……………………… 568 – – Everything By ……………………… 69 – Princess a Nurse ………………………. 668 – World's Week of …………………….. 976 – Proveros, Some, Paul A. Eakin ………. 279 Presbyterian Bodies Confer ……………….. 907 – Village Christians …………………….. 644 – Foreign Missions ………………………. 558 SLAVERY Abolished in Burma …………….. 3R~ – Reformed MMger ……………………… 472 – Existing Forms In AfriCa ……………… 668 – Work for Indians ………………………. 558 – In Burma ……………………………… 901. Program for Students …………………….. 711 – in 1926, League of Nations on ………….. 585 – I.iterature, E. Je"sie Ogg ……………… 551 – or Service for Africa? A MiSSionary In Rhodesia ……………………………… 871 – of Growth. Florence G. Tyler ………… 712 Program. for Young People's Meeting. Slaves, Britons and Burmese ……………… 466 Suggested .. . .. .. .. .. .. •. .• .. .. .. .. .. .. .• .. . 56 -. Set Free. Nepal ……………………….. 819 Prohibition Committee, Council's ………… 557 Slavic Evangelicals. New …………………. 827 – Governments and Alcoholism …………. 976 Soul's Sincere Desire Attained. Cora E. – In Japan ………………………….. 234. 388 Simpson .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 808 – India Demands ………………………. 382 South America, and the Y. M. C. A……….. 892 Protestant Movement, Ukrainian …………. 563 – Challenge of. Mrs. S. G. Inman ………. 279 – Statistics …………… " ………….. , .• .. • 61 – Need Missionaries. Does. Thomas E. Protestants, Plh,ht of European ………….. 66 Barber •· ……………………………… 849 Publlotty. Missionary. Mrs. Oscar E. Miles • 294 – Social Movements In. Florence E. Smith 183

Page Page Ukrainian Protestant Movement ………….. 5621 South America, Specialists for …………… 311 Union Christian Colleges for Women of the South Seas Gift for Near East ……………. 572 Spain, Evangelicals Persecuted in ………. 981 Orient ……………………………….. 712 -No Religious Liberty in ……………….. 476 – English Methodist ……………………… 562 – Protestant Union Work in ……………… 82:1 – in Central Africa ……….. 00 …………… 462 Spanish Monk an Evangelist ……………… 724 – – Porto Rico, Church …………………. 475 – Plans, Australian Church ……………… 236 – Protestant Books in …………………… 562 – Work for Indian Moslems .00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818 – Protestants, Tribute to ……………….. 393 – – in Spain, Protestant ………………… 827 – Speaking People, Our …………………. 310 United Churches in Rural Communities, Starr, Adventure of Mrs. V. H., Emma Belle Elizabeth R. Hooker …………………. 533 D. Pierson ………………………….. 258 – Evangelistic Effort in Brazil ………….. 722 Stewardship, Generations of …………….. 72() United States, Armenians on California Bor- – Sentiments, Christian …………………. 491 der .." ………………………………… 651) – Statistics, 1925 ………………………… 172 – – College Girls in Factories …………… 824 STUDENT Confederation, European ………. 150 – – Complex Task in America …………… 4l!6 – – Czechs in Old New York Church ……. 650 – Conference at Princeton, World, W. R. – – Dollar, The …………………………. 62 Wheeler ……………………………… 845 – – Foreigners in New York City ……….. 221 – – Human Imports and Spiritual Exports. 487 – – Evanston, Mrs E. C. Cronk ………… 173 – – Japanese in Los· Angeles "Y" ……….. 474 – Cooperation, World ……………………. 652 – – Jews in the …………………………. 978 – – Mexican Immigrants ………………… 474 – Evanston Conference Aftermath ………. 389 – – Moslems in ………………………….. 906 – Ideals in Baltic States ……………….. 981 – – Race in Virginia Law ………………. 650 – Movement, Forerunner of ……………… 823 – – School Bag Gospel League ………….. 473 – Program for ………………………….. 711 – – Spanish-Americans, Cooperation in Work – Reactions, Some ……. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 209 Among, Charles A. Thomson ………… 973 – Relief Work, World …………………… 317 War, National Conference on the Cause and – Viewpoints, Pointed …………………… 178 Cure of ……………………………… 971 Sudan, New Nation In the Making, S. M. West Indies, Bible in the ……………… 979 Zwemer ………………………………. 413 Western Front of World Missions, Charles – New Opening in the …………………… 564 H. Sears ……………………………… 853 – Sunday Scbool Grading in the ………… 816 Witness of a Patient's Life in Japan …….. 570 Sudanese Sunday schools …………………. 461 Woman's Christian Temperance Union In Suez Bookroom for Moslems ……………… 725 Japan ………………………………… 306 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN, Edi· – t)ld Watchman of, H. E. Jones ………… 344 – Sowing Seed In ………………………… 461 ted by Ella D. MacLaurin ……….. Monthly Sumatra, Among the Bataks of ………….. 388 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN, Edited – Cannibals, Triumphs Among, C. J. Hall .. 950 by Florence Equinlan …………….Monthly Sunday at the Sesqui-Centennlal In Phila- WOMEN and Mexican Church ……………. 979 – Careers for Chinese …………………. 988 delphia ……………………………….. 720 – Discuss Race Question ………………… 824 – School Grading in the Sudan ………….. 816 – in Asia, Christian Colleges for, Eleanor – – Missions in Canada …………………. 651 McDougall ……………………………. 888 – – World Program for a ……………….. 49 – – Persian Church ……………………… 815 – Legislators Proposed in India …………. 900 – Sohools, Buddhist …………………….. 904 .- Ministers, Scottish …………………….. 723 – – Growth of Korean …………………. 647 – Missionary Approach Through, Robert E.

– – New Zealand's ………………………. 471 Speer ………………………………… 965 – – Sudanese .. .. .. .. .. .. …. .. …….. .. ….. 461 – Moslem Objections to Education for ……. 774 Swarajist, Mrs. Naidu ……………. : ……. 466 – Organized for Peace, Carrie Chapman Catt 631 – Students in India, Non-Christian ……… 900 Syria., Bibles Sold In Damascus ………….. 814 Women's Interracial Conference …………. 979 – "Central Turkey" College …………….. 727 – Law Enforcement Convention ………… 221 – Christian Endeavor in Aleppo …………. 814 – Rights in the Cameroon ……………….. 725 – Conference for Girls in ……………….. 727 World Friendship Ideals for Boys and Girls. 636 – Student Cooperation ……. 652 00 …………… – Damascus In Time of War, Elias Newman 589 World's Day of Prayer ………….917, 971, 976 – Distress in …………………………….. 252 Young, Dr. John C., of Arabia, Campbell M. – !:'O~nch .~a~date in Beirut ……………… 641 – gam e, Servants of ……………….. 396 Macleroy …………………………….. 444 – Woman in, New ……………………….. 641 Y. M. C. A. and Churches …………………. 223 Temperance, English Youth and …………. 226 – Branches in Shanghai …………………. 902 – Congress in Finland ……. 00 …………… 732 Testaments Wanted, Million ……………… 384 – Help for Strangers …………………….. 62 TESTIMONY, Witch Doctor's ……………… 826 – in Indian Villages …………………….. 899 – Moslem Praises Missionaries ………….. 463 _ – Mexico ………………………………. 475 – – South America ………………………. 892 – Tribute to Character in India ………….. 642 – Patron, Buddhist Prince ……………….. 570 Thoburn College, Isabella ………………… 900 – World-Wide Assets …………………….. 397 Tibet, Electric Light for Llhasa ………… 987 Young People's Meeting, Suggested Programs 56 – Jesus' Name in ………………………. ~88 Y. W. C. A. and Labor Problems in China .. 821 – Selling Scriptures in ………………….. 886 _ Conference …………………308, 472, 637, 720 – Texts and Pictures In ………………….. 821 – for the Philippines …………………….. 828 Tibetan Gospel Inn ……………………….. 74 – in Lapland, Traveling …………………. 72<, – Membership Plan ………………………. 8z;j Turk, Protestant Missions as Seen by a …. 207 – Pioneer, Filipino ………………………. 307 Turkey, American Board in ………………. 68 Youth Convention, Disciples' …………….. 907 – and the Iraq Boundary ………………… 153 _ Knighthood of …………………………. 221 _ Movement, Filipino ……………………. 471 – Christian Books In …………………….. 814 – New Crusade of ………………………… 167 – New Calendar for ……………………… 228 – Present Activity in ……………………. 463 – Religion and the Missionaries …………. 6 – Robert College and the Turk ………….. 728 Turkish Colonel Buys a Bible ……………. 565 – Rules for Weddings ……………………. 565 – Women, Work for ……………………… Z29 Turks Question Y. M. C. A. Delegate …….. 898 – Suspect Y. M. C. A. .. …………………. 68 – View of the Christian Menace …………. 779 Uganda, Industrial Exhibit In …………… 983 NEW BOOKS REVIEWED'

Page Page African Church in Building, J. J. Willis … 78 Among South American Friends, Stephen J. Aim of Jesus Christ, William Forbes Cooley 240 American Relations with 'Chlna …………. 831 Corey ………………………………… 654 Arnot, F. S., African Missionary Explorer, James J. Ellis ……………………….. 136

iNDEX

Page Pag~ Beast, Modernism and the Evangelical Faith, Martyn, Henry: Confessor of the Faith, The, Francis Asa Wight ……………… 655 Constance Padwlcl<, …………………… 8lfO Between Black and White, Henry Hugh MerrY-Go-Round, Margaret T. Applegarth .. 320 Proctor ………………………………. 899 Missionary Idea In Life and Rellgion, The, Bible: Its Christ and Modernism, The, T. J. F. McFayden ………………………. 733 J. McCrossan ………………………… 478 Modern Education in Korea, Horace H. Bird's-Eye View of Latin America ………. . Underwood ………..,…………………. 653 ……………………… 3d Cover, September Modern Missiontl in Chile and Brazil, Vari- Bits of China, Christine I. Tinling ………. 78 Bolivar, Liberator of Venezuela, Colombia, ous Authors ………………………….. 477 Modern Missions on the Spanish Main, W. Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, Henry Rowan Lemly ………………………… 77 R Wheeler and W. E. Browning ……. 77 Moslem Faces the Future, The, T. H. P. Carey, William, .r. H. Morrison …………. 734 Sailer ………………………………… 830 China Shepherdess, A. Margaret Apple- – World in Revolution, The, W. W. Cash .. 82:"1 garth ………………………………… 73l – – of Today, The, John R. Mott and China's Christian Army, George T. B. Davis 319 Others ……………………………. 477, .831) Chinese Culture and Christianity, James L. Musa, Son of Egypt, Mary Entwistle and Stewart ………………………………. 910 Jeanette E. Perkins ………………… 996 Chinese Heroes in Legend and History, Wm. Native Churches In Foreign Fields, Henry Munn ………………………………… 656 Hosie Rowland ………………………. 319 Christ of the Indian Road, The, E. Stanley Occidental Interpretations of the Far Eastern Jones ………………………………… 157 Problem ……………………………… 398 Christ Supreme, Arthur H. Carter ……….. 9111 Oriental Interpretations of the Far Eastern Christian Program for the Rural Commun- Problem ……………………………… 398 ity, A, Kenyon L. Butterfield ……….. 574 Our Templed Hills. Ralph A. Felton …….. 656 Christian Salvation, George Cross ……….. 239 Outline History of China, An, Gowen and Christian Work in South America ……….. 238 Church Cooperation in Community Life, Hall ………………………………….. 910 Outli'1e of the Religion of Islam, H. U. Paul L. Vogt …………………………. 574 Churches of Distinction in Town and Coun- Weitbrecht Stanton ………………..78, 829 Palaguay, the Inland Republic,· Clement try, Edmund deS. Brunner ………….. 574 Conference of Christian Workers Among Manly Morton ……………………….. 784 Parent's Guide to Chl1dren's Reading, A, Moslems. RepOrt of International Mis- sionary Councll ………………………. 8311 Mary Graham Bonner …….3d Cover, June Country ChHrch and Rural Problem, The, Progr<'sslve Christianity, William A. Vroo- K. L. Butterfield …………………….. 574 Daughter of the Samurai, Etsu Inagakl man ………………………………….. 657 Sugimoto …………………………….. 239 Psychology and the Church, by Various Diagnosing the Rural Church, C. Luther Fry 574 Directory of Protestant Missions In China " 238 Writers ………………………………. 240 Dispatches From NO>rthwest Kansu, A. M. Quest for God in China, The, F. W. G. Cable and F. L. French ……………… 160 Dobson, Mary: Musician, Writer, Mission- O'Neill ……………………………….. 912 ary, Una M. Saunders ………………. 733 Quiet Talks on the Crisis and After, S. D. Dode:e, Grace H., Abbie Graham …………. 733 Education of Christian Ministers in China, Gordon ………………………………. 478 8,amuel H. Leger …………………….. 158 Reli!<ions of the Empire, Edited by W. L. – – Negro Ministers, The, W. A. Daniel .. 319 – in the Native Church ….3d Cover, September' Hare …………………………………. 157 English-Speaking Peoples: Will They Fail Sarangie, A Child of Chosen, Lois H. in Their Mission to the World? Wilbur P. Thlrkield …………………………. 736 Swinehart ……………………………. 657 Ethics of Opium, The, Ellen N. La Motte … 656 Sidelights on the Crisis in India, H. Har- Friends of the Caravan Trails, Elizabeth Harris ……………………………….. 996 court …………………………………. 78 Fundamental Christianity, Francis L. Patton 667 Song and Worship for Young People's Con- Funds and Friends, Tolman Lee …………. 736 God's Picked Young Men, Henry K. Pasma . 735 ferences, Edited by Sidney A. Weston .. 657 Grains of Rice From a Chinese Bowl, Ida Soonderbai Powar, K. Storrie ……………. 479 Belle Lewis …………………………… 734 Sources of Islam, The, John Blair ………. 400 Springfield Church Survey, H. Paul Douglass 575 Great E'mJl.ncipation: A Missionary Survey Studies in Japanese Buddhism, August Karl of Nyasaland, A, Wm. J Roome …….. 994 Relschauer …………………………… 319 Heart of Black Papua, Merlin Moore Taylor 911 Sunday School and the Healing of the Historv of the Arabian Mission, A, A. De- Nations, The…………………………. 78 Witt Mason and F. J. Barny …………. 830 Tales of Young Janan, People Who Lived In History of Southern Methodist Missions, Japan ………………………………… 656 James Cannon III …………………… 995 Task in Japan, The, August Karl Reischauer 318 Task of the Christian Church, The ………. 831 How Shall Country Youth Be Served? H. Tested Methods In Town and Country Paul Douglass ……………………….. 575 Churches. Edmund deS. Brunner ……. 574 Hymn Stories, Elizabeth Colson ………….. 657 This Believing World, Lewis Browne …… 994 Through an Indian Counting Glass, Eliza- India in 1924-1925, L. F. R. Williams ……… 399 beth Wilson ………………………….. 736 Indigenous Ideals in Practice …………… . Tibetan on Tibet, A, G. A. Combe, …… 993 ……………………… 3d Cover, September Toto and Sundri, Emma A. Robinson ……. .

Islam and Africa. Godfrey Dale ………….. 159 ………………………..3d Cover, January Town and Country Church In the United – – Its Need, W. Norman Leak ………… 78 Joy Ride Through China for the N. A. C., States, The, H. H. Morse and Edmund deS, Brunner ………………………… 575 A, Co'ra E. Simpson …………………. 735 Unfini.hed Task of Foreign Missions, The, Robert E. Speer ……………………… 237 Life of David Brainerd …………………… 398 TTnited Churches, Elizabeth Hooker ………. 574 Vatican Mission E<xposition, The, John J. Life Story of Alice Culler Cobb, Mary Culler Considine …………………………….. 320 White ………………………………… 831 What Is Faith J. Gresham Machen …….. 994 World-Wide Moravian Missions, Adolph Life Story of David Livingstone, J. J. Ellis. 79 Schulze and S. H. Gapp …………….. 993 Looking Toward a Christian China, Milton Worship of Nature, The, Sir James George Frazer ……………………………….. 655 Stauffer ……………. , ………………. , 160 Year's Program for Young People, A, Harry T. Stock ……………………………… 912 Making a Nation, D. S. Hibbard ………….. 480 You Can Learn to Teach, Margaret Slattery 238 Young Islam on Trek, Basil Mathews …….. 829

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1926

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THE CALL OF ISLAM TO THE CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. A. HWKl,ING 934 NEAR EAST CHILDR.EN OF THE GOLDEN RULE _…….. HENR.Y H. MEYER. 935 A recent visitor to the Near East tells of the wor1o among the ehildren, as he saw it.

ISLAM AND WESTERN CIVILIZATION ………………… BASIL MATHEWS 937 A picture of the effects of the impaet of the modern West on the conservative fol- lowers of the Prophet of Mecca.

A PROTESTANT CONYENTION IN COLOMBIA …….. ALEXANDER M. Ar,LAN 945 A story of what to01o place when a group of Protestant Christian wor1oers en- deavors to hold a reZigwW8 convention in a Roman Catholic country.

A "REVIVAL" IN COLOMBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. MAUDE NEWELL WII,LIAMS 947 An adcount of the ceremonies that constitute a religious revival in Roman Catholic eireles in Latin America.

TRIUMPHS AMONG THE SUMATRA CANNIBALS .. _………… . C. J. HALL 950 Evidences of the power of Christ to uplift the most degraded and ignorant of the human speeies, as shown iIn the interior of Sumatra.

ROBERT ARTHINGTON-A "MISER" FOR CHRIST ………… C. E. Wrr,soN 953 A sketeh of a remarkable man of wealth who lived like a beggar and gave like a pr·ince.

SELLING PORRIDGE AND PRE,ACHING IN CHINA ………… . A. J. SMITH 956 The story of a poor Chinese Christian who supported himself with a traVeling restaurant while acting as an ambassador of Christ.

RABAO–THE LITTLE OUTCAST ……………………. MRS. M. T. DYSART 958 The life history of a littlE! waif in Rhodesia rescued and traoned for Christian service.

BEST METHODS ……………………….•…. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRoNK 965 The MissWnary Approach Through Women, by Robert E. Speer. Letting the Pi;cture Spea1o, by Harry S. Myers. Beware of De Luxe Christianity.

WOMAN'S FOR.EIGN MISSION BULLETIN … EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURJN 970 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ….. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 973 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………….•……………………… 976 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy………………………………………. 993 INDEX FOR 1926 …………………….•….. ,…………………….. 997 TJ<:RMB: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1926, by M:!SSIONABY RI!VIEW PUBLl~mNG COMPANY, INC. AU righ~s reserved.

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Robert Eo Speer President Wm. I. Chamberlain, Vice·President De1a.VaD L. PieraOn, Secretal'f Walter McDougaU, Treasurer Pllbiic:ation office, 3d .. Reily Su., Harrisbu••• Pa. Editorial and Business Offic~. J 56 Fifth Avenue, as. a copy $2.50 a 7o.r New York "'I)- Entered .. lec:ond-clu. matter at the POBt OBice, Harrilburc, Pa., under Act of March J, 187'. FEiFHRoFHR.FHR.FHR.FHRoFHRoFHR-FHR-FHR.FHRoFHR-FHR_FHR-FHR-ifl i… Missions Around the World i. Ii: NEW BOOKS—A T ALL BOOKSELLERS ;! i~ii: The Unfinished Task of "~ ~ Chinese Culture and iii Foreign Missions Christianity ~ iii: By Robert E. Speer By James Livingstone Stewart Iiil:: il: "Here is a book for every student of Professor, IVes! ChinG Ullion University, " the progress of Christianity to read, Author of "The Laughi1lg Buddha," etc. i~ii study and lay close for reference. Dr. "A real contribution to the solution of • Speer snrveys the fields of the world and the Far Eastern question. State·smen and !• shows what remains to be.done."-Nash- diplomats as well as missionaries might I…

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Introduction by Author of URcd Blossoms," .. :I: Helen Barrett Montgomery. :I: An authentic narrative of … A most remarkably interest- AROBIN HOOD OF SOUTHERN INDIA years spent by two mission· " :-c=• ing account of Missionary Life Western aries-husband and wife-in a and Labors in Northeast India. A true story of a young remote town in India I Illustrated, $1.50 athlete In Southern India, and in the villages of the dis· ~ :IzII: ~ LOIS HAWKS SWINEHART who, houndedI into out- trict. Illustrated, $1.50 ~ lawry was fina ~y converted ~ :z: Sarangie–A Child to Christian;ty. Almost IDA BEDLE LEWIS :z: ~ of Chosen increditable in spite of its Grainsof Ricefrom ~ :~c truth, it is indeed "fact a Chinese Bowl ~:c II: A rale of Kore~ stranger than fiction." Illustrated, $2.50 By fe;~~idF~~/rrow~1Vcl{f:::, Col- II ~:::c The author of "Jaue -in the ~ Orient" gives a picture of mis· MAUDE W. MADDEN Introdncti01' by Prof. 1. T. Headland… sionary life in present-day ~ ~:~~~nd:n!~E~r~rr ~l~~ Author °ln '~r:;hfVe;:~~' East Is ma~ ~k~~ghe~f oih"ci:l~~~~ ifl:: ~ deeply engrossing. $1.25 Young Hearts in ~~de u~1~li~~cki~d~~;~. insight :a: Z ~ ~ CHRISTINE I. TINLlNG Old Japan illustrated, $1.25 I :! From Japan to A book which will en- ALBERT D. HESLER "… =lA•o Jerusalem I arge 'oned s un erstand·mg chT~:., !~::o~s o:uid~B~s h~; of the Japanese and in- In Sunny N."geria ;• ! II. crease one's sympathy and Preqsl.~lg:Wm~iinig~e~rianoaf~!oM:tayn~c:heslalen1d' • admiration for them, as readers through Korea, Man- well as help to an appreci- and a people of which little is • I Z c!hn:u~risat,nc~Pp~htillieppri;n~eas, ~~B~~u~rsmtia~h~, at ion of what Missions are kCrn;_o~w·~=n:.r f~~T~hhfeiT!a~uht:hnoxrei~wi~ars:a~a i… II. guide she proves to be. ~1.25 doing 1n Japan. ~• Illustrated, $1.50 lion." Illustrated, $1.50 ;I ! il: =a i & The Task in Japan Constantinople, the Chal- • il: By August Carl Reischauer, D.D. lenge of the Centuries I• Professor at M eiji Gak"in, Tokyo By Victor Murdock ~ N01·thwestem Christian Advocate says: "A frank statement of the mission~ry Han. Josephus Daniels says: "Happily ·=a .ii.i:. opportunity and problem which all our the man, visiting and studying ancient churches must face. Frankness com- civi'izations in Turkey, who keeps faith "II :c i.i.i. bined with his substantial orthodoxy, in his man of Galilee. A delightfully in- ·::Ia: .:.c. makes his conclusions of real value." teresting volume of charming description. ~ ~~ ··:.~.c. Illustrated, $2.00 :=Ia: FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, Publishers ··=~ :ca New York, 158 Fifth Avenue Chicago, 17 N. Wabash Avenue -HH.–HH.:I-HH.:I-HH.:I-HH.:I-HH.:I-HH'–HH'–IIH'-"HH.:I"IIH'–HH'-"IIIl'-"1IH.-" Please mention THE MISSlONARY REVIEW 0.. THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. CHINA SHOWING TERRITORY CONTROLLED BY VARIOUS ARMIES Map Prepared by E. W. Luccock (See article, }lags 927).

GENERAL OHIANG K'AI-SHEIK-The Cantonese General in centrol of seven southern and western provinces. Note his long 1ine of defenseo against Sun Chuang Fang.

GENERAL SUN CHUANG-FANG-In control of five Eastern Provinces. Reported to be in alliance with General Chang Tso-lin. Frequent reports assert that the propaganda of Chiang K'ai-Sbek is causing a numbfJl' of serious revolts within this territory.

GENERAL WU PEI-FU-Fonnerly powelful in Peking and in the Yangtse Valley. Now in control of only one province-Honan. The southern border of this province is already invaded by the Cantonese troops. Gen. Wu Pel-iu is considered an ally of Gen. Chang Tso-lin. – GElNERAL CHANG TSO-LIN-He is reported to 00 receiving support from Japan. His territory includes Peking, and very Important railroad ho1dings In Chilhi and ShantUng, as wen as the three provinces of Manchuria.

MJlRSHAL FENG YU-HSIANG-"The Christian General" Is reported to be definitely allied with General Chiang K'ai Shek, of Canton, His troops are said to be on the -NorthWest Shans! "nd Kansu, i¥>rder of China and biding their opportunity. In the meantime they ar~ engaged in agriculture and other pursuits.

THE PROVINCE OF SINKIANG, Is considered "Out of bounds" wbile the provinces of Yunnan, Shansi and Shensi are conSidered "indBPende-nt." The Go'Vernor of Shansi was, less than a year ago, act(vely. allied with Generals Chang Tao-lin and Wu Pei-iu.

DECEMBER, 1926

XLIX TWELVE A WORLD-WIDE DAY OF PRAYER SCIENTISTS are continually discovering new facts and forces related to the universe in which we live. The x-ray, the cathode ray, radio activity, radium, the structure of the atom, have been in existence for ages. The facts and forces are not new, but they are new to us and men have not known enough to be able to make use of them for useful purposes. At times, we wonder how the work of the world was ever successfully carried on without the aid of these new discoveries. Now that we are familiar with them and their laws of operation, we can accomplish many things that before seemed impossible. By their aid more wonders of God's world are made visible; new sounds are audible; new and wonderful chemical forces are made available. Man, with a larger understanding of God's material world, has become more powerful than the fabled magicians were ever reputed to be.

Is it not possible that in the spiritual realm there are facts and forces that we are failing to recognize and use~ The immeasurable resources of God's spiritual world might be available even more readily than those of the material world. Scientists are beginning to acknowledge that the wonders of the universe are beyond their comprehension and that the spiritual forces may be even greater. Glimpses of these spiritual forces appear in the work and words of .Jesus Christ, the Son of God. He revealed something of what is possible when a life is lived in harmony with the will of God. Moreover, He promised that still greater works might be wrought by His disciples' working by the same power. That promise was, for a time at least, fulfilled. Almost unlimited wisdom and power are offered to those who know how to pray, the right things for which to pray and how to use wisely these spiritual resources.

How little we have used this privilege! How little we have understood the laws of prevailing prayer. One law that must be observed to release this power is harmony with the will of God; 1117

another is united petition by those who follow Christ; a third is faith-that God can and will grant the petition. What might not be wrought by means of the spiritual forces released in prayer if only we understood and used them; if only the Christians of the world would 1tnite in believing intelligent prayer, in harmony with God and His program.

This is the purpose of the World's Day of Prayer, set for March 4th next, by the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America and the Council of Women for Home Missions.* On this day Christians all over the world-of every race and nation, of every name and class, high and low, rich and poor, young and old-are asked to unite in petition to Almighty God for new spiritual light and power to solve the great problems that are perplexing the world. In churches and halls, in homes and offices, and by the wayside, men and women are asked to gather and to dedicate themselves anew to God's service for the pulling down of strongholda that oppose His progress, praying that His sway may be extended 'over the hearts and lives of men.

Is it not worth while to join with Christians all over the world, in worship and praise, in confession and petition to God so that the greater works, promised by our Lord, may be performed in our day and in all lands 7 Already this plan has been enthusiastically received.

The committee of the International Missionary Council, at its meeting in Sweden last July passed the following resolution: "Realizing the inadequacy of present efforts to meet the needs of the world, the members of the Committee are deeply convinced that only as new tides of spiritual life begin to flow within the Church can the waiting tasks be fulfilled. They have been greatly encouraged by the account given by the Bishop of Salisbury of the movement of prayer within the Church of England. Believing that the undertakings in which they desired to cooperate can be accomplished only as they are begun and continued in prayer, they resolve to enter afresh into an experience of sustaining and victorious prayer, to dedicate themselves anew to a life of which communion with God is the inspiring principle and to cooperate in every way possible in extending the fellowship of prayer."

Three conditions of effective prayer are mentioned by the Committee: (1) Receptiveness, the throwing open of the whole personality to the influence of God's Spirit; (2) Obedience, a genuine desire and purpose to do God's will as it is revealed and at any cost; (3) Definiteness, showing clear and consecrated comprehension as to what is needed in the world and what we desire of God.

The following objects for concentrated prayer are suggested by the Committee of the International Missionary Council: 1. FOR A MISSIONARY SPIRIT.-That the Church may see the whole world'g need of Christ, and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

18 For a copy of the proposed program for this Day of Prayer (2 cents each; $1.75 per 100), write to Miss Ella D. MacLaurin. 25 Madison Ave., New York. or to Board headquarters.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

2. FOR A SPIRIT OF PRAYER.-That Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught His discipl~s to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

3. FOR A SPIRIT OF SACRIFICE.-That the Church may be willing at whatever cost to follow and to bear witnees to the way of Christ as she learns it.

4. FOR A SPIRIT OF UNITY.-That the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

5. FOR THE GIFT OF INTERPRETATION.-That the Church may learn to preach the eternal Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

6. FOR COURAGEOUS WITNESS IN MORAL QUESTlONs.-That the witness of the Church in the moral questions of our day may truly reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

7. FOR A SPIRIT OF SERVICE.-That a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work at home and abroad in our. generation.

S. FOR THE COMPLETION OF OUR OWN CONVERSION.-For the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifes.tation of God's redeeming love and power.

Shall not Friday, March 4, 1927, be set aside by Christians everywhere as a World-Wide Day of Prayer for Missions~ There need be not a formal universal program adopted or any elaborate machinery set up, but, with a sense of need, a real faith in God and a devout waiting upon Him, this day may become memorable because of power released in answer to believing, intelligent, earnest prayer.

CHRIST VS. CHRISTIANITY I s THERE any conflict between Christ and Christianity! A trav- eller who recently returned from a world tour says that in India he was warned not to speak of Christianity though he might advantageously speak of Christ. The former is linked up in the minds of Eastern peoples with Western governments, civilization, armaments, wars, Occidental business enterprises and Western social customs. Many in Asia look upon Christianity as a religion that has failed to bring either peace, righteousness or unselfish service.

A similar feeling is often manifested in so-called Christian lands. Christianity is linked up in thought with the Church even more than with Christ. In the minds of many, the Church is identified chiefly with human creeds, with rituals, with great edifices and sometimes with self-indulgent and arbitrary preachers and church members. In the minds of some no distinction is made between the Greek, the Roman, and the Protestant churches, simple and complex. Mormons, Christian Scientists and all remotely associated with churches are called Christian without distinction.

Is it not time to exalt and live Christ in such a way that the failures of the Church and of church people may not discredit Him in the minds of men1 Ideally, Christianity is the system of faith and life which Christ taught; ideally, the Church is the body of Christ on

earth, composed offollowers to whom He has committed His work of ministering to men. Actually, Christianity has come to be looked upon as a type of modern civilizatiou which only partially accepts the standards of Christ. Actually, the Church has come to be regarded merely as an organization or number of organizations made up of both real and nominal followers of ,Tesus Christ.

A young Chinese student has written to the Editor a series of questions which reveal the conflict in his mind, and in the minds of many of his fellow countrymen, between Christ and Christianity. This young Chinese was a professed Christian and an evangelist but his inability to answer the objections of his fellow countrymen led him to become a skeptic or doubter.

His first difficulty arose from his inability to explain the deity of Jesus and the Trinity. The second came from the failure of Christian philosophy and of Christian leaders to prevent the W orid War and to Christianize Europe and America. Third came the suspicion that missionaries use educational, medical and philanthropic work as baits to increase the number of their proselytes. Then came- the suspicion that Christian missionaries have political and commercial aims, some of them making money in civil and business enterprises. :H'ifth came the objection that mission schools are institutions chiefly for the training of clerks and secular teachers to exploit China. 'fhe sixth difficulty was the great inequality between the missionaries and Chinese evangelists in social standing, manner of living and authority in the church. Seventh came the challenge that missionaries depend on foreign governments to defend their lives, to obtain treaty rights and to secure indemnities. An eighth obstacle is the failure of many missionary workers to practice fully such teachings of Jesus Christ as meekness, non-resistance, and brotherly love.

Those who know the history of Christian missions cannot deny that there are many instances that give ground for the fault found by this young Chinese. Those who know Christ and His Gospel make no defense for the failure of Christ's followers in these respects. The explanation is the fact that they are human and far from perfect. There are, however, many things to be said for Jesus Christ and for His way of life.

First-No national governments arc wholly Christian. They are ruled by man-made laws and are, as a rule, dominated by self-interest. They should not be called Christian. They are established for the protection of their citizens and the development of their country.

Second-The Church of Christ is faulty. There is in it a mix- ture of human and divine. It is Christian only in so far as its mem- bers are dominated by the spirit and teachings of Christ. It is still a mixture of wheat and of tares.

Third-The essence of true Christianity is not a creed, a civilization, an organizatioIl or a propaganda. It is a fellowship, based ()I).

1926'J EDl'l'ORIAL COMMENTS

loyalty to Christ, righteommess in daily living and a life of loving service. Anything out of harmony with these ideals is not Christian.

Christian missionaries go to foreign lands, not because there is no work left to do at home but because there is need for Christ in lands where He is not known. These messengers of Christ have a Gospel to proclaim-a message of the love of God for erring humanity and of His offer of life through Jesus Christ. They go because millions of men, women and children are suffering and!, dying for lack of the knowledge of this" Good News." They seek to heal the sick and to minister to the needy, not as a bait to win proselytes but because people are suffering and need help. If missionaries require, from those who seek help, attendance at Bible classes or preaching services, it is because they believe that the most valuable gift they can offer to these sufferers is the Christian message, and because in the Gospel will be found the secret of strength and joy and blessing.

Missionaries open schools, not to catch unwary pupils in a net but because the people need educational opportunities which are not offered by their governments; where illiteracy prevails there is not a Imowledge of how to make the best use of life. Mission colleges and schools are also needed to train intelligent, unselfish, practical Christian leaders. If the students become only clerks and refuse to take advantage of these opportunities and to enter fields of real service, it is because they fail to respond to the high ideals set before them. '1'he schools are established to train for service to humanity.

True missionaries are, first of all, ambassadors of Christ, proclaiming the love of God for men, the ground of forgiveness of sin, and the Way of Life. True Christians-including missionarieswill seek to live lives like their Master. They will not depend on human governments for protection; they will not be self-indulgent or arbitrary, but will be ready to suffer hardship and persecution if only they may interpret Christ to those for whom He died. When the message of Christ is faithfully and lovingly delivered and interpreted by life as well as by words, men may still reject it if they will, as multitudes in Europe and America have rejected it and so have rejected Jesus Christ. God Himself will not compel them to accept His Gift or to conform their lives to His teachings, but missionaries nevertheless continue to go out to proclaim the message clearly and lovingly so that as many as possible in all the world may have an opportunity to hear and receive life through Him.

Nations and individuals have failed because they have failed to surrender to Christ and His message and to allow Him to live His life in them. He came that we might have life and that we might have it abundantly. In Him, all men may, if they will, find the secret of life and peace and power. It may be too much to expect that the nations and the world as such 'will accept and follow His Way of Life, 1llltil He Himself comes to reign as He has promised. But who can

be so blind as not to see that mankind needs Him most of all-in business and industrial enterprises, in national and political affairs, in social and family life and for personal character and conduct f It is the duty of every Christian to seek to make human relationships Ohristian. When the individuals that make up humanity are dominated by Ohrist then the Kingdom of Heaven will be established and manifested on earth.

WHAT OHINEBE CHRISTIANS ASK FOR CHINA T HE Annual Conference of the National Ohristian Council of China met in Shanghai in September and unanimously adopted resolutions in reference to the important problems now distressing China. In spite of present political confusion and international complications, in spite of attacks on mission stations, the occupation of schools and hospitals by troops, the capture of missionaries by bandits and other evidences of anti-foreign and anti- Christian sentiment, the missionaries are hopeful; they believe in the Chinese and advocate concessions on the part of foreign governments. The resolutions, recently passed, favor a speedy revision of the treaties on the basis of national freedom, of equal rights as between China and other nationalities, the abolition of extra-territorial rights and the granting of full autonomy to China in tariff regulation, in courts of justice and in other matters under dispute.

The Hunan Provincial Christian Council urges that hereafter all church matters be handled directly by local Chinese church officials and that all missions be transferred to the Chinese Christian churches. The National Council disclaims any purpose to meddle in politics, but says that all Christians feel that they must make their position clear. The majority of the foreign business men takes the opposite view and wants an even stronger assertion of foreign treaty rights.

A Chinese viewpoint of the present situation is given by Professor Hu Shih, the leading figure in the modern literary movement in China, and recently appointed a member of the British Boxer Indemnity Commission. Dr. Hu Shih, who is not actually a Christian, but a man of deep religious feeling and has many Christian friends, spoke at the Annual Dinner of the Central Union of Chinese Students in London on October 9th. He said: The Revolution of 1911 has been a failure in all its constructive phases, and China has not become a great modern state worthy of her potentialities. The Chinese Revolution has failed to achieve its purpose because it never was a revolution like that in France or Russia. There was only a superficial change. We have never whole-heartedly recognized the merits a~d spirits of modern civilization or prepared our young men to undertake theIr great task. Our young men have gone abroad merely to acquire technical education not to be trained as statesmen. When the Revolution came we were caught unprepared. Today men fitted only for drill masters are gov-

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

erning vast provinces and petty politicians are entru~.ted with the helm of state. This is the real tragedy of China.

What is needed is a completely revolutionized outlook on life, a new recognition of spiritual values and the possibilities of modern civilization.

We need a new appreciation of material progress, not as a means of money making, but as the effective means of emancipating human energy from the pitiful struggles for bare subsistence. We need a new conception of govern- ment for bringing the greatest well-being to tphoewdgerreaotresaternoupmlabneer~ a new conception of science, not to produce smokeless for de- struction, but as the road to truth and the liberator of the human spirit. The laborers are few, but we must prepare ourselves for the leadership of the nation.

Fifteen years ago Dr. Hu Shih tried to get the Returned Students Club in Peking to adopt as their motto: "You shall see the difference now that we are back again." The hope for the future of China is in a trained Christian leadership.

ARE MORE MISSIONARIES NEEDED IN JAPAN7 F OR s.ome time there has been a question raised in certain quarters as to whether Japan needs any more foreign mission- aries, whether, in fact, many of the present force might not be withdrawn and the work of evangelization committed wholly to the Japanese Church. The American Board has already decided ]Jot to send out any additional evangelistic missionaries for rural districts in J apan-a step that might seem to imply a conviction that no more are needed.

In view of these considerations it is interesting to note the action taken at a recent conference of Japanese Christian leaders and for- eign missionaries, held in Karuizawa in September. The" findings"

of this conference'" reported: .

"1. The conference is pleased to recognize and affirm the fact that it was and continues to be the desire and firm purpose of the Church and Mission • to work together in the fullest possible cooperation for the upbuilding of the Church and the evangelization of Japan. .

"2. Plans for cooperation have varied from time to time in the past and will no doubt vary in the future in our common effort to find the best way to achieve our ends. There have been diverse, and as we believe, enriching judg- ments. both in the Church and in the evangelization of Japan.

"3. There appear to be both advantages and disadvantages in the present plan of cooperation adopted in 1907, and both the Church and Mission are ready to adopt any wiser or more effective plan.

"We are convinced that any plan which may be adopted should have reference to two things: first, to preserving and strengthening the national character, the administrative and financial independence, and above all the * Members of the Standing Committee of the Daikwal llresent were the Revs. S. Tada. K. Mori, M. Kobayashi, Y. Sasakura, M. Kanal and W. Saba. The Mission t:epresentatives Were Messrs. H. Brokaw, J. G. Dunlop. H. D. Hannaford, A. K. Reischauer, M. C. Winn and Miss A.

M. Monk. Among those present were Dr. K. Ibuka, Mr. D. Tagawa and the Rev. S. Kuwada, as representatives of' the educational as well as evangelical work. Mrs. N. Watanabe. President of the Women's Missionary Society of the Church of Christ in bJyatpearni~nwa(sU.alSso. present. Dr. Robert E. Speer and Dr. H. T. Kerr, a deputation from the Pres- A.) Boa.rd sent at the request of the Mission, also took part.

evangelistic power of the Church; and, second, to enlisting the largest measure of effective misEiollary effort in direct evangelism. This may involve diversified application of the plan in different geographical areas.

" 4. We are convinced of the wisdom of the movement on the part of the Church to take a direct interest in the work of education. And the representatives of the Church and of the Mission appeared to be agreed as to the desirability and practicability of the unification of the theological educational work of the Mission and its direct relation with the Church.

"5. In view of the great unoccup1:ed areas in both city and country, especially the absolutely unevangelized condition of many millions in the smaller towns. and tbe teeming countryside in every part of Japan, we state our fervent desire for the fullest reinrorcements or the right spirit and qualifications for direct evangelism that the American Church can contribute. And there is need as well for extensive strengthening of our school staffs by the addition of specially trained, thoroughly qualified teachers for theological education, college work and secondary grades.

"The foreign missionary era in Japan is not drawing to a close and any misconceptions in that regard should be dissipated, and the sympathy, the prayers and the active participation of American Christians encouraged to the fullest extent possible."

The Federation of Christian Missions in Japan recently took up the question of "The Unfinished Missionary Task in Japan" and discovered an unfinished task so overwhelming and the Japanese churches so inadequately equipped, in numbers and funds, to meet the need that the turning of all evangelistic work over to the Japa- nese could not be considered. The cooperation between Japanese and foreigners is increasing and joint administration is being adjusted.

SOVIET RUSSIA'S FEAR OF CHRIS'L'

T EADERS of the revolution in Russia seem to have been deter- L mined to overturn all things that have stood in the past- capitalism, militarism, imperialism, scholasticism and religion. The view that many Russians had of these institutions in the days of the Czar's regime was not sufficiently attractive to commend them to the restless studeut classes. Generally they were autocratic, unreasonable, and selfish. The revolution has not changed Russia so much as it has changed the party in power. Those formerly on top and those formerly underneath have changed places. The leaders of the proletariat now rule almost as imperialistically, as unreasonably and as selfishly as did the former aristocracy. Moreover, they have such a hatred of some established institutions that they can see no good in them. Nothing is acceptable that recognizes an authority higher than that of the Soviet leaders. International law, traditional custom, and religion are anathema. They use every means in their power to promote Communism for they believe that only as the other nations adopt Bolshevist ideals and philosophy can Russia prosper under this same philosophy. In their distrust of other nations the Soviet leaders use spies to discover those qnfriendly to

I92ElJ EDITORIAL COMMENTS

their own ideas and methods and to prevent propaganda of antagonistic ideas. They refuse missionaries and other foreigners the privilege of stopping at Russian towns in transit, lest they report unfavorably on conditions and disseminate non-Bolshevistic teachings. The latest Soviet move is to expel the Young Men's Christian Association workers from Russia.

The government at Moscow has decided to put an end to Y. M. C. A. service even in the field of physical education in Russia. The ultimate cause lies in what the Moscow officials evidently regard as the incompatibility of two programs: that of the Y. M. C. A. which aims at the physical, mental and moral development of youth, and that of Communism which proposes world revolution. The Young Communists' International look upon the Christian propaganda carried on by the Young Men's Christian Association in China as one of the great hindrances to Bolshevist propaganda there. Christianity in general is considered antagonistic to Bolshevist teachings and practice.

Distinction should be made, however, between the fanatical wing of Communists that think and act in terms of social strife, aud the more moderate social reformers within the party who are seeking to reconstruct Russian life practically, even with the cooperation of non-Communistic forces.

This constructive group, in 1924, accepted the cooperation of the Y. :'£. C. A. in the interest of health sports, mass play, and physical instruction among the university students. Now, the radical influence of the Young Communists has been able to block the successful work so greatly needed. This need was shown in the medical examination of students in one of the universities less than a year ago that revealed 22% tubercular, 30% neurasthenic, and 60% anemIC.

The remedial education of the Y. M. C. A. was proceeding in the :'foscow universities until this interruption, which includes confiscation of the office equipment of the American Director and his expulsion from the country. Six instructors were employed on the university budget and by a volunteer leaders' corps of more than thirty men and women students. The American Director occupied the Chair of Physical Education and functioned as a regular member of the faculty. A thoroughgoing study in the health of students, their living conditions and nourishment, and other necessary factors on which to base a future scientific program was in process. Similar service in differing degrees of development were being extended in four other universities. The wider program included conduct of a seminar for the Moscow School Department instructors and one for the instructors of the Professional Union in outdoor baseball and handball, pedagogy of games, theory and practice of play, coaching, refereeing and scoring. Progressively this instruction was finding expression in life throughout the schools, clubs and

unions. Only last July a woman specialist of the Y. W. C. A. was given permission to develop f.urther the program among the girl students.

The Young Men's Christian Association has sought to render auy service, good in itself for the Russian people, that falls within the scope of Association effort and resources. This service has extended to all parts of E~ropean Russia and Siberia, and including Russian prisoners of the WorId War and prisoners of the Red Army held by Poland and Germany. Relief without charge has been administered through the funds provided by American men and women students, in behalf of students and professors in the Russian universities. Meals were provided, tons of clothing were distributed to Russian students and professors; supplies for free medical and dental dispensaries in Leningrad, Moscow, Kiev, and Odessa were administered that in a year amounted to 175,000 treatments and prescriptions; 4,000 scientific journals and books and 25,000 textbooks were placed in the libraries, enabling professors and students once more to come abreast of the developments in their sciences from which they had been cut off largely, dating from the onset of the World War; and food, fuel and clothing and medical assistance was provided to scientific workers, amounting to $100,000.

The relief administration having already come to an end, the discontinuance of physical education service program leaves the Y. M. C. A. without the opportunity to be of service in Soviet territory. The ministry of the Association to Russians in Europe will be most intelligently grasped by visualizing a Russian Student Chris~ tian Movement constituting a vital spiritual force among several thousand Russian youth in European universities. The labors of the foreign staff are bestowed upon cooperative processes to increase the effectiveness of the Russian spiritual forces in this time when the entire moral and religious content of Russian culture is imperilled under the destructive teaching and methods of atheistic Communism in Russia.

Among Russian students outside of Russia the Y. M. C. A. is conducting Bible study and evangelism that combines the values of Eastern and Western religious ideals and methods. A Russian religious literature is being produced that has the stamp of the best Russian editing and scholarship. Some of the most influential Russians are on record as believing themselves sent into exile to learn the lesson of Christian fraternity. While t,he masses of Russian people, especially the peasants, are still devoutly religious and are loyal to Christ, according to their light, the young communists and many Soviet leaders misunderstand Christ and His teachings and fear His influence. They believe (and rightly), that they cannot have their way if, at the same time, the people accept and follow the way of Christ. "He must rule until He hath put all enemies under His feet." BY REV. EMORY W. LUCCOOK, NANTAO OHRISTIAN INSTITUTE, SHANGHAI Missionary of the Presbyterian Board (North), 1921· T HIS paper does not pretend to explain the situation in China. The facts in the situation are far too complex, and the forces behind those facts too deeply rooted in historic connections tn permit of intelligent interpretation until at least a quarter of a century has cleared the atmosphere, and provided a proper perspective. The aim is rather to describe or picture the situation and to examine the high spots of its skyline that may suggest certain obligations and opportunities not often emphasized in the missionary thought of the home church.

I. THE POLITICAL SKYLINE The political skyline gives particular prominence to nationalism (including the Student Movement), militarism, and communism.

1. Nationalism: This is of course a part of the nationalistic and self-determining sentiment that is sweeping across the world. But in China it is also a very reasonable and necessary movement of self-preservation against Westernization of culture and exploitation of resources. It was stated in 1919 that irresponsible officials had mortgaged more than three fourths of China's known natural resources to foreign firms at ridiculously low rates. Possibly that is an exaggeration. But it does not take a very intimate acquaintance with China's recent history to congratulate her heartily upon the present awakening and focusing of attention on national affairs with its consequent examination of treaties and check upon the iniquitous practice of "leasing" the privileges of her material wealth. She is also and even mOre heartily to be congratulated upon the awakened interest in her cultural resources, and the consequent resentment against cultural arrogance and encroachments on the part of the West. The world will live to appreciate gratefully and thank her for this defiant preservation of intellectual and spiritual values that are bound to prove richly productive in the "cross-fertilization of cultures" of our increasingly interdependent arrangement of life.

It is this two-fold motive of self-preservation that accounts for the origin and amazing strength of the Student Movement. Our space is too limited to include the very fascinating story of this Movement with its background in the Republican struggle of 1911 j is fiery rejuvenation on the eventful May 4, 1919, in angry indignation and protest against the giving of Kiaochow Bay to Japan by the Grand Scramble of Versailles; and its enormous activity following 927 the shooting in front of the Louza Police Station in the International Settlement of Shanghai on May 30, 1925. Suffice it here to recognize the now general and long overdue interpretation of the Student Movement in terms not of sympathy with either mistreated labor or imprisoned and killed fellow-students, certainly not in terms of the revolt of youth against authority or the influence of Soviet propaganda, but rather in terms of not less than a clash of culture, a nationalistic revolt against injustice and impertinent arrogance with its roots deeply imbedded in years of mistreatment and maladjustment. Such an interpretation will help explain the fierceness of feeling and its otherwise ununderstandable spread through and grip upon the country at large.

To me, by far the most serious aspect of the whole nationalistic movement in China is the Western response to it and its demands" in terms of the mailed fist. China is in a dilemma as to her present course. Her own culture, traditions, and religions combine to disavow force and depend on reason and right. The situation, the way the game' is played in the International Settlement of Shanghai and in the 'Vest seem to repudiate reason and right in favor of military might. We are literally forcing China to arm.We are telling her that if she is to get a hearing at the council table of the nations, she must be prepared to demand it with guns. It would be a terrible tragedy, a menace to world well-being and Sllpreme stupidity to send this powerful race, steeped in a culture of peace and arbitration out into the arena of war. But for years now and particularly the last eighteen months, the ugly leering face of Mars has grinned in greedy anticipation, has sneered at our laboriously built apparatus of peace, and has been sure in his sinister soul that our work in China was preparing for him the greatest gorge of his life. This, I take it, is a challenge not only to Christian missionaries and Christian missions, but to the very heart of the Christian creed. Both the wisdom and efficacy of Christ are being seriously and sincerely questioned if not aggressively repudiated, and on a scale that makes the issue of vital consequence to the well-being of the whole wodd. The stage is perfectly set for the candidacy of Christianity. A consummate need corresponds to its most central teaching and claim. We must speak now or forever hold our peace.

2. Militarism: China has suffered from other than ,Vestern hands, and suffered severely. Many of her own statesmen would place indigenous militarism at the very top of her list of woes. Certainly it stands out prominently along the skyline of her present political situation.

"The writer regrets that the limits of this paper do not pennit a treatment of these important and just now very prominent topics. He feels that America while not as viciously aggre~sjve as some powers must take an independent position that is based not upon political exp~diency but upon the claims of ethical judgment. Otherwise, it will through the "most favored nation" clause be subject to the indictment of MacBeth j'who would not falsely play and yet W0111d wrongly win."

l!12G l A MISSIONARY VIl;;W OF THE SITUATION IN CHINA

Just now (October 12, 1926, subject to change without notice!) four outstanding figures occupy the field. Of the twenty-two Prov- inces, one (Sinkiang) is too far out of the way to be fought for, and three (Yunnan, Shansi and Shensi) are independent. To the north and east, three (Heilunkiang, Kirin and Fengtien are definitely, and two more (Chihli and Shantung) practically under the ex-bandit and very competent general Chang' Tso-lin. Honan is controlled by vVu Pei-fu, an accomplished scholar of the old school, whose influence just now seems to be waning but concerning whose future there is abundant speculation. The five very important provinces of Kiangsu, Anhwei, Chekiang, Kiangsi and Fukien take orders from Marshal Sun Chuan-fang. That leaves seven to be accounted for, six of SCALE !A/JprnJ which fly the flag of Chiang Kai- )I! % I 1~2 ,",,1"$ shek and the Canton government, and'the seventh, Kansu, is prob- ably, through the influence of the Christian General Feng, a friendly ally. A glance at the map will show the importance of the area held by this new and very young general from Canton whose suc- cesses, by the way, have been most enthusiastically and hopefully re- ceived by a great majority of the younger and foreign-trained stu- dents. It will also show the im- possibly long line of defense neces- SCENE OF THE SEIGE OF WUCHANG (Caplured by Chiang K'ai-shek in October.) saryagainst Sun Chuan-fang with whom or with whose territory peace must somehow be secured. Of the various forecasts "I am too ignorant to speak wisely and too wise to speak ignorantly." But I do know that it will mean further fighting and that fighting means terrible hardship and suffering especially to the noncombatant popu- lation. The military situation calls appealingly for the varied minis- tries of Christian mercy. (S ee frontispiece.) , 3. Comrm~nism: There is no doubt about Russian propaganda in China. Doubtless its amount and effect have been grossly exaggerated in the inability or unwillingness to make a more serious study of the situation. But there has been propaganda. Soviet consular officials have been very explicit in their condemnation of Western imperialism, and of Western exploitation in China. They have rejoiced in the serious damage to British trade through strikes and boycotts. Much the brightest and most responsive member of one of my Middle school Bible Classes was sent to a special school of propaganda in 2 Moscow. (So far as I am aware there is no organic relationship between his membership in my Bible Class and his selection as a suitable delegate to Moscow.) As a consequence of all this activity, there are Chinese with very strong Soviet inclinations and sympathies. But I have yet to talk with a man who would be considered an authority on the history and people of China who had the slightest apprehensions concerning China's carrying out of Russia's social experiment, unless, and this "unless" is increasingly emphasized, Western unreasonableness and continued aggression give Chinese radicals the upper hand.

II. THE INTELLECTUAl. SKYLINE The outline on the intellectual skyline is of course China's Renaissance, including mainly and splendidly a new study and appreciation of China's own cultural inheritance, a critical study of and appropriation from the Western cultural inheritance, and most of all a new language.

Mention has already been made of the new study and appreciation of China's own cultural inheritance as an important part of the nationalistic movement.

The emphasis upon the spirit and method of the renaissance in borrowing from Western culture s'hould stress the words" critically" and "selective. " Not all of our cultural contributions have been helpful. In Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, I saw offered for sale in store windows the most disgustingly filthy pictures with Western women as the subjects. A few months ago Shanghai police put a stop to nude dancing by a Western woman in a Chinese theater. Moving pictures that are improper and indecent are exported to China. The list might be extended. On the other hand, we must not be unduly confident in the selective processes of the Renaissance. Bertrand Russell, traveling with his secretary, whom he openly declared to be a consort of free love, received a much more enthusiastic reception by the students than did Rabindranath Tagore or than did a very brilliant and competent Christian lecturer. A field of important service is open to us in guiding the selection of material to meet this newly felt need for critically chosen contributions from Western culture. To my oft-repeated question: "Am I right in telling my Christian friends in the States that China has never been so ready to take from them what seems to be helpful and needed as she is to-day 7" the answer from both Christian and non-Christian has invariably been a decisive affirmative.

But by far the most important item on the intellectual skyline is the new language. And here we see the figure of a young man who only ten years ago took his diploma from Columbia University, and after graduate work at Cornell, went back to China and became a professor in the National University at Pekin. The chief item on his mind and heart was the need of his nation for a living written language.

Wenli, the traditional and accepted language of literature, had for more than two thousand years been unintelligible to all but a small group of high and classically educated scholars. Indeed it was in B. C. 120 that a protest was lodged with the Emperor complain- ing that his officials were unable to understand the Imperial edicts, because they were written in Wenli. The Emperor, instead of alter- ing the language in order to make it intelligible to his officials, de- termined to alter their intelligence. He forthwith instituted the famous system of examinations. Candidates for official appointments were shut up in little cells, very much like sentry boxes, where they wrote their assigned essays and verses, in Wenli. No originality. jj tl!! :;l:, Nothing creative. Just a meticnl- ~ 1Jt II)!

ous ritualistic copying of a dead 1 Wi A.

classical style. En Shih knew that such a language even if generally understood 'had been too long out of touch with life to serve as a medium for expressing life. With heroic courage he set himself to do for China what Dante and Petrarch had done for Italy, and what Chaucer and Wycliffe were largely instrumental in doing for England. He began to write, not "CWlhud Pro/>lt Rcvraled"-A Chlnes{' conception of the Nordic' _From Eastern MU(l!llafl.)! Commerci…l Press, Shanghai in the accepted classical style, but in the language of the "vulgar." AN ANTI-WESTERN CHINESE CARTOON At first he was greeted with good humor and derision. Then as the seriousness and determination of his literary reform began to be evident, the old school scholars connected it with his Western train- ing, and opposition became angry and violent. Cries of traitor were heard. But Eu Shih knew his ground. He retired and wrote a two volume history of Chinese philosophy. He put his brilliant best into it. And when it was published, it won the day on its merits. It was written of course in the vernacular. With its publication and ac- ceptance, "the period of controversy ended and the period of con- struction began." Poems, essays, news, school books, all forms of literary effort began to forsake the classical Wenli in favor of the popular Kuo-yu or national1anguage.

It is Hu Shih's literary reform that has given a dignity and pres- tige to the language which is of necessity Christianity's vehicle of literary expression. Try to grasp the significance of that fact. The Bible, sermons, tracts, all manner of Christian messages can now be broadcast in a living, accepted and increasingly intelligible language.

Within the experience of second term missionaries, scholars have scorned to study the Scriptures because they were not literarily cor- rect; and indeed the whole Christian movement was felt to be igno- rant and uncultured, with no message or meaning for intelligent people. Thanks to Hu Shih and the Renaissance, "a great door and effectual is opened to us."

Nor is the langllage al1. The Renaissance has widened horizons, extended interests, created a spirit of progress, and supplanted blind unreasoning prejudice with a critical attitude of mind that though unwilling to accept dogmatically is willing to examine and judge. I have had students unaffected bv the Renaissance and students of its extreme left wing. I prefer the latter. It is true that statistical reports at the end of the year are much less flattering, and it is true also that triple the amount of preparation has had to go into each period of instruction. The Christmas lesson was rudely interrupted with" If God had no wife, where did He get His Son?" and its mes- sage of love and good will bitterly challenged with the recitals of Christian conduct.

Th,e teaching is far more difficult, far more of a strain. Hut it is much better for both them and their leader. Tllis restlessness, this impatient dissatisfaction with things as they are, this angry in- tolerance of exploitation and injustice, this extension of attention and interest to folks in hitherto unvisited areas (both geographical and Racial), this willingness to study and be shown-all this is or should he most congenial to and compatible with the King'dom mes- sage of Christ. It is a great day for missions. .

III. THE RELIGIOUS SKYLI~E And finally and very briefly the religious skyline. Here T se:: not so much the growing realization of the impotency of national religions with the threefold result of repudiation, reformation, or syncretism, as I see the rise of an indigenous Christianity.

This is encouragingly evident throughout denominational missions, the leaders of which report a, very distinct, and sometimes disconcerting sense of responsibility on the part of congregations and their local officers. Let us rejoice in this. It is said of the men who turned Saul's kingdom to David that they "had understanding of the times." David was fortunate. Christ, and I say it very reverently, will be increasingly fortunate as those with understanding of the times are won to His cause and placed in positions of responsibility. As executive and administrative duties are taken over by the Chinese leaders, our interest and financial support must increase, rather than decrease. It is not and never has heen our work. It is not and never will be theirs. It is Christ's. Loyalty to Him and interest in His cause must make us rejoice not necessarily in the replacing of missionaries by Chinese, but in the directing of missionary labors by Chinese who "have an understanding of the times." So imp~rtant do I consider this phase of the subject that I ask indulgence for a personal testimony. In my own work I came to feel the limitations of my background and experience to such an extent that I had to make a condition of mv return to the field the election of a strong Christian Chinese ex~cntive secretary under whose direction I "'ould be able to render much more effective service. r1'his very naturally increases the interest and responsibilities of my supporting church. Ve must welcome and rejoice in this "coming to consciousness" of the indigenous church. vVe must realize the new and vastly greater opportunity that is ours in working with and through the Chinese Church.

'['he Board of Directors of a certain mission school are seeking to work out a new policy in which the Chinese members, long since in the majority, will be actually in directive control. 'L'he missionary members aTe vcry definite and generous in their intentions and statements. The new day has come. It must be met with a new policy. One of the Chinese directors, a strong Christian, and incidentally Witli no mission connection, stands up and says, "The mission- . aries must ,not feel obligated by either our desires, or by the spirit and trend of the times, to give us this control. It must come to us not by compulsion, but by trustful and expectant volition. When they can trust us, even in policies yery different from theirs, we will take the reins. Not before."

The high spire in the very center of the religious skyline is too imposing and interesting to escape comment. It is t11e spire of the "Church of Christ in China": not a federation of churches nor an independent church but a_ merging of some nineteen 'Vestern denominational differences into a sing'le corporate body, the First General Assembly of which will be held in Shanghai next year. Already these denominations are participating in presbyteries and synods of the new Church and many difficult questions have been solved.

As I scan the religious skyline I find myself thinking of the National Christian Conference which was held in the early spring of 19:2~, and in particular of extracts from three of its strongest addresses, one from a 'Vesterner and two from Chinese. The first was the keynote, it seemed to me, of the Chairman's inaugural address 'when he said, "Of course therc will be mistakes and difficulties but bettcr a Lazarus stumbling uncertainly within the limitation of his grave clothes than a lifeless corpse as yet unawakened in the grave." The second, after speaking' of necessary difference of opinion and conviction among men, sounded a watchword that has since, I am told, encircled the g10be, "Let us agree to differ but resolve to love." And the third told the story of a little boy who was asked by a professor which he would prefer: a half an orange or eight-sixteenths, to which the boy promptly replied, "A half." When asked why, he said, "Because when you divide it into so many parts you lose too much juice."

Call of Islam to the Church·

BY R. A. HICKLING, CHIKKA BALLAPURA, INDIA Islam is a great responsibility of the Church. If the Church of Syria in that day had been a missionary Church, the new wave of theism might have been made a great blessing in the earth instead of the scourge that it became. Missionary work in that day was quite certainly a thing on which the very existence of the Church depended. Mohammed had many opportuwities of learning that which would have made him truly an apostle. The Koran bears witness to what he actually did learn, and the record is a sad one.

A missionary Church could have made Mohammed aware of a Christ worthy of all his devotion, One who could have used the new movement to give life very abundantly instead of death. The Church of Syria did not do this. It perished, and with it the great Church of Africa. Islam is what it is through the feebleness of a branch of the ancient Church. It should be looked upon as a very important charge on the prayer and resources of the Church today.

MISSIONARY effort among Mohammedans has been compar- atively little in the past because many Christians supposed that the Moslem doctrine of one God put them in a position better than that of idolaters. But talk of one God may easily become mere arithmetic. The great question is, "What kind of a God is He?" Known in Christ, He is the God of Hope. Outside Christ He may be anything that men imagine, and in spite of the oft-repeated "Rahmani Rahem," the world has had terrible experience of what Allah is taken to be. It is only when it is joined with "the unsearchable riches of Christ" that the name of God begins to save SInners.

To do the best work among Mohammedans, we need to have missionaries specially set apart for them. Missionaries need to be "brought up to it." They need to give themselves to the study of Islam, its theology, and its sacred language. It is of no use trying to deal with Mohammedans by mere statements, by formulre and texts. We have much ground provided on which to work. The virgin birth of our Lord and His sinlessness are not matters of controversy with Mohammedans. These things are laid down unmistakably in the Koran, and the name of the Lord Jesus, Ruh 'Ullah, "Life-breath of God," has never been satisfactorily explained. We have also an appeal from the Mohammed of the politics, the victories, and the cruelties to the young devotee who, in his dread of the "weird women, " II took refuge with the Lord of the Daybreak."

The time has come when we should respond to the call of Islam, and so, far from abandoning anything, should set prayerfully about new effort in the great enterprise of bringing Islam to the feet of Christ.

'" From the Chronicle, London Missionary Society.

934

East Children ofthe Golden

BY HENRY H. MEYE~ NEW YORK Editor of Sunday School Publications, Methodist Episcopal Church Dr. Meyer r ecently visited the orphanages about which he writes and ohserved the work being done for the children. He is chairman of the "Committee on Religious Nurture" now cooperating with representatives of the Greek Orthodox, the Armenian Apostolic and the Armenian Evangelical Churcbes preparing a course of Sunday-school lessons for use in the orphanages and in the churches of the Near East.

AGREAT army of orphan children, scattered througlltmt the Near East, owe lheir daily bread, their education and in many cases their lives to American generosity. More than a million Uves have been saved; more than one hundred thousand orphan children have been cared for and more than $100,000,000 has been expended through this voluntary benevolence of the American people.

At present some thirty-five thousand of these "Children of the Golden Rule" are wards of the people of the United StateiS. Many more have graduated from the Near East Relief orphanages, so that it is possible that the children who have come under the influence of American teachers and relief workers may form the controlling element of the population of the countries they inhabit in the years to come. In any case they will compose an influential portion of the citizenry.

It is the aim of the Near East Relief to have its charges capable 935

of self-support at the age of sixteen. To this end their training is of a much more practical nature than the formal type of education which obtains in America. The orphans have the opportunity of becoming skilled artisans by the time they leave the orphanage. All tKe work around the orphanages is done 4y the orphans themselves.

The products of some of the industrialilasses have considerable market value, and their sale helps conside'iably toward the expenses of the~elief work. For centuries illiteracy has been the curse of the will Near East. But no child trained in a Nea~ East Relief orphanage will have that handicap. This fact alone assure him a place of some prominence in his community.

,But our duty to these orphans is not fully discharged when they have achieved economic independence and sufficient schooling to raise them intellectually above the average for their land. Their mora~ and spiritual welfare is even more important, and through the Near East Relief, the American people are proving themselves worthy of this trust also.

When ,the Armenian nation was crushed and scattered by persecution, its Church also suffered eclipse and the present remnant is much in need of assistance and encouragement. Nevertheless this is the only church which serves and is accessible to all Armenians. Its own officials concede that this Church should make more adequate provision for the religious needs of its young' people who live to-day in an environment very different from that in y,hich its ritual and ceremonies were developed. If this church can have the leadership of young men educated under American supervision and can have a large body of Christian laymen who are at the same time interested in the social and political welfare of their country, the Church may be built up and strengthened.

In·that dissension-ridden section of the world, a great reservoir of potential leadership exists in the young people who have graduated from the Near East Relief orphanages. They are teachers in Armenia and Palestine, nurses in Greece and Syria, model llOusekeepers in Egypt, Bulgaria and Rumania, sanitation workers, mechanics, etc., throughout the Near East. One hundred and fifteen thousand of them are already filling' their places in the economic lifo of the New Near East. There are thirty-five thousand still to come. They c.arry with them the highest ideals of Christian America. 'rhey are educated far beyond the other peoples with whom they will have to compete for a livelihood. They stand as the bulwark of Christianity in a country where all faiths meet and where much is expected of the Christian. They are the potential political and social leaders of their section of the world. Through the work already done and that still to be completed, for the children of the Golden Rule, America fills the role of saviour of a race and defender of the faith.

Copyri.ght by P ublishers Phot o Servic e

ANCIE.NT AND MODER~ IN NAZARI;;" ' H , PAI,ESTI:-<I~ The o ld " W ~II of the Vil'g in" and th E.' modern s ign fo-r mo tor ca rs.

Islam and Western Civilization The I nfluence of West en t N atiol1S and TVestern Science, Commerce and Thonght on the M oharmnedan Wo'rld BY BASIL ){ATHEWS, GE'X EV A, SWITZERJ,A1>,'D Boys ' Work Secretary, 'Worl d's Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations T I-IE traveler in Moslem lands today is startled at every turn by the myriad signs of the pressure of vVestern commerce, science and gon>rnment. 'I.'11e government of Moslems by 'Western and (at least in name) Christian nations dates back throug'h the centuries, but today is not only gTeater in extent, but presents a situation entirely new ill its significance.

In the old days, governments alld their armies and the occasional traveler 01' the merchallt from Venice came and went, leaving the Oriental Moslem unmo ved in hi s habit of life, hi s modes of thought, or his ideal for his OWll people. Today, the technical scientific machines from the ~-est, snch as the sewing' machine, the motion picture, the motor-plough-tractor and the multiple printing press, are transforming the ordinary habit of life of millions of Moslems. Of even more significance is the influeuce of the vast political movements associated with such words as "nationalism," "Bolshevism," "Fasc- 937

ism" and "self-determination" which are working revolutionary changes in multitudes of Moslems in every area of the Islamic world.

A caution is here necessary. In dealing with such a subject we necessarily concentrate attention on changes that are taking place, .but if we are to keep a true perspective, we must not forget the great ranges of Islam which still lie under the spell of ancient ways. The fact that out of the two hundred and forty millions of Moslems not more than twelve millions can read, and that of this twelve millions not more than half a million are women, gives a vivid impression of this great inert mass. It should be noted, however, that movements like Bolshevism sweep more swiftly through illiterate masses than through the better educated groups.

MOSLEMS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT 0]1 THE WEST The transition from the stupendous empire of the caliphs of Bagdad to the present condition has been so gradual that we tend to lose sight of the enormous change that has taken place. When we recall that in the first century after Mohammed Islam (according to Gibbons' estimate) I I overwhelmed over thirty-six thousand cities, towns and castles, " and that Islam reigned from Spain acrossNorth Africa, Arabia, Persia and Afghanistan through the Mogul Empire of North India down to Bengal; and from Bulgaria down to Zanzibar, we can understand the depression of a Moslem as he looks at the present situation. Through the centuries, the Christian European peoples have gradually dismembered Islam.

Britain took over the wreckage of the Mogul Empire in India and thus became the greatest Moslem empire in the world. Morocco fell into the hands of Spain and ]'rance, the latter country ruling also over Algeria and Tunisia, while Tripoli has gone into the hands of Italy. Syria is governed by France and Iraq and Palestine by Britain under mandates of the League of Nations; while all Moslems south of the Sahara are under the rule of some European power. Out of two hundred and forty million Moslems in the world, eighty- five per cent are under the rule or the protection of Christian gov- ernments. Ninety-four million are within the British Empire; Holland rules over thirty-nine millions; France over twenty-eight millions; Russia over fifteen millions; and America governs some six hundred thousand in the Philippines. Seventeen millions are under League of Nations mandates or in semi-dependent lands. Less than thirty millions (excluding Egypt) live in independent Moslem states.

In this overwhelming preponderance of Western government over Moslem peoples, we find a chief cause of the present upheaval of thought and action in the Moslem world. The superficial contradictory forms that those reactions take are bewildering. We con· centrate on two.

1926>] ISLAM AND WESTERN CIVILIZATION

Mustapha Kemal, head of the present Turkish Government, recently preached a vehement crusade calling for the rejection of the fez and the wearing of the soft felt hat or a cloth cap. A paragraph from one of his speeches is amusing in its detail: The international dress of civilized peoples becomes our nation perfectly. We will be shod with shoes and boots; we will wear trousers, shirt, waistcoat, collar, tie, jacket; we will put on a peaked or brimmed headgear, or to speak more clearly, a hat. We will wear a frock coat, a tail coat, a dinner coat, a dress coat; and, if there are those who hesitate, I will say to them that they are stupid and ignorant. . . . In wearing a headdress different from the rest of the universe, we are held at a distance from them. Look at the Turkish and Moslem world. You will see people who suffer and struggle because they do not conform their thoughts and spirit to the changes that civilization demands. That is the cause of our backwardness and of the misfortunes that have befallen us. If we have saved ourselves in the space of some years, it is thanks to the transformation of our thinking. We cannot stop. We must always advance. The nation must know that civilization possesses so great a force that she scorches up and destroys all those confronting her who remain indifferent.

With .unparalleled swiftness the change was made at his command. Its significance lies in the fact that the head that has worn the fez is now thinking in terms of Western civilization rather than of the East, and is taking as its model not Mecca, but Paris.

Simultaneously, Turkey has adopted the Swiss civil code, and the Italian criminal code, which means for the first time in the history of Islam the elimination of the Koran and traditional Islamic law.

Simultaneously, the Turk is herding all the Ohristians-Greek and Armenian-out of his territory, and, at the same time, is setting his face sternly against the greater part of Western educational and medical assistance (two areas in which he is terribly in need of help). To welcome Western civilization with open arms and to reject Western assistance seems, on the face of it, contradictory. It is not so, however, when we grasp the central clue-which is that Turkey has decided to stand on its own feet as a self-governing, independent, national republic of the Western type. Oenturies have taught Turkey that practically every intervention by Western peoples has been a move in some subtle and often sordid political or commercial game. The story of the relationships of Russia, Germany, and Austria with Turkey have been a story of jealousy, fear and selfinterest. It was this feeling that was behind the memorable words that Viscount Bryce spoke to the writer in our last conversation together, when he said: "No intervention in all history, going into the Near East from outside, has ever done those lands any good, except the missionaries."

The second example of apparent contradiction is the caliphate agitation in India. This drew Mahatma Gandi into alliance with the Ali brothers and raised through all Indian Islam the cry-' l Save

the caliphate." They claimed that the" satanic" powcts of the West were robbing the caliph of the holy places-Mecca and Medina, Jerusalem and Damascus. Then suddenly, not the" satanic" Western Powers, but Mustapha Kemal himself dethroned the caliph and threw him across the frontier in ignominious exile in a Christian country. Again the seeming contradiction is more apparent than real. What inspired the Indian caliphate agitation at its heart was really nationalism and the same thing' inspired lIustapha Kemal and the National Turkish Assemhly to destroy the caliphate.

In this upheaval all over the Moslem world of nationalism in varying forms, we find the clue to the present tangled and often discordant relationships of the Islamic peoples with their ,Vestern rulers, from the restless Riff tribes of Morocco at one end of the Moslem world to the youth movements among the Javanese, and the nationalistic feeling among the Moros of the Philippines at the other.

VVESTERN PICTURES AND IDEAS ,Ve shall see this introduction of Western ideas most simply and picturesquely by taking a swift tour across the more than ten thousand miles of the life of present-day Islam.

Ocean liners drop anchor almost every day in Manila Bay in the Philippines and off Dakar, the mushroom port on the Atlantic coast of Africa.

Between those liners lies the whole ~world of Islam, stretching across Africa, Asia, and Indonesia. By an odd and almost humorous coincidence that world, which begins ,vith the Moors of Morocco, ends also with the Moors (or Moros) as the Spaniards called the Moslems when they discovered the Philippines.

Those ocean liners stand as symbols of the ,Vestern civilization which is sailing into the harbors of I slam in every area, disintegrating and corroding the old static civilization of the last thirteen centuries.

A swift tour across the more than ten thousand miles of tIle ]ife of the more than two hundred and forty million Moslems, will reveal an astounding variety of influences of that Western civilization.

Landing at Dakar, ,Vest Africa, we see on the wharves a multitude of bales of goods being unloaded from the" ship of the desert" to be dropped into the holds of the ship of the ocean. In 1900, a mail steamer called only twice a month at Dakar, while, in 1925, sixty mail steamers a month and 2,500 freig'ht ships carried to Dakar 400,000 tons of cargo and took away 300,000 tons. The African population has grown from 3,000 to 25,000.

The waiting camels, whose masters are dressed in the raiment of Abraham, have brought goods acras:" the Sahara Desert, and from great Moslem markets like Kano in Nigeria with its stupendous walls of mud fifteen miles in circumference. These goods go into the

ISLAM AKD WESTERN CTVILIZATION

steamships. In turn the camels will be loaded with new goods from the VVcst and will go back, for instance, to Kana, where ten thousand men- Arab, Rausa and Negro-are bartering in the marketplace. There they will unload the mirrors, safety-razors, needles and crockery, sewing machines, phonographs and alarm clocks from America.

West of Dakar (north and south of the Sahara) stretch more than two thousand miles of African Islam to the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. In Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Tripolitania, we have an unbroken line of vVestern European government influence, for all along that southern coast of the Mediterranean the Latin General Motors Export Co. AN ANCIENT OBSTACLE TO MODERN P HOGHESS The sign, prohibiting entranCe into the Mogu]s' ter r itory. Afghanistan.

European governments of Spain, France and Italy rule. Particularly in the French colonies, the European system of secular education prevails alongside multitudes of primitive Moslem village schools. Thousands of adolescent boys each year go out from the government schools able to read in French the latest novels, the theories of Karl :Marx, the latest vVestern innovation of Mustapha Kemal in Turkey, the hurly-burly of European politics-the whole story of the world's unrest. The fathers and grandfathers of these boys for thirteen centuries have, for the most part, known no book save the Koran.

Alongside this school education in ,Vestern knowledge go the swiftly increasing allies- the movies, the motorcar, the wirelesschildren of the twentieth century revolution in the transport of men

and goods and ideas. In Algeria alone (where France has made magnificent roads) this year there are twenty-five thousand motorcars and increasing shiploads are imported to the central cities all along North Africa every year.

It is extraordinary how the ideas (as' well as the engines) of Europe penetrate. The germ of a new idea is like the germ of influenza in its rapid and feverish spread. The fact that the Governor of Tunisia between July and October of last year had to deal with a nationalistic upheaval, a bolshevik strike, a fascist demonstration, and a Moslem revival, gives us a picture of the situation in which the germs of nationalism, bolshevism and fascism (breathed out by Lenin, Mussolini, Mustapha Kemal) infect the lives of millions.

In Egypt, we find that the new life of Europe has invaded the people. Cairo is a blend of Paris and Damascus; the ideas of modern nationalism have worked a great revolution. King Fuad is the first free independent ruler of Egypt as a sovereign state for over three thousand years. He and his prime minister and cabinet are the product of the. flaIning spirit of nationalism-a direct importation from Europe. Their greatest need is youth who have the type of personal character without which no democratic government can persist.

One gets some idea of the way Western politics and science are changing the sanctions of Islam as one sits in an electric street car in Cairo hearing boys shout the sale of an astounding number of daily papers; as we learn that a new book or pamphlet is published every day in that city, the vast majority of which are either direct products of European thinking or science, or IslaInic attempts to refute it; and as we see students from the government schools rushing down the streets shouting and waving banners in a political demonstration.

To keep our perspective balanced, however, we must recall the enormous ranges of what the French call "Black Islam" which lie in Africa behind this scintillating Mediterranean fagade.

Yet the new influences are breaking in even among the scores of millions of Moslems from Nigeria (where they number eleven millions), and Senegal (where there are more than a million), or French Guinea (with a million, seven hundred thousand) to Abyssinia. In 1925 and 1926 the Sahara and the Libyan Desert have been crossed and recrossed a number of times by motorcars and we seem to be at the beginning of a process in which the caterpillar traction motorcar will compete with the ocean-liner and the Nigerian railway in pouring the influences of Western life across the desert into primitive animistic Islam.

Facing Egypt across the Mediterranean lies the most sensational of all the evidences of the influence of Western nationalism and science on Islam. If Mustapha Kemal should die, no one can

ISLAM AND WESTERN CIVILIZATION

predict what will happen, but much has been done that seems irrevocable. Not only has the dress been changed, the Moslem monasteries closed, and their funds taken over, the caliphate abolished and the caliph thrown out; but the Swiss civil code and the Italian criminal code have become the law of the land.

The Ottoman Empire is dead. The Turkish nation is borna nation that has its face turned to Europe and America, not to the East. Its face is turned to Christendom; but it certainly is. not turned to Christianity.

Moving eastward we come to the great relatively unchanged areas of Arabia, Mesopotamia, Persia and Afghanistan. Even here the revolution in Persia that has put Riza Shah Pehlevi on the throne; the linking up of Mesopotamia with the European railway systems by a continuous motor service across the desert from Bagdad (which incidentally in this year carried over two hundred students to the American University at Beirut for the first time) are symptoms of the modern contacts that are everywhere changing the attitudes of the people.

The enormous mass of Indian Moslems (sixty-eight miIlions)- by far the greatest Moslem group in the world-are, on the whole, because of their solidarity and their mass, less changed in outlook than almost any others and more resistant to every type of external influence. This is curious, seeing that they have been under the British rule for so long a time.

On the other hand the more than thirty million Moslems of the Dutch East Indies, are being greatly influenced in outlook by bolshevism and the technical miracles of mechanics of the Western world. This perhaps is mainly due to the fact that the Javanese Moslems were largely animists and have no resistant cultural civilization behind them; whereas the Indian Moslems are embedded in the stupendous unchanging body of Hinduism and have behind them an ancient civilization.

In the Philippines, the Moros, hereditary Moslem pirates for many centuries, are being brought under the powerful influences of American public schools, and the vigorous civilization of the United States.

GOVERNMENTS OF THE WEST AND MOSLEM PEOPLES It would be possible, by the selection of facts, to tell a story of oppression, bloodshed and chicanery, beginning with the crusaders riding into Jerusalem down to the secret treaties during the WorId War. One could also build up an accurate record of the blessings conferred on Moslem peoples by Western governments. Never, for instance, had Egypt in four thousand years experienced unbroken peace, equal justice for prince or peasant, the waters of the Nile conserved and made accessible to all, and a developing education,

until Lord Cromer's rule. Each picture would be made by a selection of facts. The truth lies in the blend of the two. As we look over this chequered record of the illtluellce and attitudes ofVestern governments in the past, we are moved by a strong desire that the whole spirit and action of our contacts in the future should be christianized. As we look again at the positive revolution that is being worked in Moslem lands by Western political ideas (republicanism, for .instance), by ,Vestern social ideas (the freedom of woman, for instance), by ,Testern applied science in all the instruments of transport like autos, liners, aeroplanes, etc. and the instruments for carrying ideas (the cable, the wireless, the movie, etc.), and by our aggressive commercial expansion, we begin to see that these things will be a curse and not a blessing to the people unless those moral qualities for which Christ's teaching slands come in and purify public, social and business life.

Western civilization must take the lead in exerClsmg a new spirit. The day of domination of Moslem by Christian or Christian by Moslem is dead . The day of recrimination must pass. The day of cooperation must dawn. And the very heart of that new movement must come through the missionary outreach of the Christian churches. For one first great act in that process of cooperation is to share with Islam the full-orbed truth in Christ.

AN ARMENIA!" SERVICE, HELD FOR NEAR EAST RELIEF CHlLDREN. AT CORINTH, GREECE. (See page 935. )

DELEGATES TO THE CONVENTION IN MEDELLIN

A Protestant Convention in Colombia BY ALEXANDER M. ALLAN, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA T HE preachers and elders of our Evangelical churches of Colombia were anxious to get together, so over twenty of them with three missionaries met in the city of Medellin on the 20th of July. Some of the delegates were two weeks on the jour- ney. Medellin is an old-fashioned, red-tile-roof Spanish city founded long ago by Spaniards and Jews expelled from Spain; her people are active, industrious and mercantile. What was our surprise, on arrival, to find a crowded meeting at the corner of a park, where priests and orators were decrying our small and innocent Evangeli- cal convention, as if it were a mighty insult to a Catholic community.

They demanded its suppression. I got off the trolley car, and later joined the throng before the Governor's house, where with five holy banners, the priests thanked the Governor for the prohibition, which was now pasted on all the principal street corners.

A number of men from the surrounding villages paraded the streets sbouting "Down with the Protestants." Placards calling on Catholics to defend the holy faith were posted on many walls. The Catholic daily printed a special edition to combat our Convention.

How different from Chicago during the Eucharistic Congress, where free rides and banquets, cleared streets and radio sermons from bishops who advooated Bible reading were the order of the day.

The Catholic daily in Medellin published a long article to combat tbe error of supposing that because Oatholic delegates had been wen treated in Chicago, therefore Medellin should do likewise. Its argu- ment was as follows: Catholicism is unchangeable truth therefore 3 945

deserves the best treatment, and merits all the attention of America. Protestantism is crass error, and on that account should beextirpated and treated in a hostile way.

The Governor of the Province of Antioquia, perhaps the most fanatical in Oolombia, absolutely prohibited our Oonvention, and instructed the Mayor and Ohief of Police to see that his instructions were carried out. Next day some suggested that we appeal to the Oentral Government at Bogota, but we turned to a higher court of appeal. The lady missionaries held a prayer meeting in the school, th€ elders held another in the church. Believing that we had been called together to further the work of the Lord, and knowing that in spite of misrepresentations, and Jesuitical twisting of the law, the Oonstitution of the country provided for freedom of worship, we resolved to go ahead with our convention and leave the result with God. We wrote no articles, made no defense, sent no wires, but cast ourselves on the Almighty. We requested the authorities to inform us as to the nature of the prison cells, whether overcoats were needed, and if the food should be supplemented by extras from outside, and advised them that there would be no resistance on our part when they sent to arrest us.

Such an attitude surprised and nonplussed the officials. They had expected that as good Presbyterians and law-abiding foreigners and Oolombians we would appeal to Bogota for permission to hold our meeting. To that end, wires had. been pulled and misrepresentation made in high official quarters so that no such permission would be given, at least not for a few weeks, till we had all gone home again. Here we were, two Americans, one Scotchman and twenty Oolombians all offering to go to jail and quietly going ahead with the meetings on schedule time. To jail us would be easy, but what would people say ~ What would Ohicago think ~ If we held our convention in jail, would not the halo of martyrdom gather around the heads of the" accursed heretics" ~ So the high-sounding prohibitions were left hanging in the air, and we walked over the Red Sea dry-shod, singing our song of praise to Him who had triumphed gloriously. Our meetings, both public and private, were unmolested, and many private citizens expressed their sympathy with us.

The Oonvention itself was intensely interesting. Eight days were spent in prayer, discussion and planning for enlargement. Medical work, in a small way, was stressed as a great necessity in a land where medical attention for the poor is difficult to get. Schools were felt indispensable in a land where eighty per cent of the people are unable to read or write. Preaching the Word, in season and out of season, seemed the greatest need, that congregations might be formed, guided and organized towards the creation of a self-supporting, self-propagating and self-governing church.

A "Revival" in

BY MRS. MAUDE NEWELL WILLIAMS For Sixteen Years a Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, and Author of "The Least of These in Colombia"

T HIS is the story as I had it from Maria, an eye-witness. A priest from Spain came to visit Colombia. To him it appeared that the Colombians were lac}ring in religious zeal. They did not crowd the churches; rarely did the saints "walk out" in procession; even the confessionals were neglected. What to do to arouse interest in the sacraments of the church remained a problem.

Finally he bethought him of a plan. He would have the bishop proclaim a week of special masses, each to be preceded by the public appearance of the saints. Accordingly it was done. Mary of the Annunciation, in pink brocade; Mary of the Conception, in goldspangled blue silk; Mary of the Assumption, in glittering silver gauze; Mary of the Sorrows, in heavy black; Mary, Queen of Heaven, in purple velvet and jeweled crown; Peter, in a velvet robe, in one hand the keys of Heaven, in the other, a cock; Joseph, James, John, together with a dazzling array of lesser saints, each towering tall and conspicuous on a gorgeously decorated platform, all lurched forth into the street. Tottering and quivering on their platforms, the great wax images were accompanied down the street by the population of the city. Gaudily attired church officers bearing lighted tapers; a brilliant array of ecclesiastics resplendent in stoles and chasubles; boys in white surplices, swinging smoking censers; highest officials of the State, decorated with glittering emblems of office, gaily uniformed soldiers with :Bashing sabers and helmets; shnfHng, dark-faced policemen bearing long guns; bands of musicians in gorgeous suits of. gold and scarlet, their instruments now Mng joyously, now sounding a hushed funeral march; files of young men from the Jesuit schools in simple uniform and with banners; blackrobed senoras in high-heeled shoes; bepowdered and bedecked upperservant girls in straw sandals; tangled-haired, skin-begrimed mestizos, bare-footed and clad in garments of whatever shade and shape, -a mob of people from all classes choked the street to suffocation, and through this mob the procession wormed its way.. Slowly, slowly, through the city, swayed the multitude.

At the .street corner the vanguard pushed. A quiver undulated down the long line and all motion ceased. It was as though momentum could carry the stream no farther and its gradually lessening movement dwindled to nothing. The bands were hushed, and four men who carried a small organ suspended on poles deposited it on the ground. A priest seated himself at the organ, and led in a shrill 947

chant, while the censers of burning incense were slowly waved back and forth. The Host, borne in a monstrance, was raised, and at the many-throated mumbling of a prayer the multitude swayed to its knees, as ripened grain bends before the wind. The prayer ceased, the Host was slowly lowered, the organ was lifted, and an echoing sigh vibrated down the line. The musicians sounded a note, the peo- ple scrambled to their feet, and the towering saints resumed their tottering march. Each street corner witnessed a repetition of this ceremony. .

In the course of several hours the procession reached the church, and a long, drawn-out celebration of the mass preceded the entrance of the saints. Finally, however, the last quivering image disappeared into the building with the mass of human beings pushing and crowd- ing its sweating, disordered way behind. The Spanish priest had accomplished his object-he had secured an audience!

Then he preached-in Spanish, the language of the people-a thing most unusual! Why was he not using Latin "/ Was it not really a desecration to employ the Spanish in the church f The people listened; stoically, critically, curiously, breathlessly, according to their individuality, as people listen everywhere. The close-packed, compact mass, stood gazing upward at the speaker, whose tall, black- robed form seemed to rise and fall in the flickering light of candles everywhere about him. Coming from a land where every educated man is an orator, the Spaniard was more eloquent than most. Taking for his theme the sins into which the people had fallen, he spoke with fluent energy and rapid gesticulation. His words poured forth with- out hesitation, a burning fire, scathing, blasting, in a passion of de- nunciation.

"You openly commit major sins, then neither confess them, nor pay the penances. You are forsaken of God. Your friends agonize in purgatory, while you debauch yourselves and pay nothing for their release. Many of you are without hope, without 'shame."

Here followed an enumeration of sins committed by his hearers.

Fervent phrases rolled over each other as, one by one, these sins were named. Especially did he condemn the putting to death of one's own child, of whatever age.

Pushed by the crowd, a young- woman, palpitating with life and vigor, pressed close to Maria's side. She had entered the church, laughing, whispering, as joyful as most of them were. As the im- passioned priest emphasized his condemnation of child murder, thundering forth the question, "·Woman, you who have done this thing, what pardon can you expect ~" the girl commenced twisting her fingers; her eyes grew startled, her cheeks paled, and she un- consciously whispered, as though answering the question, "The Padre said that it was all right. lIe would pardon me and no one

A "REVIVAL" IN COLOMBIA

would suspect him or me. He would make it all right for me with the Virgin."

The priest repeated his withering condemnation. He enlarged upon the punishment due girl-mothers who made way with their infants. He painted vivid pictures of the tortures of Purgatory that awaited such women. Did more than one livid face reflect the despair piercing startled, horror-struck souls 1 With each burning sentence that fell from the speaker's lips, the excitement of the girl at Maria's side increased. She shivered; her face blanched, her eyes bulged in terror; the hand that clutched Maria's arm was clammy.

Not one word did the priest utter of Divine forgiveness, of the blood of Jesus Christ that taketh away all sin. Rising on his toes, swaying above his breathless audience, in one last supreme effort he poured forth a blaze of denunciation, and dismissed the affrighted people.

The pulsating mass separated, swarmed from the lighted church into the clinging darkness of the fast-descended night. With a sharp intake of breath, the trembling, terror-stricken girl pushed her way through their midst.

Suddenly, out from the crowd darted a figure, with arms stretched high above its head. A white face gleamed for an instant as the figure flashed by a lighted window. A voice shrilled, "Pardon, pardon!" Before anyone could realize what it meant, with a final cry for the pardon she had been given no reason to expect she could receive, the frantic girl threw herself over the cliff into the raging rapids below. Above the roar of the river, and the startled cry of the nerveracked people, echoed the despairing wail: "Pardon! pardon!"

What wonder that sinful hearts are driven to madness where they have not been taught the Gospel of the cleansing power of the crucified and risen Christ ~ CHOSEN How wonderful! Can it indeed thus be That in Thy thought, 0 God, in ages past, I had a place? That when Thy mind conceived This world created, peopled, fall'n, redeemed, Restored, to manifest Thy glory before The universe as in no other way, Thou saw'st the work would not be quite complete Except I had a part therein Y Yea, thus Thy Record readeth :-Chosen in Him before The world that we should holy be; and then, .At la~t, be set before the glory of Thy .Presence blameless, spotless, pure, because The blood of Jesus Christ Thy Son had washed Us from our sins.

-R. H. YOUNG.

Among Sumatra Cannibals*

BY' REV. C. J. HALL, MEDAN, SUMATRA ATOUR in the territory of the Rhenish (German) Mission among the Battaks in the Salendang Valley of Sumatra has made a profound impression upon me. The triumphs of the grace of God among these people are marvelous. These Christian Battaks are a people transformed and differ amazingly from their kinsmen. For one thing, they are clean. For another, they are prosperous. They truly worship God and try to adorn the religion of Christ.

We were cheered by the number of good churches. After we reached this territory, there was scarcely a time when we could not see three or four churches from the road along which we were traveling. Some of them were fine edifices, seating from a thousand to fifteen hundred people. They were surmounted by tall, sharp-pointed spires and in the steeples of several were clocks. There were signs of better times than are now enjoyed, for the German missionaries were almost compelled to close up during the war when money stopped coming from Germany. That they have been able to continue without severe restriction of the Church's work is due, in part, to the Government that in this region does what is unheard of else· where-namely, grants financial assistance for evangelistic as well as educational work. This is due to the fact that in this region the missionaries preceded the Government and did so much for the peo· pIe that they practically became their rulers. Now it is cheaper and easier to help to finance the mission than to attempt to set up new governmental machinery in the valley. Before the Gospel of Christ was brought to them, these people spent so much of their time in feuds and quarrels that they made little headway in agriculture. Today, as Christians, they enjoy peace and a settled· government, and are making rapid progress in such civil pursuits as farming and simple home industries.

They are a worshipping people. They go to Church. At one Sunday morning service, we counted one thousand people in the can· gregation. At that hour, the women who had children under ten years of age were in another service near by. The form of the service was German Lutheran, and the language Battak. First a song leader lined out the words, two lines at a time. Then the congregation followed, the tune being played on an organ. After that the teacher read the ritual. One of the pillars of the church, an old man, bare-footed, read a passage of Scripture and made comments thereon for about five minutes. Other songs were sung, then the offering was taken and everyone present seemed to give something.

• From T/i.e Indian W1tness, M;>rch, 1926. 950 The seating was peculiar. A number of elderly men sat on the front seats in one section. Nine of the lady missionaries headed another section. Back of the "elders" and the missionaries came the Battak women. The younger men were in the rear. Up in the galleries, which extend the whole length of the church on both sides, were the children over ten years of age under the care of monitors who circulated freely among them to keep them quiet. It was the most orderly service with an Asiatic congregation I have ever been in.

The preacher, a middle-aged man trained in their own school, came forth, mounted the high pedestal reaching almost to the roof and delivered a sermon which lasted about thirty minutes. He held the attention of his audience, and made a very favorable impression upon us.

What I have described as taking place in one large church we were told was taking place at the same time in every church throughout the region. The churches were not all so large or so well arranged, but nearly all the people were within reach of a house of worship and the fields were deserted and shops closed on the Lord's day. It seems to be the custom for all the people to be Christians. I asked the caretaker of the rest-house where we stayed if he were a Christian and he seemed startled that I should ask him-what else could he be in this community!

It was not always so in this region! Some ninety years ago two young American missionaries, named Munson and Lymann, who were working on the west coast of Sumatra heard of beautiful Lake Toba and proposed to visit it afoot. They were escorted through the territories of the ruling chiefs, or rajas, by the rajas themselves until they came near the Lake. There they entered a territory where two chiefs were quarreling and no one would escort them further. They were told that they would be eaten if they went on alone but they refused to be afraid. After a while they were ambushed, speared through and through, boiled and eaten. Their bones were left to bleach under a tree that has become famous. A granite monument has been erected on which is this inscription in German: "Here lie the bones of two American missionaries, Munson and Lymann, ki1Ied and eaten in 1834. John 16: 1-3. "The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church."

For thirty years this exact spot was unknown, but when some of the Battaks became Christians they told and were hotly critici'zed by other Battaks for telling. To this day one finds keen sorrow among the people, and sons and grandsons of those who took part in the crime often ask if their sins have been forgiven. The Battaks themselves subscribed the money that made the movement possible. In 1863, a lone German, Dr. Nommelson, started the work that has now achieved such great things He learned the language on the coast

and determined to carry the Good News to this lake region. When he arrived and explained why he had come, the Battaks told him they did not want him among them. He replied that he had come as their friend and would help them. They threatened to eat him if he would not move on. He answered that it wasn't polite to eat one's friends and that he would stay. A little later they invited him to a feast. He politely accepted. As soon as he ate he got very sick and vomited. They had given him dog poison enough to kill several dogs and it was too strong to keep down. When he got rid of it unharmed they acquired great respect for him and decided that the Great Spirit was with him. He lost his teeth from the affair but remained ther"e until he died among them in 1918.

We visited some of the institutions. One was their manual training school, which has a four-year course. They teach the students to do all their own building such as dwellings, bridges, churches, waterwheels and furniture.

In their leper asylum, there are 497 patients, under a se1£- governing regime. A German doctor is in charge. He is assisted by a Battak teacher-preacher. They have their own water system, and an electric plant which furnishes light for their ninety houses and runs a washing machine and rice cleaner. The men and women live in separate enclosures. The men have their king; the women their queen. When they are sent there, they must stay for life. They seem happy and are kept busy. The Government gives a subsidy of about $3 gold per month for each inmate, and this provides for the entire establishment.

Their training school for teachers and preachers interested us greatly. When young men come for training, their parents must supply the money for rice and vegetables They do all the work around the place, and have a school band. The enrollment at present is only seventy. All the buildings are located around a rectangular piece of land, with the missionary's house at one end and the chapel at the other. 'Ye had the privilege of speaking to the students and of hearing them sing. The tunes are German but the words are Battak translations of German hymns.

We thank God for the privilege of seeing this great work and are eager that our work may profit by what we have seen.

Arthington-"A NIiser" for Christ"

BY c. E. WILSON, B.A.

AGENERATION ago, on the 9th October, 1900, there died at the age of seventy-seven years one of the most remarkable characters the Christian Church of England has ever produced. In the annals of the Eaptist Missionary Society, and perhaps in all British Missions, the name of Robert Arthington is the most notable after that of Dr. Carey. By his self-sacrifice and voluntary poverty he made possible the largest single bequest to foreign missions that has been known in Great Britian. The whole story of the advance of the English Baptist Missionary Society in the last twenty-six years is closely linked up with the Arthington Fund, and it is no small part of the financial embarrassment of the present time that, with the exhaustion of that Fund, the full responsibility of maintaining those vigorous and fruitful enterprises which were started by. that Fund, and have thus far been supported by it, is about to fall upon the Society.

Robert Arthington was born of a Quaker family in Leeds, on the 20th May, 1823. His father, Robert Arthington, gave up his business as a brewer for conscientious reasons, and his mother, Maria Arthington, was a woman of high character and refinement. She had considerable literary gifts and wrote several volumes of poetry. He had no brother, and his sisters left no children. He himself never married. He had the advantage of a good education, first in Leeds, and afterwards at Kendal and Cambridge. He became a deeply religious man, but though he associated a good deal with Baptists and was a liberal contributor to the Baptist Missionary Society, he never became a member of a Baptist Church.

His religious views were held with great strength of conviction. He believed that the Second Advent of our Lord awaited only the fulfilment of the commission to "evangelize" all nations in the literal sense of proclaiming, in a language that could be understood by each tribe in the world, the message of Christ's redeeming work. That thought became a dominant motive with him, and he conceived it as his special purpose in life to devote the large fortune he had inherited, and all that he could add to it by penurious care, to the rapid increase of new missionary enterprises. Among his papers was found after his death, evidently much studied and cherished, this quotation from an impassioned utterance by George King: "Were I in England again, I would gladly live in one room, make the floor my bed, a box my chair, and another my table, rather than that the heathen world should perish for lack of the knowledge of Christ."

* From the Baptist Mi8sionarJj Ma.Qazine. 953

With almost literal exactness Robert Arthington acted for years according to that ideal.

He invested his money under skilled advice and with great care. He reduced his own scale of living to the scantiest limits. Though he continued to occupy his large house in Headingley, he gave up keeping any servant and used but one room, lived as a miserly recluse, did his own cooking at the fire in his dining-room, reduced his meat allowance to one sausage a day, gathered his firewood from under the trees after a storm, wore shabby clothes, and endured the common taunt of being a miser. But he spent his life in poring over maps and books of travel. His liberal education had given him broad mterests, and he gained an expert and detailed knowledge of the geography of non-Christian lands and the conditions of their people.

The achievements of the great explorers of the Victorian Era filled him with enthusiasm, and led him to make offers of large donations to missionary societies to follow up those explorations by evangelistic effort. The Congo Mission of the Baptist Missionary Society may be said to have been in large measure due to the vision and the challenge of Robert Arthington, whose gift of £1,000 made possible the first expedition of Comber and Grenfell. The first mission steamer Peace, which did such service on the Upper Congo, under its famous explorer-evangelist, George Grenfell, was the gift of Mr. Arthington. The first missionaries to the Lushai Hills, Assam, India, .T. Herbert Lorrain and Fred. W. Savidge, were sent out by Mr. Arthington and maintained by him personally. They only joined the Baptist Mission after his death. He also gave considerable sums to the Church Missionary Society, the London Missionary Society and other societies, in some cases anonymously.

He kept no ordinary bank account. His finances were managed for him by his brokers, and until a short time before his death he did not know to how great an m:pount his inheritance had accumulated.

With queer inconsistency he contrived the most petty savings, but whenever he traveled by railway always paid for first-class accommodation, and sometimes even reserved a compartment for the sake of privacy. That he was not without a sense of humor, even if the joke was at his own expense, is illustrated by a story he told of his bargain with a plumber for some urgent repairs in his house when, to reduce the estimated cost of the repairs by 2s. 6d., he undertook to act instead of the boy laborer to assist the workman, a bargain which involved him in much toilsome fetching and carrying, and finally resulted in his having to pay 2s. 6d. for a cab to convey the too heavy load of tools which the workman insisted it was the "boy's" job to carry. He much enjoyed being able to retort upon an old Quaker friend of his father's, who gently chided him upon wearing so shabby a hat in Leeds, where his late father had been so much honored, that the hat in question was actually his father's hat!

ROBERT ARTHINGTON-"A MISER" FOR CHRIST

Among the few people who were admitted through the jealously closed door of his house none were more welcomed and none found it more difficult to withdraw from the eager interested conversation of this strange recluse than those who could tell him from their own experiences in foreign service what he so much desired to know of the possibilities and prospects of world evangelization. One of the early Congo pioneers called to see him on a winter evening and had to sit with his host over a very small fire with but a single candle to light the room. After a few minutes' talk, Mr. Arthington suggesteq that, as they could speak as well in the dark, it would be more economical to put out the candle, which he did. The young Lushai missionaries, freshly home from several years' absence in the wilds, had been so thoughtless as to go to their tailors and get some new clothes for English wear before their interview, and brought upon themselves a mild rebuke for a worldly indulgence in bodily attire which was certainly in marked contrast to that of their missionary supporter.

After he had passed the age of seventy, when his health was much impaired, he was constrained to dispose of his house in Leeds and to go and live in South Devon. There he remained in simple apartments till his death.

The late Dr. G. H. Rouse used to tell with much amusement that while he was on furlough from India, staying in Teignmouth, Mr. Arthington, having heard at the Baptist Church that this Indian missionary was in the neighborhood, sought him out at the apartments in wich he was staying, not, as Dr. Rouse naturally assumed, in order to discuss missionary topics with him, but chiefly to get his advice and help in securing some cheaper lodgings than those in which Mr. Arthington was then staying.

The making of his will gave great concern to him, and to his chosen friends and trustees. It was a long and involved document. After a few legacies, his cousins were to receive one tenth; the Baptist Missionary Society was to receive five tenths, the London Missionary Society four tenths. These large missionary bequests were to be spent wholly on new work in any part of the world, nothing was to be spent on work among Mohammedans, no endowment was to be set up, and the whole fund was to be disbursed within twentyfive years. It was clear that, as it stood, the will could not be satisfactorily administered, and a decision of the High Court had to be invoked. The value of the estate on Mr. Arthington's death was declared at £943,130, but before the Chancery Court proceedings were finished and the finally amended scheme was passed, the value had reached £1,026,746. Under this scheme, after payment of legacies to rela- tives, a Special Trust Fund was set up to be administered by the executors for general missionary and philanthropic purposes in harmony with the intentions of the testator as expressed in his will.

TAl THE EVANGELIST DISHING OUT 'fHE 'PORRIDGE

Selling Porridge and Preaching BY REV. A. J. SMITH, TAIMING-FU CHIHLI, CHINA Missionary of the C,'hurch of the Nazarene, 1920 ACHINESE who was converted less than a year ago, later was baptized and united with the Church. About two months ago oneof our preachers came to me and said, "Do you know that Mr. Tai, whom you baptized, is preaching in the market place every day and is giving out tracts and selling scripture portions ¥"

The evangelist told me that for months Mr. Tai had been witnessing for Jesus at the market, both through testimony and by distributing literature. 1'he man is very poor and sells porridge at the market to make a living. Every morning before sunrise he is at the same place in his little tent which he erects on the busy market street. His business lasts up-til nine 0 'clock, when t.he people have finished breakfast. When Ii man steps up t.o buy a bowl of porridge, Mr. Tai also offers him a tract or endeavors to sell him a gospel portion. While the customers are eating their porridge, he testifies concerning the wonderful love of God and the new experience in his own heart.

When the last customer has left, Mr. Tai disappears, quickly changes his garments, goes back to the tent, puts up his scroll on 956

SELLING PORRIDGE AND PREACHING

which are Bible verses, songs and prayers, places his literature on display and spends the rest of the day endeavoring to interest people in the religion of Jesus Christ.

He keeps a little book in which he records the names of people with whom he has prayed and who have professed to believe in Jesus. Every evening he is at the city chapel helping in the services. He has written several short tracts and has had them printed in the city with his own money, using the new phonetic script.

The following is a literal translation of a little tract he has written.

The Christian Church is truly good. To know the Bible is priceless. Entered China to establish schools, no matter if male or female, oid or young, blind, lame, deaf, dumb, all of these she is able to teach. Since because of sins, evil and old habits, no,v able to change to good as though a new man has been found. 'fhe body now receives happiness, the soul forever ascends to Heaven. There are many benefits, so niany that we cannot name them alL Let us quickly pcrsuade all our brethren. . You must not say, 'I want to believe the Jesus Church, but do not know characters.' Regretting the opportunities that are passed, there is a good method, you can read the Phonetic Script consisting of thirty-nine characters. The great doctrine is true, all are able to know the Bible, songs, diligently pray. You may become a true Christian with a peaceful heart. With the glory and great happiness you stroll in happiness. See for yourself, if to believe in the Lord is good or not.

MR. TAl TEACHING HIS AUDIENCE A CHRISTIAN HYMN. BOOKS AND GOSPEL P ORTIONS HANGING ON THE CHAIN

Rabao-The Little

BY REV. M. T. DYSART, MT. SILINDA, MELSETTER, SOUTH RHODESIA, AFRICA .nA.BEAUTIFUL little baby girl came to gladden the hearts of a father and mother in far-away Madagascar. As it was the first baby the joy was great but only for one short hour. Then the rejoicing changed to despair and a bitter emptiness.

The baby did not die-neither was it stolen. Worse and many times worse! The father had gone to the witch-doctor to find out if it was a good or an evil day.

After putting away the chicken which the father had brought as his pay the witch-doctor brought out his paraphernalia and proceeded to find out the fate of the new-born babe.

After a long time-he shook his head and without looking at his client he said, as he gathered together his seeds and bones and trinkets with which he had read the fate of the little child, "It's an evil day."

"Adray," cried the father. "Adray, a bad day!" And he sat with his face buried in his hands.

After a while he looked up, a little- ray of hope lighting his somber eyes. Hesitatingly he addressed the witch-doctor again. "A very bad day—or-or ~"

The witch-doctor understood. Shaking his head he answered: "A very bad day. Nothing can save it. Not all your fowls-nor even all your cattle. A very bad day."

All hope died in the father's face, but still he sat-on and on and on. How could he go home and tell the happy young mother that her new-born babe must be thrown out to appease the wrath of the spirits 7 She knew as well as he that they dared not keep the child. Some terrible calamity would be sure to befall them if they dared thwart the. spirits , demands. It might be the cattle disease and then he would lose SOme or perhaps all of his cattle. Or all of his fowls might die. Or he or his wife might become sick and perhaps die. Who knows ~ Something would be sure to happen if they kept the baby. No! No! It would never do. So determinedly he set his face towards home, dreading to break the news to the waiting mother.

Reaching the village, where he had built his little reed hut for his bride only a year ago, he did not stop to answer the questions in interrogative glances on the faces of relatives and friends. Ignoring all he headed straight for his own hut. Paying no heed to the crowd at the door he stooped and crept in through the little opening in the wall towards the west.

Sitting down on the ground he looked straight before him, into the smoldering fire on the floor between him and the corner where his 958 wife sat crouching- silently, breathlessly, awaiting the fate of the little one.

One by one the members of the family and near neighbors crept in over the outstretched legs of the first arrivals till the little room was filled. Smoke, darkness, stifling heat and sickening odors- what matted It was all part of the day's living, just as listening to the fate of one or the other of the neighbor's babies likewise was in the day's program.

Minutes passed and not a word was spoken. Then a quiet sob- bing broke the dense stillness. An- other minute and wild, frantic shrieks rent the air, with beating of breasts and ruthless pulling of hair which soon turned gray with ashes from the open fire at the mother's side.

The sympathizers joined in hopeless wailing as their naked black bodies swayed to the rhythm of the mournful chant. " Adray!

Adray! Adray!"

Through it all the father sat motionless and bent with head buried in hands on his knees, and through it all no one paid any heed to the faint cry of the little one whose fate was so soon sealed.

Ages it seemed before the hopeless wailing died away, spent like the breakers on the seashore ALMA AND HER HUSBAND AND CHIJ,D days after a storm. ~~~ab-;i~~ b~~~Tr';d tbo~ W~YS~~~t~ebers:~~~~~ Then a faltering voice broke reared in the MiSSlo~hunr~~. organist III Mission in upon the slow wailing, "Is there no hope ?-a rooster ?-some sheep 1~some cattle?"

"No hope," answered the father without raising his head. "No hope-a very bad day."

"But the White Man says there is no bad day," interrupted one incredulously. "He says that all days are good. That God made all days alike. "

"And they are saying that there are no spirits that claim our little ones," added another. "They are rescuing many these days.

Their houses are full."

"Yes," objected another, "but they don't live. There was Ra- koto's child. It died last week."

"But they say it was too far gone when they dug it up. It had been in the grave two days," explained the first speaker.

"And it was still alive~" questioned the other in astonishment. "The blessings will be many for that father and mother," added he thoughtfully.

, ,Yes, the blessings will be many. They had a good air-hole in the grave, That accounts for its living so long," explained he, "Rafaralahy's child died yesterday," informed another. "I was there when it died, The sores were too many. It couldn't live."

"Sores?" questioned the old grandmother. ""Vhat? Ants?" "Yes," was the answer. "They found,:!t on the ant-mound. The spirits got it just the same. It's no 'use. They can't work against the spirits. They are bound to have theirs." "But Rabary's child is living," ventured another. "Somebody found him on the river-bank before the crocodiles got him. I saw him one day. He is a big, fat, sturdy fellow." "He won't be that for long, now when we won't sell them any more milk, or rice," threatened a big, burly voice. "They can't live on cactus fruit. They'll all have to get out before another moon comes." "But' they won't give in. Madamo (the missionary's wife) is not afraid of anything, nor anybody. Did she give in last week when we surrounded the house to burn it? Not she. Ingahy was not at home. We knew that, and she knew that we knew. But when we lit our torches she came to the door with her ody (medicine, charm) and when she pointed that at us (it happened to be an empty bottle) we all had to run. As long as they have that strong o,dy with them it's no use for us to try to drive them out. You just see now. She'll make us sell them inilk, she will. I know it," and shaking his head ominously the old man crept out on all fours.

Again the room became silent. Then the young mother spoke in faint and trembling tones. " Can't we—won't it be all right to-to take the baby to the mission?" and she clutched the little one vehemently against her throbbing breast.

"No! No! The spirits won't be satisfied," cried the old grandmother. "You heard what the father said, 'a very bad day.' They mean to have it. If they didn't it would have come on a day when we could have kept it by sacrificing. But it didn't. So they are bound to have it. Don't try to be foolish. We'll all die if you do, or-or worse still lose all our cattle. Its time has come. It must go. Here, give it to me," and the withered and hardened old woman rose to her knees and tried to take the child from the sobbing mother.

"Adray! Adray! Adray!" cried the frantic mother tightening her hold on the child. Torn between her love for the baby and her fear of the wrath of the spirits she knew not which way to turn. But her fear of the spirits won the day, and she gave up the child, howbeit, reluctantly, calling in frenzied tones, "Don't bury it alive. Don't put it on the riverbank, nor on the ant-mound. Kill it first.

Kill it. Kill it. Adrayl Adrayl"

RABAO- THE LITTLE OUTCAST

"You know we couldn't do that," said the grandmother. "The spirits don't want a dead offering. Then you would have trouble for sure. No, the longer it suffers the greater will be our blessing. Hush up now and be wise." She crept out of the opening in the wall, the little black body clasped not unkindly in her arm.

Off she trudged to the near-by forest-a hoe in her r ight hand, the infant tied in a cloth on her back.

"Such nonsense- to hold back what belongs to the spirits. 1 never heard of such thing's in my days, And 1'11 not hear of it now. I'd like to see the man or woman who can take this child awav from me. They'll be sorry they' interfered if they try. I '11-I '11-" and the old woman shook her head ominously as she entered the darkness of the forest little realizing that already Life was at her heels and the child in his keeping.

Treading her way in and out among little mounds, or sunken graves, some of recent date, others from time immemorial, she put the child down at the foot of a tree. Having cleared a small space she hastily began to dig her grave, glaneing nervously at the sleeping REGINE-A LITTLE OUTCAST RESCUElD child from time to time as if fear- ON DAY OF HER BIRTH AND REARED IN THE MISSION ing that some unseen power might be lurking near to rob the spirits of their dues.

The hole finished, she uncovered the child and laid it, not ungently, in the little grave, covering it hastily with the fresh, red soil. With an experienced hand she left an opening near the mouth patting the soil down firmly all over the body. Assured that it would not suffocate she gave her job another satisfied look before turning away, muttering as she did so, "1 can do it better every time. That one ought to live for days. Many will be our blessings now. And she-she came very near choosing the curses. Their- their heads will be turned if those white men stay on here with their accursed teachings. I'll see that my children don't come near them. As if I haven't had enough trouble already in my days."

As the old woman took up her hoe and trudged out of the forest she was watched from behind a near-by tree by a pair of eyes which 4.

even in the dark glistened, intense with excitement. Waiting until she was well out of sight and hearing Life crept forward hastily, intent on only one thing-saving at all costs the life of the little new-born child.

He was a strong and robust lad of some two and twenty years with a heart more tender than that of the woman who had deliber- ately committed a crime worse than murder. And from the depths of his kindly heart went forth a prayer for the safety of the little child. '

Assured that the old woman was well out of hearing, in case the child should let out a yell, he dropped to his knees and like a dog began digging with every nerve taut and intense. It did not take long for the little grave was not deep_ Soon the sleeping child was in his arms-carefully wrapped in his own white lamba (drape).

Hesitating.only long enough to send up a prayer of thanksgiving and another for a blessing on the child he laid it gently at his feet while again the grave was filled as before. 'l'hen he picked up his trust and left the forest taking the path leading away from the afore- mentioned village and towards the newly-built white man's town.

Years came and passed bringing life and faith, grace and beauty to our little Rabao. .From one and another she heard the story of her narrow escape from death-the death which at the time of her advent into the world and for centuries before had been the merciless fate of hundreds of thousands of innocent babes.

Tbe same superstitious fear still held many of her people in its vice-like grip, the same custom was still being practiced by a few, put no longer in the open as of yore, for a higher, a more intelligent power had taken control of the island and the old custom of throwing out babes born on so-called "evil days" was slowly but surely being crushed.

For playmates Rabao had many little girls and boys who like herself had been pulled out of the jaws of death by Life or one of his companions. In some way their rescue always reached the ears of their parents, so Rabao, like the rest of them, was visited off and on by her own people.

Fearfully and shyly they approached her while still a toddling child, but Rabao knew them not, for what was there about them more than about the scores of other visitors to attract her or win her affection 1 Later when she was able to appreciate their gifts of bananas, sugar-cane, eggs, wild fruits, etc., something drew her to them. But then she heard the story-the story of their crime, the story of her life.

At first it did not mean much to her. She was safe now, they had no longer any control over her-what was there to fear? But gradually fear did take possession of her. She understood her story now. She understood their tokens of love (1), But was it love? If

1921i] hABAO-THE LI'l'TLE OUTCAST

so, why weren't they content to leave her where she was? What had they to offer her compared with the training she was now getting? vVhat was there in the home village, in the home relationship but a life of ignorance and superstition and sin ~ Rabao no longer met her people in the open. Sometimes she hid when they were seen approaching the station and they had to return after hours of waiting-return without seeing the child whom in secret they called their own.

After some time a scheme worked itself out in Rabao '8 mind. Their coming and going in vain softened the hard feeling which of late had inadvertently loomed so large in an otherwise soft and tender heart. For blood will tell, and blood will have its way e.ven when kinsfolk are ruthlessly torn asunder by circumstances over which neither party has control. So Rabao decided to meet her parents again but only from her vantage ground in a tree-top.

Gifts were temptingly displayed at the foot of the tree. Rabao sent her expressions of thanks down between the branches which separated her and her peo- J~~~~ATEBA~W.k~H3NU~1l~~J6JIEsc'tlJ5LoN. pIe. The meal-bell rang – she heard it not. The school-bell likewise-she still clung to her seat in the fork of the tree till her people had gone.

Years passed and Rabao grew into womanhood-womanhood as the years go in heathen land. One day a letter came to the Matron in charge of the Girls' Home, and with it another. Thoughtfully she opened the letter knowing full well from previous experiences just what to expect. With a mental glance she took in the" grownups" now in her charge, wondering whose turn it was this time.

"Dear Mother and Father," the letter began, "you are my mother and father. You know what is best for your child. I know what I want, but you know better what is good for me. I love Rabao with all my heart and want her for my wife. But you know what is good for her and you know what is good for me. If you think it is all right will you give her the enclosed letter.

I am your child Marka who was thrown out but rescued by God '8 mercy and yours.

The Matron sat still, lost in thought. So it had come to this! What would the parents say~ And yet, what did they have to say? Had they not given up all claim to their child the day they buried it in the forest? Did not all decision rest with the girl herself and with those who had been mother and father to her all these years1 The Matron went to find Rabao and to give her the letter. Later in the day a knock was heard on the door. Rabao entered and handed the letter to the Matron. Opening it slowly she read: Dear Rabao: Man was made to like sweet things. That is why he is always seeking for that which is sweet and when he has found the sweetest of all he is happy.· I have tasted many bitter things in my life and so have you. I have also tasted some sweet things like honey, and sugar-cane, and the songs of the birds in the forest, but now I have found that which is sweetest of all and I want it for my very own. That which is sweetest of all is YOU, Rabao. I love you and want you to be my wife-to be all my own. Do you love me T Can you love me enuf to marry me Y If you do tell the Matron so and tell also the one who will love you unto death.

Says Marka who loves you more than all the sweets in the world.

The Matron looked up from the letter and sought the eyes of the girl who was shyly standing partly hidden behind the door.

"And you, Rabao, what do you say~" questioned the Matron gently. "Do you love him T"

Slowly and shyly came the answer: "Yes, Mother."

"Enough to want to live with him aU the rest of your life ~ For you know that is what the Christians promise when they marry," added the Matron.

Meeting the Matron's eyes Rabao answered simply with a shy nod of her head.

Three years passed. The year following the happy wedding a little daughter came to the new home. For a while it looked as if Marka was to be left alone with his new little treasure. But one day Rabao sat up with the wee little bundle tenderly clasped in her arms. Unbounded joy radiated from her shining eyes as she hugged the little treasure to her bosom saying the while she looked up into Marka's happy face, "Aren't you glad we don't have to throw out our baby like you and I were thrown out the day we were born 1"

"Thanks be to God and the missionaries," replied the happy father.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PmLADELPHIA, P A

THE MISSIONARY APPROACH a Moslem woman once remarked to THROUGH THE WOMEN Mrs. Hawkes after watching Dr. and Mrs. Hawkes together on one of their By ROBERT E. SPEER itinerating trips to the villages and Of especial interest during this year of noting the courtesy and thoughtfulstudy of the Moslem world is the estimate ness of a Christian man toward his placed by Dr. Speer, in the West'minster wife. "Khanim, your Prophet did Teacher, on "the immense influence which well for you Christian women. Our Christian missions are exerting upon the world in the quiet work which they are do- Prophet did not do so well for us. ] ing for the women and girls of the non- Christian lands." shall have words with our Prophet when I meet him in the next world.

The most powerful, although for And I am going to stand by the open many years it may seem to have been gate of hell and watch the men of an indirect,. approach to a nation or Islam march in first."

a religion is through its women. And One day, on the road near Turko· the next generation will reveal, as we manchi, where the treaty of peace was cannot estimate it now, the immense signed between Russia and Persia in influence which Christian missions 1828 which took away from Persia are exerting upon the world in the its territories between the Caucasus quiet work which they are doing for Mountains and the Aras River, we the women and girls of the non·Chris· met a Mohammedan farmer and his tian lands. The Christian ideal of twelve·year-old boy on their way to woman. the redemption and the re- the village. He was a kindly, friend- lease of her immeuse creative energies ly soul, intelligent but simple-minded, for social progress, the enrichment of and he walked along beside the horses life which she is to make when first almost the whole farsakh to Turko- her own life has been enriched hy manchi. It was a nice village, he said; Christ, these things change the face of about five hundred houses. There of every society to which they come. had been seven hundred, but the No society needs them more, or will famine of two years ago, which wiped be more profoundly influenced by out many villages of western Persia, them, than that of Persia. They will had destroyed not less than two hun- revolutionize the villages of Persia, dred households here. As to politics, turning to usefulness forces of wom- he thought the Shah was a good man anhood which now are wasted or trying to help his country. Had he worse than wasted in the deteriora~ not organized an army and sent it to tion which they effect in home and fight against that terrible Kurdish community life. The doorway to the bandit, Ismael Agha, who had turned new Persia through the hearts ana the Urumia plain to a desolation and minds of the village women, now so from whom the ragged, penniless empty of all but deadening, manual refugees were fleeing whom we were toil and the animal activities of life, even then passing upon the highway ~ is wide open to the approach of Chris- Yes, it was a very bad highway, he tian women and the interests and ex- admitted, as the horses struggled pansions and purities which they through the deep mud, very bad in- bring with them. "Your Prophet has deed, to be the one highway between done well for you Christian women," the two most important cities in 965

Persia. But as soon as Ismael Agha would they rather live in homes was repressed, America was coming where there was only one wife? to build roads for Persia. .As to religion, yes, he prayed and his son. "Oh, if women were left to them- For what T For the peace and pros- selves, said he, "a man would have perity of the country, for happiness only one wife, but then they have no and for health. There were four choice in the matter." mosques and five mullahs in Turkomanchi, and oh yes, they were good Why shouldn't they have a choice, we asked, and, more than that, if it men. was right for a man to have a number ,,Was there polygamy in Turko- of wives, why was it not right for a woman, if she desired, to have a nummanchi, and how many wives did ber of husbands, and beat them, too, Islam allow 1" "Five or ten," he if it were necessary. "No," said he, replied, "or forty or fifty, as many as "that would be the end of society. "

a man might want, but our village is We were drawing near the village, a poor village, and no one has many and we made bold to ask him whether he loved his wife. "Khanim," said wives there." he to Miss Lamme, who was inter- But on further testing, he hedged preting, "those who tell lies are not the friends of God." in his numbers, and he did not know what the Koran had to say. But no I asked him as we parted whether one could have all these wives at he had ever heard of a queen of Persia once; only five at one time, perhaps, or a queen of Turkey, two of the and the oth'ers in succession. Was most ruined and wretched nations on divorce so easy as this, we inquired, earth; whether he had ever reflected and were these rights and obligations on the fact that the head of the greatmutualY est nation in the world, during the nineteenth century, for more than " Yes and .no," said he. "A man fifty years had been a woman, and can divorce his wife when he will, but that there was no hope for his counnot a wife her husband; and a man try or for any other country that kept can beat his wife, if necessary, but no its women in the position which falls to them and to which they fall under wife may beat her husband." Islam. And when they rise, as thev Well, how many men were accus- will rise. what will they do with Islam T Let those who have a word tomed to beat their wives in Turko- for this religion be adequately mindmanchi T "Oh," he said, "there were ful of its most exposed and effective several good women whom it was pathway of approach, never necessary to beat." LETTING THE PICTURE SPEAK "How many wives beat their husbands T" we inquired. Were there By HARRY S. 1i(yERS not many men in Turkomanchi who deserved a good beating, and was 3fr. Myers is in charge of the Visualiza· there any adequate reason why if the tion Department of the Boafd of Promotion husband might beat his wife, when it of the Baptist Chu,·"h. He has had large was necessary, a wife should not also, expel'ience in the use of pictures in mission· when it was necessary, beat her hus- ary edulJation. band' He looked up in amused astonishment at this. "That would never Pictures offer varied possibilities in do," said he. missionary educatio,n. They may be used in many different ways and, Did Mohammedanism forbid lies T whatever the method employed, thc The religion said nothing on this sub- results are usually much more farject, he replied, but on second thought reaching than those obtained through he modified this. Liars were regarded pictureless presentations. No one as bad men in his village, and certain- should think, however, that the use of ly God did not approve of lies. How many wives had he ~ Only one, he answered. Did the women of Islam prefer polygamy, we asked him, or

BEST METHODS

a picture or a series of pictures re- I heard one senior say to another, quires no preparation. A ready "That's the best sermon I've heard speaker was called on recently to give this year." Anyone who sat with the a stereopticon lecture on short notice. scores of students who thronged the Gaining confidence as he proceeded church and noted the impression he was discoursing eloquently on the made on them by the film could beauties of a scene in the lovely Blue realize what the senior meant. Ridge mountains in North Carolina. His eloquence was greeted by sudden An Easel Lecture and amazing laughter. In confusion he turned first to the audience and Some of the Boards offer now for then to the screen. It happened that rent splendid large pictures of misone labeled slide had found its way sion stations, missionarie§l and scenes into the case. As he read, "Scene in and objects of special interest. An Mountains of Alabama," he under- easel may be provided and the picstood the merriment of his audience. tures displayed effectively to com- Later he was conscious of the un- paratively small groups. spoken questionings regarding the accuracy of his information concerning A Testimony the succeeding unlabeled slides. "The use of the stereopticon lec- In order to be effective a speaker tures has increased the attendance at must present the pictures of artists our services, greatly advanced the inplus his own' knowledge and apprecia- terest in missions, and doubled the tion of them. contributions." – A PENNSYLVANIA Planning a Series PASTOR.

A pastor in Long Island has BEWARE OF CHRISTIANITY planned fifteen consecutive Friday DE LUXE afternoon stereopticon lectures for the children of his church, beginning Mrs. Taul B. White, of the Southin January and continuing until ern Baptist Church, suggests a poster Easter. He has arranged to receive which may be adapted by other leadthe slides in time to give several ers: hours of careful preparation before he presents them. Beware of Christianity De Luxe Following the SerUlon Southern Baptists gave for 1925: On a recent Sunday evening, a $7.00 per capita for their own local churches Syracuse pastor pronounced the bene- $2.75 per capita for Missions and Benevodiction, following his sermon on the rich young ruler. After the benedic- lences tion the church was in darkness for a .17 2·3 per capita for Home Missions moment. Then there appeared on a .39 per capita for Foreign Missions screen which had been let down behind the preacher Hoffmann's pic- COLLATERAL GROUP READING ture of the rich young ruler. A mission study class reports suc- Moving Pictures cess in the use of the following 'plan for collateral reading in connection The First Congregational Church, with the six chapters of a mission Ann Arbor, Michigan, directly across study book. The class was divided the Rtreet from the main campus of into six groups of five or six members the University, has for several years each with a leader appointed for each presented Sunday evening meRsages group. through moving pictures. As I W!lS coming out of the church one night A typewritten copy of the reference in the midst of a crowd of students, books on each chapter, with the pages or entire chapters chosen for collat- eral reading indicated, was given to each leader. The collateral reading for Chapter One was taken first by Group Leader No.1, who distributed

it to her group. At the following copie~. of the gospels and other literaclass session, time was given to each ture. member of this group to report succinctly some interesting item gleaned Out of the cooperation in this misfrom the reading. sion booth has grown a permanent missionary federation. The books were passed on to the leader of Group No. 2 with suggestions for reading on the second chapter and so on to the end of the course.

MISSION BOOTH AT A COUNTY FAIR A decade ago mission booths at county fairs were unknown. Now they have a recognized place. Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, was pioneer in this field of missionary education.

Several years ago, a group of inter- ested missionary women faced the fair officials with a proposition for a missionary booth. Their proposition received scant attention, but they leased space and went to work. To the amazement of the officials, the booth which they set up attracted uni- versal attention and was surrounded by crowds of people. The next year, the proposition for the mission booth received interested attention. By the PLAY AND PEACE third year, its value was evident and space was given without charge. When the children of the world play together the men and women ot tho world will soon learn Each yea.r furloughed missionaries to work together for world fellowship and world help to tell the people of their own peace. Undisturbed . by denominational or in. county of the achievements and needs ternational differences the children of Rocky Ridge community in Maryland are learning to pJay together in the community grove main- lained by cooperating churches.

of the world-wide missionary enter- HECKLING THE MISSIONARY prise. They make the booth attrac- tive with pictures and objects illus- A British exchange emphasizes the trative of the life and customs of the value of the challenged message, and people with whom they work. This suggests to speakers and chairmen year three trophies of the hunt at- that questions from the audience be tracted attention-a leopard and an invited. People whose interest has other skin from Africa and a deer been aroused will ask for more infor- skin from India. Centered in the wall mation. This was the belief and is exhibit was a large copy of the pic- now the experience of the Missionary ture "TIle Hope of the World." On Committee at Allen Street, Kensingone side stood the flag of the United ton.

States and on the other the Christian " Our deputation," writes the cor- flag. Above all was the banner, "God respondent, "was Mr. Shoran Singha, hath made of one blood all nations of the Indian Y. M. C. A., and we for to dwell on the earth." were sure that the man no less than The tables carried a full display of bis message would appeal to our the materials of missionary education. people. As an experiment, we ar- About 8,000 packets of leatiets from ranged a social gathering to follow denominational boards and interde- the evening service_ All the church nominationa] agencies were distrib- officers were individually asked to be uted. There were many calls for present and help, and the meeting

was advertised as well as possible. two red ones similarly numbererl. A We provided light refreshments, ask- committee at the door gave the blue ed the choir to contribute a musical cards to the ladies and the red ones item, and arranged for a chairman, to the gentlemen as they came in, thus who, after a time of informal talk, foUl' were assigned to each table. If went with Mr. Singha to the platform more ladies are present than gentle- and invited questions. Some of us men, then give some ladies red cards had half feared that at this point the to balance up. If more are present audience would become tongue-tied! than can be accommodated with four That fear was groundless, and finally, at a table, make the number five or our chairman, out of consideration six. At the stage in the meeting when for our guest, had to say 'No more.' the views are to be used, have those We would commend to other mission- present go to the table to which they ary committees this way of bringing have been assigned. On each table is together deputation and congrega- one scope and five views. A certain tion. " number of minutes (say five) is given STEREOGRAPHS AND STEREO- to view the scenes at each table, A SCOPES bell is then sounded and those hold- ing blue cards advance to the next Dr. F. C. Stephenson, of the United higher numbered table and those Church of Canada, believes in the holding red cards to the next lower missionary . possibilities of stereo- numbered table. After they get half graphs and stereoscopes. His Board way round, this arrangement would rents sets of seventy-three colored cause some ladies and gentlemen to stereographs for $1.00. Address Dr. meet again, so at this stage we have F. C. Stephenson, 299 Queen St., W., for one change those holding blue Toronto, Canada, for further infor- cards move and those holding red mation. Similar sets may also be cards remain at the same table a sec- available at other board headquarters. ond period. Then proceed as before The Missionary Outlook suggests until all have seen all and every lady the following plans: has met every gentleman. This scheme "Stereograph pictures have all was my own device, which worked their old charm for young and old. well here and we are going to follow The life-like appearance of the sub- it again. If small tables are not avail- ject seen through the 'scope' makes able, long ones may be used,"

one almost feel as if he were looking SUOOESSORS TO CURIO BOXES at the real object. They may be used to advantage in Sunday-school classes, Has our spirit of world friendship boys' and girls' clubs or for an in- passed the stage of the curio box?

formal evening. Shall we continue to use the phrase- "The following is the method suc- ology and the methods which teach cessfully used in one league: children to regard people and cus- "We first decide how many tables toms of other lands as queer and we require. If we have one hundred curious? Would "World Friendship views, say twenty tables. These we Boxes" be more desirable' Could arrange in the lecture room in order, we place in these boxes objects show- with a conspicuous number on each ing the skill and attainments of from one to twenty. We then make people of other lands-drawings, em- some estimate of the probable attend- broideries, carvings, pictures, letters ance so as to divide them equally for from boys and girls of one land to the tables. There should be four, those of another land ? Would the five, or six at each table. We had inclusion of such objects make pos- four at each table, two ladies and two sible the more effective use of the pic- gentlemen. We first made out two tures and objects showing the work blue cards for each table, with the donI' by the missionary and reasons number of the table on each, and also for the missionary enterprise?

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FED- Pamily of Natians.-Sunday after- ERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS noon, from 2 : 3D to 5 : 30 the program OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF will be in charge of a Joint Commit- NORTH AMERICA, tee of young people, representing the Atlantic City, January 8 to 11, 1927 Federation and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America. The 'l'he Pamily of Nations in the King- topics to be considered arc-" The dom of Ood will he the theme of Contribution of Youth to the World the Annual Meeting of the Federa- Task, " followed by discussion, "TIle tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America which Challenge of Youth," and a closing will be held in Haddon Hall, Atlantic period of quiet worship. City, January 8 to 11, 1927. A Survey of the Needs of the Fam- ily of Nations.-At 8: 00 o'clock Sun- Meetings af the Executive Commit- day night. This will be a wonderful tee.-The Executive Committee will hour when competent leaders will bring us face to face with the needs meet on Saturday at 10 A. M. and 2 and opportunities of the waiting na- P. M. in Haddon Hall. Do not forget the hour. It will be necessary for tions. Our Responsibility to the Family the members of the Executive Committee to arrive either Friday night of N ations.-Presented by the Presior else early Saturday morning. We dent, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, in her want a full attendance when the ses- Annual Address, reviewing the acsions open. tivities of the year in relation to the An Evening with the Missionaries. large issues considered in the Find- -At 7: 30 P. M. there will be held ings of last year, such as: an evening with the missionaries a. The Next Step in the Industrial Situa- tion. which was so much enjoyed last year. The program for this delightful so- b. Effects on International Relationships, cial evening is in the hands of Mrs. Dangers, Limitations and Opportuni- Thomas Nicholson, President of the ties.

c. World Peace, World Citizenship.

Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Monday morning, from 9 to 12: 30.

of the MethodiEt Episcopal Church, A United Force.-Federation of and Mrs. Samuel Thorne, of the Epis- the Christian Women of the W orId, copal National Executive Board of World's Day of Prayer-followed by the Woman's Auxiliary. Come pre- discussion. Monday afternoon from pared to have a wonderful time with 2: 00 P. M. to 5: 00 P. M.

these great self-sacrificing ambassa- Christ the Only Solution of Warld dors of our King. Problems.-Recommendations of the Retreat-" Only as new tides of Findings Committee and closing messpiritual life begin to flow within the sage on "United Power," Monday Church can the waiting tasks be ful- night at 8: 00 o'clock.

filled."-As last year this will be a Each session will be closed by a service of Worship, Silence, Exami- Worship Period.

nation, Confession and Re-consecra- Executive Committee Meeting_- tion as a preparation for the work Tuesday morning from 10 to 12 :30.

committed to our care. This will be l'uesday Afternoon.-A joint ses- held Sunday morning from 10 to sian of the F'ederation of Woman's 12: 30. Boards of Foreign Missions of North The Con.trib1dion of Youth to the America and the Foreign Missions 970 Conference. The program for this need for Christians to get together session will be prepared by the Home face to face to talk over the present Base Committees of the two organiza- situation. tions. Topic under discussion will be, "The Missionary Task Today, SOME OF THE CONTRASTS Abroad and at the Home Base." (1) A small group, entirely unau- NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE thorized by any organization, initiated plans for the Edinburgh Conference, CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR whereas the Council at Jerusalem will be an enlarged meeting of the The Second National Conference on International Missionary Council, of tllis important subject which is such 52 or 53 nations. a burning issue throughout the whole world today will be held in the Hall (2) The number of delegates to the of Nations, Hotel Washington, Wash- Jerusalem Conference is limited to ington, D. C., December 5th to 10th. 200 and it is definitely requested that Will your Board make an urgent ef- among those sent there be not a few fort to secure the presence of repre- who are under 35 years of age. sentatives who are responsible for the development of World Peace, whether (3) At Edinburgh there were State or National, and urge them to not more than ten or twelve Oriental attend this most important Confer- delegates; at .Jerusalem the Oriental ence. churches will have as large delega- tions and come to confer on an Make your reservations at once, equality with those from the sending sending the applications to Miss Ella countries, as many as from the West. D. MacLaurin, 25 Madison Avenue, New York. We want at least one WAYS TO HELP hundred missionary women, who, of all other groups, are most influential (1) "Resolve to enter afresh into and potential in securing the reign an experience of sustaining and vicof the Prince of Peace. torious prayer-cooperate in every way possible in extending the fellow- REPORT OF DR. MOTT OONCERN- ship of prayer."

ING THE RATTVIK MEETING OF (2) Help find the right persons to go from the American churches and THE INTERNATIONAL MIS- plan to give those selected time to prepare. SIONARY COUNCIL (3) Be ready to share in the ex- Dr. Mott began his statement with pense of the Conference. emphasis on the need of "new tides of spiritual life within the Church" The International Review of Missions, and mentioned the practice at the October number, has a report of the Rattvik Rattvik meeting of the individual meeting. The REVIEW will continne to premembers beginning the day with a sent the plans for the J eruflalem Conference. half hour spent alone in quiet recollection of the presence of God and A WORLD FELLOWSHIP OF then a half hour of corporate worship. The result was evident in the INTERCESSION meetings. Friday, March 4, 1927, is an- In speaking of the Council meet- nounced as the Day of Prayer for ing to be held in Jerusalem in March, Missions. For years women of 1928, Dr. Mott contrasted the present America have observed the first Frisituation with that preceding the day in Lent as a day of prayer. In Edinburgh Conference, and showed 1927, the observance will be world that the "stupendous changes" in wide. In the response to the call isthe world in general and within the sued by the Council of Women for Church itself have created a real Home Missions and the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- sions, letters have been received from,

Great Britain, Europe, China, Japan, grants, Women's Union Christian India, Korea, and other lands reveal- Colleges in the Orient and Chris- ing the longing of the hearts of the tian Literature for Women and women of the world for A WORLD'S Children in Mission Fields. To these DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS. three objects suggested for gifts in It is hoped that in tens of thou- 1926 there is added a fourth object sands of cities and communities in for 19m-Religious Work Directors America, women of all denominations in Government Indian Boarding and all races will meet for prayer on Schools.

March 4th. A special program, As the announcement of the Day of "Pray Ye Therefore," has been pre- Prayer for Missions goes forth, thou- pared. The price will be announced sands of women give answer, "Let next month. Orders should be sent us pray."

at an early date to denominational Board Headquarters. TO BE USED IN THE STUDY OF A call to prayer is printed in a MOSLEM BOOKS separate leaflet whieh contains also a You will find these facts of thrill- Cycle of Prayer. It is hoped that ing interest as well as another evi- dence of the triumph of our Christ hundreds of thousands of women will in the Near East as well as in other follow this cycle of prayer for weeks lands. in advanee lJ,nd that daily prayer with the women of the world will become a fixed habit. Copies of the Call to Three years ago, the people of Prayer should be ordered for distri- Turkey were expecting mission bution immediately. Supply may be schools to withdraw, and expressed procured, free, from denominational surprise that they should desire to Board Headquarters. remain.

Reports of the observance of the Day of Prayer in 1926 have been re- Two years ago, Turks in generous ceived from 48 states and from Can- numbers began to attend mission ada. From many small towns came schools, hoped that these schools such messages as "For the first time, would not be closed by the Turkish women of all denominations met to Government, and discovered in them pray together. We hope that every that development of character which year now we may continue to observe every parent covets for his children. the day together." Many letters tell of the fact that much time was spent One year ago, pupils flocked to in real prayer. Letters from pastors comment on the spiritual value of the mission schools by the hundreds; observance of the day and of the inspiration brought to their churches. and the majority in most schools From one woman in a small town in the middle west came the message, came to be Turks. They offer as fine "The Day of Prayer service was 0 b- young material to development into a worthy Turkish citizenship liS could be desired. .

served in my own home. I enclose the Now, not only are government ofoffering of 40 cents to be divided be- ficials in large numbers endeavoring tween the home and foreign objects." to get their children into these Ameri- From about 650 cities and com- can schools, but the Government itmunities contributions made on the self is asking for room in the schools Day of Prayer were sent to the office for pupils of special merit for whom of the Council and the Federation for it desires the education offered by work among Farm and Cannery Mi- these institutions.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK COOPERATION IN WORK AMONG What I bring to you is simply one SPANISH-AMERICANS fact clearly evident to any and all who know the Mexicans. They lack By CHARLES A. THOMSON religious education. They have en- joyed a mystical, almost magical re- Executive Secretary, Interdenominational ligion-a religion which has afforded Council on Spanish·Speaking Work much emotional satisfaction. But they have not had a religion which Address delivered at Annual Meeting 01' Home is clear to the mind and compelling Missions Council and Council of Women for for the morals-a religion which Home Missions. Of especial interest in view of makes for character in this life, as El Paso Conference to be held December l1th- well as for complete felicity in the 16th. next. I come to you from the Spanish- As one social worker in San speaking people of the Southwest. If I am informed correctly, there are as Francisco testified, her hair a crown many of them as there are Jews in of sHver after twenty-five years of New York. If newspaper headlines service with the Associated Charities, should blare that the United States herself a Catholic, "All social work has annexed the entire northern tier of states in'the Mexican Republic, we among these people which lacks a: might be surprised. Of course Uncle Sam will not take such a step, thank spiritual basis, is wasted. What they God. Yet we now have within our need is to have the Ten Commandborders a Spanish-speaking popula- ments built into their life." Because tion almost equal in numbers to all of this lack of real religious educathe persons living in the Mexican tion, because multitudes of Mexicans, states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coa- though they call themselves Catholics, huila, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon and are no more good Catholics or real the territory of Lower California. Christians in their actual living than America is a completely Christian na- Much has been told of the importance of Oriental immigration. Yet we have in the country today, Dr. tion, because our Protestant churches Hinman tells me, 70,000 Chinese and can contribute to this religious edu- 115,000 Japanese, a total of less than cation, we have missions to the Mexi- 200,000. With 1,500,000 Mexicans cans. and Spanish-Americans our problem The following denominations are at is seven times more vast. In dealing work among Spanish-speaking peo- with this group we are touching not ple in the Southwest: Northern only the most important social prob- Baptist, Congregational, Disciples, lem of the great Southwe~t, but also Free Methodist, Methodist Episcopal, one of the outstanding foreign-born Methodist Episcopal, South, Presbyproblems of the whole country. With terian, U. S., Presbyterian, U. S. A., and United Brethren. These churches the extensive movement north and are at work at 300 different points, in east of the Mexican laborer, this man an area 1,500 miles long and from from next door may soon be living 500 to 700 miles wide. If we should next door to many of us. superimpose this area on eastern United States, these churches would But why missions to the Mexicans ~ be scattered from New York west- With their crying social and economic ward to 100 miles beyond Omaha, Neneeds, we all believe in social work braska. for this group. But why religious Such is the extent of the problem; work Y Are they not all Roman Cath- such is the vast reach of the field. In olics? Is this group not already Christianized?

973

74 TIlE MISSlONXRY REVIEW OJ!' 'rIi:E WORLD

the field there are Protestant centers operation in Latin America, that a at 300 different points; 15,000 faith- large conference on Spanish-speaking ful Christians are members of the work in the United States be held in Protestant churches, a good .group in 1926, at which should be represented themselves, yet only a beginning, as not only the religious agencies, but is evident. also outstanding educators, sociolo- What can be done, humanly speak- gists, publicists and social leaders of ing, to coordinate the endeavors of the Southwest and also of the East.

this army, scattered as it is among The purpose of this conference would ,ts 300 outposts 1 In the past the only be to develop and focus a more in- agency has been a congress of board formed and alert public opinion on representatives, superintendents and the Spanish-speaking people of the missionaries, the Interdenominational Southwest. The preparatory studies Council on Spanish-Speaking Work, would be made by adequately repre- which met annually. For two or sentative commissions.

three days those in attendance In connection with the El Paso thought cooperatively and then each meeting, a very definite outline for went back to work in his own yard, the founding of a union Junior Col- .and got so interested he forgot about lege and training school for the de- the town hall and the school house velopment of trained religious and which they were to build together. social leaders, was worked out. That What was 'everybody's business was is now in the hands of a competent nobody's business. committee.

Last year the Council resolved on And what else could be done? For an experiment; it chose an executive a long time, there has frequently secretary, who, aside fr(lm his other been expressed a fervent desire for a duties, was to devote part time to union Evangelical paper in SpaniEh.

play the double rOle of a goat and a Why ~ Picture the condition of one gad-fly, a gad-fly to pester the several of our Mexican pastors-Pedro Gar- denominational leaders throughout cia, let us call him. There he is in the year in the faith that continuous some small town of the Southwest, irritation might lead to something ac- with his little group of 30, 60, or 100 complished; and a goat to bear the Mexicans. Religious prejudice partly blame, in case nothing was done. cuts him and his group off from the But now what could be done to tie rest of the local Mexican colony. Too tcgether our splendid evangelical often race prejudice cuts him off projects? Or better, what really from his American neighoors. He needed to be done 1 feels alone; he looks at the indiffer- The first need was for more facts. ence and hostility which oppose him, Nobody knew too much. So there has and in contrast with their strength been gathered material for a direc- and numbers, he feels weak and in- tory on Spanish-speaking work in the significant. Once or twice a year, United States, which will list all 'perhaps, his superintendent visits points occupied by Protestant work, him, bringing encouragement and in- with an estimate of the Mexican spiration. But in between times, he population at each point. It will con- is very much alone and lonely; per- tain also the names and addresses of haps he whistles to keep up his cour- all churches, schools, social centers, age.

etc., and of all superintendents, pas- But now, what if there comes to tors, teachers and social workers. him every month a Christian paper in Another move after facts was the his own language, which tells him approval by the El Paso meeting of that on Thanksgiving Day in Los our Spanish-Speaking Council, held Angeles, the Mexican churches held a December 8-10, 1925, of the sugges- union service with 1,000 persons in tion made by the Committee on Co- attendance; or that there is in San

WOiIAN'S HOME JllISSLON BULLE'fIN 97

Antonio a Southern Methodist Mexi- writes (I translate from the Spancan church which is not only 8e1£- ish): "~With regard to the Bulletin, I supporting, but which also supports a want to say that I approve it with all Bible reader in Korea; or that a my heart and that I believe our lack Mexican congregation is growing so is that we do not believe with all our rapidly that the American church heart in cooperation and the unity of which has given them shelter, has interests. I believe that our fault lies voluntarily granted them the large in the heart, not the mind, since men- auditorium, and the Americans have tally almost all of us approve the uni- their service in the Sunday-school fication of interests in the work, but room? With a monthly dose of good when we come to actual practice, we cheer and good news and good meth- fail there in a manner miserable and ods, he no longer feels alone. He unchristian. Would. that the day knows that he is the captain of one may scon come when we shall be able company in a great army which, un- not only to reason about Christian der its matchless Leader, is ever union, but also to practice it, and for going forward. And with that assur- that reason I approve the task of the ance his company, too, begins to go Bulletin. "

forward. Let me say that one page in each At the command of the executive monthly edition of the Bulletin will committee of our Spani~h-Speaking be in English, for the benefit of cur Council, three trial issues of a small English-speaking friends; and we bulletin were published in 1925, the hope to increase the size of the Engthird number of which was a printed lish section, as our Spanish-speaking eight-page paper. This was so en- people come to a knowledge of the thusiastically received by the Mexi- language of this country. Further, it can pastors and superintendents that should be said that we will carefully action was taken at our EI Paso direct the policy of the paper so that meeting. On instructions from the it shall not infringe on the function Budget Committee, we began our already performed by the few exist- SUbscription campaign after Christ- ing denominational papers. mas. In the three weeks succeeding, The 30,000 Protestant Christians of almost 1,000 SUbscriptions eame in the Republic of Mexico have their and before the year is out we shall weekly union paper. We believe that have 3,000.* Let me quote from but the 15,000 Protestant Mexicans on this side of the border deserve at two of the letters received. least a union monthly. We are glad The president of the Mexican Sun- in .the realization of this project, in day School Association cf Southern whlCh together we can do what no one California, which includes delegates . of us can afford to do alone. from 150 churches and missions, writes: "Hallelujah! hallelu.iah! hal- HIS GIFT AND MINE lelujah! We have spoken with a good many of the ministers about Nuestro By EDI'rH B. GURLEY Boletin Evangelico and more than Over agaiJlst the treasury, finding them enthusiastically and He sits Who gave Himself for me. gratefully getting subscriptions, they He sees the copper~ that I give all seem to be very sure that many Who gave His life that I might live. more people will subscribe after the He sees the silver I withhold first one or two issues; because per- Who left for me His throne of gold, haps by then they shall have come to Who found a manger for His bed, the glorious realization that their Who had nowhere to lay His head, long-cherished dream has come true. " He sees the gold I clasp so tight, And I am debtor in His sight. A pastor from San Antonio, Texas, '" Annual subscription, 25 cents. -Christian Missionary.

fROM MANY

GENERAL tober, to make arrangements for rais- World's Week of Prayer ing $200,000 to defray the expenses FOR the eightieth consecutive year, of the conference, Bishop Brent said; the World's Evangelical Alliance As the Stockholm conference discussed practical problems, the Conference on has issued its invitation for the an- Faith and Order will discuss matters of benual Universal Week of Prayer, Jief and theory. It will, however, make a which in 1927 will be held from Sun- distinction between controversy and con· day, January 2nd, to Saturday, Jan- ference. It will simply attempt to get uary 8th, inclusive. The daily topics otller people's views, not to argue them or deny them.

suggested are: Monday, Thanksgiving and Humiliation; Tuesday, The Governments and Alcoholism T Universal Church-" the Church of HE eighteenth International Con- gress Against Alcoholism held at God, which He hath purchased with His own blood"; Wednesday, Na- Dorpat, Esthonia, in July, brought tions and· Governments; Thursday, together over 400 delegates from Missions; Friday, Our Young Peo- nearly thirty countries. For the first pIe; Saturday, The Jews and the time in its history the Congress took Home Base. Among the texts sug- definite action recommending the lo- gested for sermons and addresses on cal option policy of dealing with the the opening Sunday are the follow- liquor problem. Prior to this, the ing; findings of the Congress had been , 'A glorious throne, set on high from the chiefly concerned with the effects of beginning, is the place of our sanctuary" alcohol upon society in its several (Jer. 17: 12); "The fear of the Lord is phases; now the Congress has dethy treasure" (Isa. 33: 6); "Be of good clared that the time has come for cheer" (Mat. 9: 2; 14: 27; Acts 23: 11) ; governments to deal definitely with "Behold I have set before thee an open the evil. The Congress also adopted door, and no man can shut it" (Rev. 3: 8).

a resolution endorsing the action of Lansanne World Conference the Geneva Conference Against Alco- FOLLOWING the great World holism in September, 1925, which Conference on Life and Work, called upon the League of Nations to held last year in Stockholm, there will give as serious attention to the liquor meet in Lausanne, Switzerland, from' smuggling problem as to the opium August 3-21, 1927, a similar "Con- problem, especially in relation to naference on Faith and Order." It is tive races.

expected that eighty-two denominations in thirty countries will be rep- World Union of Liberal Jews resented. The subjects for discussion AREiCENT conference of liberal finally decided upon include " The Jews held in Lonlion, decided Call to Unity," "The Church '8 Mes- upon the creation of a World Union sage to the World-the Gospel," for Progressive Judaism for the fur- "The Nature of the Church," "The therance of Liberalism and the en- Church's Common Confession of couragement of the formation of Faith," "The Church's Ministry," progressive Jewish religious organi- "The Sacraments," "The Unity of zations in the communities of the Christendom, " and "The Place of different countries. Cooperation is Different Churches Within." At a urged for the study of Judaism and meeting held in New York City in Oc- its adaptation and application to 976 modern life. The new World Union can hide the truth that the bearers will publish a periodical review, and of the cross, unable to evangelize the biennial and triennial international Moslems by moral or intellectual conferences are planned. The term forces, sought to divert their atten- progressive is to cover Reformed and tion from and to obscure their keen Liberal wings. "What effect this new love for their religion, by creating activity will have upon orthodox among them with the help of subtle Judaism in this country," comments diplomacy, material needs of press- Missions, "remains to be seen." ing and harassing natures. In this Christians to Confer on Jews way the fanatical Christians of Eu- rope have been able, no doubt, to T WO important conferences to sur- make that cord of passionate reli- vey the whole Jewish world from gious sympathy which 6'0 marvellously the Christian standpoint are being. binds together the Moslems all over planned to take place at Budapest the worICf, a little slack for the time and Warsaw at Easter, 1927. These being. But the universal distrust gatherings will be under the auspices that has arisen in the Moslem mind of the Conference of British Mission- as an inevitable consequence, is also ary Societies and of the International a fit penalty and no amount of as- Missionary Council, whose chairman, sumed innocence on the part of the Dr. John R. Mott, will preside. In Church, can any longer deceive these addition to the arrangements com- experienced dupes." mittee in England there will be cor- responding members in other coun- Lepers under British Rule tries. Over a hundred delegates are expected to be present at each confer- T HE world-wide work of the Misence. Two centers have been chosen, sion to Lepers, with headquaras conditions among the Jewish pop~­ ters in London, and its associate in lation of Hungary are very different the United States, the American Misfrom those of Poland. Among the sion to Lepers, is generally known. questions for discussion will be the There is another organization, the duty of the Christian Church in the British Empire Leprosy Relief Assoface of a world anti-Semitic move- coation, a recent report of which ment; a Hebrew Christian Church; states; "Our objec~ is to initiate and the changing attitude of Jews to new work for helping lepers, as well as to assist, advise, and coordinate Jesus, as illustrated by such recent the work of all existing agencies for books as Dr. Joseph Klausner's relieving the lepers, for which pur- poses we are cooperating closely with "Jesus of Nazareth." The latest data the governments of India and of our is being collected for the forthcoming colonies, as well as with The Mission conferences on facts and figures re- to Lepers and other mISSIonary garding the Jewish populations in bodies, without in any way interfer- ing with or overlapping their work." various parts of the world, evidences Dr. Thomas Cochrane, formerly of of anti-Semitism, etc., by means of an exhaustive questionnaire.

The Moslem Comments on Christians China, is a member of the executive AN EDITORIAL in the Islamic committee. The statement that there World, published in Lahore, In- are 300,000 lepers in the British Emdia, advises the Chinese to accept Is- pire, only 30,000 of whom are being lam rather than Christianity" at this cared for, gives point to the conclud- turning point of the political history ing sentence in the report: .. As only of their country," and goes on to a small percentage of the lepers in say: "The simple Moslem peoples of British territories are yet receiving the East have grown wise enough to the benefits of the improved treat- detect the tactics of Christian mis- ment, we are much behind our Ameri- sionaries. No amount of sophistry can cousins in this respect."

5

NORTH AMERICA New York City. Dr. Jaxheimer said ;Jews in the United States that in 1920 there were 3,755,810 bap- T HERE are over 4,000,000 Jews in tized Lutherans in America, but 19,- America-the largest Jewish pop- 454,457 Lutheran adherents, which ulation of any country in the world. left 15,698,647 so-called Lutherans, or 81 per cent, "lost to the Church." One of the unique conditions of "Lutheranism here in the East has Jewish life in America is the wide been able to hold about 20 per cent distribution of the people. The vast of its members," said Dr. Jaxheimer. majority do not live in ghettos, but in American residential neighbor- "We have between 400,000 and 500,- hoods. They are found in every city, 000 ungathered Lutherans in the in many towns and villages, and in great metropolis. Over 60,000,000 of the open country. Many churches in our population is unchurched and cities and towns have Jewish neigh- over 70,000 children of school age in bors and some of these churches have this city receive no religious educademonstrated the possibility of ef- tion. "

fective service to a Jewish community through sympathetic and intelli- Oongregationalist Reorganization A gent ministry. Hebrews who have CELEBRATION marking the full participation of the 560,000 become Protestant Christians and have entered the Christian ministry women members {)f Congregational are three times more numerous than churches in the United States on an those from all other non-Christian equal basis with the men in the pro- faiths. motion and administration of home New McAuley Mission mission work, was held at Broadway Tabernacle, New York, in October. AMODERN four-story building, to The National Congregational Wom- cost $100,000 is to be erected in an's Home Missionary Federation, New York City, adjoining the Jerry now a part of the home boards, and McAuley Mission at 316 Water the commissions of the National Street. A Campaign Advisory Com- Council, formerly exclusively men, mittee to take charge of obtaining will be henceforth at least one third the necessary funds is headed by women. A similar merger in the for- Chauncey M. Depew, Honorary eign missionary work of the Congre- Chairman, and R. Fulton Cutting, gational Church will go into effect on Treasurer of the mission. The new January 1, 1927. These mergers are building is to be used for a men's part of a general denominational re- dormitory and for general social serv- organization voted at the meeting of ice work. Mr. John Markle, a coal the National Council, held in Wash- merchant who has been investigating ington, D. C., October, 1925, whereby the results of the MacAuley Mission thirteen separate national missionary work, has given $60,000 toward the societies or boards are being merged new building and $40,000 for an en- into a single foreign board and a dowment fund. unified group of four homeland boards.

Millions of Unchurched Lutherans E T IGHTY-ONE per cent of th{)se in Women'. Interracial Oonference the United States who have been HE Interracial Conference of born Lutherans have been lost to the Church Women, held at Eagles Lutheran Church, the Rev. Dr. Ed- Mere, Pa., on September 21st and win R. J axheimer, Secretary and 22nd, was noteworthy because of its Treasurer of the Eastern Conference bringing together both white and of the Lutheran Synod of New York colored leaders to study the possibili- and New England, declared at a re- ties of larger cooperation. The con- cent meeting of this Conference in ference had further significance be-

1!l26j NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

cause of its nation-wide scope, both Mexican Church and WOJDen the South and the North being well represented on the program and MISS REBECCA J. PARKER, of among the delegates. It was held the American Friends Mission under the auspices of the Commis- in Mexico, reports: " We hear very sion Qn the Church and Race Rela- little of any religious strife in Tations of the Federal Council of maulipas. It is mostly Catholic Churches, the Council of Women for women who are missing the oppor- Home Missions, and the National tunity to attend mass. The great Board of the Y. W. C. A. Delegates majority of the men are indifferent or from church groups of many denomi- frankly opposed to the Catholic nations and organizations were in at- priests. The money collected in fees tendance, and topics bearing on in- before abandoning their churches was terracial conditions and their interest enormous. The civil marriage cerefor women's groups active in local mony is the only one recognized by communities were discussed in open law and the cost is slight, and in some forum. The primary object of the states is free. But the church does gathering had been announced as "to not recognize the civil ceremony as enlarge the scope of interracial think- valid and discourages their members ing and to enlist the women of the from complying with it, at the same churches in, a more active way in time refusing to lower their fees for plans and programs for the improve- the poorer classes, with the result ment of relations between white and that many simply dispense with any colored groups in America." ceremony at all. The Government has seen to it that the churches remain LATIN AMERICA open in charge of a citizens' commit- tee, so that the people may go and The Bible in the West Indies worship, even if there is no priest to say mass and hear confessions. Our ASPECIAL effort has been made in own services and those of all other the West Indies to find out what Protestant churches have continued the upper classes think of the Bible, without interruption or molestation." and to let them know the work the American Bible Society is doing Chilean Tithers among the Latin-American people. To attain this end, the Secretary REV. JESSEi S. SMITH, American visited Masonic lodges, educational Presbyterian missionary in Sancenters, commercial and recreational tiago, Chile, tells of a small group of clubs and political organizations. believers, who, he says, "about four More than half of the lodges secured years ago organized themselves into Bibles for their temples, and two what they called the First National thirds of them agreed that the dis- Evangelical Church. There were tribution of the Bible strengthened only about a dozen of them in the the feeling of liberty in Spanish first place, but they kept faithfully America. The majority of the teach- together. Some of them had been eners in more than half of the educa- thusiastic over the idea of a National tional centers admitted the usefulness Chilean Evangelical Church and they of the Bible; while a few stated they thought that this was the way to start considered it very harmful to what it. There were several choice spirits they called the "true emancipation of among them and one of the princiconscience." Of thirty-two commer- ples they laid down was that each cial and sport clubs, seventeen bought member should be a tither, so they all Bibles for their libraries, and their gave to the work with open hand and members thought it desirable that the heart. In this way they were able Bibles should be circulated and to begin the purchase of a piece of taught. ground on the installment plan and even to begin a building of which

TH:E1 MISSIONARY R:E1VIEw OF TItE WO:RLD [:Deeember

they have three sides enclosed with been most gratifying. The" Serrano" cement walls. . . . They now wish their property to be registered under has proved himself capable of a very the Union Evangelica (the corporate manly, simple Christian faith; and name of the Presbyterian Mission in the invariable results of the knowl- Chile), and ask that we undertake the edge of God's Word and of faith in direction of the work that they have Christ as the only Saviour are eviundertaken to do alone for so long a dent in the personal character and time." cha·nged social condition of the peo- ple.

Bolivia's Need of the Gospel EUROPE NDER the auspices of the Cana- Scotch Ohurch and Local Option U dian Baptist missionaries Rev. T H. Strachan, accompanied by Juan HOSE who remember the early days of the prohibition movement Vareto, a famous Argentinian Baptist in the United States see history repreacher, has been conducting an peating itself when the Record of the evangelistic campaign throughout all United Free Church of Scotland dethe large centers of population in votes its leading editorial in October Bolivia. The Latin American Evan- to the forthcoming vote on local opgelist says of the need for such work: tion, which it calls "the most impor- "There are almost insurmountable tant matter before the Church." It material obstacles in Bolivia militat- quotes with approval the advice of ing tremendously against the progress Professor Robertson, of Aberdeen, of the Gospel, not the least of them that people "should vote as they being a caste system which is almost pray," and says: "The Church and as rigid and exclusive as that in In- the li<J.uor interest stand resolutely dia ….. Who can say which cla~s has opposing each other. In financial the greater soul need-the Indians, resource, in the art of appeal to selfthe degraded Cholo class, or the indulgence and prejudice, and in the proud whites ~" power conferred by vested interest, the liquor trade is infinitely the Itinerating in Sou"thern Brazil stronger; the Church relies on spirit- T HE missionary archdeacon of the ual passion, on moral persuasion, the Protestant Episcopal Church in appeal to conscience, to unselfishness, this part of Brazil, Rev. Americo V. and self-sacrifice."

Cabral, travels over a wide tract of Evangelicals Persecuted in Spain country on horseback. It is a pas- WHILE Roman Catholics are aptoral region, rather sparsely settled, pealing for relief from disabilispoken of as the "Serra." He finds a population largely composed of the ties they are supposed to suffer in oldest settlers in the country, very England, Evangelical Christendom simple in their customs and manner reports "knowledge of grol;'s intolof life, much neglected religiously erance of Protestantism in Spain, and so very ready to hear the Gospel. leading to persecution and punish- He has established little groups all ment even for the singing of hymns through this section, which meet reg- in Protestant homes, and for preach- ularly for Bible reading and study, ing the Gospel or distributing leaflets according to a well-ordered plan and of a purely religious character. In under the leadership either of a cate- one place a splendid new mission hall chist or a teacher. At regular inter- cannot be opened, and altogether the vals· he goes over the field, visiting situation in Spain gives rise to deep each little congregation, catechising concern. In a letter to The Times the children, testing the progress of the Rev. T. J. Pulvertaft states: the adults, and giving special direc- 'Speakers have been forbidden to tions to his helpers. The results have mention the Bible, or in any way to

~EWS FROM MANY LANDS

criticize the Roman Church in their Under the new ideal of nationalism addresses. The papers have deleted and its first realization, they are layall references to evangelical work in ing deep and firm foundations for a Spain, and even the speech of the future type of society, in their vig- Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo eulo- orous little republics, that shall be gizing American religious liberty has free from alcoholic drink. With exbeen suppressed. The authorities, in traordinary cooperation on the part reply to a protest, openly state they of the organized student bodies of the are determined to curtail evangelical universities and technical schools of propaganda.' We must wait upon Esthonia and the other new states of events in Spain, but those who know that section, the International Stubest the conditions are most anxious dent Anti-Alcohol Conference was concerning the future of even limited held at Tartu, Esthonia, the last week religious liberty." of July. Tartu is one of the oldest universities of the world, founded in. Protestants in Czeeho-Slovakia 1632. It was reorganized and mod- ernized in 1918, and has now an en- THE past summer, according to the rolment of 5,000-American Frirmd. London Christian, "has marked an epoch in the history of the Czech- Swedish Baptist Missions brethren Evangelical Church of Czechoslovakia. That church, perse- THOUGH the first Baptist church cuted and crushed three centuries ago, in Sweden was organized as rehas of late risen to new life. With cently as 1848, there are now in for- 150,000 accessions from Roman Cath- eign lands one hundred missionaries olic ranks, a large percentage of directly representing Swedish Bapwhom .are of the peasant and the la- tists, in addition to others who, Bapboring class, it became imperative to tists in conviction, are associated with enlarge the scope of the work to a interdenominational societies in the scale unthought of heretofore. work abroad. There are also twelve Stormed as she was from all corners missionaries in various parts of Eurby appeals for the erection of places ope–'Finland, Russia, Esthonia and of wQrship and more workers, the Spain-and two in Siberia, who are Church laid out her program, not ac- supported, in whole or in part, by cording to her own ability, but ac- the Swedish churches. Direct miscording to God's ability, and pur- sionary work abroad was instituted in chased from the Government 600 acres 1891, when Charles Vingren was desof ground and buildings capable of ignated for China. In the following housing about 1,500 persons. Thus year the missionary impulse set apart the plan of uniting all the agencies of E. V. Sjoblom for Congo. But berelief-represented in the homes, hos- fore that missionary contributions pitals, orphanages, summer camps, were made quite early in Swedish etc.-has been consummated, and the Baptist history, some gifts being sent property (including the main building, with a capacity of 500 inmates), to the Basel Mission and some to the was dedicated." American Baptist Union. "Looking Student Ideals in Baltic States back today over little longer than one generation," says the English Bap- DEEPLY suggestive of the new tist Missionary Herald, "the churches conditions among the young can rejoice in the signal success of Baltic republics, carved out of the their adventures overseas." old Russian Empire during the revolution, is that the students in the AFRICA universities of those countries are taking a positive stand against drink Evangelism in Nile Villages and the drink traditions of the past. ALITTLE group of Egyptian Christians have since 1921 been

carrying on evangelistic work in the 1916 among a pagan tribe in Nigeria, villages along the Nile. Blessed Be who were cannibals when they went Egypt quotes the following from a to them. Mr. Hall writes of some of report by one of them: "In one vil- the converts: "The Gospel has lage we had two or three meetings in wrought wonders in the lives of these the streets, and there was strong op- men, transforming them from crea- position. They cursed us and .cnrsed tures of the lowest moral standard Christ. Never before have we heard into splendid workers for the cause of Christ's name so blasphemed. They Christ. Perhaps their prayers best threatened to kill us if we did not go illustrate the depth of their spiritual away. Even the guards of the village experience. One man prayed in pub- were bitter in their opposition to us. lie: '0 God, Thou knowest how at the But we were able, in spite of all, to first approach of the white man, we give the message in full, and every feared to go near him. But as he drew now and then there would be a few us to him by his kindness, we dared minutes of quiet, and then the rage and loved to sit at his feet and go on of Satan would break forth again. his errands. So as to Thee, 0 God.

We left the village with the whole When we knew Thee not, we dared population following us; so we know not approach Thee, but as Thou hast all heard the GospeL" drawn us by manifold kindness, it has become our greatest joy to sit at Thy Psalms Set to African MUllie feet, hear Thy Word, and run on MRS. D. S. OYLER, of the United Thy behests.' " Presbyterian Mission in the Sudan writes: "This week the strong- Winning Nigerian Moslems est worker we have, who, by the way, REV. H. G. D. MILLER, the first is one of our washboys, came in with Hausa to be ordained to the a smiling face, and asked me to try to ministry, writes of the preaching out goic (literally 'strike ') a new 'song of doors and in certain houses as among the most important work at of God.' He said that his insides knew one which he thought would be Zaria, northern Nigeria. He says: popular. We worked together Mon- "A~ I watch the audience in both day afternoon and set the 92nd services and how they listen to the Psalm to the melody which he sang Gospel, I am confident that the Cross over and over again. This afternoon mllst win the day. Whatever we may he and I sang it to the men who came think of the difficulty of the work for the meeting, and they made only among the Moslems, the Gospel is one small change in wording, which, however, did not change the meaning. gaining ground in their hearts as we They were enthusiastic, and said it never imagine. The mockers and would 'walk.' The new song has two those who put difficulties in our way verses, and they almost learned it this of preaching the Gospel have now afternoon. It is really wonderful ceased to do so; the stone-throwers how quickly they commit a new Psalm have also ceased and have acknowlto memory. This past year it has edged that Christianity is far the betbeen a rare privilege to teach the ter religion, and that they are only holding to Mohammedanism because Christians seventeen new Psalms, and this one will make the eighteenth. it is an inheritance from their fore- These songs are sung from Dan to fathers. . . . Imagine every Sunday Beersheba in the Shulla country." in the city of Zaria ten to fourteen Christians standing in a suitable Prayers of Former Cannibals place in the market, and by the time the reading of the Gospel is ended, REV. J. S. HALL and another rep- 300 to 400 stand ronnd the circle. resentative of the Sudan Inter- Then one by one the arranged speak- ior Mission have been at work since ers step in and tell the people of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 98.3

Jesus and His love. The service gen- standing corn yet to be harvested erally closes with a witness by a gives promise of a good yield. It was younger Christian." hard to keep back the applicants for the tailoring class, and no one missed Industrial Exhibit in UglUlda a day. Another year we hope to in- crease our equipment in order to give ARCHDEACON MATHERS, in an more attention to this trade. Scores article on industrial education in of trousers, coats, shirts, etc., were Uganda quoted in The Southern made following the preliminary in- W orkma.n, describes the successful struction in hand work. The fact of training carried on in the boarding having a most excellent instructor schools, but says the matter is much made the teaching very effective. more difficult in the village schools. Likewise in the carpentry shop it was The annual exhibition is an event of exhilarating to see the enthusiasm great interest and is the incentive to and interest manifested." many efforts by the day schools. Two days before it is to be held the "The Real Book of the Tribe" schools begin bringing in their exhibits; on arrival each school re- T HIS is the place of the New Testaceives its complement of marks, not ment, says Rev. W. Millman, of only for the actual exhibits but also the English Baptist Missionary Sofor its work in agriculture and any ciety, among the people at Yakusu, building the pupils have done with on the upper Congo, who were cannitheir own hands. Each district has bals when he went to them twenty its own place allotted to it and there years ago. He says; "For some time the teachers arrange their exhibits it has been our rule that applicants quite creditably. Over three hundred for baptism must first buy a New 8cho.ols were represented this year. Testament and know how to read it After the opening ceremony, which and be prepared to be examined on included speeches by the Bishop and the gospel story. Now our edition has the Provincial Commissioner, the all been sold out, and we are waiting Europeans, of whom about thirty for a new one. To many of our peowere present, went around and ple the Testament is a daily companbought whatever they fancied. Then ion. At present it is the one real a drum was beaten and immediately book of the tribe. Men take it with the natives, to the number of about them on their journeys and women six thousand, swarmed in to make on their visits to their relatives. . . . their purchases, quickly buying up Thank God for that. For the future everything that was left. holds great temptation and trial for them, the land is slowly and surely African Boys Learn Trades slipping into the great commercial machine of the white races." F ROM Angola, West Africa, Dr. W. C. Bell reports on the indus- A Kuru:man Evangelistic Campaign trial work at Bailundo: "Our station is a hive of industry. We only SEVERAL African Christians in wish there were more time to be given Kuruman, British Bechuanaland, to the various activities, and a larger have been engaging in earnest evanforce to direct them. The boys were gelistic work. Rev. Mr. Jennings, of divided into groups covering field the London Missionary Society, work, cleaning, repairs, carpentry, writes of a campaign which they retailoring, etc., rotating every four cently carried on alone in a market weeks. This gave opportunity for town seventy miles from Kuruman: most everyone to try his hand at most "From every point of view it was a everything. From a field close at glorious success. The people evanhand, bought for $1.50, the boys gelized were those who had been cut raised 45 tins of nice beans, and the off from any organized Christian in-

fluence for many years, and a new lief orphanage center, where more generation had grown up in condi- than 9,000 children are under the tions far worse than their parents. supervision and care of twenty-three Each party had wonderful stories to American directors, teachers, doctors, tell of the success of their appeals to nurses, etc. The buildings, formerly the people for personal surrender to Russian army barracks, were so dam- Jesus as their Lord and Saviour, and aged by the earthquake they have had it was obvious that they themselves to be abandoned, at least temporarily, had undoubtedly benefited by their and the children and American workefforts on behalf of others. All to- ers are sleeping out of doors, as are gether the campaign added over two the people of the many destroyed vilhundred converts to the catechumen- lages in the district. Some 400 peoate." ple are reported killed as a result of the earthquakes but none of the Near A Malagasy Christian Paper East Relief workers or their wards were injured. T HE sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the monthly maga- The Armenian Government Relief zine, Teny Boa (Good Words), pub- Commission is endeavoring to meet lished by the London Missionary So- the situation, and help is received ciety in Madagascar has recently been from outside, yet the disaster is so celebrated. H. A. Ridgewell writes great that help from other sources is of the paper: "For the first five urgently needed. years only Europeans wrote its articles; today it has a European and After a survey of the devasted disa native editor, and most of its ar- trict (where 100,000 are reported ticles are written or translated by homeless), the American relief worknatives. The first issues gave a very ers cabled to Near East Relief an urliberal and assorted fare, including gent appeal for: articles on The Steam Engine, J erusalem, Astronomy, The Seasons, etc. 1. One hundred and twenty-:five thousand Today we are under tribute to Drs. dollars for sheltering, feeding and clothing Fosdick, Morrison, David Smith, and 1,800 village children, ages two to twelve many others whose names are house- years, November through June, either using hold names in England. We re- present orphanage centers or establishing peatedly translate their articles in housing units in various villages. addition to printing native articles on a wide range of subjects. A section 2. Fifty thousand dollars' worth old is devoted to world events, where the clothes actual distribution villagers' chilachievements of science and the do- dren. ings of the League of Nations find a place. We strive to save the Malag- 3. Fifty thousand dollars to continue asy from insularity. We issue well handling hospitalization and medical needs over 4,000 each month, and as each of . Leninakan district, which work has copy has at least two or more readers, fallen upon Near East Relief because the one computes that something like 10,- government medical building destroyed. 000 of our native Christians scan its pages regularly every month." 4. Twenty-five thousand dollars 1 worth blankets distribution villages' townspeople. THE NEAR EAST 5. Fifty thousand dollars additional for Earthquake in Armenia various individual or special needs through the winter months. T HE city of Leninakan (formerly Alexandropol, with 40,000 inhab- Armenian Bibles Wearing Ont itants), which was the center of the destructive earthquake in Armenia THE American Bible Society relast month, is the great Near East Re- ports that, owing to governmental restrictions against the importation of Scriptures, the Armenians have been unable to secure any new Bibles for more than five years. The pres- ent supply is almost exhausted. An attempt to send Bibles from the out- side would only "result in a bonfire," declares the Society's correspondent. The American Bible Society has tried

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

repeatedly to send Scriptures to these Scriptures in this land? Over 20,- Christian people, but in each case the 000 portions are sold every year.

attempt has been defeated by the Why is it that when I called on a strong opposition of the Government. mullah recently he produced a Bible The Soviet Government has recently from under the cushion on which he given permission to have the Bible was reading ~ Why does the driver printed and circulated in Russia in of a post wagon, when I asked to have the Russian language, but this per- prayer every morning before starting mission does not benefit the people the journey, produce from his satchel who know only Armenian. The So- a portion of the Scriptures? Why ciety has been the only source of sup- does a sayyid come and confess his ply for Scriptures in the modern Ar- faith to me in private, and say that menian language, as it owns the it is because he has hundreds of rela- plates from which these Scriptures tives among the Ulema that he cannot are printed at the American Press, confess it publicly ~ Why can we, Beirut, Syria. with hardly any effort, get 1,000 Mos- lems to come to hear the preaching of Scottish Seminary for Palestine the Gospel on Christmas Day or Good AN ARTICLE in a Boston news- Friday? Why do Persian men sit .t.. paper, quoted by the Presbyte- with tears running down their faces rian Magazine, states that the Church as they hear the story of the Cross?"

of Scotland and the United Free Church have joined to establish in INDIA AND SIAM "IN Jerusalem a Presbyterian theological Race Lines Breaking Down seminary, and have formally invited THESE days of communal Presbyterian and Reformed churches riots it is interesting to see how of the United States to share in the the differences almost cease to exist advantage, at least to such extent as inside our compound," writes Mrs.

there may be accommodations. It is Evan Rees, an English Congregation- understood that at least one Ameri- alist missionary in Calcutta. "Sev- can Presbyterian body has accepted eral Bible lessons, stories like the the invitation. Generations ago the Good Samaritan, gave an opportunity Scots established seminaries in Paris in Sunday school and morning and Rome because they realized their prayers to speak of Christ '8 attitude own country to be too small to afford and teaching on racial and religious adequate experience and training for distinctions. The other day our their ministers. Years ago they Hindu durwan, who was much afraid closed these institutions, however, and of Moslems in the mass during the had sought to establish a seminary in riots, brought in an old Moslem to the Palestine, but were prevented by the office to ask for a loan, as his house Turks. Now under a British mandate had fallen down during the floods the way is open to them. last week. The other evening at our prayers there knelt side by side, God's Word at Work in Persia John, the son of our cook-a so-called THERE is a remarkable movement Christian-the son of our Hindu going on at Isfahan, in the Persia durwan, the little Moslem boy above Mission of the Church Missionary So- mentioned, and a fourth-a Hindu I ciety today. The Bishop in Persia believe. "

says that it is only a "movement" at present-a mere ripple on the sur- Gandhi's Views on Sacred Books face as compared with the mass move- jNSWERING an inquiry from a ments in other countries-but that he f t correspondent as to why he reads cannot remain blind to its signifi- the Bible and not the Gita to the cance. He asks: "What means the students in the Gujerat National sale of thousands of portions of College, Gandhi replied, as quoted in

The Christian Patriot: "I must give "rhese English ladies render suc.'h preference to that which the boys service for me and such as me. Why lawfully want, over what I or others should not I serve my brother?' " may desire. When they invited me to give them an hour per week, I gave Hospital an Example of Service them the choice between reading the Gita, Tulsidas's Ramayana and an- THE missionary hospital in India swering questions. By a majority of has an unique value,says Albert votes the students decided to have the E. Moore, M.D., English Baptist mis- New Testament and questions and an- sionary in Palwal, North India: "The swers. They have every right to read days of blasphemy, scorn and sneers the Bible or to have it read to them. are largely over, and India is awaken- I hold that it is the duty of every ing to the supreme beauty of Christ cultured man or woman to read and all He signifies. There is a wonsympathetically Scriptures other derful growth of the spirit of service than our own. For myself, I regard which is manifested in the highest my study of and reverence for the degree in a mission hospital. The peo- Bible, the Koran and other Scriptures ple stand around and watch loathto be wholly consistent with my claim some sores being dressed, p_ariah and to be a staunch Sanatani Hindu. Brahmin receiving equal attention; The charge of being a Christian is not they watch minor operations being new. There is nothing in the world performed, and the consequent relief that would keep me from professing of pain; they hear no demand for Christianity or any other faith, the money, and they hear the reason for moment I felt the truth of and the it all in the evangelist's address. A need for it. Let me own this, that, if striking corroboration of this aspect I could call myself, say a Christian of medical missions is given in a letor Mohammedan, with my own in- ter from the Chief Magistrate of the terpretation of the Bible or the District, who wrote to me: 'India is Koran, I should not hesitate to call now beginning to wake up, and now is myself either, for then the Hindu, the time when clean, self-sacrificing, Christian or Moslem would be syn- unselfish work like that of your Misonymous terms." sion can be of infinite value in setting a standard for the people.' "

B~ahmin Serves …. Outcaste Children Found in Wolf's Den T HE home for lepers in Dichpalli, BISHOP PAKENHAM WALSH, Central India, originated, says of Bishop's College in Calcutta, Rev. G. M. Kerr, "in the heart of relates that about the end of August, a devout Hindu who is still one of while visiting Rev. J al Singh '8 orits best helpers. He came to us, phanage at Midnapur Mr. Singh reyears ago, saying, 'What Krishna counted how he discovered the "wolf cannot do, Christ can,' and besought girls. " Ina distant part of his disus to build a shelter for these pitiable trict not long before the villagers sufferers …. The inmates catch the pointed out to him a path they spirit of the place. One day, to our avoided because it was haunted by utter amazement, we found one of demons. Investigation revealed a them, a Brahmin of high family. a wolf den in which there were several cultured university man, scrubbing wolf cubs and two girls, about two the back of a Madiga, a leather work- and eight years of age, both exceeder, the worst of the outcastes. Our ingly fierce, running on all fours, utsurprise at seeing one of India '8 tering guttural barks and living like demi-gods engaged in such menial wolves. The supposition was that service was countered by his feeling they were abandoned as babies by almost of resentment. 'Why need their mother or mothers and were YOU be surprised, sid' he said. found and adopted by the she-wolf.

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

With much difficulty, the children him to my tent, and after business were rescued but the younger died matters were finished, the constable soon afterward. The elder child sur- began asking questions about the na- vived and is now at the orphanage. ture of our work, our relation to the Government, etc., and soon he became Hi:wlu Anti-Christian Society much interested in the gospel mes- REV. A. L. WILEY, of Ratnagiri, sage. " India, reports: "There is an organized effort all over India, to fight Faithful to "Yesu: Swami"

I Christianity. An organization, called N HYDERABAD, one of the most the Maha Sabha (Great Society), has progressive native states in India, been called into existence, with one English Wesleyans have a successful main object of taking back into caste, mission. A recent report tells of Christians, Mohammedans and others seventy-five outcastes who had been who have left Hinduism. Ratnagiri baptized, and subsequently had suf· is a chief center of this organization. fered severe persecution by the caste· In May one of the young men whom people of the village, but had stood we baptized and received :into the firm for their new faith. The head- Church last Christmas was publicly man had tried to boycott them; they taken back into Hinduism, at a meet- could obtain no salt or oil from the ing of the Maha Sabha. He was village shop; they could not find em- given a position with a good salary. ployment; their cattle were left tied He never began his work and has re- up, not being allowed to graze on the quested us to take him back into the village lands. Day after day the Church. But there is the brighter headman said to them, "Deny your side. Several of our Christians have Yesu Swami, pour filth on His name been approached with offers of as you swear by the sacred rice to money, if they would return to Hin- leave Him for ever, and I will see to duism, but have stood firm." your homes, your work and your com- fort; refuse, and you shall have no Indian Constable a "Seeker" lot in this village, or in any of the Jt"rss CARRIE A. CLARK, who surrounding villages." But their faith was greater than the headman '8 .1 has been a member of the Pun- patience. He found that he could jab Mission of the American Presby- not move these new Christians from terian Church since 1895, writes in the Way, and gave in as graciously a recent letter: "Everywhere we go as he. could. we find eager seekers after the truth, especially among the higher castes and Mohammedans. This, to me, is CHINA AND TIBET the most encouraging feature of the Electric Light for Lhasa T work, and a great change from what HOUGH missionaries have been endeavoring for many years with we used to see years ago. Sometimes, where we least expect it, there the almost no success to carry the light of Word of God finds lodgment. A the Gospel into Tibet a wireless dis· short time ago we had difficulty about patch to the New York Times, dated getting water in a certain village, October 21st, announced that the pal.

and appealed to the chief magistrate ace of the Grand Lama of Tibet in of that district. He sent a constable Lhasa, the" Forbidden City," is now out to see that the head man of the illuminated by electric lights. Across village attended to this duty in sup- the Indian frontier Tibetan muleteers plying our needs. He called to ask have brought the news that R. D.

if we had been served by the water- Ringang, a young Tibetan engineer carrier, and if there was any way in and a Rugby graduate, has reached which he could help us further. Lhasa with electrical equipment, and Later, the Indian preacher came with with the assistance of the "evil one"

has succeeded in creating lights have an opportunity to secure a uni- which outshine the sun and moon. versity education that those who do Ringang some months ago was re- feel a social obligation to use it, while ported assassinated and his machin- absence of the servant problem in ery destroyed while he was returning China tends to simplify the managing to Lhasa after stUdying the electrical of a home and a job at the same works at Chelmsford with the manu- time. Careers are limited to teach- facturers. The latter said they had ing, on the whole, though some women hot heard from him, but expressed are entering journalism, a few wish confidence that he had been able to to study law and a limited number overcome his obstacles. who have sufficient means for long training are studying medicine. The The Name of Jesus in Tibet Canton Women's Medical College T HE Scripture Gift Mission in has mare students than it can take London recently received this care of and there are endless possiletter from a missionary in West bilities for women doctors in China China: ' 'Our evangelist and I werp, because of the traditional seclusion on a trip along the Tibetan border, of woman. Public health nursing is holding meetings at different villages in its infancy and nursing is being which we passed through, when one recognized as a profession for women. evening a man came to us asking us The School for Nurses, run in connecto tell him ·about the only true God. tion with the Canton Woman's Hos- We told him the old, old story, and pital and Medical School, is always he was so touched at the wonderful filled to capacity."

love of God that he stayed with us until nearly midnight asking ques- Peking Workmen Evangelists O tions. We gave him some of your NE method by which American missionaries in Peking are try- Scripture portions, with which he was very pleased, and regarded them as ing, as one of them puts it, "to build great treasure. As he went away he an economic foundation under the was repeating over and over again Church," is an iron and plumbing 'Ie-su! Ie-su! Ie-su.' He had never shop in connection with the boys'

heard the name of Jesus before, and school. Recently this shop elected a did not want to forget it. In the committee of four men to teach and morning, before it was light, he came preach to workmen for a month and again, asking us if he was saying to get work started which all the Jesus rightly. There are hundreds of Christians in this shop would con- people as eager for the Gospel as this tinue in the spare time, at nights and man is among the Lisu tribes, and if on Sundays, when it was once going.

we could only get leaflets for them, it Rev. John D. Hayes took charge of would not mean that only one man this work and under his direction a would believe, but that village after Chinese engineer led the band into village would destroy their idols, be- various shops in the city, preaching, lieve on the Lord, and become very teaching the Bible, distributing tracts earnest Christians." and Bible pictures and texts, teaching the thousand characters, giving talks Careerll for Chinese Women on sanitation and the like. It is hoped AHIGHER proportion of educated that in time at least four of the women in China take up careers Christian shop men may be kept in after marriage than in the United educational and evangelistic work States in the opinion of Miss Mildred among the other shops.

K. Magers, dean of women at Lingnan University (formerly Canton "Friendship Village" in Shanghai Christian College). She says: "Such lLOYD BALDERSTON, under the a small percentage of Chinese women J…J auspices of the American Friends

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Service Committee, recently spent influence. It has now five buildings several months in China. In going and in the past two years has gradu- through the congested section of ated seventy students who have gone the city of Shanghai he was de- to all parts of China, well trained in pressed by the scenes of privation a practical knowledge of the Bible, as and misery that were so evident. Re- the Word of God. In one town membering . the Friendship Village where there was a school with a which had been erected by Friends in strong anti-Christian feeling, a grad- Tokyo following the Japanese earth- uate for two weeks conducted meet- quake and tire, the project of a more ings which completely transformed permanent village of that nature in the spirit of the school and out of Shanghai appealed to him strongly i one hundred and seventy students, a village that would serve as an ob- all but seventeen confessed Christ.

ject lesson and an inspiration to the Other graduates of the Nanking Chinese people. In order to carry School go out to hold meetings, teach out the plan, which has been heartily Bible classes, visit homes, conduct approved by the Friends Committee, children's services and distribute the an association of representative na- Scriptures.

tive and foreign business men has An additional dormitory is greatly been formed under the direction of needed for the school. It is suggested the Shanghai Y. M. C. A. About an that daughters make gifts to put up acre of ground is being secured in the building in memory of their the heart of Pootung, one of the Christian mothers.

growing industrial districts of greater Shanghai. A "Christian Fundamentals" Mission Students Open Bible Schools ANEW mission, by this name has been established with Rev. Wal- I N SPITE of all the anti-Christian ter Scott Elliot, of Kuling, China, as agitation in China last year the General Director, Dr. Roland V. Christian work at Soochow Academy, Bingham, of Toronto, as Canadian conducted by the Protestant Episcopal Church, has gone on in some re- Representative and Dr. David J. spects more strongly than in a nor- Burrell, of New York, as Advisor. mal year. Seventeen students were Mr. Elliott writes that the aim of this confirmed and sixteen baptized. mission is to unite, not to divide, Groups of students used part of the Christian workers. The basis of summer holiday by opening ten sum- unity is belief in the integrity of the mer vacation Bible schools in the va- Scriptures and in the deity of Christ. rious cities from which they came. In The mission plans to distribute Chris- tian tracts in China. Mr. and Mrs. order to raise money to meet the ex- Elliot were formerly in Chungwe, penses of these vacation schools about Kansu, connected with the First two-thirds of the student body went Brethren Church Mission of Long on chuh-soo diet, that is, gave up all Beach, California, and previous to meat, during all of the last month in that were in Changsha, Hunan, as school; and put the sum obtained, agents of the American Bible Society. The American Secretary of the Misabout $50.00, into the summer school sion is Dr. A. R. Covert, 204 W. funds. The Spirit of Missions re- Ocean Boulevard, Long Beach, Caliports that 150 students applied for fornia. entrance for the new academic year, with only 60 vacancies available. JAPAN.KOREA Nanking Bible TrainiJlg School Japanese Students Abroad THIS Evangelical Bible School was THE: Japanese Students Christian established about ten years ago Association in the United States and has been growing in size and in publishes a bulletin, which in October

gave the following information: "Of of strong churches a hundred years the two thousand or more students hence.~ who have been sent abroad by the The Yoshiwara in Politics Ministry of Education during the T past fifty years, 375 are still away. HE efforts to combat licensed prostitution carried on by various Of the latter number, 73 have been specializing in engineering, 59 in Christian forces in Japan have conmedical science, 41 in physical sci- tributed to make the question a politience, 79 in literature, 32 in econom- cal issue between the Conservative ics, 42 in agriculture, 40 in juris- Party of Premier Wakatsuki and his prudence, and 9 in other subjects. former supporters, the "The True In all there have been 19 women stu- Friends Party." "The publicists of dents sent abroad, the custom of the these embattled partisans, " says Ministry of Education being to send Time, "in their effort to cast blame about 150 instructors and students of for the Yoshiwara of Tokyo upon government universities and col- their opponents, have stirred the leges each year. For that purpose Japanese press to investigate the seat the Ministry has appropriated 1,656,- of responsibility for such places 000 yen during the year ending throughout the Empire. Dispatches March 31, 1926. Germany has the reported last week that so many largest number of these students with statesmen of both the government 89, while England has 49, France 48, party and the opposition have been America 35, Switzerland 9, Austria found to hold a direct financial in- 5, China 4, Italy and Belgium 2 each, terest not only in geisha-houses but and Holland, Sweden, and Denmark in resorts of the lowest type that the 8 each. The remainder are on their whole issue seems likely to be dropped by both sides as too inflammable. Diway back to Japan." rector of the Police Matsumura OI The Church in Rural Japan Tokyo, interviewed, said: 'Of course the Yoshiwara will be closed some· BISHOP NAIDE, of Osaka, one of time or other, sooner or later.' " the two first Japanese bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church, is A Funeral Brings the Gospel T eager to take np the problem of rural HE following story of a Japanese naval officer who became an earwork in his diocese. He says that he wants to send itinerant workers from nest Christian through the influenee village to village, to those who have of some Ameriean missionaries while returned home after being baptized he was stationed in the Caroline Is- elsewhere "and who have no Chris- lands, is told in The Christian Mis- tian friends nor any opportunity of sionary, published in Dayton, Ohio: receiving the Holy Communion. "Recently he and his family were Moreover, in order to discover Chris- visiting at his childhood home among tians who have been lost sight of, and the mountains, just beyond the east- to sow new seeds of the Gospel, I ern edge of this province. His six- should like also to send out a company year-old daughter suddenly died of evangelists…. At the present time there. The Buddhist family were at the churches in Japan are for the big first horrified when the parents in- towns and cities, and missions for the sisted on having a Christian funeral, country places are almost forgotten. -but they had to yield the point.

This country missionary work is the But where could they get a minister?

most difficult of all and takes a great None had ever visited the vicinity, deal of time, and it costs money to and there were no resident Chris- keep on sending people. It would be tians. The father finally got in touch difficult to establish self-supporting with Rev. Tsujimura, by long-dis- ehurehes, but if the work is done with tance telephone, and engaged him to patience it would be the foundation come and hold the serviee at the home.

NEWS FROM: MA:NY LANbS !I!H

It was not only the first Christian concubine, where the dying struggle funeral, but also the first Christian against leaving a world of suffering meeting of any kind ever held in that for the great black fearful unknown, region. II where mothers hang paper prayers Japanese Christians in Korea over their gates in superstitious hope that the smallpox demon will spare REV. R. E. McALPINE, D.D., of the little ones, where the sorceress is the Southern Presbyterian called in to scare away cholera, where Church, discusses in the Christian little children go blind from prevent- Observer some of the benefits which able conditions and the sick languish he thinks Japanese rule has brought to wholly uncared for. The burden, Korea, and goes on to describe the ravages, hopelessness and darkness of Japanese Presbytery of Chosen. He sin are evident on every hand." says: "The presbytery has been established a dozen years; it now has Women Pledge Preaehing Day..

T a dozen or more churches fully HA'l' Korea Christians tithe their time as well as their money is a organized and self-sustaining, and as many more groups rapidly approach- fact well known to readers of the RE- ing full development. The twenty- VIEW. Miss Olga C. Johnson, of odd members of presbytery are a fine, Chungju, tells how generously cer- efficient group of Christian workers, tain Christian women give their time and their reports showed- steady and to the Lord. She says: "At the solid progress. The church members women's general Bible class held in Kwangju include a judge of the once a year for the city and country local court, two heads of government the attendance was about the same departments, the chief of the peni- as last year, 170. During the evantentiary, railway station master, and gelistic meetings held each evening of several school teachers and business the nine days, eighteen women men……. In addition to working pledged their faith in Christ. These with these churches I have tried to were personally followed up in their seek out the Japanese in villages' homes. A' collection of days' was taken and thirty-five women pledged scattered everywhere, and offer the 380 days of preaching in their own Gospel to them. Though my days or neighboring villages. During the have been very limited, yet many ex- class I enjoyed teaching portions of periences have been most encourag- Leviticus. The women declared that ing. " if sacrificing to their ancestors had Needy Areas in Korea as much meaning as the Jewish sac- SO MUCH has been said of the rifices they would not feel so badly progress of Christianity in Korea over the money and effort wasted that such a reminder as the following during their non-Christian days."

from Rev. Robert Knox, of the Southern Presbyterian Church, has in it an ISLANDS OF THE SEA element of surprise. He says: "Oc- Filipino Student. ACCePt Christ S casionally one hears some one say ILLIMAN Institute, at Dumagu- ete, on the Island of Negros, was that Korea is evangelized. We do thank God for what He has done in recently described by a visiting edu- this land but let no one think the task cational eommission as "the most in- complete. In going from one little fluential Protestant institution of church to another we itinerators pass higher learning in the Philippines."

hundreds of villages where there is One form of the influence which it not a single Christian, where the exerts is shown in the following ac- masses are devil worshipers, where count by Mrs. C. A. Glunz of what women slave from morning till night she calls "the first life work confer- without love or care for the husband ence held in Dumaguete." . She says: who spends his money on his young "Rev. Donato Galia and Rev. Proculo

Rodriquez, both Silliman graduates, In Egypt, Mr. Gindhi, a blind came back to assist in the week's Christian, has been teaching a num- meetings. It was a real joy to have ber of blind students in El Azhar them with us and to have them give University, Cairo. Together they their own experiences to the stu- have been studying the Bible in dents. The town chapel was crowded braille for nearly two years. Some every evening with about four hun- have taken the braille Bibles back dred students, and many students had with them to their villages.

personal interviews with our visitors. This society aims also to rescue Fifteen cards were signed for full- blind children, to support blind evan- time Christian service, while many gelists and Bible women, home teach- others signed cards signifying their ers and masseurs and to publish the willingness to let the Master have His Scriptures for the blind. One of the way in their lives. Following these blind evangelists is now working in meetings we had the last Decision the hospital at Nazareth, Palestine.

Day service for the school year and New Zealand Sunday-Schools twenty-eight stood up and accepted Christ. " T HE churches of Auckland are evincing a keen desire to build up Light Breaks in New Guinea religious educational work. Confer- REV. F. W. WALKER, of the New ences of youth workers are becoming Guinea E~angelization Society, popular and profitable. Earnest atwrites: "A great change is taking tention is being given to the problem place in Papua which is full of prom- of training teachers. New Zealand is ise. In the neighborhood of Kwato particularly fortunate in having a the old apathy and dull indifference very effective and well-organized are things of the past. Natives will Bible class movement to which the walk eight, ten, and even fifteen miles churches look for leaders. Students to listen to preaching which formerly in theological colleges are now study- they would not go to the other end ing religious pedagogy and doing of the village to hear. Many say practical Sunday-school work.

quite frankly that they are sick and tired of their old heathen ways. Na- FOREIGN MISSIONS IN BATTLE tive public opinion is beginning to ARRAY recognize the claims of the teaching of Christ, and there is a very general An endless line of splendor, and pronounced desire to learn the These troops with hea.ven for home, With creeds they go from Scotland, With incense go from Rome.

Way of Life. Perhaps the most hope- These, in the name of J eBUS, ful indication of this change is shown Against the dark gods stand, in the eagerness of the children to They gird the earth with valor come to school. To be convinced of They heed their King 's eom~and. this you have only to watch the children streaming over from the adja- Onward the line advances, Shaking the hills with power Slaying the hidden demons, '

cent Island of Logea to Kwato regu- The lions that devour.

larly five days in the week." No bloodshed in the wrest1ing,- But souls new·born arise- Work for the Blind The nations growing kinder The child·hearts growing 'wise. AUSTRALIA is the headquarters of a "Mission to the Blind in Hea- What is the final ending' then and Bible Lands." It was The issue, can we know! founded by the late Robert A. Byers Will Christ outlive Mohammed' W~ll Kali's Altar go'

and its present organizing secretary This is Our faith tremendous_ is Miss Muriel Leighton (102 Union Our wild hope, who shall s~orn- Street, Windsor, Victoria). This society cooperates with other bodies who That in the name of Jesus ' aJ;'e helping the blind in all lands. The world shall be reborn!

-From CoUected Poems of Vachel Lindsay. (Macmillan..)

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

'l'HE REVIEIW.

A Tibetan on Tibet: Being the Travels and circumstantial is'. it-indeed, often Observations of Paul Sherap, of Tach- wearisomely meticulous. . ienlu. By G. A. Combe. 8 vo. lOs. T. Fisher Unwin. London. 1926. The reader will not find anythmg When, in 1850, the Catholic mis, more of things Tibetan to ask ques- tions about after reading this volume. sionary, Abbe Hue, gave the world Behind the scenes always, and realizan intimate account of his famous ing what a foreigner wishes to know journey through Tibet and his nearly nine-months' stay in the capital, about his hermit fatherland, our Lhasa its vivid though unscientiiic Tibetan gives a moving picture of record deeply interested Occidentals this land of snows and summer pas.- ture land, of wandering lamas and in this unknown "Roof of the lamaseries and holy places of Tibet, World. " Here we have another rec- including the most sacred capital, ord of years of travel and residence Lhasa. While Lamaism is not disin that country, told to a competent cussed connectedly, here will be found a multitude of sketches of sectione. English scholar and student of Tib- taken one by one as Sherap travels etan Buddhism-often called Lama- about. ism. Sir Charles. Bell, himself resident at Lhasa nearly a year and one To add to the value of the volume, of our foremost authorities on things Mr. Combe contributes an abundance Tibetan, says of the narrator, of footnotes, made the more valuable by the help of missionaries who know Sherap: "We are introduced to a the Tibetan borders from years of Tibetan, who runs away from home residence and study, Mr. Edgar be- ing the most valued of all. His own when still a young boy, and travels opening chapter upon aspects. of Budday after day, month after month, dhism and the final chapter giving across the difficult mountain land, attaching himself' first to one party and an account of the "Mystery Play of then to another. Like many of his Tibet, " lasting two days with eleven race he has a quick, receptive mind, acts, are of themselves highly inter- esting and informative. H. P. B. and his account of what he sees and. feels and does, shows us Tibet from the inside. It reproduces the Tibetan atmosphere with simplicity and World-Wide Moravian Missions. Adolph charm. " As a later convert to Chris- Schulze and S. H. Gapp. 163 pp. $1.35 tianity, his views oj' Tibetan religion and $1.75 postpaid. The Comenius Press, do not represent his own bell.ef s, yet BiJthlehem, Pa., 1926. Paul Sherap describes manners and rites with entire impartiality, and Two hundred years of Moravian when he gives views of his guide in Christian missions, graphically depilgrimages as far south as Budh- scribed here in picture and story, are, gaya in India and for two years all for the most part, years of pioneer- ing in the most difficult fields. The over Tibet, we get that devout Bud- Moravians have set an example to dhist's reactions to sites and rites other Christian bodies by their devo- devoutly believed in. Readers of tion of life and SUbstance, by their Marco Polo's Chinese journeys will love and faith and obedience_ This find in Sherap's style almost a re- popular narrative tells of the early production of Marco's, so simple and days of the Church under the leader- 993 6

ship of Count von Zinzendorf and G. Wells, with whose views he is evithe subsequent mission work in dently in sympathy. The author tries Greenland, Labrador, Alaska, among in vain to answer the questions: American Indians, in the West In- "What is this thing we call religion? dies, in Nicaragua, Dutch Guiana, Whence did it come and why and South and Central Africa, on the how? Whither is it going?" borders of Tibet, in Australia and among lepers. Everywhere the labors Dr. Browne endeavors to prove of these missionaries have been that all religious belief has evolved marked by unswerving faith and from fear, from superstition, from self-denying love. Two hundred il- the practice of magic and an effort lustrations help to make the narra- to curry favor with or to appease the tive realistic. wrath of unseen forces. He believes that all religion is good and has A Great Emancipation: A Missionary Sur- brought many blessings to society, vey of Nyasaland, Central Africa. generally promoting morality and World Dominion Survey Series. Wm. J. stimulating art. W. Roome. Map and Statistics. 64 pp. Is. World Dominion Press. London. Christians cannot accept Dr. 1926. Browne's story of the rise and power of Christianity, for he makes positive Nyasaland is the scene of a part statements without giving evidence to of David Livingstone's travels, of the establish their truth. For example, work of· Dr. Robert Laws, Donald he says that Jesus was born in Naz- Fraser and other well-known Scotch areth and that the record of His life Presbyterian missionaries. The story in the gospels is no more to be relied of the advance of the cross is a won- upon than the legends of Zoroaster. derful record of heroic adventure and He looks upon Jesus as only a sincere the results are inspiring. Now the but mistaken Jewish "prophet." If Britist Universities Mission, the Dr. Browne is as unreliable in his de- United Free Chureh of Scotland, scription of other religions as in his the Church of Scotland Mission, the outline of Christian history, his book Dutch Reformed Church (of South contains much" fiction." Jesus' mir- Africa), the South Africa General acles of healing are classed with those Mission, the Seventh Day Adventists, wrought by the dances and incantathe Zambesi Industrial Mission, the tions of "medicine men;" although he Nyasa Mission and the Baptist In- acknowledges that Jesus was an exdustrial Mission (of England), are traordinary personality, not underall working there in forty main sta- stood by any of His devotees, ancient tions and 1,923 outstations with 305 or modern. Dr. Browne, without European missionaries. In fifty reason, declares that Jesus tried in years evangelical converts have been vain to escape from death. The disgathered to the number of over 50,- ciples are looked upon as self-deceived 000 and about 300,000 patients are fanatics who told tales of the resurtreated yearly. The Protestant mis- rection that deceived others–except sion schools have 106,000 pupils and Rabbi Browne! This explanation of Roman Catholic schools report 27,- how it all happened, and how Chris- 000. The map in this pamphlet is tianity has become the dominant reexceptionally clear and comprehen- ligion, accepted by the most intellisive. gent people of the age, somehow fails to convince. This Believing World. L€wis Browne. II1us. 8, vo. 347 pp. $3.50. New York. What Is Faith! J. Gresham Machen. 12 1926. mo. 251 pp. and Index, with list of Biblical passages quoted. $1.75. New From the naturalistic standpoint, York. 1925. Dr. Browne (a modern Jewish rabbi) describes the great religions of the This book sets forth luminously the world. He dedicates the book to H. author's conception of what it means to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ the Church in England and Scotland "u~to salvation." Much is frankly was engaged in controversies similar controversial and not a little is to these which have raged so recently keenly critical. It would seem that among us. Weare not without some conservative and liberal alike might signs that the Church in America is agree to meet on the plane of such a within sight of calmer seas and milder pronouncement as this: "It is not as skies. If representatives of liberala quality of the soul that faith saves ism are as loyal to the Person or a man, but only as the establishment Christ as is this representative or contact with a real object of the of conservatism-and very many of faith. . . . The efficacy of faith then them are-we shall yet find a way by depends not upon the faith itself, con- which on other points than that of sidered as a psychological phenome- £aith in Christ we shall "agree to dif- non, but upon the object of the faith, fer and in all things resolve to love. " c. C. A. namely Christ."

It is useless to deny that there is a World Friendship Pictures-Set No. 1broad eclecticism which regards faith Pictures of Moslem children. Four colored as a quality of the soul without re- prints on still cardboard. 11 x 14 inches. spect to its {)bject. Books like this 75 cents a set. Missionary Education recall us to the faith of our fathers, Movement. New York. 1926. and to its ultimate object, the Person of Jesus ChrISt. The faith of our fa- These are designed for use with thers, however, is not so simple a children in connection with the study of Moslem lands.

thing as some may imagine. Evan- Scripture Calendars. 1927. Golden Grain, gelical faith is not devoid of intellec- Golden Text, Daily Manna, Daily Medita· tual elements. Mr. Machen earnestly tion, Yonng Folks, Bible Almanac, Home protests against the idea that there Almanac, Daily Light. 1 shilling to 2 is necessarily any opposition between shillings each. Golden .Grain Diary 1s faith and knowledge. He pleads for 6d. Pickering and Inglis. Glasgow, &otland.

a fuller knowledge 6f the Bible and These are attractive and helpful especially of the New Testament. He Scripture calendars with quotations is as earnest as John Wesley himself from the most eminent spiritual in defense of the doctrine of justifica- Bible teachers and writers. They tion by faith. He would not object will bring blessing to many lives and to the phrase, "justification by love," many home circles. They make ex- for he says, "That love alone (God's cellent Christmas and New Year love for us), is the love that saves. gifts.

And the means by which it saves is NEW BOOKS faith." Dr. Machen has a perpetual Ten Weeks with Chinese llandits. Harvey quarrel with those who regard con- J. Howard. 272 pp. $3.00. Dodd, Mead version as an achievement rather than & Co. New York. 1926.

an experience. The experience fol- The New lapanese Womanhood. Allen K. lows the achievement. Those who Faust. 161 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran find trouble in reconciling Paul's doc- Co. New York. 1926. trine of faith and James'8 doctrine of works should read Dr. Machen's Friends of the Caravan Trails. Elizabeth chapter on "Paith and Warks. " Harris. 127 pp. 50 cents. Presbyterian Board of Christian Education. Philadel- phia. 1926.

Our brethren in Great Britain find Musa, Son of Egypt. Mary Entwistle and it difficult to understand the intensity Jeanette E. Perkins. 126 pp. 50 cents. of Dr. Machen '8 book, at times ap- Presbyterian Board of Christian Educa· proaching bitterness, as in his dis- tion. Philadelphia. 1926. cussion of Dr. McGiffert's book, "The God of the Early Christians," provoc- Ecuador: A Story of Missionary Achieveative as that book may be. It has ment. W. F. Jordan. 130 pp. $1.50. Christian Alliance Publishing Co. New York. 1926.

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(Concluned from page 993.; Through Teakwood Windows. Ethel Couy Higginbottom. 129 pp. $1.25. .I!'leming H. Revell Co. Xew York. 1926.

The Truth About Mormonism. James H. Snowden. 363 pp. $2.50. Westminster Press. Philadelphia. 1926.

A Tibetan on Tibet. G. A. Combe. 199 pp. lOs. T. Fisher 'nwin. London. 1926.

Arthur Neve of Kashmir. A. P. Shepherd. When They Sail 134 pp. 28 6d. Church ;l{issionar~' So- ciety. London. 1926. for Mission Fields Oui ldissions in India (1834-1924). E. Back of every Presby- Morris Wherry. 356 pp. $4.00. Strat- terian missionary who sails ford Co. Boston. 1926. for foreign fields is years of training. Our Church Abroad: The Foreign Missions of the Lutheran Church in America. Financial assistance elur- George Drach, Editor-in-chief. 2,58 pp. ing their tra1l1mg years is $1.25. United Lutheran Publication given by the Presbyterian House. Philadelphia. 1926. Board of Christian Educa- tion-if needed. New Challenges to Faith. Sherwood Eddy. 236 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Co. The average amount is New York. 1926. $150 a year.

A Great Emancipation: A Missionary Sur- Groups of women, Sun- vey of Nyasaland, Central Africa. 'World day schools, men's clubs are Dominion Survey Series. Wm. J. W. "a d 0 p tin g" prospective Roome. 64 pp. Is. World Ilominion ministers and missionaries Press. London. 1926. nm,- in school.

Map of Nyasaland Giving Missionary Sur- Perhaps your school vey. Mounted, 58 6d. Unmounted, 3s. would be helped by such World Dominion Press. London. 1926. definite gi "ing. The amount is small. There is distinct Nehemiah, the BuiJder-A Biblical Drama vocational suggestion in with Music. Eleanor Wood Whitman. having the young people 32 pp. 65 cents. l'i1grim Press. Bos- help support a future mis- ton. 1926. sionary-following him to the field. Christ in the Four Gospels. .John H. Cable. 375 pp. $2,.00. Christian Alli- Full details from Room ance PUblishing Co. New York. 1926. 819 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. The Letters to the Seven Churches. Jno. Gibson Inkster. 83 pp. 75 cents. Chris- tian Alliance Publishing Co. New York. 1926.

Children's Dramatizations. Elizabeth Ed· land. 48 pp. 50 cents. Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1926.

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